W192 Asignaci.n de los Beneficios de las Subvenciones - Do. · Acuerdo SMC, como por ejemplo el...

ORGANIZACIÓN MUNDIAL

DEL COMERCIO TN/RL/W/192 23 de noviembre de 2005

(05-5524)

Grupo de Negociación sobre las Normas Original: inglés

ASIGNACIÓN DE LOS BENEFICIOS DE LAS SUBVENCIONES

Documento presentado por el Brasil La siguiente comunicación, de fecha 15 de noviembre de 2005, se distribuye a petición de la delegación del Brasil.

_______________ I. OBSERVACIONES PRELIMINARES1

1. En el presente documento se formulan observaciones sobre el documento recapitulativo presentado por los Estados Unidos acerca de cuándo y cómo asignar los beneficios de las subvenciones a lo largo del tiempo.2 En particular, nos centramos en la forma en que la posición de los Estados Unidos se relaciona con los derechos y obligaciones establecidos en la Parte III del Acuerdo sobre Subvenciones y Medidas Compensatorias ("Acuerdo SMC"). Concretamente, analizamos si en el contexto de las disciplinas multilaterales aplicables al perjuicio grave:

a) debería aplicarse a otras partes del Acuerdo SMC el enfoque de asignación de los beneficios de las subvenciones utilizado en la Parte V del Acuerdo SMC; y

b) debería considerarse que los efectos de las subvenciones coinciden siempre temporalmente con los beneficios de las subvenciones.

II. ANÁLISIS

a) ¿Debería exigirse la distribución de los beneficios de las subvenciones en los procedimientos sobre perjuicio grave de la Parte III?

2. En el documento recapitulativo de los Estados Unidos parece sugerirse que deberían aplicarse normas específicas sobre asignación de las subvenciones tanto a las investigaciones en materia de derechos compensatorios previstas en la Parte V del Acuerdo SMC como a los procedimientos de solución de diferencias con arreglo a las Partes II y III del Acuerdo SMC. El Brasil discrepa de los Estados Unidos y propone examinar las cuestiones prácticas y jurídicas de hacer extensiva cualquier obligación de asignar exactamente los beneficios de las subvenciones a la esfera de las medidas correctivas multilaterales en materia de subvenciones. Consideramos que, en beneficio de los Miembros, deberían debatirse abiertamente las ventajas y desventajas de hacerlo.

1 Nos reservamos nuestro derecho a presentar nuevas contribuciones sobre las cuestiones identificadas en el presente documento, así como sobre otros aspectos del ASMC.

2 Nueva comunicación sobre cuándo y cómo distribuir los beneficios de las subvenciones a lo largo del

tiempo (TN/RL/GEN/45).

TN/RL/W/192 Página 2

3. La cuantificación exacta del beneficio que confiere una subvención es obligatoria en el contexto de un procedimiento en materia de derechos compensatorios. Esa cuantificación resulta necesaria para calcular individualmente márgenes de subvención para cada exportador involucrado con objeto de aplicar derechos compensatorios a un nivel que refleje ese margen, o a un nivel inferior al margen, si este último basta para neutralizar el daño resultante de las importaciones subvencionadas.

4. En el cálculo de la cuantía del beneficio, muchas autoridades investigadoras clasifican las subvenciones como "recurrentes" o "no recurrentes". Los beneficios que confieren las "subvenciones recurrentes" normalmente son absorbidos por completo ("imputados") el año en que se reciben, mientras que los beneficios de las "subvenciones no recurrentes", normalmente relacionadas con la adquisición de activos fijos, se "asignan a lo largo del tiempo", es decir, se distribuyen al año en que se reciben y a años posteriores.

5. El cálculo de la cuantía de la subvención se rige por el artículo 14 del Acuerdo SMC, que se ocupa exclusivamente de medidas aplicadas de conformidad con una investigación en materia de derechos compensatorios realizada con arreglo a la Parte V. La pregunta que se plantea entonces es si es necesario calcular con precisión la cuantía de la subvención en las diferencias sobre subvenciones previstas en la Parte III del Acuerdo SMC, que se refiere a subvenciones que causan "efectos desfavorables", entre ellos "perjuicio grave".

6. A este respecto, recordamos que el Órgano de Apelación llegó a la conclusión de que, de conformidad con el párrafo 3 c) del artículo 6 de la Parte III del Acuerdo SMC, no es necesario calcular la cuantía precisa de la subvención. En particular, el Órgano de Apelación declaró lo siguiente:

[L]a aparente razón de ser de la Parte III difiere de la correspondiente a la Parte V del Acuerdo SMC. De conformidad con la Parte V, se debe calcular la cuantía de la subvención porque, en virtud del párrafo 4 del artículo 19 del Acuerdo SMC y del párrafo 3 del artículo VI del GATT de 1994, no se pueden percibir derechos compensatorios que excedan de esa cuantía. En cambio, de conformidad con la Parte III, la acción prevista en el párrafo 8 del artículo 7 del Acuerdo SMC es la retirada de la subvención o la eliminación de los efectos desfavorables. Esa acción no es específica para empresas individuales, sino que está orientada de manera más general a los efectos de la subvención. Así pues, el párrafo 3 c) del artículo 6 va en la misma dirección y no exige una cuantificación precisa de las subvenciones de que se trate. (sin subrayar en el original)3

7. La declaración del Órgano de Apelación forma parte de un examen más amplio acerca de cuál debería ser el centro de atención de una investigación de perjuicio grave. El Grupo Especial encargado del asunto Estados Unidos - Algodón americano (upland)4 subrayó correctamente que el centro de atención analítico debería garantizar la coherencia entre la naturaleza del análisis que lleva a cabo y la naturaleza de la medida correctiva. Más concretamente, la investigación debería proporcionar la información necesaria en la que basar la aplicación de la medida correctiva, es decir,

3 Estados Unidos – Subvenciones al algodón americano (upland), WT/DS267/AB/R, informe del

Órgano de Apelación, adoptado el 21 de marzo de 2005, párrafo 464.

4 El Órgano de Apelación confirmó todas las resoluciones del Grupo Especial relativas al artículo 6 del Acuerdo SMC. En cuanto a la cuestión de la magnitud de las subvenciones, observó que el Grupo Especial "podría haber sido más explícito y haber especificado lo qué entendía por 'cantidades muy considerables'" (párrafos 461-468).


el retiro de la subvención o la eliminación de sus efectos desfavorables. La identificación de los efectos desfavorables de la subvención depende de una evaluación de cómo y en qué medida la subvención afecta desfavorablemente al comercio del producto objeto de investigación. Esa evaluación debe ser exhaustiva, teniendo en cuenta la estructura, el diseño y el funcionamiento de la subvención. Por lo tanto, el centro de atención de un análisis de los efectos desfavorables/perjuicio grave con arreglo al párrafo 3 del artículo 6 del Acuerdo SMC no se limita a una evaluación cuantitativa sino que también incluye factores cualitativos.

8. No obstante, la consideración adicional de factores cualitativos no significa que el aspecto cuantitativo de la subvención concedida no sea también un factor pertinente al evaluar la existencia de perjuicio grave, pero la cuantificación precisa no es un requisito sine qua non.

9. El Grupo Especial que examinó el asunto Estados Unidos - Algodón americano (upland) encontró apoyo para su conclusión en el texto de numerosas disposiciones de la Parte III del Acuerdo SMC, como por ejemplo el párrafo 2 del artículo 7, el párrafo 3 del artículo 6 y el párrafo 8 del artículo 7.5

10. Además, el Grupo Especial observó que una atención cuantitativa excesiva en virtud de la Parte III impediría constatar la existencia de perjuicio grave en situaciones en las que pequeñas subvenciones aplicadas eficientemente tienen un efecto potente en lo que respecta a garantizar un margen de incremento competitivo para el producto subvencionado y causar efectos desfavorables, ya sea en forma de reducción de los precios, contención de su subida o desplazamiento de las exportaciones. El Órgano de Apelación confirmó esta interpretación y observó lo siguiente:

"la magnitud es sólo uno de los factores que pueden ser importantes para determinar los efectos de una subvención impugnada. Un grupo especial ha de evaluar el efecto de la subvención teniendo en cuenta todos los factores pertinentes."6

b) ¿En los procedimientos sobre perjuicio grave, debería considerarse que los efectos de las subvenciones coinciden siempre en el tiempo con los beneficios de las subvenciones?

11. Otra cuestión que los Estados Unidos no han examinado cabalmente en su comunicación es si debería considerarse que los efectos de las subvenciones coinciden temporalmente con los beneficios de las subvenciones. La cuestión fundamental a este respecto es si se puede suponer que existe una "coincidencia temporal" entre los beneficios y los efectos de las subvenciones. En caso afirmativo, tanto los beneficios como los efectos de las subvenciones recurrentes estarían limitados al año en que

5 Por ejemplo, el párrafo 1 del artículo 7 del Acuerdo SMC, que pone en marcha la etapa de consultas,

que es el primer paso que lleva al posible establecimiento del grupo especial, exige un examen de "la existencia y naturaleza" de la subvención como base para una solicitud de celebración de consultas. No se menciona la "cuantía".

El párrafo 3 del artículo 6 se centra en los efectos de la subvención, no específicamente en su magnitud. Además, el párrafo 1 a) del artículo 6, ya expirado, que contiene una presunción de existencia de perjuicio grave basada en umbrales cuantitativos, puede ser refutado como consecuencia de una evaluación cualitativa más amplia en virtud del párrafo 3 del artículo 6. El párrafo 8 del artículo 7, la disposición sobre las medidas correctivas que obliga al Miembro que otorga o mantiene la subvención a que "adopt[e] las medidas apropiadas para eliminar los efectos desfavorables o retir[e] la subvención", no significa necesariamente que exista una prescripción de limitar la cuantía concedida.

6 Estados Unidos - Algodón americano (upland), WT/DS267/AB/R, informe del Órgano de Apelación, adoptado el 21 de marzo de 2005, párrafo 461.


se reciban. De la misma manera, si los beneficios de las subvenciones no recurrentes se distribuyeran a lo largo del año en que se reciben y en años posteriores, también lo serían los efectos de esas subvenciones. Sin embargo, este enfoque plantea la evidente cuestión práctica de cómo comprobar cuánto más duran los efectos de las subvenciones que sus beneficios.

12. El Brasil está de acuerdo con el Grupo Especial encargado del asunto Estados Unidos - Algodón americano (upland) en que, dado el foco de atención principalmente cualitativo de una investigación de perjuicio grave, no se pueden prejuzgar los efectos de la subvención basándose automáticamente en un diagnóstico a priori, respaldado por un cálculo fijo de las subvenciones y los efectos correspondientes. De hecho, el artículo 6 del Acuerdo SMC exige una evaluación razonada y adecuada, según las circunstancias de cada caso, de la relación concreta entre la estructura, el diseño, el funcionamiento y la magnitud de los programas que pueden dar lugar a perjuicio grave en el sentido de los apartados a) a d) del párrafo 3 del artículo 6.

13. Un ejemplo de una subvención recurrente con efectos a medio y largo plazo sería un programa de sostenimiento de los ingresos o de los precios, con desembolsos regulares, que garantice un elevado nivel de rentabilidad y/o un sólido flujo de caja para la empresa receptora. Un programa de ese tipo permitiría, por ejemplo, una considerable expansión de la capacidad.

14. El Órgano de Apelación confirmó las constataciones del Grupo Especial en el asunto Estados Unidos - Algodón americano (upland). Los Estados Unidos adujeron en la apelación que los efectos de las subvenciones recurrentes estaban limitados al año en que fueron "imputadas". Aunque el Órgano de Apelación reconoció que las respuestas a esta pregunta pueden depender de la naturaleza de la subvención y del producto de que se trate, no encontró apoyo en el texto para la posición de los Estados Unidos. En particular, el Órgano de Apelación declaró lo siguiente:

"No encontramos nada en el texto del párrafo 3 c) del artículo 6 que excluya a priori la posibilidad de que el efecto de una subvención "recurrente" continúe después de la campaña en que se paga. El párrafo 3 c) del artículo 6 trata del "efecto" de una subvención, y no de la contabilización financiera de la cuantía de la subvención."7 (no se reproduce la nota)

15. Aunque reconocemos que la cuestión de si los efectos de una subvención recurrente pueden continuar después del año en que se pagó es una cuestión fáctica que ha de decidirse en cada diferencia, el Brasil está de acuerdo con el Órgano de Apelación en que legalmente no se exige que el efecto de la subvención coincida temporalmente con el beneficio. En caso de que los Estados Unidos tengan intención de dar a entender otra cosa en su documento, el Brasil discrepa de la posición de los Estados Unidos.

__________

7 Estados Unidos – Algodón americano (upland), WT/DS267/AB/R, informe del Órgano de Apelación,

adoptado el 21 de marzo de 2005, párrafo 476.

WORLD TRADE

ORGANIZATION TN/RL/W/196 22 November 2005

(05-5525)

Negotiating Group on Rules Original: English

FISHERIES SUBSIDIES

Paper from Brazil; Chile; Colombia; Ecuador; Iceland; New Zealand; Pakistan; Peru and the United States

The following document communication, received on 22 November 2005, is being circulated at the request of New Zealand.

_______________ Introduction 1. Over the past year, the Negotiating Group on Rules has made good progress in responding to the Doha Declaration call for improved disciplines in fisheries subsidies. Such progress is welcome, although Members will clearly need to intensify their work following the Hong Kong Ministerial meeting if we are to achieve a substantial result. 2. The reasons for singling out fisheries subsidies for particular focus in the Rules negotiations remain as valid now as they did at Doha. Concerns about the potentially harmful trade, development and environmental effects of fisheries subsidies have increased as the undisputed crisis facing global fisheries worsens. 3. WTO negotiators are tasked with addressing those subsidies that are a major contributing factor to this global crisis. The effects of around US$15 billion a year in subsidies, equivalent to twenty per cent of global industry revenues, are obvious. The FAO has found that a quarter of the world’s most valuable commercial fisheries are overexploited or significantly depleted. Another 50% are fully exploited. It is now widely recognized in the literature that subsidies are one major contributing factor. Subsidies are part of the problem, and the WTO (as the international organization with both the ability and responsibility to take action on subsidies) must therefore be part of the solution. 4. Negotiators appear to agree that the task of strengthening WTO disciplines on fisheries subsidies is not a substitute for work in other specialist bodies, particularly in improving fisheries management. But it will provide an essential complement and support to the work of other inter-governmental organizations, and environment and conservation groups around the world. As Ministers have recognised, the WTO is the international organization with the ability and responsibility to take action on subsidies that affect trading opportunities and negatively affect this global resource.

TN/RL/W/196 Page 2

Progress to Date 5. Following up on a suggested work plan from Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, New Zealand the Philippines and Peru in November 20041, over this last year Members have contributed to discussions addressing most of the areas suggested as "next steps in the negotiation". These include detailed submissions reviewing parameters that need to be considered for management services, vessel decommissioning and licence retirement, and fisheries infrastructure [respectively JOB(05)/44, TN/RL/GEN/41 and TN/RL/GEN/70]. The one major area yet to be addressed in detail is the category of "certain fisheries-related social insurance programmes". 6. Several other substantive contributions have focused on special and differential treatment, including from Brazil (TN/RL/GEN/56) and a group of small economies for the Caribbean and the Pacific (TN/RL/GEN/57/Rev.2), which included discussion of key issues such as the treatment of artisanal and small scale fishing, and the question of subsidised access fees. 7. Other important contributions over the year came from Japan, Korea and the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu (TN/RL/W/172 of 22 February 2005) on the framework for disciplines on fisheries subsidies, and from Japan on IUU fishing. The European Communities also submitted a proposal on the question of enforcement and transparency (TN/RL/GEN/30 of 12 May 2005). Aquaculture was discussed in TN/RL/GEN/54. 8. These papers provide a strong basis for eventually reaching a common understanding of the definitions and treatment of various categories of fisheries subsidies, and for related discussions on the nature and extent of disciplines that will be needed. 9. The Rules Negotiating Group has taken an important step forward and devoted time to engaging in detailed discussions of fish subsidies through the exchange of information on various fish subsidy programs, which has enabled Members to learn more about current Member fish subsidies practices. 10. It will be important to continue to develop a better common understanding of Members' fisheries subsidies programs. While there have been useful exchanges over the past year, it has been apparent during the discussions that there is a lack of transparency concerning some Members' activities on fish subsidies - another reminder of the extent to which transparency is lacking in this sector. As the negotiations begin to concentrate on text, it will be imperative for Members to provide more detail on their fisheries subsidies practices, which will facilitate more focused discussions. Enhanced transparency of fisheries subsidies practices must be one of the outcomes from these negotiations. Next Steps 11. While there has been good coverage of a broad range of fisheries subsidies programmes, these discussions have identified a number of areas that remain to be addressed. These include:

• conservation subsidies (e.g. artificial reefs, aid for restocking of fish resources and potentially fisheries enhancement expenditure);

• regional development programmes; • fisheries-related social insurance programmes (e.g. job training to assist the transition out of

the industry); • research and development programmes.

1 TN/RL/W/166

TN/RL/W/196 Page 3

12. We will need to deepen the analysis on the issues we have already covered, and in addition, further work will be necessary on the scope of the disciplines (e.g. clarification of the treatment of inland fisheries), and in further elaborating on special and differential treatment under the new disciplines. We would welcome further contributions from other Members in these and other areas. Text-based proposals 13. Regardless of whether there are any further contributions from Members under the present "issue identification" stage, however, the negotiations should move quickly after the Hong Kong Ministerial into a second phase directed to producing a text-based outcome for the new disciplines. Accordingly, this discussion will depend on Members' contributions focused around textual proposals. In order to complement this work, and to provide a framework of reference for text-based proposals, Members will need to return to the question of structure of the disciplines, characterised by the choices between the two approaches, "top down" (a broad prohibition with exceptions) and the "bottom up" (prohibition of subsidies explicitly listed). 14. Members will also need to return to the appropriate approach for disciplines. In this context, the cosponsors endorse the following principles to guide the development of the new disciplines. The new rules:

• need to be simple and enforceable; • should provide for a far greater level of transparency than under current rules; • should be both flexible and responsive, not just in the structure of the disciplines but in

accommodating and reflecting the dynamic nature of the fishing industry, and evolution in the nature and extent of fisheries subsidies policy and practice;

• must be consistent with the Doha mandate; • must recognise the importance of this sector for developing countries through appropriate

special and differential treatment. 15. The co-sponsors continue to support strongly the concept of a broad-based prohibition as the best means for delivering on the Doha mandate. The principles noted above are all consistent with a broad-based prohibition. Conclusions 16. We note that ambition in other areas of the Doha negotiations is cast in terms of seeking "commercially meaningful" results. In the context of fisheries subsidies, this can be translated into seeking an outcome that effects both policy change, and change in practice. The end result must be significant reductions to the levels of distorting subsidies provided to this sector, as well as appropriate checks to ensure against circumvention. 17. A limited number of countries provide the vast majority of distorting subsidies, not only encouraging unsustainable fisheries practices but also depressing global prices in a way that adversely affects Members’ interests, including developing country interests. 18. We are committed to achieving a substantial result on fisheries subsidies disciplines in this Round. This is a one- time opportunity for the WTO to make a real, effective contribution to resolving the crisis facing global fisheries. We do not have the luxury of incrementalism - the race for the last fish may be over before the WTO delivers results from a tenth multilateral round. Given the importance of this sector for developing countries, both as an export earner and as a significant domestic industry, effective and strong disciplines on fisheries subsidies will make a major contribution to ensuring that this truly is a "development" Round.

__________

WORLD TRADE

ORGANIZATION TN/RL/GEN/92 18 November 2005

(05-5449)


FISHERIES SUBSIDIES: SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES

Paper from the Republic of Korea The following communication, dated 16 November 2005, is being circulated at the request of the Delegations of Brazil and the United States. The submitting delegation has requested that this paper, which was submitted to the Rules Negotiating Group as an informal document (JOB(05)/295), also be circulated as a formal document.

_______________

I. INTRODUCTION

1. The negotiations on fisheries subsidies are making progress through contributions by Members on a broad range of topics from the extent of new fisheries subsidies disciplines, to the categorization of red and green subsidies, to the S&D treatment for developing countries. Among the many important topics, the special considerations of small-scale fisheries deserve our attention and intensive discussion. 2. During the Rules negotiating group meeting, several submissions and remarks were made on the need for special consideration for small-scale fisheries or artisanal fisheries in providing a discipline on fisheries subsidies.1 Korea, in its joint proposal with Japan and Chinese Taipei in February 2005, also noted a need for flexibility for the small-scale fisheries as a means of special consideration for the socially weak2 The paper also suggested that the subsidies provided to small-scale fisheries should be categorized as a green subsidy in the context of a social safety net. 3. However, for practical application in the WTO, the difficulties arise from the lack of an authoritative definition for what constitutes a small-scale fishery. Even the FAO cannot provide a specific definition, although it is working on one via a working group. A commonly used definition of a small-scale fishery is a somewhat lengthy listing of their characteristics.3

1 “Programmes for artisanal fisheries in developing countries are likewise not a focus (of the

negotiation)” TN/RL/W/77 (United States); “Green box … (2) subsidies to small scale fishing and to artisanal fishing, provided that such fisheries are not "patently at risk".” TN/RL/GEN/56 (Brazil); “The following should not be subject to subsidies disciplines: … (ii) Assistance to artisanal or small-scale fisheries” TN/RL/GEN/57/Rev.2 (Solomon Islands)

2 “It would be desirable to allow flexibility for each country's domestic small-scale subsistence fisheries to ensure adequate protection for the vulnerable fisherman. At the same time, devices to prevent loopholes must be put in place.” TN/RL/W/172

3 “Small-scale fisheries can be broadly characterized as a dynamic and evolving sector employing labour intensive harvesting, processing and distribution technologies to exploit marine and inland water fishery resources. The activities of this sub-sector, conducted full-time or part-time, or just seasonally, are often targeted on supplying fish and fishery products to local and domestic market, and for subsistence consumption. Export-oriented production, however, has increased in many small-scale fisheries during the last one to two decades

TN/RL/GEN/92 Page 2 4. Perhaps more to the point is the fact that WTO serves a different purpose than does the FAO, and that it may not be appropriate to simply adopt and apply the FAO definition even though its definition has undoubtedly been useful in the arenas for which it was created. Therefore, a discussion on the definition to be applied in the WTO context would be a useful step in developing concrete rules on fisheries subsidies for the application to the question of special consideration for small-scale fisheries. II. VARIOUS DEFINITIONS OF SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES

5. As said above, no universal definition of small-scale fisheries exists, and other terms such as traditional or artisanal fisheries are sometimes used synonymously. In trying to define "small-scale", several authors concluded that it can differ according to location and context but there are features in common to most small-scale fisheries.4 6. The FAO defines small-scale fisheries as “artisanal” or “traditional” fisheries. From the FAO definitions, traditional fisheries involve households (as distinct from commercial companies) using relatively small amount of inputs in capital and energy, and small boats making short fishing trips close to shore. Also, a part of the FAO definition is the typical disposition of the catch which is mainly for local consumption.5 In a regional workshop on social feasibility in small-scale fisheries development, a small-scale fisheries definition is developed based on labour intensity, income level, degree of mechanization, level of production, amount and range of fishing activities, political inclination, employment, social mobility and financial dependency. All of these factors, except for financial dependency, are at low levels and are regarded as affected by the economic decisions and other constraints of the consumers purchasing the products produced by small-scale fisheries.6 7. The UNEP, in its workshop and its commissioned paper, provides the elements of being an artisanal fishery as follows:7

because of greater market integration and globalization. While typically men are engaged in fishing and women in fishing processing and marketing, women are also known to engage in near shore harvesting activities and men are known to engage in fish marketing and distribution…. Small scale fisheries operate at widely differing organizational level ranging from self-employed single operators through informal micro-enterprises to formal sector businesses. This sub-sector, therefore, is not homogenous within and across countries and regions and attention to this fact is warranted when formulating strategies and policies for enhancing its contribution to food security and poverty alleviation.” Report of the Second Session of the Working Party on Small-scale Fisheries, FAO Fisheries Report No.753, 2003.

4 Smith, I.R., A research framework for traditional fisheries, International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, Philippines. Studies and Reviews No. 2, 1979;

Panayotou, T., Management concepts for small-scale fisheries: economic and social aspects, FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 228, 1982;

Berkes, F. and Kislalioglu, M., A comparative study of yield, investment and energy use in small-scale fisheries, Fisheries Research, 1989; and

Poggie, J.J. and Pollnac, R.B., Small-scale fisheries development: sociocultural perspectives, International Center for Marine Resource Development, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA, 1991

5 "Traditional fisheries involving fishing households (as opposed to commercial companies), using relatively small amount of capital and energy, relatively small fishing vessels (if any, making short fishing trips, close to shore, mainly for local consumption. In practice, definition varies between countries, e.g. from gleaning or a one-man canoe in poor developing countries, to more than 20 m. trawlers, seiners, or long-liners in developed ones. Artisanal fisheries can be subsistence or commercial fisheries, providing for local consumption or export. Sometimes referred to as small scale fishery", 2005, FAO Online Glossary

6 FAO, Report of Workshop on Social Feasibility in Small-scale Fisheries Development, 1979 7 UNEP Workshop for Promoting Poverty Reduction and Community Development Though New

WTO Rules on Fisheries Subsidies, June 2005

TN/RL/GEN/92 Page 3

Definitional Elements Typical examples (not universal)

Vessel type Canoe, dory Physical Attributes

Vessel size Short (e.g.,10m); light Physical Attributes Physical Attributes

Vessel motor unmotorized or small engine

Fishing gear/technique manual or small net; passive; low tech Pattern of fishing

Location of land base Rural

Pattern of fishing Location of fishery In-shore Pattern of fishing

Pattern of fishing Target type Multi-species

Of fishery Traditional (clan or community) Social Structure Social Structure

Of fishing enterprise Family crew, owner on board

Market orientation Direct consumption or local market Economic Condition Economic Condition

Income level Subsistence or very poor

8. International organizations such as the FAO, the OECD and the WTO use the terms artisanal fisheries, family fishing, aboriginal fisheries as indicating small-scale fisheries. Despite the relative nature of these definitions and the diversity of definitions, small-scale fisheries can be generally characterized by low input levels, high labour-capital ratios, and usually supporting a subsistence standard of living. To ensure consistency and clarity of application, it is important to harmonize the terminology to be used in the new WTO fisheries subsidies disciplines. III. POSSIBLE CRITERIA FOR DEFINING SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES

9. We believe that the definition of small-scale fisheries should reflect the traits inherent in the terms mentioned above. Despite the lack of a globally accepted definition of small-scale fisheries, a combination of socio-economic and technical considerations will be useful for explaining what small-scale fisheries are. These factors could serve as possible criteria to be used in defining small-scale fisheries. Socio-economic criteria 10. There are many aspects that can show the socio-economic characteristics of the small-scale fisheries. Income of the fishermen may constitute the most important criterion, since small-scale fisheries are conducted mostly by the socially-weak. Also, the small-scale fishermen tend to show the inclination of less mobility from their settlement. Just for the purpose of illustration, we may consider such indicators as low income, low production per family, low production per boat, immobility of the dwelling place or short moving distance, and the limited chances for job shift. In applying this criterion, we should also use a relative measurement to reflect the different socio-economic situation and the development status of each country.

TN/RL/GEN/92 Page 4 Technical criteria 11. Technical traits such as vessel tonnage, length and horse power, distance from coast, fishing gear and techniques can be important factors in deciding whether the fisheries are small-scale or not. Those factors are ultimately combined with the catch per vessel. Either one or more of these combinations may be the deciding criteria for being a small-scale fishery. 12. Each of these two criteria (socioeconomic and technical), has merits and demerits. A socio-economic criterion can better reflect the special circumstances of each country. The weakness of this criterion is the availability of reliable and timely socioeconomic data. The technical criterion reverses these merits and demerits. The technical criterion is relatively easy to develop and apply but it does not reflect differences among countries in the development status. Despite this complexity, it is also important for the WTO criteria to be easy to apply and less liable to dispute. Thus, there is a need for agreement on a simple and feasible standard criterion for small-scale fisheries. IV. EXAMPLES IN THE LEGISLATIONS OF KOREA 13. In Korea, there is no clear definition for small-scale fisheries, but the definition for small-scale fisheries can be inferred from specific provisions of several laws. From the Fisheries Act, the provincial governments of the vessel registration issue “coastal fishery licences” for vessels under 8 GT8 which operate near shore, and for vessels under 10 GT for certain types of fisheries. 14. Among vessels with coastal fishery licenses, the Fisheries Resources Promotion Act stipulates that operators of vessels under 5GT are exempt from fisheries resource re-stocking fees. The Korean government imposes fisheries resources re-stocking fees for all vessels with fishing licenses and uses the fee as a financial resource for the stock replenishing projects. However, vessels under 5GT are exempt from such fees because of their small-scale and subsistence nature, that is, because the fishing intensity by such vessels is not substantial and the impact on the resources is negligible. 15. In the same context, the Fishing Vessels Act and its Enforcement Regulation stipulate that every fishing vessel should receive a permit for modification of vessels. However, vessels under 2 GT are exempt from such a permit for modification. This kind of exemption is a form of special consideration for small-scale fisheries even though it may not constitute the financial contribution by the government in the meaning of Article 1 of the SCM Agreement in the first place. 16. Although the above is only a limited example of one country, we believe that collective efforts in sharing each Member’s system and experience will contribute to the development of a definition for small-scale fisheries in the WTO fisheries subsidies disciplines. V. IMPORTANCE OF SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES SUBSIDIES

17. Small-scale fisheries have traditionally been subsistence in nature, rather than commercial. Most small-scale fishermen find it difficult to make new investments in their vessels and gear. As a result, they tend to operate with technology which is labour intensive and has low productivity.

8 The length of vessel may vary by vessel types, but normally in Korea, vessels of 10 GT are

approximately 13 meters, 8 GT are 12 meters, 5 GT are 10meters.

TN/RL/GEN/92 Page 5 18. Even so, it is not easy for them to leave the coastal areas and find new vocations. In most cases, fisheries are family business of many generations and fishing techniques are handed down from generation to generation. Often times, there are close ties among local people which come from the collective nature of the fishing operation. As a result, this creates settlements of fishermen in an area, which are similar to agriculture villages. 19. Therefore, support for them by the government to ensure a minimum standard of living is a consideration for the socially weak as a means of a social safety net. Any restriction on the government’s role in that aspect may cause serious social problems. For instance, if a large number of small-scale fishermen leave the coastal areas and the fishing communities, it is not only an aggravation of the urban concentration problem, but also a threat to the conservation of traditional culture. The unique culture of the coastal areas and the fishing communities are the sources of the local lives, culture and vitality unique to the region. These have precious value and should be passed on to future generations. 20. In addition, most vessels engaged in small-scale fisheries fall short of various safety requirements and it is difficult for them to make investments for operational safety because of their financial status. This increases the probability of maritime accidents for those small-scale vessels. Therefore, it should be the responsibility of government to enable them to meet the minimum safety requirements. 21. For developing countries, small-scale fisheries will mean more than they do for developed countries. Despite the disassociation of small-scale fisheries from income generation, it is frequently stated that they contribute to poverty reduction and the food supply of developing countries. Small-scale fisheries are also directly related to food security issues in some developing countries. 22. A nation’s pursuit of social, cultural and economic objectives suggests special consideration for small-scale fisheries. Social and cultural objectives are often beyond the reach of market-oriented economy theory. Each government has a responsibility to care for its people, especially the socially-weak, and to conserve its cultural heritage. VI. CONCLUSIONS

23. For the above reasons, we believe that subsidies to small-scale fisheries are good candidates for green subsidies. However, it is advisable that Members take sufficient caution to avoid an adverse impact of such special considerations on fisheries resources. The government should not neglect to monitor the level of small-scale fisheries activities, because adverse impacts of subsidies to small-scales fisheries will fall upon its own country before it proliferates to another country. As a final note, although not specific to small-scale fisheries, it is also important that the rules for the special considerations be clear, definite and accompanied by a transparency scheme in order to guarantee fair and effective functioning of the disciplines and to prevent circumvention.

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DEL COMERCIO TN/RL/W/195 22 de noviembre de 2005

(05-5521)

Grupo de Negociación sobre las Normas

PROYECTO DE DECLARACIÓN MINISTERIAL SOBRE LAS NORMAS (MEDIDAS ANTIDUMPING Y SUBVENCIONES Y MEDIDAS

COMPENSATORIAS, INCLUIDAS LAS SUBVENCIONES A LA PESCA)

Nota del Presidente

El Presidente del Grupo de Negociación sobre las Normas presenta bajo su responsabilidad al Presidente del Comité de Negociaciones Comerciales el siguiente proyecto de texto, que ha sido elaborado durante extensas y detalladas consultas en el Grupo de Negociación sobre las Normas.

