Anales - DIPLOMÁTICO Y MILITAR DE LA GUERRA DEL PARAGUAY - TOMO II - Paraguay - PortalGuarani

7/31/2019 Anales - DIPLOMTICO Y MILITAR DE LA GUERRA DEL PARAGUAY - TOMO II - Paraguay - PortalGuarani

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Avcakvlk Fcblzcx IBIECX JLPEKOIZLHK \ OLELZIV jc ei Ascvvi jce Piviasi|

Flfelkzchi ^lvzsie jce Piviasi| 9

^ke~cv ie Lbjlhc

IBIECX

Jlpekozlhk | Olelzivjc ei

Ascvvi jce Piviasi|

Zkok LL

pkvAVCAKVLK FCBLZCX

Ct pecblpkzcbhlivlk piviasi|k hcvhi jc ~ivlix pkzcbhlix

jc Csvkpi | Iovlhi

IXSBHLB

Cxzifechlolcbzk Zlpkavnlhk jc OSKW Dbkx"9

Cjlhlb Jlalzie

FLFELKZCHI ^LVZSIE JCE PIVIASI\

dzzp7++qqq"f~p"kva"p|

Xczlcofvc 6003

qqq"pkvzieasivibl"hko
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HIPLZSEK L

Olxlb ie Pihnlhk

L

Kpkvzsbi olxlb" Bk xc eec~ i cnchzk" Kfgchlkbcx jce Cbhivaijk jc Bcakhlkx" Pieifvi jce

Xckv Colelk Fkblniw" Nvizcvbie xlopizi" Zctzk jc ei bkzi jc Epcw jc Khzsfvc 91 jc 94>>" Fsxhi

ihscvjk jc zkjkx" Cb~lijk ie xchvczivlk jc ei ecaihlb" Hvcjcbhliecx pivi Cxzijkx Sbljkx"Bkzi

jce Oivlxhie Epcw% Oivwk 6> 94>1" Cxocvk cb ei vceihlb jc ekx iacbzcx hdlecbkx" Xspkxlhlb jc

Epcw" Ocjlihlb lbnvshzskxi" ^ipkv Qixp" Bkofviolcbzk pivi Qixdlbazkb" Ljci peisxlfec

nvsxzviji"

Cb ~lxzi jce ok~lolcbzk jc kpkxlhlb ni~kvifec ie Piviasi| cb eix

vcpfelhix dcvoibix jce Pihnlhk% ce Pvcxljcbzc Oivlxhie Epcw% kvjcb i xs

Cbhivaijk jc Bcakhlkx ysc jcxpihdivi ie Xchvczivlk jc ei ecaihlb $ce iszkv

jc cxzix ebcix, i ekx Cxzijkx jce Pihnlhk cb olxlb cxpchlie" Ce okocbzk bk

pkji xcv ox kpkvzsbk% | oshdk xc difvi pkjljk kfzcbcv jc ekx dcvoibkx jc

ieecbjc Hkvjleecvix% cb pvk jc ei hisxi hkob ysc jcncbji ce Piviasi|% hkbzvi

ei iavcxlb jce lopcvlk xsjiocvlhibk" Pcvk% jcxavihlijiocbzc ce Cbhivaijk jc

Bcakhlcx bk jlk hsopelolcbzk i eix lbxzvshhlkbcx jc xs hkolzcbzc= jchi ei

olxlb bk zcbli kfgczk= ysc biji xc pkjvi kfzcbcv bl cxpcviv jc ekx Cxzijkx

jce Pihnlhk% ysc bl cb xs pvkpli hixi pkjib dihcv biji) Xkb xsx pieifvix

zctzsiecx"

Hkopvcbjlcbjk pkv ol pivzc zkji ei zvixhcbjcbhli jc ei olxlb i ekx

Cxzijkx jce Pihnlhk% ivji jce ibdcek jc ~cvei vcielwiji" Ol iolak | hkecai% ce

xckv jkb Colelk Fkblniw% cbhivaijk jc bcakhlkx jce Pcv cb Pivx% ysc dihli

os| pkhk difi eecaijk jc xs pix% oc jchi ysc hsieyslcv piviasi|k ysc cb

iysceekx okocbzkx xc dsflcxc pvcxcbzijk cb ekx pixcx jce Pihnlhk% difvi

xljk vchlfljk hkb ce cbzsxlixok ysc bijlc pkjvi loialbivxc= ysc ziecx cvib

xcbzlolcbzkx jc nvizcvbie xlopizi ysc jcxpcvzifi ei hisxi jce Piviasi| cb

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zkjkx ekx pixcx jce Pihnlhk"

Jcxavihlijiocbzc ei lopkvzibzc olxlb kvjcbiji ce akflcvbk jc ei

Vcpfelhi cb okocbzkx zib kpkvzsbkx hkok ipvcolibzcx% bk xc eec~ i cnchzk"

Zibzk ox eiocbzifec nsc cxi kolxlb% hsibzk ysc oshdk xc dsflcvi pkjljk

hkbxcaslv jc ekx pscfekx dcvoibkx jce Pihnlhk% cb pvk jc ei hisxi jcokhvzlhi

jce Piviasi|"

Dc iys ce zctzk jc ei hkosblhihlb jce Oivlxhie Epcw i xs vcpvcxcbzibzc

jlpekozlhk% jc nchdi 91 jc Khzsfvc 94>>7

\i difv ^j" ~lxzk ei% bkzi pvkzcxzi ysc ce akflcvbk jc Eloi di dchdk pixiv i ei

zvlpec ielibwi% pkv xl | i bkofvc jc xsx ielijkx"

Bk bchcxlzk cbhkoliv ei pkezlhi% hs|i lblhlizl~i xc ~c cb cxc jkhsocbzk% pscx cx ei

blhi xie~ijkvi jc ei iszkbkoi jc ekx pixcx iocvlhibkx% os| cxpchlieocbzc pivi

iysceekx ysc zlcbcb hscxzlkbcx ysc vcxke~cv hkb ce lopcvlk ~chlbk" Xl jcxavihlijiocbzc

bk cxzs~lxcokx zib lbhkosblhijkx hkb bscxzvkx dcvoibkx | hkvvcelalkbivlkx jce

Pihnlhk% nhle nscvi cbzcbjcvbkx% | jc ihscvjk zkjkx hkbxljcviv ei bi~caihlb jceIoiwkbix% | jiv hloi i cxix icgix hscxzlkbcx% ecaijix pkv eix oczvpkelx%

zcvolbbjkeix xkfvc sbi olxoi fixc | xlb ox xihvlnlhlk ysc ce ihscvjk jc zkjkx" Pkv

bscxzvi pivzc jcfcokx iavijchlolcbzk cxpchlie% pkvysc ce pvlbhlplk lb~khijk pkv bscxzvk

pix xci vchkbkhljk cb iysceei pivzc jc bscxzvk hkbzlbcbzc% | jlxhszlji ei oizcvli pkjvi

dihcvxc ec| lbzcvbihlkbie cbzvc bkxkzvkx ei hkbxcv~ihlb jc ei iszkbkoi hkok cyslelfvlk

jc ekx Cxzijkx= jcfcokx% pscx% ctpvcxiv cxzc iavijchlolcbzk i iysceekx aiflbczcx% | ^j"

ei div pkv eix ecaihlkbcx ysc zcbaib cb eix hkvzcx cb ysc ei xs|i cxz ihvcjlziji%

hioflibjk ljcix xkfvc ek ysc ~i jlhdk% | hsezl~ibjk cxi vceihlb pivi ijceibziv cb

hsibzk ec xci pkxlfec% yscjibjk% iszkvlwijk% cb hixk bchcxivlk% pivi jlvlalvxc ie aiflbczc

jc Eloi% pivi ctpvcxiv ce iavijchlolcbzk lbjlhijk% cb~libjk ie Xchvczivlk jc ei ecaihlb

hkok pkvzijkv jc pelcakx% hkb cbhivakx cxpchliecx i ei ~cw" Ixcasvc zioflb ysc |i ce

akflcvbk difvi ihvcjlzijk sbi ecaihlb cb iysceei hiplzi xl ei lbhkosblhihlb ec

pcvolzlcvi"

$Nlvoijk, N" X" EPCW



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Flfelkzchi ^lvzsie jce Piviasi| :

'''

Hkb ce olxok nlb jc hsezl~iv vceihlkbcx iolxzkxix hkb ekx Cxzijkx Sbljkx

jc Iovlhi% c lbzcvcxivecx pkv ei hisxi jce Piviasi|% ce oivlxhieEpcw oibj

hvcjcbhliecx i xs Cbhivaijk jc Bcakhlkx pivi ysc xc zvixeijivi cb olxlb

cxpchlie i Qixdlbazkb% xcab hkbxzi jc ei bkzi xlaslcbzc7

Ixsbhlb% Oivwk 6> 94>1

Hkb cxzi vchlflv ^j" hvcjcbhliecx pivi ekx Cxzijkx Sbljkx% olxlb jc psvi

hkvzcxi% | jcgk i xs ivflzvlk eecbivei k bk% xcab ek ysc pkv iee khsvvi% k xs xlzsihlb ek

pcvolzi% pscx bk zcbak ljci jc ceei"

Cnchzsijk ce ~ligc zkoiv hkbxlak ieasbk jc ekx piviasi|kx ysc cxzb iee% | jcgiv

i Fcblzcx cbhivaijk jc eix ecaihlkbcx jc Pivx | Ekbjvcx jsvibzc xs isxcbhli"

Hsezl~c hkb cxocvk ei vceihlb jc ekx iacbzcx hdlecbkx"""

Ie vchlfk jc cxzi xspkbak i Fcblzcx jc vcavcxk jc Eloi"

Pkv ei hkpli ysc ec cb~i ce olblxzcvlk% ~cv ^j" ysc ei ocjlihlb iocvlhibi di xljklbnvshzskxi" Xl ec hkb~lcbc xs psfelhihlb% objcei dihcv"

Cxpcvk pkhk jc ei ocjlihlb xlb hivhzcv jc cbcvai= pcvk zcbak hkbnlibwi cb

bscxzvix ivoix% | jcxjc ce pvlbhlplk i ceeix xek dc hkbnlijk ei xscvzc jc ei pizvli% | Jlkx

di pcvolzljk ysc dixzi iys nscxcb fixzibzcx% pivi hixzlaiv ie cbcolak% | bk di jc

niezivbkx cb ce ezlok okocbzk" Zcbcv% pscx% hkbnlibwi cb ei xlzsihlb | zvifigiv hkb

copckxk inb"

Pkv ekx jlivlkx dc ~lxzk eix fixcx pvkpscxzix pkv ce akflcvbk iocvlhibk= bk zcbak

olcjk i ei jlxhsxlb% pcvk bk oc iaviji sb eivak ivolxzlhlk"

$Nlvoijk, N" X" EPCW

'''

Cxzi olxlb i Qixdlbazkb nsc vc~ceiji cb Fscbkx Ilvcx pkv ce

hkoibjibzc jce ~ipkv iocvlhibk Qixp% ie pixiv pkv ei hiplzie ivacbzlbi%xcab hkbxzi jc eix xlaslcbzcx ebcix% zkoijix jc sbi hkvvcxpkbjcbhli jce



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cgvhlzk ielijk | psfelhijix pkv ei Zvlfsbi jc Fscbkx Ilvcx% jc : jc Ifvle 94>17

Di pixijk pkv iys ce hkoibjibzc jce ~ipkvQixp% ysc xspkbak cxziv id |i% |pkv e difvb xifljk ek ysc |k iys"

Pivchc ysc cxzc xckv zs~k sbi hkbncvcbhli hkb Epcw% cb ei ysc ce oivlxhie

piviasi|k ec jlk ieasbkx jizkx ysc bk jcgib jc zcbcv lbzcvx" Cbzvc ceekx oc di bivvijk

cxzkx7

Ce olblxzvk piviasi|k cb Nvibhli% difi xljk bkofvijk pkv Epcw cb ce olxok

hivhzcv cb Qixdlbazkb% hkb ce kfgczk jc ysc% vcpvcxcbzibjk ie Piviasi|% zvizixc xkfvc

ei ocjlihlb hkb ce akflcvbk jc ekx Cxzijkx Sbljkx"

Ce olxok jlivlk jlhc cb sb xscezk7

Xcab bscxzvi hkvvcxpkbjcbhli jc Zs|sz% ce olblxzvk Fivclvk cb Nvibhli% di xljk

bkofvijk pecblpkzcbhlivlk cb Qixdlbazkb% | iszkvlwijk pivi zviziv jlvchziocbzc hkb ceakflcvbk jc Cxzijkx Sbljkx vcxpchzk i ei ocjlihlb"

Ei ljci jce akfcvbibzc piviasi|k jc ihvcjlziv olxlkbcx jlpekozlhix cb

ekx pixcx jce Pihnlhk | Cxzijkx Sbljkx jce Bkvzc% cvi peisxlfec pkv xs

kpkvzsbljij | iezi hkb~cblcbhli pkezlhi" Ekx ysc ecib ox ijceibzc ce

vcxsezijk dieiack jc eix acxzlkbcx cxpkbzbcix dchdix pkv ce iszkv jc cxzix

palbix% cb 94>


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Flfelkzchi ^lvzsie jce Piviasi| >

LL

Fkel~li pljc ctpelhihlb" Zctzk jc xs bkzi" Xkfvc zcvvlzkvlk jce Hdihk" Sb cgcopek jc

cxhbjiek" Bkzi jce Jv" Vsnbk Celwiejc" Xc blcai i cbzviv cb jlxhsxlkbcx" Zvizijk ivacbzlbk hkb

Fkel~li" Cb~i hkplix jc bkzix" Ljbzlhi jcheivihlb jce Jv" Hivekx jc Hixzvk" Xs bkzi" Lasie

ctpelhihlb jce olblxzvk Khzi~libk"

Hkb okzl~k jc difcvxc hkbkhljk cb ce pfelhk ce zvizijk xchvczk jc ei

zvlpec ielibwi% ce akflcvbk jc Fkel~li pljl ie akflcvbk ivacbzlbk% hkb nchdi > jc

Gselk 94>>% sbi ctpelhihlb xkfvc ce iehibhc jce ivzhsek 9> jc jlhdk pihzk

xchvczk% cb ekx zvolbkx jc ei xlaslcbzc bkzi7

Olblxzcvlk jc Vceihlkbcx Ctzcvlkvcx"

Eigi% Gselk k 94>>"

I X" C" ce Xchvczivlk jc Cxzijk jc Vceihlkbcx Ctzcvlkvcx jc ei Hkbncjcvihlb

Ivacbzlbi"

Xckv7

Zcbak kvjcb jc X" C" ce Pvcxljcbzc Pvk~lxkvlk jc ei Vcpfelhi pivi jlvlalvoc i ^" C"

hkb sb okzl~k ysc lbcxpcvijiocbzc di ~cbljk i inchziv jc sb okjk xcvlk ekx lbzcvcxcx |

ei lbzcavljij zcvvlzkvlie jc cxzi Vcpfelhi% dk| iocbiwiji% pkv jchlvek ix% jc sb ihzk jc

pcvzsvfihlb xkecobc cb xsx nkvoix% hkok xcvi xkecobc ei ~lkecbhli jce jcvchdk

lbzcvbihlkbie% xl xs cgchshlb eecaivc i jcokxzviv xs iszcbzlhljij"

Oc vcnlcvk% Cthok" Xckv% ie zvizijk jc ielibwi ysc cb Ei Iovlhi% pcvljlhk jc

Fscbkx Ilvcx% bo" 11% ipivchc nlvoijk ce 9 jc Oi|k jce ik pixijk% pkv

pecblpkzcbhlivlkx jc ekx akflcvbkx jc ei Hkbncjcvihlb Ivacbzlbi% jc ei Vcpfelhi Kvlcbziejce Svsasi| | jce Lopcvlk jce Fvixle% hs|k ivzhsek 9>% cb xs pvlocv lbhlxk jlhc ix7 Ei

