Tipos de Acero en la Construcción

8/18/2019 Tipos de Acero en la Construcción

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ACERO

José Duvan Franco Hoyos908931


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¿ QUE ES EL ACERO ?

E ac!ro !s una a !ac"#n $%!&c a' (! )"!rro y car*ono+ concon,!n"(o !n és,! - ,"%o (! !n,r! ! 0+. y ! / + !ro,a%*"én u!(! con,!n!r o,ros %!,a !s !n !2u! a

ro orc"#n+ co%o n42u! $5"'+ %an6an!so $7n'+ cro%o $Cr'+vana("o $ ' o o :ra%"o $;'+ 2u! ! con:"!r!n ro "!(a(!s

!cu "ar!s<

¿ QUE ES EL H=ERRO ?E H"!rro !s un %!,a 2u! co%!rc"a %!n,! no s! r!s!n,a !n:or%a ura+ ! )"!rro s! o*,"!n! (! %"n!ra !s so%!,"(os a"n,!nso ca or !n un )orno roc!so 2u! s! ! (!no%"na Fun("c"#n


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!n,a>as (! ac!ro co%o%a,!r"a !s,ruc,ura

A ,a r!s"s,!nc"a La a ,a r!s"s,!nc"a (! ac!ro or un"(a((! !so "% "ca 2u! s!r@ oco ! !so (! as!s,ruc,uras+ !s,o !s (! 6ran "% or,anc"a !n ara !("s! o (! v"6as (! 6ran(!s c aros<

Un":or%"(a( Las ro "!(a(!s (! ac!ro no ca%*"ana r!c"a* !%!n,! con ! ,"!% o co%o !s ! caso (! as!s,ruc,uras (! concr!,o r!:or&a(o<

Dura*" "(a(S" ! %an,!n"%"!n,o (! as !s,ruc,uras (!ac!ro !s a(!cua(o (uraran "n(!:"n"(a%!n,!<

Duc," "(a( La (uc," "(a( !s a ro "!(a( 2u! ,"!n! un%a,!r"a (! so or,ar 6ran(!s (!:or%ac"on!s s"n :a ar*a>o a ,os !s:u!r&os (! ,!ns"#n< La na,ura !&a (-c," (!

os ac!ros !s,ruc,ura !s co%un!s !s !r%",! : u"roca %!n,!+ !v",an(o as4 :a as r!%a,uras


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!nac"(a( Los ac!ros !s,ruc,ura !s son ,!nac!s+ !s (!c"r+os!!n r!s"s,!nc"a y (uc," "(a(< La ro "!(a( (! un %a,!r"aara a*sor*!r !n!r64a !n 6ran(!s can,"(a(!s s! (!no%"na

,!nac"(a(<

O,ras v!n,a>as "% or,an,!s (! ac!ro !s,ruc,ura son

Bran :ac" "(a( ara un"r ("v!rsos %"!%*ros or %!("o (! var"os," os (! con!c,or!s co%o son a so (a(ura+ os ,orn" os y osr!%ac)!s<

os"*" "(a( (! r!:a*r"car os %"!%*ros (! una !s,ruc,ura<

Ra "(!& (! %on,a>!<

Bran ca ac"(a( (! a%"nars! y !n 6ran can,"(a( (! ,a%a os y:or%as<

R!s"s,!nc"a a a :a,"6a 2u! ! concr!,o<

os"* ! r!u," "&ac"#n (!s ués (! (!s%on,ar una !s,ruc,ura


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D!sv!n,a>as (! ac!ro co%o

%a,!r"a !s,ruc,uraCos,o (! %an,!n"%"!n,o La %ayor ar,! (! os ac!rosson susc! ,"* !s a a corros"#n a !s,ar ! u!s,os aa6ua y a a"r! y+ or cons"6u"!n,!+ (!*!n "n,ars!

!r"#("ca%!n,!<Cos,o (! a ro,!cc"#n con,ra ! :u!6o Aun2u! a 6unos%"!%*ros !s,ruc,ura !s son "nco%*us,"* !s+ susr!s"s,!nc"as s! r!(uc!n cons"(!ra* !%!n,! (uran,! os"nc!n("os

Susc! ,"*" "(a( a an(!o Es (!c"r !n,r! %@s !s*! ,oss!an os %"!%*ros a co% r!s"#n+ %ayor !s ! ! "6ro (!an(!o


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ERF=LESLas *arras 2u! co% on!n as !s,ruc,uras s! :a*r"can !n (":!r!n,!s :or%as+a a s!cc"#n ,ransv!rsa !r !n("cu ar a !>! on6",u("na s! ! (!no%"na