_______________ Los Ministros: • reconocen que el logro de resultados sustanciales en todos los aspectos del mandato

relativo a las normas, en forma de enmiendas del Acuerdo Antidumping y el Acuerdo SMC, es importante para el desarrollo del sistema multilateral de comercio basado en normas y para el equilibrio general de los resultados del PDD;

• se proponen lograr en las negociaciones sobre las normas nuevas mejoras, en

particular, de la transparencia, la previsibilidad y la claridad de las disciplinas pertinentes, en beneficio de todos los Miembros, y en particular de los Miembros en desarrollo y menos adelantados. A este respecto, se debe abordar la dimensión de desarrollo de las negociaciones como parte integrante de cualquier resultado;

• exhortan a los participantes a que, al examinar las posibles aclaraciones y mejoras en

la esfera antidumping, tengan en cuenta, entre otras cosas, a) la necesidad de evitar la utilización injustificada de medidas antidumping, preservando al mismo tiempo los conceptos y principios básicos y la eficacia del instrumento y sus objetivos en los casos en que se justifiquen tales medidas; y b) la conveniencia de limitar los costos y la complejidad de los procedimientos para las partes interesadas y para las autoridades investigadoras por igual, fortaleciendo al mismo tiempo las debidas garantías procesales, la transparencia y la previsibilidad de dichos procedimientos y medidas;

• consideran que las negociaciones sobre las medidas antidumping deberán, según

proceda, aclarar y mejorar las normas relativas, entre otras cosas, a: a) las determinaciones de la existencia de dumping, de daño y de una relación causal, y la aplicación de las medidas; b) el procedimiento aplicable a la iniciación, el desarrollo y la conclusión de las investigaciones antidumping, incluso con miras a fortalecer las debidas garantías procesales y a aumentar la transparencia; y c) el nivel, el alcance y la duración de las medidas, con inclusión de la fijación de los derechos, los exámenes intermedios y de nuevos exportadores, la extinción y los procedimientos antielusión;


• reconocen que las negociaciones sobre las medidas antidumping se han intensificado

y profundizado, que los participantes muestran un elevado nivel de empeño constructivo, y que el proceso de debate riguroso de las cuestiones basado en propuestas específicas de textos de enmienda del Acuerdo Antidumping ha sido productivo y constituye una etapa necesaria para la obtención de los resultados sustanciales que los Miembros se han comprometido a lograr;

• toman nota de que, en las negociaciones sobre las medidas antidumping, el Grupo de

Negociación sobre las Normas ha venido debatiendo en detalle propuestas relativas a cuestiones como las determinaciones de la existencia de daño/relación causal, la norma del derecho inferior, el interés público, la transparencia y las debidas garantías procesales, los exámenes intermedios, la extinción, la fijación de los derechos, la elusión, la utilización de los hechos de que se tenga conocimiento, el examen limitado y la tasa correspondiente a todos los demás, la solución de diferencias, la definición de las importaciones objeto de dumping, las partes afiliadas, el producto considerado y la iniciación y conclusión de las investigaciones, y de que este proceso de debate de las propuestas presentadas al Grupo o aún por presentar continuará después de Hong Kong;

• observan, respecto de las subvenciones y medidas compensatorias, que si bien se han

presentado propuestas de enmienda del ASMC relativas a varias cuestiones, entre ellas la definición de subvención, la especificidad, las subvenciones prohibidas, el perjuicio grave, los créditos a la exportación y las garantías de créditos a la exportación y la asignación de los beneficios, es necesario profundizar en el análisis tomando como base las propuestas específicas de textos, con objeto de garantizar un resultado equilibrado en todas las esferas del mandato del Grupo;

• señalan la conveniencia de aplicar tanto a las medidas antidumping como a las

medidas compensatorias las aclaraciones y mejoras que resulten pertinentes y apropiadas para ambos instrumentos;

• recuerdan el compromiso que contrajeron en Doha de potenciar el apoyo mutuo del

comercio y el medio ambiente, toman nota de que existe un amplio acuerdo en el sentido de que el Grupo deberá fortalecer las disciplinas relativas a las subvenciones en el sector de la pesca, incluso mediante la prohibición de determinadas formas de subvenciones a la pesca que contribuyan al exceso de capacidad y la sobrepesca, y exhortan a los participantes a que emprendan sin demora nuevos trabajos detallados para, entre otras cosas, establecer la naturaleza y el alcance de esas disciplinas, con inclusión de la transparencia y la exigibilidad. Un trato especial y diferenciado apropiado y efectivo para los Miembros en desarrollo y menos adelantados deberá formar parte integrante de las negociaciones sobre las subvenciones a la pesca, teniendo en cuenta la importancia de dicho sector para las prioridades de desarrollo, la reducción de la pobreza y las preocupaciones concernientes a los medios de subsistencia y la seguridad alimentaria;

• disponen que el Grupo intensifique y acelere el proceso de negociación en todas las

esferas de su mandato, sobre la base de las propuestas detalladas de textos presentadas al Grupo o aún por presentar, y concluya lo antes posible el proceso de análisis de las propuestas de los participantes con respecto al Acuerdo Antidumping y el Acuerdo SMC;


• encomiendan al Presidente que prepare, con anticipación suficiente para asegurar un resultado oportuno en el contexto de la fecha de conclusión del Programa de Doha para el Desarrollo en 2006, y teniendo en cuenta los progresos realizados en otras esferas de las negociaciones, textos refundidos del Acuerdo Antidumping y el Acuerdo SMC, que serán la base de la etapa final de las negociaciones.

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WORLD TRADE


(05-5452)


COUNTERVAILING MEASURES

Paper from the European Communities The following communication, dated 15 November 2005, is being circulated at the request of the Delegation of the European Commission. The submitting delegation has requested that this paper, which was submitted to the Rules Negotiating Group as an informal document (JOB(05)/296), also be circulated as a formal document.

_______________

Introduction In its first submission to the Rules Group of 21 November 2002 (TN/RL/W/30), the European Communities (the EC) presented a first assessment of the operation of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (ASCM) disciplines as designed during the Uruguay Round and identified a number of areas where these disciplines could be usefully improved or clarified. Subsequent discussions in the Group have highlighted the fact that several issues, which until now have only been addressed in the anti-dumping context, need to be incorporated into the ASCM Agreement either, as they stand or adapted to the specific needs of that Agreement. The EC sets out below the issues which it considers fall into this category so that they can be discussed in the Group. Where appropriate specific text is also proposed in line with the general wish that negotiations are moved on to a more proactive and advanced phase. 1. The use of facts available (Article 12.7 of ASCM)

Unlike the Anti-Dumping Agreement (ADA - Annex II), the ASCM contains no discipline on the use of facts available referred to in Article 12.7 ASCM. In the EC’s view, Annex II of the ADA has proved an important tool to discipline the circumstances and conditions in which facts available may be used. The EC considers that similar discipline should be introduced for the use of facts available in countervailing investigations, due account being taken of the specificities of such investigations, in particular the examination of the existence of subsidization. In this respect it is considered that the existing rules for ADA, or any such revised rules, would probably form an adequate basis for the ASCM without prejudice to further improvements that might be brought to the text of the Annex in the context of the ADA negotiations. Furthermore, the EC reserves the right to come back on this issue as consideration is still being given to the fact that often in cases of non-cooperation more precise information is available to investigating authorities on subsidies than on dumping and some recognition may have to be given to that fact in any new rules.

TN/RL/GEN/93 Page 2

In any event the EC considers that the existing AD rules on “facts available” (or any amended rules) should be included in the ASCM Agreement – a text of the existing rules amended for inclusion in the ASCM is set out at Annex 1. 2. Article 21 - reviews of countervailing measures

Article 21.1 provides that a countervailing duty shall remain in force only as long as and to the extent necessary to counteract subsidization which is causing injury. Article 21.3 states that countervailing measures will expire after five years, unless it is demonstrated that the expiry would be likely to lead to continuation or recurrence of subsidization and injury. Article 21.3 of the ASCM mirrors Article 11.3 of the ADA. Article 21.2 provides for “interim” reviews within the 5 year period in case of changed circumstances. (a) Concepts of “continuation” and “recurrence” in CVD cases The concepts of “continuation” and “recurrence”, which were negotiated in the context of the ADA, need to be specifically defined for application under the ASCM. This is warranted by the clear differences between dumping and subsidization. Dumping depends essentially on the pricing strategy of private companies and this can be sporadic and inevitably can vary sometimes sharply over time. As a result, the duration of the dumping practice is more difficult to predict and a determination of a likelihood of continuation or recurrence of dumping will very often entail a complex prospective assessment about the future market behaviour, including that relating to pricing and volumes of exporters. However, the same is not necessarily true for subsidization where often a precise calculation can be made with respect to future trends. The subsidy may, for instance, have a predetermined period of validity or have a period of validity attributed to it by the investigating authority (e.g. when determining levels of duty). In such circumstances, specific account should be taken of such allocation periods in any review which requires a determination on continuation or recurrence of subsidization. This means that, in the context of a review, measures should be terminated once the end of such allocation periods has been reached. In such situations, there should be no finding of likelihood of continuation or recurrence of subsidization unless evidence exists that the expired programme(s) has been, or is likely to be renewed or replaced by other forms of subsidization. Furthermore, in any review, investigating authorities should be explicitly required to take full account of events subsequent to the imposition of the original measure, such as changes in ownership or changes in subsidy programmes. (b) Level of measures Moreover, when the subsidy amount is allocated over time, the decision to impose a countervailing duty should duly reflect the methodology used and provide, where appropriate, for an automatic adjustment of the countervailing measures in line with that methodology. (c) Initiation of sunset reviews Another important issue is whether “sunset” reviews should only be permitted upon the submission of a justified request by the domestic industry. In this respect, the EC favours such requests and in particular in cases where existing levels of subsidization are significantly lower than when measures were imposed. Account must be taken of any subsidies which have reached de minimis levels either in the context of sunset reviews or any other type of reviews.

TN/RL/GEN/93 Page 3

In this context, the EC has considerable sympathy with Canada’s proposal1 that any “sunset” reviews should be carried out before the end of the period of validity of 5 years – currently the measures remain in force beyond the 5 year period pending the outcome of the review. There might however be administrative constraints (including time constraints) preventing the completion of a fully-fledged sunset review covering both injury and subsidization by the fifth anniversary date of the measures. This issue deserves thorough discussion in the Group. (d) Proposal To take account of all the above-mentioned factors, the EC proposes the following text which would modify Article 21.3 of the ASCM Agreement – see Annex 2. 3. Use of sampling techniques

Although the ASCM implicitly recognises that not all the exporters have to be systematically investigated and that, therefore, not all exporters have to be individually investigated, the ASCM lacks specific sampling provisions such as provided for in Article 6.10 of the ADA. Given that in some circumstances (such as for instance highly fragmented industries), the obligation to calculate individual duty rates is simply unmanageable, a clear provision must be made for the use of sampling techniques similar to those existing in the context of anti-dumping investigations. In this context, account should also be taken of the differences between dumping and subsidies in determining the appropriate amount of measures for those companies which cooperate in an investigation but are not included in the sample. In the case of subsidies, for example, the subsidies given are often generally available to all exporters of that product on an equal basis, i.e. the criteria for granting is the same for all exporters. Moreover, unlike anti-dumping, there exist various types of subsidy programmes and account must be taken of this. Finally, consideration should be given to applying the average of the sample to all producers, including those sampled. To take account of the above the EC proposes the following text for inclusion in the ASCM Agreement – see Annex 3. 4. Newcomer reviews

The EC is of the view that “newcomer” provisions currently set out in the ASCM need to be re-examined. There appears to be a need to better adjust them to the specificities of countervailing investigations. For instance, the fact that subsidy programmes are widely available to all the companies producing the product concerned, including newcomers, should be taken into account e.g. for the definition of the notion of “newcomer”. In this regard, the fact that a new exporter has not yet claimed any benefit under the available subsidy schemes is not, by itself, sufficient reason to give a new exporter a zero rate, if the exporter continues to be eligible for benefits under subsidy programmes in the future. This is particularly true if the new exporter has only exported small or even negligible quantities. It is clear, of course, that individual treatment is justified for new exporters which have exported significant quantities, and have established a track record as non-claimants of subsidy programmes which led to the imposition of measures. However, for exporters falling short of that standard, alternative solutions should be envisaged. One possibility would be that instead of calculating an individual duty rate for a so-called newcomer, these newcomers could be given a weighted average duty rate of the investigated 1 TN/RL/GEN/61.

TN/RL/GEN/93 Page 4

exporters. This could actually be done via a simple request by the exporter thus saving them the trouble and expense of producing the normal evidence both for initiation and subsequent investigation. To take account of the above the EC proposes the following text for inclusion in the ASCM Agreement – see Annex 4. This text, which is based on that of the ADA and better reflects the specificities of countervailing investigations, would replace the second sentence of Article 19.3 ASCM. 5. Constructive remedies for developing countries

Unlike the AD Agreement, the ASCM does not contain any requirement that the special situation of developing country members should be taken into account when adopting countervailing measures (cf. Article 15 of the AD Agreement). The EC considers that the Negotiating Group should consider the incorporation of such provisions into Article 27 of the ASCM. This would be in addition to the existing special and differential treatment already provided for in Article 27. In this respect, further thought should be given to the type of “constructive remedies” which could be envisaged under such a provision. Within the context of the AD Agreement, up until now the only remedies which have been considered in this context are undertakings and the Group should give thought to whether other forms of remedy could not be considered to give more meaning to the concept of special and differential treatment. To take account of the above the EC proposes the following text for inclusion in the ASCM Agreement – see Annex 5. Conclusion Although the discussions in the Group on general subsidies discipline have been so far less animated than in the area of anti-dumping, there is already a large number of complex and potentially contentious issues on the table, and more will most likely come. The EC considers that time is now ripe for addressing some of those issues in more detail in the appropriate format. The EC would therefore support any process that would enable progress to be made in the examination of those issues. This would include any or all of the various types of initiatives put forward in the ADA negotiations, more text based proposals, plurilateral groups, or the use of facilitators, etc.

TN/RL/GEN/93 Page 5

ANNEX 1

BEST INFORMATION AVAILABLE IN TERMS OF PARAGRAPH 7 OF ARTICLE 12

1. As soon as possible after the initiation of the investigation, the investigating authorities should specify in detail the information required from any interested party, and the manner in which that information should be structured by the interested party in its response. The authorities should also ensure that the party is aware that if information is not supplied within a reasonable time, the authorities will be free to make determinations on the basis of the facts available, including those contained in the application for the initiation of the investigation by the domestic industry. 2. The authorities may also request that an interested party provide its response in a particular medium (e.g. computerized response). Where such a request is made, the authorities should consider the reasonable ability of the interested party to respond in the preferred medium, and should not request the party to use for its response a computer system other than that used by the party. The authority should not maintain a request for a computerized response if the interested party does not maintain computerized accounts and if presenting the response as requested would result in an unreasonable extra burden on the interested party, e.g. it would entail unreasonable additional cost and trouble. The authorities should not maintain a request for a response in a particular medium if the interested party does not maintain its computerized accounts in such medium and if presenting the response as requested would result in an unreasonable extra burden on the interested party, e.g. it would entail unreasonable additional cost and trouble. 3. All information which is verifiable, which is appropriately submitted so that it can be used in the investigation without undue difficulties, which is supplied in a timely fashion, and, where applicable, which is supplied in a medium requested by the authorities, should be taken into account when determinations are made. If a party does not respond in the preferred medium but the authorities find that the circumstances set out in paragraph 2 have been satisfied, the failure to respond in the preferred medium should not be considered to significantly impede the investigation. 4. Where the authorities do not have the ability to process information if provided in a particular medium, the information should be supplied in the form of written material or any other form acceptable to the authorities. 5. Even though the information provided may not be ideal in all respects, this should not justify the authorities from disregarding it, provided the interested party has acted to the best of its ability. 6. If evidence or information is not accepted, the supplying party should be informed forthwith of the reasons therefore, and should have an opportunity to provide further explanations within a reasonable period, due account being taken of the time-limits of the investigation. If the explanations are considered by the authorities as not being satisfactory, the reasons for the rejection of such evidence or information should be given in any published determinations. 7. If the authorities have to base their findings, including those with respect to the existence of a subsidy2, on information from a secondary source, including the information supplied in the application for the initiation of the investigation, they should do so with special circumspection. In such cases, the authorities should, where practicable, check the information from other independent sources at their disposal, such as published price lists, official import statistics and customs returns, and from the information obtained from other interested parties during the investigation. It is clear, however, that if an interested party does not cooperate and thus relevant information is being withheld

2 It is understood that the Investigating Authority will only resort to secondary sources in the case of inadequate co-operation from the granting government.

TN/RL/GEN/93 Page 6

from the authorities, this situation could lead to a result which is less favourable to the party than if the party did cooperate.

_______________

TN/RL/GEN/93 Page 7

ANNEX 2

Article 21

Duration and Review of Countervailing Duties and Undertakings

21.1 A countervailing duty shall remain in force only as long as and to the extent necessary to counteract subsidization which is causing injury. 21.2 The authorities shall review the need for the continued imposition of the duty, where warranted, on their own initiative or, provided that a reasonable period of time has elapsed since the imposition of the definitive countervailing duty, upon request by any interested party which submits positive information substantiating the need for a review. Interested parties shall have the right to request the authorities to examine whether the continued imposition of the duty is necessary to offset subsidization, whether the injury would be likely to continue or recur if the duty were removed or varied, or both. If, as a result of the review under this paragraph, the authorities determine that the countervailing duty is no longer warranted, it shall be terminated immediately. 21.3 Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2, any definitive countervailing duty shall be terminated on a date not later than five years from its imposition (or from the date of the most recent review under paragraph 2 if that review has covered both subsidization and injury, or under this paragraph) or, in cases where, during an investigation under Article 11 or a review under paragraph 2 of this Article, it was found that the subsidy expires after, or has been allocated over, a certain time period, at the end of the said time period, unless the authorities determine, in a review initiated before that date upon a duly substantiated request made by or on behalf of the domestic industry within a reasonable period of time prior to that date, that the expiry of the duty would be likely to lead to continuation or recurrence of subsidization, beyond de-minimis levels, and injury.3 The duty may remain in force pending the outcome of such a review.

_______________

3 When the amount of the countervailing duty is assessed on a retrospective basis, a finding in the most

recent assessment proceeding that no duty is to be levied shall not by itself require the authorities to terminate the definitive duty.

TN/RL/GEN/93 Page 8

ANNEX 3

Sampling The authorities shall, as a rule, determine an individual margin of subsidization for each known exporter or producer concerned of the product under investigation. In cases where the number of exporters, producers, importers or types of products involved is so large as to make such a determination impracticable, the authorities may limit their examination either to a reasonable number of interested parties or products by using samples which are statistically valid on the basis of information available to the authorities at the time of the selection, or to the largest percentage of the volume of the exports from the country in question which can reasonably be investigated, due account being taken of the type and nature of the alleged subsidies. Any selection of exporters, producers, importers or types of products made under this paragraph shall preferably be chosen in consultation with and with the consent of the exporters, producers or importers concerned and the authority shall provide an adequate explanation for its decision. Level of duty When the authorities have limited their examination in accordance with the second sentence of [Sampling provisions], the countervailing duty applied to the imported product shall correspond to the weighted average margin of subsidization established with respect to the selected exporters or producers which should be granted to any producers or exporters upon simple request.

_______________

TN/RL/GEN/93 Page 9

ANNEX 4

Newcomer exporters or producers (1) If a product is subject to countervailing duties in an importing Member, the authorities shall promptly carry out a review for the purpose of determining individual margins of subsidization for any exporters or exporting producers in the exporting country in question who have not exported the product to the importing Member during the period of investigation, provided that these exporters or producers can show: (i) that they are not related to any of the exporters or producers in the exporting country who are

subject to the countervailing duties on the product, and (ii) that they have exported representative quantities after the period of investigation. (2) Such a review shall be initiated and carried out on an accelerated basis, compared to normal duty assessment and review proceedings in the importing Member. No countervailing duties shall be levied on imports from such exporters or producers while the review is being carried out. The authorities may, however, withhold appraisement and/or request guarantees to ensure that, should such a review result in a determination of subsidization in respect of such producers or exporters, countervailing duties can be levied retroactively to the date of the initiation of the review. (3) If the conditions laid out in paragraphs (1) (i) and (ii) are fulfilled, the individual margin of subsidization will correspond to the weighted average of the margins established for investigated producers which may be applied upon simple request by the exporter or producer concerned.

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TN/RL/GEN/93 Page 10

ANNEX 5

Article 27, new paragraph It is recognized that special regard must be given by developed country Members to the special situation of developing country Members when considering the application of countervailing measures under Part V of this Agreement. Possibilities of constructive remedies shall be explored before applying countervailing duties where they would affect the essential interests of developing country Members.

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DEL COMERCIO TN/RL/GEN/88 18 de noviembre de 2005

(05-5447)


SUPEDITACIÓN DE FACTO A LA EXPORTACIÓN

Documento presentado por el Brasil

La siguiente comunicación, de fecha 16 de noviembre de 2005, se distribuye a petición de la delegación del Brasil.

La delegación del Brasil ha pedido que este texto, que fue presentado al Grupo de Negociación sobre las Normas como documento informal (JOB(05)/291), se distribuya también como documento formal.

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I. INTRODUCCIÓN

1. El Brasil se siente alentado por el actual examen por los Miembros de la OMC en el Grupo de Negociación sobre las Normas de las disciplinas aplicables a las subvenciones prohibidas a la exportación en virtud del artículo 3 del Acuerdo sobre Subvenciones y Medidas Compensatorias (Acuerdo SMC) de la OMC.

2. Recordamos el debate celebrado por el Grupo y las propuestas de determinados Miembros de la OMC encaminadas a aclarar el criterio para la determinación de la supeditación de facto a la exportación contenido en el párrafo 1 a) del artículo 3 del Acuerdo SMC. El Brasil comparte las preocupaciones acerca de la necesidad de asegurar que cualquier modificación del texto no vaya en contra del importante principio de que por el sólo hecho de su existencia, las subvenciones prohibidas tienen graves efectos sobre el comercio.

3. En el contexto de estos debates en curso, el Brasil desea aprovechar esta oportunidad para plantear sus preocupaciones específicas con respecto a la supeditación de facto a la exportación y proponer determinadas modificaciones del texto del párrafo 1 a) del artículo 3 a fin de abordar esas preocupaciones.

II. SUPEDITACIÓN DE FACTO A LA EXPORTACIÓN

4. El párrafo 1 a) del artículo 3 del Acuerdo SMC estipula que determinadas subvenciones se consideran prohibidas si están "supeditadas de jure o de facto a los resultados de exportación, como condición única o entre otras varias condiciones". La nota 4 de pie de página aclara el modo de aplicar esta norma. Dice lo siguiente:

Esta norma se cumple cuando los hechos demuestran que la concesión de una subvención, aun sin haberse supeditado de jure a los resultados de exportación, está de hecho vinculada a las exportaciones o los ingresos de exportación reales o previstos. El mero hecho de que una subvención sea otorgada a empresas que

TN/RL/GEN/88 Página 2

exporten no será razón suficiente para considerarla subvención a la exportación en el sentido de esta disposición.

5. El Órgano de Apelación de la OMC interpretó que la nota 4 de pie de página contiene tres elementos sustantivos: 1) la "concesión de una subvención"; 2) que ésta "está […] vinculada a […]"; y 3) "las exportaciones o los ingresos de exportación reales o previstos".1 El segundo elemento es el fundamental, y el Órgano de Apelación definió la expresión "vinculada a" como "limitar o restringir mediante condiciones" y, a continuación, declaró que "es necesario que los hechos ‘demuestren’ que la concesión de una subvención está vinculada a o supeditada a exportaciones reales o previstas".2

6. Al Brasil le preocupa esta interpretación de la nota 4 de pie de página. El Órgano de Apelación definió "vinculada a" como equivalente a "supeditada a", aun cuando en la nota 4 de pie de página los redactores escogieron expresamente la frase "vinculada a las exportaciones o los ingresos de exportación reales o previstos" con preferencia a la frase "supeditada a las exportaciones o los ingresos de exportación reales o previstos". En efecto, al interpretar que "vinculada a" es intercambiable con "supeditada a", el Órgano de Apelación introdujo una complejidad adicional con respecto al modo de aplicar la nota 4 de pie de página a efectos de la distinción entre la supeditación de jure y de facto a la exportación.

7. Al formular esta interpretación de la nota 4 de pie de página, el Órgano de Apelación parece aumentar la carga de la prueba que las partes tienen que asumir al impugnar subvenciones que están supeditadas de facto a la exportación, pasando por alto los importantes problemas que lleva consigo la reunión de las pruebas que apoyarían esas impugnaciones. En la nota de pie de página 4, los Miembros utilizaron expresamente la expresión "vinculada a" en lugar de "supeditada a" a fin de destacar que la estricta condicionalidad puede ser sumamente difícil de demostrar en un caso de supeditación de facto. En estos casos, el gobierno que otorga la subvención es la fuente de prácticamente toda la información y puede impedir o demorar la divulgación de información fáctica decisiva por motivos de confidencialidad o para favorecer tácticas de litigio. Este problema probatorio, junto con la tendencia de los grupos especiales de la OMC a no utilizar la posibilidad de conclusiones desfavorables para hacer cumplir sus solicitudes de información, trae aparejado que la interpretación que hace el Órgano de Apelación de la nota 4 de pie de página puede socavar considerablemente la capacidad de los Miembros de impugnar subvenciones prohibidas que estén supeditadas, de facto, a la exportación.

8. Un problema generado por la caracterización de las subvenciones supeditadas de facto a la exportación como "supeditadas a las exportaciones o los ingresos de exportación reales o previstos" (en lugar de "vinculadas a las exportaciones o los ingresos de exportación reales o previstos") es que, con arreglo a este enfoque, una subvención global a la exportación puede no ser considerada una subvención a la exportación de facto, porque la cuantía de las subvenciones otorgadas puede no estar supeditada al volumen de las exportaciones. Sin embargo, este enfoque no puede estar en conformidad con el artículo 3 y la nota 4 de pie de página, porque puede excluir las subvenciones a la exportación de las disciplinas previstas en el artículo 3 dependiendo de la forma en que se desembolsen esas subvenciones a la exportación, incluso en casos en los que esas subvenciones se

1 Informe del Órgano de Apelación, Canadá - Medidas que afectan a la exportación de aeronaves

civiles, WT/DS70/AB/R, párrafo 169 (adoptado el 8 de agosto de 1999). 2 Ibid., párrafo 171.


confieran a una empresa que únicamente exporte o a una empresa por la fabricación de un producto que únicamente se exportará.3

III. MODIFICACIÓN PROPUESTA DEL TEXTO

9. A la luz de las anteriores consideraciones, el Brasil desea referirse específicamente a la situación en la cual la subvención sólo se otorga a fin de hacer posible el cumplimiento de contratos o acuerdos de exportación con una empresa o gobierno de otro país. En otras palabras, las ventas internas en el territorio del Miembro de la OMC que otorga la subvención no se contemplan siquiera en ningún momento. Ello es particularmente problemático cuando los Miembros de la OMC toman medidas para otorgar subvenciones a una empresa en su propio territorio conminas a la venta de productos personalizados que están destinados a ser exportados para su utilización en la producción de otro producto en el territorio de otro país.

10. A fin de abordar sus preocupaciones y, en general, facilitar el debate, el Brasil propone la siguiente modificación del párrafo 1 a) del artículo 3 del Acuerdo SMC:

3.1 A reserva de lo dispuesto en el Acuerdo sobre la Agricultura, las siguientes subvenciones, en el sentido del artículo 1, se considerarán prohibidas:

a) las subvenciones supeditadas de jure o de facto4 a los resultados de exportación, como condición única o entre otras varias condiciones, con inclusión de las citadas a título de ejemplo en el anexo I…

--------------------------------------

4 Esta norma se cumple cuando los hechos demuestran que la concesión de una subvención, aun sin haberse supeditado de jure a los resultados de exportación, está de hecho vinculada a las exportaciones o los ingresos de exportación reales o previstos. El mero hecho de que una subvención sea otorgada a empresas que exporten no será razón suficiente para considerarla subvención a la exportación en el sentido de esta disposición. No obstante, una subvención vinculada a las exportaciones reales o previstas a un país determinado concedida únicamente para permitir el cumplimiento de contratos o acuerdos de exportación, o arreglos similares, con una empresa o gobierno de otro país se considerará una subvención a la exportación de facto.

11. El Brasil se reserva el derecho de revisar y ampliar sus opiniones y de formular nuevas observaciones y propuestas sobre esta cuestión.

__________

3 Con esta afirmación, el Brasil no alega que una subvención concedida a una empresa deba ser

automáticamente considerada una subvención a la exportación de facto simplemente porque, debido a condiciones de competencia, la empresa exporte parte de su producción o tenga un elevado grado de orientación a la exportación.



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IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LAS PARTES INTERESADAS

Documento presentado por el Brasil y los Estados Unidos La siguiente comunicación, de fecha 16 de noviembre de 2005, se distribuye a petición de las delegaciones del Brasil y los Estados Unidos. Dichas delegaciones han pedido que este texto, que fue presentado al Grupo de Negociación sobre las Normas como documento informal (JOB(05)/292), se distribuya también como documento formal.

_______________ Introducción Una de las funciones más importantes de la autoridad administradora al comienzo de una investigación es identificar a las partes interesadas en la medida en que pueda hacerlo y realizar la notificación. Si no saben que se ha iniciado un procedimiento que puede afectar a sus intereses, las partes no pueden defenderlos. También han de saber quiénes son las otras partes interesadas. Esto es cierto en el caso de los productores nacionales del producto similar, apoyen o no la solicitud, y de los importadores, así como de los productores y exportadores extranjeros. En el pasado algunas autoridades consideraron que podían confiar exclusivamente en que las partes se identificaran por sí solas. No obstante, esta práctica es incompatible con la obligación actual de llevar a cabo los procedimientos antidumping o en materia de derechos compensatorios de una manera justa e imparcial. Para evitar futuros errores de interpretación, el Acuerdo Antidumping y el Acuerdo sobre Subvenciones y Medidas Compensatorias (ASMC) deben modificarse para aclarar mejor que, en sus investigaciones, la autoridad administradora ha de asumir un papel activo, identificando a las partes interesadas y notificándoles el inicio del procedimiento. Identificación de la rama de producción nacional Las empresas que componen la rama de producción nacional tienen una función importante que desempeñar en una investigación antidumping o en materia de derechos compensatorios, en especial suministrando la información pertinente para la determinación de la existencia de daño importante. El nivel de participación de estas empresas es importante porque su información se analiza colectivamente para determinar si las importaciones objeto de investigación han causado un daño importante a la rama de producción. Lo ideal sería que la autoridad investigadora identificara a todos los productores nacionales, con objeto de asegurarse de que su evaluación de la existencia de un daño importante a la rama de producción fuera lo más completa posible. Con la excepción de las ramas de producción fragmentadas, para las que quizá sean apropiados otros enfoques, la no


identificación de una proporción significativa de la rama de producción afectará negativamente a la exactitud de la determinación de la existencia de daño.1 Aunque los Acuerdos ya disponen que las autoridades asumirán un papel activo en la identificación de los componentes de la rama de producción nacional, algunos Miembros todavía interpretan equivocadamente que la expresión "proporción importante" del párrafo 1 del artículo 4 del Acuerdo Antidumping y del párrafo 1 del artículo 16 del ASMC los autoriza a aceptar pasivamente la lista de productores que debe incluirse en la solicitud de conformidad con el párrafo 2 i) del artículo 5 del Acuerdo Antidumping y el párrafo 2 i) del artículo 11 del ASMC como la rama de producción nacional. Ello ha motivado situaciones en las que las determinaciones de la existencia de daño se han basado en una proporción muy reducida de la rama de producción nacional. Los Acuerdos deberían mejorarse para aclarar el papel activo que debe desempeñar la autoridad investigadora.2 Identificación de los exportadores y de los productores extranjeros en las investigaciones antidumping La identificación de los exportadores o los productores extranjeros pertinentes en una investigación antidumping es tan importante como la identificación de los componentes de la rama de producción nacional, aunque puede resultar más difícil para la autoridad investigadora. No obstante, el principio fundamental que debe guiar la actuación de la autoridad administradora es el mismo: para que una investigación antidumping sea objetiva e imparcial es necesario que la autoridad desempeñe un papel activo en la búsqueda de la información que requiere. En consecuencia, no debe permitirse que la autoridad se base pasivamente en la lista de demandados que debe incluirse en la solicitud antidumping. Tampoco debe permitírsele que recurra exclusivamente a un procedimiento de "notificación de comparecencia" o a la notificación al gobierno del Miembro exportador, aunque estos procedimientos pueden ejercer una función importante. En lugar de ello, la autoridad debe tratar activamente de identificar el mayor número posible de productores o exportadores extranjeros.3 Este proceso activo podría implicar pedir al gobierno del Miembro exportador que colabore con las asociaciones comerciales pertinentes de su país para identificar a los productores o exportadores conocidos, que consulte a sus autoridades aduaneras acerca de la existencia de otros exportadores y que realice investigaciones electrónicas o de otro tipo apropiado para identificar a las posibles empresas declarantes. Aunque en el texto actual del Acuerdo Antidumping ya se dispone que deberá tratarse activamente de identificar a los exportadores y a los productores extranjeros, en nuestra opinión, posiblemente sea necesaria una aclaración suplementaria. Propuesta: Identificación de la rama de producción nacional 5.2 [11.2] Con la solicitud a que se hace referencia en el párrafo 1 se incluirán pruebas de la existencia de: a) dumping [se incluirán suficientes pruebas de la existencia de: a) una subvención y, si es posible, su cuantía;]; b) un daño en el sentido del artículo VI del GATT de 1994 según se interpreta en el presente Acuerdo y c) una relación causal entre las importaciones objeto de dumping [subvencionadas] y el supuesto daño. No podrá considerarse que para cumplir los requisitos fijados

1 Los autores de la propuesta acogerían con satisfacción un debate sobre la definición apropiada de "rama de producción fragmentada" a efectos de la determinación del apoyo de la rama de producción, pero precisan que este concepto está recogido en el texto de los actuales Acuerdos, en la nota de pie de página 13 del Acuerdo Antidumping y en la nota de pie de página 38 del ASMC.

2 También en este caso, una excepción importante es la situación de las ramas de producción

fragmentadas, en las cuales tanto los solicitantes como la autoridad han de limitarse forzosamente a la información que puedan recoger.

3 Tenemos presente que los productores o exportadores también pueden formar parte de una rama de

producción fragmentada y que, por lo tanto, la capacidad de la autoridad para recoger información sin causar un retraso indebido al procedimiento puede ser limitada.


en el presente párrafo basta una simple afirmación no apoyada por las pruebas pertinentes. La solicitud contendrá la información que razonablemente tenga a su alcance el solicitante sobre los siguientes puntos:

i) identidad [la identidad] del solicitante, y [una]descripción realizada por el mismo [dicho solicitante] del volumen y valor de la producción nacional del producto similar. Cuando la solicitud escrita se presente en nombre de la rama de producción nacional, en ella se identificará la rama de producción en cuyo nombre se haga la solicitud por medio de, una lista de todos los productores nacionales del producto similar conocidos (o, en el caso de las ramas de producción fragmentadas, de las asociaciones de productores nacionales del producto similar) y, en la medida posible, se facilitará una descripción del volumen y valor de la producción nacional del producto similar que representen dichos productores;

* * * * *

5.3 [11.3] Las autoridades examinarán la exactitud y pertinencia [exactitud e idoneidad] de las pruebas presentadas con la solicitud para determinar si existen pruebas suficientes que justifiquen [a fin de determinar si son suficientes para justificar] la iniciación de una investigación. En particular, las autoridades investigarán (consultando por ejemplo las fuentes que tengan razonablemente a su alcance, incluidas las asociaciones o publicaciones comerciales) si existen productores nacionales del producto similar (o, en el caso de las ramas de producción fragmentadas, asociaciones de productores nacionales del producto similar) no mencionados en la solicitud.

