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SORIANO v. NLRC

155 SCRA 124

[G.R. No. 75510. October 27, 1987.]

RUFINA SORIANO, Petitioner, v. THE NATIONAL

LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION and KINGLY

COMMOITIES TRAERS AN MULTI!RESOURCES,INC., Re"#ondent".

R E S O L U T I O N

ELICIANO, !."

#et$t$o%er &t'rte( )or*$%+ )$t re&-o%(e%t coo($t$e&

tr'($%+ Cor-or't$o% $% No/eber 1977 '& I%/e&te%t

Co%&eor '%( e/e%t' bec'e 3$ce#re&$(e%t,

'r*et$%+. O% 18 Se-teber 1984, -et$t$o%er )'&

c'r+e( )$t 'o)$%+ or 6'$$%+ to &-er/$&e '%( o%$tor

cert'$% 'ct$/$t$e& o6 $%/e&te%t co%&eor& $% er

(e-'rte%t, )$c $%c(e( te &$+%$%+ o6 ' co%tr'ct

o-e%$%+ '% 'cco%t 6or ' c$e%t b '% $%/e&te%t

co%&eor )$tot 'tor$t 6ro te c$e%t, tr'%&6er& o6

6%(& 6ro o%e 'cco%t to '%oter )$tot te

*%o)e(+e '%( 'tor$t o6 te c$e%t& $%/o/e(,

%'tor$e( tr'%&'ct$o%& $% 6ore$+% crre%c )$t c$e%t&

o6 te re&-o%(e%t Cor-or't$o%, %'tor$e( '--ro/' o6

e'/e 6or eber& o6 er (e-'rte%t, '%( re&t$%+ $%

o&& o6 co%6$(e%ce $% -et$t$o%er. #et$t$o%er )'&

-re/e%t$/e &&-e%(e( '%( re$re( to e-'$% er 'ct&

or 6'$re to 'ct. T)o :2; ('& 'ter, -et$t$o%er &b$tte(er (et'$e( '%&)er or e-'%'t$o%. O% 27 Se-teber,

1984, te Eect$/e 3$ce#re&$(e%t '%( Ge%er'

'%'+er o6 re&-o%(e%t Cor-or't$o% 6o%( -et$t$o%erec$&$o% re$r$%+ te re&-o%(e%t Cor-or't$o% to -'

-et$t$o%er" :1; &e-'r't$o% -' $% te 'o%t o6

#10,500.00? :2; &$ :=; o%t& b'c*)'+e& $% te 'o%t

o6 #120,000.00? :@; or' (''+e& $% te 'o%t o6

#500,000.00? :4; ee-'r (''+e& $% te 'o%t o6

#100,000.00? '%( :5; 'ttor%e

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'e+e( '6e'&'%ce or $&6e'&'%ce o% te -'rt o6

o66$cer& or e-oee& o6 te co-'% '%( -e%($%+ '

(ec$&$o% o% te -'rt o6 te co-'% :See Sec. @ o6 Re

I3, Boo* 3, o6 te O%$b& Re& I-ee%t$%+ te

L'bor Co(e;. Co%&$(er$%+ te /er &e%$or '%( &e%&$t$/e

c'r'cter o6 -et$t$o%er

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(e-'rte%t. A& ' 'tter o6 -r'ct$ce '%( -roce(re,

co-'$%'%t, '& /$ce-re&$(e%t'r*et$%+, $& ')'&

$%6ore( o6 %e) c$e%t& 6or er to be -er&o%'

'c'$%te( )$t te c$e%t. e '+ree )$t te '--e'%t&

t't '( te co-'$%'%t '(ere( to t$& -roce(re, &e

co( '/e $e($'te %ot$ce( te %'tor$e(

&$+%'tre b So6$' N''re%o t't e%'be( er to tr'%&6er6%(& 6ro o%e 'cco%t to '%oter. L$*e)$&e, &$%ce te

co-'$%'%t '--ro/e( te -'e%t $%&trct$o% 6or

#25,000.00 o% ! 1@, 1984, te tr'%&6er o6 #4,052.59

o% A+&t =, 1984 6ro te 'cco%t o6 R'o% Lo-e to

#'%e'%+orISISS te

#et$t$o% 6or Cert$or'r$ 6or 'c* o6 er$t. Te >ec$&$o% o6

te re&-o%(e%t NLRC ('te( 10 'rc 198= $& o($6$e(

&o '& to ')'r( -et$t$o%er te 6oo)$%+ $te&" ';

&e-'r't$o% -' $% te 'o%t o6 #@7,800.00? b;

b'c*)'+e& 6or tree :@; o%t& $% te 'o%t o6#1=,200.00" '%( c; 'ttor%e & 6ee& o6 #1,500.00, '*$%+

' tot' o6 #55,500.00.

SO OR>ERE>.

Fernan, G$tierre%, &r., Bidin and Corte", &&., 'on'$r.

!!!!!!!!!(((!!!!!!!!!

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SONGCO v. NLRC

G.R. No. L!)*+++

Mar' -, /++*

E>IAL>EA, !."

T$& $& ' -et$t$o% 6or cert$or'r$ &ee*$%+ to o($6 te

(ec$&$o% o6 te N't$o%' L'bor Re't$o%& Co$&&$o% $%NLRC C'&e No. RBI32084078T e%t$te(, !o&e

So%+co '%( Roeo C$-re&, Co-'$%'%t&A--e'%t&, /.

.E. Me$+ :;, I%c., Re&-o%(e%tA--eee '%( NLRC

C'&e No. RN I32085578T e%t$te(, A'%c$o '%e,

Co-'$%'%tA--e'%t, /. .E. Me$+ :;, I%c.,

Re&-o%(e%tA--eee, )$c ($&$&&e( te '--e' o6

-et$t$o%er& ere$% '%( $% e66ect '66$re( te (ec$&$o% o6

te L'bor Arb$ter or(er$%+ -r$/'te re&-o%(e%t to -'

-et$t$o%er& &e-'r't$o% -' e$/'e%t to te$r o%e o%t

&''r :ec&$/e o6 co$&&$o%&, 'o)'%ce&, etc.; 6or

e/er e'r o6 &er/$ce.

Te '%tece(e%t 6'ct& 're '& 6oo)&"

#r$/'te re&-o%(e%t .E. Me$+ :;, I%c., :ere$%'6ter

re6erre( to '& Me$+; 6$e( )$t te >e-'rte%t o6 L'bor

:Re+$o%' O66$ce No. 4; '% '--$c't$o% &ee*$%+ ce'r'%ce

to ter$%'te te &er/$ce& o6 -et$t$o%er& !o&e So%+co,

Roeo C$-re&, '%( A'%c$o '%e :ere$%'6ter

re6erre( to '& -et$t$o%er&; 'e+e( o% te +ro%( o6

retre%ce%t (e to 6$%'%c$' o&&e&. T$& '--$c't$o%

)'& &e'&o%'b o--o&e( b -et$t$o%er& 'e+$%+ t't te

co-'% $& %ot &66er$%+ 6ro '% o&&e&. Te 'e+e(6rter t't te 're be$%+ ($&$&&e( bec'&e o6 te$r

eber&$- $% te %$o%. At te '&t e'r$%+ o6 te c'&e,

o)e/er, -et$t$o%er& '%$6e&te( t't te 're %o o%+er

co%te&t$%+ te$r ($&$&&'. Te -'rt$e& te% '+ree( t't

te &oe $&&e to be re&o/e( $& te b'&$& o6 te

&e-'r't$o% -' (e to -et$t$o%er&. #et$t$o%er&, )o )ere

$% te &'e& 6orce o6 Me$+ rece$/e( o%t &''r$e& o6

't e'&t #40,000. I% '(($t$o%, te rece$/e( co$&&$o%&

6or e/er &'e te '(e.

Te coect$/e B'r+'$%$%+ A+reee%t e%tere( $%to

bet)ee% Me$+ '%( .E. Me$+ E-oee& A&&oc$'t$o%,o6 )$c -et$t$o%er& 're eber&, co%t'$%& te 6oo)$%+

-ro/$&$o% :-. 71, Roo;"

ARTICLE I3 F Ret$ree%t Gr't$t

Sect$o% :';A% e-oee, )o $& &e-'r'te( 6ro

e-oe%t (e to o( '+e, &$c*%e&&, (e't or

-er'%e%t 'o66 %ot (e to te 6't o6 &'$( e-oee

&' rece$/e 6ro te co-'% ' ret$ree%t +r't$t $%

'% 'o%t e$/'e%t to o%e :1; o%t& &''r -er e'r

o6 &er/$ce. O%e o%t o6 &''r '& &e( $% t$&

-'r'+r'- &' be (eee( e$/'e%t to te &''r 't

('te o6 ret$ree%t? e'r& o6 &er/$ce &' be (eee(

e$/'e%t to tot' &er/$ce cre($t&, ' 6r'ct$o% o6 't e'&t

&$ o%t& be$%+ co%&$(ere( o%e e'r, $%c($%+

-rob't$o%'r e-oe%t. :E-'&$& &--$e(;

O% te oter '%(, Art$ce 284 o6 te L'bor Co(e te%

-re/'$$%+ -ro/$(e&"

Art. 284. Re(ct$o% o6 -er&o%%e. F Te ter$%'t$o% o6

e-oe%t o6 '% e-oee (e to te $%&t''t$o% o6

'bor &'/$%+(e/$ce&, re(%('%c, retre%ce%t to

-re/e%t o&&e&, '%( oter &$$'r c'&e&, &' e%t$te te

e-oee '66ecte( tereb to &e-'r't$o% -'. I% c'&e o6

ter$%'t$o% (e to te $%&t''t$o% o6 'bor&'/$%+ (e/$ce&

or re(%('%c, te &e-'r't$o% -' &' be e$/'e%t too%e :1; o%t -' or to 't e'&t o%e :1; o%t -' 6or

e/er e'r o6 &er/$ce, )$ce/er $& $+er. I% c'&e o6

retre%ce%t to -re/e%t o&&e& '%( oter &$$'r c'&e&,

te &e-'r't$o% -' &' be e$/'e%t to o%e :1; o%t

-' or 't e'&t o%e'6 :1K2; o%t -' 6or e/er e'r o6

&er/$ce, )$ce/er $& $+er. A 6r'ct$o% o6 't e'&t &$ :=;

o%t& &' be co%&$(ere( o%e :1; )oe e'r.

:E-'&$& &--$e(;

I% '(($t$o%, Sect$o%& 9:b; '%( 10, Re 1, Boo* 3I o6 te

Re& I-ee%t$%+ te L'bor Co(e -ro/$(e"

Sec. 9:b;. ere te ter$%'t$o% o6 e-oe%t $& (e

to retrece%t $%$t$'te( b te e-oer to -re/e%t

o&&e& or oter &$$'r c'&e&, or )ere te e-oee

&66er& 6ro ' ($&e'&e '%( $& co%t$%e( e-oe%t $&

-ro$b$te( b ') or $& -reD($c$' to $& e't or to te

e't o6 $& coe-oee&, te e-oee &' be

e%t$te( to ter$%'t$o% -' e$/'e%t 't e'&t to $& o%e

o%t &''r, or to o%e'6 o%t -' 6or e/er e'r o6

&er/$ce, )$ce/er $& $+er, ' 6r'ct$o% o6 't e'&t &$ :=;

o%t& be$%+ co%&$(ere( '& o%e )oe e'r.

Sec. 10. B'&$& o6 ter$%'t$o% -'. F Te co-t't$o% o6

te ter$%'t$o% -' o6 '% e-oee '& -ro/$(e( ere$%

&' be b'&e( o% $& 'te&t &''r r'te, %e&& te &'e

)'& re(ce( b te e-oer to (e6e't te $%te%t$o% o6

te Co(e, $% )$c c'&e te b'&$& o6 co-t't$o% &'

be te r'te be6ore $t& (e(ct$o%. :E-'&$& &--$e(;

O% !%e 2=,1978, te L'bor Arb$ter re%(ere( ' (ec$&$o%,

te ($&-o&$t$/e -ort$o% o6 )$c re'(& :-. 78, Roo;"

RES#ONSI3E TO TE OREGOING, re&-o%(e%t

&o( be '& $t $& ereb, or(ere( to -' teco-'$%'%t& &e-'r't$o% -' e$/'e%t to te$r o%e

o%t &''r :ec&$/e o6 co$&&$o%&, 'o)'%ce&,

etc.; 6or e/er e'r o6 &er/$ce t't te '/e )or*e( )$t

te co-'%.

SO OR>ERE>.

Te '--e' b -et$t$o%er& to te N't$o%' L'bor

Re't$o%& Co$&&$o% )'& ($&$&&e( 6or 'c* o6 er$t.

e%ce, te -re&e%t -et$t$o%.

O% !%e 2, 1980, te Cort, 'ct$%+ o% te /er$6$e(

Not$ce o6 3o%t'r Ab'%(o%e%t '%( $t(r')' o6

#et$t$o% ('te( A-r$ 7, 1980 6$e( b -et$t$o%er Roeo

C$-re&, b'&e( o% te +ro%( t't e )'%t& to 'b$(e b

te (ec$&$o% '--e'e( 6ro &$%ce e '( rece$/e(, to

$& 6 '%( co-ete &'t$&6'ct$o%, $& &e-'r't$o% -',

re&o/e( to ($&$&& te -et$t$o% '& to $.

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Te $&&e $& )eter or %ot e'r%e( &'e& co$&&$o%&

'%( 'o)'%ce& &o( be $%c(e( $% te o%t &''r

o6 -et$t$o%er& 6or te -r-o&e o6 co-t't$o% o6 te$r

&e-'r't$o% -'.

Te -et$t$o% $& $-re&&e( )$t er$t.

#et$t$o%er& -o&$t$o% )'& t't $% 'rr$/$%+ 't te correct

'%( e+' 'o%t o6 &e-'r't$o% -' (e te, )eter

%(er te L'bor Co(e or te CBA, te$r b'&$c &''r,

e'r%e( &'e& co$&&$o%& '%( 'o)'%ce& &o( be

'((e( to+eter. Te c$te( Art$ce 97:6; o6 te L'bor

Co(e )$c $%c(e& co$&&$o% '& -'rt o% o%e&

&''r, to )$t?

:6; '+e -'$( to '% e-oee &' e'% te

re%er't$o% or e'r%$%+&, o)e/er (e&$+%'te(, c'-'be

o6 be$%+ e-re&&e( $% ter& o6 o%e, )eter 6$e( or

'&cert'$%e( o% ' t$e, t'&*, -$ece, or co$&&$o% b'&$&,

or oter eto( o6 c'c't$%+ te &'e, )$c $&

-''be b '% e-oer to '% e-oee %(er ' )r$tte%

or %)r$tte% co%tr'ct o6 e-oe%t 6or )or* (o%e or to

be (o%e, or 6or &er/$ce& re%(ere( or to be re%(ere(, '%(

$%c(e& te 6'$r '%( re'&o%'be /'e, '& (eter$%e( b

te Secret'r o6 L'bor, o6 bo'r(, o(+$%+, or oter

6'c$$t$e& c&to'r$ 6r%$&e( b te e-oer to te

e-oee. '$r re'&o%'be /'e &' %ot $%c(e '%

-ro6$t to te e-oer or to '% -er&o% '66$$'te( )$t te

e-oer.