Vcpfelhi Ivacbzlbi xc jl~ljlv jc ei Vcpfelhi jce Piviasi| pkv ekx vkx Pivib |

Piviasi|% dixzi ei hkbhsvvcbhli jc ekx eolzcx jce Lopcvlk jce Fvixle% xlcbjk cxzkx xkfvc ei

oivacb jcvchdi jce Vk Piviasi| | ei Fidi Bcavi"

Ctzvik cx ie akflcvbk fkel~libk ysc eix iezix pivzcx ielijix% ie cxzifechcv xkfvc ei

ctpvkplihlb jce zcvvlzkvlk jc ei Vcpfelhi jce Piviasi|% xs cbcolak hkob% xc dsflcxc

hkopvcbjljk sbi avib pkvhlb jce zcvvlzkvlk fkel~libk% cb ei pivzc ysc ce 9cv" lbhlxk jceivzhsek 9> jce zvizijk% ixlabi i ei Hkbncjcvihlb Ivacbzlbi% | hs|i ctzcbxlb ifviwi ce



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~ixzk zcvvlzkvlk khhljcbzie jce Vk Piviasi| $Avib Hdihk,% jce cthesxl~k c lbhscxzlkbifec

jcvchdk jc Fkel~li% dihlbjkxc ie pvkplk zlcopk% sb vchkbkhlolcbzk kncbxl~k i ei bihlb |

ie akflcvbk fkel~libk% jc sb jcvchdk cb ni~kv jce Fvixle xkfvc ei pivzc jce zcvvlzkvlk

hkopvcbjljk cbzvc ei Fidi Bcavi | ce Pcv% oivacb jcvchdi jce vcncvljk Vk jcePiviasi|"

Pcvk cx zibzk ox ctzvik ie akflcvbk jc ei Vcpfelhi% ysc pixcx hkb ekx ysc ce jc

Fkel~li di pvkhsvijk oibzcbcv | cxzvchdiv eix ox nvibhix | nvizcvbiecx vceihlkbcx jc

iolxzij% hkok jc fscbi ivokbi c lbzcelacbhli% | ysc pkv xs ~chlbjij bk jcflcvib

jcxhkbkhcv eix nvkbzcvix ysc oivhib ekx eolzcx ackavnlhkx jc ei Vcpfelhi jc Fkel~li%

di|ib pkjljk ctzcbjcv jc dchdk xsx olvix jc ipvkfihlb% ox iee jc ekx eolzcx jce

zcvvlzkvlk piviasi|k% izihibjk hkb ceeix ekx jcvchdkx jc sbi bihlb iolai | dcvoibi% |

jc sbi olxoi zvijlhlb% kvlacb% lasie ie ysc sbc ie Piviasi| hkb eix jcox vcpfelhix

xsjiocvlhibix"

Bk labkvib eix iezix c lesxzvijix vcpfelhix ielijix% ysc ei pivzc kvlcbzie jc ei

Vcpfelhi fkel~libi% biji di pkjljk iezcviv xs pcvnchzk jcvchdk ie zcvvlzkvlk ysc ifviwi ei

oivacb jcvchdi jce Vk Piviasi|% hkok eolzc bizsvie% | isbysc ce Lopcvlk jce Fvixle di

i~ibwijk xsx sxsvpihlkbcx xkfvc sbi pivzc jc cxc zcvvlzkvlk% ctlxzc pcbjlcbzc sb ezlok

ivvcaek ysc bk di jkx ikx% nsc lblhlijk pkv ce olblxzvk pecblpkzcbhlivlk jce Lopcvlk% xckv

jkb Gsib ji Hkxzi Vcak Okbzclvk% | ysc jcfc cb fvc~c xcv vcibsjijk pkv ce D"

Cbhivaijk jc Bcakhlkx | Olblxzvk Vcxljcbzc% xckv I" P" jc Hiv~iedk Fkvacx"

Ce akflcvbk jc Fkel~li% cb ce jcfcv lbjchelbifec jc oibzcbcv | jcncbjcv ei jlabljij

bihlkbie | ei lbzcavljij jc xs zcvvlzkvlk% bk pscjc pixiv jcxipcvhlfljk jc sb dchdk jc

zibzix | zvixhcbjcbziecx hkbxchscbhlix% hkok jc lbisjlzi ~lkeihlb jce jcvchdk pfelhk

jc eix bihlkbcx" Pcvk ziopkhk pscjc pcvxsijlvxc ysc ekx akflcvbkx hkbhsvvcbzcx ie

zvizijk% cb ei cec~iji | vchkbkhlji lesxzvihlb ysc ekx jlxzlbasc% di|ib yscvljk pvcxcbziv

ie osbjk hl~lelwijk sb cgcopek jc cxhbjiek% hkok ce ysc vc~cei cxc zvizijk% jc ysc oc

khspk% cb ei pivzc ysc xibhlkbi ce jcvchdk jc ei nscvwi | jc ei sxsvpihlb= | xlb ~ihleiv ce

akflcvbk jc Fkel~li% hvcc ysc ce vcncvljk zvizijk zcbai sb kvlacb fixzivjk | iphvlnk" Figk

cxzc xspscxzk% zcbak kvjcb jc X" C" ce Pvcxljcbzc Pvk~lxkvlk jc ei Vcpfelhi% ysc jcxci

zcbcv sb hkbkhlolcbzk knlhlie jc ei niexcjij k iszcbzlhljij jce zvizijk% pivi jlvlalvoc i ^"

C" hkb cxzi jcoibji% ysc cxpcvk jc ^" C" xci ihcpziji cb dkocbigc i eix fscbix | bk

lbzcvvsopljix vceihlkbcx ysc sbcb i iofkx akflcvbkx"

Ipvk~chdk cxzi khixlb czh"



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Nlvoijk GKX V" ZIFKVAI

'''

Ce jkhzkv Vsnlbk Celwiejc% olblxzvk jc Vceihlkbcx Ctzcvlkvcx jc ei Vcpfelhi

Ivacbzlbi | xlabizivlk jce hecfvc zvizijk jc ei zvlpec ielibwi jc 9 jc Oi|k

94>3% hkbzcxz i ei bkzi fkel~libi ysc pvchcjc% cb cxzkx zvolbkx7


Fscbkx Ilvcx% Iakxzk 94 94>>"

I X" C" ce xckv Olblxzvk jc Vceihlkbcx Ctzcvlkvcx jc ei Vcpfelhi jc Fkel~li"

Xckv olblxzvk7

Zcbak ce dkbkv jc vcxpkbjcv i ei bkzi jc ^" C" jce > jce ppjk" Gselk% vchlflji i|cv

91 jce hkvvlcbzc"

Ce akflcvbk ivacbzlbk xc di xkvpvcbjljk hkb ce hkbzcbljk jc cxi bkzi% | cxz

hkb~cbhljk ysc ce jc Fkel~li di jc vchkbkhcv nhleocbzc ei niezi jc nsbjiocbzk ysc di

difljk pivi pvkhcjcv jce okjk ysc ek di dchdk"

Xlcbjk xchvczk ce zvizijk jc ielibwi cbzvc ekx akflcvbkx ivacbzlbk% ce jc X" O" cecopcvijkv jce Fvixle | Kvlcbzie% hkbzvi ce akflcvbk jce Piviasi|% bk ec cx pcvolzljk ie

ivacbzlbk cbzviv cb jlxhsxlkbcx bl ipvchlihlkbcx i xs vcxpchzk% bl dihcv vc~ceihlb

blbasbi xkfvc e"

Ce akflcvbk jc Fkel~li bk di pkjljk lb~khiv cxzc zvizijk bl psfelhihlb ieasbi%

xkfvc cxzc bcakhlk cb ce cxzijk ysc cxz% bl ijolzlv jc blbab okjk ysc akflcvbkx

iolakx difib jc pihziv ce jcxpkgk jce zcvvlzkvlk ysc pcvzcbchlcvi i ei Vcpfelhi jc

Fkel~li% hkb okzl~k jc sbi ascvvi hkb ce akflcvbk jce Piviasi|" Cxzi jsji% cx zibzk oxlbgsxzlnlhiji c lbctpelhifec% jcxjc ysc ce akflcvbk ivacbzlbk di nlvoijk sb zvizijk jc

iolxzij% hkocvhlk% bi~caihlb | eolzcx hkb ce vcpvcxcbzibzc jce jc Fkel~li% ce ji 6 jc

Oi|k 94>3% cx jchlv% ie ji xlaslcbzc jce jc ei ielibwi% ysc di xljk vizlnlhijk pkv ce

Hkbavcxk% cxzifechlbjkxc cb ce ivzhsek 60% ysc7 ysc ekx eolzcx cbzvc ei Vcpfelhi

Ivacbzlbi | ei jc Fkel~li xcvb ivvcaeijkx cbzvc ekx akflcvbkx pkv sbi hkb~cbhlb

cxpchlie jcxpsx jc bkofviv hkolxivlkx pkv sbi | kzvi pivzc% ysc ctiolbibjk ekx zzsekx

vcxpchzl~kx | dihlcbjk ekx vchkbkhlolcbzkx bchcxivlkx% pvcxcbzcb ce pvk|chzk k pvk|chzkx

jc ei ebci jl~lxkvli"""



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Flfelkzchi ^lvzsie jce Piviasi| jc 94>1"

I X" C" ce Xv" Jv" J" Vsnlbk jc Celwiejc% olblxzvk jc Bcakhlkx Ctzvibgcvkx"

Xckv7

Oc pcvolzk ijgsbziv sb jspelhijk jc ol bkzi jce ji 9 jce ysc vlac% cb ei ysc zs~c

ce dkbkv jc lbnkvoiv i ^" C" jc ei hvccbhli cb ysc cxzifi ce akflcvbk jc ekx Cxzijkx

Sbljkx jc ysc pkv ocjlk jc xs iolxzkxi ocjlihlb xc pkjvi hkbxcaslv sbi zcvolbihlb

pihnlhi jc ekx cxzviakx jc ei ascvvi cbzvc ekx ielijkx | ce Piviasi|% jc ihscvjk hkb ce

dkbkv | ekx lbzcvcxcx jc ekx vcxpchzl~kx pixcx% xci hsie nscvc ei nkvoi jc xs akflcvbk% |ysc ce akflcvbk jc ekx Cxzijkx Sbljkx isbysc jcxckxk jc bk ocvchcv gsxziocbzc sb

hivak pkv xcv lbzcvocjlivlk bk xkelhlzijk | hlcvziocbzc jc bk i~cbzsviv% ie ocbkx

pvcoizsviocbzc sbi kplblb xkfvc ekx okzl~kx jc jlxljcbhli cbzvc eix pivzcx

hkbzcbjlcbzcx% xlb cofivak% xl zkjix k hsieyslcvi jc ceeix pljlcxc xsx fscbkx knlhlkx% ekx

pvcxzivi hkb pecbi hkbhlcbhli jc ei jcelhijcwi | vcxpkbxifleljij jce hivak | hkb ce blhk

jcxck jc dihcv gsxzlhli lopivhlie" Ie olxok zlcopk% ie oiblncxziv i ^" C" cxzkx

xcbzlolcbzkx jce akflcvbk jc ekx Cxzijkx Sbljkx% zs~c ce dkbkv jc lbnkvoivec ysc zcbilbxzvshhlkbcx jc hkosblhiv ie Jcpivziocbzk jc Cxzijk cb Qixdlbazkb ce okjk hkok

nscvi vchlfljk pkv ce akflcvbk ivacbzlbk xs knvchlolcbzk iolxzkxk% | hkbnlibjk cb ysc ^"

C" xc jlabiv hkbxljcviv ekx ocbhlkbijkx xcbzlolcbzkx hkok sbi pvscfi ox jc ekx

xlbhcvkx jcxckx jc ekx Cxzijkx Sbljkx pkv ei pvkxpcvljij jsvijcvi jc ei Vcpfelhi

Ivacbzlbi% zs~c ce peihcv jc ctpvcxiv ei xcasvljij jc ysc oc hifi i o pcvxkbieocbzc ei

oi|kv xizlxnihhlb ce pkjcv lbnkvoiv i ol akflcvbk cb hkbzcxzihlb% ysc xs ibxlkxk jcxck

jc hkbzvlfslv i hieoiv ekx jlxzsvflkx cb Xsj Iovlhi cvi hkvvcxpkbjljk pkv ei VcpfelhiIvacbzlbi% pkv hkbjshzk jc ^" C" cb ce olxok cxpvlzs hkbhlelijkv ysc jcokxzvifi ce



14/183


Flfelkzchi ^lvzsie jce Piviasi| 9:

akflcvbk jc ekx Cxzijkx Sbljkx"

Hkbhes ctpvcxibjk ei hkbnliji cxpcvibwi jc ysc ekx ~bhsekx jc xlopizi c

lbzcvcxcx hkosbcx ysc% zib ncelwocbzc ctlxzcb cbzvc ekx Cxzijkx Sbljkx | ei Vcpfelhi

Ivacbzlbi% xc cxzvchdivib ox | ox% hsibjk zkjix eix Vcpfelhix dcvoibixiocvlhibix akwixcb jc piw% | ysc ce akflcvbk jc ekx Cxzijkx Sbljkx bk kolzlvi biji pkv

xs pivzc pivi ixcasviv pcvoibcbzcocbzc i iofkx hkbzlbcbzcx iocvlhibkx eix vchpvkhix

~cbzigix jc sbi iolxzij jsvijcvi"

Vcolz sbi hkpli jc cxi bkzi i Qixdlbazkb pkv ce ~ipkv nvibhx Hivocece ji 99

jce ysc hkvvc hkb sbi ctpelhihlb jce zcbkv xlaslcbzc7

Isbysc dixzi cb cxzc okocbzk bk dc vchlfljk hkbzcxzihlb ieasbi i cxzi bkzi%

jcfljk xcab hvck% ie jcxck jce akflcvbk ivacbzlbk jc kv ibzcx ce hkbxcgk jce pvcxljcbzc

Olzvc% yslcb cxz isxcbzc ib cb ce zcizvk jc ei ascvvi hkok hkoibjibzc cb gcnc jce

cgvhlzk ielijk% xlb cofivak% jcxjc ysc ce ~ipkv piysczc nvibhx xiec oiibi% dc hvcjk

jce hixk oibjiv pkv cxzi kpkvzsbljij sb lbnkvoc pvcelolbiv jc ei ihhlb |i zkoiji pkv

o% jc ihscvjk hkb eix lbxzvshhlkbcx vchlfljix"

Dk|% kzvk ~ipkv plysczc ce Ivbk% xiec pivi Vk Gibclvk% | bk zcblcbjk ib blbasbi

hkbzcxzihlb jc ^" C"% bk cxz ib jc ol iehibhc jiv cbzcvk hsopelolcbzk i olx

lbxzvshhlkbcx"

Cxzk| flcb pcbczvijk jce pcxk lbocbxk jc hsljijkx | vcxpkbxifleljij ysc

jcxhibxi xkfvc ^" C" cb ei ihzsie hk|sbzsvi% pcvk hkb~cbhljk hkok cxzk|% jce iezk

ipvchlk hkb ysc ce pscfek | ce akflcvbk jc ei Vcpfelhi Ivacbzlbi dkbvib i ekx Cxzijkx

Sbljkx% bk jcfc xkvpvcbjcvxc ^" C" jc ei ibxlcjij ysc oc lbjshc i lbxlxzlv bsc~iocbzc

cb ysc ^" C" xc xlv~i lbnkvoivoc xl ce akflcvbk ivacbzlbk hkvvcxpkbjc i eix cxpcvibwix

jce akflcvbk jc ekx Cxzijkx Sbljkx vcxpchzk i ei ihcpzifleljij jc xsx fscbkx knlhlkx

knvchljkx hkb ce blhk kfgczk jc nkocbziv | inlibwiv pivi ce pkv~cblv ekx ocgkvcx lbzcvcxcx

jc ei bihlb ivacbzlbi"