* * * * *

Propuesta: Identificación de los exportadores y de los productores extranjeros en las investigaciones antidumping 6.1 Se dará a todas las partes interesadas en una investigación antidumping aviso de la información que exijan las autoridades y amplia oportunidad para presentar por escrito todas las pruebas que consideren pertinentes por lo que se refiere a la investigación de que se trate. Para permitir la participación de esas partes, las autoridades investigarán (consultando por ejemplo las fuentes que tengan razonablemente a su alcance, incluidas las asociaciones o publicaciones comerciales o los datos relativos a las importaciones) si hay productores extranjeros, exportadores o importadores del producto considerado que no están mencionados en la solicitud. No bastará con recurrir a un procedimiento de notificación de comparecencia ni a la notificación al gobierno del Miembro exportador.

* * * * * 12.1 Cuando las autoridades se hayan cerciorado de que existen pruebas suficientes para justificar la iniciación de una investigación antidumping con arreglo al artículo 5, lo notificarán al Miembro o Miembros cuyos productos vayan a ser objeto de tal investigación y a las demás partes interesadas de cuyo interés tenga conocimiento identificadas por la autoridad investigadora, y se dará el aviso público correspondiente.

__________

. /.

WORLD TRADE


(05-5431)

Negotiating Group on Rules Original: English/ French

BENEFIT PASS-THROUGH

Paper from Canada The following communication, dated 16 November 2005, is being circulated at the request of the Delegation of Canada. The submitting delegation has requested that this paper, which was submitted to the Rules Negotiating Group as an informal document (JOB(05)/289), also be circulated as a formal document.

_______________

Members will recall that, at the June 2004 session of the Negotiating Group, Canada presented a paper on “Benefit Pass-Through” (circulated as document JOB(04)/55). Having had the benefit of Members’ views, Canada is submitting this revised version of its original paper. In this regard, and given the comments of various Members with respect to the Annex proposed in that paper, Canada has significantly streamlined its text proposal and eliminated the Annex altogether. Canada believes its revised proposal represents an important codification of GATT/WTO jurisprudence (given that benefit pass-through is the vehicle by which subsidies are bestowed indirectly within the meaning of Article VI:3 of the GATT 1994), and improvement to the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM Agreement). I. ISSUE 1. It is well-established in GATT/WTO jurisprudence that, where the recipient of a financial contribution and the alleged recipient of the resulting benefit are different entities, the investigating authority of a Member cannot presume a benefit pass-through, but rather, must examine whether, and to what extent, the benefit of the financial contribution has actually been passed through from the entity that was the initial recipient of the financial contribution to the entity that produces the product at issue.1

1 In the US – Canadian Pork GATT panel report (adopted on 11 July 1991), the panel held that, because swine producers and pork producers were separate industries operating at arms length, the US Department of Commerce was required to examine whether and to what extent the subsidies bestowed on the upstream producers benefited the downstream producers. In a somewhat different (i.e. pre-privatization subsidy) context, the WTO panel in US – Lead and Bismuth II (WT/DS/138/R) stated (at fn. 69) that: “A ‘financial contribution’ does not have to be bestowed directly on a company in order to confer a ‘benefit’ on that company. For example, one company may be found to ‘benefit’ from a ‘financial contribution’ conferred on another company.” The Appellate Body report (WT/DS138/AB/R, adopted on 7 June 2000) however went on to clarify that a pre-privatization subsidy cannot be deemed to confer a benefit to a successor company. The Appellate Body in United States – Final Countervailing Duty Determination with respect to Certain Softwood from Canada (WT/DS257/AB/R of 17 February 2004) also reaffirmed the findings in US – Canadian Pork explaining, at paragraph 143, that:

TN/RL/GEN/86 Page 2 2. The current SCM Agreement does not, however, afford any direct guidance on this matter. In the absence of explicit guidance to conduct pass-through analyses, there is greater scope for the authorities of a Member to apply countervailing measures on the basis of a perfunctory or pro forma analysis. It would therefore be useful to include guidelines in the SCM Agreement to assist both investigating authorities in the conduct of pass-through analyses and dispute settlement panels in the consideration of such issues. III. PROPOSED TEXT AMENDMENTS 3. It is proposed that a new footnote be added to current Article 1.1(b) of the SCM Agreement that takes account of existing GATT/WTO jurisprudence that the pass-through of the benefit of a financial contribution from one entity to an unrelated entity cannot be presumed, but rather, must be demonstrated. For greater clarity, and internal coherence, the demonstration of pass-through should be linked to current Article 14 of the SCM Agreement, i.e.:

Where there is evidence suggesting that a financial contribution, within the meaning of that term in Article 1.1(a)(1), is received by one entity and a benefit, within the meaning of that term in Article 1.1(b), is conferred thereby to an unrelated entity so as to constitute the bestowal of an indirect subsidy, the Member concerned shall determine whether, and to what extent, the benefit of the financial contribution was actually passed through from the former to the latter in accordance with the provisions of Article 14 of this Agreement applied mutatis mutandis. A pass-through analysis shall be conducted in a transparent manner and a finding that all or part of the benefit of a subsidy has been passed through to another entity shall be adequately explained. For greater clarity, the requirement to demonstrate that the benefit of a financial contribution has passed from one entity through to another is limited to transactions within the territory of the Member in which the subsidy was bestowed.

* * *

The above does not purport to be an exhaustive enumeration of issues relating to pass-through and Canada reserves its right to offer additional thoughts on the matter.

__________

[F]or a potentially countervailable subsidy to exist, there must be a financial contribution by the government that confers a benefit to a recipient. Where a subsidy is conferred on input products, and the countervailing duty is imposed on processed products, the initial recipient of the subsidy and the producer of the eventually countervailed product, may not be the same. In such a case, there is a direct recipient of the benefit—the producer of the input product. When the input is subsequently processed, the producer of the processed product is an indirect recipient of the benefit—provided it can be established that the benefit flowing from the input subsidy is passed through, at least in part, to the processed product. Where the input producers and producers of the processed products operate at arm's length, the pass-through of input subsidy benefits from the direct recipients to the indirect recipients downstream cannot simply be presumed; it must be established by the investigating authority. In the absence of such analysis, it cannot be shown that the essential elements of the subsidy definition in Article 1 are present in respect of the processed product. In turn, the right to impose a countervailing duty on the processed product for the purpose of offsetting an input subsidy, would not have been established in accordance with Article VI:3 of the GATT 1994, and, consequently, would also not have been in accordance with Articles 10 and 32.1 of the SCM Agreement. (Emphasis in original)

. /.



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PROPUESTA RELATIVA A LAS PARTES AFILIADAS

Documento presentado por el Territorio Aduanero Distinto de Taiwán, Penghu, Kinmen y Matsu

La siguiente comunicación, de fecha 16 de noviembre de 2005, se distribuye a petición de la delegación del Territorio Aduanero Distinto de Taiwán, Penghu, Kinmen y Matsu.

Dicha delegación ha pedido que este documento, que fue presentado al Grupo de Negociación sobre las Normas como documento informal (JOB(05)/285), se distribuya también como documento formal.

_______________ I. RESUMEN DE LA PROPUESTA

1. La cuestión de la "afiliación" ha sido objeto de propuestas presentadas por los "Amigos de las negociaciones antidumping"1, el Brasil2 y otros Miembros. Estas propuestas aspiran a establecer orientación sobre el trato de los datos relativos a transacciones entre las partes afiliadas dando una definición más clara del término "parte afiliada" en el Acuerdo Antidumping, y/o estableciendo una prueba del precio entre partes independientes para las transacciones entre partes afiliadas. Esta propuesta no aborda la cuestión de cómo definir el término "parte afiliada", aunque los patrocinadores están de acuerdo en que es conveniente una definición más clara.

2. Lo que hace esta propuesta es centrarse en la prueba del precio entre partes independientes. Como cuestión de principio, las autoridades no deberían presumir que todos los datos sobre precios entre partes afiliadas no son dignos de confianza. Las autoridades deberían aceptar el precio de transacción, incluso entre partes afiliadas, salvo que no supere la prueba del precio entre partes independientes. En este sentido, la finalidad de esta propuesta es similar a la de la propuesta presentada por los Amigos de las negociaciones antidumping. La presente propuesta permite mayor flexibilidad a la autoridad investigadora y a la parte declarante al llevar a cabo la prueba del precio entre partes independientes.

II. TEXTO PROPUESTO

Debería modificarse el artículo 2 del Acuerdo Antidumping añadiendo un nuevo párrafo o anexo para dar orientación sobre la prueba del precio entre partes independientes en el caso de transacciones entre partes afiliadas. El texto modificado quedaría redactado de la siguiente manera:

1 Documentos TN/RL/W/146 y TN/RL/GEN/19. 2 Documento TN/RL/GEN/67.


2.X "Para determinar si la transacción entre partes afiliadas es aceptable a los efectos del presente artículo, el hecho de que el comprador y el vendedor estén afiliados en el sentido del presente artículo no será en sí mismo motivo para considerar inaceptable el precio de transacción. En caso de que, a la luz de la información de que disponga la autoridad investigadora, la autoridad competente considere que el precio no es fiable debido a la afiliación, comunicará sus preocupaciones al exportador o productor de que se trate y se dará a éstos una oportunidad razonable para responder."

En una venta entre partes afiliadas se aceptará el precio de transacción siempre que el exportador o productor de que se trate demuestre que ese precio se aproxima estrechamente* a uno de los precios siguientes durante el período de investigación:

i) el precio de transacción en ventas de productos idénticos o muy similares en cantidades comercialmente representativas a partes no afiliadas en el mismo país que la parte afiliada;

ii) el precio de productos idénticos o muy similares, determinado sobre la base del precio

al que los productos se revendan por primera vez en la mayor cantidad agregada a un comprador independiente en el mismo país que la parte afiliada, después de efectuar las deducciones adecuadas por concepto de costos, derechos e impuestos incurridos, o por beneficios obtenidos, entre la venta a la parte afiliada y la reventa al primer comprador independiente;

iii) el precio de productos idénticos o muy similares, determinado sobre la base del costo

de producción en el país de origen más una cantidad razonable por concepto de gastos administrativos, de venta y de carácter general, así como por concepto de beneficios obtenidos por las ventas en el mercado interno, en el caso de transacciones internas, u obtenidos por las ventas de exportación, en el caso de transacciones de exportación.

____________________________ Nueva nota de pie de página: * La autoridad investigadora podrá determinar en cada caso el porcentaje de variación adecuado que constituye esa aproximación estrecha en el precio. No obstante, el porcentaje no será en ningún caso inferior al [X] por ciento. El mismo porcentaje será aplicable para las variaciones por encima y por debajo del precio con el que se efectúa la comparación en los incisos i), ii) o iii).

__________

WORLD TRADE

ORGANIZATION TN/TE/W/63 17 November 2005

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Committee on Trade and Environment Special Session

SYNTHESIS OF SUBMISSIONS ON ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS

Informal Note by the Secretariat

This document has been prepared under the Secretariat's own responsibility and without prejudice to the positions of Members

and to their rights and obligations under the WTO.

1. Paragraph 31 (iii) of the Doha Ministerial Declaration calls for negotiations on "the reduction or, as appropriate, elimination of tariff and non-tariff barriers to environmental goods and services", with a view to enhancing the mutual supportiveness of trade and environment. The present note compiles the various issues raised in Members' submissions to the CTESS in 2002-2005, to the extent possible. It was initially prepared in response to a request by the CTESS at its February 2005 meeting (Job (05)/57 and Rev.1-2).

2. The note begins with an introduction followed by a section describing the approaches to Paragraph 31(iii) before the CTESS. The third section sets out the parameters that have been used by Members in constructing their proposed lists of environmental goods. A final section refers to a number of other issues raised in the submissions related to the Paragraph 31 (iii) mandate. Annex I shows the different categories used by Members in their lists. A compilation of lists submitted by Members so far is provided in Annex II. A table showing all submissions on environmental goods to date is contained in Annex III.

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TN/TE/W/63 Page 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................3 II. APPROACHES TO THE NEGOTIATIONS UNDER PARAGRAPH 31(III)...................3

A. ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECT APPROACH.........................................................................3 B. LIST APPROACH .............................................................................................................4 C. INTEGRATED APPROACH................................................................................................5

III. PARAMETERS USED TO IDENTIFY ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS.............................6 A. END-USE CHARACTERISTICS .........................................................................................6 B. LINK TO EXISTING CLASSIFICATIONS ............................................................................6 C. LINK TO EXISTING LISTS................................................................................................6 D. CONTRIBUTION TO INTERNATIONALLY AGREED ENVIRONMENTAL

OBJECTIVES....................................................................................................................7 E. CATEGORY COVERAGE OF MEMBERS' SUBMISSIONS ....................................................8

1. Main categories of Members' Submissions...................................................8 2. Environmentally Preferable Products ..........................................................9

IV. OTHER ISSUES RELATED TO THE PARAGRAPH 31 (III) MANDATE....................10 A. LINKAGES BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS AND SERVICES .................................10 B. PROVISION OF TARIFF AND TRADE DATA....................................................................10

ANNEX I CATEGORY COVERAGE OF MEMBERS' SUBMISSIONS .....................................12 ANNEX II ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS BASED ON MEMBERS' SUBMISSIONS ................14 ANNEX III LIST OF DOCUMENTS SUBMITTED BY MEMBERS UNDER

PARAGRAPH 31(III).............................................................................................................78

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TN/TE/W/63 Page 3 I. INTRODUCTION

3. It has been emphasized that negotiations under Paragraph 31(iii) should aim at achieving sustainable development by creating triple win situations beneficial to trade, environment and development.1

4. First, it has been said that the negotiations could result in a win for increased trade due to a reduction or elimination of tariff and non-tariff barriers (NTBs). Domestic purchasers, including business and governments at all levels, would be able to acquire environmental technologies at lower costs.2

5. The negotiations could also result in a win for the environment by improving access to high quality environmental goods. This can lead to direct quality of life benefits for citizens in all countries in terms of a cleaner environment while satisfying basic human needs, such as improved access to safe water, sanitation or clean energy.3 In addition, the use of environmental goods can reduce negative externalities in the form of detrimental environmental and human health effects and can assist in the realization of important energy efficiency gains.4

6. Finally, the negotiations could result in a win for development because liberalization can assist developing countries in obtaining the tools needed to address key environmental priorities as part of their on-going development strategies5, such as those that have been identified in the WSSD Johannesburg Plan of Implementation.6

II. APPROACHES TO THE NEGOTIATIONS UNDER PARAGRAPH 31(III)

7. The submissions made so far propose the following approaches to Paragraph 31 (iii): the environmental project approach, the approach supporting the establishment of a multilaterally agreed list of environmental goods and the integrated approach.

A. ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECT APPROACH

8. The "Environmental Project Approach" is proposed by India. 7 Under this approach, environmental goods and services would be included in a project to be approved by a Designated National Authority (DNA). If approved, the goods and services included in the project would qualify for specified concessions for the duration of the project. This approach would address diversity in environmental standards with common but differentiated responsibilities and would introduce trade liberalization to meet the environmental, as well as development goals, of both the

1 "Negotiations on Environmental Goods", submission by the United States, 9 July 2002, TN/TE/W/8, para. 2; "Market Access for Environmental Goods", submission by the European Communities, 17 February 2005, TN/TE/W/47, para. 5; "Canada's Initial List of Environmental Goods", submission by Canada, TN/TE/W/50, 2 June 2005, para. 3; "An Alternative Approach for Negotiations under Paragraph 31(iii)", submissions by India, 3 June 2005, TN/TE/W/51, para. 12; "Environmental Goods", submission by Cuba, 5 July 2005, TN/TE/W/55, para. 2; "Environmental Goods", submission by Switzerland, 6 July 2005, TN/TE/W/57, paras. 3-4; "Environmental Goods for Development", submission by Brazil, 8 July 2005, TN/TE/W/59, para. 9.

2 "Liberalizing Environmental Goods in the WTO: Approaching the Definition Issue", submission by the United States, 19 June 2003, TN/TE/W/34, para. 3.

3 United States, TN/TE/W/34, para. 3; European Communities, TN/TE/W/47, para. 5. 4 Switzerland, TN/TE/W/57, para. 4. 5 Cuba, TN/TE/W/55, para. 15. See also "Statement by China on Environmental Goods at the Committee on Trade

and Environment Special Session (CTESS) Meeting of 22 June 2004", 6 July 2004, TN/TE/W/42, para. 2. 6 United States, TN/TE/W/34, para. 3. 7 Submissions by India: "An Alternative Approach for Negotiations under Paragraph 31(iii)", 3 June 2005,

TN/TE/W/51, "Structural Dimensions of the Environmental Project Approach", 4 July 2005, TN/TE/W/54 and "Procedural and Technical Aspects of the Environmental Project Approach, 19 September 2005, TN/TE/W/60.

TN/TE/W/63 Page 4 Doha Development Agenda and Agenda 21.8 It is also said that this approach would bring synergy between environmental goods and services and provide a framework for transfer of technology and for its adaptation by developing countries.9 Also, goods and services required for the project would have direct use and could be related to the environmental objective for which they were being given market access.10

9. The DNA is to be the national focal point for overseeing all approvals to be granted for tariff reductions on environmental goods and services related to a specific project that is to be implemented within the country. Its primary role would be to function as an authority that would appraise the project proposals for granting tariff concessions on goods and services.11 The DNA may comprise, for example, representatives from government, private sector, civil society or any other entities deemed appropriate by national governments.12 The role of the DNA would be to see that the information provided in the proposal is appropriate for achieving the objectives of the project.

10. The projects selected would aim at meeting national environmental objectives, as well as objectives of any bilateral or multilateral environmental agreement.13 They would include, inter alia, equipment, parts and components, consumables, services, investment, financial aid and transfer of technology. The broad criteria for "environmental projects" could be agreed upon in the CTESS with due consideration to the policy space of national governments. The projects may include: air pollution control; water and waste management; solid waste management; remediation and clean-up; noise and vibration abatement; environmental monitoring and analysis; process optimization; energy saving management; renewable energy facilities; and environmentally preferable products.14

B. LIST APPROACH

11. At present, nine Members have tabled submissions containing their initial lists of environmental goods: Canada, the European Communities, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, Qatar, Switzerland, Chinese Taipei and the United States. The products included in the various lists have been compiled in Annex II to this note. Two aspects have been discussed by Members in relation to the list approach: the development of a "living list", and the creation of two lists with different sets of commitments.

12. It has been suggested that an agreed list of environmental goods should be considered a "living list"15 and that a process should be set up to update and expand the list.16 This would help reflect the reality of the evolution of environmental goods and technological change and encourage technological innovation in a field where evolution in technologies is the key to successfully

8 India, TN/TE/W/51, para. 12. 9 India, TN/TE/60, paras. 4, 6. 10 India, TN/TE/60, para. 8. 11 India, TN/TE/W/54, para. 14. 12 India, TN/TE/60, para. 9. 13 India, TN/TE/W/51, para. 13. 14 India, TN/TE/W/51, para. 14. 15 Submissions by New Zealand: "Environmental Goods", 10 February 2005, TN/TE/W/46, paras. 13-18;

"Environmental Goods", 26 May 2005, TN/TE/W/49, para. 6; and "Environmental Goods", Statement at the CTESS Informal Meeting of 10 June 2005, Supplement, 16 June 2005, TN/TE/W/49/Suppl.1, para. 23.

16 New Zealand, TN/TE/W/46, para. 16; European Communities, TN/TE/W/47, para. 7 and "EC Submission on environmental goods", 5 July 2005, TN/TE/W/56, para. 1; Switzerland, TN/TE/W/57, paras. 16-17. With respect to precedents in this regard, the 1996 Ministerial Declaration on Trade in Information Technology Products (ITA) and the Uruguay Round "zero-for-zero" initiative on the Trade in Pharmaceutical Products, were developed on the assumption that the lists of products covered by these agreements would need to stay abreast of, and be responsive to, technological breakthroughs.

TN/TE/W/63 Page 5 addressing environmental challenges.17 According to a report by the OECD, half of the environmental goods likely to be in use within the coming decade do not currently exist.18

13. Some Members have expressed the view that two lists need to be prepared. China's proposal suggested setting up a "common list" and a "development list".19 The "common list" would include specific product lines, on which there is consensus that they constitute environmental goods. For the products in this common list, Members are committed to reduce or eliminate tariff and non-tariff barriers. The "development list" would be a list of environmental goods for special and differential treatment born from the "common list". It would comprise those products selected by developing and least-developed country Members from the common list for exemption, or a lower level of reduction commitments, with a view to reflecting the principle of less than full reciprocity.20

14. The United States has proposed that a "core list" and a "complementary list" be developed.21 The "core list" would comprise of products on which there is consensus that they constitute environmental goods. A second "complementary list" could be developed for additional products on which definitive consensus could not be reached, but for which there is a high degree of acknowledgement that they can have significance for environmental protection, pollution prevention or remediation, and sustainability.22

C. INTEGRATED APPROACH

15. The "Integrated Approach" is set out in a submission by Argentina. It brings together elements from all proposals submitted so far.23 Pursuant to this approach, two cumulative conditions would have to be met in order to benefit from the reduction/elimination of tariff and non-tariff restrictions under paragraph 31(iii) of the Doha Mandate.24 First, the goods must be included in one of the environmental project categories to be identified by the CTESS, such as: air pollution control; water and waste water management; soil and soil conservation; solid waste management; remediation and clean up; noise and vibration abatement; environmental monitoring and analysis; process optimization; energy saving management; renewable energy; and environment-friendly products.25

16. The CTESS would then include in each category the "environmental goods" that would be available for application to the development of national projects. Tariff reduction/elimination and the elimination of non-tariff barriers would be agreed multilaterally, taking account of special and differential treatment. The tariff benefit granted by the importing Member would cover a specific period, i.e. the project implementation phase. The conditions of access to the transfer of "clean technology" and local capacity building would be negotiated within the environmental project.

17 "Initial List of Environmental Goods", submission by the United States, 1 July 2005, TN/TE/W/52, para. 4; European Communities, TN/TE/W/47, para. 7; and "EC Submission on environmental goods", 5 July 2005, TN/TE/W/56, para. 1.

18 OECD (1998) The Global Environmental Goods and Services Industry, OECD Publications, Paris. 19 China, TN/TE/W/42, paras. 4-6. 20 In its submission to the CTESS, Cuba has expressed its support of China's proposal, TN/TE/W/55, para. 18. 21 "Contribution on an Environmental Goods Modality", submission by the United States, 7 July 2003,

TN/TE/W/38 – TN/MA/W/18/Add.5, para. 3. 22 New Zealand has also suggested to develop two such lists, TN/TE/W/46, paras. 10-12. 23 "Integrated Proposal on Environmental Goods for Development", submission by Argentina, 14 October 2005,

TN/TE/W/62. 24 Argentina, TN/TE/W/62, para. 10. 25 Argentina, TN/TE/W/62, para. 9.

TN/TE/W/63 Page 6 III. PARAMETERS USED TO IDENTIFY ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS

17. Various parameters for the identification of environmental goods have been proposed by Members in their submissions. These are presented hereafter in no particular order.

A. END-USE CHARACTERISTICS

18. It has been suggested that reliance on a product's environmental "end-use"26 or "direct use"27 characteristics could be a practical criterion for the identification of environmental goods: only products used for a particular environmental purpose or medium should be included in the list of environmental goods.28 Concerns have been expressed about the possible dual/multiple use of these products: certain products may have significant uses other than environmental ones.29 Also, it has been stressed that goods that rely on product distinctions based on processes or production methods (PPMs) should be excluded from the list.30

B. LINK TO EXISTING CLASSIFICATIONS

19. The products nominated on Members' lists are listed under HS categories, at the 4- or 6- digit level. In certain cases, the entire HS 4-digit or HS 6-digit heading is not exclusively used for an environmental purpose, and only part of the category is intended as an environmental good.31 To help identify an environmental good within the HS 4-digit or HS 6-digit category, an additional product specification or ex-out is provided.32

C. LINK TO EXISTING LISTS

20. In the development of their lists some Members have used "reference points"33 to the OECD definition of environmental industries34 and/or APEC’s conceptualization of environmental goods.35 For instance, Japan has cited the work done by the OECD on environmental goods in 2000 as providing the policy rationale for the products and categories which it proposes. Switzerland's list is based on the OECD definition.36 The United States' list, based on the APEC approach, goes beyond

26 "Initial List of Environmental Goods Proposed", submission by Korea, 18 February 2005, TN/TE/W/48, para. 5; United States, TN/TE/W/52, para. 2.

27 "Proposed Initial List of Environmental Goods", submission by Chinese Taipei, 7 October 2004, TN/TE/W/44 (and Corr.1), para. 7.

28 European Communities, TN/TE/W/47, para. 9. 29 Cuba, TN/TE/W/55, para. 4; India, TN/TE/W/51, para. 4. 30 United States, TN/TE/W/52, para. 2; United States, TN/TE/W/34, para. 7; Korea, TN/TE/W/48, para. 5. 31 In addition, the European Communities has proposed that since environmental technologies are often delivered

as packages, specific codes should be created in national nomenclatures for entire systems, whenever they are not already explicitly recognized in the HS. This could, for example, be the case for a wastewater treatment plant, or a system for treating industrial sludge intended to be integrated into an industrial plant. The European Communities, however, has suggested that spare parts and accessories be included in this initiative only when they are explicitly described as solely for the use in the systems identified by Members as environmental goods. European Communities, TN/TE/W/47, para. 9.

32 Korea, TN/TE/W/48, para. 5; "Canada's Initial List of Environmental Goods – Supplement", submission by Canada, TN/TE/W/50/Suppl.1, 1 July 2005, para. 2; United States, TN/TE/W/52, p. 2; European Communities, TN/TE/W/56, paras. 6-7; Switzerland, TN/TE/W/57, p. 5.

33 New Zealand, TN/TE/W/46, para. 6 and TN/TE/W/49, paras. 2-3. For Cuba, the use of the APEC and the OECD lists as references for preparing a potential multilateral list has failed to serve the interests of developing countries in that they benefit developed country export products and services. Cuba, TN/TE/W/55, para. 8.

34 The OECD/EUROSTAT defines the environmental industry as consisting of: "activities which produce goods and services to measure, prevent, limit, minimise or correct environmental damage to water, air and soil as well as problems related to waste, noise and eco systems. Clean technologies, processes, products and services which reduce environmental risks and minimise pollution and material use are also considered part of the environmental industry". OECD (1999) The Environmental Goods and Services Industry: Manual for Data Collection and Analysis, OECD Publications, Paris.

35 The descriptive section of WT/GC/W/138/Add.1 contains further details on the approach adopted by APEC. 36 Switzerland, TN/TE/W/57, para. 20.

TN/TE/W/63 Page 7 the APEC list to cover an additional 46 products.37 For each category in the New Zealand list, reference points to the OECD and/or APEC definitions have been used to explain the presence of an environmental good on the list.38

D. CONTRIBUTION TO INTERNATIONALLY AGREED ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES

21. The following instruments have been referred to as providing guidance to the identification of environmental goods:

- Agenda 21: Chapter 4 on changing consumption patterns39 and Chapter 9 on the protection of the atmosphere40;

- Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) Plan of Implementation, inter alia paragraphs 8, 9, 20(c), 21, 22(a) and (b), 25, 26(e) and (f), 36(g), 38(g), 66(d) and chapter IV41;

- Millennium Development Goals (MDG) addressing basic human needs in particular, access to safe water and sanitation, pollution prevention, resource use reduction and waste minimization, e.g. MDG 7 of halving the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water42;

- Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs), e.g. the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol43; the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal44; the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer45; the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 46 ; the Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade47; and the Convention on Biological Diversity48;

- Bonn International Conference for Renewable Energies, Political Declaration of June 200449; and

- Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS).50

37 United States, TN/TE/W/34, para. 9 and TN/TE/W/52, para. 3. 38 New Zealand, TN/TE/W/46, para. 6 and TN/TE/W/49, paras. 2-3. 39 European Communities, TN/TE/W/56, p. 12. 40 European Communities, TN/TE/W/56, p. 6 and 13. 41 European Communities, TN/TE/W/56, pp. 3-13. 42 European Communities, TN/TE/W/56, p. 3. 43 "Negotiations on Environmental Goods: Efficient, Lower-Carbon and Pollutant-Emitting Fuels and

Technologies", Qatar, 28 January 2003, TN/TE/W/19, TN/MA/W/24, para. 8; European Communities, TN/TE/W/47, footnote 2 to para. 6.

44 European Communities, TN/TE/W/47, footnote 2 to para. 6. 45 European Communities, TN/TE/W/47, footnote 2 to para. 6. 46 European Communities, TN/TE/W/47, footnote 2 to para. 6. 47 European Communities, TN/TE/W/47, footnote 2 to para. 6. 48 European Communities, TN/TE/W/47, footnote 2 to para. 6; Brazil, TN/TE/W/59, para. 10. 49 European Communities, TN/TE/W/47, p. 8. 50 European Communities, TN/TE/W/47, footnote 2 to para. 6.

TN/TE/W/63 Page 8 E. CATEGORY COVERAGE OF MEMBERS' SUBMISSIONS

1. Main categories of Members' Submissions

22. Annex II contains all the products listed by Canada, the European Communities, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, Qatar, Switzerland, Chinese Taipei and the United States in their submissions. Members have used categories as a tool to catalogue the products whose purpose or function may not have been evident from the HS code in the construction of a list of environmental goods and to help illustrate the environmental purposes justifying the products' inclusion in the lists.51

23. In total, Annex II contains 480 entries.52 Most of the entries refer to the area of waste water management (118 entries), solid and hazardous waste management (108 entries) and renewable energy plant (108 entries). 56 per cent of the entries fall in the area of "pollution management". The different categories used by Members in their lists as well as the abbreviations contained in Annex II are presented in Annex I. The composition of Annex II may be reflected as follows:

Composition of Annex II by Category53

104 9891 88

68

5039 34

23 20 19 159 7 6 5 1

WW

M

REP S/H

CT/

P

M/A

APC EP

P

R/C

WSU HEP N/V RM

H/E

M RS

PWT

NR

M SC

51 Canada, TN/TE/W/50/Suppl.1, para. 3. 52 There is one entry per HS heading or sub-heading. However, there are 36 entries without HS code, see

entries 444-480. 53 Several entries refer to more than one category; as a result, the total number of entries does not correspond to

the total number of categories referenced. The abbreviations given in this graph are explained in Annex I.

TN/TE/W/63 Page 9

Other, 12%

Cleaner Technology and Product, 13%

Resources Management, 21%

Pollution Management, 54%

Composition of Annex II by Area 2. Environmentally Preferable Products

24. A number of Members have included Environmentally Preferable Products (EPPs) in their lists. The concept of EPPs draws on aspects of the work undertaken by UNCTAD, which defines EPPs as products "that cause significantly less 'environmental harm' at some stage of their 'life-cycle' than alternative products serving the same purpose".54 The European Communities has created a similar category which encompasses some of the EPPs: "goods that have a high environmental performance or low environmental impacts".55 It has been stressed, however, that the EPP concept should be utilised only when the product to which it refers can be identified by end-use or disposal characteristics.56

25. It has been said that EPPs are distinct from other pollution-control goods and equipment because their environmental benefits arise in the production process, in direct use, or during disposal.57 EPPs can also be identified on the basis of objective parameters such as composition (e.g. the renewable character of components) and/or environmental performance (e.g. energy consumption, efficiency, recycleability/bio-degradability, low/zero pollution).58

26. The main consideration advanced for inclusion of this category of products in the list has been that EPPs are of particular trade interest to developing country Members.59 It has been stressed that for a majority of EPPs included in the proposed lists, developing countries were net exporters.60 Promotion of trade in natural EPPs offers attractive export opportunities for natural-products-based industries utilizing raw materials and skills that developing countries are relatively better endowed with.61 It has been proposed that the definition of environmental goods cover products such as natural fibres and colorants and other non-timber forest products and renewable energy products,

54 Less environmental harm according to the following criteria: (a) use of natural resources and energy; (b) amount and hazardousness of waste generated by the product along its life cycle; (c) impact on human and animal health; and (d) preservation of the environment. UNCTAD (1995) Environmental Preferable Products (EPPs) as a Trade Opportunity for Developing Countries, Geneva, UNCTAD (UNCTAD/COM/70).

55 European Communities, TN/TE/W/47, para. 13. 56 New Zealand, TN/TE/W/49, footnote 8 to para. 5; Switzerland, TN/TE/W/57, para. 21. 57 Switzerland, TN/TE/W/57, para. 11. 58 European Communities, TN/TE/W/47, para. 13. 59 Switzerland, TN/TE/W/57, para. 22; Brazil, TN/TE/W/59, para. 4. 60 Switzerland, TN/TE/W/57, para. 15; New Zealand, TN/TE/W/49/Suppl.1, para. 8. 61 Switzerland, TN/TE/W/57, para. 15. According to the findings of the 2004 WTO Workshop on Environmental

Goods (JOB(05)/21), the ratio of exports to imports of all environmental goods for developing countries was approximately 50 per cent (UNCTAD, year 2000 data). Looking at renewable energy and energy efficient environmental products, this ratio became approximately 100 per cent. For EPPs, the ratio was, with 127 per cent, even better. This means that developing countries might have a comparative advantage of renewable energies and energy efficient products as well as EPPs over pollution control equipments of the OECD/APEC list.

TN/TE/W/63 Page 10 including ethanol and biodiesel. 62 Improved market access for products derived from, or that incorporate, cleaner technologies, such as "flexi fuel" engines and vehicles, could also encourage the use of environmentally efficient products, as those vehicles are driven by a fuel obtained from the processing of natural resources available in developing countries.63

IV. OTHER ISSUES RELATED TO THE PARAGRAPH 31 (III) MANDATE

27. The following issues have also been raised with regard to the paragraph 31 (iii) mandate: linkages between environmental goods and services; and the provision of tariff and trade data.