Me$+ 'r+e& t't $6 $t )ere re' te $%te%t$o% o6 te

L'bor Co(e '& )e '& $t& $-ee%t$%+ re& to $%c(e

co$&&$o% $% te co-t't$o% o6 &e-'r't$o% -', $t

co( '/e e-$c$t &'$( &o $% ce'r '%( %e$/oc'

ter&. rterore, $% te (e6$%$t$o% o6 te ter )'+e,

co$&&$o% $& &e( o% '& o%e o6 te 6e'tre& or

(e&$+%'t$o%& 'tt'ce( to te )or( re%er't$o% or

e'r%$%+&.

I%&o6'r '& te $&&e o6 )eter or %ot 'o)'%ce& &o(

be $%c(e( $% te o%t &''r o6 -et$t$o%er& 6or te

-r-o&e o6 co-t't$o% o6 te$r &e-'r't$o% -' $&co%cer%e(, t$& '& bee% &ette( $% te c'&e o6 S'%to& /.

NLRC, et '., G.R. No. 7=721, Se-teber 21, 1987, 154

SCRA 1==, )ere e re( t't $% te co-t't$o% o6

b'c*)'+e& '%( &e-'r't$o% -', 'cco%t &t be t'*e%

%ot o% o6 te b'&$c &''r o6 -et$t$o%er bt '&o o6 er

tr'%&-ort't$o% '%( eer+e%c $/$%+ 'o)'%ce&. T$&

r$%+ )'& re$ter'te( $% Sor$'%o /. NLRC, et '., G.R. No.

75510, October 27, 1987, 155 SCRA 124 '%( rece%t,

$% #'%ter& #ro(ct&, I%c. /. NLRC, et '., G.R. No.

78524, !'%'r 20, 1989.

e &' co%cer% or&e/e& %o) )$t te $&&e o6

)eter or %ot e'r%e( &'e& co$&&$o% &o( be

$%c(e( $% te o%t &''r o6 -et$t$o%er 6or te

-r-o&e o6 co-t't$o% o6 te$r &e-'r't$o% -'.

Art$ce 97:6; b $t&e6 $& e-$c$t t't co$&&$o% $&

$%c(e( $% te (e6$%$t$o% o6 te ter )'+e. It '& bee%

re-e'te( (ec're( b te cort& t't )ere te ')

&-e'*& $% ce'r '%( c'te+or$c' '%+'+e, tere $& %o

roo 6or $%ter-ret't$o% or co%&trct$o%? tere $& o% roo

6or '--$c't$o% :Ceb #ort'%( Cee%t Co. /.

%$c$-'$t o6 N'+', G.R. No&. 2411=17, A+&t 22,

19=8, 24 SCRA 708? Go%'+' /. Cort o6 A--e'&,

G.R.No. L2 7455, !%e 28,197@, 51 SCRA @81;. A -'$%

'%( %'b$+o& &t'tte &-e'*& 6or $t&e6, '%( '%

'tte-t to '*e $t ce'rer $& /'$% 'bor '%( te%(& o% to

ob&cr$t. o) e/er, $t ' be 'r+e( t't $6 ecorre'te Art$ce 97:6; )$t Art$ce I3 o6 te Coect$/e

B'r+'$%$%+ A+reee%t, Art$ce 284 o6 te L'bor Co(e

'%( Sect$o%& 9:b; '%( 10 o6 te I-ee%t$%+ Re&,

tere '--e'r& to be '% 'b$+$t. I% t$& re+'r(, te

L'bor Arb$ter r't$o%'$e( $& (ec$&$o% $% t$& '%%er :--.

747=, Roo;"

Te (e6$%$t$o% o6 )'+e -ro/$(e( $% Art$ce 9= :&$c; o6 te

Co(e c'% be correct be :&$c; &t'te( '& ' +e%er'

(e6$%$t$o%. It $& )'+e $% $t& +e%er$c &e%&e. A c're6

-er&' o6 te &'e (oe& %ot &o) '% $%($c't$o% t't

co$&&$o% $& -'rt o6 &''r. e c'% &' t't

co$&&$o% b $t&e6 ' be co%&$(ere( ' )'+e. T$& $&

%ot &oet$%+ %o/e 6or $t c'%%ot be +'$%&'$( t't cert'$%

t-e& o6 e-oee& $*e '+e%t&, 6$e( -er&o%%e '%(

&'e&e% (o %ot e'r% '% re+'r ('$, )ee* or

o%t &''r$e&, bt re '$% o% co$&&$o% e'r%e(.

U-o% te oter '%(, te -ro/$&$o%& o6 Sect$o% 10, Re

1, Boo* 3I o6 te $-ee%t$%+ re& $% co%D%ct$o% )$t

Art$ce& 27@ '%( 274 :&$c; o6 te Co(e &-ec$6$c' &t'te&

t't te b'&$& o6 te ter$%'t$o% -' (e to o%e )o $&

&o+t to be e+' &e-'r'te( 6ro te &er/$ce $& $&'te&t &''r r'te&.

E/e% Art$ce& 27@ '%( 274 :&$c; $%/'r$'b &e o%t

-' or o%t &''r.

Te 'bo/e ter& 6o%( $% to&e Art$ce& '%( te

-'rt$c'r Re& )ere $%te%t$o%' &e( to e-re&& te

$%te%t o6 te 6r'er& o6 te ') t't 6or -r-o&e& o6

&e-'r't$o% -' te e'% to be &-ec$6$c' re6err$%+ to

&''r o%.

.... E'c -'rt$c'r be%e6$t -ro/$(e( $% te Co(e '%(oter >ecree& o% L'bor '& $t& o)% -ec'r$t$e& '%(

%'%ce& '%( &o( be $%ter-rete( $% t't $+t. T&, 6or

' &-ec$6$c -ro/$&$o%, ' &-ec$6$c e'%$%+ $& 'tt'ce( to

&$-$6 'tter& t't ' 'r$&e tere 6ro. Te +e%er'

+$(e$%e& $% :&$c; te 6or't$o% o6 &-ec$6$c re& 6or

-'rt$c'r -r-o&e. T&, t't )'t &o( be co%tro$%+

$% 'tter& co%cer%$%+ ter$%'t$o% -' &o( be te

&-ec$6$c -ro/$&$o%& o6 bot Boo* 3I o6 te Co(e '%( te

Re&. At '% r'te, &ette( $& te re t't $% 'tter& o6

co%6$ct bet)ee% te +e%er' -ro/$&$o% o6 ') '%( t't o6

' -'rt$c'r or &-ec$6$c -ro/$&$o%, te 'tter &o(

-re/'$.

O% $t& -'rt, te NLRC re( :-. 110, Roo;"

ro te '6oreote( -ro/$&$o%& o6 te ') '%( te

$-ee%t$%+ re&, $t co( be (e(ce( t't )'+e $&

&e( $% $t& +e%er$c &e%&e '%( ob/$o& re6er& to te

b'&$c )'+e r'te to be '&cert'$%e( o% ' t$e, t'&*, -$ece

or co$&&$o% b'&$& or oter eto( o6 c'c't$%+ te

&'e. It (oe& %ot, o)e/er, e'% t't co$&&$o%,

'o)'%ce& or '%'o+o& $%coe %ece&&'r$ 6or& -'rt

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6| P a g e

o6 te e-oee& &''r bec'&e to (o &o )o( e'( to

'%o'$e& :&$c;, $6 %ot 'b&r(, co%&trct$o% o6 te )or(

&''r. or )'t )$ -re/e%t te e-oee 6ro

$%&$&t$%+ t't eer+e%c $/$%+ 'o)'%ce, 1@t o%t

-', o/ert$e, '%( -re$ -', '%( oter 6r$%+e

be%e6$t& &o( be '((e( to te co-t't$o% o6 te$r

&e-'r't$o% -'. T$& &$t't$o%, to or $%(, $& %ot te re'$%te%t o6 te Co(e '%( $t& re&.

e re oter)$&e. Te 'b$+$t bet)ee% Art$ce 97:6;,

)$c (e6$%e& te ter )'+e '%( Art$ce I3 o6 te

Coect$/e B'r+'$%$%+ A+reee%t, Art$ce 284 o6 te

L'bor Co(e '%( Sect$o%& 9:b; '%( 10 o6 te

I-ee%t$%+ Re&, )$c e%t$o% te ter& -' '%(

&''r, $& ore '--'re%t t'% re'. Bro'(, te )or(

&''r e'%& ' reco-e%&e or co%&$(er't$o% '(e to

' -er&o% 6or $& -'$%& or $%(&tr $% '%oter '%&

b&$%e&&. eter $t be (er$/e( 6ro &''r$, or ore

6'%c$6 6ro &', te -' o6 te Ro'% &o($er, $t

c'rr$e& )$t $t te 6%('e%t' $(e' o6 co-e%&'t$o% 6or

&er/$ce& re%(ere(. I%(ee(, tere $& e$%e%t 'tor$t 6or

o($%+ t't te )or(& )'+e& '%( &''r 're $%

e&&e%ce &%o%o& :or(& '%( #r'&e&, 3o. @8

#er'%e%t E($t$o%, -. 44 c$t$%+ o-*$%& /&. Cro)e, 85

N.J.S. 8@9,841,89 A--. >$/. 481? @8 A. !r. 49=;.

S''r, te etoo+ o6 )$c $& te L't$% )or(

&''r$, $& o6te% &e( $%terc'%+e'b )$t )'+e,

te etoo+ o6 )$c $& te $((e E%+$& )or(

)'+e%. Bot )or(& +e%er' re6er to o%e '%( te

&'e e'%$%+, t't $&, ' re)'r( or reco-e%&e 6or&er/$ce& -er6ore(. L$*e)$&e, -' $& te &%o% o6

)'+e& '%( &''r :B'c*& L') >$ct$o%'r, 5t E(.;.

I%'&c '& te )or(& )'+e&, -' '%( &''r '/e

te &'e e'%$%+, '%( co$&&$o% $& $%c(e( $% te

(e6$%$t$o% o6 )'+e, te o+$c' co%c&$o%, tere6ore, $&,

$% te co-t't$o% o6 te &e-'r't$o% -' o6 -et$t$o%er&,

te$r &''r b'&e &o( $%c(e '&o te$r e'r%e( &'e&

co$&&$o%&.

Te '6oreote( -ro/$&$o%& 're %ot te o%

co%&$(er't$o% 6or (ec$($%+ te -et$t$o% $% 6'/or o6 te

-et$t$o%er&.

e '+ree )$t te So$c$tor Ge%er' t't +r'%t$%+, $%

+r't$' 'r+e%t$, t't te co$&&$o%& )ere $% te 6or

o6 $%ce%t$/e& or e%cor'+ee%t, &o t't te -et$t$o%er&

)o( be $%&-$re( to -t ' $tte ore $%(&tr o% te Dob&

-'rt$c'r '&&$+%e( to te, &t$ te&e co$&&$o%&

're ($rect re%er't$o% &er/$ce& re%(ere( )$c

co%tr$bte( to te $%cre'&e o6 $%coe o6 Me$+ .

Co$&&$o% $& te reco-e%&e, co-e%&'t$o% or

re)'r( o6 '% '+e%t, &'e&'%, eector, tr&tee&,

rece$/er, 6'ctor, bro*er or b'$ee, )e% te &'e $&

c'c'te( '& ' -erce%t'+e o% te 'o%t o6 $&

tr'%&'ct$o%& or o% te -ro6$t to te -r$%c$-' :B'c*& L')

>$ct$o%'r, 5t E(., c$t$%+ e$%er /. S)'e&, 217 (.

12@, 141 A.2( 749, 750;. Te %'tre o6 te )or* o6 '

&'e&'% '%( te re'&o% 6or &c t-e o6 re%er't$o%

6or &er/$ce& re%(ere( (eo%&tr'te ce'r t't

co$&&$o% 're -'rt o6 -et$t$o%er& )'+e or &''r. e

t'*e D($c$' %ot$ce o6 te 6'ct t't &oe &'e&e% (o %ot

rece$/e '% b'&$c &''r bt (e-e%( o% co$&&$o%&

'%( 'o)'%ce& or co$&&$o%& 'o%e, 're -'rt o6

-et$t$o%er& )'+e or &''r. e t'*e D($c$' %ot$ce o6 te

6'ct t't &oe &'e&'% (o %ot rece$/e( '% b'&$c

&''r bt (e-e%( o% co$&&$o%& '%( 'o)'%ce& or

co$&&$o%& 'o%e, 'to+ '% e-oere-oee

re't$o%&$- e$&t&. Be'r$%+ $% $%( te -recee($%+

($c&&$o%&, $6 )e '(o-t te o--o&$te /$e) t't

co$&&$o%&, (o %ot 6or -'rt o6 )'+e or &''r, te%, $%e66ect, e )$ be &'$%+ t't t$& *$%( o6 &'e&e% (o

%ot rece$/e '% &''r '%( tere6ore, %ot e%t$te( to

&e-'r't$o% -' $% te e/e%t o6 ($&c'r+e 6ro

e-oe%t. $ t$& %ot be 'b&r( T$& %'rro)

$%ter-ret't$o% $& %ot $% 'ccor( )$t te $ber' &-$r$t o6 or

'bor ')& '%( co%&$(er$%+ te -r-o&e o6 &e-'r't$o%

-' )$c $&, to 'e/$'te te ($66$ct$e& )$c co%6ro%t '

($&$&&e( e-oee tro)% te te &treet& to 6'ce te

'r& %ece&&$t$e& o6 $6e.

A(($t$o%', $% Sor$'%o /. NLRC, et '., &-r', $%

re&o/$%+ te $&&e o6 te &''r b'&e t't &o( be

&e( $% co-t$%+ te &e-'r't$o% -', e e( t't"

Te co$&&$o%& '&o c'$e( b -et$t$o%er :o/err$(e

co$&&$o% -& %et (e-o&$t $%ce%t$/e; 're %ot -ro-er

$%c($be $% &c b'&e 6$+re &$%ce &c co$&&$o%&

&t be e'r%e( b 'ct' 'r*et tr'%&'ct$o%&

'ttr$bt'be to -et$t$o%er.

A--$%+ t$& b '%'o+, &$%ce te co$&&$o%& $% te

-re&e%t c'&e )ere e'r%e( b 'ct' 'r*et tr'%&'ct$o%&

'ttr$bt'be to -et$t$o%er&, te&e &o( be $%c(e( $%te$r &e-'r't$o% -'. I% te co-t't$o% tereo6, )'t

&o( be t'*e% $%to 'cco%t $& te '/er'+e

co$&&$o%& e'r%e( (r$%+ te$r '&t e'r o6

e-oe%t.