\ xioc pcvolzljk iavcaiv cb hkbhesxlb ol hvccbhli pcvxkbie ysc zkoibjk cb

hkbxljcvihlb ce pixijk | pvcxcbzc jc ekx Cxzijkx Sbljkx% hkb xs eshljk | xcasvk

pkv~cblv% | xs pkezlhi jchljlji cb xkxzb jc ei dsoibljij | jc ei elfcvzij% jc ei

hl~lelwihlb | jce pvkavcxk% xs ocjlihlb iolxzkxi cb ce cxzijk zib xkecobc cb ysc xc

dieeib ekx ixsbzkx pkezlhkx iys% hlcvziocbzc kfzcbjvi vcxsezijkx jc lbocbxkx fcbcnlhlkx

pivi eix vcpfelhix jce Peizi"



15/183



Hkb jlxzlbaslji hkbxljcvihlb zcbak ce dkbkv jc xcv% xckv% os| vcxpczskxiocbzc

xs kfcjlcbzc xcv~ljkv"

Nlvoijk I" IXFKZD

'''

Ce akflcvbk ivacbzlbk% ie ihsxiv vchlfk jc eix jkx bkzix jce acbcvie

Ixfkzd% xc elolzi i iavijchcv ce pixk iolxzkxk jijk pkv ce jc Cxzijkx Sbljkx%

| ysc eecaiji ei kpkvzsbljij ec xcvi os| xizlxnihzkvlk dihcv sxk jc zib

fcb~kekx xcbzlolcbzkx" Ce xlaslcbzc cx ce zctzk jc ei bkzi ivacbzlbi7

BO" 8


Fscbkx Ilvcx% Cbcvk 6< jc 94>1

I X" C" ce Xv" Olblxzvk Vcxljcbzc jc ekx Cxzijkx Sbljkx jc Iovlhi% acbcvie jkb

Iecgibjvk Ixfkzd"

Xckv olblxzvk7

Eix xlopizix flcb bkzkvlix jce pscfek | akflcvbk ivacbzlbk pkv ce pscfek |

akflcvbk jc ekx Cxzijkx Sbljkx jc Iovlhi dihcb os| cxzloifecx ekx xcbzlolcbzkx

oiblncxzijkx pkv X" C" jc kvjcb jc xs akflcvbk cb ei bkzi jc 9 jce hkvvlcbzc | cb ei jc

6> jce olxok ysc zs~c ce dkbkv jc vchlflv kpkvzsbiocbzc"

Ce akflcvbk ivacbzlbk iavijchc os| xlbhcviocbzc cxzc pixk iolxzkxk jce jc ekx

Cxzijkx Sbljkx jc Iovlhi% | eecaiji ei kpkvzsbljij ec xcvi os| xizlxnihzkvlk dihcv sxk

jc zib fcb~kekx xcbzlolcbzkx"

Vscak i X" C" ysc ie zvixolzlv i xs akflcvbk cxzi vcxpscxzi jce akflcvbk ivacbzlbk%

xc xlv~i pvcxcbzivec ei ctpvcxlb jc xsx ox xlbhcvkx iavijchlolcbzkx | ei xcasvljij jc

ysc ei Vcpfelhi Ivacbzlbi% nlce i xsx zvijlhlkbcx bk di jc fsxhiv giox cb ei ~lbjlhihlb

jc xs dkbkv | jc xsx ox ~lziecx jcvchdkx c lbzcvcxcx ~lkeiv cb ek ox oblok ekx

avibjcx pvlbhlplkx ysc ekx pscfekx elfvcx bk pscjcb jcxhkbkhcv xlb avi~cx

hkbxchscbhlix"

Ipvk~chdk cxzi kpkvzsbljij pivi vclzcviv i ^" C" ei ctpvcxlb jc ol oi|kvhkbxljcvihlb | ipvchlk"



16/183


Flfelkzchi ^lvzsie jce Piviasi| 9>

Nlvoijk VSNLBK JC CELWIEJC

'''

I cxzi hkosblhihlb hkbzcxz ce olblxzvk iocvlhibk% hkb ei bkzi nchdi 6

jc Ncfvcvk% ibsbhlibjk ysc pkv ce pvtlok piysczc vcolzlvi i xs akflcvbk

hkpli jc ei hkbzcxzihlb ivacbzlbi i xsx bkzix jc 9 | 6> jc Cbcvk% vceizl~ix i

ei kncvzi jc fscbkx knlhlkx i ekx fcelacvibzcx"

Ce Acbcvie Ixfkd% jcxckxk jc nihlelziv sb i~cblolcbzk pihnlhk cbzvc ekx

ielijkx | ce Piviasi|% cb ascvvi% jlvlac kzvi bkzi knlhlie ie akflcvbk ivacbzlbk%

ce > jc Ncfvcvk% oiblncxzbjkec ysc xifi $ce ivacbzlbk, ysc ei ascvvi ysc xc

pvkxcasi cbzvc ce Piviasi| | eix bihlkbcx ielijix% eeioifi os|pivzlhseivocbzc ei izcbhlb jce pscfek | jce akflcvbk jc ekx Cxzijkx Sbljkx"

Ysc difi vchlfljk sb knlhlk jc xs akflcvbk lbnkvobjkec jc ysc ei Hoivi jc

vcpvcxcbzibzcx jc ekx Cxzijkx Sbljkx% jc ihscvjk hkb ekx xcbzlolcbzkx jce

pvcxljcbzc% | xibhlkbibjk ei kplblb pfelhi jc ei bihlb% difi ijkpzijk ce 91

jc Jlhlcofvc ei xlaslcbzc vcxkeshlb7

Ysc ascvvix jcxzvshzl~ix jce hkocvhlk | pcvgsjlhliecx | jikxix i eix lbxzlzshlkbcx

vcpsfelhibix xc dib jcxivvkeeijk jcxjc dihc ieab zlcopk cbzvc ei Cxpii | ~ivlkx

Cxzijkx xsjiocvlhibkx% jc ei hkxzi jce Pihnlhk% hkok zioflb cbzvc ce Piviasi| | ce

Fvixle | eix Vcpfelhix Ivacbzlbi | Kvlcbzie cb ei hkxzi jce Izebzlhk"

Ysc xc vchkolcbji% hkok xc dihc pkv ei pvcbxi% ie Jcpivziocbzk Cgchszl~k jce

akflcvbk% ysc knvcwhi ekx knlhlkx iolxzkxkx jc cxzc akflcvbk% xl nscvc pkxlfec% pivi

vcxzifechcv ei piw | ei ivokbi cb ei Iovlhi jce Xsv"

Cb cxi ~lvzsj% ce pvcxljcbzc% vcyscvljk pkv ei avib oi|kvi jc ei ecalxeizsvi jc

Cxzijkx Sbljkx% di hvcjk hkb~cblcbzc% pkv ocjlk jc sbi hlvhseiv jce Jcpivziocbzk jc

Cxzijk% xkoczcv i eix pivzcx fcelacvibzcx ei pvkpkxlhlb jc sbi hkbncvcbhli ysc zcbjvi

esaiv cb Qixdlbazkb ce ji ysc hkb~cbaib zkjix eix pivzcx fcelacvibzcx= ysc bkofvcb

xsx pecblpkzcbhlivlkx hkb nihsezijcx fixzibzcx pivi zviziv zkjix eix hscxzlkbcx pcbjlcbzcx

cbzvc eix pivzcx fcelacvibzcx% xcpiviji | hkbgsbziocbzc% ix hkok i hkbxljcviv | ivvcaeiv

ekx zvolbkx jc sbi piw pcvoibcbzc% ysc xci lasie% gsxzi | dkbkvifec pivi zkjkx ekxpixcx cb ascvvi"



17/183



Blbasbi vcxkeshlb jc ei hkbncvcbhli xcvi cnchzl~i kfelaizkvli% xci pivi ei

zcvolbihlb k xsxpcbxlb jc ei ascvvi% k xci pivi ce vcxzifechlolcbzk jc ei piw% xlbk

jcxpsx ysc di|i xljk ihkvjiji pkv zkjkx ekx olcofvkx jc ei hkbncvcbhli% | ijcox

xibhlkbiji | vizlnlhiji pkv xsx vcxpchzl~kx akflcvbkx" Ce pvcxljcbzc jc ekx Cxzijkx

Sbljkx bkofvivi sbi pcvxkbi pivi ixlxzlv | pvcxljlv ei hkbncvcbhli | pvcxziv xsx fscbkx

knlhlkx% cb nkvoi jc lbnkvoihlb k hkbxcgk% i nlb jc nihlelziv xsx cnchzkx% pcvk xlb jcvchdk

jc ~kzk% | xlb hkbzvicv blbasbi kfelaihlb pkv pivzc jc ekx Cxzijkx Sbljkx"

Cb hixk jc jcxihscvjk cbzvc ekx pecblpkzcbhlivlkx jc ekx fcelacvibzcx% ce pvcxljcbzc

jc ekx Cxzijkx Sbljkx jcxlabivi ieab Cxzijk% k gcnc jc Cxzijk% bk ekx Cxzijkx Sbljkx%

bl sbk jc ekx fcelacvibzcx% hkok zcvhcvk cb jlxhkvjli% pivi jchljlv zkjix eix hscxzlkbcx

ysc ec nscvib xkoczljix pkv ei hkbncvcbhli% | ei jchlxlb jc zie zcvhcvk cb jlxhkvjli% xcvihkbxlabiji cb ce pvkzkhkek | kzvkx jkhsocbzkx k pvkhcjlolcbzkx jc ei hkbncvcbhli% |

xcvi jchlxl~i | kfelaizkvli pivi zkjix eix pivzcx"

Ysc sb ivolxzlhlk zcbjvi esaiv jcxjc ysc eix pkzcbhlix fcelacvibzcx di|ib

lbnkvoijk ie akflcvbk jc ekx Cxzijkx Sbljkx ysc ihcpzib ei hkbncvcbhli cb eix

hkbjlhlkbcx pvkpscxzix% | ysc xcvib kfxcv~ijix dixzi ei zcvolbihlb jc ei olxoi"""

I cxzi lopkvzibzc hkosblhihlb jce vcpvcxcbzibzc jc Cxzijkx Sbljkx% ce

akflcvbk ivacbzlbk hkbzcxz ce 80 jc Oivwk 94>1" Cb ~cw jc vcxpkbjcv ie bkfec

kfgczk ysc okzl~ivi ei bkzi jce acbcvie Ixfkzd% ce olblxzvk jkhzkv Celwiejc xc

copci cb ihsoseiv yscgix hkbzvi ce Piviasi|% hs|i lbjcpcbjcbhli difi

vchkbkhljk% xlb ctlalvec% jlhc% ei ocbkv vczvlfshlb bl hkbjlhlkbcx ysc xkb jc

cxzvlhzi gsxzlhli $6, $8,"

6Pivchc ysc ce jkhzkv Celwiejc pvczcbjc ysc ce Piviasi| jcflcvi i ei Ivacbzlbi ieasbi vczvlfshlb pkv ce ihzk

lbzcvbihlkbie ysc pvihzlh cb 9436% jce vchkbkhlolcbzk jc ei lbjcpcbjcbhli jce Piviasi|"

Ce dkbkvifec olblxzvk ivacbzlbk ke~lji% k yslcvc khseziv ce dchdk% jc bkzkvlcjij lbzcvbihlkbie% ysc ce Piviasi| difi

vczvlfsljk hkb hvchcx cxc ihzk nkvwkxk jce akflcvbk jc ei Vcpfelhi Ivacbzlbi% hkb ce xcv~lhlk zvixhcbjcbzie yscec pvcxz cb 943


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Vcplzc ce vljhsek xknlxoi jc ysc eix bihlkbcx ielijix bk dihib ei ascvvi i ei

bihlb piviasi|i% xlbk i ei pkezlhi | ie akflcvbk jce acbcvie Nvibhlxhk X" Epcw"

Hkb cxix jcheivihlkbcx% ekx vcpvcxcbzibzcx jc ei zvlpec ielibwi | xs pvcbxi

dib olxzlnlhijk ei kplblb pfelhi cb Csvkpi | Iovlhi% jcxjc ce pvlbhlplkdixzi ei hkbhesxlb jc ei ascvvi" Hkb ei elysljihlb jc ekx aixzkx jc ei ascvvi

xc di hkopvkfijk cxi isjiw olxzlnlhihlb" Cx i ei bihlb piviasi|i ysc

iakflib ekx ct/ielijkx% cthcpzk ei Vcpfelhi Kvlcbzie% hkb sbi jcsji cbkvoc%

nkvoseijix pkv ceekx olxokx% | bk i ei pkezlhi | akflcvbk jc Epcw"

Ce jkhzkv Celwiejc jlhc ysc eix bihlkbcx ielijix pvcncvlvib kfzcbcv pkv eix

bcakhlihlkbcx jlpekozlhix ek ysc fsxhib pkv eix ivoix% | ecx xcvi os| avizk

ysc cxzk xc hkbxlaslcvi pkv sbi ocjlihlb iolxzkxi jce akflcvbk jc ekx

Cxzijkx Sbljkx" Pcvk ysc jcxpsx jc ek ysc di ctpscxzk% | cb ei xlzsihlb cb

ysc xc cbhkbzvifib ekx fcelacvibzcx% eix vcxkeshlkbcx ysc zib iolxzkxi |

nvizcvbieocbzc dib pvcxcbzijk ekx Cxzijkx Sbljkx ie akflcvbk ivacbzlbk% cvib

bcaizkvlix jc ekx bkfecx pvkpxlzkx ysc di zcbljk cb ~lxzi"

Ce olblxzvk jc Cxzijkx Sbljkx% xckv Qixdfsvb% ihvcjlzijk cb ce

Piviasi|% xc jlvlal hkb nchdi 9< jc Oivwk 94>1 ie oivlxhie jc Hitix acbcviecb gcnc jc ekx cgvhlzkx jce Lopcvlk jce Fvixle% cb kpcvihlkbcx hkbzvi ce

Piviasi|% hkb okzl~k jce vchdiwk pkv ekx ielijkx jc ei kncvzi jc ocjlihlb

iolxzkxi jc xs akflcvbk cb ei ascvvi ysc ei zvlpec ielibwi xkxzcbi hkbzvi ce

Piviasi|" Ce zcbkv jc ei bkzi jce jlpekozlhk iocvlhibk jcokxzvbjkec ysc eix

hkbjlhlkbcx jc piw ctlaljix pkv ce aiflbczc jc Vk jc Gibclvk% i zkji zcbzizl~i

jc i~cblolcbzk% cvib gswaijix cb Qixdlbazkb hkok lbhkbhlelifecx hkb ce

jcvchdk jc acbzcx% | hkb ekx pvlbhlplkx xkfvc ekx hsiecx jcxhibxib ei

Hsivcbzi | jkx ikx eec~ifi ei lbjcpcbjcbhli jce Piviasi|% hsibjk vchlb ei vchkbkhl ei ct/oczvpkel jce

^lvvclbizk jce Peizi% bk diflbjkei pkjljk xspvlolv pkv ocjlk jc ei nscvwi fvszi% ysc nvihix cb Piviasiv |Zihsiv" Ljbzlhix olvix di zcbljk ei ielibwi jce pvcxljcbzc ivacbzlbk% acbcvie Olzvc% hkb ce okbivhi fvixlecvkPcjvk LL cb 94>3"