A. LINKAGES BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS AND SERVICES

28. It has been stated that the provision of environmental services is closely linked to trade in related goods as there are many environmental activities that entail the delivery of services in conjunction with the use of goods.64 Moreover, the separation of services and goods in a particular environmental activity is difficult because these are very often integrated.65 Some Members have indicated that the development of their lists of environmental goods has been informed by the types of products used in environmental services.66

29. However, the concern has been raised that the linkages between goods and services have not been taken into account by the various negotiating fora, whereas proper consideration of the issue could encourage the participation of developing countries in the negotiations.67 Moreover, it has been pointed out that the "List Approach" treats environmental goods and services in a mutually exclusive manner.68

30. Finally, it has been suggested that, with a view to maximizing the benefits of trade liberalization for the development of environmental markets, Members should ensure, where appropriate, a parallel liberalization of trade in environmental services.69

B. PROVISION OF TARIFF AND TRADE DATA

31. In their submissions, some Members have provided tariff and trade data. For instance, the United States has supplied tariff data based on the 2001 MFN rate70 and import data with the average value of imports from years 1999 to 2001.71 The import data are provided at the HS 6-digit level which may be broader than the actual trade for the proposed environmental goods.72

32. According to New Zealand, for a number of the items currently on its list, bound rates range from 10-15 per cent, and in some cases above that.73 Moreover, New Zealand has some bound rates of 30 per cent in its Uruguay Round Schedule, including, for instance, on two EPP lines of interest to

62 Brazil, TN/TE/W/59, para. 10. 63 Brazil, TN/TE/W/59, para. 11. 64 Canada, TN/TE/W/50/Suppl.1, para. 4; Cuba, TN/TE/W/55, para. 12; India, TN/TE/W/51, para. 11. 65 India, TN/TE/W/51, para. 11. 66 Canada, TN/TE/W/50/Suppl.1, para. 4. The European Communities' list is partly based on the EC proposal for a

classification of Environmental Services in the context of the GATS. European Communities, TN/TE/W/47, para. 12 and footnote 4.

67 Cuba, TN/TE/W/55, para. 12. 68 India, TN/TE/W/51, para. 11. 69 European Communities, TN/TE/W/47, para. 20. 70 The tariff rate provided is a simple average of all the national line tariffs that comprise each HS 6 digit category.

United States, TN/TE/W/52, p.2. 71 The reference period with which Members currently submit trade data to the Non-Agricultural Market Access

Negotiating Committee. 72 United States, TN/TE/W/52, p.2. 73 New Zealand, TN/TE/W/49/Suppl.1, para. 10.

TN/TE/W/63 Page 11 developing countries (product lines of HS 560710 (twine made from jute) and HS560721 (twine made from sisal)).74 New Zealand has also provided data on its trade with developing countries. It has reported that, over the past eight years, more than 90 per cent of the EPPs on the New Zealand list that were exported to New Zealand came from developing countries, including, for instance, countries like Bangladesh, Kenya, Zambia, South Africa, Tanzania and India.75

_______________

74 New Zealand, TN/TE/W/49/Suppl.1, para. 10. 75 New Zealand, TN/TE/W/49/Suppl.1, para. 8.

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ANNEX I CATEGORY COVERAGE OF MEMBERS' SUBMISSIONS

Canada European

Communities Japan Korea New Zealand Qatar Switzerland Chinese Taipei United States Abb. in Ann.1

Pollution Management

Air pollution control

Protection of ambient air and climate76




Air pollution control Air Pollution Control APC

Environmental monitoring, analysis and assessment equipment

Environmental monitoring, analysis and assessment not already included elsewhere

Monitoring and analysis

Monitoring and analysis

Environmental monitoring, analysis and assessment equipment

Monitoring and analysis and assessment

Environmental monitoring, analysis and assessment

M/A

Noise and vibration abatement77

Noise and vibration abatement

Noise and vibration abatement

Noise and vibration

abatement Noise and vibration abatement N/V

Remediation and clean-up of soil and water

Protection and remediation and cleanup of soil and water78

Remediation and cleanup

Remediation and cleanup

Clean-up or remediation of soil and water



R/C

Solid and hazardous waste management

Solid and hazardous waste management79

Solid waste management

Solid and hazardous waste management

Management of solid or hazardous waste

Solid and

hazardous waste management

Solid and hazardous waste management S/H

Waste water management

Water for human use and wastewater management80





Waste water management WWM

Cleaner Technology and Products

Clean technologies processes and products

Cleaner technology and products

Cleaner or more resource-efficient technologies and products

Cleaner technology and products81

Cleaner technology and cleaner products

CT/P

Resources Management

Resource management

Natural resources

protection RM

76 The European Communities proposed the following three sub-categories: Air pollution measurement and monitoring (gas, particles and aerosols in the environment and at the emission source); air purification, including odour control; and air handling. European Communities, TN/TE/W/56.

77 The European Communities proposed the following three sub-categories: Noise measurement and analysis; vibration measurement and analysis; and noise and vibration abatement. TN/TE/W/56.

78 The European Communities proposed the following four sub-categories: Analysis; pollution control; soil cleaning/ remediation; and soil protection. TN/TE/W/56. 79 The European Communities proposed the following three sub-categories: Waste collection; Waste treatment and disposal, including recycling; and other sanitation. TN/TE/W/56. 80 The European Communities proposed the following five sub-categories: Water analysis, measurement and monitoring; water collection; production of drinking water; water handling

equipment; and wastewater treatment. European Communities, TN/TE/W/56. 81 Qatar proposed the following three sub-categories: Gas Turbines Combined Cycle Power Generation; Chemical Gas to Liquid (GTL) Fuels; and Natural Gas Fuel Cell Technologies.

For more details, see "Negotiations on Environmental Goods: Efficient, Lower-Carbon and Pollutant-Emitting Fuels and Technologies", Qatar, 28 January 2003, TN/TE/W/19, TN/MA/W/24.

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Page 13Canada European

Communities Japan Korea New Zealand Qatar Switzerland Chinese Taipei United States Abb. in Ann.1

Heat and energy management

Heat and energy savings and management

Heat and energy management Heat and energy

management H/EM

Natural risk management

NRM

Potable water treatment Potable water

treatment

Potable water treatment PWT

Renewable energy plant

Renewable energies82 Renewable energy

plant

Renewable energy plant REP

Recycling systems Other recycling system Recycling systems Recycling Systems RS

Other

Environmentally preferable products, based on end-use or disposal characteristics

Environmentally preferable products based on end-use or disposal characteristics

Environmentally preferable products based on end-use or disposal characteristics

EPP

High environmental performance or low environmental impacts83

HEP

Soil conservation Soil conservation

SC

Waste and scrap utilisation

WSU

82 The European Communities proposed the following six sub-categories: Solar energy (solar heating, solar photovoltaics, solar thermal power generation, other solar technologies); wind energy (wind generator, wind pump); hydropower; wave power; geothermal power generation; and bio-energy (bio-electricity and bio-heat from waste). TN/TE/W/56.

83 The European Communities proposed the following eight sub-categories: Vegetable plaiting materials; pulps of fibrous cellulosic material; vegetable textile fibres; other natural products; sustainable agriculture or gardening (organic fertilisers, natural pest control); energy efficiency (low consumption bulbs); sustainable transport (public transport of persons/transport of goods, other forms of sustainable transport); and eco-labelled products. TN/TE/W/56.

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ANNEX II ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS BASED ON MEMBERS' SUBMISSIONS

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PRODUCT SPECIFICATION

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1. 121190 Pyrethrum, extracts of pyrethrum or of the roots of plants containing rotenone HEP Natural occurring botanical pesticides used in

organic agriculture. European Communities

2. 130214 Pyrethrum, extracts of pyrethrum or of the roots of plants containing rotenone WWM Natural occurring botanical pesticides used in

organic agriculture. European Communities

3. 14 Vegetable plaiting materials and other vegetable products of Chapter 14 HEP

For instance materials made of bamboo or rattan (i.e. non-wood forest products). Bamboo grows to harvestable conditions in 4-5 years (much faster than slow-growing hardwoods, to which it offers alternative solutions) and can be harvested sustainably, without killing it. Bamboo can be of great use to rehabilitate and reclaim degraded (agricultural) land, to protect rivers banks and hill slopes against soil erosion and to help regenerate tropical forests. Rattan has similar characteristics.

European Communities

4. 151590 Unrefined shea butter. HEP

Shea butter is extracted from the fruits of the wild shea tree, in Sahelian Africa. These trees do not need any irrigation, fertilizers or pesticides and are not grown in plantations.


5. 152110 Vegetable waxes; beeswax and other insect waxes HEP Products harvested on trees without deforestation. European Communities

6. 152190 Vegetable waxes; beeswax and other insect waxes HEP Products harvested on trees without deforestation. European Communities

Siliceous granules that facilitate growth of bio-organisms R/C

A type of growth medium for bio-organisms used for bioremediation (the use of plants, fungi, bacteria or other micro-organisms to break down or remove pollutants).

Diatomite (natural insecticide) CT/P

A siliceous sedimentary rock formed from fossilised diatoms that can be used as an alternative to chemical pesticides. The sharp edges of the diatom skeletons pierce insects' protective coatings, causing them to desiccate.

OECD New Zealand

7. 251200 Siliceous fossil meals (for example, kieselguhr, tripolite and diatomite) and similar siliceous earths, whether or not calcines, of an apparent specific gravity of 1 or less

Diatomaceous earth, which is found all over the world and is used in organic agriculture.

EPP Switzerland

8. 2513 Pumice stone; emery; natural corundum, natural garnet and other natural abrasives, whether or not heat-treated. EPP Switzerland

9. 251810

Dolomite, whether or not calcined or sintered, including dolomite roughly trimmed or merely cut, by sawing or otherwise, into blocks or slabs of a rectangular (including square) shape; dolomite ramming mix. - Dolomite, not calcined or sintered.

Dolomite dust (as an excellent soil amendment) EPP Switzerland

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Limestone flux; limestone and other calcareous stone, for lime or cement Canada

Japan

Limestone flux; limestone and other calcareous stone, of a kind used for the manufacture of lime or cement

APC Chemical recovery systems. Reduces the formation of acid rain contaminants (sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, SO2 and NOx) when added to industrial combustion processes.

OECD New Zealand 10. 252100

Limestone flux WWM European Communities

Canada

11. 252220 Slaked lime

APC Chemical recovery systems. Reacts with SO2 formed in the combustion of sulphur-containing coal, to form a solid (calcium sulphite, CaSO3) which cannot escape into the atmosphere.

OECD New Zealand

12. 261800 Granulated slag (slag sand) from the manufacture of iron or steel WSU Waste material that can be further utilised or

recycled. OECD New Zealand

13. 271000710 GTL Diesel* CT/P Qatar

14. 271000431 GTL Naphtha* CT/P Qatar

15. 271000510 GTL Jet Fuel* CT/P Qatar

16. 271000910 GTL Lube Oils* CT/P Qatar

17. 27111100 Liquefied natural gas (LNG) ** CT/P Qatar

18. 271112000 271113000 GTL LPG (GTL Propane / GTL Butane) CT/P Qatar

19. 27112100 Natural gas (Gas)** CT/P Qatar WWM Korea

20. 280110 Chlorine PWT

Widely used in the disinfection of water and as an oxidizing agent in water treatment (e.g. for organic matter, iron, hydrogen sulphide).

OECD New Zealand

21. 280410 Hydrogen REP Canada

* The Qatari submission provided the following information: Ultra-clean transportation fuels, oils and feedstock with lower toxic pollutant emissions and no aromatic content. Reduced human health impact. Emission reductions relative to low sulfur petroleum diesel: HC (45%); CO (45%); PM (30%); NOx (9%). References: US Dept. of Energy; and Energy and Transport Sector Outlook to 2020. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), September 2002.

** The Qatari submission provided the following information: Range of Increased Relative Conversion Efficiency (IRCE) compared to other fossil fuels of higher carbon content: 23%-37%. Range of Estimated Lower Relative GHG Emissions (LRGE) compared to other fossil fuels higher carbon content: CO2/kwh: 35%-55%; CH4/kwh: 25%-75%; N2O/kwh: 90%-95%. Range of Estimated Lower Relative Toxic Pollutant Emissions (LRTPE) compared to other fossil fuels of higher in carbon content: SO2/kwh: 100%; PM/kwh: 100%; NOx/kwh: 50%-70%; NMVOC/kwh: 20%-30%. Reference: FCCC/SBSTA/2002/MISC.3 P 16-35 (UNFCCC document).

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Korea

22. 281410 Anhydrous ammonia

WWM

Chemical recovery systems. Ammonia is used in several areas of water and wastewater treatment including pH control; in solution form to regenerate weak anion exchange resins; in conjunction with chlorine to produce potable water; and as an oxygen scavenger in boiler water treatment.

OECD New Zealand

Canada

23. 281511 Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) solid

WWM Chemical recovery systems. Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) is used to precipitate out dissolved metals, facilitating their removal from waste water.

OECD New Zealand

Canada

24. 281512 Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) in aqueous solution WWM Chemical recovery systems. Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) is used to precipitate out dissolved metals, facilitating their removal from waste water.

OECD New Zealand

Canada

25. 281610 Hydroxide and peroxide of magnesium

APC Chemical recovery systems. Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) removes SO2 from flue gas in a process known as scrubbing; Magnesium peroxide is used as oxygen release compound in bioremediation to encourage bacterial activity.

OECD New Zealand

Canada

26. 281830 Aluminium hydroxide

WWM Chemical recovery systems. Used as a coagulant, to form a gelatinous precipitate in water which can gather finely divided particulate contaminants into larger ones which can be removed by settling and/or filtration.

OECD New Zealand

Canada 27. 282010 Manganese dioxide

WWM Chemical recovery systems. Used in oxidising filters

as catalytic media to precipitate out impurities OECD New Zealand

Canada 28. 282090 Manganese oxides (other) WWM Chemical recovery systems. Used in oxidising filters

as catalytic media to precipitate out impurities OECD New Zealand

Canada

29. 283210 Sodium sulphites

WWM

Chemical recovery systems. Sodium Hydrosulphite: A strong reducing agent used as the main ingredient of several resin cleaners used to clean iron fouled in ion exchange resin beds. Sodium Bisulphite and metabisulfite: Treatment of waste water e.g. removal of excess chlorine in the neutralization of cyanide, neutralization of chromic acid.

OECD New Zealand

Sulphites of metals not elsewhere specified Canada Ammonium sulphite Potassium sulphite Calcium sulphite

Korea 30. 283220 Other sulphites

WWM

Chemical recovery systems. OECD New Zealand

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Canada 31. 283510 Phosphinates (hypophosphites) and phosphonates (phosphites) of metals

WWM Chemical recovery systems. Corrosion inhibitor. OECD New Zealand

32. 283522 Phosphates of monosodium or disodium WWM Chemical recovery systems. Water softener, scale and corrosion control OECD New Zealand

Canada 33. 283523 Phosphates of trisodium WWM Chemical recovery systems. Water softener, scale

and corrosion control OECD New Zealand

Canada 34. 283524 Phosphates of potassium WWM Chemical recovery systems. Water softener, scale


Canada Korea 35. 283525 Calcium hydrogen orthophosphate (dicalcium phosphate)

WWM Chemical recovery systems. Water softener, scale and corrosion control OECD New Zealand

Calcium phosphates not elsewhere specified Canada Korea 36. 283526 Other phosphates of calcium

WWM Chemical recovery systems. Water softener, scale and corrosion control OECD New Zealand

Phosphates of metals not elsewhere specified Canada 37. 283529 Other phosphates (excl, polyphosphates) WWM Chemical recovery systems. Water softener, scale


38. 284700 Hydrogen peroxide CT/P

Used for many purposes e.g. cleaning, microbial pesticides, paper bleaching. H2O2 is a cleaner alternative to other chemicals as it breaks down to water and oxygen in the environment.

OECD New Zealand

39. 290511 Methanol REP

Methanol is a low pollution fuel, producing emissions low in reactive hydrocarbons and toxic compounds. It can also be produced sustainably from biomass. It is also a component in biodiesel manufacture.

OECD New Zealand

40. 290511000 GTL Methanol CT/P Qatar 41. 290911000 GTL Dimethyl Ether* CT/P Qatar

42. 293100 Other organo-inorganic compounds Nitrification and urease inhibitors WWM

Nitrification and urease inhibitors prevent nitrogen leaching from soil, fertiliser and/or urine from livestock. Nitrification inhibitors restrict microbial conversion of ammonium to nitrate and hence to the gases nitrogen and nitrous oxide (nitrous oxide is a greenhouse gas). Urease inhibitors inhibit the enzyme urease, thus restricting the conversion of urea in urine to ammonium.

OECD New Zealand

Other cultures of micro-organisms (excluding yeasts) and similar products

Micro-organism cultures for bio-remediation, water treatment

Bioremediation is the use of plants, fungi, bacteria or other micro-organisms to break down or remove pollutants (hydrocarbons, pesticides etc).

OECD New Zealand

R/C Bio-remediation. Also used for the biological treatment of wastewater

43. 300290 Cultures of micro-organisms and enzymes for the bio-treatment of wastewater. WWM


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44. 3101 Animal or vegetable fertilisers HEP Organic fertilisers are an essential input to organic farming European

Communities

45. 310100

Animal or vegetable fertilisers, whether or not mixed together or chemically treated; fertilisers produced by the mixing or chemical treatment of animal or vegetable products

EPP Organic fertilisers are an alternative to synthetic, chemical-based fertilisers and are used in organic farming.

OECD New Zealand

46. 320300

Colouring matter of vegetable or animal origin (including dyeing extracts but excluding animal black), whether or not chemically defined; preparations as specified in note 3 to this chapter based on colouring matter of vegetable or animal origin

WSU Waste material that can be further utilised or recycled. OECD New Zealand

47. 340119 Soap; organic surface-active products and preparations for use as soap: Other: natural soaps made from vegetable oil EPP Biodegradable and made from a renewable resource. OECD New Zealand

48. 340219 Organic surface active agents, whether or not put up for retail sale: other Oil spill dispersant chemicals R/C

Chemicals (mixtures of surfactants and solvents) that convert oil on sea/water surface into small droplets that disperse in the water column to low concentration, reducing the impact on wildlife and speeding up natural decomposition processes.

OECD New Zealand

49. 340290 Biodegradable surface-active preparations for emulsifying hydrocarbons in water or soil. R/C European

Communities

50. 3404 HEP Preparations exclusively made of a mixture of vegetable and/or animal waxes. European

Communities Enzymes not elsewhere specified; prepared enzymes not elsewhere specified M/A Canada

Cultures of micro-organisms and enzymes for the bio-treatment of wastewater. WWM 51. 350790

Cultures of micro-organisms and enzymes for soil bio-remediation R/C Bio-remediation. Also used for the biological

treatment of wastewater


APC European Communities

Canada Activated carbon

Chemical recovery systems. Activated carbon is commonly used to remove organic chemicals from drinking water.


Activated earths; activated carbons.

WWM


Insecticides Biological pest control agents CT/P

Biological control is the use of living organisms, such as predators, parasitoids, and pathogens, to control pest insects, weeds, or diseases. It is an alternative to the use of chemical pesticides.

OECD New Zealand

53. 380810 Insecticides and other pest control preparations exclusively made of natural materials, put up in forms or packings for retail sale.

HEP Naturally derived (microbial or botanical insecticides) used in organic agriculture. European

Communities

54. 381300 Preparations and charges for fire-extinguishers; charged fire-extinguishing grenades NRM Fire control. OECD New Zealand

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55. 381500 Reaction initiators, reaction accelerators and catalytic preparations, not elsewhere specified or included. (3815) M/A Canada

Reagents for water analysis. WWM European Communities 56. 3822

Composite diagnostic or laboratory reagents, not elsewhere specified M/A Canada

Products, preparations and residual products of the chemical or allied industries, incl. those consisting of mixtures of natural products, not elsewhere specified (excl. binders for foundry moulds and cores; naphthenic acids, their water-insoluble salts and their esters; non-agglomerated metal carbides mixed together or with metallic binders; prepared additives for cements, mortars and concretes; non-refractory mortars and concretes; sorbitol)

Fatty substances of animal or vegetable origin and mixtures (biodiesel) Canada

Biodiesel

CT/P Biodiesel is renewable fuel derived from vegetable oils or animal fats, suitable as a diesel fuel substitute or diesel fuel additive or extender. The fuel can be used in standard compression-ignition (i.e. diesel) engines with small or no modifications. It is biodegradable, non-toxic, and essentially free of sulphur, aromatic hydrocarbons (such as carcinogenic benzene), and produces far less particulate matter during combustion.

OECD

Products, preparations and residual products of the chemical or allied industries, not elsewhere specified or included: other

Oil spill dispersant chemicals R/C

Chemicals (mixtures of surfactants and solvents) that convert oil on sea/water surface into small droplets that disperse in the water column to low concentration, reducing the impact on wildlife and speeding up natural decomposition processes.

OECD

Other chemical products and preparations of the chemical or allied industries, not elsewhere specified Nitrification inhibitors

Nitrification inhibitors prevent nitrogen leaching from soil, fertiliser and/or urine from livestock, by restricting microbial conversion of ammonium to nitrate and hence to the gases nitrogen and nitrous oxide (nitrous oxide is a greenhouse gas).

OECD

New Zealand

57. 382490

Ion-exchangers

WWM


Natural polymers: Other: Chemical derivatives of natural rubber Biodegradable and made from a renewable resource. OECD New Zealand

58. 391390 Natural polymers (for example, alginic acid) and modified natural polymers (for example, hardened proteins, chemical derivatives of natural rubber), not elsewhere specified or included, in primary forms. - Other (not: - Alginic acid, its salts and esters).

EPP

Switzerland

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Ion-exchangers WWM European Communities

Canada 59. 391400

Ion-exchangers based on polymers of Nos 39.01 to 39.13 in primary forms

PWT Ion exchange is widely used in household and industrial water purification to produce soft water and to remove poisonous (e.g. copper) and heavy metal (e.g. lead) ions from solution.

OECD New Zealand

S/H Canada 60. 391510 Polyethylene waste and scrap


S/H Canada 61. 391520 Polystyrene waste and scrap


S/H Canada 62. 391530 Polyvinyl chloride waste and scrap WSU Waste material that can be further utilised or


S/H Canada 63. 391590 Other plastics waste and scrap WSU Waste material that can be further utilised or


64. 391721 Tubes, pipes and hoses, rigid, of polymers of ethylene

Tubes, pipes and hoses, rigid, of polymers of ethylene (specifically Piping for methane gas removal/reuse, leachate collection, etc. from landfills)

S/H United States

65. 391722 Tubes, pipes and hoses, rigid, polymers of propylene

Tubes, pipes and hoses, rigid, of polymers of propylene (specifically Piping for methane gas removal/reuse, leachate collection, etc. from landfills)

S/H United States

66. 391723 Tubes, pipes and hoses, rigid, polymers of vinyl chloride

Tubes, pipes and hoses, rigid, of polymers of vinyl chloride (specifically Piping for methane gas removal/reuse, leachate collection, etc. from landfills

S/H United States

Plastic or paper sheeting for water and heat saving. R/C

Plastic sheets for agriculture and horticulture, laid on the ground to retain the sun's heat, saving water and fertilisers and reducing infiltration into the groundwater.

Cellulose filters. APC

67. 3920

Soundproof panels and screens for outdoor uses N/V


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S/H Plates, sheets, film, foil and strip of plastics, not self-adhesive, non-cellular, not reinforced or laminated etc., of polymers of ethylene

Other plates, sheets, film foil and strip, of plastics, noncellular and not reinforced, laminated, supported or similarly combined with other materials; of polymers of ethylene (specifically HDPE or flexible membrane landfill liners and/or covers for methane collection)

REP

United States

68. 392010

Plastic geomembranes for soil protection, watertightness, anti-erosion of soil. R/C

E g. PVC or polyethylene plastic membrane systems to provide an impermeable base for landfill sites and protect soil under gas stations, oil refineries, etc. from infiltration by pollutants. Reinforcement of soil.


Sheets and foils of polymeres of propylene. European Communities 69. 392020 Other plates, sheets, film, foil, strip of polymers of

propylene (non-cellular) S/H

Korea

70. 392043 Plastic geomembranes for soil protection, watertightness, anti-erosion of soil. R/C

E. g. PVC or polyethylene plastic membrane systems to provide an impermeable base for landfill sites and protect soil under gas stations, oil refineries, etc. from infiltration by pollutants. Reinforcement of soil.



E. g. PVC or polyethylene plastic membrane systems to provide an impermeable base for landfill sites and protect soil under gas stations, oil refineries, etc. from infiltration by pollutants. Reinforcement of soil.


Soundproof panels and screens for outdoor uses N/V Cellulose filters.

APC 72. 3921

Membranes for filters, of plastic, rubber or ceramics. WWM



E.g. PVC or polyethylene plastic membrane systems to provide an impermeable base for landfill sites and protect soil under gas stations, oil refineries, etc. from infiltration by pollutants. Reinforcement of soil.


74. 392113 Polyurethane foam. APC European Communities

Baths, shower-baths, sinks, wash-basins, bidets, seats and covers, flushing cisterns and similar sanitary ware, of plastics: other

CT/P

Waterless urinals and composting toilets minimise water use. Composting toilets also provide self contained sewage treatment on site, with no need for sewers and treatment plants. They also do not pollute ground or surface water or soil (unlike septic tanks or pit latrines) and produce safe, useful compost.

OECD New Zealand

75. 392290

Baths, shower-baths, sinks, wash-basins, bidets, lavatory pans, seats and covers, flushing cisterns and similar sanitary ware, of plastics. - Other.

For waterless urinals, composting toilets

EPP Switzerland

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Carboys, bottles, flasks and similar articles Refillable plastic cartridge used in waterless urinals CT/P Waterless urinals do not need to be flushed with

water, minimising water use. OECD New Zealand

76. 392330 Articles for the conveyance or packing of goods, of plastics; stoppers, lids, caps and other closures, of plastics. - Carboys, bottles, flasks and similar articles.

For waterless urinals, composting toilets EPP Switzerland

Solar collector and solar system controller: Solar pre-heating storage tank. REP 77. 392510 Flexible tanks for the storage of recovered oil or chemicals. R/C


Korea

Other articles of plastics and articles of other materials of headings 3901 to 3914; other

Bio-film medium that consists of woven fabric sheets that facilitate the growth of bio-organisms; rotating biological contactor consisting of stacks of large (HDPE) plates that facilitate the growth of bio-organisms

Biological recovery systems. Commonly used in bioremediation of wastewater, to facilitate the growth of the micro-organisms that break down the contaminants.

OECDAPEC New Zealand

Other articles of plastics and articles of other materials of headings 3901 to 3914; other (specifically Biofilm medium that consists of woven fabric sheets that facilitate the growth of bio-organisms; 2) rotating biological contactor consisting of stacks of large HDPE plates that faciliate the growth of bio-organisms)

OECDAPEC

Articles of plastics, not elsewhere specified or included

Other articles of plastics and articles of other materials of headings 3901 to 3914; other (specifically Rotating biological contactor consisting of stacks of large HDPE plates that faciliate the growth of bio-organisms)

OECDAPEC

United States

Bio-film medium Rotating biological contactor (HDPE)

WWM

Chinese Taipei

78. 392690

Pollution protection booms, oil containment booms, oil absorbent booms. R/C European

Communities

79. 400300 Reclaimed rubber in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip WSU Waste material that can be further utilised or


80. 400400 Waste, parings and scrap of rubber (other than hard rubber) and powders and granules obtained therefrom WSU Waste material that can be further utilised or


81. 4001 Natural rubber, balata, gutta-percha, guayule, chicle and similar natural gums, in primary forms or in plates, sheets or strip.

EPP Switzerland

82. 401150 New pneumatic tyres, of rubber. - Of a kind used on bicycles. EPP Switzerland

83. 401320 Inner tubes, of rubber. - Of a kind used on bicycles. EPP Switzerland APC Membranes for filters, of plastic, rubber or ceramics. 84. 401699

Aeration systems and aerators. WWM


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86. 440130 Sawdust and wood waste and scrap, whether or not agglomerated in logs, briquettes, pellets or similar forms WSU Waste material that can be further utilised or


87. 4421 Composting systems of organic matter: - Containers and silos of, wood or metals. S/H European

Communities

88. 4504 Panels, boards, tiles, blocks and similar articles of agglomerated cork N/V European

Communities

89. 4504 Agglomerated cork (with or without a binding substance) and articles of agglomerated cork. EPP Switzerland

Mats, matting, and screens of vegetable materials (specifically Ecologically Safe ground covers (Biodegradable))

RM

Mats, matting, and screens of vegetable materials (specifically Erosion control matting (biodegradable))

WWM

United States

Erosion control matting (biodegradable), ecologically safe ground covers (biodegradable)

Erosion control matting can reduce erosion and assist the establishment of vegetation. When made of organic materials such as jute, wood, coir (coconut husk), straw, the matting is biodegradable. Ground covers can be used for environmentally friendly weed control.

APEC

New Zealand

Mats, matting, and screens of vegetable materials

Erosion control matting (biodegradable)

SC

Canada

Erosion control matting, biodegradable R/C European Communities

90. 460120

Plaits and similar products of plaiting materials, whether or not assembled into strips; plaiting materials, plaits and similar products of plaiting materials, bound together in parallel strands or woven, in sheet form, whether or not being finished articles (for example, mats, matting, screens). - Mats, matting and screens of vegetable materials.

For soil protection purposes EPP Switzerland

91. 470610 Pulps of fibres derived from recovered fibrous cellulosic material, not chemically treated. HEP Contributes to the recovery of waste products.

Includes pulps of jute, flax, true hemp, sisal, etc. European Communities

92. 470691 Pulps of fibres derived from recovered fibrous cellulosic material, not chemically treated. HEP Contributes to the recovery of waste products.

Includes pulps of jute, flax, true hemp, sisal, etc. European Communities

S/H Canada 93. 470710 Recovered (waste and scrap) paper or paperboard


94. 48 Paper and paperboard; articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard Recycled Paper CT/P Japan

95. 480540 Filter paper and paperboard; Filter blocks, slabs and plates, of paper pulp. APC European

Communities

96. 4812 Filter paper and paperboard; Filter blocks, slabs and plates, of paper pulp. APC European

Communities

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97. 481930 Waste containers, whether or not combined with a compactor. S/H

Containers of any material, of any form, for liquid or solid waste, including for municipal or dangerous waste.





99. 482370 Oil absorbent materials and kits of recycled paper and wood fibres, including in compressed format. R/C European

Communities

100. 500500 Yarn spun from silk waste, not put up for retail sale WSU Waste material that can be further utilised or recycled. OECD New Zealand

101. 500600 Silk yarn and yarn spun from silk waste, put up for retail sale; silk-worm gut WSU Waste material that can be further utilised or


102.

Chapter 53, excluding paper yarn and woven fabrics of paper yarn (ex 530890 and 531100)

Vegetable textile fibres: vegetable textile fibres and articles thereof (yarn and woven fabrics) of Chapter 53 HEP

Includes vegetable fibres such as flax, hemp, jute, sisal, coconut, abaca and ramie. These fibres are a renewable resource; they require low input of energy, fertilisers and crop protection chemicals; their total carbon dioxide balance is neutral to positive and they are fully biodegradable.


103. 5301 Flax, raw or processed but not spun; flax tow and waste (including yarn waste and garnetted stock) EPP Switzerland

104. 5303 Jute and other textile bast fibres (excluding flax, true hemp and ramie), raw or processed but not spun; tow and waste of these fibres (including yarn waste and garnetted stock).

EPP Switzerland

105. 5304 Sisal and other textile fibres of the genus Agave, raw or processed but not spun; tow and waste of these fibres (including yarn waste and garnetted stock).

EPP Switzerland

106. 530410 Sisal other textile fibres of the genus agave raw EPP United States

107. 530490 Sisal other textile fibres of the genus agave, tow waste not spun, other EPP United States

108. 5306 Flax yarn. EPP Switzerland 109. 5307 Yarn of jute or of other textile bast fibres of heading 53.03. EPP Switzerland

110. 530890 Yarn of vegetable textile fibers; not elsewhere specified or included EPP United States

111. 5309 Woven fabrics of flax. EPP Switzerland

112. 5310 Woven fabrics of jute or of other textile bast fibres of heading 53.03. EPP Switzerland

113. 560229 Felt, whether or not impregnated, coated, covered or laminated, cut to size; Mattresses made of synthetic materials, for soundproofing.

N/V European Communities

114. 560290 Felt, whether or not impregnated, coated, covered or laminated, cut to size; Mattresses made of synthetic materials, for soundproofing.


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Felt, whether or not impregnated, coated, covered or laminated, cut to size; Mattresses made of synthetic materials, for soundproofing.

N/V

Textile filters (sacks and other filtering products). APC 115. 5603

Absorbant articles made of non-wovens, in the forms of sheets, rolls, pads, pillows, sweeps. R/C


Landfill drainage mats, made of non-wovens, whether or not impregnated, coated, covered or laminated, of man-made filaments, of a weight exceeding 150 g/m².

S/H For leachate or gas landfill drainage.

Fabric of polyethylene/polypropylene/ nylon for filtering waste water.


Non-wovens, whether or not impregnated, coated, covered or laminated: of manmade filaments; weighing more than 150 g/m2

Fabric of polyethylene, polypropylene, or nylon for filtering wastewater Korea

Non-wovens of manmade filaments; weighing > 150 g/m2

Non-wovens, whether or not impregnated, coated, covered or laminated: of manmade filaments; weighing more than 150 g/m2 (specifically Fabric of polyethylene/polypropylene/nylon for filtering wastewater.)

APEC United States

Filter cloth (PE, PP, Nylon)

WWM

Filter bag (sleeve) APC Chinese Taipei

116. 560314

Pollution protection booms, oil containment booms, oil absorbent booms. R/C European

Communities Twine, cordage, ropes and cables of jute or other textile bast fibres More biodegradable than synthetic fibre alternatives

and made from a renewable resource. OECD New Zealand

Twine, cord, rope and cable of jute or other textile bast UNCTAD United States

117. 560710 Twine, cordage, ropes and cables, whether or not plaited or braided and whether or not impregnated, coated, covered or sheathed with rubber or plastics. - Of jute or other textile bast fibres of heading 53.03.