Te 6$%' co%&$(er't$o% $&, $% c'rr$%+ ot '%( $%ter-ret$%+

te L'bor Co(e& -ro/$&$o%& '%( $t& $-ee%t$%+

re+'t$o%&, te )or*$%+'%& )e6're &o( be te

-r$or($' '%( -'r'o%t co%&$(er't$o%. T$& *$%( o6

$%ter-ret't$o% +$/e& e'%$%+ '%( &b&t'%ce to te $ber'

'%( co-'&&$o%'te &-$r$t o6 te ') '& -ro/$(e( 6or $%

Art$ce 4 o6 te L'bor Co(e )$c &t'te& t't ' (obt&$% te $-ee%t't$o% '%( $%ter-ret't$o% o6 te -ro/$&$o%&

o6 te L'bor Co(e $%c($%+ $t& $-ee%t$%+ re& '%(

re+'t$o%& &' be re&o/e( $% 6'/or o6 'bor :Abe' /.

NLRC, G.R. No. 71812, ! @0,1987,152 SCRA 140?

'%$' Eectr$c Co-'% /. NLRC, et '., G.R. No.

787=@, ! 12,1989;, '%( Art$ce 1702 o6 te C$/$ Co(e

)$c -ro/$(e& t't $% c'&e o6 (obt, ' 'bor e+$&'t$o%

'%( ' 'bor co%tr'ct& &' be co%&tre( $% 6'/or o6 te

&'6et '%( (ece%t $/$%+ 6or te 'borer.

ACCOR>INGLJ, te -et$t$o% $& ereb GRANTE>. Te

(ec$&$o% o6 te re&-o%(e%t N't$o%' L'bor Re't$o%&

Co$&&$o% $& O>IIE> b $%c($%+ 'o)'%ce& '%(

co$&&$o%& $% te &e-'r't$o% -' o6 -et$t$o%er& !o&e

So%+co '%( A'%c$o '%e. Te c'&e $& re'%(e( to

te L'bor Arb$ter 6or te -ro-er co-t't$o% o6 &'$(

&e-'r't$o% -'.

SO OR>ERE>.

7/25/2019 Art.-97-98 Labor

7/34

7| P a g e

&A0IER v. FLY ACE

G.R. No. /+-))1

Fe2r$ar3 /), -*/-

> E C I S I O N

EN>OMA, !."

T$& $& ' -et$t$o% %(er Re 45 o6 te Re& o6 C$/$

#roce(re '&&'$$%+ te 'rc 18, 2010 >ec$&$o%[1] o6

te Cort o6 A--e'& :CA; '%( $t& !%e 7, 2010

Re&ot$o%,[2] $% CAG.R. S# No. 109975, )$c

re/er&e( te ' 28, 2009 >ec$&$o%[@] o6 te N't$o%'

L'bor Re't$o%& Co$&&$o% :NLRC; $% te c'&e e%t$te(

B$to !'/$er /. AceKor(e% C'&t$o,[4] o($%+ t't

-et$t$o%er B$to !'/$er :!'/$er; )'& $e+' ($&$&&e(

6ro e-oe%t '%( or(er$%+ Ace Cor-or't$o% :

Ace; to -' b'c*)'+e& '%( &e-'r't$o% -' $% $e o6

re$%&t'tee%t.

A%tece(e%t 'ct&

O% ' 2@, 2008, !'/$er 6$e( ' co-'$%t be6ore te

NLRC 6or %(er-'e%t o6 &''r$e& '%( oter 'bor

&t'%('r( be%e6$t&. e 'e+e( t't e )'& '% e-oee

o6 Ace &$%ce Se-teber 2007, -er6or$%+ /'r$o&

t'&*& 't te re&-o%(e%t& )'reo&e &c '& ce'%$%+

'%( 'rr'%+$%+ te c'%%e( $te& be6ore te$r (e$/er to

cert'$% oc't$o%&, ece-t $% $%&t'%ce& )e% e )o( be

or(ere( to 'cco-'% te co-'%& (e$/er /e$ce&,

'& -'$%'%te? t't e re-orte( 6or )or* 6ro o%(' toS'tr(' 6ro 7"00 ococ* $% te or%$%+ to 5"00 ococ*

$% te '6ter%oo%? t't (r$%+ $& e-oe%t, e )'& %ot

$&&e( '% $(e%t$6$c't$o% c'r( '%( -'&$-& b te

co-'%? t't o% ' =, 2008, e re-orte( 6or )or* bt

e )'& %o o%+er 'o)e( to e%ter te co-'%

-re$&e& b te &ecr$t +'r( -o% te $%&trct$o% o6

Rbe% O%+ :r. O%+;, $& &-er$or?[5] t't '6ter &e/er'

$%te& o6 be++$%+ to te +'r( to 'o) $ to e%ter, e

&') O%+ )o e '--ro'ce( '%( '&*e( ) e )'&

be$%+ b'rre( 6ro e%ter$%+ te -re$&e&? t't O%+

re-$e( b &'$%+, T'%%+$% o '%'* o? [=] t't e te%

)e%t oe '%( ($&c&&e( te 'tter )$t $& 6'$? t'te ($&co/ere( t't O%+ '( bee% cort$%+ $& ('+ter

A%%'% '6ter te t)o et 't ' 6$e&t' ceebr't$o% $%

''bo% C$t? t't A%%'% tr$e( to t'* to O%+ '%(

co%/$%ce $ to &-'re er 6'ter 6ro trobe bt e

re6&e( to 'cce(e? t't tere'6ter, !'/$er )'& ter$%'te(

6ro $& e-oe%t )$tot %ot$ce? '%( t't e )'&

%e$ter +$/e% te o--ort%$t to re6te te c'&eK& o6 $&

($&$&&' 6ro )or*.

To &--ort $& 'e+'t$o%&, !'/$er -re&e%te( '% '66$('/$t

o6 o%e Be%+$e 3'e%e' )o 'e+e( t't !'/$er )'& '

&te/e(ore or -'$%'%te o6 Ace 6ro Se-teber 2007

to !'%'r 2008. Te &'$( '66$('/$t )'& &b&cr$be(

be6ore te L'bor Arb$ter :LA;.

or $t& -'rt, Ace '/erre( t't $t )'& e%+'+e( $% te

b&$%e&& o6 $-ort't$o% '%( &'e& o6 +rocer$e&.

Soet$e $% >eceber 2007, !'/$er )'& co%tr'cte( b

$t& e-oee, r. O%+, '& etr' e-er o% ' -'*')

b'&$& 't '% '+ree( r'te o6 @00.00 -er tr$-, )$c )'&

'ter $%cre'&e( to @25.00 $% !'%'r 2008. r. O%+

co%tr'cte( !'/$er ro+ 5 to = t$e& o% $% ' o%t

)e%e/er te /e$ce o6 $t& co%tr'cte( 'er, $'r

'$%+ Ser/$ce&, )'& %ot '/'$'be. O% A-r$ @0, 2008,

Ace %o o%+er %ee(e( te &er/$ce& o6 !'/$er. >e%$%+

t't e )'& te$r e-oee, Ace $%&$&te( t't tere

)'& %o $e+' ($&$&&'.[8] Ace &b$tte( ' co- o6

$t& '+reee%t )$t $'r '$%+ Ser/$ce& '%( co-$e&o6 'c*%o)e(+e%t rece$-t& e/$(e%c$%+ -'e%t to

!'/$er 6or $& co%tr'cte( &er/$ce& be'r$%+ te )or(&,

('$ '%-o)er :-'*')K-$ece r'te -'; '%( te 'tter&

&$+%'tre&K$%$t$'&.

R$%+ o6 te L'bor Arb$ter

O% No/eber 28, 2008, te LA ($&$&&e( te co-'$%t

6or 'c* o6 er$t o% te +ro%( t't !'/$er 6'$e( to

-re&e%t -roo6 t't e )'& ' re+'r e-oee o6 Ace.

e )rote"

Co-'$%'%t '& %o e-oee I> &o)$%+ $&

e-oe%t )$t te Re&-o%(e%t %or '% (oce%t

&o)$%+ t't e rece$/e( te be%e6$t& 'ccor(e( to

re+'r e-oee& o6 te Re&-o%(e%t&. $& co%te%t$o%

t't Re&-o%(e%t 6'$e( to +$/e $ &'$( I> '%( -'&$-&

$-$e& t't $%(ee( e )'& %ot ' re+'r e-oee o6

Ace co%&$(er$%+ t't co-'$%'%t )'& ' e-er '%( t't

Re&-o%(e%t co-'% '& co%tr'cte( ' re+'r trc*$%+

6or te (e$/er o6 $t& -ro(ct&.

Re&-o%(e%t Ace $& %ot e%+'+e( $% trc*$%+ b&$%e&&bt $% te $-ort't$o% '%( &'e& o6 +rocer$e&. S$%ce tere

$& ' re+'r 'er to (e$/er $t& -ro(ct&, )e +$/e

cre(e%ce to Re&-o%(e%t& c'$ t't co-'$%'%t )'&

co%tr'cte( o% -'*$'o b'&$&.

A& to te c'$ 6or %(er-'e%t o6 &''r$e&, te -'ro

-re&e%te( b te Re&-o%(e%t& &o)$%+ &''r$e& o6

)or*er& o% -'*$'o b'&$& '& e/$(e%t$'r )e$+t bec'&e

'to+ te &$+%'tre o6 te co-'$%'%t '--e'r$%+

tereo% 're %ot %$6or, te '--e're( to be $& tre

&$+%'tre.

e%ce, '& co-'$%'%t rece$/e( te r$+t6 &''r '&

&o)% b te 'bo/e (e&cr$be( -'ro&, Re&-o%(e%t&

're %ot $'be 6or &''r ($66ere%t$'&.

R$%+ o6 te NLRC

O% '--e' )$t te NLRC, !'/$er )'& 6'/ore(. It re(

t't te LA &*$rte( te 'r+e%t o6 !'/$er '%(

$e($'te co%c(e( t't e )'& %ot ' re+'r

e-oee &$- bec'&e e 6'$e( to -re&e%t -roo6. It

)'& o6 te /$e) t't ' -'*')b'&$& 'rr'%+ee%t ($( %ot

-rec(e te e$&te%ce o6 e-oere-oee

re't$o%&$-. #'e%t b re&t $& ' eto( o6

co-e%&'t$o% '%( (oe& %ot (e6$%e te e&&e%ce o6 te

re't$o%. It $& ' ere eto( o6 co-t$%+ co-e%&'t$o%,

%ot ' b'&$& 6or (eter$%$%+ te e$&te%ce or 'b&e%ce o6

'% e-oere-oee re't$o%&$-.[10] Te NLRC

6rter '/erre( t't $t ($( %ot 6oo) t't ' )or*er )'& '

Dob co%tr'ctor '%( %ot '% e-oee, D&t bec'&e te

7/25/2019 Art.-97-98 Labor

8/34

8| P a g e

)or* e )'& (o$%+ )'& %ot ($rect re'te( to te

e-oer& tr'(e or b&$%e&& or te )or* ' be

co%&$(ere( '& etr' e-er '& $% t$& c'&e? '%( t't te

re't$o%&$- o6 '% e-oer '%( '% e-oee )'&

(eter$%e( b ') '%( te &'e )o( -re/'$ )'te/er

te -'rt$e& ' c' $t. I% t$& c'&e, te NLRC e( t't

&b&t'%t$' e/$(e%ce )'& &66$c$e%t b'&$& 6or D(+e%t o%te e$&te%ce o6 te e-oere-oee re't$o%&$-.

!'/$er )'& ' re+'r e-oee o6 Ace bec'&e tere

)'& re'&o%'be co%%ect$o% bet)ee% te -'rt$c'r

'ct$/$t -er6ore( b te e-oee :'& ' -'$%'%te; $%

re't$o% to te &' b&$%e&& or tr'(e o6 te e-oer

:$-ort't$o%, &'e& '%( (e$/er o6 +rocer$e&;. e '

%ot be co%&$(ere( '& '% $%(e-e%(e%t co%tr'ctor

bec'&e e co( %ot eerc$&e '% D(+e%t $% te

(e$/er o6 co-'% -ro(ct&. e )'& o% e%+'+e( '&

' e-er.

$%($%+ !'/$er to be ' re+'r e-oee, te NLRC re(

t't e )'& e%t$te( to ' &ecr$t o6 te%re. or 6'$$%+ to

-re&e%t -roo6 o6 ' /'$( c'&e 6or $& ter$%'t$o%, Ace

)'& 6o%( to be $'be 6or $e+' ($&$&&' o6 !'/$er )o

)'& $*e)$&e e%t$te( to b'c*)'+e& '%( &e-'r't$o% -'

$% $e o6 re$%&t'tee%t. Te NLRC t& or(ere("

EREORE, -re$&e& co%&$(ere(, co-'$%'%t&

'--e' $& -'rt$' GRANTE>. Te '&&'$e( >ec$&$o% o6

te 'bor 'rb$ter $& 3ACATE> '%( ' %e) o%e $& ereb

e%tere( o($%+ re&-o%(e%t LJ ACE COR#ORATION

+$t o6 $e+' ($&$&&' '%( %o%-'e%t o6 1@t o%t-'. Co%&ee%t, $t $& ereb or(ere( to -'

co-'$%'%t >ANILO B$to !A3IER te 6oo)$%+"

1. B'c*)'+e& 45,770.8@

2. Se-'r't$o% -', $% $e o6 re$%&t'tee%t 8,450.00

@. U%-'$( 1@t o%t -' :-ro-ort$o%'te; 5,=@@.@@

TOTAL 59,854.1=

A oter c'$& 're ($&$&&e( 6or 'c* o6 er$t.

SO OR>ERE>.

R$%+ o6 te Cort o6 A--e'&

O% 'rc 18, 2010, te CA '%%e( te NLRC 6$%($%+&

t't !'/$er )'& $%(ee( ' 6orer e-oee o6 Ace '%(

re$%&t'te( te ($&$&&' o6 !'/$er& co-'$%t '& or(ere(

b te LA. Te CA eerc$&e( $t& 'tor$t to '*e $t&

o)% 6'ct' (eter$%'t$o% '%e%t te $&&e o6 te

e$&te%ce o6 '% e-oere-oee re't$o%&$-

bet)ee% te -'rt$e&. Accor($%+ to te CA"

I% '% $e+' ($&$&&' c'&e te o%& -rob'%($ re&t& o%

te e-oer to -ro/e t't $t& ($&$&&' )'& 6or ' /'$(

c'&e. o)e/er, be6ore ' c'&e 6or $e+' ($&$&&' c'%

-ro&-er, '% e-oere-oee re't$o%&$- &t 6$r&t be

e&t'b$&e(. $t $& $%cbe%t -o% -r$/'te

re&-o%(e%t to -ro/e te e-oeee-oer re't$o%&$-

b &b&t'%t$' e/$(e%ce.

It $& $%cbe%t -o% -r$/'te re&-o%(e%t to -ro/e, b

&b&t'%t$' e/$(e%ce, t't e $& '% e-oee o6

-et$t$o%er&, bt e 6'$e( to ($&c'r+e $& br(e%. Te

%o%$&&'%ce o6 ' co-'%$&&e( $(e%t$6$c't$o% c'r( to

-r$/'te re&-o%(e%t &--ort& -et$t$o%er& co%te%t$o% t't-r$/'te re&-o%(e%t )'& %ot $t& e-oee.