K xlbk% ys xlablnlhib eix jcheivihlkbcx knlhliecx jc Olzvc | Celwiejc ie pecblpkzcbhlivlk lbaex% Ov" Zdkvbzkb%hkbxlabijix cb e hipzsek TL jce 9cv" ~kesocb jc cxzi kfvi; Cx ei hkopvkfihlb oizcvlie jc ysc eiHkbncjcvihlb Ivacbzlbi% ocgkv jlhdk xsx akfcvbibzcx bsbhi dib jcxlxzljk% dixzi iys% jc xsx icgix | vljhseixpvczcbxlkbcx jc xkoczcv ie Piviasi| pkv ce jcvchdk jc ei nscvwi ie jkolblk ivacbzlbk"

Ngcxc ei gs~cbzsj pizvlkzi cb eix avi~cx jcheivihlkbcx jce pvcxljcbzc ivacbzlbk | jc xs olblxzvk jc vceihlkbcxctzcvlkvcx% ctpvcxijix ie ocbhlkbijk olblxzvk lbaex"



19/183


Flfelkzchi ^lvzsie jce Piviasi| 9 94>1"

I X" C" ce Xckv Olblxzvk jc Vceihlkbcx Ctzcvlkvcx jce Pcv"

Cx jc ol jcfcv xlablnlhiv i ^" C" ysc hkb ce ox pvknsbjk xcbzlolcbzk dc kjk i|cv

jc ei pvkpli fkhi jce Gcnc Xspvcok jc cxzi Vcpfelhi% | eck dk| cb ekx jlivlkx% ce ihplzc

jce Ocbxigc pvkbsbhlijk cb ei ipcvzsvi jce Hkbavcxk Hkbxzlzs|cbzc% cb ce hsie X" C" xc

vcnlcvc i ei ascvvi ysc ce Fvixle | xsx ielijkx xkxzlcbcb hkbzvi ce Piviasi|"

Jcfk xspkbcv ysc ^" C" bk zlcbc hkbkhlolcbzk jc cxi pivzc jce Ocbxigc% hsibjkpkv xs bkzi b 3 jce 98 jce hkvvlcbzc% xc di jlabijk lb~lzivoc pivi ixlxzlv ie ihzk cb ysc

jlhdk Ocbxigc jcfi xcv pvkbsbhlijk% pscx bk cx jijk hkbhcflv ysc nscxc giox jc xsx

lbzcbzkx ce pvkpkvhlkbivoc cb pfelhk% | cb zib xkecobc khixlb% sb avib jlxasxzk cb

hkvvcxpkbjcbhli i ekx xlbhcvkx cxnscvwkx ysc hkbxzibzcocbzc dc dchdk% i nlb jc

oibzcbcv hkb ^" C" zibzk knlhlie hkok pivzlhseivocbzc% | dixzi idkvi hkb vchlpvkhljij%

vceihlkbcx eix ox hkvjliecx | iolaifecx"

Cxzk| hlcvzk ysc ol akflcvbk ctpcvlocbziv lasieocbzc sbi jkekvkxi lopvcxlb%hsibjk eci ce ocbhlkbijk Ocbxigc% | i e hifcv jchljlv xl% bk ocjlibzc kzvix

ctpelhihlkbcx% cbhscbzvi sbi ~lkeihlb jc eix ec|cx jc ei bcszvieljij% cb ce pcvlkjk i ysc

oc vcnlcvk% cb ysc ce gcnc jc cxzi Vcpfelhi pivchc iecbziv hkb xsx xlopizix knlhliecx ie

Piviasi|% jcxjc ysc pvkheioi xkecobcocbzc% i ei niw jce sbl~cvxk% hkbzvi ce Fvixle% ysc

ei gsxzlhli cxz jce eijk jc iysce fcelacvibzc% hkbxljcvi sb cxhbjiek ei ascvvi% cb zkjkx

hkbhcpzkx gsxzi% cb ysc ol pizvli xc dieei copciji cb jcxinvcbzi jce dkbkv bihlkbie

sezvigijk% | jcgi cbzvc~cv ysc xkeiocbzc pkv izcbhlb i ei Vcpfelhi piviasi|i hkokdcvoibi jc ei pcvsibi% knvchl ie Lopcvlk elozvknc xs lbzcvpkxlhlb iolxzkxi= ei hsie% cb



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Flfelkzchi ^lvzsie jce Piviasi| :8

~lxzi jc cxix pvkplix pieifvix% bk eec~i ce hivhzcv jc ei hkb~cblcbzc lopivhlieljij"

Pkv ol pivzc% lbzcvpvczibjk jce blhk okjk ysc iehibwi ol hkopvcbxlb cb ol

elolzijk hkbkhlolcbzk jc ei ecbasi cxpikei% eix nvixcx i ysc zcbak ce dkbkv jc iesjlv%

xkek oc cx jijk% dixzi pkv jchkvk pvkplk% | pkv hkbxljcvihlb pivi hkb cxzi Vcpfelhi%hcvhi jc ei hsie oc dieek ihvcjlzijk% hkok olblxzvk Vcxljcbzc jc X" O" ce Copcvijkv jce

Fvixle% pvkzcxzk jcxjc escak% hkok pkv ei pvcxcbzc bkzi pvkzcxzk% hkbzvi eix olxoix nvixcx

ysc cxzb cb jcxihscvjk hkopeczk% pkv ek ocbkx hkb ei dlxzkvli jc ei vspzsvi jc eix

dkxzleljijcx% gsxzlnlhiji dixzi ei c~ljcbhli% pkv jkhsocbzkx iszbzlhkx% ysc pvscfib hok

ce gcnc piviasi|k% ~ielbjkxc jc sb pkjcvkxk cgvhlzk% ysc dihc ox k ocbkx zlcopk

heibjcxzlbiocbzc pvcpivifi% izih hkb nv~kekx pvczctzkx% cb ce xcbk jc ei ox hkopeczi

piw% pvlocvk ie Fvixle% | escak jcxpsx i ei Vcpfelhi Ivacbzlbi% hs|kx akflcvbkx%hkbnlijkx cb ei nc jc ekx zvizijkx bk xc dieeifib pvcpivijkx pivi ei ascvvi% hkb ysc

nscvkb iofkx iec~kxiocbzc xkvpvcbjljkx= | cb ei hsie= i ol cbzcbjcv% bk di jijk ocbkx

pvscfix jc dcvkxok ysc ce cbcolak% hs|i kfxzlbiji jcncbxi% xcab cx os| xifljk% bk

pvkhcjc xkeiocbzc jc xs ~iekv% xlbk zioflb jc xs heloi% jc xsx pibzibkx% | jc ole kzvkx

kfxzhsekx bizsviecx ysc dib ivvkxzvijk | xlascb ivvkxzvibjk% eix ivoix jce Fvixle | jc

xsx ielijkx"

Ipvk~chdk cxzi khixlb pivi vcpczlv i ^" C" ysc% hkb ekx xcbzlolcbzkx jc zkjihkbxljcvihlb zcbak ce dkbkv jc xcv jc ^" C" czh"

$Nlvoijk, NVIBHLXHK IJKENK ^IVODIACB

'''

Ce dkbkvifec jlpekozlhk lopcvlie xckv ^ivodiacb di vc~ceijk ie osbjk

sbi bk~cjij% k sb jcxhsfvlolcbzk jc xs loialbihlb% i xifcv7 ysc ce heloi |

ekx pibzibkx jc sb pix% pvkjshcb fvi~svi% ifbcaihlb% dcvklhljij%pizvlkzlxok czh" Cb cxzc hkbhcpzk ekx invlhibkx jcfcb xcv zcolfecx% | ekx

ocgkvcx xkejijkx jce osbjk) Cx sbi hlcbhli jlpekozlhi xsl abcvlx)

Ce Xcbijkv ivacbzlbk% xckv J" Blhixlk Kvkk% lbzcvpvczibjk ei ixplvihlb

jce pscfek ivacbzlbk% | pscjc jchlvxc% jc zkjkx ekx diflzibzcx jc ekx pixcx

ielijkx% pvcxcbz i ei Hoivi jc ysc cvi olcofvk% ce xlaslcbzc pvk|chzk jc

ec|7

Ivz" 9" Ce Pkjcv Cgchszl~k Bihlkbie pvkhcjcv i ei oi|kv fvc~cjij pkxlfec i ifvlv



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Flfelkzchi ^lvzsie jce Piviasi| ::

bcakhlihlkbcx hkb ekx pkjcvcx ielijkx i kfgczk jc pkbcv zvolbk i ei ascvvi ctzcvlkv cb

ysc ihzsieocbzc xc dieei copciji ei Vcpfelhi% |i xci ihcpzibjk ei ocjlihlb jc sbi

pkzcbhli iolai= k cbzcbjlbjkxc jlvchziocbzc pkv ocjlk jc bcakhlihlkbcx hkb ce

akflcvbk jce Piviasi|"

Ivz" 6" Ctkbvixc ie Pkjcv Cgchszl~k jc zkoiv ekx ihscvjkx pihzijkx cb ce

Pvkzkhkek jc : jc Oi|k 94>>% pkv fixc k hkbjlhlkbcx lbc~lzifecx cb eix bcakhlihlkbcx i

ysc xc vcnlcvc ce ivzhsek ibzcvlkv% elolzbjkxc cxzvlhziocbzc i ctlalv ei xizlxnihhlb

hkb~cblcbzc ie dkbkv c lbzcvcxcx jc ekx ielijkx% | vcxpczibjk jc lasie okjk ei

lbjcpcbjcbhli jce pscfek | akflcvbk jce Piviasi|"

Ivz" 8" Ce Pkjcv Cgchszl~k jiv hscbzi jcbzvk jce zvolbk jc jkx ocxcx jce

vcxsezijk jc jlhdix bcakhlihlkbcx"

Ivz" : " Hkosbyscxc czh"

Ce pvk|chzk jc ec| ysc ibzchcjc% zcbi pkv kfgczk jcvkaiv ce zvizijk jc ei

zvlpec ielibwi jc 9 jc Oi|k 94>3% pkv eix ~ix jlpekozlhix% kfelaibjk ie

akflcvbk ivacbzlbk i pihziv ei piw hkb ce Piviasi|% cb kfxcyslk jc eix

hkb~cblcbhlix | jchkvk jc ei Bihlb"

Ei Hoivi jc Xcbijkvcx ihkal ce pvk|chzk jce xckv Kvkk hkb hlcvzi

lbjlncvcbhli% ysc hkbzvixzifi hkb ei ixplvihlb ~cdcocbzc jc ekx pscfekx jce

Vk jc ei Peizi% ctpvcxiji vcxsceziocbzc pkv ei lbocbxi oi|kvi jc xsx

vaibkx jc psfelhljij"

\i ibzcvlkvocbzc ce xckv Kvkk xc difi pvcxcbzijk ibzc ce ~lhc/

pvcxljcbzc ivacbzlbk% J" Oivhkx Piw% cxzibjk cxzc akfcvbibzc vkjcijk jc xsxolblxzvkx% | ec oiblncxz ei bchcxljij lopcvlkxi ysc xc xcbzi cb ce pix jc jiv

xkeshlb i ei ascvvi jce Piviasi|"

Lasie oiblncxzihlb difi dchdk ie Jv" Ijkenk Iexlbi% akfcvbijkv jc ei

pvk~lbhli jc Fscbkx Ilvcx% i ei xiwb" Isbysc cbhkbzv cthcecbzcx

jlxpkxlhlkbcx jc pivzc jc iofkx akfcvbibzcx% biji pvhzlhk hkbxlasl cb

kfxcyslk jc ei piw ibdceiji"

Xc jchi cb ei pvcbxi jc Fscbkx Ilvcx% ysc ce ~lhc/pvcxljcbzc Jv" Piw% | ce



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olxok Jv" Celwiejc% Olblxzvk jc Vceihlkbcx Ctzcvlkvcx cvib lbhelbijkx i ei piw

hkb ce Piviasi|% zvizibjk hkb Epcw/= ysc cb cxc xcbzljk xc difi jlvlaljk ce

Jv" Celwiejc% ie Olblxzvk Fvixlecvk% Xv" Khzi~libk% dihlbjkec pvcxcbzc ei

bchcxljij jc dihcv ei piw= pcvk ysc jcxavihlijiocbzc ce vcpvcxcbzibzclopcvlie vcxlxzl i zkoiv cb hkbxljcvihlb blbasbi pvkpkxlhlb jc ivvcaek

pihnlhk% cb ysc zs~lcvi ysc lbzcv~cblv ce Oivlxhie Epcw"

Xc difeifi cbzkbhcx jc ysc ei lbxlxzcbhli jce Olblxzvk ivacbzlbk cb ni~kv

jc ei piw% | ei kfxzlbihlb jce iacbzc jc Jkb Pcjvk LL% cb vchdiwiv ei

lbjlhihlb pihnlhi% difib okzl~ijk hlcvzk cbnvliolcbzk cb eix vceihlkbcx

knlhliecx jc iofkx Olblxzvkx" Oix% i xs vcavcxk jc sb ~ligc ysc cb iysceei

pkhi dlhlcvi ie cgvhlzk ielijk% ce Jv" Khzi~libk% ysc pvcxcbhl ekx dchdkx% |

oljl ei ctzcbxlb jc eix jlnlhsezijcx% xc oiblncxz hkb~cbhljk jc ysc bk difi

kzvk ocjlk jc zcvolbiv ei ascvvi jce Piviasi| ysc dihlcbjk ei piw= oix ce

Copcvijkv Jkb Pcjvk% biji yscvi kv jc piw hkb Epcw"

^

Jcheivihlb jce acbcvie Nekvcx" Hkbncvcbhli jc Khzi~libk hkb ce acbcvie Svyslwi" Bchcxljij

jc dihcv ei piw" Ei zcvyscjij jc jkb Pcjvk LL ec hkxz xs hkvkbi" Ekx akfcvbibzcx ivacbzlbk |

kvlcbzie eeiovkbxc ie xlecbhlk" Bkfec vcxkeshlb" Jcncbxkvcx jce Xcfixzkpke iocvlhibk" Ec

Hksvvlcv jc Ei Peizi" Ekx Cxzijkx jce Pihnlhk bk xc jcxibloib" Pvczcbxlb lvvihlkbie" Cxhvlzk jce

Jv" Eioix i ei Bihlb Ivacbzlbi" Kplblb jc ei pvcbxi lbjcpcbjlcbzc jce Fvixle" Jcvchdk bsc~k

ipelhifec hkbzvi ce Fvixle" Bk xc plji i Epcw ek ysc ce ezlok fvixlecvk vchdiwivi" Pieifvix jce

lesxzvijk jlpekozlhk kvlcbzie% Jv" Hivekx O" Viovcw" Pvhzlhi jc ei ibzlasi fivfivlc"

Ce acbcvie Nekvcx% i xs vcavcxk jcnlblzl~k i ei Vcpfelhi Kvlcbzie% jcheiv i

xsx iolakx jc Fscbkx Ilvcx | ie olxok ~lhc/pvcxljcbzc ivacbzlbk% jkhzkv Piw7

ysc bk difi kzvi xkeshlb pkxlfec pivi zcvolbiv ei ascvvi% ysc zviziv hkb

Epcw" Cb ekx olxokx zvolbkx cxhvlfl ie acbcvie Svyslwi i Xib Gkx% i

jkbjc xc zvixeij ce jkhzkv Khzi~libk% olblxzvk fvixlecvk% i xs vcavcxk jce

cgvhlzk ielijk% i hkbncvcbhliv hkb ce hisjleek cbzvcvvlibk"

bzcvlb cxix ljcix pvckhspifib i ekx dkofvcx jce Vk jc ei Peizi% ekx



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hkbzvlfs|c i jcxzvslv ce fiesivzc ysc ei pvkzcai ie Bkvzc% hkbzvi eix lb~ixlkbcx jce Lopcvlk=

| kjlkxk% pkvysc hkkpcvi i jcakeeiv sb pscfek ysc zlcbc xs olxoi xibavc | xs olxoi

nkvoi jc akflcvbk"