EPP

Switzerland

Twine, cordage, ropes and cables of sisal or other textile fibres of the genus Agave More biodegradable than synthetic fibre alternatives

and made from a renewable resource. OECD New Zealand 118. 560721 Twine cord rope cable of sisal binder or baler twine

EPP United States

Twine, cord, rope and cable, of sisal fibres, not elsewhere specified or included United States

119. 560729 Twine, cordage, ropes and cables, whether or not plaited or braided and whether or not impregnated, coated, covered or sheathed with rubber or plastics. - Of sisal or other textile fibres of the genus Agave : -- Other (not: - Binder or baler twine).

EPP

Switzerland

120. 5608 Knotted netting of twine, cordage or rope; made up fishing nets and other made up nets, of textile materials. EPP Switzerland

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121. 560811 Made-up fishing nets, manmade textile materials

Made-up fishing nets, manmade textile materials (specifically made up fishing nets that incorporate turtle excluder devices)

RM United States

122. 560890 Knot net of twine made-up fish net textile materials not elsewhere specified or included

Fish netting and fishing nets of other than man-made textile. Made up fishing nets that incorporate turtle excluder devices.

RM United States

Korea 123. 580190 Woven pile and chenille fabrics of other textile materials

WWM

Used as filters in sewage treatment. OECD New Zealand

Textile filters (sacks and other filtering products). APC European Communities

Textile products and articles, for technical uses, specified in note 7 to this chapter; other Environmental protection cloth Korea 124. 591190

Textile products etc for technical uses not elsewhere specified or included

Textile products and articles, for technical uses, specified in note 7 to this chapter; other (specifically materials)

WWM APEC United States

125. 6210 Personal protective clothing and accessories (clothing, gloves, boots, helmets) R/C European

Communities Sacks and bags, of a kind used for the packing of goods of jute or of other textile bast fibres More biodegradable than synthetic fibre alternatives

and made from a renewable resource. OECD New Zealand

Sack and bag for packing good jute/bast fibre of heading 5303 UNCT

AD United States 126. 630510

Sacks and bags, of a kind used for the packing of goods. - Of jute or of other textile bast fibres of heading 53.03.

EPP

Switzerland

127. 630710 Absorbant articles made of non-wovens, in the forms of sheets, rolls, pads, pillows, sweeps. R/C European

Communities

128. 630790 Absorbant articles made of non-wovens, in the forms of sheets, rolls, pads, pillows, sweeps. R/C European

Communities

129. 630900 Worn clothing and other worn articles RS Japan

130. 6310 Used or new rags, scrap twine, cordage, rope and cables and worn out articles of twine, cordage, rope or cables, of textile materials

RS Japan

131. 650610 Other headgear, whether or not lined or trimmed. - Safety headgear. Bicycle helmets. CT/P Switzerland

132. 6806

Slag wool, rock wool and similar mineral wools; exfoliated vermiculite, expanded clays, foamed slag and similar expanded mineral materials; mixtures and articles of heat-insulating, sound-insulating or sound-absorbing mineral materials, other than those of heading 6811 or 6812 or of Chapter 69.


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Panels, boards, tiles, blocks and similar articles of vegetable fibre, of straw or of shavings, chips, particles, sawdust and other waste of wood, agglomerated with cement, plaster or other mineral binders, used for soundproofing and thermal insulation.

N/V Includes insulation articles made of wood waste, coir, true hemp, reed, etc. European

Communities

133. 6808 Panels, boards, tiles, blocks and similar articles of vegetable fibre, of straw or of shavings, chips, particles, sawdust or other waste, of wood, agglomerated with cement, plaster or other mineral binders


Cisterns, vats and reservoirs for drinking water, for households or industry, including for rainwater, made of plastic, concrete or metal.

Pipes for drinking water, wastewater and sea manhole, and accessories thereof.

Gutters of concrete or polymers, and related articles (manhole cover, of cast iron or steel, filters, etc).

134. 681091

Septic tanks and other vats and reservoirs for wastewater treatment

WWM


Articles of cement, of concrete or of artificial stone not elsewhere specified Canada

Japan 135. 681099 Articles of cement, of concrete or of artificial stone,

whether or not reinforced; Other

S/H

Korea

M/A

136. 690210 Refractory bricks etc not elsewhere specified or included, over 50% MgO, CaO or Cr203

Refractory bricks, blocks, tiles and similar refractory ceramic constructional goods, other than those of siliceous fossil meals or similar siliceous earths; containing by weight, singly or together, more than 50% of the elements Mg, Ca or Cr, expressed as MgO, CaO or Cr2O3 (specifically Industrial incineration)

S/H

APEC United States

M/A

137. 690220 Refractory bricks etc not elsewhere specified or included, over 50% Al2O3 or SiO2

Refractory bricks, blocks, tiles and similar refractory ceramic constructional goods, other than those of siliceous fossil meals or similar siliceous earths; containing by weight more than 50% of alumina (Al2O3), of silica (SiO2) or of a mixture or compound of these products (specifically Industrial incineration)

S/H

APEC United States

M/A 138. 690290 Refractory bricks etc not elsewhere specified or included

Refractory bricks, blocks, tiles and similar refractory ceramic constructional goods, other than those of siliceous fossil meals or similar siliceous earths; other (specifically Industrial incineration)

S/H APEC United States

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Other refractory ceramic goods (e.g. retorts, crucibles, muffles, nozzles, plugs, supports, cupels, tubes, pipes, sheaths, rods) – containing more than 50 % graphite, other forms of carbon or a mixture of these products

Canada

Korea Other refractory ceramic goods (for example, retorts, crucibles, muffles, nozzles, plugs, supports, cupels, tubes, pipes, sheaths and rods), other than those of siliceous fossil meal or of similar siliceous earths; containing by weight more than 50% of graphite or other carbon or of a mixture of these products

Laboratory refractory equipment

Equipment used in the measurement, recording, analysis and assessment of environmental samples (e.g. for contaminants) or environmental impact.

APEC New Zealand

139. 690310

Other refractory ceramic goods with graphite/carbon over 50%

Other refractory ceramic goods (for example, retorts, crucibles, muffles, nozzles, plugs, supports, cupels, tubes, pipes, sheaths and rods), other than those of siliceous fossil meal or of similar siliceous earths; containing by weight more than 50% of graphite or other carbon or of a mixture of these products (specifically Laboratory refractory equipment)

M/A

APEC United States

Other refractory ceramic goods (e.g. retorts, crucibles, muffles, nozzles, plugs, supports, cupels, tubes, pipes, sheaths, rods) – containing by weight more than 50 % of alumina or of a mixture or compound of alumina and of silica

Canada

Korea Other refractory ceramic goods (for example, retorts, crucibles, muffles, nozzles, plugs, supports, cupels, tubes, pipes, sheaths and rods), other than those of siliceous fossil meal or of similar siliceous earths; containing by weight more than 50% of alumina (Al2O3) or of a mixture or compound of alumina and silica (SiO2)

Laboratory refractory equipment

Equipment used in the measurement, recording, analysis and assessment of environmental samples or environmental impact.

APEC New Zealand

140. 690320

Other refractory ceramic goods not elsewhere specified alumina/silica over 50%

Other refractory ceramic goods (for example, retorts, crucibles, muffles, nozzles, plugs, supports, cupels, tubes, pipes, sheaths and rods), other than those of siliceous fossil meal or of similar siliceous earths; containing aby weight more than 50% of alumina (Al2O3) or of a mixture or compound of alumina and silica (SiO2) (specifically Laboratory refractory equipment)

M/A

APEC United States

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Other refractory ceramic goods (e.g. retorts, crucibles, muffles, nozzles, plugs, supports, cupels, tubes, pipes, sheaths, rods) – other

Canada

Korea Other refractory ceramic goods (for example, retorts, crucibles, muffles, nozzles, plugs, supports, cupels, tubes, pipes, sheaths and rods), other than those of siliceous fossil meal or of similar siliceous earths; other

Laboratory refractory equipment Equipment used in the measurement, recording, analysis and assessment of environmental samples or environmental impact.

New Zealand

141. 690390

Refractory ceramic goods (retort, plug etc) not elsewhere specified or included

Other refractory ceramic goods (for example, retorts, crucibles, muffles, nozzles, plugs, supports, cupels, tubes, pipes, sheaths and rods), other than those of siliceous fossil meal or of similar siliceous earths; other (specifically Laboratory refractory equipment)

M/A

APEC

United States

142. 6906 Pipes for drinking water, wastewater and sea manhole, and accessories thereof. WWM European

Communities Membranes for filters, of plastic, rubber or ceramics. WWM 143. 6909 APC


Other ceramic wares for chemical or other technical uses Laboratory refractory equipment Canada Ceramic wares for laboratory, chemical or other technical uses; ceramic troughs, tubs and similar receptacles of a kind used in agriculture; ceramic pots, jars and similar articles of a kind used for the conveyance or packing of goods; other

Japan

Ceramic wares for laboratory, chemical or other technical uses; other

Laboratory equipment


New Zealand

144. 690919

Ceramic wares for laboratory etc use, not elsewhere specified or included

Ceramic wares for laboratory, chemical or other technical uses; other (specifically Laboratory Equipment)

M/A

APEC

United States

145. 6910 Water closet pans and flushing cisterns, urinals. WWM Includes dry closets. European Communities

146. 691010 Ceramic sinks, wash basins, wash basin pedestals, baths, bidets, water closet pans, flushing cisterns, urinals and similar sanitary fixtures: other

For waterless urinal, composting toilet CT/P

Waterless urinals and composting toilets minimise water use. Composting toilets also provide self contained sewage treatment on site, with no need for sewers and treatment plants. The also do not pollute ground or surface water or soil (unlike septic tanks or pit latrines) and produce safe, useful compost.

OECD New Zealand

147. 691410 Other ceramic articles. - Of porcelain or china. Linings for wood burning stoves of porcelain or china, stoves of porcelain and china.

EPP Switzerland

148. 691490 Other ceramic articles. - Other.

Linings for wood burning stoves of ceramics other than porcelain or china, ceramic stoves other than of porcelain and china.

EPP Switzerland

149. 700100 Cullet and other waste and scrap of glass; glass in the mass WSU Waste material that can be further utilised or recycled. OECD New Zealand

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N/V For soundproofing and thermal insulation of buildings. European

Communities M/A Canada Japan

150. 700800 Multiple walled insulating units of glass

H/EM Insulation such as double glazing reduces energy use

for heating or cooling. OECD New Zealand

Canada Korea Laboratory, hygienic or pharmaceutical glassware, whether

or not graduated or calibrated; of fused quartz or other fused silica


New Zealand

M/A

APEC

United States

151. 701710

Laboratory, hygienic or pharmaceutical glassware; of fused quartz or other fused silica S/H Japan

Canada Korea Laboratory, hygienic or pharmaceutical glassware, whether

or not graduated or calibrated; of other glass having a linear coefficient of expansion not exceeding 5 X 10-6 per Kelvin within a temperature range of 0 C - 300 C


New Zealand

Laboratory, hygienic or pharmaceutical glassware; a linear coefficient NOV 5X10-6 not elsewhere specified

M/A

APEC

United States 152. 701720

Laboratory, hygienic or pharmaceutical glassware; of other glass having a linear coefficient of expansion not exceeding 5 x 10 -6 per Kelvin within a temperature range of 0C to 300C

S/H Japan

Canada Laboratory, hygienic or pharmaceutical glassware, whether or not graduated or calibrated; other APEC New Zealand Laboratory, hygienic or pharmaceutical glassware, not elsewhere specified or included

M/A APEC United States 153. 701790

Laboratory, hygienic or pharmaceutical glassware; other S/H Japan

Non-woven product of non-textile glass fiber. APC Boards or rolls of glass fiber for the manufacture of air filters.

154. 701932 Thin sheets, webs, mattresses, boards and similar non-woven products of glass fibres, including glass wool. N/V For soundproofing and thermal insulation of

buildings.


Non-woven product of non-textile glass fiber. APC Boards or rolls of glass fiber for the manufacture of air filters.

155. 701939 Thin sheets, webs, mattresses, boards and similar non-woven products of glass fibres, including glass wool. N/V For soundproofing and thermal insulation of

buildings.


Glass fibres other than slivers, rovings, yarn, chopped strands, webs, mats, thin sheets, mattresses, boards and similar nonwoven products

Separators, precipitators Japan

Glass fibres (including glass wool) and articles thereof (for example, yarn, woven fabrics): other

APC Fibreglass products used in industrial air pollution control equipment (separators, precipitators, tanks, pipe systems, scrubbers).


Personal protective clothing and accessories (clothing, gloves, boots, helmets) R/C European

Communities

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157. 70199030 Pads and casings for insulating tubes and pipes. N/V European Communities

158. 720110 Pig iron, non-alloy, containing by weight </=0.5% phosphorus in primary form S/H Canada

S/H Canada 159. 720421 Stainless steel waste and scrap


S/H Canada 160. 720429 Waste and scrap, of alloy steel, other than stainless WSU Waste material that can be further utilised or


S/H Canada 161. 720430 Waste and scrap, of tinned iron or steel WSU Waste material that can be further utilised or


S/H Canada 162. 720441 Ferrous waste and scrap, iron or steel, from the mechanical

working of metal, not elsewhere specified WSU Waste material that can be further utilised or recycled. OECD New Zealand

S/H Canada 163. 720450 Remelting scrap ingots, of iron or steel WSU Waste material that can be further utilised or


164. 7302

Railway or tramway track construction material of iron or steel, the following: rails, check-rails and rack rails, switch blades, crossing frogs, point rods and other crossing pieces, sleepers (cross-ties), fish-plates, chairs, chair wedges, sole plates (base plates), rail clips, bedplates, ties and other material specialized for jointing or fixing rails.

CT/P Switzerland

165. 7303 Pipes for drinking water, wastewater and sea manhole, and accessories thereof. WWM European

Communities

166. 730410

Bio-electricity and bio-heat from waste: See product examples under category S/H – "Waste treatment and disposal, including recycling" for combustion/incineration and landfill gas production from waste. (See TN/TE/W/56, pp. 5-6)

REP

Biomass exploitation needs careful resource management if it is to be sustainable. Since practice can vary, examples chosen for this list focus on waste recovery (agricultural and forestry residues, biodegradable fraction of municipal solid waste).


167. 730431 to 730490

Pipes for water distribution and wastewater draining, and accessories thereof. WWM Includes pipes for sanitation, aspiration, feeding,

canalisation, draining, etc. European Communities

168. 730510


REP



169. 730610


REP



170. 730630 to 730690

Pipes for water distribution and wastewater draining, and accessories thereof. WWM Includes pipes for sanitation, aspiration, feeding,

canalisation, draining, etc. European Communities

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Pipes for water distribution and wastewater draining, and accessories thereof. Includes pipes for sanitation, aspiration, feeding,

canalisation, draining, etc.

Pipes for drinking water, wastewater and sea manhole, and accessories thereof.

WWM

European Communities 171. 7307

Tube or pipe fittings (for example, couplings, elbows, sleeves), of iron or steel. For railway. CT/P Switzerland

172. 7308

Structures (excluding prefabricated buildings of heading 94.06) and parts of structures (for example, bridges and bridge-sections, lock-gates, towers, lattice masts, roofs, roofing frame-works, doors and windows and their frames and thresholds for doors, shutters, balustrades, pillars and columns), of iron or steel; plates, rods, angles, shapes, sections, tubes and the like, prepared for use in structures, of iron or steel.

For railway. CT/P Switzerland

Towers and lattice masts of iron or steel United States 173. 730820 Wind turbine: Wind turbine tower. REP European

Communities

Tanks etc, over 300 litres capacity, iron or steel

Reservoirs, tanks, vats and similar containers for any material(other than compressed or liquefied gas), of iron or steel, of a capacity exceeding 300 liters, whether or not lined or heat insulated, but not fitted with mechanical or thermal equipment (specifically Tanks or vats for anaerobic digesters for biomass gasification)

OECD United States

Solar collector and solar system controller: Solar pre-heating storage tank.

REP

Waste containers, whether or not combined with a compactor. S/H



Septic tanks and other vats and reservoirs for wastewater treatment


Reservoirs, tanks, vats and similar containers, capacity >300L, iron or steel (ex liq/compr gas type) Canada

174. 730900

Reservoirs, tanks, vats and similar containers, of iron or steel, > 300 litres

WWM

Korea

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Tanks, casks, drums, cans, boxes and similar containers, of iron or steel, for any material, of a capacity of >= 50 l but =< 300 l, not elsewhere specified (excl. containers for compressed or liquefied gas, or containers fitted with mechanical or thermal equipment, products)

Canada

Tanks, casks, drums, cans, boxes, of iron or steel, capacity >50 litres <300 litres Korea

Tanks, casks, drums, cans, boxes and similar containers, of iron or steel, for any material (other than compressed or liquefied gas), of a capacity of >= 50 l but =< 300 l, whether or not lined or heat insulated, but not fitted with mechanical or thermal equipment

WWM

For handling and storage of wastewater/sewage during treatment OECD New Zealand

Composting systems of organic matter: - Containers and silos of, wood or metals.

175. 731010

Waste containers, whether or not combined with a compactor.

S/H Containers of any material, of any form, for liquid or solid waste, including for municipal or dangerous waste.


Cans of iron or steel, of a capacity of < 50 l, which are to be closed by soldering or crimping (excl. containers for compressed or liquefied gas)

Canada 176. 731021

Cans which are to be closed by soldering or crimping, capacity less 50L

WWM

Korea

Tanks, casks, drums, cans, boxes and similar containers, of iron or steel, for any material, of a capacity of < 50 l, not elsewhere specified (excl. containers for compressed or liquefied gas, or containers fitted with mechanical or thermal equipment, and cans)

Canada

Other cans which are to be closed by soldering or crimping, capacity less 50L

WWM

Korea 177. 731029

Waste containers, whether or not combined with a compactor. S/H



178. 7312 Stranded wire, ropes, cables, plaited bands, slings and the like, of iron or steel, not electrically insulated. For railway. CT/P Switzerland

179. 731412 Filters made of steel cloth. APC European Communities

180. 731511 Chain and parts thereof, of iron or steel. - Articulated link chain and parts thereof: - Roller chain. Bicycle chain. CT/P Switzerland

181. 7317

Nails, tacks, drawing pins, corrugated nails, staples (other than those of heading 83.05) and similar articles, of iron or steel, whether or not with heads of other material, but excluding such articles with heads of copper.

Railway use. CT/P Switzerland

182. 7318 Screws, bolts, nuts, coach screws, screw hooks, rivets, cotters, cotter-pins, washers (including spring washers) and similar articles, of iron or steel.

Railway use. CT/P Switzerland

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183. 732111

Stoves, ranges, grates, cookers (including those with subsidiary boilers for central heating), barbecues, braziers, gas-rings, plate warmers and similar non-electric domestic appliances, and parts thereof, of iron or steel. - Cooking appliances and plate warmers: - For gas fuel or for both gas and other fuels.

Solar stoves. EPP Switzerland

184. 732190

Stoves, ranges, grates, cookers (including those with subsidiary boilers for central heating), barbecues, braziers, gas-rings, plate warmers and similar non-electric domestic appliances, and parts thereof, of iron or steel. - Parts.

As applicable to solar stoves. EPP Switzerland

Water closet pans and flushing cisterns, urinals. Includes dry closets. 185. 732490

Water saving shower. WWM


Cast articles of non-malleable cast iron not elsewhere specified S/H Canada

Other cast articles of iron or steel; of non-malleable cast iron Japan

Other cast articles of non-malleable cast iron Korea 186. 732510

Gutters of concrete or polymers, and related articles (manhole cover, of cast iron or steel, filters, etc).

WWM


187. 732599 Gutters of concrete or polymers, and related articles (manhole cover, of cast iron or steel, filters, etc). WWM European

Communities

188. 732690 Gutters of concrete or polymers, and related articles (manhole cover, of cast iron or steel, filters, etc). WWM European

Communities S/H Canada

189. 740400 Copper waste and scrap WSU Waste material that can be further utilised or


190. 750300 Nickel waste and scrap WSU Waste material that can be further utilised or recycled. OECD New Zealand

S/H Canada 191. 760200 Aluminium waste and scrap


Tanks etc, over 300 litres capacity, aluminium

Aluminium reservoirs, tanks, vats and similar containers for any material (other than compressed or liquefied gas), of iron or steel, of a capacity exceeding 300 liters, whether or not lined or heat insulated, but not fitted with mechanical or thermal equipment (specifically tanks or vats for anaerobic digesters for biomass gasification)

United States

Solar collector and solar system controller: Solar pre-heating storage tank.

REP

192. 761100


WWM


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194. 780600 Other articles of lead S/H Japan

195. 790200 Zinc waste and scrap WSU Waste material that can be further utilised or recycled. OECD New Zealand

196. 830110

Padlocks and locks (key, combination or electrically operated), of base metal; clasps and frames with clasps, incorporating locks, of base metal; keys for any of the foregoing articles, of base metal. - Padlocks.

For bicycle use EPP Multiple use. Switzerland

197. 830160

Padlocks and locks (key, combination or electrically operated), of base metal; clasps and frames with clasps, incorporating locks, of base metal; keys for any of the foregoing articles, of base metal. - Parts.


198. 830170

Padlocks and locks (key, combination or electrically operated), of base metal; clasps and frames with clasps, incorporating locks, of base metal; keys for any of the foregoing articles, of base metal. - Keys presented separately.


199. 830610

Bells, gongs and the like, non-electric, of base metal; statuettes and other ornaments, of base metal; photograph, picture or similar frames, of base metal; mirrors of base metal. - Bells, gongs and the like.

Bicycle bells. CT/P Switzerland

200. 8402 Distilling or rectifying plant, including biogas refinement equipment. - Biomass boilers and parts thereof; Auxiliary plant and condensers for use with these boilers.

S/H European Communities

201. 840211 Watertube boilers steam production exceeding 45 tons of steam per hour REP United States

202. 840212 Watertube boilers steam production not exceeding 45 tons of steam per hour REP United States

203. 840219 Vapor generating boilers, not elsewhere specified or included hybrid REP United States

204. 840220 Super-heated water boilers REP United States

205. 840290 Super-heated water boilers and parts of steam generating boilers REP United States





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Auxiliary plant for use with boilers of heading 84.02 or 84.03 (for example, economizers, super-heaters, soot removers, gas recoverers); condensers for steam or other vapour power units

Canada

Auxiliary plant for use with boilers of heading No. 84.02 or 84.03 Japan

Economizer Super heater Soot recoverer Gas recoverer

Korea Auxiliary plant for use with boilers of heading No. 8402 or 8403 (for example, economizers, super-heaters, soot removers, gas recoverers)


Auxiliary plant for use with boilers of heading No. 8402 or 8403 (for example, economizers, super-heaters, soot removers, gas recoverers); condensers for steam or other vapour power units: auxiliary plant for use with boilers of heading No. 84.02 or 84.03

Components of industrial air pollution control plant which minimise the release of pollutants into the atmosphere.

New Zealand

APC

APEC

208. 840410

Auxiliary plant for steam, water and central boiler REP United States

Canada Japan

Used to cool gas streams to temperatures which allow the removal of contaminants, e.g. volatile organic compounds (VOC) like benzene.

New Zealand

APC

209. 840420 Condensers for steam or other vapour power units

REP

APEC

United States

210. 840490 Parts for auxiliary plant for boilers, condensers for steam, vapour power unit. REP United States

Canada

Japan

Korea Producer gas or water gas generators, with or without their purifiers; acetylene gas generators and similar water process gas generators, with or without their purifiers

Include only those with purifiers

Purifiers remove contaminants (such as cyanide or sulphur compounds) produced in the manufacture of gases.

New Zealand 211. 840510

Producer gas, water gas, acetylene gas, water process gas generators

Producer gas or water gas generators, with or without their purifier; acetylene gas generators and similar water process gas generator, with or without their purifiers (specifically include only those with purifiers)

APC

APEC

United States

212. 840681 Turbines, steam and other vapour, over 40 MW, not elsewhere specified or included Stationary steam turbines over 40 MW REP United States

Stationary steam turbines not over 40 MW 213. 840682 Turbines, steam and vapour, not over 40 MW, not

elsewhere specified or included Other vapour turbines REP

United States

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214. 840690 Parts for steam and other vapour turbines

Parts suitable for us with stationary steam turbines over 40MW, stationary steam turbines not over 40 MW, other vapour turbines.

REP United States

215. 840790 Gas engine for the use of special gases (landfill gas, biogas, gas resulting from industrial processes). S/H European

Communities Parts suitable for use solely or principally with the engines of heading No. 84.07 or 84.08 Japan

Parts suitable for use solely or principally with the engines of heading No. 8407 or 8408; suitable for use solely or principally with spark-ignition internal combustion piston engines

Industrial mufflers Korea

Spark-ignition internal combustion piston engines piston not elsewhere specified or included

Parts suitable for use solely or principally with the engines of heading No. 8407 or 8408; suitable for use solely or principally with spark-ignition internal combustion piston engines. (specifically Industrial Mufflers)

OECDAPEC United States

Industrial mufflers Industrial mufflers are used for reducing engine noise; the environmental benefit is readily apparent. Chinese Taipei

216. 840991

Silencers for engines.

N/V


Silencers for engines. European Communities

Parts suitable for use solely or principally with spark-ignition internal combustion piston engines Industrial mufflers Japan

Parts suitable for use solely or principally with the engines of heading No. 8407 or 8408; other Vehicle mufflers

N/V

Korea 217. 840999

Spark-ignition reciprocating internal combustion piston engines, parts

Parts suitable for use solely or principally with the engines of heading No. 8407 or 8408; other (specifically Industrial Mufflers)

APC OECDAPEC United States

RM Japan WWM Korea

Used in hydroelectric power generation, which produces no greenhouse gas emissions. APEC New Zealand

Hydraulic turbines and water wheels of a power not exceeding 1,000 kW


Small hydro powered generating plant: hydraulic turbines and water wheels of a power not exceeding 1000 kW and parts thereof

Due to their negative environmental impact, large hydro-power plants are excluded from this category. The economic potential of small hydro power plants (<10MW), if correctly planned, is far more important.


218. 841011

Hydraulic turbines elsewhere specified and water wheels of a power not exceeding 1,000 kW

REP

Canada

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Hydraulic turbines elsewhere specified and water wheels of a power exceeding 1,000 kW but not exceeding 10,000 kW Canada


REP


RM Japan

219. 841012 Hydraulic turbines and water wheels of a power exceeding 1,000 kW but not exceeding 10,000 kW

WWM Korea Hydraulic turbines elsewhere specified and water wheels of a power exceeding 10,000 kW

Hydraulic turbines elsewhere specified – Francis type / Other Canada


REP


RM Japan

220. 841013 Hydraulic turbines and water wheels of a power exceeding 10,000 kW

WWM Korea

Small hydro powered generating plant: hydraulic turbines and water wheels of a power not exceeding 1000 kW and parts thereof



Hydraulic turbines elsewhere specified and water wheels; parts, including regulators Canada


REP


RM Japan

221. 841090

Hydraulic turbines and water wheels; parts, including regulators

WWM Korea

222. 841181 Gas turbines of a power not exceeding 5,000 kW Other gas turbines, not exceeding 5,000 kW REP United States

223. 84118100 Natural gas driven turbines of a power not exceeding 5000 KW** CT/P Environmental product used in technology Qatar

224. 841182 Gas turbines of a power exceeding 5,000 kW Other gas turbines exceeding 5,000 kW REP United States

225. 84118200 Natural gas driven turbines of a power exceeding 5000 KW** CT/P Environmental product used in technology Qatar

226. 84119900 Natural gas driven turbines associated parts** CT/P Environmental product used in technology Qatar

** The Qatari submission provided the following information: Range of Increased Relative Conversion Efficiency (IRCE) compared to other fossil fuels of higher carbon content: 23%-37%. Range of Estimated Lower Relative GHG Emissions (LRGE) compared to other fossil fuels higher carbon content: CO2/kwh: 35%-55%; CH4/kwh: 25%-75%; N2O/kwh: 90%-95%. Range of Estimated Lower Relative Toxic Pollutant Emissions (LRTPE) compared to other fossil fuels of higher in carbon content: SO2/kwh: 100%; PM/kwh: 100%; NOx/kwh: 50%-70%; NMVOC/kwh: 20%-30%. Reference: FCCC/SBSTA/2002/MISC.3 P 16-35 (UNFCCC document).

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Centrifugal pumps for water, whether dry well or submersible, and parts thereof. WWM

227. 8413 Wind powered pumping system: Water pump for use with wind turbine. REP

For water, wastewater and sludge


228. 841319 Pumps fitted or designed with a measuring device: other For water treatment WWM For handling and transport of wastewater or slurries during treatment OECD New Zealand

Hand pumps not elsewhere specified, other than those of subheading No 8413.11 or 8413.19 Canada

Japan Korea 229. 841320 Hand pumps, other than those of subheading No. 8413.11

or 8413.19

WWM

For handling and transport of wastewater or slurries during treatment OECD New Zealand

Canada Reciprocating positive displacement pumps not elsewhere specified OECD United States

Japan


230. 841350 Other reciprocating positive displacement pumps

Pumps for sewage and wastewater treatment

WWM

Korea

Other rotary positive displacement pumps Submersible mixer pump to circulate water in wastewater treatment process; sewage pumps, screw type

Japan

Rotary positive displacement pumps, not elsewhere specified or included

Pumps for liquids, whether or not fitted with a measuring device; other rotary positive displacement pumps (specifically Submersible mixer pump to circulate water in wastewater treatment process; sewage pumps, screw type)

United States

Submersible mixer pump to circulate water in wastewater treatment process; sewage pumps, screw type

For handling and transport of wastewater or slurries during treatment

OECDAPEC

New Zealand

Pumps for sewage and wastewater treatment Korea

Pumps for liquids, whether or not fitted with a measuring device; other rotary positive displacement pumps

Hydraulic fluid power pumps, vane type Roller Pumps Canada

231. 841360

Submersible mixer

WWM

Chinese Taipei

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Other centrifugal pumps Japan Canada Centrifugal pumps lined to prevent

corrosion; centrifugal sewage pumps For handling and transport of wastewater or slurries during treatment

OECDAPEC New Zealand Pumps for liquids, whether or not fitted with a measuring

device; other centrifugal pumps Pumps for sewage and wastewater treatment Korea

Centrifugal pumps, not elsewhere specified or included

Pumps for liquids, whether or not fitted with a measuring device; other centrifugal pumps (specifically Centrifugal pumps lined to prevent corrosion; centrifugal sewage pumps)


232. 841370

Centrifugal pump (RFPP, PVDF, Ti, Viton, Seal)

WWM

Chinese Taipei

Wind turbine pump Canada

PWT Water handling equipment. Pumps are integral

components of water treatment plants. APEC New Zealand

Pumps for windmills Japan Heat pumps RM Japan

Pumps for liquids, whether or not fitted with a measuring device; other pumps

Pumps for sewage and wastewater treatment Korea

Ejectors/Injectors for water treatment; liquid elevators. European Communities

WWM

233. 841381

Pumps for liquids, not elsewhere specified or included Pumps for liquids, whether or not fitted with a measuring device; other pumps (specifically Wind turbine pump) PWT


234. 841382 Ejectors/Injectors for water treatment; liquid elevators. WWM European Communities

Canada Japan

APC Air handling equipment. Used in a number of

environmental applications, e.g. flue gas desulphurisation (the process by which sulphur is removed from combustion exhaust gas)

New Zealand 235. 841410 Vacuum pumps

M/A

OECDAPEC

United States

236. 841420

Air or vacuum pumps, air or other gas compressors and fans; ventilating or recycling hoods incorporating a fan, whether or not fitted with filters. - Hand- or foot-operated air pumps.


Japan 237. 841430 Compressors of a kind used in refrigerating equipment APC Air handling equipment. Transport or extraction of

polluted air, corrosive gases or dust OECD New Zealand

Air handling equipment. Transport or extraction of polluted air, corrosive gases or dust OECD New Zealand

Japan

APC

238. 841440 Air compressors mounted on a wheeled chassis for towing

WWM Korea

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Fans other than table, floor, wall, window, ceiling or roof fans, with a self-contained electric motor of an output not exceeding 125 W

APEC Japan

Canada Korea Fans (and blowers) other than table, floor, window, ceiling

or roof fans with a self contained electric motor of an output not exceeding 125W Air handling equipment. Transport or extraction of

polluted air, corrosive gases or dust APEC New Zealand

Fans, not elsewhere specified or included APEC United States

239. 841459

Fans and parts thereof

APC

Transport or extraction of polluted air and corrosive gases or dust European

Communities Pumps for airs, whether or not fitted with a measuring device; other pumps Heat pumps RM

Air or vacuum pumps, air or vacuum compressors and fans; other

Japan

Canada Air or vacuum pumps, air or other gas compressors and fans; ventilating or recycling hoods incorporating a fan, whether or not fitted with filters; other Air handling equipment. Transport or extraction of

polluted air, corrosive gases or dust New Zealand

APC

Air/gas pumps, compressors and fans etc, not elsewhere specified or included


M/A APC Other air or gas compressors or hoods

Korea

Aerator Blower Diffuser

WWM

Chinese Taipei

240. 841480

Industrial hoods and parts thereof APC Ex: For exhaust gases European Communities

Industrial hoods and parts thereof Ex: For exhaust gases

Fans and parts thereof Transport or extraction of polluted air and corrosive gases or dust


Canada Parts of vacuum pumps, compressors, fans, blowers, hoods

Air handling equipment. Transport or extraction of polluted air, corrosive gases or dust OECD New Zealand

241. 841490

Parts of HS headings 8414

APC

Japan

242. 8415

Air conditioning machines, comprising a motor-driven fan and elements for changing the temperature and humidity, including those machines in which the humidity cannot be separately regulated

Inverter type air conditioning CT/P Japan

243. 841590 Parts of air conditioning machines Temperature controller CT/P Japan

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Waste incinerators Canada Other industrial or laboratory furnaces and ovens, including incinerators, non-electric Destruction of pollutants (such as VOC) by heating

polluted air and oxidation of organic components. OECDAPEC New Zealand APC

Waste incinerators or other waste treatment apparatus WWM Korea Industrial or laboratory furnaces and ovens, including

incinerators, non-electric; other Waste incinerators S/H Japan

Waste gas incinerator Catalytic oxidizer

APC

Incinerator Waste incinerators

Chinese Taipei

S/H OECD

APEC Industrial or laboratory furnaces and ovens, including incinerators, non-electric; not elsewhere specified or included

Industrial or laboratory furnaces and ovens, including incinerators, non-electric; other than bakery ovens and furnaces for treatment of ores (specifically Waste Incinerators)

APC OECDAPEC

United States

Bio-electricity and bio-heat from waste: See product examples under category S/H – "Waste treatment and disposal, including recycling" for combustion/ incineration and landfill gas production from waste. (See TN/TE/W/56, pp. 5-6)

REP


Heat or catalytic incinerators (oxidisers) and parts thereof APC COV destruction by heating of polluted air and oxidation of organic components.

