[0] Cursos - Gramatica de Ingles

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GRAMTICA DE INGLS

Preguntas con palabras de pregunta1.

What (qu)Who (quin)

Which (Cul)When (Cundo)Why (Por qu)Whose (De quin)How (Cmo)Where (Dnde)

Preguntas sin palabra de pregunta2.

Estas preguntas se responden con yes o no (si o no)

Preguntas con un verbo auxiliar3.

Para interrogacin el orden es: verbo+sujeto+complementos

Preguntas sin verbo auxiliar4.

En el Past Simple y en el Present Simple, se utiliza Do/Does (Present Simple) y Did (Past Simple), paraformular preguntas.

Present Continuous

Forma1.

To be + verb + ing (present participle)

Postitivo y negativo2.

Im (am) working

He

She

It

s (is)

isntworkingWe

You

Theyre (are)

arentworking

Pregunta3.

Whatam i wearing?

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Whatis

He

She

itwearing?

What

are

We

You

theywearing?

Respuesta corta4.

Yes, I am

No, Im not

Yes, he is

No, he isnt

Yes, they are

No, they arent

Nota:

No se usan contracciones en las respuestas cortas

Uso5.

Para expresar una actividad que est pasando ahora.Para expresar una actividad que est pasando ahora, pero no en el momento de hablar.Para expresar un futuro planeado y muy ajustado

Present Simple

Forma1.

Sujeto + verbo + complementos

Positivo y negativo2.

I

We

You

Theylive near hereHelives near hear

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She

It

Pregunta3.

Where do

I

We

You

Theylive?

Where does

He

She

Itlives ?

Uso4.

Para expresar hbitosPara expresar un hecho que siempre es verdadPara expresar un hecho que es verdad por un perodo largo de tiempo

Have/have got

Positivo1.

I

We

You

They Have

ve gottwo sistersHe

She

ItHas

s got two sistersNegativo2.

I

We

You

They Dont have

Havent got

any money

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He

She

ItDoesnt have

Hasnt gotany money

Pregunta3.

Do

I

We

You

Theyhave a car?

Does

He

She

Ithave a car?

Have

I

We

You

Theygot a car?

Has

He

She

Itgot a car?

Respuesta corta4.

Yes, I have / Yes I do

No, I havent / No, I dont

Yes, he has / Yes he does

No, he hasnt / No he doesnt

Nota

Se pueden usar contracciones con have got, pero con have no.

Uso5.

Have y have got significan lo mismo (haber / tener), pero have got es informal.

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He

Etc.

Respuesta corta5.

Yes, I did

No, I didnt

Uso6.

Para expresar una accin acabada en el pasado.Para expresar las acciones que siguen en una historia.

Nota

Con el Past Simple, se suelen usar expresiones como:

Last year, last month, yesterday, tomorrow, in 1945, five years ago...

Past Continuous

Forma1.

Was/were (pasaso del verbo to be) + verbo + ing (present participle)


I

He

She

It Was

Wasnt (was not)workingWe

You

They Were

Werent (were not) working3. Pregunta

Whatwas

I

He

She

Itdoing?

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Whatwere

We

You

Theydoing?

4. Respuesta corta

Yes, I was / No, I wasnt

Yes, they were / No, they werent

5. Uso

Para expresar una accin pasada por encima de un perodo de tiempo.

6. Interrupted action

I was doing my homework, when she arrived.

When she arrived, I was doing my homework.

Nota

En las historias en Past Continuous, se usa para describir la escena y con el Past Simple se cuenta la accin.

The Passive

Forma1.

Am/is/are (to be) +verb + ed (past participle)Was/were (past to be)

+ verb +ed (past participle)Has/have been

+ verb +ed (past participle)

Presente2.

Positivo y negativo

English is spoken all over the world (positivo)

Coffe isnt grown in England (negativo)

Pregunta

Where is rice grown?

3. Pasado

Positivo y negativo

My car was stolen last night (negativo)

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He wasnt injuried in the accident (positivo)

Pregunta

How was the window broken?

Present Perfect3.

Positivo y negativo

Ive been robbed (positivo)

Diet Coke hansnt been made since 1987 (negativo)

Pregunta

Has my car been repaired?

Respuestas cortas

Yes, they are/ No, they arent

Yes, he was/ No, he wasnt

Yes, it has/ No, it hasnt

Nota

The Passive con infinitivo (to be + verbo + ed), se utiliza despus de un verbo modal.

Uso4.

El O.D. de un verbo activo se convierte en sujeto de un verbo pasivo.Otro camino de expresar la misma oracin, pero en pasiva. Elegimos una u otra dependiendodel inters.

Gustos

Positivo Negativo

Adore Loathe

Love Hate

Really like Really dislike

Quite like Dislike

Like Dont like

Conditionals

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Type 1: Possible

If+ present+ ........+ future (will/wont)

Ej:

If it rains, Ill take my umbrella

Type 2: Unlikely/Unreal

If+ past simple+ ........+ conditional (would/could)

Ej:

If it rained, Ill take my umbrella

Type 3: Impossible

If+ past perfect + ........ + conditional perfect (would/could + have+ past participle)

Ej:

If it had rained, Id have taken my umbrella

Present Perfect Simple

Forma:1.

Have/Has + past participle (ed )

Positivo y negativo:2.

I

We

You

They ve (have)

haventworked in a factoryHe

SheIt s (has)

hasntworked in a factory

Pregunta3.

HaveI

We

You

been to United States?

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They

Has

He

She

Itbeen to United States?

Respuesta corta4.

Yes, I have/ No,I havent

Yes, she has/ No, she hasnt

Uso5.

Para expresar una accin que empieza en el pasado y continua en el presente.