Ce vchdiwk ysc pkv jkx ~chcx jlcvkb ekx akflcvbkx ielijkx i ei ocjlihlbjc ekx Cxzijkx Sbljkx% bk di jcxibloijk i ekx pixcx jce Pihnlhk% Hdlec% Pcv |

Fkel~li% jc lbxziv jc bsc~k i iysceekx akflcvbkx% pivi ysc klaib ce hkbxcgk jc

ei viwb | ihcpzcb ei lbzcv~cbhlb jc xsx iolakx% pivi jiv nlb i ei ascvvi ysc

cvi ce cxhbjiek jce osbjk% jcxjc ysc ei psfelhihlb jce zvizijk jc ielibwi%

jlk i hkbkhcv ce pvkpxlzk jc ekx hkbzvizibzcx"

Ei pvczcbxlb jc bk zviziv hkb ce Piviasi| olcbzvix Epcw pcvoibchlcvi

cb ce akflcvbk jc cxzc pix% cvi lvvihlkbie% pkvysc cxzifi ~lxzk ysc ce Piviasi|

xc ljcbzlnlhifi hkb e% | ysc blbasbi hkbxljcvihlb ok~cvi i ekx piviasi|kx i

ifibjkbivec% bl i e i xcpivivxc jce pscxzk ysc ceekx ec dib hkbnlijk"

Ce bkzifec jlpekozlhk kvlcbzie% jkb Ibjvx Eioix% hkb okzl~k jc eix

ipixlkbijix ipvchlihlkbcx dchdix pkv Ei Bihlb Ivacbzlbi% vaibk jce

pvcxljcbzc Olzvc% jc xsx bkzix knlhliecx | hkbnljcbhliecx cb ysc xkxzcbi ei

bchcxljij | hkb~cblcbhli jc cbzifeiv bcakhlihlkbcx jc piw hkb ce Piviasi|% xcjlvlal ie jlvchzkv jc jlhdk vaibk cb cxzkx zvolbkx7

Jcxpsx jc heixlnlhiv hkok zvilhlb | hkfivji zkjkx ekx cxnscvwkx dchdkx pivi

jc~ke~cv ei piw ie Vk jc ei Peizi% ce jlivlk jc ^j" xciei eix bkzix hkbnljcbhliecx ysc

eec~ib ol bkofvc% hkok sb ocjlk jc pcjlvolxcvlhkvjli i Epcw"

Isbysc hkok ek jlhcb olx bkzix% bk dc jsjijk jc ysc ie nlb zvlsbniviokx pkv eixivoix% hvck% dk| jcxpsx jc ei c~ihsihlb jc Dsoilz% hkok hvci ibzcx% ysc bk zlcbc

gsxzlnlhihlb ieasbi ce dchdk jc bk kv bl zviziv hkb ce cbcolak% | jc vcpcecv lbelolbc eix

ocjlihlkbcx ysc pkjib hkbjshlvbkx i iehibwiv ekx nlbcx ecazlokx jc ei ascvvi% xlb

oi|kv jcvvioiolcbzk jc xibavc% xlb xihvlnlhlkx | jcxzvshhlkbcx lbbchcxivlix= | hvck dk|%

hkok hvci ibzcx% ysc bk xc hkbxsezib flcb ekx lbzcvcxcx jce Vk jc ei Peizi% iblysleibjk

ie Piviasi| | jcgibjk cxzifechljkx ekx cthcxkx jc ei ascvvi"

Pvlocvk% ysc |k oiblncxz ie akflcvbk ivacbzlbk ysc jcfi kvxc ie cbcolak% yscjcfi zvizivxc hkb e% | ysc ei eczvi jce zvizijk jc ei zvlpec ielibwi bk pkji cbzcbjcvxc jc



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oibcvi ieasbi ysc bkx xcpivixc jc eecaiv i ekx nlbcx ecazlokx jc ei ascvvi% pkv ocjlkx

lbhvscbzkx= | ek oiblncxz cb ei nkvoi ox lbcys~khi cb Xczlcofvc 94>>% hkbnlvlcbjk ie

Ctok" Xckv Acbcvie jkb Fivzkeko Olzvc sbi pecblpkzcbhli cb nkvoi% pivi zviziv hkb ce

gcnc jce Piviasi|% iszkvlwibjk zioflb pkv xs pivzc% pivi xcpivivxc jce zvizijk jc ielibwi

cb zkjk iysceek ysc bk zs~lcvi sbi lopkvzibhli zvixhcbjcbzie% | psjlcvi ihkvjivxc xlb

hkopvkoczcv ce dkbkv bl ekx lbzcvcxcx pcvoibcbzcx jc ei Vcpfelhi% xlcopvc ysc pkv xs

pivzc ijdlvlcxcb zioflb ekx ielijkx"

\k nsl pkhk ni~kvifec i zviziv jlvchziocbzc hkb Epcw% xlb kzvi aivibzi ysc ei xs|i%

pivchlbjkoc ox cnlhiw | ox xcasvk dihcvek pkv ce lbzcvocjlk | hkb ei aivibzi jc sbi

pkzcbhli iolai" Cb ek jcox% olx kplblkbcx cxzifib jc ihscvjk hkb eix ysc oiblnlcxzi ce

lopkvzibzc iszk jce akflcvbk ivacbzlbk i ysc ihifk jc vcncvlvoc= | xkb cxix olxlbixkplblkbcx eix ysc dc xkxzcbljk cb olx pvchlzijix bkzix% hkofizlcbjk ekx pvkpxlzkx

ctzvcokx jce Fvixle"

Dc vcxpczijk | vcxpczk ekx okzl~kx% xlb jsji pkjcvkxkx | pizvlzlhkx% ysc

jchljlcvkb i ekx akflcvbkx jce Vk jc ei Peizi i ijdcvlv i ei vcpsexi jc ei ocjlihlb Bkvzc/

Iocvlhibi= pcvk oc hvck hkb jcvchdk i cxpcviv ce vcxpczk jc eix hkb~lhhlkbcx% zie ~cw

cvvbcix pcvk xlbhcvix% ysc dib jczcvolbijk ol hkbjshzi cb ce Fvixle% | i eix hsiecx dc

xihvlnlhijk ol pkxlhlb knlhlie"Xiesji i ^j" izcbziocbzc"

$Nlvoijk, IBJVX EIOIX

'''

Ei pvcbxi fvixlecvi lbjcpcbjlcbzc oiblncxzifi zioflb ysc cvi zlcopk jc

vcnectlkbiv xkfvc ce ocjlk dkbvkxk jc zcvolbiv ei ascvvi% ctiolbibjk hsecx

cvib eix hkbjlhlkbcx ysc pkjib xcv ihcpzijix pkv ce Piviasi|% xlb pcvgslhlk jcxs jlabljij | xkfcvibi"

Ei pvsjcbhli | ce fscb xcbzljk bkx jlhcb% pvkheioifi ei Kplblik Elfcvie% ysc cx

bchcxivlk bk hkekhiv ie cbcolak cb sbi pkxlhlb jcxcxpcviji" Jcxjc ysc bk bkx cx

pkxlfec bl hkb~cblcbzc fkvviv ie Piviasi| jce oipi jc eix bihlkbcx% hkb~lcbc zviziv hkb

e% zie hkok cxz kvaiblwijk% xlb kncbjcv xs nkvoi jc akflcvbk" Cxzifechcv hkbjlhlkbcx%

ysc bk cxzb cb sxk cb ce jcvchdk lbzcvbihlkbie% cx dihcv lopkxlfec ei piw" Ce akflcvbk%

eec~ijk pkv ce jcxck ecazlok jc ~cbaibwi% pkji difcv sezvipixijk ekx eolzcx lopscxzkx



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Xckv Xchvczivlk7

Zs~c ce dkbkv jc vchlflv ei hkosblhihlb ysc X" X" xc di xcv~ljk jlvlalvoc hkb cxzi

nchdi% | i ceei ijgsbzi ei ocokvli ysc knlhlieocbzc di pvcxcbzijk i ekx gcncx jc eix

nscvwix ielijix hkok fixcx pivi zvicv ie zcvvcbk jc ei jlxhsxlb% eix hscxzlkbcx ysc

okzl~ib ei ascvvi ihzsie"

Cb eix jlncvcbzcx hesxseix jc cxzi ocokvli cbhscbzvk sbi jlncvcbhli xcbxlfec hkb

eix ysc X" X" difi nkvoseijk pivi xcv~lv jc kfgczk i eix hkbncvcbhlix i ysc oc lb~lzifi%

jcheivbjkoc ysc xkfvc cxzk ec difib difeijk pvc~liocbzc ce olblxzvk fvixlecvk cb

Fscbkx Ilvcx | ce Pvcxljcbzc Olzvc | Oivysx jc Hitlix cb ce hiopk ielijk= pcvk ei ox

xiezibzc cx ei hkbjlhlb% bk xek jc ei xcpivihlb jc X" C" ce Xv" Oivlxhie Pvcxljcbzc jc ei



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Flfelkzchi ^lvzsie jce Piviasi| 3:

Vcpfelhi jce oibjk Xspvcok jce Cxzijk% xlbk ek ysc cx ox% xs ctpizvlihlb i Csvkpi%

xcab xc ~c pkv ekx zvolbkx jc ei hesxsei 4 jc ei ocokvli knvchlji i ekx gcncx ielijkx"

Cb ekx psbzkx ysc ^" X" oc di pvcxcbzijk ibzcx hkok pivi xcv~lv jc psbzk jc

pivzlji pivi sbi jlxhsxlb jchi % X" C" ce Xv" Oivlxhie Pvcxljcbzc diflcbjk hkbhesljk ei

ascvvi hkb dkbkv pivi xs Pizvli% | pecbiocbzc ixcasviji xs lbjcpcbjcbhli | xsx

lbxzlzshlkbcx% jcgiv hkb ce ixcbzlolcbzk jce Hkbavcxk Bihlkbie $k xlb vcsblvek%, ce

Akflcvbk cb oibkx jc X" C" ce Xv" ^lhc/pvcxljcbzc i nlb jc lvxc i Csvkpi pkv ieab zlcopk

cb ce lbzcvx jc jcxhibxiv jc eix nizlaix jc ei ascvvi"

Ce Akflcvbk jcheiviv ysc xc di cbaiijk cb hsibzk i ekx pvk|chzkx ioflhlkxkx

ysc e izvlfsi cvvbciocbzc ie Fvixle% | ysc xlcbzc eix ocjljix dkxzlecx% ysc figk cxziniexi lopvcxlb difi copvcbjljk% bk xkeiocbzc hkbzvi ce Fvixle pcvk zioflb hkbzvi ei

Hkbncjcvihlb Ivacbzlbi"

Ie jcheiviv cbzkbhcx ce pvlocv pvvink hkplijk hkok psbzk xkfvc ce hsie bk pkji

hkbxcbzlv blbasbi jlxhsxlb% jlgc ysc ei xcasbji jlx|sbzl~i psjlcvi bk knvchcv jlnlhsezij

sbi ~cw ysc ce Fvixle hkbxzizc | ixcasvc ysc bk zlcbc lbzcbhlkbcx ioflhlkxix xkfvc ce

Cxzijk Kvlcbzie | eix Vcpfelhix jce Peizi pvkjshlbjkxc cbzvc ekx fcelacvibzcx sbi

xizlxnihhlb oszsi | sbi aivibzi pivi ei cxzifleljij nszsvi jc ei piw"

Cb ei ocokvli ysc idkvi vchlfk xc cbhscbzvi ei vcjihhlb xlaslcbzc% X" C" ce Xv"

Oivlxhie Pvcxljcbzc sbi ~cw hkbheslji ei piw k ekx pvcelolbivcx jc piw xc vczlviv i

Csvkpi% jcgibjk cb oibkx jc X" C" ce Xv" ^lhc/pvcxljcbzc% ysc cx cb hixkx xcocgibzcx%

xcab ei Hkbxzlzshlb jc ei Vcpfelhi ei pcvxkbi jcxlabiji pivi yscjiv cbhivaiji"

Fixziv ei echzsvi jc sbi | kzvi pvkpkxlhlb | ei jcheivihlb ysc X" X" xc di xcv~ljk

dihcvoc% ysc cx lbjchelbifec pkv pivzc jc ekx ielijkx ce hioflk jc Akflcvbk% pivi ~cv

ysc bk oc vcxzi xl bk vcpczlv i ol ~cw ei jcheivihlb jc ysc cxzc psbzk cx lbjchelbifec%

hkok hkbzvivlk ie dkbkv c lbzcvcxcx jc ol pix"

Pivi xizlxnihhlb jc ^" X" jcfk iijlv ysc xlcbjk ce ^lhc/pvcxljcbzc bkofvijk pkv

ce Pvcxljcbzc jc ei Vcpfelhi% xcab bscxzvix lbxzlzshlkbcx% bk cx hkopczcbzc pivi

ixsolv ce oibjk Xspvcok jce Cxzijk pkv niezi jc Pvcxljcbzc% | xs olxlb xc elolzi i

hkb~khiv sb Hkbavcxk cechzkvie"



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Cb ek jcox pscjk ixcasviv ysc ei Vcpfelhi jce Piviasi| bk oibhdiv xs dkbvi

| xsx aekvlix% hkbxlbzlcbjk giox cb ysc xs Pvcxljcbzc | jcncbxkv% ysc ec di jijk zibzix

aekvlix% | hkofizc pkv xs vcxlxzcbhli xsnvi ei jcpkxlhlb jc xs pscxzk% | ocbkx zkji~i

ysc xci ctpizvlijk jce xscek jc xs dcvkxok | xihvlnlhlkx% ix hkok cxzkx olxokx xkb

pivi ol Pizvli aivibzi xcasvi jc ysc ce Oivlxhie Epcw di jc ihkopiiv ei xscvzc ysc

Jlkx di|i jcpivijk i ei Bihlb Piviasi|i"

Ekx kzvkx ivzhsekx jc ei ocokvli pvcxcbziji i ekx gcncx ielijkx pscjcb xcv~lv hkok

psbzk jc pivzlji pivi sbi jlxhsxlb% hkbnkvoc |i zs~c ce dkbkv jc ctpvcxiv i X" X" |

idkvi vcplzk pkv ox ysc bk xc oc khsezi ysc cb ei jlxhsxlb bk jcgivib j knvchcv

ieasbix jlnlhsezijcx% pcvk ysc ce lbzcvx jc ei Piw pscjc vcjshlv i zvolbkx ox

hkb~cblcbzcx"

Bk hcvviv cxzi hkosblhihlb xlb ctpvcxiv i X" X" ol avizlzsj pkv ce copck hkb

ysc di zvizijk jc ihcvhiv i ekx fcelacvibzcx pivi pkbcv zvolbk i ei xibavlcbzi eshdi

ihzsie% | pcjlvec ysc xl cb ce Ctzcvlkv ijkbjc bscxzvi ~kw bk pscjc eecaiv% xc yslxlcxc

pvcxcbziv cxzc pixk hkok lbjlhijk pkv pivzc jce Piviasi|% xc xlv~i ^" C" jcheiviv

nkvoieocbzc% ysc cx cbzcviocbzc ctzvik i e% | ysc ei okhlb jce pcbxiolcbzk iys di

pivzljk cthesxl~iocbzc jc X" X"

Ipvk~chdk cxzi khixlb pivi vcbk~iv ie xckv Xchvczivlk ei xcasvljij jc ol

hkbxljcvihlb os| jlxzlbaslji"

$Nlvoijk, ESLX HIOLBKX

Ie Xv" A" W" Aksej Xchvczivlk jc ei Ecaihlb jc X" O" Fvlzblhi"

'''