!r:" <

D! !n("!n(o (! %a,!r"a (! 2u! !s,@ cons,ru"(a a *arra+ a o*,!nc"#n(! un (!,!r%"na(o !r:" s! r!a "&ar@ or un roc!("%"!n,o u o,ro<

En as *arras %!,@ "cas os roc!sos %@s usa(os ara a o*,!nc"#n (!!r:" !s son

7!("an,! un %o (! cons"s,! !n a :a*r"cac"#n (! un %o (! $(! ac!ro+!scayo a+ (! c!ra !,c'+ so*r! ! 2u! s! v"!r,! ! %a,!r"a a 2u! s! ! va a(ar :or%a< S! u," "&a or !>!% o ara a :a*r"cac"#n (! r!:a*r"ca(os (!)or%"6#n+ :un("c"on!s+ !,c<


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ERF=LES

La%"nac"#ncons"s,!n,! !n )ac!r asar a %a,!r"a *as! $ac!ro+ a u%"n"o'or una s!r"! (! ro(" os 2u! "r@n oco a oco (@n(o ! a :or%a a ro "a(a<ara :ac" ",ar ! roc!so+ s! ca "!n,an os %!,a !s+ (! :or%a 2u! s!an %@s

%a !a* !s< 7!("an,! a a%"nac"#n s! cons"6u!n "!&as co%o anc)as+v"6as+ r!(on(os+ ,rav"!sas+ !,c<

E ,rus"#n! %!,a ! ,rus"ona(o ,"!n! 2u! s!r :@c" %!n,! %a !a* !+ (!:or%a 2u! s! ! !% u>a a ,ravés (! un or":"c"o 2u! ,"!n! a :or%a (!

!r:" 2u! 2u!r!%os o*,!n!r<


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Los ro(uc,os co%!rc"a !s (! )"!rro y

ac!ro %@s conoc"(os son

H"!rros a%"na(os o a as,rosC)a as o @%"nas "sas yon(u a(as+ c)a as !s,r"a(as y !r:ora(as+ )"!rros anos<

u!(!n s!r (! ("v!rsos anc)os y 6rosor!s<arras H"!rros r!(on(os+ cua(ra(os+ )! a6ona !s+

a a%*r!s+ y o,ros+ 2u! u!(!n s!r 6ru!sos+ %!("anos o(! 6a(os<

H"!rros !r:" a(osAn6u ar!s+ y !n :or%as cuya s!cc"#nas!%!>a a + =+ L+ C+ U y o,ros !r:" !s ara usos !s !c4:"cos<

H!rra>!s "!&as (! ("v!rso ,a%a o+ :or%a y uso+ ,a !s co%oc avos+ aran(! as+ ,orn" os+ ,u!rcas+ *"sa6ras+ )a a(!ras y%uc)os o,ros<


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!ro no son as -n"cas+ u!s ,!n!%os !n ! %!rca(o unaa% "a var"!(a( (! !r:" !s+ @n6u os+ a,"nas+ c)a as+ !,c


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FOR7AS 7AS CO7U5ES


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=BAS H $ ERF=LES ;'

USOS:

En a :a*r"cac"#n (! ! !%!n,os !s,ruc,ura !s co%o v"6as+ co u%nas+c"%*ras %!,@ "cas+ !,c< a%*"én u," "&a(as !n a :a*r"cac"#n (!!s,ruc,uras %!,@ "cas ara !(":"cac"on!s+ u!n,!s+ *arcos+ a %ac!n!s+!,c<


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=BAS = $FOR7AS S'

USOS

B!n!ra %!n,! (! usan !n !n,r! "so %!,@ "co !n :or%a (! ("a:ra6%a aracu*r"r c aros r! a,"va%!n,! 6ran(!s<


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CA5AL U $FOR7AS C'

USOSA "6ua 2u! as :or%as S s! u," "&an !s !c"a %!n,! !n!n,r! "sos

D!s"6nac"#n C A ,ura no%"na G !so !n * "!