244. 841780

Thermal treatment/Incineration systems recovering energy, equipped with filters for atmospheric emissions control: - Furnaces and ovens for the incineration/thermal treatment of waste; parts thereof.

S/H Includes fluidised bed systems (bubbling, circulating, etc.) and biomass boilers.



S/H Includes fluidised bed systems (bubbling, circulating, etc.) and biomass boilers.

Heat or catalytic incinerators (oxidisers) and parts thereof APC COV destruction by heating of polluted air and oxidation of organic components.


Parts of furnaces, non-electric S/H APC

Canada

Parts of waste incinerators S/H

Incineration is necessary for certain types of waste (for example, medical waste). Incinerating solid waste kills disease-carrying organisms and reduces the volume and weight of the waste.

New Zealand

APC Parts of industrial or laboratory furnaces and ovens, including incinerators, non-electric (specifically parts of waste incinerators)

OECDAPEC

United States

Parts of waste incinerators Korea

Parts of industrial or laboratory furnaces and ovens, including incinerators, non-electric

Japan

245. 841790

Waste incinerators; parts

S/H

Chinese Taipei

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Ion refrigerators able to dispose of germs R/C Non flon refrigerator 246. 8418

Refrigerators, freezers and other refrigerating or freezing equipment, electric or other; heat pumps other than air conditioning machines of heading No. 84.15 Inverter type air conditioning CT/P

Japan

H/EM Canada

Other instantaneous or storage water heaters, non-electric Solar water heaters Uses solar thermal energy to heat water, producing no pollution. Use of solar water heating displaces the burning of other, pollution-creating fuels.

New Zealand REP

Instantaneous/storage water heaters ex instant gas water not elsewhere

Other instantaneous or storage water heaters, non-electric (specifically solar water heaters) APC

OECDAPEC

United States

Solar boiler (water heater). REP European Communities

Burner; fuel other than oil or gas

Solar water heaters

247. 841919

Instantaneous or storage water heaters, non-electric; other

Waste heat boilers

RM

Japan

248. 841939 Sludge driers & granulating machines. WWM European Communities

Solvent recycling plant Allows the recovery and reuse of solvents, e.g. solvents used in the printing, painting or dry cleaning industries.

APEC New Zealand

Canada

RS

M/A PWT

APEC United States

Distilling or rectifying plant

Japan Distillation apparatus, laboratory APC Chinese Taipei Distilling or rectifying plant e.g. seawater desalination systems. WWM

249. 841940

Distilling or rectifying plant, including biogas refinement equipment. S/H


Canada Heat exchange units H/EM Japan

Heat exchange units, industrial type OECDAPEC United States

Heat pumps and parts thereof Includes pumps for air cooling Solar collector and solar system controller: Heat exchanger.

REP

Thermal treatment/Incineration systems recovering energy, equipped with filters for atmospheric emissions control:

250. 841950

- Heat exchanger. S/H


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Canada Japan

APC

Korea

M/A United States

Machinery for liquefying air or other gases

For separation and removal of pollutants through condensation

OECDAPEC

New Zealand

251. 841960

Machinery for liquefying air and other gases

APC

Chinese Taipei

Machinery, plant or laboratory equipment, whether or not electrically heated (excluding furnaces, ovens and other equipment of heading 85.14), for the treatment of materials by a process involving a change of temperature such as heating, cooking, roasting, distilling, rectifying, sterilising, pasteurising, steaming, drying, evaporating, vaporising, condensing or cooling, other than machinery or plant of a kind used for domestic purposes; instantaneous or storage water heaters, non-electric

Machinery for treatment of materials by change of temperature Japan

Canada Machinery, plant and equipment whether or not electrically heated, for the treatment of materials by a process involving a change of temperature such as heating, vapourizing, condensing or cooling (excl. machinery or plant used for domestic purposes and machinery and appliances specified elsewhere)

APC

For separation and removal of pollutants through condensation OECD New Zealand

Evaporators and dryers, for water treatment. WWM Distilling or rectifying plant, including biogas refinement equipment. - Condenser; cooling towers.

Biological treatment of organic waste, including production of biogas: Digestion tanks; Biogas reactor; biogas refinement equipment.

252. 841989


S/H

Includes fluidised bed systems (bubbling, circulating, etc.) and biomass boilers.


Parts of machinery, plant and equipment of heading No 84.19 Medical, surgical or laboratory stabilizers M/A Canada 253. 841990 Parts of HS headings 8419 Heat exchange units; parts H/EM Japan

254. 8421 System for operation and control of water and wastewater treatment ops. WWM European

Communities

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Canada

M/A Equipment used in the measurement, recording, analysis and assessment of environmental samples or environmental impact.

OECDAPEC New Zealand Centrifuges, including centrifugal dryers, other than cream

separators and clothes-dryers

Japan

Other centrifuges Other than centrifuges for medical, laboratory, food industry, petrochemical industry

WWM Korea

Centrifuges, not elsewhere specified or included M/A OECDAPEC United States

255. 842119

Oil skimmer, and parts thereof. R/C European Communities

WWM Water filtering or purifying machinery and apparatus


M/A

Canada Filtering or purifying machinery and apparatus for liquids: for filtering or purifying water Japan

For filtering or purifying water Korea

(Mechanical) bar screen

Drum screen

Micro screen Scraper Waste water and grease separator Grease interceptor

Belt filter press

Sludge treatment equipment

Sludge decanter (sludge centrifuge)

Plate and frame filter press

Reverse osmosis system

Vacuum filter Sand filter

Micro strainer

Ion exchange system Ultra-violet disinfection system Septic tank

Ion exchanger

Chinese Taipei

256. 842121

Filtering or purifying machinery and apparatus for water and parts thereof

WWM

Including sludge belt filter presses and belt thickeners European

Communities

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Japan Filtering or purifying machinery and apparatus for liquids; other

WWM Used to remove contaminants from wastewater, by chemical recovery, oil/water separation, screening or straining.

New Zealand

M/A Filter/purify machine and apparatus for liquid not elsewhere specified or included

OECDAPEC

United States

Other machinery for purifying liquids WWM Korea

Hydraulic fluid power filters rated at 1,000 kPa or greater M/A Canada

257. 842129

Other filtering and purifying machinery and apparatus for liquids. WWM European

Communities

258. 842131 Filtering or purifying machinery and apparatus for gas or air APC

Physical, mechanical, chemical or electrostatic filters and purifiers for the removal of COV, solid or liquid particles in gases, etc.


Filtering or purifying machinery and apparatus for gas or air APC

Physical, mechanical, chemical or electrostatic filters and purifiers for the removal of COV, solid or liquid particles in gases, etc.

Distilling or rectifying plant, including biogas refinement equipment. - Filtering systems for gas. S/H


APC Filter/purify machine and apparatus for gases not elsewhere specified or included


Catalytic converters / Gas separation equipment / Pneumatic fluid power filters rated at 550 kPa or greater / Industrial gas cleaning equipment / Electrostatic filters (precipitators)

M/A Canada

Japan

Filtering or purifying machinery and apparatus for gases; other

For purifying exhaust gas for vehicles of Chapter 87, for the treatment of harmful exhaust gas

Korea

Electrostatic precipitator

Bag filter

Cartridge dust collector Cyclone dust collector Oil mist eliminator Wet scrubber: cyclone scrubber Wet scrubber: venturi scrubber Wet scrubber: packed tower scrubber Fume collector

Activated carbon (or Zeolite) adsorption and regeneration system

Flue gas desulfurization system (FGD)

APC

259. 842139

Soil vapour treatment system (oil-water separator) R/C

Chinese Taipei

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Parts of centrifuges, including centrifugal dryers (specifically centrifuges, accessories & parts; except clothes dryers and clothes dryer furniture)

United States

Canada M/A



Parts of centrifuges, including centrifugal dryers

Centrifuges, accessories and parts; except clothes dryers and clothes dryer furniture

Japan

Parts of centrifuges WWM

Korea

260. 842191

Oil skimmer, and parts thereof. R/C European Communities

Filtering or purifying machinery and apparatus for water and parts thereof WWM Including sludge belt filter presses and belt

thickeners

Parts of filters.


Parts of centrifuges, including centrifugal dryers Japan

Filter/purify machine and apparatus parts

APC


WWM Canada Parts of filtering or purifying machinery and apparatus for liquids or gases For purifying exhaust gas for vehicles of

Chapter 87 APC

Parts for filtering or purifying machinery Filter for purifying machinery WWM Korea

Filter elements (for instant use)

261. 842199

Other parts of filtering or purifying machinery and apparatus for liquids or gases

APC

Chinese Taipei

Ultrasonic dish washing machine

Dish washing machine capable of saving detergent 262. 842211

Dish washing machines; machinery for cleaning or drying bottles or other containers; machinery for filling, closing, sealing or labelling bottles, cans, boxes, bags or other containers; machinery for capsuling bottles, jars, tubes and similar containers; household type Dish washing machine capable of saving

water

CT/P

Japan

Canada

Korea

S/H


Machinery for cleaning or drying bottles or other containers

RS

Japan

263. 842220

Machinery for cleaning or drying bottles or other containers and parts thereof. S/H European

Communities

264. 842290 Machinery for cleaning or drying bottles or other containers and parts thereof. S/H European

Communities

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S/H Canada Japan 265. 842381 Other weighing machinery having a maximum weighing

capacity not exceeding 30 kg WWM Necessary to calculate the amount of reagents

needed to treat waste. OECD New Zealand

S/H Canada Other weighing machinery having a maximum weighing capacity exceeding 30kg but not exceeding 5,000 kg Necessary to calculate the amount of reagents

needed to treat waste. OECD New Zealand 266. 842382 Weighing machinery having a maximum weighing capacity exceeding 30 kg but not exceeding 5000 kg

WWM Japan

Other weighing machinery not elsewhere specified S/H Canada Japan 267. 842389

Other weighing machinery WWM Necessary to calculate the amount of reagents needed to treat waste. OECD New Zealand

Parts for sprayers for powders or liquids Deflash machines for cleaning and removing, spraying appliances WWM

Korea

Parts of mechanical appliances for projecting, dispersing or spraying liquids or powders; fire extinguishers, whether or not charged; spray guns and similar machines and similar jet projecting machines

Japan 268. 842490

Mechanical appliances (whether or not hand-operated) for projecting, dispersing or spraying liquids or powders; fire extinguishers, whether or not charged; spray guns and similar appliances; steam or sand blasting machines and jet projecting machines: Parts

APC

Sprayers are used in a number of air pollution control applications, including odour control. OECD New Zealand

269. 842832 to 842839

Roller tables and other conveyers for feeding and removing waste. S/H European

Communities Other lifting, handling, loading or unloading machinery (for example, lifts, escalators, conveyors, teleferics); other Japan

Korea Other continuous - action elevators and conveyors, for goods or materials; other, belt type For transport of waste around the treatment plant. APEC New Zealand

Belt-type above ground conveyor used to transfer solids or slurries between plants

Chinese Taipei 270. 842833

Continuous - action elevators and conveyors, for goods or materials, belt type

Other continuous-action elevators and conveyors, for goods or materials; other, belt type (specifically Belt-type above ground conveyor used to transfer solids or slurries between plants)

WWM

APEC United States

271. 842940 Tamping machines and road rollers, self-propelled Tamping Machines and Road Rollers (specifically Self-propelled sanitary landfill compactors)

S/H United States

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Other agricultural, horticultural, forestry, poultry-keeping or bee-keeping machinery CT/P

Non-toxic alternative to chemical herbicides. A machine delivers high temperature water solution that kills weeds thermally.

APEC New Zealand

Other agricultural, horticultural, forestry, poultry-keeping or bee-keeping machinery, including germination plant fitted with mechanical or thermal equipment; poultry incubators and brooders; other

Hot water weed killing system

Japan

272. 843680

Agricultural, horticultural, forestry, bee-keeping machinery not elsewhere specified or included

Other agricultural, horticultural, forestry, poultry-keeping or bee-keeping machinery (specifically Hot water weed killing system (Includes grinders, shredders, and chippers used by wood and waste industries to reduce volumes and ceate such products as boiler fuel, mulch, and compost, and to grind Municipal Solid Waste (MCW) and certain construction).)

WWM

APEC United States

273. 843910

Grinder, shredder, crusher, excluding food disposal units; Compactors for paper, plastic, board, cartons, etc., agglomerator, briquetter, pelletiser and other mixing equipments for waste. Parts thereof.

S/H Including waste separators European Communities

274. 843920



Parts for machinery for making or finishing paper or paperboard

Machinery for making pulp of fibrous cellulosic material or for making or finishing paper or paperboard (other than the machinery of heading 8419 (parts thereof, other (specifically Parts for Forest Machinery. See Item HS 843680 (Forest Machinery)- Classified Differently, but similar to the equipment covered under HS 847982.)

United States

275. 843999


S/H

Including waste separators European Communities

Ultrasonic washing machines Washing machines capable of saving detergents 276. 8450 Household or laundry-type washing machines, including

machines which both wash and dry Washing machines capable of saving water

CT/P

Japan

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Japan Hydraulic presses Shredders/balers for metals; hydraulic Korea

Hydraulic presses for working metal

Machine tools for working metal, other than punching or notching and combined punching and shearing; hydraulic presses (specifically shredders/balers for metals; hydraulic)

APEC United States 277. 846291


S/H


278. 846490 Machine-tools for working stone, ceramics, concrete, asbestos-cement or like mineral materials or for cold working glass; other

Machine-tools for cold working glass S/H Japan

279. 846596 Split, slice etc. machine for working wood cork bone etc

Splitting, slicing or paring machines (specifically portable recyclers (grinders/shredders) portable (wood and waste recycling machinery))

S/H United States

280. 846599 Machine tools for working wood cork bone etc not elsewhere specified or included

Other parts of splitting, slicing or paring machines (specifically tree delimber/ debarker/ chipper machinery (portable recyclers (grinders/ shredders))

S/H United States

281. 846694



282. 847170 Storage units DVD-ROM CT/P Japan Other office machines (for example, hectograph or stencil duplicating machines, addressing machines, automatic banknote dispensers, coin-sorting machines, coin-counting or wrapping machines, pencil-sharpening machines, perforating or stapling machines); other

Japan

Other office machines

Paper shredders

Korea 283. 847290

Office machines for automatic banknote dispensers, etc Other office machines (specifically paper shredders)

S/H

APEC United States

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Sorting, screening, separating or washing machines elsewhere specified RS Canada

Machines of a kind for use in screening and washing coal Japan S/H

Korea Sorting, screening, separating or washing machines Waste foundry sand reclamation equipment Used to treat sand waste from foundry cast making,

allowing the reuse of the sand. New Zealand

Sorting, screening, separating or washing machines (specifically Machines of a kind for use in screening and washing coal)

RS

Sorting etc machines for earth stone mineral subs Sorting, screening, separating or washing machines (specifically Waste foundry sand reclamation equipment)

APEC United States

284. 847410

Sorting, screening, separating and washing machines for recycling waste (i.e. metals, plastics, glass, paper, etc.), and parts thereof.

S/H A specific tariff code could be created for recycling plants and units. European

Communities

Crusher Shredding system Chinese Taipei

285. 847420 Grinder, shredder, crusher, excluding food disposal units; Compactors for paper, plastic, board, cartons, etc., agglomerator, briquetter, pelletiser and other mixing equipments for waste. Parts thereof.

S/H


S/H Korea

Japan Asphalt recycling equipment Recycling asphalt on roads and pavements

minimises demand for oil and gravel to make new asphalt, as well as minimising waste destined for landfill.

APEC New Zealand 286. 847432 Machines for mixing mineral substances with bitumen

Machines for mixing mineral substances with bitumen (specifically Asphalt recycle equipment)

RS

APEC United States

Other mixing or kneading machines for earth, stone, sand, etc Korea

Mixing or kneading machines: other Used to prepare waste for treatment/recycling or during treatment/recycling OECD New Zealand

Mixing or kneading machines Japan 287. 847439

Mixing or kneading machines

S/H

Grinding, crushing or mixing machines that use physical methods to break up waste, thereby facilitating further processing of the waste.

Chinese Taipei

288. 847529 Machines for manufacturing or hot working glass or glassware: other S/H Japan

289. 847910 Machines for urban cleaning. S/H E.g. Litter sweeper. European Communities

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Used to prepare waste for recycling, for example, crushing concrete.

OECDAPEC New Zealand RS

Other than kneading machinery

WWM

Magnetic separator S/H Japan

For mixing of wastewater during treatment. APEC New Zealand Agitator for wastewater treatment WWM Crushers and grinders for solid waste

Korea Mixing, kneading, crushing, grinding, screening, sifting, homogenising, emulsifying or stirring machines

Including bio-waste chopping and mixing equipment

S/H

Used to prepare organic waste for composting. Composting converts organic waste into humus, which can be used as fertiliser. Composting can minimise the amount of waste going to landfill as well as recovering the valuable nutrient and energy content of the waste.

OECD New Zealand

Mixing, kneading, crushing, grinding, screening, sifting, homogenizing emulsifying or stirring machines (specifically Agitator for wastewater treatment )

WWM

Mixing kneading crushing grinding etc machine not elsewhere specified or included Mixing, kneading, crushing, grinding,

screening, sifting, homogenizing emulsifying or stirring machines (specifically Other than kneading machinery)

RS


Fluorescent tubes treatment plants. Sorting, screening, separating and washing machines for recycling waste (i.e. metals, plastics, glass, paper, etc.), and parts thereof.

A specific tariff code could be created for recycling plants and units.


Including waste separators

Waste sorter devices

S/H


290. 847982

Agitator WWM Chinese Taipei

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Machines elsewhere specified and mechanical appliances not elsewhere specified having individual functions

In-vessel composting systems / Radioactive waste press / Trash compactors / Other

S/H Canada

Trash compactors WWM Radioactive waste press Japan

Machines and mechanical appliances having individual functions, not specified or included elsewhere in this Chapter In-vessel composting systems, trash

compactors

In-vessel composting systems can handle large amounts of waste and speed up decomposition. Trash compactors reduce the volume of solid waste, allowing more efficient transport and disposal.

New Zealand

Machines and mechanical appliances having individual functions, not elsewhere specified or included in this chapter, other (specifically radioactive waste press)

S/H

Machines and mechanical appliances with individual function not elsewhere specified or included Machines and mechanical appliances

having individual functions, not elsewhere specified or included in this chapter, other (specifically trash compactors)

WWM

OECDAPEC

United States

Equipment for prevention of air pollution, noise treatment, vibration prevention, water contamination prevention and treatment of materials caused by factory wastage

S/H Chinese Taipei

Equipment and apparatus for cleaning or stabilizing the soil R/C Stripping, oil-water separator, catalytic oxidisers, ultrafiltration apparatus, bio-remediation equipment, soil stabilization and solidification equipment, etc.

Collecting and sampling equipment. Machines and appliances for solid/liquid separation, flocculation or thickening, whether or not compacting and bagging, of sewage sludge.

Sludge silos with independent functions. Aeration systems and aerators.

WWM

Biological treatment of organic waste, including production of biogas:

Biological treatment plant. A specific tariff code could be provided for plants.

Landfill gas monitoring system.

Includes gasifier, feeding system, pressurised/atmospheric operation equipment, tar removal equipment, gas cleaning equipment, etc for the control of landfill methane emissions.

Landfill leachate treatment equipment (leachate aerators and pumps, gas extraction wells…).

S/H

Dust collection and storing equipment. APC Including Off-sheat and On-sheat dust control devices, flue dust recovery and transportation equipment.

Composting systems of organic matter : - Machinery, apparatus and vehicles for composting. S/H

E.g. Grinding and mixing machines for biowaste; Tunnels composed of a hermetic reactor with automatic aeration and feeding systems.

Soil sampling equipment.

291. 847989

Machines and appliances for oil recovery; Oil spill and aquatic weed control harvesters. R/C Including entire oil recovery systems and harvesters

that have the ability to move on land and on water.


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Parts of machines elsewhere specified and mechanical appliances having individual functions, not elsewhere specified or included in this chapter

Canada

Parts of machines and mechanical appliances having individual functions, not elsewhere specified or included in this chapter, other

Trash compactors reduce the volume of solid waste, allowing more efficient transport and disposal. APEC New Zealand

Machines and mechanical appliances having individual functions, not specified or included elsewhere in this Chapter; parts

Parts of trash compactors

Japan

S/H

APEC Parts of machines and mechanical appliances with individual functions, not elsewhere specified or included

Parts of machines and mechanical appliances having individual functions, not elsewhere specified or included in this chapter, other (specifically parts of trash compactors)

PWT APEC United States

Sorting, screening, separating and washing machines for recycling waste (i.e. metals, plastics, glass, paper, etc.), and parts thereof.

A specific tariff code could be created for recycling plants and units.

292. 847990


S/H

Including waste separators


293. 848050 Moulds for glass S/H Japan

Filter-regulators and filter regulator-lubricators / Other, pneumatically controlled / Hydraulically controlled

Canada


294. 848110 Pressure-reducing valves

WWM

Japan

295. 848110 to 848180 Taps, cocks and valves for water and wastewater. WWM European

Communities Japan Check valves Of iron / Of steel Canada 296. 848130

Check (non-return) valves WWM


Canada Japan 297. 848140 Safety or relief valves

WWM For handling and transport of wastewater or slurries during treatment OECD New Zealand

Hand operated or hand activated of iron – Gate type and globe type Canada Other appliances for pipes, boiler shells, tanks, vats or the

like For handling and transport of wastewater or slurries

during treatment OECD New Zealand 298. 848180

Other valves

WWM

Japan

299. 848190 Parts of valves and similar articles for pipes, boiler shells, tanks, vats or the like, not elsewhere specified WWM Canada

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300. 848340 Gears; ball or roller screws; gear boxes, etc Gears and gearing and other speed changers (specifically for wind turbines) REP United States

301. 848360 Clutches and shaft couplings (including universal joints) Clutches and universal joints (specifically For wind turbines) REP United States

302. 850110


REP



303. 850120


REP



304. 850130


REP



305. 850161 AC generators (alternators) <=75 kVA output AC generators not exceeding 75 kVA (specifically for all electricity generating renewable energy plants)

REP United States

306. 850162 AC generators (alternator) > 75 kVA but =< 375kVA AC generators exceeding 75 kVA but not 375 kVA (specifically for all electricity generating renewable energy plants)

REP United States

307. 850163 AC generators (alternator) > 375 kVA but =< 750kva

AC generators not exceeding 375 kVA but not 750 kVA (specifically for all electricity generating renewable energy plants)

REP United States

308. 850164 AC generators of an output exceeding 750 kVA AC generators exceeding 750 kVA (specifically for all electricity generating renewable energy plants)

REP United States

309. 850213 Biomass combined heat and power plant. REP European Communities

Other electric generating sets Wind-powered REP Canada Electric generating sets and rotary converters; wind-powered RM Japan

Other electric generating sets and rotary converters; wind-powered Electricity generation from a renewable resource

(wind). New Zealand

REP

Generating sets, electric, wind powered S/H

APEC United States

Wind turbine. Electric generator for wind turbine, and parts thereof. REP


310. 850231

Electric generating sets and rotary converters. - Other generating sets: - Wind-powered. CT/P Switzerland

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Other electric generating sets and rotary converters Micro combined heat and power systems CT/P

Combined heat and power systems produce usable power (usually electricity) and heat at the same time. Micro combined heat and power systems are very efficient for domestic use, particularly in places where reticulated natural gas and hot water central heating are the norm. 'Distributed generation' also minimises transmission losses through national grids, reducing the need to increase centralised generating capacity and transmission networks.

OECD New Zealand

Small hydro powered generating plant


Small hydro powered generating plant: generator for use in the above hydro-power plant


Wave power generating plant. Biomass combined heat and power plant.


311. 850239

Generating sets, electric, not elsewhere specified or included

Other generating sets (specifically Gas turbine sets for biomass plants)

REP

United States

312. 850240 Electric generating sets and rotary converters. - Electric rotary converters. CT/P Switzerland

Parts suitable for use solely or principally with the machines of heading 85.01 or 85.02. As applicable to 850231 and 850240. CT/P Switzerland

Electric generator for wind turbine, and parts thereof. European Communities 313. 850300

Parts of electric motors, generators and sets Parts for equipment classified under 8501 and 8502 (specifically Parts of gas and wind powered turbines)

REP United States

Static converters; adp power supplies Other static converters (specifically Inverters for photovoltaic solar equipment)

United States 314. 850440

Solar inverter.

REP

Converts solar energy into electricity. European Communities

Canada Japan Electro-magnets; other, including parts Used to remove metal content from waste for recycling. APEC New Zealand

Electromagnet

Magnets separator for waste treatment Chinese Taipei

315. 850590

Electromagnets, clamps, similar holding devices & part Electromagnets; other, including parts (specifically Electromagnet)

S/H

APEC United States

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Primary cells and batteries Canada

Other primary cells and primary batteries Fuel cells

Fuel cells use hydrogen or hydrogen-containing fuels such as methane to produce an electric current, through a electrochemical process rather than combustion. Fuel cells are clean, quiet, and highly efficient sources of electricity.

OECD New Zealand

Primary cells and primary batteries. - Other primary cells and primary batteries.

CT/P

Switzerland

316. 850680

Primary cells and primary batteries; other Fuel cells RM Japan

Vacuum cleaners Japan 317. 850910

Jet-turn type cleaner APC

Chinese Taipei

318. 850980 Electro-mechanical domestic appliances, with self-contained electric motor Garbage degrader CT/P Japan

319. 851210

Electrical lighting or signalling equipment (excluding articles of heading 85.39), windscreen wipers, defrosters and demisters, of a kind used for cycles or motor vehicles. - Lighting or visual signalling equipment of a kind used on bicycles.

CT/P Switzerland

320. 851290 Electrical lighting or signalling equipment (excluding articles of heading 85.39), windscreen wipers, defrosters and demisters, of a kind used for cycles or motor vehicles. - Parts.

As applicable to 851210 CT/P Switzerland

321. 8514


S/H Includes fluidised bed systems (bubbling, circulating, etc.) and biomass boilers. European

Communities

APC Canada Waste incinerators or other waste treatment apparatus S/H Japan Industrial or laboratory furnaces and ovens; electric,

resistance heated APC Destruction of pollutants (such as VOC) by heating

polluted air and oxidation of organic components. OECDAPEC New Zealand

Waste incinerators or other waste treatment apparatus Chinese Taipei 322. 851410

Industrial, laboratory furnaces, ovens, resistance

Industrial or laboratory furnaces and ovens; electric, resistance heated (specifically waste incinerators or other waste treatment apparatus )

S/H OECD

APEC United States

APC Destruction of pollutants (such as VOC) by heating polluted air and oxidation of organic components.


S/H Japan Canada

Industrial or laboratory furnaces and ovens; electric, induction or dielectric

APC WWM Furnaces and ovens; functioning by induction or dielectric

los Korea

Waste incinerators or other waste treatment apparatus

Chinese Taipei

323. 851420

Industrial, laboratory furnaces, ovens, induction, dielectric

Industrial or laboratory furnaces and ovens; electric, induction or dielectric (specifically waste incinerators or other waste treatment apparatus )

S/H OECD

APEC United States

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APC Canada Industrial or laboratory furnaces and ovens, electric, other Japan

Waste incinerators or other waste treatment apparatus

Chinese Taipei

Industrial, laboratory furnaces, ovens, not elsewhere specified or indicated

Industrial or laboratory furnaces and ovens, electric, other (specifically Waste incinerators or other waste treatment apparatus)

S/H United States 324. 851430

Industrial or Laboratory Furnaces and Ovens, electric, other APC Destruction of pollutants (such as VOC) by heating

polluted air and oxidation of organic components.

OECDAPEC

New Zealand

Parts of industrial or laboratory furnaces and ovens S/H Japan Canada APC

WWM Parts of waste incinerators

S/H Korea Parts of industrial or laboratory electric furnaces and ovens;

other laboratory induction or dielectric heating equipment

APC Destruction of pollutants (such as VOC) by heating polluted air and oxidation of organic components.


Parts of HS 8514 Chinese Taipei

325. 851490

Parts for industrial or laboratory furnaces, ovens or heating equipment

Parts of industrial or laboratory electric furnaces and ovens or other laboratory induction or dielectric heating equipment (specifically parts of waste incinerators)

S/H OECD

APEC United States

Liquid pumps Water heating machine using heating pumps RM Japan

326. 851610

Electric instantaneous or storage water heaters and immersion heaters; electric space heating apparatus and soil heating apparatus; electro-thermic hair-dressing apparatus (for example, hair dryers, hair curlers, curling tong heaters) and hand dryers; electric smoothing irons; other electrothermic appliances of a kind used for domestic purposes; electric heating resistors, other than those of heading 85.45. - Electric instantaneous or storage water heaters and immersion heaters.

Domestic immersion heaters and water kettles. EPP Switzerland

Electric space heating apparatus and electric soil heating apparatus; other

Electric space heating and soil heating apparatus Japan

S/H

Korea 327. 851629

Other electric space heating and soil heating apparatus R/C Use heat to disinfect or remove organic compounds

(e.g. pesticides, hydrocarbons) from soil, and to dry contaminated soil prior to treatment processes.

OECD New Zealand

328. 851650 Microwave ovens Resource efficient type CT/P Japan

329. 851660 Other ovens; cookers, cooking plates, boiling rings, grillers and roasters IH electric cooker CT/P Japan

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330. 851679

Electric instantaneous or storage water heaters and immersion heaters; electric space heating apparatus and soil heating apparatus; electro-thermic hair-dressing apparatus (for example, hair dryers, hair curlers, curling tong heaters) and hand dryers; electric smoothing irons; other electro-thermic appliances of a kind used for domestic purposes; electric heating resistors, other than those of heading 85.45; Other

IH rice cookers CT/P Japan

331. 851690

Electric instantaneous or storage water heaters and immersion heaters; electric space heating apparatus and soil heating apparatus; electro-thermic hair-dressing apparatus (for example, hair dryers, hair curlers, curling tong heaters) and hand dryers; electric smoothing irons; other electrothermic appliances of a kind used for domestic purposes; electric heating resistors, other than those of heading 85.45. - Parts.

Domestic immersion heaters and water kettles. EPP Switzerland

332. 852691 Radar apparatus, radio navigational aid apparatus and radio remote control apparatus; radio navigational aid apparatus

Car navigation system capable of receiving traffic jam information CT/P Japan

PDP type 333. 852812

Reception apparatus for television, whether or not incorporating radio-broadcast receivers or sound or video recording or reproducing apparatus; colour LCD type

CT/P

Japan

334. 852830 Video projectors LCD type CT/P Japan

335. 8530

Electrical signalling, safety or traffic control equipment for railways, tramways, roads, inland waterways, parking facilities, port installations or airfields (other than those of heading 86.08).


336. 853080 Other electrical signalling, safety or traffic control equipment H/EM Canada

337. 853180 Gas or smoke detectors and alarms, monitors, including sensors. Parts thereof. APC European

Communities

338. 853190 Gas or smoke detectors and alarms, monitors, including sensors. Parts thereof. APC European

Communities

339. 8535

Electrical apparatus for switching or protecting electrical circuits, or for making connections to or in electrical circuits (for example, switches, fuses, lightning arresters, voltage limiters, surge suppressors, plugs, junction boxes), for a voltage exceeding 1,000 volts.


340. 8536

Electrical apparatus for switching or protecting electrical circuits, or for making connections to or in electrical circuits (for example, switches, relays, fuses, surge suppressors, plugs, sockets, lamp-holders, junction boxes), for a voltage not exceeding 1,000 volts.


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Compact fluorescent lamps.

Reduction of energy consumption. Lifetime between 6.000 and 12.000 hours. Energy efficiency : 90% of the energy used is transformed into light (5% for a classic bulb). Recyclable packaging.

341. 8539

Fluorescent tubes

HEP

Lifetime around 10.000 hours, up to over 20.000 hours


Discharge lamps, fluorescent, hot cathode Canada

Electric filament or discharge lamps, including sealed beam lamp units and ultra-violet or infra-red lamps; arc-lamps; fluorescent, hot cathode

Japan 342. 853931

Discharge lamps, other than ultra-violet lamps: fluorescent lamps, hot cathode

H/EM Fluorescent lamps are more energy efficient than incandescent light bulbs of an equivalent brightness, as less energy input is lost as heat. They also have a longer lamp life.

OECD New Zealand

343. 853949 Ultraviolet or infrared lamps UV lamps (specifically UV disinfection equipment) WWM United States

Photovoltaic diodes Photosensitive diodes / Solar cells Canada PV module. The whole system is classified under 8502.39. Parts: Solar cells.

REP


Solar electric generators Solar panel RM

Japan

Photosensitive semiconductor devices, including photovoltaic cells whether or not assembled in modules or made up into panels; light emitting diodes Solar cells

Solar photovoltaic cells generate electricity in an environmentally benign manner (with no emissions, noise or heat generated). They are particularly suited to electricity generation in locations remote from an electricity grid.