Ce xckv Aksej vcavcx i Fscbkx Ilvcx ce olxok ji cb ysc vchlfl ei bkzi

jce xckv Hiolbkx% xlb difcv zcbljk bkzlhli jc ei ihkalji ysc di|ib jijk ekx

akflcvbkx ielijkx i eix fixcx jc xs bcakhlihlb knlhlkxi% pvcxcbzijix ie

Oivlxhie jc Hitlix" Cx pvkfifec ysc ei lbzcv~cbhlb jce Xchvczivlk lbaex xckv

Aksej% cb ei bcakhlihlb jc ei piw cbzvc ekx fcelacvibzcx% dsflcvi jijk ce

olxok vcxsezijk ysc eix kncvzix jc ocjlihlb dchdix pkv ekx olblxzvkx jc

Cxzijkx Sbljkx% ibkofvc jc xs akflcvbk" \ bk ctlxzlcbjk hkbxzibhli knlhlie jc



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Flfelkzchi ^lvzsie jce Piviasi| 3>

ei ihcpzihlb jc eix fixcx jce xckv Aksej% pkv ekx akflcvbkx ielijkx% bk

pvkhcjcb ekx xc~cvkx vcpvkhdcx% dchdkx pkv ce lbacblcvk Zdkopxkb ie

akfcvbibzc piviasi|k% pkv bk difcv xibhlkbijk ce Ivz" 4 jc jlhdix fixcx=

vcpvkhdcx vcpvkjshljkx pkv ce Hkvkbce Hcbzsvlb cb ei palbi 836 jc xs elfvkAscvvi jce Piviasi|% zkok 6"

Cxkx vcpvkhdcx cxzivib pcvnchziocbzc gsxzlnlhijkx xl ekx akflcvbkx ielijkx

dsflcxcb ihcpzijk eix hkbjlhlkbcx jc eix fixcx jc Aksej% | ysc Epcw eix

dsflcvi jcxcxzloijk" Ie Hcxiv ek ysc cx jce Hxiv"

Ce heiokv acbcvie pkv ei% piw xc ialzifi hiji ~cw ox cb ei pkfeihlb% cb

ce hkocvhlk | cb ei pvcbxi jlivli bk xek jc eix bihlkbcx fcelacvibzcx% xlbkzioflb jc zkji ei Iovlhi" Ce chk sbxkbk jc cxi bkfec ixplvihlb di hvswijk

ce Izebzlhk% Ce Zlocx% ce hkekxk Zlocx jc Ekbjvcx% jc 80 jc Gselk 94>4%

lbxcvzifi cb xsx hkesobix eix bkzix hioflijix cbzvc ce Hkolz jc ei avib

Xkhlcjij jc ei piw | Ekvj Xzibec|% pvlbhlpie xchvczivlk jc Cxzijk jc X" O"

Fvlzblhi% xkfvc ei ascvvi jce Piviasi|" Xkb eix xlaslcbzcx7

Olekvj"

Ce Hkolz jc ei Xkhlcjij jc ei piwdi xcasljk hkb pvknsbjk lbzcvx ei jcpekvifec

ascvvi ysc xc pvkxlasc% dihc ox jc zvcx ikx% cbzvc ce Fvixle | xsx ielijkx pkv sbi

pivzc% | ei Vcpfelhi jce Piviasi|% pkv ei kzvi" Cxzi ascvvi di hisxijk |i hvscecx

xsnvlolcbzkx i ekx pscfekx jc cxkx pixcx% | cgcvhc ei ox jcxixzvkxi lbnescbhli xkfvc ekx

pvkavcxkx jc ei elfcvzij% jce hkocvhlk | jc ei hl~lelwihlb% cb iysceei pivzc jce osbjk"

Xlb pcbczviv cb eix hscxzlkbcx pcbjlcbzcx cbzvc ekx Cxzijkx fcelacvibzcx% | kfvibjk

blhiocbzc cb ce lbzcvx jc ei dsoibljij% | cb dkbkv jce hvlxzliblxok% bkx pcvolzlokx

pvcasbziv os| vcxpczskxiocbzc i" ^" C" xl bk xcvi kpkvzsbk knvchcv ei ocjlihlb jce

akflcvbk fvlzblhk% xci xek k xci hkbgsbziocbzc hkb kzvi pkzcbhli% hkb ce nlb jc pkbcv

zvolbk i cxi jcpekvifec eshdi;

Xifcokx ysc ce akflcvbk jc ekx Cxzijkx Sbljkx% dihc |i ox jc yslbhc ocxcx

dlwk sbi kncvzi lasie xlb vcxsezijk" Pcvk jcxjc cbzkbhcx% ekx jkx fcelacvibzcx dib



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hkbzlbsijk i ctpcvlocbziv zcvvlfecx c lbbsocvifecx oiecx | cx viwkbifec hvccv ysc dk|

pscjib cxziv ox jlxpscxzkx i kv ekx hkbxcgkx jc ei viwb | jc ei gsxzlhli"

^" C" zlcbc ijyslvlji |i ei ox dkbkvifec vcpszihlb hkok pihlnlhijkv" Bk

pkjiokx bkxkzvkx pcvolzlvbkx cxpcviv ysc% cb cxzi eshdi jcxavihliji% eix jkx pivzcx

cxzb jlxpscxzix% jcxpsx jc sb hkbnelhzk zib pvkekbaijk | zib cxzvle% i ihkacv

ni~kvifecocbzc sbi pvkpkxlhlb hkok ei ysc bkx pcvolzlokx xsacvlv i ^" C"

$Nlvoijk, GKX PCIXC

Pvcxljcbzc

$Nlvoijk, CBVLYSC VLHDIVJ

Xchvczivlk

Gselk 64"

'''

I cxzi hkosblhihlb% bkzifec cb zkjkx hkbhcpzkx pscx xc zvizi cb ceei jce

xcv~lhlk jc ekx lbzcvcxcx jc ei elfcvzij | jc ei dsoibljij% Ekvj Xzibec|%

hkbzcxz hkb ei bkzi ysc xlasc% pkv ce vaibk jce Xsfxchvczivlk jc Cxzijk"

Olblxzcvlk jc Bcakhlkx Ctzvibgcvkx

Ekbjvcx% Gselk 80 94>>

Xckv"

Pkv cbhivak jc Ekvj Xzibec|% ihsxk vchlfk jc xs bkzi jc 64 jce hkvvlcbzc%

hkbzcblcbjk sb pcjljk jce Hkolz jc ei Xkhlcjij jc ei piw% ie akflcvbk jc X" O" pivi ysc

knvchlcvi ei ocjlihlb i ekx fcelacvibzcx jce Peizi% i nlb jc pkbcv zvolbk i eix

dkxzleljijcx"

Cb hkbzcxzihlb% zcbak cxpchlie cbhivak jc X" C" jc vcolzlvec lbhesxi hkpli jc ekx

jkhsocbzkx ezloiocbzc pvcxcbzijkx ie Piveiocbzk xkfvc ce pivzlhseiv% pkv ekx hsiecx

~cv ce Hkolz ysc ce akflcvbk jc X" O" di oiblncxzijk xs jlxpkxlhlb jc knvchcv xsx

fscbkx knlhlkx"



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Xk| jc ^" Xckv% os| izcbzk xcv~ljkv"

$Nlvoijk, C" H" CACVZKB

HIPLZSEK LLL

Ei pvcbxi fvixlecvi heioi pkv ei piw Ce zvizijk xc jcxdihc pcjiwk pkv pcjiwk Pcjvk LL xc

pvckhspi pkhk jc ei avlzi pfelhi Ce pvchlplhlk i ysc xc jlvlac Kvaseek knsxhijk jce jcvvkzijk jc

Hcpcji Ivzhsek Lopkvzibzc jc Ce Bihlkbie jc Fscbkx Ilvcx Ce Pscfek | Ei Iovlhi Hibxijkx

jc ei ascvvi Ie hivvk jc sbi okbivysi Pvkzcxzi hkbzvi eix ~lkeihlkbcx jce jcvchdk Jc zvilhlb| hkfivji Cb esaiv jc xcv Qixdlbazkb cx Fceavibk Ei jlncvcbhli Jlivlk jc Vk Gibclvk Olzvc

blhi hisxi jc ei pvkekbaihlb jc ei ascvvi Ctzlbhlb jce hkbzlbacbzc Kvlcbzie Ce Xlaek jc

Okbzc~ljck Ce jcxixzvc jc Hsvspilz| ifvl kgkx Pvcbxi csvkpci Ei Kplblb Bihlkbie Xs

ivzlhsek Ekx jlivlkx lbaecxcx Kplblb jc Nekvcbhlk ^ivcei Hivzi jce Jv" Ieacvlhd Niezi jce

acbcvie Olzvc Ce Zlocx jc Ekbjvcx Xlb jcvchdk pivi ihsxiv jc fvfivk Izoxncvi ekhie Fesc

Fkkm Peiaijkx jc niexcjijcx Ecbasigc lbhkopizlfec hkb ce hivhzcv pfelhk Pivhlieljij jce

olblxzvk Oizdcq Xsx lbnkvocx niexkx Ascvvi jc Hvloci Ocbxigc jc Pcjvk LL Ce hkbzialk jc eix

ljcix jcokhvzlhix Xspvcxlb jce zvkbk lopcvlie Ifcvvihlb cxhibjiekxi Xkvjkx ie heiokv

pfelhk Ascvvi i zkjk zvibhc Fscbkx knlhlkx vchdiwijkx xlb viwb Dsoilz cb pl Xlbk ei

hkbyslxzi ei jcxocofvihlb jce Piviasi|"

Ei pvcbxi cb Vk jc Gibclvk% xc yscgifi | ihsxifi ie akflcvbk lopcvlie jc

cvvkvcx c lopvc~lxlkbcx" Ce Jlivlk jk Vk jc Gibclvk jc 4 jc ifvle 94>1% jchi7

Xc aixzib ekx olblxzvkx | eix xlzsihlkbcx% xc aixzib ekx jlpeoizix | ekx acbcviecx=

| ei ascvvi hkbzlbi% | hkbzlbi xlcopvc hkb ce hkvzcgk jc ekx jcxixzvcx | jc ekx jkekvcxysc ec xkb lbdcvcbzcx% xlb ~lakvlwiv ox pkv cxk ei hkbnlibwi pfelhi | xlb ysc bijlc

pscji pvc~cv ei dkvi ncelw jce zvolbk bchcxivlk k xihvlnlhlkx zib hkbxljcvifecx"

Cxc cxzijk jc hkxix jcfc hcxiv"

Bkx hsopec difeiv ie pscfek% i ei ~cw ysc ie akflcvbk"""

Bk hkbxcaslokx isb jcvvkziv ie cbcolak ysc bkx invcbz% | |i ~iokx ~lcbjk

pvhzlhiocbzc ysc cx lopkxlfec hkbxcv~iv ei ielibwi | hkkpcvihlb jc ekx ~chlbkx% ysc

hkb bkxkzvkx zkoivkb pivzc cb ei ascvvi"



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Flfelkzchi ^lvzsie jce Piviasi| 3>% cb cxzkx zvolbkx7

Ys cx cb vcieljij% ek ysc bkxkzvkx | bscxzvkx ielijkx pkjcokx ctlalv

xizlxnihzkvliocbzc jce akflcvbk jce Piviasi|; Ysc xzc vchkbkwhi ekx cvvkvcx jc ei

lbxcbxizi pkezlhi pivi hkb ekx ielijkx | xc vczvilai jc ceekx"

Pcvk pivi kfzcbcv cxzc vcxsezijk% bk bchcxlziokx iblysleivbkx% ikx cbzcvkx% cb

sbi eshdi zib cbhivblwiji hkok eivai"

Ei ctlxzcbhli jce Piviasi| | xs lbjcpcbjcbhli% bk xek bk xkb lbhkopizlfecx hkb eipkezlhi jc ekx ielijkx% xlbk ysc isb xkb lbjlxpcbxifecx pivi xs oszsi zvibysleljij"



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Flfelkzchi ^lvzsie jce Piviasi| >0

Ix% pscx% ce lbzcvx jc ekx ielijkx cxz% cb bk cbhkbiv bl pvkekbaiv ei eshdi% cb ysc

dk| xc dieeib copcijkx% xlbk cb wibgivei ek ox pvkbzk pkxlfec"""

Pcvk xc jlv ysc Epcw | xs akflcvbk xkb sbi iocbiwi pcvoibcbzc hkbzvi ekx

Cxzijkx ~chlbkx" Xlb cofivak% bkxkzvkx pcbxiokx jc os| jl~cvxk okjk i cxzc vcxpchzk"

Xek ekx bchlkx xc oczcb i vcjlolv pivi xielv hvshlnlhijkx" Ocgkv xc vcjloc hkb ce

cgcopek"""

Ekx pscfekx vcbhleekxkx xkb jc pkhi ~lji" ^ixc xlbk ei xscvzc jc ei Pkekbli" Ekx

pscfekx oibxkx | eifkvlkxkx ekavib eivai ~lji | pvkxpcvljij" Cgcopek Bkvzc Iovlhi"""

Bscxzvi pkezlhi jcfc% pscx% xcv pkezlhi jc piw% jc hkbhlelihlb"

Sb fscb akflcvbk copsi eix vlcbjix% | bk eix jcgi nekziv" Bk di| piw bl ascvvi%xlbk hsibjk e yslcvc"

XIEAIOKX JCE PIBZIBK HKB HISZCEI" BK XIHVLNLYSCOKX EKX

BSCXZVKX% CB PVK^CHDK JC EKX CTZVIKX"

Kzvk jlivlk lopkvzibzc jc ei Hiplzie Ivacbzlbi% Ce Pscfek% jchi i xs ~cw7

Xl yscvcokx hkbgsviv ce pcelavk% xl yscvcokx idkaiv ei vcfcelb% xl yscvcokx c~lziv

ysc ei Vcpfelhi xc jcxyslhlc% | ysc ei xibavc jc xsx dlgkx cxzcvlelhc ekx hiopkx jkbjc ce

eifvijkv xlcofvi xs vlyscwi xl yscviokx iecgiv ie pix jc ekx jix jc eszk | jc ~cvacbwi

ysc xc ihcvhib% jcxelasokbkx jc ekx dsoleeibzcx hkopvkolxkx ysc bkx zlcbcb

labkolblkxiocbzc xkoczljkx i ei lbnescbhli jce Lopcvlk cxhei~hvizi% ihcpzcokx ei

ocjlihlb knvchlji pkv ce Olblxzvk Iocvlhibk% vkopiokx ei ielibwi% xie~ibjk bscxzvk

dkbkv | bscxzvkx jcvchdkx% | cbzkbhcx% | xek ix% cxzivcokx cb ipzlzsj jc hkbgsviv eix

lbocbxix jcxavihlix ysc jcgib |i hkesofviv sb zvlxzc pkv~cblv i ei Vcpfelhi Ivacbzlbi"

Ce okocbzk bk pscjc xcv ox kpkvzsbk% ihcpzcokx ei ocjlihlb" Cxzkx pscfekx

cxzb hibxijkx jc ascvvix% | ox hsibjk cxix ascvvix xkb lopkpseivcx% hkok ei

pvcxcbzc"

Hilai% pscx% ei ~cbji jc ekx kgkx jc ekx akfcvbibzcx ysc isb cx zlcopk jc ysc

diaib ieak% cb fcbcnlhlk jce pvcxcbzc | pkv~cblv jc cxzkx pixcx"

Ce akflcvbk ivacbzlbk bk cxz cb ce hixk jc ihhcjcv i eix ctlacbhlix jce Lopcvlk"Bk jcokx% pkv Jlkx% ie osbjk ce zvlxzc cxpchzhsek jc zcbcv pkv xlcopvc ioivviji ei



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Vcpfelhi ie hivvk jc sbi okbivysi"

Ce akflcvbk jcfc cxhshdiv ce chk jc ei pvcbxi lbjcpcbjlcbzc% ysc pljc ei piw= cx ce

chk jce pscfek ivacbzlbk" Cxc cx ce jcfcv jc ekx ysc jlvlacb ekx jcxzlbkx jc ei pizvli"