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I5BULOS

USOS

Fa*r"cac"#n (! ! !%!n,os !s,ruc,ura !s co%o >o"s,+ co u%nas y v"6asD!s"6nac"#n L a%a o a !,a G ,a%a o a !,a G !s !sor


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U5=O5ES

Con os !r:" !s 2u! )!%os v"s,o+ s! r!a "&an as !s,ruc,uras%!,@ "cas+ ara ! o !s n!c!sar"o r!a "&ar una s!r"! (! un"on!s

!n,r! os (":!r!n,!s ! !%!n,os< as un"on!s s! r!a "&annor%a %!n,! or so (a(ura+ aun2u! ,a%*"én s! r!a "&ana 6unas %!("an,! ,orn" os y ,u!rcas y %!("an,! r!%ac)!s<

CO5EG=O5ES DE COR ELas con! "on!s con @n6u os s"% !s ,"!n(!n a ,!n!r %!norca ac"(a( (! car6a 2u! as con! "on!s con (o* ! @n6u o<Aun2u! as con! "on!s con anc)as (! cor,! son %as!con#%"cas+ su a "cac"#n (!*! s!r !va ua(a cu"(a(osa%!n,!


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A ER5ADAS

Con (o* ! @n6u o a !rna(o !n ,a !r a a %a (! a v"6a ya !rna(o !n o*ra a a %a (! a co u%na<Es,a con! "#n !s a "ca* ! ,an,o ara con! "on!s v"6a co u%na

co%o ara con! "on!s (! $s!cun(ar"a' a v"6a $ r"nc" a '< S!,ra,a (! una con! "#n (! cor,! ca(a v!& 2u! os @n6u os s!:">an a a %a (! a v"6a y ,rans:"!r!n a :u!r&a (! cor,!


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RE7ACHES

Cons"s,! !n un"r (! :or%a !r%an!n,! (os o %@s "!&as+)ac"!n(o asar or un or":"c"o un %!,a !n :or%a (!c)av!,a c" 4n(r"ca+ 2u! !s os,!r"or%!n,! (!:or%a(o


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LOS RE7ACHESE !%!n,o (! :">ac"#n (! a ,a r!s"s,!nc"a+ ara acc!so or una so a

cara y ("s! a(o ara usar !n a "cac"on!s !s,ruc,ura !s con a ,ascar6as


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Planos y dibujos

S! ! a*orar@n anos (! anc as+ (! :a*r"cac"#n y (!%on,a>!< En os anos (! anc as s! "n("car@n ,o(os os! !%!n,os 2u! (!*!n 2u!(ar a)o6a(os !n a c"%!n,ac"#n o!n a !s,ruc,ura (! concr!,o !n a 2u! s! a oy! a!s,ruc,ura %!,@ "ca+ y 2u! son n!c!sar"os ara ,rans%","r

as acc"on!s 2u! ca(a una (! ! as !>!rc! so*r! a o,ra<En os anos (! :a*r"cac"#n $,a%*"én conoc"(os co%o

anos (! ,a !r o (! (!,a !' s! ro orc"onar@ ,o(a a"n:or%ac"#n n!c!sar"a ara a !>!cuc"#n (! a !s,ruc,ura !n

! ,a !r+ y !n os (! %on,a>! s! "n("car@ a os"c"#n (! os("v!rsos ! !%!n,os 2u! co% on!n a !s,ruc,ura y s!s! a ar@n as >un,as (! ca% o !n,r! ! os+ con "n("cac"on!s

r!c"sas ara su ! a*orac"#n< Los anos (! :a*r"cac"#n s!r! arar@n an,!s (! "n"c"ar a :a*r"cac"#n (! a !s,ruc,ura<


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Planos y dibujos

an,o !n os anos (! :a*r"cac"#n y (! %on,a>! co%o !nos ("*u>os y !s2u!%as (! as %!%or"as (! c@ cu o (!*!n

"n("cars! as so (a(uras or %!("o (! s4%*o os 2u!r! r!s!n,!n c ara%!n,!+ y s"n a%*"6K!(a(!s+ su os"c"#n+("%!ns"on!s+ carac,!r4s,"cas+ r! arac"on!s !n ! %!,a*as!+ !,c< Cuan(o s!a n!c!sar"o+ !sos s4%*o os s!co% !%!n,ar@n con no,as !n ! ano< En ,o(os os casos(!*!n "n("cars!+ con ,o(a c ar"(a(+ os r!%ac)!s+ ,orn" oso so (a(uras 2u! s! co ocar@n !n ! ,a !r y a2u! os 2u!(!*!n "ns,a ars! !n a o*ra<Los ("*u>os (! ,a !r s! )ar@n s"6u"!n(o a r@c,"ca %@s%o(!rna y !n su ! a*orac"#n s! ,!n(r@n !n cu!n,a os:ac,or!s (! ra "(!& y !cono%4a !n :a*r"cac"#n y %on,a>!2u! s!an s"6n":"ca,"vos !n ca(a caso


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orr! E"::!


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u!n,! (! SanFranc"sco

Tipos de Acero en la Construcción

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