Photosensitive semiconductor device including photovoltaic cell etc

Photosensitive semiconductor devices, including photovoltaic cells whether or not assembled in modules or made up into panels; light emitting diodes (specifically solar cells)

REP

OECDAPEC

United States

345. 854330 Machines elsewhere specified and apparatus for electroplating, electrolysis or electrophoresis Chloralkali electrolyser cells S/H Canada

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Ozonisers and parts thereof, UV disinfection technology. Water disinfection European Communities

Ozone generator Chinese Taipei

Parts of electrical machines and apparatus, having individual functions, not specified or included elsewhere in this Chapter

Ozone production system Japan

Ionized water purifier, ozone production system

WWM

R/C Korea

Ozone production system WWM Ozone (O3) can be used as an alternative to chlorine

for water disinfection. APEC Electrical machines and apparatus, having individual functions, not specified or included elsewhere in this chapter; other

Ultraviolet water disinfection/treatment systems R/C

UV light is extremely effective in killing and eliminating bacteria, yeasts, viruses, moulds and other harmful organisms. UV systems can be used in conjunction with sediment and carbon filters to create pure drinking water.

OECD New Zealand

346. 854389

Electrical machines and apparatus, having individual functions, not elsewhere specified or included

Electrical machines and apparatus, having individual functions, not specified or included elsewhere in this chapter; other (specifically Ozone production system)

WWM OECDAPEC United States

347. 854390 Ozonisers and parts thereof, UV disinfection technology. WWM Water disinfection European Communities

348. 8544

Insulated (including enamelled or anodised) wire, cable (including co-axial cable) and other insulated electric conductors, whether or not fitted with connectors; optical fibre cables, made up of individually sheathed fibres, whether or not assembled with electric conductors or fitted with connectors.


349. 8546 Electrical insulators of any material. For railway. CT/P Switzerland

CT/P Switzerland

350. 8601 Rail locomotives powered from an external source of electricity or by electric accumulators. HEP

Rail transport, especially electrified, is conducive to sustainable transport solutions (energy efficiency, low air pollution, low GHG emissions).


351. 8602 Other rail locomotives; locomotive tenders. CT/P Switzerland

Self-propelled railway or tramway coaches, vans and trucks, other than those of heading 86.04. CT/P Switzerland

352. 8603 Self-propelled railway or tramway coaches, vans and trucks, other than those of heading 8604, powered from an external source of electricity or by electric accumulators.

HEP Includes underground train. European Communities

353. 8604

Railway or tramway maintenance or service vehicles, whether or not self-propelled (for example, workshops, cranes, ballast tampers, trackliners, testing coaches and track inspection vehicles).

CT/P Switzerland

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354. 8605

Railway or tramway passenger coaches, not self-propelled; luggage vans, post office coaches and other special purpose railway or tramway coaches, not self-propelled (excluding those of heading 86.04).

CT/P Switzerland

CT/P Switzerland 355. 8606 Railway or tramway goods vans and wagons, not self

propelled. HEP European Communities

CT/P Switzerland 356. 8607 Parts of railway or tramway locomotives or rolling-stock.

HEP European Communities

Railway or tramway track fixtures and fittings; mechanical (including electro-mechanical) signalling, safety or traffic control equipment for railways, tramways, roads, inland waterways, parking facilities, port installations or airfields; parts of the foregoing.

CT/P Switzerland 357. 8608

Equipment for railways or tramways HEP European Communities

Containers specially designed and equipped for carriage of liquid or solid waste. S/H

Containers specially designed and equipped for carriage by one or more modes of transport. HEP


358. 8609 Containers (including containers for the transport of fluids) specially designed and equipped for carriage by one or more modes of transport.

Railway use CT/P Switzerland

359. 8702 Motor vehicles for the transport of ten or more persons, including the driver. CT/P Switzerland

360. 870290 Motor vehicles for the transport of ten or more persons, including the driver: other Electric and hybrid vehicles CT/P

Electric vehicles do not produce greenhouse gas emissions (CO2 etc). Hybrid vehicles are powered by both a battery and an internal combustion engine, and emit significantly less pollutants and greenhouse gases than conventional motor vehicles.

OECD New Zealand

Hybrid car Japan

361. 870322

Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons (other than those of heading No. 87.02), including station wagons and racing cars; of a cylinder capacity exceeding 1,000 cc but not exceeding 1,500 cc

Hybrid vehicles CT/P

Hybrid vehicles are powered by both a battery and an internal combustion engine, and emit significantly less pollutants and greenhouse gases than conventional motor vehicles.

OECD New Zealand

Cars designed for defusing nuisance Japan 362. 870390

Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons (other than those of heading No. 87.02), including station wagons and racing cars; other Electric vehicles

CT/P Electric vehicles do not produce greenhouse gas emissions (CO2 etc). OECD New Zealand

Composting systems of organic matter : - Machinery, apparatus and vehicles for composting. 363. 8704 Recycling vehicles/refuse disposal vehicles

S/H E.g. Grinding and mixing machines for biowaste; Tunnels composed of a hermetic reactor with automatic aeration and feeding systems.


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Vehicles for urban and beach cleaning. E.g. Litter sweeper, beach cleaning machines. European Communities

364. 870590 Special purpose motor vehicles, other than those principally designed for the transport of persons or goods (for example, breakdown lorries, crane lorries, fire fighting vehicles, concrete-mixer lorries, road sweeper lorries, spraying lorries, mobile work)

Refuse disposal vehicle S/H

Japan

365. 8708 Parts and accessories of the motor vehicles of headings 87.01 to 87.05. As applicable to 8702. CT/P Switzerland

366. 870829 Parts and accessories of bodies of motor vehicles, not elsewhere specified or included

Parts and accessories of the motor vehicles of headings 8701 to 8705; other (specifically refuse collection/compaction bodies)

S/H United States

Japan Silencers and exhaust pipes Korea 367.

870892 Silencers and exhaust pipes for motor vehicles.

N/V European

Communities

368. 871200 Bicycles and other cycles (including delivery tricycles), not motorised. CT/P Switzerland

369. 871491 Parts and accessories of vehicles of headings 87.11 to 87.13. - Other: - Frames and forks, and parts thereof. For bicycles. CT/P Switzerland

370. 871492 Parts and accessories of vehicles of headings 87.11 to 87.13. - Other: - Wheel rims and spokes. For bicycles. CT/P Switzerland

371. 871493 Parts and accessories of vehicles of headings 87.11 to 87.13. - Other: - Hubs, other than coaster braking hubs and hub brakes, and free-wheel sprocket-wheels.

For bicycles. CT/P Switzerland

372. 871494 Parts and accessories of vehicles of headings 87.11 to 87.13. - Other: - Brakes, including coaster braking hubs and hub brakes, and parts thereof.

For bicycles. CT/P Switzerland

373. 871495 Parts and accessories of vehicles of headings 87.11 to 87.13. - Other: - Saddles. For bicycles. CT/P Switzerland

374. 871496 Parts and accessories of vehicles of headings 87.11 to 87.13. - Other: - Pedals and crank-gear, and parts thereof. For bicycles. CT/P Switzerland

375. 871499 Parts and accessories of vehicles of headings 87.11 to 87.13. - Other: - Other. For bicycles. CT/P Switzerland

376. 871640 Trailers and semi-trailers; other vehicles, not mechanically propelled; parts thereof. - Other trailers and semi-trailers. For bicycles. CT/P Switzerland

377. 871690 Trailers and semi-trailers; other vehicles, not mechanically propelled; parts thereof. - Parts. Parts of bicycle trailers. CT/P Switzerland

378. 890120 Tankers Double-hulled oil tankers CT/P Japan

379. 890190 Barges and similar vessels for the transport of persons or goods, on inland waterways. Parts thereof HEP

Inland waterways are a sustainable alternative to road transport (energy efficiency, safe, lower air pollution)


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380. 890391 Yachts and other vessels for pleasure or sports; rowing boats and canoes. - Other: - Sailboats, with or without auxiliary motor.

Without auxiliary motor. CT/P Switzerland

381. 890399 Yachts and other vessels for pleasure or sports; rowing boats and canoes. - Other : - Other. Without auxiliary motor. CT/P Switzerland

Canada Japan Inflatable oil spill recovery barges Floating barriers to oil can prevent an oil slick from reaching sensitive locations or spreading out further. APEC New Zealand Inflatable rafts

Inflatable rafts (specifically inflatable oil spill recovery barges) APEC United States

Inflatable oil spill recovery barges Chinese Taipei

382. 890710

Inflatable oil spill recovery barges and tanks

R/C


Canada Pollution protection booms, oil absorbent booms

Floating barriers to oil can prevent an oil slick from reaching sensitive locations or spreading out further. Oil absorbents soak up and remove the oil.

APEC New Zealand Other floating structures

Korea

Other floating structures; other Japan

Pollution protection booms

Chinese Taipei

Floating structure except inflatable rafts Floating structure except inflatable rafts (specifically pollution protection booms) APEC United States

383. 890790

Pollution protection booms, oil containment booms, oil absorbent booms.

R/C


384. 900190 Lenses prisms mirrors optical element not optically work Mirrors of other than glass (specifically for solar concentrator systems) REP United States

385. 900290 Prism, mirrors, mounted and parts & accessories, not elsewhere specified or included

Mirrors of glass (specifically for solar concentrator systems) REP United States

Canada Japan

S/H

R/C Korea 386. 901320 Lasers, other than laser diodes

S/H Hazardous waste storage and treatment equipment. OECD New Zealand

387. 901380

Flat panel displays devices (including LCD, electro luminescence, plasma, vacuum fluorescence and other technologies) for products falling within this agreement, and parts thereof

CT/P Japan

388. 901530 Hydrological, oceanographic, meteorological instruments and appliances, and parts thereof M/A

Includes levels, limnigraphs, seismic instruments, machinery and apparatus for measuring the ozone layer, etc.


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Canada

Japan

M/A

APEC United States

389. 901540 Photogrammeterical surveying instruments and appliances

NRM

Photogrammetry is an aerial remote sensing technique which forms the baseline of many Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Land Information Systems (LIS), which are important for monitoring and managing natural risks such as floods, earthquakes.

APEC New Zealand

Hydrological, oceanographic, meteorological instruments and appliances, and parts thereof



Other instruments and appliances used in geodesy, topography, hydrography, oceanography, hydrology, meteorology or geophysics (excl. compasses, rangefinders, theodolites, tacheometers )

Canada

M/A

Japan Other surveying, hydrographic, oceanographic, hydrological, meteorological or geophysical instruments and appliances, excluding compasses NRM

Necessary to monitor, measure and assist planning for natural risks such as earthquakes, cyclones, tsunamis etc.

New Zealand

390. 901580

Surveying instruments and appliances, not elsewhere specified or included, etc. M/A

APEC

United States

Parts and accessories for instruments and appliances used in geodesy, topography, photogrammetrical surveying, hydrography, oceanography, hydrology, meteorology or geophysics, and for rangefinders not elsewhere specified

M/A Canada Photogrammetric instruments; parts and accessories for articles of subheading 901540

NRM

Photogrammetry is an aerial remote sensing technique which forms the baseline of many Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Land Information Systems (LIS).

APEC New Zealand Parts and accessories of surveying, hydrological, meteorological, or geophysical instruments and appliances, excluding compasses

Japan

Parts and accessories for surveying etc not elsewhere specified or included

Parts and accessories of surveying, hydrological, meteorological, or geophysical instruments and appliances, excluding compasses (specifically Photogrammetric instruments; parts and accessories for articles of subheading 9015.40)

APEC United States

391. 901590

Hydrological, oceanographic, meteorological instruments and appliances, and parts thereof

M/A



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Apparatus based on the use of alpha, beta, or gamma radiations, for other uses Canada

Japan Apparatus based on the use of X-rays or of alpha, beta or gamma radiations for other than medical, surgical, dental or veterinary uses


APEC New Zealand 392. 902229

Apparatus use of alpha beta gamma radiations not for medical, surgical etc

M/A

APEC United States

Canada Japan Apparatus based on the use of X-rays or of alpha, beta, or

gamma radiations for other than medical, surgical, dental or veterinary uses

Parts and accessories for goods of subheading 902229 Equipment used in the measurement, recording,

analysis and assessment of environmental samples or environmental impact.

APEC New Zealand

393. 902290

X-ray/high tension generator control panel and desk examination/ treatment table part

Apparatus based on the use of X-rays or of alpha, beta or gamma radiations for other than medical, surgical, dental or veterinary uses (specifically parts and accessories for goods of subheading 9022.29)

M/A

APEC United States

394. 9025 Thermometers, pyrometers, hydrometers, hygrometers, salinometer and parts thereof WWM European

Communities Clinical thermometers Canada Japan United States 395. 902511 Thermometers and pyrometers, not combined with other

instruments: liquid-filled, for direct reading



Clinical thermometers / Pyrometers Canada Japan Thermometers and pyrometers, not combined with other

instruments: other than liquid-filled, for direct reading



Thermometers/ pyrometers not combined with other instruments, not elsewhere specified or included

M/A

OECDAPEC

United States

Barometers, not combined with other instruments Canada

Korea

Hydrometers and similar floating instruments, thermometers pyrometers, barometers, hygrometers, and psychrometers, recording or not, and any combination of these instruments Japan Hydrometers and similar floating instruments, hygrometers, etc, not elsewhere specified on included United States 397. 902580

Hydrometers and similar floating instruments, thermometers pyrometers, barometers, hygrometers, and psychrometers, recording or not, and any combination of these instruments; other instruments

M/A



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Other thermometers and pyrometers, not combined with other instruments, excluding liquid filled for direct reading

Canada

M/A

Japan

Parts and accessories for hydrometers and similar floating instruments, thermometers pyrometers, barometers, hygrometers, and psychrometers, recording or not, and any combination of these instruments

NRM Necessary to monitor, measure and assist planning for natural risks such as earthquakes, cyclones, tsunamis etc.

New Zealand

Parts, hydrometers, thermometers, pyrometers, etc

APEC

United States

398. 902590

Hydrometers and similar floating instruments, thermometers pyrometers, barometers, hygrometers, and psychrometers, recording or not, and any combination of these instruments: parts and accessories

M/A

Korea

Instruments for measuring or checking the flow, level, pressure or other variables of liquids and parts thereof WWM

399. 9026 Air quality monitor, Dust emissions monitor. Parts thereof. APC


Electrical flow meters Canada Japan


New Zealand

OECDAPEC

United States

M/A

400. 902610 Instruments and apparatus for measuring or checking the flow or level of liquid

WWM Korea

Electrical instruments and apparatus Canada Japan


New Zealand

OECDAPEC

United States

M/A

401. 902620 Instruments and apparatus for measuring or checking pressure

WWM Korea

Electrical heat meters Canada Japan Other instruments and apparatus Korea

Instruments measure/checking variable of liquids/ gases, not elsewhere specified or included United States

Other instruments and apparatus for measuring or checking the flow, level, pressure or other variables of liquids or gases

M/A


OECDAPEC New Zealand 402. 902680


REP



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Canada Japan Korea Parts and accessories for articles of subheading 9026



Parts, instruments and apparatus measure/check variables liquids/gas

M/A

OECDAPEC

United States

Gas or smoke detectors and alarms, monitors, including sensors. Parts thereof. APC

R/C Analysis of hydrocarbons and heavy metals in the soil 404. 9027

Instruments and apparatus for physical or chemical analysis and parts thereof WWM


Canada Japan United States Gas or smoke analysis apparatus



Air pollution emission monitoring systems

Air quality monitoring systems

M/A

Chinese Taipei

405. 902710

Gas, smoke and particles analysis apparatus, and parts thereof APC European

Communities Gas chromatographs Liquid chromatographs Electrophoresis instruments

Canada

Japan Korea United States

Chromatographs and electrophoresis instruments



Chromatograph

406. 902720

Electrophoresis instrument

M/A

Chinese Taipei

Canada Japan Spectrometers, spectrophotometers and spectrographs

using optical radiations (ultraviolet, visible, infrared)


New Zealand

Spectrometers, spectrophotometers etc using optical radiations

OECDAPEC

United States

Spectrophotometer Spectrograph

407. 902730

Mass spectrometer

M/A

Chinese Taipei

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Exposure meters Canada Japan Korea


New Zealand 408. 902740 Exposure meters

M/A

OECDAPEC

United States Thermal analysis instruments and apparatus

Other chemical analysis Photometers instruments and apparatus

Other chemical analysis instruments and apparatus

Canada

Japan Korea

Other instruments and apparatus using optical radiations (UV, visible, IR)


New Zealand

409. 902750

Instruments etc using optical radiations not elsewhere specified or included

M/A

OECDAPEC

United States

Nuclear magnetic resonance instruments Mass spectrometers Electrochemical analysis instruments and apparatus

Chemical analysis instruments and apparatus

Physical analysis instruments and apparatus

Canada

Japan Korea

Other instruments and apparatus for physical or chemical analysis


New Zealand

Physical chemical instruments/apparatus; measuring viscosity and heat, not elsewhere specified or included

OECDAPEC

United States

Waste water pollutants monitoring systems

Waste analysis equipment Noise vibration monitoring equipment

M/A

Chinese Taipei

410. 902780

Instruments and apparatus for measuring, checking or analysing noise; parts and accessories thereof N/V European

Communities

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Instruments and apparatus for measuring, checking or analysing noise; parts and accessories thereof N/V European

Communities Microtomes REP Canada Japan Korea Microtomes; parts and accessories


New Zealand

411. 902790

Parts of instruments, physique/ chemical analysis etc, not elsewhere specified or included

M/A

OECDAPEC

United States

Japan

M/A


Canada Gas meters

H/EM Meters are necessary to measure and regulate use and hence enable more efficient use of the resource.

OECDAPEC New Zealand 412. 902810


REP



Japan

M/A OECDAPEC United States

Canada Liquid meters

H/EM Meters are necessary to measure and regulate use and hence enable more efficient use of the resource.


413. 902820

Water consumption meters and parts thereof. WWM European Communities

H/EM Canada Japan


New Zealand 414. 902830 Electricity meters

M/A

APEC

United States

Water consumption meters and parts thereof. WWM European Communities

Of gas meters Of liquid meters REP Canada

Japan Korea Parts and accessories for articles of subheading 9028


New Zealand

415. 902890

Part and accessories for gas, liquid and electricity supply meter including calibrating meter

M/A

APEC

United States

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416. 902920

Revolution counters, production counters, taximeters, mileometers, pedometers and the like; speed indicators and tachometers, other than those of heading 90.14 or 90.15; stroboscopes.- Speed indicators and tachometers; stroboscopes.

Speed indicators for bicycles. CT/P Switzerland

417. 902990

Revolution counters, production counters, taximeters, mileometers, pedometers and the like; speed indicators and tachometers, other than those of heading 90.14 or 90.15; stroboscopes. - Parts and accessories.

As applicable to 908920ex CT/P Switzerland

REP Canada

Japan Instruments and apparatus for measuring or detecting ionising radiations

Korea United States

Instruments for measuring/detecting ionising radiations



418. 903010

Instruments and apparatus for measuring or detecting ionising radiations and radioactivity and parts thereof R/C European

Communities REP Canada Japan


New Zealand 419. 903020 Cathode-ray oscilloscopes and cathode-ray oscillographs

M/A

APEC

United States REP Canada Japan Korea Multimeters



Multimeters without a recording device

M/A

APEC

United States For measuring or checking voltage, current or resistance REP Canada

Japan


APEC New Zealand

Volt meters Am meters Circuit testers Resistance meters

Other instruments and apparatus, for measuring or checking voltage, current, resistance or power, without a recording device

Galvano meters

Korea

421. 903039

Instruments measuring voltage current etc without recording device, multimeter

M/A

APEC United States

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REP Canada Japan Korea Other instruments and apparatus for measuring or checking

electrical quantities, with a recording device



Instruments and apparatus with recording device, not elsewhere specified or included

M/A

APEC

United States

REP Canada Japan Other instruments and apparatus for measuring or checking

electrical quantities



Instruments measuring/checking electrical quantities, not elsewhere specified or included

M/A

APEC

United States

REP Canada

Japan Korea Parts and accessories for nominated articles of subheading

9030


New Zealand

Parts of instruments of measuring electrical quantities alpha beta ionizing radiation

Parts and accessories (for nominated articles of subheading 9030) (specifically parts and accessories (for nominated articles of subheading 9030))

M/A

APEC

United States

424. 903090

Instruments and apparatus for measuring or detecting ionising radiations and radioactivity and parts thereof R/C European

Communities Machines elsewhere specified for balancing mechanical parts REP Canada

Japan



Machines for balancing mechanical parts

M/A

APEC

United States REP Canada Japan


New Zealand 426. 903120 Test benches

M/A

APEC

United States

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REP Canada Japan Korea


New Zealand 427. 903130 Profile projectors

M/A

APEC

United States Other optical instruments, appliances and machines elsewhere specified for measuring or checking REP Canada

Other optical instruments Korea Japan 428. 903149

Other measuring and checking instruments, appliances and machines, not specified or included elsewhere in this chapter


OECD New Zealand

Other measuring or checking instruments, appliances and machines elsewhere specified, not elsewhere specified in this chapter

For testing electrical characteristics of internal combustion engines elsewhere specified

REP Canada

Japan Other measuring or checking instruments, appliances and machines, not elsewhere specified in this chapter


New Zealand

Measuring and checking instrument, appliances and machines not elsewhere specified or included

M/A

OECDAPEC

United States

429. 903180

Instruments and apparatus for measuring, checking or analysing vibrations; parts and accessories thereof N/V Vibrometers, hand vibration meters European

Communities Instruments and apparatus for measuring, checking or analysing vibrations; parts and accessories thereof N/V Vibrometers, hand vibration meters European

Communities REP Canada Korea Parts and accessories for nominated articles of subheading

9031


New Zealand

Parts, of machines not elsewhere specified or included in this chapter and profile projector

APEC

United States

430. 903190

Parts and accessories of HS headings 9031

M/A

Japan

431. 9032 Automatic regulating or controlling instruments and apparatus for the regulation of gaseous or liquid fluids. WWM European

Communities REP Canada Japan


New Zealand 432. 903210 Thermostats

M/A

OECDAPEC

United States

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REP Canada Japan Korea


New Zealand 433. 903220 Manostats

M/A

OECDAPEC

United States Industrial process control instruments and apparatus REP Canada

Japan Korea Hydraulic and pneumatic instruments and apparatus



Hydraulic/pneumatic automatic regulating/ control instruments/ apparatus

M/A

OECDAPEC

United States

Temperature control instruments

Pressure and draft control instruments Flow and liquid level control instruments Humidity control instruments Automatic voltage and voltage-current regulators

Control instruments for air-conditioning, refrigeration or heating systems

REP

Canada

Japan

Automatic regulating or controlling instruments, other

Korea Automatic regulating instruments and apparatus, ex thermostat, manostat, etc United States

435. 903289

Automatic regulating or controlling instruments and apparatus, other



Parts and accessories – automatic regulating or controlling instruments REP Canada

Japan

Parts and accessories Equipment used in the measurement, recording, analysis and assessment of environmental samples or environmental impact.

New Zealand

Parts, automatic regulating/ controlling instruments and apparatus

APEC

United States

436. 903290

Parts and accessories for nominated articles of subheading 9032

M/A

Korea

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Gas or smoke detectors and alarms, monitors, including sensors. Parts thereof.

Air quality monitor, Dust emissions monitor. Parts thereof. Gas, smoke and particles analysis apparatus, and parts thereof

APC


Parts and accessories (not specified or included elsewhere in this Chapter) for machines elsewhere specified, appliances, instruments or apparatus of Ch. 90

REP Canada

Japan Korea Parts and accessories (not specified or included elsewhere

in this chapter) for machines, appliances, instruments or apparatus of Ch. 90


New Zealand

437. 903300

Parts, not elsewhere specified or included for machines, appliances, instruments / apparatus of chap. 90

M/A

APEC

United States

438. 920999

Parts (for example, mechanisms for musical boxes) and accessories (for example, cards, discs and rolls for mechanical instruments) of musical instruments; metronomes, tuning forks and pitch pipes of all kinds. - Other: - Other.

Strings made of sisal for percussion instruments. EPP Switzerland




440. 950720 Fish-hooks, whether or not snelled

Fishing rods, fish hooks, and other line fishing tackle, fish landing, etc.; parts and accessories thereof; other (specifically circle hooks)

RM United States

Japan Chinese Taipei 441. 960310 Brooms and brushes, consisting of twigs or other vegetable

materials bound together, with or without handles

S/H Waste collection equipment. OECD New Zealand

Japan Korea 442. 960350 Other brushes constituting parts of machines, appliances or

vehicles

S/H Waste collection equipment. OECD New Zealand

Brooms, brushes (including brushes constituting parts of machines, appliances or vehicles), hand-operated mechanical floor sweepers, not motorised, mops and feather dusters; prepared knots and tufts for broom or brush making; paint pads and rollers; squeegees

Mechanical floor sweepers Japan

Hand-operated mechanical floor sweepers, not motorised, mops Korea

443. 960390

Prepared knots and tufts for brooms or brush making

S/H

Used for maintaining a clean environment. Chinese Taipei

444. Not provided Rainwater catchment system WWM European

Communities

445. Not provided Fog and/or dew catcher. WWM European

Communities

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446. Not provided Chlorine dioxide generator. WWM Water disinfection European

Communities

447. Not provided

Wastewater treatment plant. Wastewater treatment unit, for individual use, and parts thereof WWM E.g. Used by households or services companies. A

specific tariff code could be provided European Communities

448. Not provided

Thermal treatment/Incineration systems recovering energy, equipped with filters for atmospheric emissions control S/H

Includes combustion, gasification and pyrolysis technologies. Includes systems for co-generation of heat and power.


449. Not provided

Biological treatment of organic waste, including production of biogas S/H Biological processes that convert organic matter into

biogas and steam/electricity. European Communities

450. Not provided Solar collector and solar system controller: Solar absorber. REP European

Communities

451. Not provided Solar collector and solar system controller: Insulation. REP European

Communities

452. Not provided

Solar collector and solar system controller: Temperature sensor. REP European

Communities

453. Not provided

Solar collector and solar system controller: Differential temperature controller. REP European

Communities

454. Not provided

Solar collector and solar system controller: Evacuated glass tubes. REP European

Communities

455. Not provided Solar collector and solar system controller: Heat pipes. REP European

Communities

456. Not provided PV system controller. REP European

Communities

457. Not provided Deep discharge (solar) battery. REP European

Communities

458. Not provided PV module mounting/frame. REP European

Communities

459. Not provided Heliostats, parabolic mirrors. REP European

Communities

460. Not provided Sun tracking mountings. REP European

Communities

461. Not provided Solar boiler (water heater). Parts thereof. REP European

Communities

462. Not provided

Parabolic mirrors for electricity production and parts thereof. REP European

Communities

463. Not provided Solar pumping system & parts thereof. REP European

Communities

464. Not provided Solar cooking system & parts thereof. REP European

Communities

465. Not provided

Portable solar power generation equipment and parts thereof. REP Composed of a solar PV generator and accumulators. European

Communities

466. Not provided Solar desalinisator and parts thereof. REP European

Communities

467. Not provided Wind turbine: Nacelle. REP European

Communities

468. Not provided Wind turbine: Wind turbine blade. REP European

Communities

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469. Not provided Wind turbine: Wind turbine gearbox. REP European

Communities

470. Not provided Wind powered pumping system. REP European

Communities

471. Not provided Wind powered pumping system: Nacelle. REP European

Communities

472. Not provided Wind powered pumping system: Wind turbine blade. REP European

Communities

473. Not provided Wind powered pumping system: Wind turbine gearbox. REP European

Communities

474. Not provided Wind powered pumping system: Wind turbine tower. REP European

Communities

475. Not provided Geothermal energy sensor system. REP European

Communities

476. Not provided Space aeration system, with heat recovery. REP European

Communities

477. Not provided

Products that have a label delivered by an ecolabelling organisation member of the Global Ecolabelling Network (GEN).

HEP

GEN labels are ISO "type I" eco-labelling schemes that meet the general requirements and principles of ISO 14024 (including objective and scientifically-based criteria that take into account the life-cycle of the product).


478. Not provided Fuel cell power plants* CT/P Environmental product used in technology Qatar

479. Not provided Residential fuel cells* CT/P Environmental product used in technology Qatar

480. Not provided Commercial fuel cells* CT/P Environmental product used in technology Qatar

* The Qatari submission provided the following information: Range of Increased Relative Conversion Efficiency (IRCE): 70%-85% (using waste heat). Significantly lower relative toxic pollutant emissions, toxic waste generation and negligible human health impact. Significantly lower GHG Emissions (CO2, CH4, N2O). Reference: US Dept. of Energy, IEA.

TN/TE/W/63 Page 78

ANNEX III LIST OF DOCUMENTS SUBMITTED BY MEMBERS UNDER PARAGRAPH 31(III)*

Symbol Date Subject/Title Member

TN/TE/W/6 6 June 2002 Environmental Goods New Zealand

TN/TE/W/8 9 July 2002 Negotiations on Environmental Goods United States

TN/TE/W/14 9 October 2002 Environmental Goods Qatar

TN/TE/W/17 (and Corr.1) 20 November 2002 Market Access for Non-Agricultural Products Japan

TN/TE/W/19 – TN/MA/W/24 (and Corr.1) 28 January 2003

Negotiations on Environmental Goods: Efficient, Lower-Carbon and Pollutant-Emitting Fuels and Technologies

Qatar

TN/TE/W/27 – TN/MA/W/33 25 April 2003 Harmonized System (HS) Classification Codes

of Gas-Related Goods Qatar

TN/TE/W/34 – TN/MA/W/18/Add.4 19 June 2003 Liberalizing Environmental Goods in the WTO:

Approaching the Definition Issue United States

TN/TE/W/38 – TN/MA/W/18/Add.5 7 July 2003 Contribution on an Environmental Goods

Modality United States

TN/TE/W/42 6 July 2004 Statement on Environmental Goods at the CTESS Meeting of 22 June 2004 China

TN/TE/W/44 (and Corr.1) 7 October 2004 Proposed Initial List of Environmental Goods Chinese Taipei

TN/TE/W/46 10 February 2005 Environmental Goods New Zealand

TN/TE/W/47 17 February 2005 Market Access for Environmental Goods European Communities

TN/TE/W/47/Add.1 27 June 2005 Market Access for Environmental Goods - Addendum European Communities

TN/TE/W/48 18 February 2005 Initial List of Environmental Goods Proposed Republic of Korea

TN/TE/W/49 26 May 2005 Environmental Goods New Zealand

TN/TE/W/49/Suppl.1 16 June 2005 Environmental Goods, Statement at the CTESS Informal Meeting of 10 June 2005 - Supplement New Zealand

TN/TE/W/50 2 June 2005 Canada's Initial List of Environmental Goods Canada

TN/TE/W/50/Suppl.1 1 July 2005 Canada's Initial List of Environmental Goods - Supplement Canada

TN/TE/W/51 3 June 2005 An Alternative Approach for Negotiations under Paragraph 31(iii) India

TN/TE/W/52 1 July 2005 Initial List of Environmental Goods United States

TN/TE/W/54 4 July 2005 Structural Dimensions of the Environmental Project Approach India

TN/TE/W/55 5 July 2005 Environmental Goods Cuba

TN/TE/W/56 5 July 2005 EC Submission on Environmental Goods European Communities

TN/TE/W/57 6 July 2005 Environmental Goods Switzerland

TN/TE/W/59 8 July 2005 Environmental Goods for Development Brazil

TN/TE/W/57/Corr.1 14 September 2005 Environmental Goods Switzerland

TN/TE/W/60 19 September 2005 Procedural and Technical Aspects of the Environmental Project Approach India

TN/TE/W/49/Rev.1 12 October 2005 Revised New Zealand Provisional List of Environmental Goods New Zealand

TN/TE/W/62 14 October 2005 Integrated Proposal on Environmental Goods for Development Argentina

__________

* The submissions containing lists of environmental goods are highlighted in grey.

WORLD TRADE


(05-5430)


FURTHER PROPOSAL ON ISSUES RELATING TO ARTICLE 6.9 OF THE ADA

Paper from Norway

The following communication, dated 16 November 2005, is being circulated at the request of the Delegation of Norway. The submitting delegation has requested that this paper, which was submitted to the Rules Negotiating Group as an informal document (JOB(05)/290), also be circulated as a formal document.

_______________

1. Introduction Members had a preliminary discussion on the major aspects of the due process and transparency paper submitted by Norway in TN/RL/GEN/49 during the Rules-session of September 2005. This was followed in October 2005 by an updated paper TN/RL/GEN/49/Add.1, that included proposed changes to aspects of Article 6 based on comments and proposed changes from other Members. In the original paper TN/RL/GEN/49, Norway invited members to further discuss how the rules in Article 6.9 on disclosure in the ADA could be improved. In this paper, we propose a new text for Article 6.9 with an accompanying explanation. The proposals for clarification and improvement to the ADA set out in this paper do not represent a final position. 2. Background on disclosure, Article 6.9 ADA Article 6.9 currently provides that: "The authorities shall, before a final determination is made, inform all interested parties of the

essential facts under consideration which form the basis for the decision whether to apply definitive measures. Such disclosure should take place in sufficient time for the parties to defend their interests."

Disclosure under Article 6.9 is currently not subject to any explicit procedural requirements in respect of timing or content. There are also different views on how this paragraph is to be interpreted. In its submission TN/RL/GEN/63, Turkey stated that the term “facts” in this provision covers all facts relating to the three core parameters of an investigation, i.e. the determinations of dumping, injury and the causal link. Turkey emphasized that the authorities should inform the interested parties of the factual considerations that form the basis for a decision. Norway agrees that the elements highlighted by Turkey are important. Taking these elements into account, Norway proposes further changes to Article 6.9 of the Antidumping Agreement in order to clarify and improve the rules on disclosure.