Piw% piw% yslcvcb ekx pscfekx ivacbzlbkx% ctzcbsijkx |i | dkvvkvkxiocbzc

copkfvchljkx pkv sbi ascvvi zib xibavlcbzi"

Ce olxok jlivlk cb xs bocvk jc 3 jc Oi|k 94>>% xc ctpvcxifi cb cxzkx

zvolbkx7

Xs Oigcxzij ei Vclbi ^lhzkvli% xc di jlabijk dihcv hkbkhcv i eix VcpfelhixIvacbzlbi | Kvlcbzie ce olxzcvlkxk zvizijk jc ei zvlpec ielibwi"

Bkx elolziokx pkv dk|% i pvkzcxziv cbvalhiocbzc hkbzvi eix ~lkeihlkbcx jce jcvchdk

ysc cbhlcvvi cxc jkhsocbzk" Pvkzcxziokx cb bkofvc jc ei jcokhvihli | jc ekx xibkx

pvlbhlplkx avkxcviocbzc cxhivbchljkx pkv ekx zvcx oialxzvijkx ielijkx"

Zkjk nsc pvkzcxzi peizblhi% ce akfcvbibzc ivacbzlbk xc dihi ce xkvjk ie

heiokvck lbhcxibzc jc xs pix" Jcokxzvifi ox vcxpczskxi kfcjlcbhli ie

okbivhi fvixlecvk% ysc i ei kplblb jce pscfek ivacbzlbk)

Ei Iovlhi= jc 93 jc Oi|k 94>>% vcnlvlbjkxc ie zvizijk jc ei zvlpec

ielibwi psfelhi ek ysc xlasc7

Cxc zvizijk% pkv ce zlcopk | nkvoi cb ysc di xljk hkbnchhlkbijk% ihsxiv

pcvjsvifecocbzc i xsx iszkvcx jc zvilhlb | hkfivji"

Ei xibavc ivacbzlbi | kvlcbzie jcvvioiji cb ei ascvvi lbgsxzi ysc xc di eec~ijk ie

Piviasi|% jcflcvi hicv akzi i akzi xkfvc eix hifcwix jc ekx iszkvcx jc ei ielibwi"

Ys cx ce zvizijk jc ielibwi% xlbk sb peib xloseijk pivi xiezciv ce zcvvlzkvlk jc sbi

Vcpfelhi lbjcpcbjlcbzc% | vcpivzlvxc ce fkzb jc xsx jcxpkgkx;

\ ie pl jc cxc jkhsocbzk xc ecc ce bkofvc jc sb olcofvk jce akflcvbk

ivacbzlbk)



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Ce olxok jlivlk ivacbzlbk jchi hkb nchdi 96 jc Gselk 94>>% ysc ce

acbcvie Olzvc pkji difcv eecaijk i xcv sb Qixdlbazkb cb ei Iovlhi jce Xsv% pcvk

ysc bk di pixijk bl pixiv jc xcv sb Fceavibk% hkb ei jlncvcbhli jc ysc xzc yscvi

hkbyslxziv ce Piviasi|% pivi Ncvbibjk ^LL% | ce pvcxljcbzc Olzvc pivi Pcjvk LL"

Ce lopkvzibzc jlivlk jc psfelhljij jce Fvixle% ce Jlivlk jk Vk Gibclvk jc :

jc Xczlcofvc 94>1% xc ctpvcxifi cb cxzi nkvoi7

Ce acbcvie Olzvc% di xljk ei blhi hisxi jc ei pvkekbaihlb jc ei ascvvi | jc zibzkx

xihvlnlhlkx lbzlecx dchdkx pkv ce Fvixle" Cb hsibzk eeca ie cgvhlzk% ei ihzl~ljij hcjl ce

pscxzk i ei lbcvhli% ce cbzsxlixok ie ifizlolcbzk% | i ei ivokbi xshcjl ce jcxihscvjk

ox hkopeczk"

Cb Okbzc~ljck% jcxpsx jce vcavcxk jcnlblzl~k jce acbcvie Nekvcx% i ei

Hiplzie jc xs pix% | diflbjkxc ctzcvolbijk ce hkbzlbacbzc Kvlcbzie jc 3000

dkofvcx jc xs oibjk% cb ekx hkofizcx hkb ekx piviasi|kx% ei ixplvihlb pkv

ei piw% nsc isb ox ctpvcxl~i | ox acbcvie% ysc cb Fscbkx Ilvcx" Ce Xlaek% ceox vcxpczifec jc ekx vaibkx jc psfelhljij jc ei Vcpfelhi Kvlcbzie ysc ie

pvlbhlplk cvi pivzljivlk jchljljk jc ei ascvvi hkb ce Piviasi|% xc hkb~lvzl cb

ecie | cbzsxlixzi iolak jc ei piw" Cb xs bocvk jce 69 jc Oi|k 94>1% xc

ctpvcxifi cb cxzkx zvolbkx7

Eix xibavlcbzix gkvbijix jc 6 | 6: jc Oi|k% jcflcvkb dihcv hkopvcbjcv i ekx

akflcvbkx fvixlecvk% ivacbzlbk | kvlcbzie% ysc pvkxcaslv ei eshdi cb zcvvlzkvlk piviasi|k% bkpkjvi zvicv kzvk vcxsezijk% xlbk ce xihvlnlhlk jc lbbsocvifecx ~hzloix | ei pvkekbaihlb

lbjcnlblji jc ei ascvvi"

Nsc bchcxivlk ce jcxixzvc jc Hsvspilz|% pivi ifvlv ekx kgkx i ekx pkezlhkx | i ekx

oivlxhiecx jc xiekbcx% ysc xc nlasvifib ysc cxi eshdi zlzblhi cb ysc ce cbcolak di

jcncbjljk xs zcvvlzkvlk pieok i pieok% difi jc xcv sbi oivhdi zvlsbnie ysc zcvolbivi cb

ei Ixsbhlb"""

Hkbxljcviji okvieocbzc ei hscxzlb% cx zkji~i oi|kv ei svacbhli jc ei piw% zibzkpkvysc xlb ceei ekx pscfekx jce Peizi% bk pscjcb hkbxiavivxc jchljljiocbzc i xs



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kvaiblwihlb lbzcvbi% hsibzk pkvysc ei xlzsihlb lbjcnlblji cb ysc bkx oibzcbcokx% bkx

yslzi zkji vcpvcxcbzihlb cb ce ctzcvlkv"""

Bkx inleliokx cbzvc ekx ysc xkxzlcbcb ei bchcxljij jc ei piw% | hvccokx ysc ei

pvcbxi lesxzviji jc iofix kvleeix jce Peizi% jcfc lbxlxzlv cb cxzc zplhk% | nkvoiv zibzk eikplblb pfelhi% hkok eix jc ekx akflcvbkx"

Dihc sb ik% hsibjk xc ialz cb ei pvcbxi ivacbzlbi | cb ei kvlcbzie% ei hscxzlb jc

ei piw% | jcxjc cbzkbhcx dcokx ~cbljk xkxzcblcbjk xs svacbhli hkbzvi ei kplblb jc ekx

pvlbhlpiecx jlivlkx jc Fscbkx Ilvcx% ysc okxzvifib sb hivhzcv fcelhkxk% jce hsie cxzb

idkvi os| jlxzibzcx"""

Xl cb ei pkhi cb ysc ~cvziokx cxzix olxoix ljcix% ei piw cvi sbi hkb~cblcbhli%

cb ei ihzsieljij di zkoijk sb hivhzcv jc sbi bchcxljij pvcolkxi"

Ei pvcbxi csvkpci xchsbjifi jlabiocbzc ekx cxnscvwkx dchdkx pkv ekx

jlivlkx | ei pkfeihlb jce Vk jc ei Peizi% cb ni~kv jc ei piw" Ekx hkocvhlibzcx%

elaijkx pkv ~bhsekx hkocvhliecx hkb ekx pixcx jc Iovlhi% hkbjcbifib ei

zcvyscjij hkb ysc ekx ielijkx vchdiwifib eix pvkpkxlhlkbcx jc piw ysc ecx

dlhlcvib pixcx iolakx jc Iovlhi | Csvkpi% hkok Cxzijkx Sbljkx% Hdlec% Pcv%

Lbaeizcvvi | kzvkx"

Ce lopkvzibzc jlivlk jc Pivx% Ei Kplblb Bihlkbiejc 66 jc Iakxzk 94>4%

jchi% vcnlvlbjkxc i eix bkzlhlix vceizl~ix i ei piw hkb ce Piviasi|% ek ysc

xlasc7

Kzvix hkbxljcvihlkbcx dib jcfljk iecgiv i eix Vcpfelhix jce Peizi% jc ei ielibwi

$hkbzvc bizsvc, hkb ce Lopcvlk" Sb Copcvijkv isbysc nscvi Hkbxzlzshlkbie% bk pkjvihkbzcopeiv xlb ipvcdcbxlb% iavspivxc% jcxivvkeeiv | pvkxpcviv Cxzijkx vcpsfelhibkx= |

dsfk lopvsjcbhli jc pivzc jc ekx pscfekx jce Peizi% cb sblvxc i sb akflcvbk okbvyslhk

pivi jcxzvslv i sbi Vcpfelhi"

Ce Piviasi|% di pvcxcbzijk% ncelwocbzc pivi e | pivi eix Vcpfelhix jc xs

~chlbjij% sbi nscvwi jc vcxlxzcbhli lbcxpcviji cb Vk jc Gibclvk" I nscvwi jc dcvkxok |

jc ifbcaihlb% dlwk nvcbzc i zkjkx xsx ij~cvxivlkx% jcvvkzbjkecx cb ~ivlix fizieeix% |

nlbieocbzc ecx di ifizljk% hkb xs ijolvifec pcvxc~cvibhli% | xs lbyscfvibzifec vcxkeshlbjc vcxlxzlv dixzi ce ctzvcok"



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Flfelkzchi ^lvzsie jce Piviasi| >:

Eix Vcpfelhix ielijix jce Fvixle% dib hkopvcbjljk% pkv nlb% ei niezi ysc difib

hkoczljk% | ce akflcvbk lopcvlie% ihkbxcgiji yslwx pkv ei Lbaeizcvvi% hkopvcbjl ysc ei

ascvvi pkjvi xcv pivi e sb jcxixzvc% $>, xl ceei xc pvkekbaixc pkv ox eivak zlcopk" Xc

lbhelbi% pscx% dihli ei piw% | sbi vcxkeshlb cb cxzc xcbzljk% bk zivjiv lbjsjifecocbzc ixcv zkoiji cb hkbxljcvihlb" Xlb cofivak% pivchc ysc ekx fvixlecvkx yslcvcb isb zcbziv

sb ezlok cxnscvwk" Ei ascvvi di jsvijk jcoixlijk% | bk di pvkjshljk% dixzi iys%

blbab vcxsezijk% | xl xc pvkekbai ox% bk div xlbk hisxiv vslbix cb ekx pixcx jce

Peizi% pivielwibjk ce hkocvhlk% | ce jcxivvkeek jc ekx pixcx hkopvkoczljkx cb ceei" Ei

Lbaeizcvvi div sbi kfvi colbcbzcocbzc zle% xl hkbxlasc jczcvolbiv ie Lopcvlk jce Fvixle i

vczlviv xs nekzi | xs cgvhlzk jce Piviasi|"

Ce jlivlk lbaex% Ji|e| Zcecavipd% jchi i xs ~cw% ie difeiv jc eix bkzlhlix

jce Peizi vcncvcbzcx i ei piw hkb ce Piviasi|% ek xlaslcbzc7

Dihc zlcopk ysc xc di pcvjljk jc ~lxzi ei hisxi pvlbhlpie jc ei ascvvi jce

Piviasi|= ei pkfeihlb jc cxzi vcpfelhi ihcpzivi jc fscbi aibi eix hkbjlhlkbcx ysc ei

jcgixcb cb pkxcxlb jc sb zcvvlzkvlk ysc zib ~ielcbzcocbzc jcnlcbjc" Eix jcox pkzcbhlix

copecivb xsx fscbkx knlhlkx hkb ce olxok kfgczk" Avihlix i xs ocjlihlb% ce Fvixlepscjc ihcpziv% xlb ysc xs iokv pvkplk xc kncbji% eix hkbjlhlkbcx jc piw ysc bk yscvvi

ihkacv jc pivzc jc Epcw" Bk pkjcokx ocbkx ysc jcxciv ei pvkbzi vcielwihlb jc cxzi

cxpcvibwi% i nlb jc ysc ce jvioi xibavlcbzk ysc xc vcpvcxcbzi jcxjc oshdk zlcopk |i%

cb sbk jc ekx ox fceekx pixcx% eecasc% ie nlb% i xs zvolbk"

Ce lesxzvc ivacbzlbk% Jv" Nekvcbhlk ^ivcei vcnlvlbjkxc ie Piviasi|%

cxziopifi cb eix hkesobix jc xs jlivlk% Hkocvhlk jce Peizi jc 96 jc Cbcvk94>>% cxzix pieifvix7

Zkjkx cxkx psbzkx jce oiblnlcxzk jce Piviasi|% zkjkx cxkx pvlbhlplkx jc xs pkezlhi%

ctpscxzkx cb jlabk | zcopeijk ecbasigc% i pvcxcbhli jc eix bihlkbcx% cbhlcvvib% i gslhlk

bscxzvk% zkjkx ekx cecocbzkx jc sb xlxzcoi jc kvaiblwihlb nszsvi% nsbjijk

> Ce jcxixzvc pvc~lxzk pkv ce jlivlk nvibhx% di xljk ei xspvcxlb jce zvkbk Lopcvlie% pkv ce cgvhlzk vcpsfelhiblwijk%pivi xsxzlzslvec hkb ce akvvk nvlalk"



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cxcbhlieocbzc cb ei gsxzlhli% cb ce vcxpczk i ekx jcvchdkx jce ctzvibgcvk% cb ei flcb

cbzcbjlji | kpkvzsbi elfcvzij jc bi~caihlb | hkocvhlk= cb ei kfxcv~ihlb | vcxpczk jc

ekx pvlbhlplkx hkbxzlzshlkbiecx | kvablhkx jc ekx pscfekx ivacbzlbkx% cb ei kpkxlhlb i

pvczcbxlkbcx ioflhlkxix% ysc zvizib jc nsbjivxc cb ocbzljkx jcvchdkx% jcvl~ijkx jcevalocb hkekblie% | nlbieocbzc cb ce cxzifechlolcbzk jc akflcvbkx jc elfvc cechhlb% | jc

vcxpkbxifleljij hkbxzlzshlkbie"

Ce Jv" Oibsce Ieacvlhd% jlabk hkopizvlkzi jc ei ~hzloi jc eix elfcvzijcx

pfelhix jc xs pizvli% ce hlzijk Nekvcbhlk ^ivcei% xc di ctpvcxijk cb sbi hivzi

jlvlalji ie jlivlk Ei Iovlhi jc Fscbkx Ilvcx cb cxzkx zvolbkx7

Ce oie jc ei pkezlhi jce acbcvie Olzvc di cxzijk cb bk difcv lopcjljk ei ascvvi%

hkok psjk lopcjlvei hkb sb pkhk jc fscbi ~kesbzij= | cxzi cx xs ox avibjc niezi"""

