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11/19/19
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Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved
First Ionization Energy versus Atomic Number for the Elements through
79
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Trends in Ionization Energy
80
11/19/19
2
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Trends in Successive Ionization Energies• Removal of each successive electron
costs more energy.– Shrinkage in size due to having
more protons than electrons– Outer electrons closer to the
nucleus; therefore harder to remove
• There’s a regular increase in energy for each successive valence electron.
• There’s a large increase in energy when core electrons are removed.
85
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Trends in Second and Successive Ionization Energies
86
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11/19/19
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Electron Affinities of Selected Main-Group Elements
93
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Periodic Trends Summary
101