Te CA $*e)$&e '((e( t't !'/$er& 6'$re to -re&e%t

&''r /ocer&, -'&$-&, or oter -$ece& o6 e/$(e%ce to

bo&ter $& co%te%t$o%, -o$%te( to te $%e&c'-'be

co%c&$o% t't e )'& %ot '% e-oee o6 Ace.

rter, $t 6o%( t't !'/$er& )or* )'& %ot %ece&&'r

'%( (e&$r'be to te b&$%e&& or tr'(e o6 te co-'%,

'& $t )'& o% )e% tere )ere &ce(e( (e$/er$e&,

)$c ' re+'r '$%+ &er/$ce co( %ot (e$/er, t't

Ace )o( co%tr'ct te &er/$ce& o6 !'/$er '& '% etr'

e-er. L'&t, te CA (ec're( t't te 6'ct& 'e+e( b

!'/$er ($( %ot -'&& te co%tro te&t.

e co%tr'cte( )or* ot&$(e te co-'% -re$&e&? e

)'& %ot re$re( to ob&er/e (e6$%$te or& o6 )or*? e

)'& %ot re$re( to re-ort ('$? '%( e )'& 6ree to

'cce-t oter )or* e&e)ere '& tere )'& %o ec&$/$t

o6 $& co%tr'cte( &er/$ce to te co-'%, te &'e

be$%+ coter$%o& )$t te tr$- o%.[1@] S$%ce %o

&b&t'%t$' e/$(e%ce )'& -re&e%te( to e&t'b$& '%

e-oere-oee re't$o%&$-, te c'&e 6or $e+'

($&$&&' co( %ot -ro&-er.

Te -et$t$o%er& o/e( 6or reco%&$(er't$o%, bt to %o

'/'$.

e%ce, t$& '--e' '%core( o% te 6oo)$%+ +ro%(&"

I.

ETER TE ONORABLE COURT O A##EALS

ERRE> IN OL>ING TAT TE #ETITIONER AS

NOT A REGULAR E#LOJEE O LJ ACE.

II.

ETER TE ONORABLE COURT O A##EALS

ERRE> IN OL>ING TAT TE #ETITIONER IS NOTENTITLE> TO IS ONETARJ CLAIS.

Te -et$t$o%er co%te%(& t't oter t'% $t& b're

'e+'t$o%& '%( &e6&er/$%+ '66$('/$t& o6 te oter

e-oee&, Ace '& %ot$%+ to &b&t'%t$'te $t& c'$

t't !'/$er )'& e%+'+e( o% ' -'*') b'&$&. A&&$%+

t't !'/$er )'& $%(ee( $re( o% ' -'*') b'&$&, $t (oe&

%ot -rec(e $& re+'r e-oe%t )$t te co-'%.

E/e% te 'c*%o)e(+e%t rece$-t& be'r$%+ $& &$+%'tre

'%( te co%6$r$%+ rece$-t o6 $& &''r$e& )$ %ot &o)

te tre %'tre o6 $& e-oe%t '& te (o %ot re6ect

te %ece&&'r (et'$& o6 te co$&&$o%e( t'&*.

Be&$(e&, !'/$er& t'&*& '& -'$%'%te 're re'te(,

%ece&&'r '%( (e&$r'be to te $%e o6 b&$%e&& b

Ace )$c $& e%+'+e( $% te $-ort't$o% '%( &'e o6

+rocer $te&. O% ('& )e% tere )ere %o &ce(e(

(e$/er$e&, e )or*e( $% -et$t$o%er& )'reo&e,

'rr'%+$%+ '%( ce'%$%+ te &tore( c'%& 6or (e$/er to

c$e%t&. ore $-ort'%t, !'/$er )'& &bDect to te

co%tro '%( &-er/$&$o% o6 te co-'%, '& e )'& '(e

to re-ort to te o66$ce 6ro o%(' to S'tr(', 6ro

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9| P a g e

7"00 ococ* $% te or%$%+ %t$ 5"00 ococ* $% te

'6ter%oo%. Te $&t o6 (e$/er'be +oo(&, to+eter )$t te

corre&-o%($%+ c$e%t& '%( te$r re&-ect$/e -rc'&e&

'%( '((re&&e&, )o( %ece&&'r$ '/e bee% -re-'re(

b Ace. Ce'r, e )'& &bDecte( to co-$'%ce )$t

co-'% re& '%( re+'t$o%& '& re+'r(& )or*$%+

or&, (e$/er &ce(e '%( ot-t, '%( $& oter (t$e&$% te )'reo&e.

Te -et$t$o%er c$e6 re$e( o% C'/e /. NLRC, )ere

te Cort re( t't -'e%t to ' )or*er o% ' -er tr$-

b'&$& $& %ot &$+%$6$c'%t bec'&e t$& $& ere ' eto(

o6 co-t$%+ co-e%&'t$o% '%( %ot ' b'&$& 6or

(eter$%$%+ te e$&te%ce o6 e-oere-oee

re't$o%&$-. !'/$er $*e)$&e $%/o*e& te re t't, $%

co%tro/er&$e& bet)ee% ' 'borer '%( $& '&ter,

(obt& re'&o%'b 'r$&$%+ 6ro te e/$(e%ce &o( be

re&o/e( $% te 6orer& 6'/or. Te -o$c $& re6ecte( $&

%o e&& t'% te Co%&t$tt$o%, L'bor Co(e '%( C$/$

Co(e.[18]

C'$$%+ to be '% e-oee o6 Ace, -et$t$o%er

'&&ert& t't e )'& $e+' ($&$&&e( b te 'tter&

6'$re to ob&er/e &b&t'%t$/e '%( -roce(r' (e

-roce&&. S$%ce $& ($&$&&' )'& %ot b'&e( o% '% o6

te c'&e& reco+%$e( b '), '%( )'& $-ee%te(

)$tot %ot$ce, !'/$er $& e%t$te( to &e-'r't$o% -' '%(

b'c*)'+e&.

I% $t& Coe%t,[19] Ace $%&$&t& t't tere )'& %o&b&t'%t$' e/$(e%ce to -ro/e e-oere-oee

re't$o%&$-. '/$%+ ' &er/$ce co%tr'ct )$t $'r

'$%+ Ser/$ce& 6or te -r-o&e o6 tr'%&-ort$%+ '%(

(e$/er$%+ co-'% -ro(ct& to c&toer&, Ace

co%tr'cte( !'/$er '& '% etr' e-er or -'$%'%te o% '

ere -er tr$- b'&$&. !'/$er, )o )'& 'ct' ' o$terer $%

te 're', o% 'cco-'%$e( '%( '&&$&te( te co-'%

(r$/er )e% $'r co( %ot (e$/er or )e% te

e$+e%c o6 etr' (e$/er$e& 'r$&e& 6or ro+ 6$/e to &$

t$e& ' o%t. Be6ore '*$%+ ' (e$/er, Ace )o(

tr% o/er to te (r$/er '%( !'/$er te (e$/er /e$ce

)$t $t& o'(e( co-'% -ro(ct&. $t te /e$ce '%(-ro(ct& $% te$r c&to(, te (r$/er '%( !'/$er )o(

e'/e te co-'% -re$&e& &$%+ te$r o)% e'%&,

eto(, be&t D(+e%t '%( ($&cret$o% o% o) to (e$/er,

t$e to (e$/er, )ere '%( [)e%] to &t'rt, '%( '%%er o6

(e$/er$%+ te -ro(ct&.[20]

Ace ($&$&&e& !'/$er& c'$& o6 e-oe%t '&

b'&ee&& '&&ert$o%&. A&$(e 6ro $& b're 'e+'t$o%&, e

-re&e%te( %ot$%+ to &b&t'%t$'te $& &t't& '& '%

e-oee. It $& ' b'&$c re o6 e/$(e%ce t't e'c -'rt

&t -ro/e $& '66$r't$/e 'e+'t$o%. I6 e c'$& ' r$+t

+r'%te( b '), e &t -ro/e $& c'$ b co-ete%t

e/$(e%ce, re$%+ o% te &tre%+t o6 $& o)% e/$(e%ce

'%( %ot -o% te )e'*%e&& o6 $& o--o%e%t. I%/o*$%+

te c'&e o6 Lo-e /. Bo(e+' C$t, Ace $%&$&t& t't $%

'% $e+' ($&$&&' c'&e, te br(e% o6 -roo6 $& -o% te

co-'$%'%t )o c'$& to be '% e-oee. It $&

e&&e%t$' t't '% e-oere-oee re't$o%&$- be

-ro/e( b &b&t'%t$' e/$(e%ce. T&, $t c$te&"

I% '% $e+' ($&$&&' c'&e, te o%& -rob'%($ re&t& o%

te e-oer to -ro/e t't $t& ($&$&&' o6 '% e-oee

)'& 6or ' /'$( c'&e. o)e/er, be6ore ' c'&e 6or $e+'

($&$&&' c'% -ro&-er, '% e-oere-oee

re't$o%&$- &t 6$r&t be e&t'b$&e(.

Ace -o$%t& ot t't !'/$er ere o66er& 6'ct'

'&&ert$o%& t't e )'& '% e-oee o6 Ace, )$c're %6ort%'te %ot &--orte( b -roo6, (oce%t'r

or oter)$&e.[2@] !'/$er &$- '&&e( t't e )'& '%

e-oee o6 Ace, 'b&e%t '% co-ete%t or ree/'%t

e/$(e%ce to &--ort $t. e -er6ore( $& co%tr'cte( )or*

ot&$(e te -re$&e& o6 te re&-o%(e%t? e )'& %ot e/e%

re$re( to re-ort to )or* 't re+'r or&? e )'& %ot

'(e to re+$&ter $& t$e $% '%( t$e ot e/er t$e e

)'& co%tr'cte( to )or*? e )'& %ot &bDecte( to '%

($&c$-$%'r &'%ct$o% $-o&e( to oter e-oee& 6or

co-'% /$o't$o%&? e )'& %ot $&&e( ' co-'% I.>.?

e )'& %ot 'ccor(e( te &'e be%e6$t& +$/e% to oter

e-oee&? e )'& %ot re+$&tere( )$t te Soc$'

Secr$t S&te :SSS; '& -et$t$o%er& e-oee? '%(, e

)'& 6ree to e'/e, 'cce-t '%( e%+'+e $% oter e'%& o6

$/e$oo( '& tere $& %o ec&$/$t o6 $& co%tr'cte(

&er/$ce& )$t te -et$t$o%er, $& &er/$ce& be$%+ co

ter$%& )$t te tr$- o%. A te&e e'( to te

co%c&$o% t't -et$t$o%er $& %ot '% e-oee o6 te

re&-o%(e%t&.[24]

oreo/er, Ace c'$& t't $t '( %o r$+t to co%tro

te re&t, e'%&, '%%er '%( eto(& b )$c !'/$er

)o( -er6or $& )or* or b )$c te &'e $& to be

'cco-$&e(.[25] I% oter )or(&, !'/$er '%( teco-'% (r$/er )ere +$/e% ' 6ree '%( '& to o) te

)o( -er6or te$r co%tr'cte( &er/$ce& '%( %e$ter )ere

te &bDecte( to (e6$%$te or& or co%($t$o% o6 )or*.

Ace $*e)$&e c'$& t't !'/$er& 6%ct$o% '& '

-'$%'%te )'& %ot ($rect re'te( or %ece&&'r to $t&

-r$%c$-' b&$%e&& o6 $-ort't$o% '%( &'e& o6 +rocer$e&.

E/e% )$tot !'/$er, te b&$%e&& co( o-er'te $t& &'

cor&e '& $t ($( %ot $%/o/e te b&$%e&& o6 $%'%(

tr'%&-ort't$o%. L'&t, te 'c*%o)e(+e%t rece$-t&

be'r$%+ !'/$er& &$+%'tre '%( )or(& -'*$'o r'te,

re6err$%+ to $& e'r%e( &''r$e& o% ' -er tr$- b'&$&, '/ee/$(e%t$'r )e$+t t't te LA correct co%&$(ere( $%

'rr$/$%+ 't te co%c&$o% t't !'/$er )'& %ot '%

e-oee o6 te co-'%.

Te Cort '66$r& te '&&'$e( CA (ec$&$o%.

It &t be %ote( t't te $&&e o6 !'/$er& 'e+e( $e+'

($&$&&' $& '%core( o% te e$&te%ce o6 '% e-oer

e-oee re't$o%&$- bet)ee% $ '%( Ace. T$& $&

e&&e%t$' ' e&t$o% o6 6'ct. Ge%er', te Cort (oe&

%ot re/$e) error& t't r'$&e 6'ct' e&t$o%&. o)e/er,

)e% tere $& co%6$ct 'o%+ te 6'ct' 6$%($%+& o6 te

'%tece(e%t (ec$($%+ bo($e& $*e te LA, te NLRC '%(

te CA, $t $& -ro-er, $% te eerc$&e o6 Or e$t

Dr$&($ct$o%, to re/$e) '%( ree/''te te 6'ct' $&&e&

'%( to oo* $%to te recor(& o6 te c'&e '%( ree'$%e

te e&t$o%e( 6$%($%+&. I% (e'$%+ )$t 6'ct' $&&e& $%

'bor c'&e&, &b&t'%t$' e/$(e%ce t't 'o%t o6

ree/'%t e/$(e%ce )$c ' re'&o%'be $%( $+t 'cce-t

'& '(e'te to D&t$6 ' co%c&$o% $& &66$c$e%t.

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A& te recor(& be'r ot, te LA '%( te CA 6o%(

!'/$er& c'$ o6 e-oe%t )$t Ace '& )'%t$%+

'%( (e6$c$e%t. Te Cort $& co%&tr'$%e( to '+ree.

Ato+ Sect$o% 10, Re 3II o6 te Ne) Re& o6

#roce(re o6 te NLRC[28] 'o)& ' re''t$o% o6 te

re& o6 -roce(re '%( e/$(e%ce $% 'bor c'&e&, t$& re

o6 $ber'$t (oe& %ot e'% ' co-ete ($&-e%&'t$o% o6-roo6. L'bor o66$c$'& 're e%Do$%e( to &e re'&o%'be

e'%& to '&cert'$% te 6'ct& &-ee($ '%( obDect$/e

)$t $tte re+'r( to tec%$c'$t$e& or 6or'$t$e& bt

%o)ere $% te re& 're te -ro/$(e( ' $ce%&e to

co-ete ($&co%t e/$(e%ce, or te 'c* o6 $t. Te

'%t o6 -roo6 re$re(, o)e/er, &t &t$ be

&'t$&6$e(. e%ce, )e% co%6ro%te( )$t co%6$ct$%+

/er&$o%& o% 6'ct' 'tter&, $t $& 6or te $% te eerc$&e

o6 ($&cret$o% to (eter$%e )$c -'rt (e&er/e&

cre(e%ce o% te b'&$& o6 e/$(e%ce rece$/e(, &bDect o%

to te re$ree%t t't te$r (ec$&$o% &t be &--orte(

b &b&t'%t$' e/$(e%ce.[29] Accor($%+, te -et$t$o%er

%ee(& to &o) b &b&t'%t$' e/$(e%ce t't e )'&

$%(ee( '% e-oee o6 te co-'% '+'$%&t )$c e

c'$& $e+' ($&$&&'.

