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Nitrogen
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Discovery
Inventor: Daniel Rutherford
Year: 1772
Name of element: Nitrogen
ntoine Lavoisier menyebut nitrogenengan nama “aote!" berarti atmas# Dinama$an at lemas $arena ati tida$ a$tif berea$si dengan unsur
innya
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Minerals
%otassium Nitrate" #
used as fertilier and solid o&idier in ro'$et#
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)hile salt*eter"
used as fertilier" medi'al *rodu'ts" +re,or$s" e&*losives"
*igment" food *reservative" o&idier in ro'$et#
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Isotopes
-here are t,o stable isoto*es of nitrogen
1.N /00"3
14N /5". 3
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%rodu'e Isolation of nitrogen
Nitrogen is se*arated fromthe Air ,ith theli6uefa'tion follo,ed bydistillation
%rodu'e from ammoniumnitrate
N.N82/a63 9 N2/g3 228/l3
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8&idation stateOxidation state Examples of Compounds
-3 NH3 ( ammonia
-! N. /ammonium ion3
-" N28 /hydro&ylamine 3
# N2 /nitrogen gas3
$" N28/dinitrogen mono&ide3
$! NO(nitro%en oxides
$3 N28;/nitrogen trio&ide3
HNO!(citric acid
$&
N82 /nitrogen dio&ide3
N28./dinitrogen tetrao$sida3
$'
N284 /nitrogen *entao$sida3
N8; /nitri' a'id3
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Compounds
Nitro%en Oxides
Nitrogen 'an 'ombine ,ith o&ygen to form o&ides,ith di
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b# Nitrous o&ide" N28#
@onovalent nitrogen o&ides# %yrolysis of ammonium nitrate
,ill *rodu'e this o&ide by the rea'tion:
N.N8; 9 N28 2 28 /heating at 245 )3#
'# Dinitrogen trio&ide" N28;#
-he o&idation number of nitrogen in these 'om*ounds is ;"this 'om*ound is unstable and de'om*oses into N8 and N82
at room tem*erature#
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d# Nitrogen dio&ide N82#
-hese 'om*ounds 'an form a dimer dinitrogen tetrao$sida"
N28." 'olorless" namely the merger bet,een N82 ,ithN82#
N28. 'an be *rodu'ed by *yrolysis of lead nitrate
2 %b /N8;3 2 9 .N82 2%b8 82 at .55o
)
Bhen N82 dissolved in ,ater *rodu'ed nitri' a'id and
nitri':
2 N82 28 9 N8; N82
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e# Dinitrogen *entao$sida" N284#
Nitrous *entao$sida obtained ,hen 'on'entrated nitri'
a'id is slo,ly dehydrated ,ith *hos*horus *ento&ide at lo,tem*eratures#
2 N8; N284 28
Bhen dissolved in ,ater *rodu'ed nitri' a'id# Dinitrogen*ento&ide also 'alled anhydrous nitri' a'id#
N284 28 9 2 N8;
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Oxyacid Nitro%en
8&ya'id of nitrogen that 'an be en'ountered is 2N282
/hi*onitrit a'id3" N82 /nitrous a'id3" N8; /nitri' a'id3 andN8. /*ero&ynitrite a'id3#
Rea'tions of Nitrogen" ,ith:
a# 8&ygen
-hen" 'om*ound of N8 ,ill rea't to form N82" ,ith the
follo,ing rea'tion#
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b# ydrogen
Ammonia manufa'turing *ro'ess 'alled the aber Cos'h
*ro'ess#
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)e use of ammonia
Nitri' a'id industries /3#
or the manufa'ture of urea /)83 and EA /E,velamonia3 /3#
-o ma$e ammonium 'hloride /)l3 on the battery#
As 'ooling in an i'e fa'tory#
-o ma$e hydraine /3 as a ro'$et fuel#
or the manufa'ture of e&*losives" a *lasti' *a*er" anddetergents#
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'# Nitrit A'id
@anufa'ture of ammonia is the 8st,ald *ro'ess# At +rstammonia is o&idied"
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-he use of nitri' a'id:
-o ma$e fertilier ammonium nitrate /3#
-he laun'h of the missile" using nitri' a'id anddimetilhidrain" #
-o ma$e e&*losives" su'h as -N- /trinitrotoluene3"nitroligserin" and nitro'ellulose#
As nitration organi' 'om*ound that is used for the*rodu'tion of dyes" *harma'euti'als" *esti'ides" anddetergan#
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d# alogen
-he rea'tion is 'ommon is by forming Fuorine triFuorideN2 /g3 ;2 /g3 9 2N; /g3
e# Nitrogen rea'ts ,ith metals to form an ioni' nitride
f# Nitrogen does not rea't ,ith ,ater" a'ids and base
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g# ydraine" N2GN2
N; 8)l N2)l 8G
N2)l 8G N;N2. )lG 28
Rea$si $eseluruhan :
2 N; 8)lN2. )lG 28
h# Nitride
; @g/N232 @g;N2 . N;
i# -he hydrauli' a'id or hydrogen aide" N;N2. N82 N; 2 28
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)e Nitro%en Cycle
Nitrogen +&ation
Assimilation
Amoni+$asi Nitri+'ation
Denitri+'ation
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*unction
-he 'ommer'ial use of nitrogen is as a 'om*onent in the manufa'tureof ammonia" ,hi'h is then used as fertilier and to *rodu'e nitri'a'id#
Hsed to ma$e nitrogen fertiliers" su'h as urea /)83 and /EA3#
Li6uid nitrogen /often referred to as 3 is used as a refrigerant forfreeing food *rodu'ts" to *reserve re*rodu'tive 'ells /s*erm andegg3" and for storage of biologi'al sam*les#
Nitration of organi' 'om*ounds" su'h as nitroGgly'erine andtrinitrotoluene" 'ommonly used as an e&*losive#
As the veil of inert gas to remove o&ygen in the manufa'ture ofele'troni' e6ui*ment for inert o,ned *ro*erties#
Hsed as a 'oolant to 'reate a lo, tem*erature" for e&am*le in thefood *ro'essing industry#
@a$e room for the storage of inert e&*losive substan'es#
illing the em*ty s*a'e inside the thermometer to redu'e theeva*oration of mer'ury#
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Isolation
Laboratory >'ale: heating the salt solution'ontaining ammonia and nitrite salts#
N. /a63 N8 2 /a63 N2 /g3 228 /l3
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%re*aration of nitrogen from ammonium nitrate#
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2# )ommer'ially obtained from the fra'tional distillation of air/the linden and 'laude3#
;# In the laboratory of thermal de'om*osition of ammoniumnitrite 'om*ounds )N.N82 by heating# -he rea'tion ,as as
follo,s:
)N.N82 /s3 9 N2 /g3 2 28 /l3
.# In the industry" by ,ay of terra'ed destru'tion andli6uefa'tion /distillation udara'air3 for N2 having a boiling *oint
lo,er than the +rst 82 then it eva*orates as the +rst fra'tion4# s*e'tros'o*e *ure N2 is made by the thermal de'om*ositionNatriumCarium aide# -he follo,ing rea'tion:
NaN; 9 2 Na ; N2
# eating N.N82 through the follo,ing rea'tion:
N.N82 9 N2 2 28
7# 8&idation of N; through the follo,ing rea'tion:
2 N; ;)u8 9 N2 ;28 ;)u
# Distillation /re+ning3 storey of li6uid air#