Ever Alguna vez

Never Nunca

For+ perodo de tiempo

Since+ comienzo de perodo de tiempo

YetYa (en pregunta y negativa)

AlreadyYa (en afirmativa)

Just Justo, acabo, accin realizada recientemente

Have you ever been to Ireland?

I have never been to Ireland

I have been in Ireland for nine years/ a long time

I have been in Ireland since I was born/1945

Have you done your homework yet?

I havent done my homework yet

I have already done my homework

I have just done my homework

Going to

Forma1.

To be+ going + to + infinitivo

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Im (am)

m notgoing to work

He

She

Its (is)

isntgoing to workWe

You

Theyre (are)

arentgoing to work

Pregunta3.

Whenam I going to arrive?

WhenIs

He

She

Itgoing to arrive?

Whenare

We

You

theygoing to arrive?

Respuesta corta4.

Yes, they are/ No, they arent

Yes, he is/ No, he isnt

Yes, I am/ No, Im not

Uso5.

Para expresar una intencin futura hecha antes del momento de hablar.

Para algo que podemos ver o sentir y puede pasar en el futuro.

What........like?

Forma1.

What+ to be+ subject + like?

Positivo2.

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Forma1.

Subject+ had + verb + past participle (ed)


I

He

She

It

We

You

They d (had)

hadnt arrived before 10:00Pregunta3.

Had

I

He

She

It

We

You

Theyleft?

Respuesta corta4.

Yes, it had/ No, it hadnt

Uso5.

Se usa para expresar una accin en el pasado, que pas antes de otra accin en el pasado.

Have to

Forma1.

Has/have + to + participio


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I

We

You

TheyHave

Dont have

to work hardHe

She

It Has

Doesnt haveto work hard

Pregunta3.

Do

I

We

You

TheyHave to work hard?

Does

He

She

ItHave to work hard?

Respuesta corta4.

Yes, I do/ No, I dont

Yes, he does/ No, he doesnt

Uso5.

Para expresar obligacin fuerte que viene de fuera.

Modal verbs

Formas1.

Can/could

May/might

Shall/should

Will/would

Must/mustnt

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Neednt

Usos2.

Must: rdenes, prohibicin en negativo

Should: Consejos, sugerencias

Might: Menos posible de 50%

May: 50% posible

Neednt: No necesario

Necesidad: Must

Prohibicin: Mustnt

No necesario: neednt

Consejo: Should, shouldnt

Permiso: Can, could, may

Capacidad: Can, could

Solicitar: Could, will, would

Respuesta: Would, Shall

3. Caractersticas

Mismas formas en todas las personasNo se usa el to (excepto para ought to)Para el negativo se aade not o nt, nunca dont o doesntA may y might no se aade nt, sino notPara preguntas verbo antes del sujetoWill not=wontPast can=Could

Should

Forma1.

Should + infinitivo ( sin to)


I

Heshould do more exercises

shouldnt tell lies

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We

They

Etc.

Pregunta3.

Should

I

She

Theysee a doctor

Do you think

I

He

We

Theyshould see a doctor?

Respuesta corta4.

Yes, you should/ No, you shouldnt

Uso5.

Para expresar lo que el que habla piensa est bien o es la mejor cosa para hacer.Expresa ligera obligacin o consejo.

Shouldnt expresa un consejo negativo.

Might

Forma1.

Might + infinitivo (sin to)

Sus formas son las mismas en todas las personas


I

He

It

We

Etc. Might

Might not

go to the party

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Pregunta3.

What did you used to do?

Respuesta corta4.

Yes, I did/ No, I didnt

Uso5.

Para expresar un hbito pasado.Para expresar un estado pasado.

Nota6.

La forma de pregunta no es muy corriente.

A veces se pregunta en el Past Simple, y se responde con used to.

Never se utiliza mucho

Ej: I never used to watch TV

No confundirlo con el verbo to use.

Verbos irregulares

INFINITIVESIMPLE PAST PAST PARTICIPLE TRANSLATION

BecomeBecame Become Convertirse

Break

Broke Broken RomperBringBrought Brought Traer

BuildBuilt Built Edificar

BuyBought Bought Comprar

CanCould Could Poder

CatchCaught Caught Tomar

ComeCame Come Venir

CostCost Cost Costar

DoDid Done Hacer

DrawDrew Drawn Dibujar

Dream Dreamed Dreamt SoarDrink

Drank Drunk BeberDrive

Drove Driven ConducirEat

Ate Eaten ComerFall

Fell Fallen CaerFeel

Felt Felt SentirFind

Found Found EncontrarFly

Flew Flown VolarForget

Forgot Forgotten Olvidar

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GetGot Got Ponerse

GiveGave Given Dar

GoWent Gone Ir

HaveHad Had Haber o tener

HearHeard Heard Oir

HurtHurt Hurt Herir

KnowKnew Known SaberLeadLed Led Llevar

LearnLearnt Learnt Aprender

LeaveLeft Left Salir

LendLent Lent Prestar

LieLay / Lied Lain/ Lied Mentir/ Estar tumbado

MakeMade Made Hacer

MeetMet Met Conocer

PayPaid Paid Pagar

Put

Put Put PonerRead Read Read LeerRun

Ran Run CorrerSay

Said Said DecirSee

Saw Saw VerSell

Sold Sold VenderSend

Sent Sent EnviarShow

Showed Showed MostrarSing

Sang Sung CantarSit

Sat Sat SentarseSleep Slept Slept DormirSpeak

Spoke Spoken HablarSpend

Spent Spent GastarStand

Stood Stood Estar de pieSwim

Swam Swum NadarTake

Took Token CogerTell

Told Told ContarThink

Thought Thought PensarWake up

Woke up Woken up Despertarse

Wear Wore Worn Vestir/ LlevarWill

WriteWrote Written Escribir

WinWon Won Ganar

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