E-ecte(, o--o&$%+ -'rt$e& )o( &t'%( -oe& '-'rt

'%( -ro66er 'e+'t$o%& '& ($66ere%t '& c'* '%( cee&e.

It $&, tere6ore, $%cbe%t -o% te Cort to (eter$%e

)eter te -'rt o% )o te br(e% to -ro/e $e& )'&

'be to r(e te &'e. No -'rt$c'r 6or o6 e/$(e%ce

$& re$re( to -ro/e te e$&te%ce o6 &c e-oer

e-oee re't$o%&$-. A% co-ete%t '%( ree/'%te/$(e%ce to -ro/e te re't$o%&$- ' be '($tte(.

e%ce, )$e %o -'rt$c'r 6or o6 e/$(e%ce $& re$re(,

' 6$%($%+ t't &c re't$o%&$- e$&t& &t &t$ re&t o%

&oe &b&t'%t$' e/$(e%ce. oreo/er, te &b&t'%t$'$t

o6 te e/$(e%ce (e-e%(& o% $t& '%t$t't$/e '& )e '& $t&

'$t't$/e '&-ect&. Ato+ &b&t'%t$' e/$(e%ce $& %ot

' 6%ct$o% o6 '%t$t bt r'ter o6 '$t, te

c$rc&t'%ce& o6 te $%&t'%t c'&e (e'%( t't

&oet$%+ ore &o( '/e bee% -ro66ere(. '( tere

bee% oter -roo6& o6 e-oe%t, &c '& $%c&$o%

$% -et$t$o%er& -'ro, or ' ce'r eerc$&e o6 co%tro, te

Cort )o( '/e '66$re( te 6$%($%+ o6 e-oere-oee re't$o%&$-.

I% &, te re o6 tb re'$%&" te o%& -rob'%($

6'& o% -et$t$o%er to e&t'b$& or &b&t'%t$'te &c c'$

b te re$&$te '%t o6 e/$(e%ce. oe/er c'$&

e%t$tee%t to te be%e6$t& -ro/$(e( b ') &o(

e&t'b$& $& or er r$+t tereto .[@@] S'(, !'/$er

6'$e( to '((ce &b&t'%t$' e/$(e%ce '& b'&$& 6or te

+r'%t o6 re$e6.

I% t$& c'&e, te LA '%( te CA bot co%c(e( t't

!'/$er 6'$e( to e&t'b$& $& e-oe%t )$t Ace.

B )' o6 e/$(e%ce o% t$& -o$%t, ' t't !'/$er

-re&e%te( )ere $& &e6&er/$%+ &t'tee%t& -r-orte(

&o)$%+ $& 'ct$/$t$e& '& '% e-oee o6 Ace.

Ce'r, !'/$er 6'$e( to -'&& te &b&t'%t$'$t

re$ree%t to &--ort $& c'$. e%ce, te Cort &ee&

%o re'&o% to (e-'rt 6ro te 6$%($%+& o6 te CA.

$e !'/$er re'$%& 6$r $% $& -o&$t$o% t't '& '%

e-oe( &te/e(ore o6 Ace, e )'& '(e to )or* $%

te co-'% -re$&e& (r$%+ )ee*('& 'rr'%+$%+ '%(

ce'%$%+ +rocer $te& 6or (e$/er to c$e%t&, %o oter

-roo6 )'& &b$tte( to 6ort$6 $& c'$. Te o%e '66$('/$t

eecte( b o%e Be%+$e 3'e%e' )'& %&cce&&6 $%

&tre%+te%$%+ !'/$er& c'&e. I% &'$( (oce%t, '

3'e%e' 'tte&te( to )'& t't e )o( 6ree%t &ee

!'/$er 't te )or*-'ce )ere te 'tter )'& '&o $re('& &te/e(ore.[@4] Cert'$%, $% +'+$%+ te e/$(e%ce

-re&e%te( b !'/$er, te Cort c'%%ot $+%ore te

$%e&c'-'be co%c&$o% t't $& ere -re&e%ce 't te

)or*-'ce 6'& &ort $% -ro/$%+ e-oe%t tere$%. Te

&--ort$%+ '66$('/$t co( '/e, to '% ete%t, bo&tere(

!'/$er& c'$ o6 be$%+ t'&*e( to ce'% +rocer $te&

)e% tere )ere %o &ce(e( (e$/er tr$-&, bt %o

$%6or't$o% )'& o66ere( $% t$& &bDect &$- bec'&e

te )$t%e&& '( %o -er&o%' *%o)e(+e o6 !'/$er&

e-oe%t &t't& $% te co-'%. 3er$, te Cort

c'%%ot 'cce-t !'/$er& &t'tee%t&, oo*, $%e '%( &$%*er.

Te Cort $& o6 te co%&$(er'be /$e) t't o% !'/$er $e&

te br(e% to -'&& te )e&ette( te&t& to (eter$%e te

e$&te%ce o6 '% e-oere-oee re't$o%&$-, /$" :1;

te &eect$o% '%( e%+'+ee%t o6 te e-oee? :2; te

-'e%t o6 )'+e&? :@; te -o)er o6 ($&$&&'? '%( :4;

te -o)er to co%tro te e-oee& co%(ct. O6 te&e

eee%t&, te o&t $-ort'%t cr$ter$o% $& )eter te

e-oer co%tro& or '& re&er/e( te r$+t to co%tro te

e-oee %ot o% '& to te re&t o6 te )or* bt '&o

'& to te e'%& '%( eto(& b )$c te re&t $& to

be 'cco-$&e(.[@5]

I% t$& c'&e, !'/$er )'& %ot 'be to -er&'(e te Cort

t't te 'bo/e eee%t& e$&t $% $& c'&e. e co( %ot

&b$t co-ete%t -roo6 t't Ace e%+'+e( $&

&er/$ce& '& ' re+'r e-oee? t't Ace -'$( $&

)'+e& '& '% e-oee, or t't Ace co( ($ct'te

)'t $& co%(ct &o( be )$e 't )or*. I% oter

)or(&, !'/$er& 'e+'t$o%& ($( %ot e&t'b$& t't $&

re't$o%&$- )$t Ace '( te 'ttr$bte& o6 '%

e-oere-oee re't$o%&$- o% te b'&$& o6 te

'bo/ee%t$o%e( 6or6o( te&t. or&e, !'/$er )'& %ot

'be to re6te Ace& '&&ert$o% t't $t '( '%'+reee%t )$t ' '$%+ co-'% to %(ert'*e te

(e$/er o6 $t& +oo(&. It )'& '&o b'66$%+ to re'$e t't

!'/$er ($( %ot ($&-te Ace& (e%$' o6 $& &er/$ce&

ec&$/$t to te co-'%. I% &ort, ' t't !'/$er '$(

(o)% )ere b're 'e+'t$o%& )$tot corrobor't$/e -roo6.

Ace (oe& %ot ($&-te '/$%+ co%tr'cte( !'/$er '%(

-'$( $ o% ' -er tr$- r'te '& ' &te/e(ore, 'be$t o% '

-'*') b'&$&. Te Cort c'%%ot 6'$ to %ote t't Ace

-re&e%te( (oce%t'r -roo6 t't !'/$er )'& $%(ee(

-'$( o% ' -'*') b'&$& -er te 'c*%o)e(+e%t

rece$-t& '($tte( '& co-ete%t e/$(e%ce b te LA.

U%6ort%'te 6or !'/$er, $& ere (e%$' o6 te

&$+%'tre& '66$e( tere$% c'%%ot 'to't$c' &)' &

to $+%ore te (oce%t& bec'&e 6or+er c'%%ot be

-re&e( '%( &t be -ro/e( b ce'r, -o&$t$/e '%(

co%/$%c$%+ e/$(e%ce '%( te br(e% o6 -roo6 $e& o% te

-'rt 'e+$%+ 6or+er.

Co%&$(er$%+ te 'bo/e 6$%($%+&, te Cort (oe& %ot &ee

te %ece&&$t to re&o/e te &eco%( $&&e -re&e%te(.

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O%e 6$%' %ote. Te Cort& (ec$&$o% (oe& %ot co%tr'($ct

te &ette( re t't -'e%t b te -$ece $& D&t '

eto( o6 co-e%&'t$o% '%( (oe& %ot (e6$%e te

e&&e%ce o6 te re't$o%.[@7] #'e%t o% ' -$ecer'te

b'&$& (oe& %ot %e+'te re+'r e-oe%t. Te ter

)'+e $& bro'( (e6$%e( $% Art$ce 97 o6 te L'bor Co(e

'& re%er't$o% or e'r%$%+&, c'-'be o6 be$%+e-re&&e( $% ter& o6 o%e )eter 6$e( or

'&cert'$%e( o% ' t$e, t'&*, -$ece or co$&&$o% b'&$&.

#'e%t b te -$ece $& D&t ' eto( o6 co-e%&'t$o%

'%( (oe& %ot (e6$%e te e&&e%ce o6 te re't$o%&. Nor

(oe& te 6'ct t't te -et$t$o%er $& %ot co/ere( b te

SSS '66ect te e-oere-oee re't$o%&$-.

o)e/er, $% (eter$%$%+ )eter te re't$o%&$- $& t't

o6 e-oer '%( e-oee or o%e o6 '% $%(e-e%(e%t

co%tr'ctor, e'c c'&e &t be (eter$%e( o% $t& o)%

6'ct& '%( ' te 6e'tre& o6 te re't$o%&$- 're to be

co%&$(ere(.[@8] U%6ort%'te 6or !'/$er, te 'tte%('%t

6'ct& '%( c$rc&t'%ce& o6 te $%&t'%t c'&e (o %ot

-ro/$(e te Cort )$t &66$c$e%t re'&o% to -o( $&

c'$e( &t't& '& e-oee o6 Ace.

$e te Co%&t$tt$o% $& co$tte( to te -o$c o6 &oc$'

D&t$ce '%( te -rotect$o% o6 te )or*$%+ c'&&, $t &o(

%ot be &--o&e( t't e/er 'bor ($&-te )$ be

'to't$c' (ec$(e( $% 6'/or o6 'bor. '%'+ee%t

'&o '& $t& r$+t& )$c 're e%t$te( to re&-ect '%(

e%6orcee%t $% te $%tere&t o6 &$-e 6'$r -'. Ot o6 $t&

co%cer% 6or te e&& -r$/$e+e( $% $6e, te Cort '&

$%c$%e(, ore o6te% t'% %ot, to)'r( te )or*er '%(-e( $& c'&e $% $& co%6$ct& )$t te e-oer. Sc

6'/or$t$&, o)e/er, '& %ot b$%(e( te Cort to te re

t't D&t$ce $& $% e/er c'&e 6or te (e&er/$%+, to be

($&-e%&e( $% te $+t o6 te e&t'b$&e( 6'ct& '%( te

'--$c'be ') '%( (octr$%e.[@9]

EREORE, te -et$t$o% $& >ENIE>. Te 'rc 18,

2010 >ec$&$o% o6 te Cort o6 A--e'& '%( $t& !%e 7,

2010 Re&ot$o%, $% CAG.R. S# No. 109975, 're ereb

AIRE>.

SO OR>ERE>.

SLL INTERNATIONAL v. NLRC

G.R. No. /4-/5/

Mar' -, -*//

> E C I S I O N

EN>OMA, !."

A&&'$e( $% t$& -et$t$o% 6or re/$e) o% cert$or'r$ 're te

!'%'r 11, 200= >ec$&$o%[1] '%( te 'rc @1, 200=

Re&ot$o%[2] o6 te Cort o6 A--e'& :CA;, $% CAG.R.

S# No. 00598 )$c '66$re( )$t o($6$c't$o% te

'rc @1, 2004 >ec$&$o%[@] '%( >eceber 15, 2004

Re&ot$o%[4] o6 te N't$o%' L'bor Re't$o%&

Co$&&$o% :NLRC;. Te NLRC >ec$&$o% 6o%( te

-et$t$o%er&, SLL I%ter%'t$o%' C'be& S-ec$'$&t :SLL;

'%( $t& '%'+er, So%% L. L'+o% :-et$t$o%er&;, %ot $'be

6or te $e+' ($&$&&' o6 Ro('% Lo-e, >'%$o C'ete

'%( E(+'r(o M$+' :-r$/'te re&-o%(e%t&; bt e( te

Do$%t '%( &e/er' $'be 6or -'e%t o6 cert'$%

o%et'r c'$& to &'$( re&-o%(e%t&.

A cro%$ce o6 te 6'ct' '%tece(e%t& '& bee%

&cc$%ct &'r$e( b te CA '& 6oo)&"

Soet$e $% 199=, '%( !'%'r 1997, -r$/'te

re&-o%(e%t& Ro('% Lo-e :Lo-e 6or bre/$t; '%(

>'%$o C'ete :C'ete 6or bre/$t;, '%( E(+'r(o M$+'

:M$+' 6or bre/$t; re&-ect$/e, )ere $re( b -et$t$o%er

L'+o% '& '--re%t$ce or tr'$%ee c'beK$%e'%. Te tree

)ere -'$( te 6 $%$ )'+e '%( oter be%e6$t& bt

&$%ce te )ere o% tr'$%ee&, te ($( %ot re-ort 6or)or* re+'r bt c'e $% '& &b&t$tte& to te re+'r

)or*er& or $% %(ert'*$%+& t't %ee(e( etr' )or*er& to

e-e($te co-et$o% o6 )or*. A6ter te$r tr'$%$%+, M$+',

C'ete '%( Lo-e )ere e%+'+e( '& -roDect e-oee&

b te -et$t$o%er& $% te$r I&'co -roDect $% Boo.

#r$/'te re&-o%(e%t& &t'rte( o% 'rc 15, 1997 %t$

>eceber 1997. U-o% te co-et$o% o6 te$r -roDect,

te$r e-oe%t )'& '&o ter$%'te(. #r$/'te

re&-o%(e%t& rece$/e( te 'o%t o6 #145.00, te

$%$ -re&cr$be( ('$ )'+e 6or Re+$o% 3II. I% !

1997, te 'o%t o6 #145 )'& $%cre'&e( to #150.00 b

te Re+$o%' '+e Bo'r( :RB; '%( $% October o6 te&'e e'r, te 'tter )'& $%cre'&e( to #155.00.

Soet$e $% 'rc 1998, M$+' '%( C'ete )ere

e%+'+e( '+'$% b L'+o% '& -roDect e-oee& 6or $t&

#L>T A%t$-oo, R$' -roDect, )$c e%(e( &oet$e $%

:&$c; te 'te Se-teber 1998. A& ' co%&ee%ce, M$+'

'%( C'ete& e-oe%t )'& ter$%'te(. or t$&

-roDect, M$+' '%( C'ete rece$/e( o% te )'+e o6

#145.00 ('$. Te $%$ -re&cr$be( )'+e 6or R$'

't t't t$e )'& #1=0.00.

Soet$e $% 'te No/eber 1998, -r$/'te re&-o%(e%t&

re'--$e( $% te R'c$teco -roDect o6 L'+o% $% B'c'%.

M$+' '%( C'ete )ere ree-oe(. Lo-e )'& '&o

$re( 6or te &'$( &-ec$6$c -roDect. or t$&, -r$/'te

re&-o%(e%t& rece$/e( te )'+e o6 #145.00. A+'$%, '6ter

te co-et$o% o6 te$r -roDect $% 'rc 1999, -r$/'te

re&-o%(e%t& )e%t oe to Ceb C$t.