TN/RL/GEN/87 Page 2

Norway’s proposal does not rely on any particular interpretation of the current text of Article 6.9. Norway rather proposes to clarify the text of the disclosure requirements of Article 6.9 of the Antidumping Agreement. The proposal seeks to enhance due process in preliminary and final determinations. Furthermore, it seeks to ensure that interested parties are given a full opportunity to defend their interests. In this paper Norway proposes to include disclosure of essential facts prior to the imposition of any provisional measures. Secondly, Norway seeks to elaborate on the type and scope of essential facts and how the authorities have assessed them in a disclosure. Finally, Norway’s proposes a 20-day period for interested parties to comment, after the disclosure in order for them to defend their interest in accordance with Article 6.2. A. Disclosure of Essential Facts Prior to Imposition of Provisional Measures As it currently provides, Article 6.9 contains a disclosure requirement that is explicitly applicable only prior to the issuance of a final antidumping determination. Preliminary determinations (i.e., determinations made in connection with the imposition of provisional measures) are not explicitly covered by the provision. Norway submits that the due process rationale that requires disclosure in the context of final determinations applies equally to determinations justifying the imposition of provisional measures. These provisional measures are just as disruptive to the trade of importers and foreign producers as final antidumping measures. Moreover, they can remain in place for many months prior to the imposition of final antidumping measures. In the typical case, the provisional measures are simply the first stage in what becomes final antidumping determinations (although the amount of the duties can be different). Norway sees no basis for such different due process requirements in these two closely-related phases of an anti-dumping investigation. Norway proposes to rectify this imbalance by including preliminary determinations in the scope of Article 6.9 of the Antidumping Agreement. B. Clarification of Meaning of Essential Facts The requirement to disclose essential facts in Article 6.9 exists to provide interested parties the opportunity to “defend their interests.” Disclosure allows an interested party to see what evidence the authorities have examined, what information it will rely on and what information it will reject. Having access to these facts allows an interested party to address the factual basis of the authorities’ likely decision. In this respect, WTO jurisprudence has established that authorities are required to “provide a reasoned and adequate explanation as to (i) how the evidence on the record supported its factual findings; and (ii) how those factual findings supported the overall subsidy determination.”1 Furthermore, this jurisprudence requires investigating authorities to address alternative explanations that could reasonably be drawn from the essential facts.2 The requirement to provide a reasoned and adequate explanation is directly related to the scope of the disclosure requirement of Article 6.9. Disclosure of essential facts must be at a time prior to a determination and in sufficient time to allow interested parties to fully defend their interests. The phrase “defend their interests” in Article 6.9 indicates that an interested party needs to appreciate how the authorities will likely use the facts and the likely outcome of the determination. Therefore, the scope of the disclosure must reflect the scope of the explanation requirement that applies in a

1 Appellate Body Report, US – DRAMS, para. 186; Appellate Body Report, US – Lamb, para. 106.

The particular findings were made in the context of the SCM Agreement and the Safeguards Agreement respectively. The same reasoning applies under the Antidumping Agreement.

2 Ibid.

TN/RL/GEN/87 Page 3

determination. The proposal seeks to confirm the above mentioned requirements in the context of disclosure. Norway therefore proposes to specify that “essential facts” in the sense of Article 6.9 of the Antidumping Agreement shall encompass “all facts in the record of the investigation that tend to support or cast doubt upon the authorities' determinations of dumping, injury and causation.” Second, the investigating authority would be required to specifically identify all facts it will rely upon, irrespective of how it will rely on them. Also, the authorities must disclose information that is contrary to its likely determination. Finally, Norway proposes to clarify that disclosure also includes the authorities’ assessment of these facts. This confirms the interpretation panels already have given to this provision. In Argentina – Poultry (AD) the panel has found that Article 6.9 requires “positive action” and that “mere access to the file is not sufficient”.3 The panel in Guatemala – Cement II also found that mere access to the file is not sufficient unless the file contains a disclosure document specifically prepared by the authorities which clearly identifies the “essential facts”. 4 C. 20-Day Period to File Comments on the disclosure Norway suggests that a 20-day period for comments on the information disclosed according to Article 6.9 is both necessary and reasonable. Such a period also maintains a reasonable balance of conflicting interests. Given the volume of essential facts that exist in many investigations, it would normally take all interested parties at least this much time to digest the facts and assessments, and prepare comments and suggestions on how the investigating authorities should address the facts. A shorter period will deny interested parties the effective right to fully defend their interests in accordance with Article 6.2. However, a much longer period could interfere with the rights of the domestic industry that may be faced with dumped imports. The comments shall be taken into account by the authorities when issuing their determination, and shall be addressed in the reports published according to paragraph 2 of Article 12. 3. Conclusion Norway is aware of the fact that Members’ practices with regard to disclosure of information prior to an antidumping determination vary. The proposal takes these differences into account. It preserves the Members’ possibility maintain their own disclosure procedures while establishing some minimum requirements for disclosure of information. The Annex to this document contains a proposal on Article 6.9 of the Antidumping Agreement that takes these conceptual elements onboard.

3 Panel report, Argentina – Poultry (AD), para. 7.220. 4 Panel report, Guatemala – Cement, para. 8.230.

TN/RL/GEN/87 Page 4

ANNEX

Article 6.9 - Disclosure

6.9 The authorities shall, before a preliminary or final determination is made, inform all interested parties of the essential facts under consideration, including how the authorities will assess these facts which form the basis for the a decision whether to apply provisional or definitive measures1. Such disclosure shall should take place in sufficient time for the parties to defend their interests2.

__________

1 The disclosure of essential facts requires the specific identification by the authorities of all facts in the

record of the investigation that tend to support or cast doubt upon the determinations of dumping, injury and causation that will form the basis for a decision.

2 The interested parties shall have full opportunity to defend their interests in accordance with Article 6.2, and shall be allowed no less than [20] days to comment.



(05-5426)

Grupo de Negociación sobre las Normas Original: español

ACCESO A LA INFORMACIÓN

Documento presentado por México

La siguiente comunicación, de fecha16 de noviembre de 2005, se distribuye a petición de la delegación de México. La delegación de México ha pedido que este texto, que fue presentado al Grupo de Negociación sobre las Normas como documento informal (JOB(05)/288), se distribuya también como documento formal.

_______________ La propuesta que figura en el presente documento no representa una posición definitiva y podrá ser objeto de nuevas adiciones y/o modificaciones en el curso de las negociaciones. Asimismo, exhortamos a los demás Miembros a que proporcionen sus comentarios. Objetivo Establecer reglas más precisas que garanticen el derecho de las partes interesadas a acceder de manera oportuna a la información pública contenida en el expediente administrativo, así como a la información confidencial, siempre que se reúnan los requisitos que como resultado de esta negociación se establezcan en la legislación interna de los Miembros. Problema del texto actual del Acuerdo Antidumping El párrafo 4 del artículo 6 del Acuerdo Antidumping (AAD) establece que siempre que sea factible las autoridades investigadoras darán a las partes interesadas acceso a su debido tiempo a la información no confidencial para la presentación de sus argumentos. Sin embargo, no se prevé de qué forma se dará acceso (disponibilidad, temporalidad, entre otras) ni la posibilidad de acceder a la información clasificada como confidencial. Al respecto, consideramos que a fin de que las partes interesadas estén en posibilidad de defender sus intereses deben tener acceso “oportuno” a la información contenida en el expediente, de ser posible de manera inmediata a la presentación de dicha información. Para tal efecto, debe establecerse un mecanismo en todas las legislaciones nacionales de los Miembros que permita el acceso a la información pública contenida en el expediente administrativo, así por ejemplo que exista un índice de las versiones pública y confidencial de la información, así como la posibilidad de fotocopiar o respaldar en medios electrónicos la información pública. Por otra parte, el artículo 6.5 del AAD señala a manera de ejemplo lo que puede entenderse por información confidencial, así como el tratamiento que debe dársele por parte de las autoridades


investigadoras. En este sentido, consideramos importante definir de manera más precisa qué debe entenderse por información confidencial, al efecto proponemos incluir un nuevo párrafo al artículo 6 del AAD. Asimismo, consideramos que para garantizar el derecho de una plena defensa de exportadores, importadores y productores nacionales resulta importante establecer un mecanismo para que puedan acceder a la información confidencial contenida en el expediente, tanto para efectos de dumping como de daño y causalidad sobre todo de aquella información que no puede ser resumida, siempre que se reúnan los requisitos que la legislación nacional establezca. Para tal efecto, se propone incluir un párrafo adicional al artículo 6 del AAD en donde se establezca que entre los requisitos para acceder a dicha información debe firmarse un compromiso de confidencialidad por los representantes de las partes interesadas, en el que se prohíba el uso de la información para fines personales y/o para su difusión al público, así como la inclusión de sanciones para el caso de incumplimiento. De igual manera, resulta relevante considerar que en los procedimientos antidumping las empresas pueden presentar información que se caracteriza por un alto grado de confidencialidad, cuya divulgación resultaría en un daño patrimonial o financiero irreversible para el propietario de dicha información. Por tal motivo, es necesario definir tres tipos de información, a decir, no confidencial, confidencial y aquella que tiene un carácter reservado sólo para el conocimiento de la autoridad y, en consecuencia, establecer para esta última la prohibición de divulgarla, a fin de proteger los intereses de las partes que la suministren.


Propuesta de modificación: En el presente documento se toman en consideración propuestas y observaciones de otros Miembros.1

Propuesta de modificaciones al texto del Acuerdo Antidumping

(Las adiciones están sombreadas mientras que las supresiones se presentan tachadas.)

Artículo 6 - Pruebas 6.4 Las autoridades, siempre que sea factible, darán con prontitud a su debido tiempo a todas las partes interesadas que lo soliciten la oportunidad de examinar toda la información pertinente para la presentación de sus argumentos que no sea confidencial que forme parte del expediente administrativo,2 incluida la información confidencial conforme a los términos del párrafo 5, salvo la información reservada3 y que dichas autoridades utilicen en la investigación antidumping, y a fin de preparar su alegato sobre la base de esa información. 6.5 Toda información que, por su naturaleza, sea confidencial (por ejemplo, porque su divulgación implicaría una ventaja significativa para un competidor o tendría un efecto significativamente desfavorable para la persona que proporcione la información o para un tercero del que la haya recibido) o que las partes interesadas en una investigación antidumping faciliten con carácter confidencial será, previa justificación suficiente al respecto, tratada como tal por las autoridades. Dicha información no será revelada sin autorización expresa de la parte que la hay facilitado.4 6.5.1 Para efectos de las investigaciones antidumping se considerará información

confidencial, si con ese carácter es presentada por las partes interesadas, porque su revelación o difusión al público implicaría una ventaja significativa para un competidor o tendría un efecto significativamente desfavorable para la parte interesada que proporcione la información o para un tercero del que la haya recibido, la siguiente:

a) Los procesos de producción de la mercancía de que se trate; b) Los costos de producción y la identidad de los componentes; c) Los costos de distribución; d) Los términos y condiciones de venta, excepto los ofrecidos al público; e) Los precios de venta por transacción y por producto, excepto los componentes de los

precios, tales como fechas de venta y de distribución del producto; f) La descripción del tipo de clientes particulares, distribuidores o proveedores; g) En su caso, la cantidad exacta del margen de dumping en ventas individuales; 1 TN/RL/W/35, TN/RL/GEN/13, TN/RL/GEN/49, TN/RL/GEN/49/Add.1, TN/RL/W/147 y TN/RL/W/162. 2 El expediente administrativo se integrará por toda la información documental o de otra índole que se presente a la autoridad investigadora, o ésta obtenga, en el curso de una investigación antidumping o procedimiento de revisión, incluidas las comunicaciones gubernamentales clasificadas como públicas o confidenciales, las transcripciones o actas de reuniones y audiencias, resoluciones y avisos publicados en el diario oficial del Miembro importador. 3 La información reservada es aquélla tan delicada que su divulgación puede resultar en un daño patrimonial o financiero sustancial e irreversible para el propietario de dicha información, por ejemplo, las formulas secretas o procesos que tengan un valor comercial, no patentado y de conocimiento exclusivo de un reducido grupo de personas que los utilicen en la producción de un artículo de comercio. 4 Los Miembros son conscientes de que, en el territorio de algunos Miembros, podrá ser necesario revelar una información en cumplimiento de una providencia precautoria concebida en términos muy precisos.


h) El nombre de las personas físicas o morales de quien la parte interesada obtuvo información relevante, será del conocimiento exclusivo de la autoridad;

i) Los montos de los ajustes por concepto de términos y condiciones de venta, volumen o cantidades, costos variables y cargas impositivas propuestos por la parte interesada; y

j) Cualquier otra información específica de la empresa de que se trate, o aquélla que ésta proporcione de empresas relacionadas, subsidiarias, proveedores, clientes o distribuidores.

6.5.12 Las autoridades sólo podrán utilizar información confidencial que faciliten las partes

interesadas si la misma está acompañada de exigirán a las partes interesadas que faciliten información confidencial que suministren una versión pública del documento que contenga información confidencial. La versión pública será idéntica a la versión que contenga la información confidencial, con la salvedad de que esta información confidencial se suprimirá y será sustituida por un resumen no confidencial de la misma. Tales resúmenes serán lo suficientemente detallados para permitir una comprensión razonable del contenido sustancial de la información facilitada con carácter confidencial. En circunstancias excepcionales, esas partes podrán señalar que dicha información no puede ser resumida. En tales circunstancias excepcionales, deberán exponer las razones por las que no es posible resumirla.

6.5.23 Si las autoridades concluyen que una petición de que se considere confidencial una

información no está justificada, y si la persona parte interesada que la haya proporcionado no quiere hacerla pública ni autorizar su divulgación en términos generales o resumidos, las autoridades podrán no tener en cuenta esa información, a menos que se les demuestre de manera convincente, de fuente apropiada, que la información es correcta.5

6.5.4 Las autoridades pondrán a disposición de las partes interesadas un índice del

expediente administrativo, con inclusión de una lista de los documentos no divulgados por motivos de confidencialidad. Las autoridades fijarán un lugar donde se depositará la información de manera inmediata después de su recepción y al que todas las partes interesadas tendrán libre acceso, a fin de examinar o fotocopiar la información no confidencial.

6.5.45 Las autoridades establecerán un mecanismo que otorgue acceso oportuno a los

representantes de las partes interesadas a la información confidencial contenida en el expediente administrativo, siempre que se reúnan los requisitos que la legislación interna establezca.6 Para tal efecto, los representantes se sujetarán a un compromiso de confidencialidad en el que se prohíba estrictamente el uso de la información para beneficio personal y su difusión entre personas que no estén autorizadas a conocerla. Las autoridades establecerán sanciones específicas para las infracciones contra los compromisos adoptados por los representantes de las partes interesadas.

_________

5 Los Miembros acuerdan que no deberán rechazarse arbitrariamente las peticiones de que se considere

confidencial una información. 6 Cada Miembro adoptará todas las medidas necesarias, de carácter general y/o particular, para asegurarse de que, a más tardar en la fecha en que entren en vigor las modificaciones al Acuerdo relativo a la Aplicación del Artículo VI del Acuerdo General sobre Aranceles Aduaneros y Comercio de 1994, sus leyes, reglamentos y procedimientos administrativos establezcan los requisitos y procedimientos que garanticen el acceso oportuno a la información confidencial contenida en el expediente.

. /.

WORLD TRADE


(05-5436)


ACCESS TO NON-CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION

Paper from the United States The following communication, dated 16 November 2005, is being circulated at the request of the Delegation of the United Sates. The submitting delegation has requested that this paper, which was submitted to the Rules Negotiating Group as an informal document (JOB(05)/293), also be circulated as a formal document.

_______________

All Members of the WTO will benefit by ensuring that the public can access non-confidential information gathered by investigating authorities in antidumping and countervailing duty proceedings. Public access to information is essential to maximizing transparency, consistency and predictability in such proceedings. Therefore, Article 6 of the Anti-Dumping Agreement (ADA) and Article 12 of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (ASCM) should be clarified and improved to guarantee the public access to that information. There are many reasons members of the public have an interest in accessing the non-confidential information gathered in antidumping and countervailing duty investigations. Most importantly, exporters, producers and importers have a legitimate need to: (1) research how proceedings are conducted so that they can better prepare for proceedings in which they may be involved; (2) examine how similarly situated parties in other cases have been treated; and (3) generally, be able to defend fully their interests in the course of particular proceedings. However, exporters, producers and importers are not the only parties with a legitimate interest in accessing the non-confidential information. As already recognized by Article 6.12 of the ADA and Article 12.10 of the ASCM, industrial users and consumers have legitimate interests in trade remedy proceedings; their ability to participate under those provisions is severely curtailed if they do not have access to non-confidential information. Further, civil society, academics and other members of the public have important interests in being permitted to access non-confidential information in trade remedy proceedings to better understand the policies adopted by Member governments. Creating a system of publicly accessible files is also in the interest of Members and their authorities. Providing access to the relevant documents increases public confidence in the functioning of the investigating authority, which strengthens the ability of the government to enforce its determinations. Further, making such information available to the public, which obviously includes administrators from other countries, allows other Members to benefit from the national experience of the investigating Member in addressing similar issues in their own cases. Moreover, maintenance of a well-organized non-confidential file also ensures the availability of a complete evidentiary record to support final determinations that may be reviewable in domestic judicial processes or other dispute settlement proceedings, and will reduce disagreements about what information was before the authorities in a particular proceeding.

TN/RL/GEN/90 Page 2

In the view of the United States, the public can be given access to non-confidential documents in a manner which does not harm the integrity of the investigatory process, and does not impose unreasonable burdens on trade remedy authorities. First, the ADA and ASCM protect any information which is “by nature confidential,” or which is “provided on a confidential basis.”1 Second, rules can be devised to ensure orderly access to the information, without unduly restricting such access. Third, rules can be devised to avoid imposing unnecessary costs on authorities for providing access. The United States proposes amending Article 6 of the ADA and Article 12 of the ASCM by adding the following:

6.15 [12.13] Members shall maintain a facility, open for a specified, reasonable period during normal working hours, where any person can, without charge or appointment, review all non-confidential documents submitted to or obtained by the authority in an anti-dumping [countervailing duty] proceeding. Such documents shall be organized in a manner easily accessible to any person visiting such facility, and a complete index of documents in the possession of the authority shall be available to that person to facilitate the identification and location of particular documents in the file. It is desirable that such documents and indices also be available over the Internet. Members shall also make available in this facility a file of all public notices, in chronological order, issued pursuant to Article 12 [22], as well as copies of any documents submitted to the Committee on Anti-Dumping Practices pursuant to Article 16.4 [Committee on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures pursuant to Article 25.11] of this Agreement. Members shall permit any non-confidential document in the facility to be copied at the reasonable expense of the person accessing it.2 Members shall notify the Committee on Anti-Dumping Practices [Committee on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures] of the location, opening hours, and the name and contact information of a person responsible for facilitating access to the facility.

__________

1 See Articles 6.5 of the ADA and 12.4 of the ASCM. 2 The United States is open to discussing the definition of “reasonable expense,” but suggests that the

expense to the person accessing and copying the document should be no greater than the cost incurred by the authority to provide the copy.

./.



(05-5435)


EXÁMENES DE NUEVOS EXPORTADORES (Párrafo 5 del artículo 9 del Acuerdo Antidumping)

Documento presentado por los Estados Unidos

La siguiente comunicación, de fecha 16 de noviembre de 2005, se distribuye a petición de la delegación de los Estados Unidos.

La delegación de los Estados Unidos ha pedido que este documento, que fue presentado al Grupo de Negociación sobre las Normas como documento informal (JOB(05)/294), se distribuya también como documento formal.

_______________

Los Estados Unidos y otros Miembros han sugerido anteriormente que el Grupo de Negociación sobre las Normas estudie aclaraciones y mejoras del párrafo 5 del artículo 9 del Acuerdo Antidumping para asegurar la utilización y la aplicación correctas del procedimiento de "nuevos exportadores" en los procedimientos antidumping.1 A nuestro juicio, el objetivo del párrafo 5 del artículo 9 era establecer un equilibrio entre las necesidades de los nuevos exportadores legítimos y las necesidades de las ramas de producción nacionales que han sufrido daño, para garantizar que las órdenes antidumping sigan siendo eficaces, teniendo también en cuenta la necesidad de una administración eficaz de este procedimiento. Sin embargo, según nuestra experiencia, cada vez hay más casos de abuso por parte de exportadores que no tienen motivos legítimos para ser considerados nuevos exportadores.

Como indicamos anteriormente en los documentos TN/RL/W/72 y TN/RL/GEN/11, en los Estados Unidos ha habido varios casos en que las partes solicitaban exámenes en virtud del párrafo 5 del artículo 9 sin revelar su relación con empresas que ya estaban sujetas a una medida. De esta manera, las partes han conseguido demorar la percepción de derechos antidumping a los que deberían estar sujetas.

No redunda en el interés de ningún Miembro permitir que esas prácticas continúen. No sólo socavan la eficacia del Acuerdo Antidumping, sino que también perjudican los intereses de nuevos exportadores legítimos al desviar los recursos de las autoridades. A juicio de los Estados Unidos, la mejor manera de evitar esos abusos es exigir que las partes demuestren que no están vinculadas a ninguna de las partes que actualmente son objeto de derechos y que han participado en ventas de buena fe al Miembro importador. Los nuevos exportadores legítimos que tengan una conexión jurídica u operacional escasa con sus competidores deberían tener pocos problemas para cumplir este requisito sobre la base de información que esté a disposición del público.

1 Documentos TN/RL/W/72, de 19 de marzo de 2003; TN/RL/W/110, de 22 de mayo de 2003; véase

asimismo el documento TN/RL/W/81, de 23 de abril de 2003.

WORLD TRADE


(05-5422)

Negotiating Group on Rules Original: English/ French

PUBLIC INTEREST

Paper from Canada The following communication, dated 16 November 2005, is being circulated at the request of the Delegation of Canada. The submitting delegation has requested that this paper, which was submitted to the Rules Negotiating Group as an informal document (JOB(05)/287), also be circulated as a formal document.

_______________

Members will recall that in TN/RL/W/1, and subsequently in TN/RL/W/47, Canada suggested that, among the areas that would benefit from clarification, are rules/disciplines pertaining to the consideration of the broader public interest in anti-dumping and countervail investigations. Indeed, the WTO already establishes a basis for progress on this front.1 Canada has since had the benefit of TN/RL/W/174/Rev.1 and JOB(05)/136 and related discussions. In this regard, Canada shares much common ground with Hong Kong China and the other co-sponsors of those papers Guiding Principles In Canada’s view, the crafting of more effective public interest provisions in the Anti-Dumping Agreement (ADA) and the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (ASCM) must reflect certain basic guiding principles, notably: (i) that any new obligations on public interest afford sufficient flexibility as to the method of

their implementation so as to accommodate the different approaches of Members to this issue and the domestic legal systems of Members; and

1 Paragraph 19.2 of the WTO ASCM provides, in part, as follows:

19.2 …It is desirable that…procedures should be established which would allow the authorities concerned to take due account of representations made by domestic interested parties whose interests might be adversely affected by the imposition of a countervailing duty.

For the purposes of this paragraph, footnote 50 defines the term “domestic interested parties” to include consumers and industrial users of the imported product subject to investigation.

Article 6.12 of the WTO Agreement on Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 also recognizes that there may be other domestic interested parties (i.e., industrial users and consumers) in an anti-dumping investigation.

TN/RL/GEN/85 Page 2 (ii) that domestic public interest decisions, as the sovereign prerogative of each Member, be

recognised as falling outside the reach of WTO dispute settlement proceedings.2 In Canada’s view, there are several ways in which a Member could implement a public interest mechanism into its domestic law. While JOB(05)/136 proposed one of these ways, which would require that relevant persons be afforded the opportunity to comment as soon as they are able to provide meaningful comments (including before details of definitive measures are known), we believe that a sequential process can be used just as effectively. Such a process, for example, would allow a separate and self-contained public interest inquiry to be conducted after a final determination has established the basis for the application of definitive anti-dumping/countervailing duties. In Canada’s experience, a sequential inquiry, which focuses exclusively on public interest issues, lends itself to a thorough and informed consideration of the matter. Thus, while Canada supports strengthened public interest provisions, it does not believe that it is necessary to prescribe the precise modalities for the implementation of these provisions into the domestic law of Members. Text Proposal 1. Amend the ADA by adding the following to the end of Article 9.1:

9.1bis - Each Member shall establish appropriate procedures in its law to allow its authorities to inquire into whether the imposition of an anti-dumping duty or the imposition of such a duty in the full amount would not be in the public interest. These procedures shall require the authorities to take due account of representations made by any domestic party whose interests may be affected by the imposition of the anti-dumping duty, including, but not limited to, industrial users of the product under consideration, representative consumer organizations, and the domestic competition law authorities of the Member. In conducting such an inquiry, the authority concerned should consider all relevant information, including those factors set out in Annex III to this Agreement.3 As a result of any such inquiry, the authorities may decide to eliminate or reduce the level of duties that would otherwise be applied. For greater clarity, public interest decisions cannot give rise to claims of violation under the DSU.

2. Add an Annex III to the ADA as follows:

- Annex III - For the purposes of Article 9:1bis, factors that should be considered include: (a) whether products like the product under consideration are readily available from sources to

which the measure does not apply; (b) whether imposition of an anti-dumping duty in the full amount

2 Canada agrees with the view expressed by Hong Kong, China and the other co-sponsors of

JOB(05)/136 that any new provisions on public interest must not try to prescribe what is or is not in the importing Member’s economic interest and that this decision must be left to the importing Member concerned.

3 Like the proponents in JOB(05)/136, Canada considers that information pertaining to public interest decisions should be disclosed under Article 12 of the ADA and Article 22 of the ASCM and that this could be taken up in the context of other improvements to these Articles.

TN/RL/GEN/85 Page 3 (i) has eliminated or substantially lessened or is likely to eliminate or substantially lessen

competition in the domestic market in respect of products, (ii) has caused or is likely to cause significant damage to domestic producers that use the

products as inputs in the production of other products and in the provision of services, (iii) has significantly impaired or is likely to significantly impair competitiveness by (A) limiting access to products that are used as inputs in the production of other

products and in the provision of services, or (B) limiting access to technology, or (iv) has significantly restricted or is likely to significantly restrict the choice or availability

of products at competitive prices for consumers or has otherwise caused or is otherwise likely to cause them significant harm;

(c) whether non-imposition of an anti-dumping duty or the non-imposition of such a duty in the

full amount is likely to cause significant damage to domestic producers of inputs, including primary commodities, used in the domestic manufacture or production of like products; and

(d) any other factors that are relevant in the circumstances. 3. Amend Article 19.2 of the ASCM in the same manner.

* * *

Canada reserves its right to make further submissions on this issue.

__________



(05-5420)


PROPUESTA ADICIONAL SOBRE LA TRANSPARENCIA DE CONFORMIDAD CON EL ARTÍCULO 12 DEL

ACUERDO ANTIDUMPING1

Documento presentado por Hong Kong, China

La siguiente comunicación, de fecha 16 de noviembre de 2005, se distribuye a petición de la delegación de Hong Kong, China.

La delegación de Hong Kong, China ha pedido que este documento, que fue presentado al Grupo de Negociación sobre las Normas como documento informal (JOB(05)/286), se distribuya también como documento formal.

_______________

Hong Kong, China acoge con satisfacción la comunicación presentada por la delegación de Noruega titulada "Propuesta sobre cuestiones relacionadas con las pruebas, los avisos públicos y la explicación de las determinaciones con arreglo a los artículos 6 y 12 del Acuerdo Antidumping" (TN/RL/GEN/49), y el documento que presentó posteriormente, titulado "Nueva propuesta sobre cuestiones relativas al artículo 6 del Acuerdo Antidumping" (TN/RL/GEN/49/Add.1). Hong Kong, China comparte la opinión de que la transparencia y el debido proceso son sumamente importantes para asegurar la realización adecuada de las investigaciones antidumping. Hong Kong, China considera que los proyectos de texto que figuran en los documentos de Noruega ofrecen una buena base para que los Miembros trabajen en mejoras significativas sobre la transparencia y el debido proceso con arreglo a los artículos 6 y 12.

Con respecto al artículo 12, Hong Kong, China celebra las mejoras sugeridas por Noruega y considera que la lista de la información que debe especificarse en los avisos públicos de iniciación y en las determinaciones preliminares y definitivas se puede revisar y seguir desarrollando en el curso de las negociaciones. Aparte de esas mejoras, Hong Kong, China opina que el Grupo podría estudiar también una cuestión importante que no se aborda actualmente en el artículo 12, a saber, la necesidad de transparencia de las medidas antidumping que se encuentran actualmente en vigor en el Miembro importador. Hong Kong, China considera que una mejora integral del artículo 12 debería abordar también este aspecto importante. A este respecto, Hong Kong, China considera que se debería exigir que el Miembro importador mantenga un registro público de todas las medidas antidumping definitivas que estén

1 La propuesta que figura en el presente documento no representa una posición definitiva y podrá ser objeto de nuevas adiciones y/o modificaciones en el curso de las negociaciones. Las demás disposiciones del Acuerdo Antidumping que podrían verse afectadas por la propuesta podrán ser examinadas en las últimas etapas de las negociaciones, cuando los Miembros tengan un panorama más completo del Acuerdo modificado.


actualmente en vigor en dicho Miembro y en el que se expongan detalles pertinentes de las medidas en cuestión. Ese registro daría una útil perspectiva general de todas las medidas antidumping que estén actualmente en vigor en un Miembro importador y mejoraría la transparencia para el público en general de la utilización de medidas antidumping en ese Miembro, en pro de los objetivos de buen gobierno y responsabilidad pública. Propuesta de texto Añadir un nuevo párrafo 4 al artículo 12: "12.4 Las autoridades mantendrán un registro público de todas las medidas antidumping

definitivas que estén actualmente en vigor en ese Miembro. El registro contendrá la información siguiente respecto de cada una de las medidas antidumping de que se trate:

i) la fecha de imposición de la medida antidumping y del examen o exámenes

posteriores2;

ii) el producto en cuestión (con inclusión de su clasificación arancelaria a efectos aduaneros);

iii) el tamaño3 de la rama de producción nacional;

iv) el volumen o el valor total de la producción del producto similar4 por la rama de

producción nacional, y la parte del consumo interno del producto similar, correspondientes al ejercicio civil o financiero más reciente;

v) el país o países exportadores interesados;

vi) respecto de cada país exportador interesado, el intervalo (es decir, el máximo y el

mínimo) del derecho antidumping individual actualmente en vigor y el derecho aplicable a "todos los demás" exportadores de conformidad con el párrafo 4 del artículo 95;

2 Cuando la medida es objeto de un examen en curso, el tipo de examen y la fecha de iniciación; si se

pone fin a la medida durante el período de información, la fecha de terminación. 3 Es decir, el número real o estimado de productores y empleados en el momento de la iniciación, o

cifras más recientes si se dispone de ellas. La información deberá basarse en fuentes oficiales u otras fuentes independientes identificadas. En caso de que no se disponga de esas fuentes, la información podrá basarse en las mejores estimaciones.

4 O la categoría más reducida de productos que incluya el producto similar respecto a la cual se

mantengan estadísticas. 5 i) En el caso de Miembros que utilizan un sistema de precios mínimos, la información que deberá

facilitarse se refiere a los márgenes pertinentes de dumping establecidos en el momento de la investigación inicial, o a los establecidos en el examen más reciente que conlleve un ajuste del valor normal.

ii) Cuando es aplicable un derecho inferior, la información que ha de facilitarse se refiere a la tasa reducida del derecho antidumping.

iii) Cuando se suspende el derecho, deberá indicarse la fecha y duración de la suspensión.


vii) el volumen o el valor total de las importaciones del producto de que se trate6 procedentes de cada país exportador interesado, y la parte del consumo interno del producto similar en el Miembro importador, correspondientes al ejercicio civil o financiero más reciente."

El registro público podrá mantenerse en un sitio Web público del gobierno del Miembro

importador. Alternativamente, el registro se pondrá a disposición del público para que pueda consultarlo y todo su contenido se publicará en un aviso público al menos una vez al año. Modificación consiguiente del párrafo 3 del artículo 12: "12.3 Las disposiciones de los párrafos 1 y 2 del presente artículo se aplicarán mutatis

mutandis a la iniciación y terminación de los exámenes previstos en el artículo 11 y a las decisiones de aplicación de derechos con efecto retroactivo previstas en el artículo 10."

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6 O la categoría más reducida de productos que incluya el producto en cuestión respecto a la cual se

mantengan estadísticas.


Como se sugiere en el documento TN/RL/GEN/11, los Estados Unidos también proponen eliminar el requisito de que los exámenes de nuevos exportadores se inicien y realicen de forma acelerada en comparación con los procedimientos normales de fijación de derechos y de examen. En primer lugar, no está claro el sentido de este requisito en su aplicación a Miembros que realizan exámenes únicamente de forma intermitente. Además, en el caso de los Estados Unidos, este requisito ha dado lugar a una serie de exámenes "fuera de ciclo" que imponen importantes cargas administrativas. La finalidad de este cambio no es demorar los exámenes, sino permitir que su realización sea más ordenada. A este respecto, los Estados Unidos están dispuestos a examinar propuestas para exigir la realización de los exámenes de nuevos exportadores en el mismo ciclo que los demás exámenes, así como propuestas para establecer plazos adecuados para la terminación de los exámenes.

Modificaciones propuestas:

9.5 Si un producto es objeto de derechos antidumping en un Miembro importador, las autoridades llevarán a cabo con prontitud un examen para determinar los márgenes individuales de dumping que puedan corresponder a los exportadores o productores del país exportador en cuestión que no hayan exportado ese producto al Miembro importador durante el período objeto de investigación, a condición de que dichos exportadores o productores puedan demostrar que no están vinculados a ninguno de los exportadores o productores del país exportador que son objeto de derechos antidumping sobre el producto. Ese examen se iniciará y realizará de forma acelerada en comparación con los procedimientos normales de fijación de derechos y de examen en el Miembro importador. En un plazo de [X] meses contados desde la iniciación de ese examen, la autoridad formulará una determinación preliminar acerca de si el exportador o productor ha demostrado que no está vinculado a ninguno de los exportadores o productores del país exportador que son objeto de derechos antidumping sobre el producto y ha demostrado que ha participado en ventas comerciales de buena fe al Miembro importador (examinando factores tales como cantidades comerciales normales, canales y métodos de distribución y los plazos, precios, condiciones y proceso de las ventas). Si la autoridad determina que los exportadores o productores lo han demostrado, Mientras se esté procediendo al examen no se percibirán derechos antidumping sobre las importaciones procedentes de esos exportadores o productores durante el resto del examen. No obstante, las autoridades podrán suspender la valoración en aduana y/o solicitar garantías para asegurarse de que, si ese examen condujera a una determinación de existencia de dumping con respecto a tales productores o exportadores, podrán percibirse derechos antidumping con efecto retroactivo desde la fecha de iniciación del examen.

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