Ce hkekxk jc Ekbjvcx% ce Zlocx jc Gsblk 94>4 cb ~lxzi jc eix ihsxihlkbcx

~lkecbzix jc ei pvcbxi jc Fscbkx Ilvcx% | jc ekx iacbzcx jc ei zvlpec ielibwi

vcxljcbzcx cb Csvkpi% ie Oivlxhie Epcw% jchi7

Bk xifcokx dixzi ys psbzk zlcbcb jcvchdk ekx cbcolakx jce Piviasi| pivi

ihsxiv i Epcw% jc fvfivk" Bk ecx yscji i ekx piviasi|kx kzvk vchsvxk ysc ei

vcxlxzcbhli% | ce dkofvc ysc xc cbhscbzvi ie nvcbzc jc xs akflcvbk% bk pkjvi pcjlv i ekx

dkofvcx | i eix osgcvcx zib kbcvkxkx xihvlnlhlkx% hkok ekx ysc di kfzcbljk% xl ce lbxzlbzk

jce xihvlnlhlk bk nscvi zib pvknsbjk cb ce hkviwb jce ezlok piviasi|k% hkok cb ce jce

dkofvc i yslcb xsx cbcolakx ec eeioib7 ce hkfivjc | hvsce Epcw $Ei Aiwczzc jcNvibhc jc Pivx ek vcpvkjsgk ce 80 jc Gsblk jc 94>4",

Ekx vcpvcxcbzibzcx jlpekozlhkx jc Lbaeizcvvi% ihvcjlzijkx cb Fscbkx

Ilvcx% xc lbxplvifib acbcvieocbzc cb ekx xcbzlolcbzkx jc pivhlieljij | jc

dkxzleljij dihi ce Piviasi|% ysc xc lbnlezvifib jc ei izoxncvi jce esaiv jc xs

vcxljcbhli" Ix% eix hkvvcxpkbjcbhlix jlpekozlhix jce olblxzvk Oizdcq%

vcxljcbzc cb ei hiplzie Ivacbzlbi% psfelhijix cb ce Fesc Fkkmjce olblxzcvlk jcVceihlkbcx Ctzcvlkvcx $Nkvclba Knnlhc%, lfib peiaijix jc niexcjijcx | jc



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Flfelkzchi ^lvzsie jce Piviasi| >>

pvcjlxpkxlhlb hkbzvi ce akfcvbibzc piviasi|k Oivlxhie Epcw" I cxzc hielnlhifi

jc akflcvbk jcxpzlhk% hkbzvivlk i zkjk pvlbhlplk% sbi iocbiwi pcvoibcbzc |

sbi nscbzc jc pcelavkx pivi ei Vcpfelhi Ivacbzlbi"""

Cxzc ecbasigc jce iacbzc jlpekozlhk jc sbi bihlb iolai jce Piviasi|%ysc zcbi ihvcjlziji sbi ecaihlb cb Ekbjvcx% cx jc zkjk psbzk lbhkopizlfec

hkb ce hivhzcv pfelhk ysc lb~cxzi ce xckv Oizdcq% | hkbzvivlk i ekx

pvlbhlplkx jc bcszvieljij ysc eix ec|cx lbzcvbihlkbiecx cxzifechcb% hkok vcaei

jc ei hkbjshzi jc eix bihlkbcx hl~lelwijix"

Pivi jcokxzviv dixzi ys psbzk di eec~ijk ce xckv Oizdcq ei pivhlieljij

| ei niexcjij jc xsx lbnkvocx jlpekozlhkx% vcpvkjshlokx i hkbzlbsihlb

ieasbix ebcix jc xsx bkzix jlvlaljix i xs akflcvbk% ce 94 | 61 jc Oi|k 94>17

Ce Oivlxhie Epcw di dchdk xsx cxzsjlkx olelzivcx cb ei Cxhscei Pkelzhblhi jc

Pivx% cb hieljij jc iesobk ctzcvbk% jsvibzc ekx ikx 9438/3:% | zko pivzc cb eix nleix

jce cgvhlzk nvibhx cb ei ascvvi jc Hvloci"

Zie di xljk ei ~cvihljijjc ekx lbnkvocx jce jlpekozlhk lbaex ihvcjlzijkhcvhi jce akflcvbk vl~ie jce Piviasi|" Kgie ysc% hkok inlvoi niexiocbzc ce

xckv Oizdcq% ce Oivlxhie Epcw dsflcvi dchdk xsx cxzsjlkx olelzivcx cb ei

vcbkofviji Cxhscei Pkelzhblhi jc Nvibhli= cbzkbhcx ei jlvchhlb% | ce

vcxsezijk jc ei ascvvi jc ei zvlpec ielibwi hkbzvi ce Piviasi|% difvi xljk

jlxzlbzk ie ysc zs~k cb 9410"

Ziopkhk ce acbcvie Epcw zs~k ce dkbkv jc zkoiv pivzc cb eix nleix jce

cgvhlzk nvibhx% cb ei ascvvi jc Hvloci" Nsc x i Csvkpi cb ei pkhi i ysc xc

vcncvi ce xckv Oizdcq% pcvk cb hieljij jc pecblpkzcbhlivlk jce akflcvbk jce

Piviasi|% hcvhi jc ~ivlix Hkvzcx jc Csvkpi"

Cb ce ocbxigc jc ipcvzsvi jce piveiocbzk fvixlecvk cb 94>4 ce Copcvijkv

Pcjvk LL% xc ctpvcxifi cb cxzkx zvolbkx"

Ie akflcvbk jce Fvixle | ie jc eix Vcpfelhix Ivacbzlbi | Svsasi|% knvchl jc bsc~k

ce akflcvbk jc ekx Cxzijkx Sbljkx jc Iovlhi% xs iolxzkxi ocjlihlb% pivi cevcxzifechlolcbzk jc ei piw hkb ce Piviasi|"



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Iavijchlcbjk jcheiv jc bsc~k ce akflcvbk jce Fvixle% jc ihscvjk hkb ekx jc eix

Vcpfelhix ielijix% ysc xsfxlxzlcbjk nsbjijix% pkv ekx ezlokx zvlsbnkx% eix olxoix

viwkbcx ysc lopljlcvkb ei ihcpzihlb jce pvlocv knvchlolcbzk bk pkji zcbcv cb cxzi

khixlb jl~cvxk pivchcv"

Hsib cvvijk ibjifi cbzkbhcx% vcpczlokx% Xs Oigcxzij jkb Pcjvk jc

Iehbzivi ie jcgiv pkv ox zlcopk i xsx cgvhlzkx lopcvliecx cb pcelavkxk

hkbxkvhlk nvizcvbie hkb ekx cgvhlzkx vcpsfelhibkx jce Peizi" Pivchc ysc ce

okbivhi fvixlecvk labkvifi hsb hkbzialkxix xkb eix ljcix jcokhvzlhix"

Ijcox bk zcbi cb hscbzi ce cgcopek jc ei hkbjshzi jce ieolvibzc cxpike

Zkpczc= i xs vcavcx i Cxpii% jc xs ctpcjlhlb oivzloi hkbzvi ekx Cxzijkxvcpsfelhibkx jce Pihnlhk"

Jc oibcvi ysc difi ce vlcxak jc ysc cxkx olxokx cgvhlzkx lopcvliecx

ysc ocjlibzc xs nscvwi bsovlhi% | eix ~cbzigix jc xs hkbzihzk pcvoibcbzc

hkb ce osbjk hlcbznlhk | hkocvhlie psjlcvib% ie nlb% ~cbhcv i ekx ~ielcbzcx dlgkx

jce Piviasi|% xc cbhivaivib% cb xcaslji% jc ei xspvcxlb jce zvkbk lopcvliejc

jkb Pcjvk LL | jc jiv i xzc xs pixipkvzc pivi ce ~lcgk osbjk% jkbjc

zcvolbivi xsx jix"Cvi% cb cnchzk% sbi ifcvvihlb cxhibjiekxi jc jkb Pcjvk | jc xsx ielijkx

ce vchdiwk% pkv ox jc sbi ~cw% xlb ctiocb% xlb vcnectlb ei ocjlihlb

knvchlji pkv ce akflcvbk jc ekx Cxzijkx Sbljkx"

Ys okzl~kx zcbib pivi bk zkoiv xlyslcvi cb hkbxljcvihlb% ei kncvzi jc

ei ocjlihlb jc sbi pkjcvkxi bihlb iolai;

Cb ei pvhzlhi jc eix bihlkbcx hsezix jce xlaek TLT% eix eshdix ivoijix |

eix jlncvcbhlix zcvolbib hsibjk eix pivzcx jlxljcbzcx xc xizlxnihcb jc ekxokzl~kx ysc eix eec~ivkb i ei ascvvi"

Xl xc kfzlcbc cxi xizlxnihhlb pkv ocjlk jc ivvcaekx hkbhlelizkvlkx |

pihnlhkx% zkjk ce osbjk xc ncelhlzi jc difcv cxhipijk i eix hieioljijcx jc ei

ascvvi"

Jkb Pcjvk | xsx ielijkx xc dlhlcvkb xkvjkx ie heiokv pfelhk pkv ei piw" Bk

xc dihc% | bk xc pvkxlasc ei ascvvi% xlbk hsibjk bk di| ocjlk jc vcjshlv i ei

viwb ie ij~cvxivlk copcjcvbljk" Cb hsibzk ie Piviasi|% cxzifi xlcopvc



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jlxpscxzk i zviziv jc ei piw"

Vcxshlzibjk ekx zlcopkx jc cjijcx fvfivix% ekx ielijkx jcxchdivkb ekx

fscbkx knlhlkx jc bihlkbcx iolaix% ysc xc cxnkvwifib cb nihlelziv ekx ivvcaekx

pihnlhkx cbzvc pscfekx ~chlbkx | iolakx" Kpzivkb pkv ei ascvvi i zkjk zvibhc%| hkok blhk ocjlk jc kfzcbcv xizlxnihhlb"

Pkhkx xkb ekx cgcopekx cb bscxzvk xlaek jc ekx pixcx jce osbjk% ysc jcb

cxc cxhbjiek jc fivfivlc ysc jlcvkb ekx akfcvbibzcx jc ei zvlpec ielibwi%

xcavcabjkxc jc ei hkosbljij hl~lelwiji"

Ys viwkbcx zcbib pivi vchdiwiv ekx fscbkx knlhlkx jc Hdlec | xsx

ielijkx% jc Cxzijkx Sbljkx% jc Lbaeizcvvi% jc Nvibhli;

Ekx ielijkx jlcvkb pvczctzkx% pcvk bk viwkbcx"

Ie akflcvbk jc Hdlec xc ec hkbzcxz ysc ce dkbkv bihlkbie lopcji ce

ihcpzivei% pkvysc cvi bchcxivli ei ascvvi% pivi ~lbjlhiv ei lb~ixlb i

Hkvvlcbzcx"

Ie akflcvbk jc ekx Cxzijkx Sbljkx xc ec vcxpkbjl cb 94>1% ysc ei ascvvi

zkhifi i xs zvolbk% | ysc cvi lbkpkvzsbi ei ocjlihlb" Pkxzcvlkvocbzc xc ec

hkbzcxz i cxzc olxok akflcvbk% pkv xcasbji ~cw% ysc ei ascvvi zcvolbifi pkvzvlsbnkx kfzcbljkx% | ysc ix ei ocjlihlb bk zcbi viwb jc xcv"

Xlb cofivak% ei ascvvi xcasi= Dsoilz cxzifi cb pl hkb zkjix xsx

nkvzlnlhihlkbcx% | zkjk ce pix xc oiblncxzifi lbhkbyslxzifec% | cxzifi

jcncbjlji pkv sb cgvhlzk lb~cbhlfec jce nibizlxok pizvlk% jc zkjkx ekx

piviasi|kx"

Eix cthsxix ysc jifib hkok viwkbcx% cvib nivxix lbjlabix jc akflcvbkx

pvczcbjljkx xcvlkx"Flcb heivk xc ~ci ysc ekx ielijkx bk yscvib ei ocjlihlb% pkvysc xc

difib pvkpscxzk xlbk ei hkbyslxzi ie ocbkx ei jcxocofvihlb | vslbi jce

Piviasi|% | cx pkv cxk ysc pvkxlaslcvkb ei ascvvi dixzi ce ctzcvolblk

hkopeczk jce pscfek piviasi|k"

Cvi sbi hvscejij% sbi fivfivlc% xlb cgcopek% cb eix ascvvix okjcvbix"



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Flfelkzchi ^lvzsie jce Piviasi| > Ek ysc ce Piviasi| pljc Ek ysc cb vcieljij xlv~cb ekx ielijkx Xkek xc zvizi jc lopcjlv ei

hkosblhihlb hkb ce ctzcvlkv Jlxpkbcv i Lbaeizcvvi i knvchcv xsx fscbkx knlhlkx Kzvix bkzix ie

gcnc jce Nkvclab Knnlhc Fixcx jc jlxhsxlb ysc ce Piviasi| ihcpzivi Hkbxchscbhlix lbc~lzifecx

| hkopecocbzivlix Cecocbzk jc nscvwix pcvjljk pivi ce Piviasi| ^i jc Fkel~li bk cx

lopvihzlhifec Lbacblcvkx | ochblhkx lbaecxcx hkbzvizijkx Ei kplblb pfelhi cb ekx pixcx

ielijkx pljc ei piw Bkzi jlvlalji ie akflcvbk fvlzblhk Ocjlkx jc ixcasviv ei elfcvzij jc

bi~caihlb nes~lie Ce psbzk jc ei hscxzlb Ijdcxlb ie zvizijk jc 90 jc Gselk 9438 Hkok ec|

hkob | acbcvie"

I pvlbhlplkx jce ik 94>4 vchlf i ol vzsek cb ei ecaihlb ei

hkvvcxpkbjcbhli knlhlie jce akflcvbk jc ei Vcpfelhi" Hkbzcbi ce eeioiolcbzk

ie Piviasi| jce Cbhivaijk jc Bcakhlkx% Jkb Hbjljk Fivclvk% | ol

bkofviolcbzk lbzcvlbk% cb ce olxok hivhzcv% olcbzvix jsvixc xs isxcbhli"

Cb hkbxchscbhli% Fivclvk oc dlwk cbzvcai jc ei ecaihlb hkb xs ivhdl~k=

pcvk xlb blbasbi heixc jc vchsvxkx pivi xkxzcbcvei" Pkv ol pivzc occbhkbzvifi cb iysceekx okocbzkx hkvzijk jc ocjlkx pchsblivlkx% diflcbjk

dchdk hkbxzibzcocbzc% xcab xc vcncvlv ox ijceibzc% jcxcofkexkx jc ol

pchselk pivzlhseiv cb zvifigkx jc pvcbxi% czh"

Ix% cb hsibzk oc dlhc hivak jc ei ecaihlb | pvcxcbz olx hvcjcbhliecx i

ekx akflcvbkx jc Nvibhli | jc Lbaeizcvvi% pvkhcj i ei ~cbzi jc ekx esgkxkx

oscfecx | hivvsigcx jc ei ecaihlb% i nlb jc kfzcbcv ekx vchsvxkx bchcxivlkx

pivi xsnviaiv ekx aixzkx jc vcpvcxcbzihlb | xcv~lhlkx jc ei Vcpfelhi" Ieysle



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sbi hixi okjcxzi cb zvcx ole nvibhkx ie ik $* >00, cb ce Fksec~ivj

Oiecxdcvfcx% bo" 99% cb esaiv jc ei ysc zcbi ei ecaihlb cb ekx Hiopkx

Ce|xckx bso"


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Xckv Olblxzvk7

Cxzk| lbnkvoijk pkv hkbjshzkx nljcjlabkx ysc cb ekx pscvzkx jc Oivxceei | jc

Fsvjckx xc dihcb cbvkeiolcbzkx jc xfjlzkx nvibhcxcx% lzielibkx% xslwkx | cxpikecx% pkv

iacbzcx jc ekx Akflcvbkx jce Fvixle | jc ei Vcpfelhi Ivacbzlbi ysc xc cb~ibhkbxzib

Anales - DIPLOMÁTICO Y MILITAR DE LA GUERRA DEL PARAGUAY - TOMO II - Paraguay - PortalGuarani

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Transcript of Anales - DIPLOMÁTICO Y MILITAR DE LA GUERRA DEL PARAGUAY - TOMO II - Paraguay - PortalGuarani