O% ' 21, 1999, -r$/'te re&-o%(e%t& 6or te 4t t$e

)or*e( )$t L'+o%& -roDect $% C''r$%, C'ooc'% C$t

)$t r*')' Cor-or't$o% '& te +e%er' co%tr'ctor.

7/25/2019 Art.-97-98 Labor

12/34

12| P a g e

Te$r co%tr'ct )o( e-$re o% ebr'r 28, 2000, te

-er$o( o6 co-et$o% o6 te -roDect. ro ' 21, 1997

>eceber 1999, -r$/'te re&-o%(e%t& rece$/e( te )'+e

o6 #145.00. At t$& t$e, te $%$ -re&cr$be( r'te 6or

'%$' )'& #198.00. I% !'%'r to ebr'r 28, te

tree rece$/e( te )'+e o6 #1=5.00. Te e$&t$%+ r'te 't

t't t$e )'& #21@.00.

or re'&o%& o6 (e' o% te (e$/er o6 $-orte(

'ter$'& 6ro r*')' Cor-or't$o%, te C''r$%

-roDect )'& %ot co-ete( o% te &ce(e( ('te o6

co-et$o%. 'ce[(] )$t eco%o$c -robe[&], L'+o%

)'& co%&tr'$%e( to ct (o)% te o/ert$e )or* o6 $t&

)or*er[&][,] $%c($%+ -r$/'te re&-o%(e%t&. T&, )e%

ree&te( b -r$/'te re&-o%(e%t& o% ebr'r 28, 2000

to )or* o/ert$e, L'+o% re6&e( '%( to( -r$/'te

re&-o%(e%t& t't $6 te $%&$&t, te )o( '/e to +o

oe 't te$r o)% e-e%&e '%( t't te )o( %ot be

+$/e% '%ore t$e %or 'o)e( to &t' $% te 'rter&.

T$& -ro-te( -r$/'te re&-o%(e%t& to e'/e te$r )or*

'%( )e%t oe to Ceb. O% 'rc @, 2000, -r$/'te

re&-o%(e%t& 6$e( ' co-'$%t 6or $e+' ($&$&&', %o%

-'e%t o6 )'+e&, o$(' -', 1@t o%t -' 6or 1997

'%( 1998 '%( &er/$ce $%ce%t$/e e'/e -' '& )e '&

(''+e& '%( 'ttor%e& 6ee&.

I% te$r '%&)er&, -et$t$o%er& '($t e-oe%t o6 -r$/'te

re&-o%(e%t& bt c'$e( t't te 'tter )ere o% -roDect

e-oee&[,] 6or te$r &er/$ce& )ere ere e%+'+e( 6or

' &-ec$6$c -roDect or %(ert'*$%+ '%( te &'e )ereco/ere( b co%tr'ct& ( &$+%e( b -r$/'te

re&-o%(e%t&. #et$t$o%er& 6rter 'e+e( t't te 6oo(

'o)'%ce o6 #=@.00 -er (' '& )e '& -r$/'te

re&-o%(e%t& 'o)'%ce 6or o(+$%+ o&e, tr'%&-ort't$o%,

eectr$c$t, )'ter '%( &%'c*& 'o)'%ce &o( be '((e(

to te$r b'&$c -'. $t te&e, -et$t$o%er& c'$e( t't

-r$/'te re&-o%(e%t& rece$/e( $+er )'+e r'te t'% t't

-re&cr$be( $% R$' '%( '%$'.

L'&t, -et$t$o%er& 'e+e( t't &$%ce te )or*-'ce& o6

-r$/'te re&-o%(e%t& )ere ' $% '%$', te co-'$%t

&o( be 6$e( tere. T&, -et$t$o%er& -r'e( 6or te($&$&&' o6 te co-'$%t 6or 'c* o6 Dr$&($ct$o% '%(

tter 'c* o6 er$t. :C$t't$o%& o$tte(.;

O% !'%'r 18, 2001, L'bor Arb$ter Re%o&o Be'r$%o

:LA; re%(ere( $& (ec$&$o%[5] (ec'r$%+ t't $& o66$ce

'( Dr$&($ct$o% to e'r '%( (ec$(e te co-'$%t 6$e( b

-r$/'te re&-o%(e%t&. Re6err$%+ to Re I3, Sec. 1 :'; o6

te NLRC Re& o6 #roce(re -re/'$$%+ 't t't t$e,[=]

te LA re( t't $t '( Dr$&($ct$o% bec'&e te

)or*-'ce, '& (e6$%e( $% te &'$( re, $%c(e( te -'ce

)ere te e-oee )'& &--o&e( to re-ort b'c* '6ter '

te-or'r (et'$, '&&$+%e%t or tr'/e, )$c $% t$& c'&e

)'& Ceb.

A& to te &t't& o6 te$r e-oe%t, te LA o-$%e( t't

-r$/'te re&-o%(e%t& )ere re+'r e-oee& bec'&e

te )ere re-e'te( $re( b -et$t$o%er& '%( te

-er6ore( 'ct$/$t$e& )$c )ere &', %ece&&'r '%(

(e&$r'be $% te b&$%e&& or tr'(e o6 te e-oer.

$t re+'r( to te %(er-'e%t o6 )'+e&, te LA 6o%(

t't -r$/'te re&-o%(e%t& )ere %(er-'$(. It re( t't te

6ree bo'r( '%( o(+$%+, eectr$c$t, )'ter, '%( 6oo(

e%Doe( b te co( %ot be $%c(e( $% te

co-t't$o% o6 te$r )'+e& bec'&e te&e )ere +$/e%

)$tot te$r )r$tte% co%&e%t.

Te LA, o)e/er, 6o%( t't -et$t$o%er& )ere %ot $'be

6or $e+' ($&$&&'. Te LA /$e)e( -r$/'te re&-o%(e%t&

'ct o6 +o$%+ oe '& '% 'ct o6 $%($66ere%ce )e%

-et$t$o%er& (ec$(e( to -ro$b$t o/ert$e )or*.[7]

I% $t& 'rc @1, 2004 >ec$&$o%, te NLRC '66$re( te

6$%($%+& o6 te LA. I% '(($t$o%, te NLRC %ote( t't %ot '

&$%+e re-ort o6 -roDect co-et$o% )'& 6$e( )$t te

%e're&t #b$c E-oe%t O66$ce '& re$re(

b te >e-'rte%t o6 L'bor '%( E-oe%t :>OLE;

>e-'rte%t Or(er No. 19, Ser$e& o6 199@.[8] Te NLRC

'ter (e%$e([9] te ot$o% 6or reco%&$(er't$o%[10]

&b&ee%t 6$e( b -et$t$o%er&.

e% te 'tter )'& ee/'te( to te CA o% ' -et$t$o% 6or

cert$or'r$, $t '66$re( te 6$%($%+& t't te -r$/'te

re&-o%(e%t& )ere re+'r e-oee&. It co%&$(ere( te

6'ct t't te -er6ore( 6%ct$o%& )$c )ere te re+'r

'%( &' b&$%e&& o6 -et$t$o%er&. Accor($%+ to te CA,

te )ere ce'r eber& o6 ' )or* -oo 6ro )$c

-et$t$o%er& (re) te$r -roDect e-oee&.

Te CA '&o &t'te( t't te 6'$re o6 -et$t$o%er& toco- )$t te &$-e bt co-&or re$ree%t to

&b$t ' re-ort o6 ter$%'t$o% to te %e're&t #b$c

E-oe%t O66$ce e/er t$e -r$/'te re&-o%(e%t&

e-oe%t )'& ter$%'te( )'& -roo6 t't te 'tter

)ere %ot -roDect e-oee& bt re+'r e-oee&.

Te CA $*e)$&e 6o%( t't te -r$/'te re&-o%(e%t& )ere

%(er-'$(. It re( t't te bo'r( '%( o(+$%+, eectr$c$t,

)'ter, '%( 6oo( e%Doe( b te -r$/'te re&-o%(e%t&

co( %ot be $%c(e( $% te co-t't$o% o6 te$r )'+e&

bec'&e te&e )ere +$/e% )$tot te$r )r$tte% co%&e%t.

Te CA '((e( t't te -r$/'te re&-o%(e%t& )ere e%t$te(to 1@t o%t -'.

Te CA '&o '+ree( )$t te NLRC t't tere )'& %o

$e+' ($&$&&'. Te CA o-$%e( t't $t )'& te

-et$t$o%er& -rero+'t$/e to +r'%t or (e% '% ree&t 6or

o/ert$e )or* '%( t't te -r$/'te re&-o%(e%t& 'ct o6

e'/$%+ te )or*-'ce '6ter te$r ree&t )'& (e%$e( )'&

'% 'ct o6 'b'%(o%e%t.

I% o($6$%+ te (ec$&$o% o6 te 'bor tr$b%', o)e/er,

te CA %ote( t't re&-o%(e%t Ro('% Lo-e ($( %ot )or*

$% te A%t$-oo -roDect '%(, t&, )'& %ot e%t$te( to

)'+e ($66ere%t$'&. A&o, $% co-t$%+ te ($66ere%t$'& 6or

te -er$o( !'%'r '%( ebr'r 2000, te CA

($&'+ree( $% te ')'r( o6 ($66ere%t$'& b'&e( o% te

$%$ ('$ )'+e o6 #22@.00, '& te -re/'$$%+

$%$ ('$ )'+e te% )'& o% #21@.00. #et$t$o%er&

&o+t reco%&$(er't$o% bt te CA (e%$e( $t $% $t& 'rc

@1, 200= Re&ot$o%.

7/25/2019 Art.-97-98 Labor

13/34

13| P a g e

I% t$& -et$t$o% 6or re/$e) o% cert$or'r$, -et$t$o%er& &ee*

te re/er&' '%( &ett$%+ '&$(e o6 te CA (ec$&$o%

'%core( o% t$& o%e"

GROUN>K

ASSIGNENT O ERROR

TE #UBLIC RES#ON>ENT NLRC COITTE> A

SERIOUS ERROR IN LA IN AAR>ING AGE

>IERENTIALS TO TE #RI3ATE CO#LAINANTS

ON TE BASES O ERE TECNICALITIES, TAT IS,

OR LACP O RITTEN CONORITJ AN>

LACP O NOTICE TO TE >E#ARTENT O LABOR

AN> E#LOJENT :>OLE;[,] AN> TUS, TE

COURT O A##EALS GRA3ELJ ERRE> IN

AIRING IT O>IICATION TE NLRC

>ECISION IN TE LIGT O TE RULING IN TE

CASE O !ENNJ . AGABON '%( 3IRGILIO AGABON

/&, NLRC, ET AL., GR NO. 1589=@, NO3EBER 17,

2004, 442 SCRA 57@, [AN> SUBSEQUENTLJ IN TE

CASE O GLAO ELLCOE #ILI##INES, INC. 3S.

NAGAPAPAISANG E#LEJA>O NG

ELLCOE>A :NE >A;, ET AL., GR NO. 149@49,

11 ARC 2005], IC IN>S A##LICATION IN

TE INSTANT CASE BJ ANALOGJ.[1@]

#et$t$o%er& re$ter'te( te$r -o&$t$o% t't te /'e o6 te

6'c$$t$e& t't te -r$/'te re&-o%(e%t& e%Doe( &o( be

$%c(e( $% te co-t't$o% o6 te )'+e& rece$/e( b

te. Te 'r+e( t't te r$%+& $% A+'bo% /.NLRC[14]'%( G'o ecoe #$$--$%e&, I%c. /.

N'+*'*'$&'%+ E-e'(o N+ ecoe>A[15] &o(

be '--$e( b '%'o+, $% te &e%&e t't te 'c* o6

)r$tte% 'cce-t'%ce o6 te e-oee& o6 te 6'c$$t$e&

e%Doe( b te &o( %ot e'% t't te /'e o6 te

6'c$$t$e& co( %ot be $%c(e( $% te co-t't$o% o6 te

-r$/'te re&-o%(e%t& )'+e&.

O% No/eber 29, 200=, te Cort re&o/e( to $&&e '

Te-or'r Re&tr'$%$%+ Or(er :TRO; e%Do$%$%+ te -b$c

re&-o%(e%t 6ro e%6orc$%+ te NLRC '%( CA (ec$&$o%&

%t$ 6rter or(er& 6ro te Cort.

A6ter ' toro+ re/$e) o6 te recor(&, o)e/er, te

Cort 6$%(& %o er$t $% te -et$t$o%.

T$& -et$t$o% +e%er' $%/o/e& 6'ct' $&&e&, &c '&,

)eter or %ot tere $& e/$(e%ce o% recor( to &--ort te

6$%($%+& o6 te LA, te NLRC '%( te CA t't -r$/'te

re&-o%(e%t& )ere -roDect or re+'r e-oee& '%( t't

te$r &''r ($66ere%t$'& '( bee% -'$(. T$& c'& 6or '

ree'$%'t$o% o6 te e/$(e%ce, )$c te Cort c'%%ot

e%tert'$%. Sette( $& te re t't 6'ct' 6$%($%+& o6 'bor

o66$c$'&, )o 're (eee( to '/e 'c$re( e-ert$&e $%

'tter& )$t$% te$r re&-ect$/e Dr$&($ct$o%, 're +e%er'

'ccor(e( %ot o% re&-ect bt e/e% 6$%'$t, '%( b$%( te

Cort )e% &--orte( b &b&t'%t$' e/$(e%ce. It $& %ot

te Cort& 6%ct$o% to '&&e&& '%( e/''te te e/$(e%ce

' o/er '+'$%, -'rt$c'r )ere te 6$%($%+& o6 bot te

L'bor tr$b%'& '%( te CA co%cr.

A& ' +e%er' re, o% -'e%t o6 )'+e&, ' -'rt )o

'e+e& -'e%t '& ' (e6e%&e '& te br(e% o6 -ro/$%+

$t. S-ec$6$c' )$t re&-ect to 'bor c'&e&, te br(e% o6

-ro/$%+ -'e%t o6 o%et'r c'$& re&t& o% te

e-oer, te r't$o%'e be$%+ t't te -ert$%e%t

-er&o%%e 6$e&, -'ro&, recor(&, re$tt'%ce& '%( oter

&$$'r (oce%t& )$c )$ &o) t't o/ert$e,

($66ere%t$'&, &er/$ce $%ce%t$/e e'/e '%( oter c'$& o6

)or*er& '/e bee% -'$( 're %ot $% te -o&&e&&$o% o6 te

)or*er bt $% te c&to( '%( 'b&ote co%tro o6 tee-oer.

I% t$& c'&e, -et$t$o%er&, '&$(e 6ro b're 'e+'t$o%& t't

-r$/'te re&-o%(e%t& rece$/e( )'+e& $+er t'% te

-re&cr$be( $%$, 6'$e( to -re&e%t '% e/$(e%ce,

&c '& -'ro or -'&$-&, to &--ort te$r (e6e%&e o6

-'e%t. T&, -et$t$o%er& tter 6'$e( to ($&c'r+e te

o%& -rob'%($.

#r$/'te re&-o%(e%t&, o% te oter '%(, 're e%t$te( to

be -'$( te $%$ )'+e, )eter te 're re+'r or

%o%re+'r e-oee&.

Sect$o% @, Re 3II o6 te Re& to I-ee%t te L'bor

Co(e[19] &-ec$6$c' e%er'te& to&e )o 're %ot

co/ere( b te -'e%t o6 $%$ )'+e. #roDect

e-oee& 're %ot 'o%+ te.

O% )eter te /'e o6 te 6'c$$t$e& &o( be $%c(e(

$% te co-t't$o% o6 te )'+e& rece$/e( b -r$/'te

re&-o%(e%t&, Sect$o% 1 o6 >OLE eor'%( C$rc'r

No. 2 -ro/$(e& t't '% e-oer ' -ro/$(e &b&$($e(

e'& '%( &%'c*& to $& e-oee& -ro/$(e( t't te

&b&$( &' %ot be e&& t't @0 o6 te 6'$r '%(re'&o%'be /'e o6 &c 6'c$$t$e&. I% &c c'&e&, te

e-oer ' (e(ct 6ro te )'+e& o6 te e-oee&

%ot ore t'% 70 o6 te /'e o6 te e'& '%( &%'c*&

e%Doe( b te 'tter, -ro/$(e( t't &c (e(ct$o% $&

)$t te )r$tte% 'tor$'t$o% o6 te e-oee&

co%cer%e(.

oreo/er, be6ore te /'e o6 6'c$$t$e& c'% be (e(cte(

6ro te e-oee& )'+e&, te 6oo)$%+ re$&$te& &t

' be 'tte%('%t" 6$r&t, -roo6 &t be &o)% t't &c

6'c$$t$e& 're c&to'r$ 6r%$&e( b te tr'(e? &eco%(,

te -ro/$&$o% o6 (e(ct$be 6'c$$t$e& &t be /o%t'r$'cce-te( $% )r$t$%+ b te e-oee? '%( 6$%', 6'c$$t$e&

&t be c'r+e( 't re'&o%'be /'e. ere '/'$e%t $&

%ot &66$c$e%t to 'o) (e(ct$o%& 6ro e-oee&

)'+e&.

Te&e re$ree%t&, o)e/er, '/e %ot bee% et $% t$&

c'&e. SLL 6'$e( to -re&e%t '% co-'% -o$c or

+$(e$%e &o)$%+ t't -ro/$&$o%& 6or e'& '%( o(+$%+

)ere -'rt o6 te e-oee& &''r$e&. It '&o 6'$e( to

-ro/$(e -roo6 o6 te e-oee& )r$tte% 'tor$'t$o%,

c e&& &o) o) te 'rr$/e( 't te$r /''t$o%&. At

'% r'te, $t $& %ot e/e% ce'r )eter -r$/'te re&-o%(e%t&

'ct' e%Doe( &'$( 6'c$$t$e&.

Te Cort, 't t$& -o$%t, '*e& ' ($&t$%ct$o% bet)ee%

6'c$$t$e& '%( &--ee%t&. It $& o6 te /$e) t't te 6oo(

'%( o(+$%+, or te eectr$c$t '%( )'ter 'e+e(

co%&e( b -r$/'te re&-o%(e%t& $% t$& c'&e )ere %ot

6'c$$t$e& bt &--ee%t&. I% te c'&e o6 Ato*B$+ e(+e

A&&%. /. Ato*B$+ e(+e Co.,[22] te t)o ter& )ere

($&t$%+$&e( 6ro o%e '%oter $% t$& )$&e"

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14| P a g e

S--ee%t&, tere6ore, co%&t$tte etr' re%er't$o%

or &-ec$' -r$/$e+e& or be%e6$t& +$/e% to or rece$/e( b

te 'borer& o/er '%( 'bo/e te$r or($%'r e'r%$%+& or

)'+e&. 'c$$t$e&, o% te oter '%(, 're $te& o6

e-e%&e %ece&&'r 6or te 'borer& '%( $& 6'$&

e$&te%ce '%( &b&$&te%ce &o t't b e-re&& -ro/$&$o%o6 ') :Sec. 2[+];, te 6or -'rt o6 te )'+e '%( )e%

6r%$&e( b te e-oer 're (e(ct$be tere6ro,

&$%ce $6 te 're %ot &o 6r%$&e(, te 'borer )o(

&-e%( '%( -' 6or te D&t te &'e.

I% &ort, te be%e6$t or -r$/$e+e +$/e% to te e-oee

)$c co%&t$tte& '% etr' re%er't$o% 'bo/e '%( o/er

$& b'&$c or or($%'r e'r%$%+ or )'+e $& &--ee%t? '%(

)e% &'$( be%e6$t or -r$/$e+e $& -'rt o6 te 'borer&

b'&$c )'+e&, $t $& ' 6'c$$t. Te ($&t$%ct$o% $e& %ot &o

c $% te *$%( o6 be%e6$t or $te :6oo(, o(+$%+, bo%&

or &$c* e'/e; +$/e%, bt $% te -r-o&e 6or )$c $t $&

+$/e%.[2@] I% te c'&e 't be%c, te $te& -ro/$(e( )ere

+$/e% 6ree b SLL 6or te -r-o&e o6 '$%t'$%$%+ te

e66$c$e%c '%( e't o6 $t& )or*er& )$e te )ere

)or*$%+ 't te$r re&-ect$/e -roDect&.

or &'$( re'&o%, te c'&e& o6 A+'bo% '%( G'o 're

$%'--$c'be $% t$& c'&e. At '% r'te, te&e )ere c'&e&

o6 ($&$&&' )$t D&t '%( 'tor$e( c'&e&. Te

-re&e%t c'&e $%/o/e& te 'tter o6 te 6'$re o6 te

-et$t$o%er& to co- )$t te -'e%t o6 te -re&cr$be(

$%$ )'+e.

Te Cort &&t'$%& te (eet$o% o6 te ')'r( o6

($66ere%t$'& )$t re&-ect to re&-o%(e%t Ro('% Lo-e.

A& correct -o$%te( ot b te CA, e ($( %ot )or* 6or

te -roDect $% A%t$-oo.

EREORE, te -et$t$o% $& >ENIE>. Te te-or'r

re&tr'$%$%+ or(er $&&e( b te Cort o% No/eber 29,

200= $& (eee(, '& $t $& ereb or(ere(, >ISSOL3E>.

SO OR>ERE>.

MAYON HOTEL v. AANA

G.R. No. /)456

Ma3 /5, -**)

> E C I S I O N

#UNO, !."

T$& $& ' -et$t$o% 6or cert$or'r$ to re/er&e '%( &et '&$(e

te >ec$&$o% $&&e( b te Cort o6 A--e'& :CA;[1] $%

CAG.R. S# No. =8=42, e%t$te( Ro'%(o A('%',e%e6re(o Lo/ere&, et. '. /&. N't$o%' L'bor Re't$o%&

Co$&&$o% :NLRC;, 'o% ote Re&t'r'%tK#'c$t'

O. #o, et '., '%( te Re&ot$o%[2] (e%$%+ -et$t$o%er&

ot$o% 6or reco%&$(er't$o%. Te '&&'$e( CA (ec$&$o%

re/er&e( te NLRC >ec$&$o% )$c '( ($&$&&e( ' o6

re&-o%(e%t& co-'$%t&,[@] '%( re$%&t'te( te !o$%t

>ec$&$o% o6 te L'bor Arb$ter[4] )$c re( t't

re&-o%(e%t& )ere $e+' ($&$&&e( '%( e%t$te( to te$r

o%e c'$&.

Te 6'ct&, ce( 6ro te recor(&, 're '& 6oo)&"[5]

#et$t$o%er 'o% ote Re&t'r'%t $& ' &$%+e

-ro-r$etor b&$%e&& re+$&tere( $% te %'e o6 -et$t$o%er

#'c$t' O. #o,[=] )o&e oter, -et$t$o%er !o&e6' #o

L', '%'+e& te e&t'b$&e%t.[7] Te ote '%(

re&t'r'%t e-oe( 'bot &$tee% :1=; e-oee&.

Recor(& &o) t't o% /'r$o& ('te& &t'rt$%+ $% 1981,

-et$t$o%er ote '%( re&t'r'%t $re( te 6oo)$%+ -eo-e,

' re&-o%(e%t& $% t$& c'&e, )$t te 6oo)$%+ Dob&"[8]

1. e%e6re(o Lo/ere& Acco%t'%t '%( O66$cer$%c'r+e

2. #'ter%o L're%' ro%t >e&* Cer*

@. Gre+or$o N$cer$o S-er/$&or '$ter

4. A'(o 'c'%(o+ Roobo

5. L$& G'(e& Ut$$tK'$%te%'%ce or*er

=. S'%to& Broo' Roobo

7. Teo(oro L're%'r$' '$ter

8. E('r(o A''re& RooboK'$ter

9. Lor(e& C'$+' C'&$er

10. Co%' B'' C'&$er

11. !o&e Atr'ct$/o Tec%$c$'%

12. A'(o A''re& >$&)'&er '%( P$tce% e-er

1@. Ro+er Brce Coo*

14. Ro'%(o A('%' '$ter

15. $+e Torre6r'%c' Coo*

1=. E(+'r(o Torre6r'%c' Coo*

>e to te e-$r't$o% '%( %o%re%e)' o6 te e'&e

co%tr'ct 6or te re%te( &-'ce occ-$e( b te &'$( ote

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'%( re&t'r'%t 't R$' Street, te ote o-er't$o%& o6 te

b&$%e&& )ere &&-e%(e( o% 'rc @1, 1997.[9] Te

o-er't$o% o6 te re&t'r'%t )'& co%t$%e( $% $t& %e)

oc't$o% 't E$o%(o Street, Le+'-$ C$t, )$e )'$t$%+

6or te co%&trct$o% o6 ' %e) 'o% ote Re&t'r'%t

't #e'r'%(' Street, Le+'-$ C$t. O% %$%e :9; o6 te

&$tee% :1=; e-oee& co%t$%e( )or*$%+ $% te 'o%Re&t'r'%t 't $t& %e) &$te.[11]

O% /'r$o& ('te& o6 A-r$ '%( ' 1997, te 1=

e-oee& 6$e( co-'$%t& 6or %(er-'e%t o6 )'+e&

'%( oter o%e c'$& '+'$%&t -et$t$o%er&, '& 6oo)&"

[12]

e%e6re(o Lo/ere&, L$& G'(e&, A'(o 'c'%(o+

'%( !o&e Atr'ct$/o 6or $e+' ($&$&&', %(er-'e%t o6

)'+e&, %o%-'e%t o6 o$(' '%( re&t (' -'? &er/$ce

$%ce%t$/e e'/e -' :SIL#; '%( c'$& 6or &e-'r't$o%

-' -& (''+e&?

#'ter%o L're%' '%( Gre+or$o N$cer$o 6or $e+'

($&$&&' )$t c'$& 6or %(er-'e%t o6 )'+e&?

%o%-'e%t o6 co&t o6 $/$%+ 'o)'%ce :COLA; '%(

o/ert$e -'? -re$ -' 6or o$(' '%( re&t ('?

SIL#? %$+t&$6t ($66ere%t$' -' '%( &e-'r't$o% -' -&

(''+e&?

$+e Torre6r'%c', Co%' B'' '%( Lor(e&

C'$+' 6or %(er-'e%t o6 )'+e&? %o%-'e%t o6

o$(' '%( re&t (' -' '%( SIL#?

Ro'%(o A('%', Ro+er Brce '%( A'(o A''re& 6or

%(er-'e%t o6 )'+e&? %o%-'e%t o6 COLA,

o/ert$e, o$(', re&t (', SIL# '%( %$+t&$6t

($66ere%t$' -'?

E('r(o A''re& 6or %(er-'e%t o6 )'+e&,

%o%-'e%t o6 o$(', re&t (' '%( SIL# '%( %$+t &$6t

($66ere%t$' -'?

S'%to& Broo' 6or $e+' ($&$&&', %(er-'e%t o6

)'+e&, o/ert$e -', re&t (' -', o$(' -', SIL#,'%( (''+e&?[1@] '%(

Teo(oro L're%'r$' 6or %(er-'e%t o6 )'+e&?

%o%-'e%t o6 COLA '%( o/ert$e -'? -re$ -'

6or o$(' '%( re&t (', '%( SIL#.

O% ! 14, 2000, Eect$/e L'bor Arb$ter Ge'c$o L.

R$/er', !r. re%(ere( ' !o$%t >ec$&$o% $% 6'/or o6 te

e-oee&. Te L'bor Arb$ter ')'r(e( &b&t'%t$' '

o6 re&-o%(e%t& o%e c'$&, '%( e( t't re&-o%(e%t&

Lo/ere&, 'c'%(o+ '%( L're%' )ere e%t$te( to

&e-'r't$o% -', )$e re&-o%(e%t& G'(e&, N$cer$o '%(

A''re& )ere e%t$te( to te$r ret$ree%t -'. Te

L'bor Arb$ter '&o e( t't b'&e( o% te e/$(e%ce

-re&e%te(, !o&e6' #o L' $& te o)%erK-ro-r$etor o6

'o% ote Re&t'r'%t '%( te -ro-er re&-o%(e%t $%

te&e c'&e&.

O% '--e' to te NLRC, te (ec$&$o% o6 te L'bor Arb$ter

)'& re/er&e(, '%( ' te co-'$%t& )ere ($&$&&e(.

Re&-o%(e%t& 6$e( ' ot$o% 6or reco%&$(er't$o% )$t te

NLRC '%( )e% t$& )'& (e%$e(, te 6$e( ' -et$t$o% 6or

cert$or'r$ )$t te CA )$c re%(ere( te %o) '&&'$e(

(ec$&$o%.

A6ter te$r ot$o% 6or reco%&$(er't$o% )'& (e%$e(,

-et$t$o%er& %o) coe to t$& Cort, &ee*$%+ te re/er&'o6 te CA (ec$&$o% o% te 6oo)$%+ +ro%(&"

I. TE ONORABLE COURT O A##EALS ERRE>

IN RE3ERSING TE >ECISION O TE NATIONAL

LABOR RELATIONS COISSION :SECON>

>I3ISION; BJ OL>ING TAT TE IN>INGS O

ACT O TE NLRC ERE NOT SU##ORTE> BJ

SUBSTANTIAL E3I>ENCE >ES#ITE A#LE AN>

SUICIENT E3I>ENCE SOING TAT TE NLRC

>ECISION IS IN>EE> SU##ORTE> BJ

SUBSTANTIAL E3I>ENCE?

II. TE ONORABLE COURT O A##EALS ERRE>

IN U#OL>ING TE !OINT >ECISION O TE

LABOR ARBITER IC RULE> TAT #RI3ATE

RES#ON>ENTS ERE ILLEGALLJ >ISISSE>

RO TEIR E#LOJENT, >ES#ITE TE ACT

TAT TE REASON J #RI3ATE RES#ON>ENTS

ERE OUT O ORP AS NOT >UE TO TE AULT

O #ETITIONERS BUT TO CAUSES BEJON> TE

CONTROL O #ETITIONERS.

III. TE ONORABLE COURT O A##EALS ERRE>IN U#OL>ING TE AAR> O ONETARJ

BENEITS BJ TE LABOR ARBITER IN IS !OINT

>ECISION IN A3OR O TE #RI3ATE

RES#ON>ENTS, INCLU>ING TE AAR> O

>AAGES TO SI :=; O TE #RI3ATE

RES#ON>ENTS, >ES#ITE TE ACT TAT TE

#RI3ATE RES#ON>ENTS A3E NOT #RO3EN BJ

SUBSTANTIAL E3I>ENCE TEIR ENTITLEENT

TERETO AN> ES#ECIALLJ TE ACT TAT TEJ

ERE NOT ILLEGALLJ >ISISSE> BJ TE

#ETITIONERS.

I3. TE ONORABLE COURT O A##EALS ERRE>

IN OL>ING TAT #ACITA ONG #O IS TE ONER

O TE BUSINESS ESTABLISENT, #ETITIONER

AJON OTEL AN> RESTAURANT, TUS

>ISREGAR>ING TE CERTIICATE O

REGISTRATION O TE BUSINESS

ESTABLISENT ISSUE> BJ TE LOCAL

GO3ERNENT, IC IS A #UBLIC >OCUENT,

AN> TE UNQUALIIE> A>ISSIONS O

CO#LAINANTS#RI3ATE RES#ON>ENTS.[14]

I% e&&e%ce, te -et$t$o% c'& 6or ' re/$e) o6 te 6oo)$%+

$&&e&"

1. '& $t correct 6or -et$t$o%er !o&e6' #o L' to be

e( $'be '& te o)%er o6 -et$t$o%er 'o% ote

Re&t'r'%t, '%( te -ro-er re&-o%(e%t $% t$& c'&e

2. ere re&-o%(e%t& Lo/ere&, G'(e&, 'c'%(o+,

Atr'ct$/o, L're%' '%( N$cer$o $e+' ($&$&&e(

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16| P a g e

@. Are re&-o%(e%t& e%t$te( to te$r o%e c'$& (e

to %(er-'e%t o6 )'+e&, '%( %o%-'e%t o6 o$('

-', re&t (' -re$, SIL#, COLA, o/ert$e -', '%(

%$+t &$6t ($66ere%t$' -'

It $& -et$t$o%er& co%te%t$o% t't te 'bo/e $&&e& '/e

're'( bee% tre&e( ot &66$c$e%t '%( (e6$%$t$/e bte NLRC. Te tere6ore '&&'$ te CA& re/er&' o6 te

NLRC (ec$&$o%, c'$$%+ t't b'&e( o% te r$%+ $%

C'&t$o /. NLRC, $t $& %o% &e$tr t't te CA &o( re

e'$%e te 6'ct' 6$%($%+& o6 bot te NLRC '%( te

L'bor Arb$ter, e&-ec$' '& $% t$& c'&e te NLRC&

6$%($%+& 're 'e+e( &--orte( b &b&t'%t$' e/$(e%ce.

e (o %ot '+ree.

Tere $& %o (e%$%+ t't $t $& )$t$% te NLRC&

co-ete%ce, '& '% '--e'te '+e%c re/$e)$%+

(ec$&$o%& o6 L'bor Arb$ter&, to ($&'+ree )$t '%( &et

'&$(e te 'tter& 6$%($%+&.[1=] Bt $t &t'%(& to re'&o% t't

te NLRC &o( &t'te '% 'cce-t'be c'&e tere6ore,

oter)$&e $t )o( be ' )$&$c', c'-r$c$o&,

o--re&&$/e, $o+$c', %re'&o%'be eerc$&e o6 '&$

D($c$' -rero+'t$/e, &bDect to $%/'$('t$o% b te

etr'or($%'r )r$t o6 cert$or'r$.[17] A%( )e% te 6'ct'

6$%($%+& o6 te L'bor Arb$ter '%( te NLRC 're

($'etr$c' o--o&e( '%( t$& ($&-'r$t o6 6$%($%+& $&

c'e( $%to e&t$o%, tere $&, %ece&&'r$, ' re

e'$%'t$o% o6 te 6'ct' 6$%($%+& to '&cert'$% )$c

o-$%$o% &o( be &&t'$%e(.[18] A& re( $% A&%c$o% /.NLRC,[19]

Ato+, $t $& ' e+' te%et t't 6'ct' 6$%($%+& o6

'($%$&tr't$/e bo($e& 're e%t$te( to +re't )e$+t '%(

re&-ect, )e 're co%&tr'$%e( to t'*e ' &eco%( oo* 't te

6'ct& be6ore & bec'&e o6 te ($/er&$t $% te o-$%$o%& o6

te L'bor Arb$ter '%( te NLRC. A ($&'ro% bet)ee%

te 6'ct' 6$%($%+& o6 te L'bor Arb$ter '%( to&e o6 te

NLRC o-e%& te (oor to ' re/$e) tereo6 b t$& Cort.

[20]

Te CA, tere6ore, ($( %ot err $% re/$e)$%+ te recor(& to(eter$%e )$c o-$%$o% )'& &--orte( b &b&t'%t$'

e/$(e%ce.

oreo/er, $t $& e-$c$t $% C'&t$o /. NLRC[21] t't 6'ct'

6$%($%+& o6 '($%$&tr't$/e bo($e& $*e te NLRC 're

'66$re( o% $6 te 're &--orte( b &b&t'%t$'

e/$(e%ce t't $& '%$6e&t $% te (ec$&$o% '%( o% te

recor(&. A& &t'te( $% C'&t$o"

[A]b&e o6 ($&cret$o% (oe& %ot %ece&&'r$ 6oo) 6ro '

re/er&' b te NLRC o6 ' (ec$&$o% o6 ' L'bor Arb$ter.

ere /'r$'%ce $% e/$(e%t$'r '&&e&&e%t bet)ee% te

NLRC '%( te L'bor Arb$ter (oe& %ot 'to't$c' c'

6or ' 6 re/$e) o6 te 6'ct& b t$& Cort. Te NLRC&

(ec$&$o%, &o o%+ '& $t $& %ot bere6t o6 &b&t'%t$' &--ort

6ro te recor(&, (e&er/e& re&-ect 6ro t$& Cort. A& '

re, te or$+$%' '%( ec&$/e Dr$&($ct$o% to re/$e) '

(ec$&$o% or re&ot$o% o6 re&-o%(e%t NLRC $% ' -et$t$o%

6or cert$or'r$ %(er Re =5 o6 te Re& o6 Cort (oe&

%ot $%c(e ' correct$o% o6 $t& e/''t$o% o6 te e/$(e%ce

bt $& co%6$%e( to $&&e& o6 Dr$&($ct$o% or +r'/e 'b&e o6

($&cret$o%. T&, te NLRC& 6'ct' 6$%($%+&, $6

&--orte( b &b&t'%t$' e/$(e%ce, 're e%t$te( to +re't

re&-ect '%( e/e% 6$%'$t, %e&& -et$t$o%er $& 'be to

&o) t't $t &$- '%( 'rb$tr'r$ ($&re+'r(e( te

e/$(e%ce be6ore $t or '( $&'--rec$'te( te e/$(e%ce to

&c '% ete%t '& to co-e ' co%tr'r co%c&$o% $6

&c e/$(e%ce '( bee% -ro-er '--rec$'te(. :c$t't$o%&o$tte(;

A6ter c're6 re/$e), )e 6$%( t't te re/er&' o6 te

NLRC& (ec$&$o% )'& $% or(er -rec$&e bec'&e $t )'&

%ot &--orte( b &b&t'%t$' e/$(e%ce.

1. O)%er&$- b !o&e6' #o L'

Te L'bor Arb$ter re( t't '& re+'r(& te c'$& o6 te

e-oee&, -et$t$o%er !o&e6' #o L' $&, $% 6'ct, te

o)%er o6 'o% ote Re&t'r'%t. Ato+ te NLRC

re/er&e( t$& (ec$&$o%, te CA, o% re/$e), '+ree( )$t

te L'bor Arb$ter t't %ot)$t&t'%($%+ te cert$6$c'te o6

re+$&tr't$o% $% te %'e o6 #'c$t' #o, $t $& !o&e6' #o L'

)o $& te o)%erK-ro-r$etor o6 'o% ote

Re&t'r'%t, '%( te -ro-er re&-o%(e%t $% te co-'$%t&

6$e( b te e-oee&. Te CA (ec$&$o% &t'te& $% -'rt"

[>e&-$te] te e$&te%ce o6 te Cert$6$c'te o6 Re+$&tr't$o%

$% te %'e o6 #'c$t' #o, )e c'%%ot 6't te 'bor

'rb$ter $% r$%+ t't !o&e6' #o L' $& te o)%er o6 te

&bDect ote '%( re&t'r'%t. Tere )ere co%6$ct$%+

(oce%t& &b$tte( b !o&e6' er&e6. Se )'&or(ere( to &b$t '(($t$o%' (oce%t& to ce'r

e&t'b$& o)%er&$- o6 te ote '%( re&t'r'%t,

co%&$(er$%+ te te&t$o%$e& +$/e% b te [re&-o%(e%t&]

'%( te %o%'--e'r'%ce '%( 6'$re to &b$t er o)%

-o&$t$o% -'-er b #'c$t' #o. Bt !o&e6' ($( %ot co-

)$t te ($rect$/e o6 te L'bor Arb$ter. Te r$%+ o6 te

S-ree Cort $% etro-o$t'% B'%* '%( Tr&t Co-'%

/. Cort o6 A--e'& '--$e& to !o&e6' #o L' )$c $&

&t'te( $% t$& )$&e"

e% te e/$(e%ce te%(& to -ro/e ' 'ter$' 6'ct )$c

$-o&e& ' $'b$$t o% ' -'rt, '%( e '& $t $% $& -o)erto -ro(ce e/$(e%ce )$c 6ro $t& /er %'tre &t

o/ertro) te c'&e '(e '+'$%&t $ $6 $t $& %ot 6o%(e(

o% 6'ct, '%( e re6&e& to -ro(ce &c e/$(e%ce, te

-re&-t$o% 'r$&e& t't te e/$(e%ce[,] $6 -ro(ce(,

)o( o-er'te to $& -reD($ce, '%( &--ort te c'&e o6

$& '(/er&'r.

rterore, $% r$%+ t't !o&e6' #o L' $& te re'

o)%er o6 te ote '%( re&t'r'%t, te 'bor 'rb$ter re$e(

'&o o% te te&t$o%$e& o6 te )$t%e&&e&, (r$%+ te

e'r$%+ o6 te $%&t'%t c'&e. e% te co%c&$o%& o6 te

'bor 'rb$ter 're &66$c$e%t corrobor'te( b e/$(e%ce o%

recor(, te &'e &o( be re&-ecte( b '--e'te

tr$b%'&, &$%ce e $& $% ' better -o&$t$o% to '&&e&& '%(

e/''te te cre($b$$t o6 te co%te%($%+ -'rt$e&.

:c$t't$o%& o$tte(;

#et$t$o%er& $%&$&t t't $t )'& error 6or te L'bor Arb$ter

'%( te CA to '/e re( t't -et$t$o%er !o&e6' #o L'

$& te o)%er o6 'o% ote Re&t'r'%t. Te 'e+e

t't te (oce%t& te &b$tte( to te L'bor Arb$ter

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17| P a g e

&66$c$e%t '%( ce'r e&t'b$& te 6'ct o6 o)%er&$- b

-et$t$o%er #'c$t' #o, '%( %ot er oter, -et$t$o%er

!o&e6' #o L'. Te co%te%( t't -et$t$o%er !o&e6' #o

L'& -'rt$c$-'t$o% )'& $$te( to ere :'; be$%+ te

o/er&eer? :b; rece$/$%+ te o%ttoo%t '%(Kor e'r

toe'r 6$%'%c$' re-ort& -re-'re( '%( &b$tte( b

re&-o%(e%t Lo/ere&? '%( :c; /$&$t't$o% o6 te -re$&e&.[24] Te '&o -t e-'&$& o% te '($&&$o% o6 te

re&-o%(e%t& $% te$r -o&$t$o% -'-er &b$tte( to te

L'bor Arb$ter, $(e%t$6$%+ -et$t$o%er !o&e6' #o L' '& te

'%'+er, '%( #'c$t' #o '& te o)%er.[25] T$&, te

c'$, $& ' D($c$' '($&&$o% '%( $& b$%($%+ o%

re&-o%(e%t&. Te -rote&t te re$'%ce te L'bor Arb$ter

'%( te CA -'ce( o% te$r 6'$re to &b$t '(($t$o%'

(oce%t& to ce'r e&t'b$& o)%er&$- o6 te ote

'%( re&t'r'%t, c'$$%+ t't tere )'& %o %ee( 6or

-et$t$o%er !o&e6' #o L' to &b$t '(($t$o%' (oce%t&

co%&$(er$%+ t't te Cert$6$c'te o6 Re+$&tr't$o% $& te be&t

'%( -r$'r e/$(e%ce o6 o)%er&$-.

e ($&'+ree )$t -et$t$o%er&. e '/e &crt$%$e( te

recor(& '%( 6$%( te c'$ t't -et$t$o%er !o&e6' #o L'

$& ere te o/er&eer $& %ot bor%e ot b te e/$(e%ce.

$r&t. It $& &$+%$6$c'%t t't o% !o&e6' #o L' '--e're(

$% te -rocee($%+& )$t te L'bor Arb$ter. >e&-$te

rece$-t o6 te L'bor Arb$ter& %ot$ce '%( &o%&, oter

%ot$ce& '%( Or(er&, -et$t$o%er #'c$t' #o 6'$e( to '--e'r

$% '% o6 te -rocee($%+& )$t te L'bor Arb$ter $% te&e

c'&e&, %or 6$e er -o&$t$o% -'-er.[2=] It )'& o% o%'--e' )$t te NLRC t't #'c$t' #o &$+%e( te

-e'($%+&.[27] Te '-'t &o)% b -et$t$o%er #'c$t' #o

$& co%tr'r to '% e-er$e%ce '& o%e )o( t$%* t't

te o)%er o6 '% e&t'b$&e%t )o( %'tr' be

co%cer%e( )e% ALL er e-oee& 6$e co-'$%t&

'+'$%&t er.

Seco%(. Te recor(& o6 te c'&e be$e -et$t$o%er !o&e6'

#o L'& c'$ t't &e $& ere '% o/er&eer. Te

6$%($%+& o6 te L'bor Arb$ter o% t$& e&t$o% )ere b'&e(

o% cre($be, co-ete%t '%( &b&t'%t$' e/$(e%ce. e

'+'$% ote te !o$%t >ec$&$o% o% t$& 'tter"

'o% ote '%( Re&t'r'%t $& ' [b&$%e&& %'e] o6 '%

e%ter-r$&e. $e [-et$t$o%er] !o&e6' #o L' c'$& t't

$t $& er ('+ter, #'c$t' #o, )o o)%& te ote '%(

re&t'r'%t )e% te 'tter -rc'&e( te &'e 6ro o%e

#''%o& $% 1981, !o&e6' 6'$e( to &b$t te (oce%t o6

&'e 6ro &'$( #''%o&a