THE CONTRIBUTION OF GARCIA DE DIEGO’S DICCIONARIO DE VOCES NATURALES TO SOUND-

SYMBOLIC RESEARCH

Juan-Carlos Moreno Cabrera

Departamento de Lingüística

Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

VICENTE GARCÍA DE DIEGO(Vinuesa, 2 de diciembre de 1878 - Madrid, 1978)

4. Enero, 1942: De izquierda a derecha: Vicente Garcíade Diego (1878-1978 —1926—), Manuel MachadoRuíz (1874-1947 —1936—), Cándido Ángel GonzálezPalencia (1889-1949 —1940—), Manuel GómezMoreno Martínez (1870-1960 —1942—), Luis FullanaMira (1871-1948 —1927—), Agustín González Amezúa(1881-1956 —1929—), Julio Casares Sánchez (1877-1964 —1931—), Miguel Asín Palacios (1871-1944 —1919—), Jacobo Fitz-James Stuart y Falcó, Duque deAlba (1878-1953 —1943—), José María Pemán yPemartín (1897-1981 —1939—), Pendiente deidentificación, Armando Cotarelo Valledor (1879-1950—1927—), Eugenio d’Ors Rovira (1881-1954 —1927—), Ricardo León y Román (1877-1943 —1912—),Joaquín Álvarez Quintero (1873-1944 —1925—),Wenceslao Fernández Flórez (1885-1964 —1945—).

HANDBOOKS AND ESSAYS

• Notas sobre el latín vulgar español (1904)

• Elementos de gramática histórica gallega (Burgos, Tip. de El Monte Carmelo, 1914).

• Caracteres fundamentales del dialecto aragonés (1918)

• Manual de dialectología española Madrid: Instituto de Cultura Hispánica, 1946; segunda edición íd de íd., 1959; Tercera Madrid: Centro Iberoamericano de Cooperación, 1978.

• Lecciones de lingüística española: (conferencias pronunciadas en el Ateneo de Madrid) Madrid: Gredos, 1951; segunda edición 1960, tercera 1966.

• El idealismo del lenguaje. Conferencias dadas en el Centro de Intercambio Intelectual Germano-Español. Nº XXIII. M., 1929

• Gramática histórica española Madrid: Ed. Gredos, 1ª ed. 1951; 2ª ed. 1961; 3ª ed. 1970: 1ª reimpresión, 1981.

LEXICOGRAPHY

• Diccionario de voces naturales, Madrid, Aguilar, 1968

• Contribución al diccionario hispánico etimológico Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Patronato Menendez Pelayo, 1943.

• Diccionario Etimológico Español e Hispánico. Madrid, Editorial S.A.E.T.A., 1956; 2ª ed. Madrid: Espasa-Calpe, 1985.

• Etimologías Españolas, Madrid: Aguilar, 1964.

• Etimologías naturales Madrid, 1967 4º may. Separata facticia de Revista de Dialectología y Tradiciones Populares, T. XXIII, Cuadernos 1º y 2º. Lingüística. Sep-9

FACTS ABOUT THE DICTIONARY

• It has 723 pages.

• It contains a 107-page introduction.

• It contains detailed etymological and interlinguistic studies of more than 500 onomatopoeias and sound symbolic words.

• The dictionary includes a total of 2451 onomatopoeias and soundsymbolic words.

• It is illustrated with thousands of words from European languages and dialects.

• It also includes words from American, Asian, African and Oceaniclanguages.

MAIN SOURCES

• Azkue, R. M. (1905) Diccionario vasco-español-francés. Bilbao.

• Kluge, F. (1924) Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

• Meyer-Lübke, W. (1911) Romanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: C. Winter.

• Oehl, W. (1917-1924) “Elementare Wortschöpfung“. Anthropos 12-19

• Pokorny, J. (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, Tübingen: Francke

• Sainéan, L. (1925-30) Les sources indigènes de l’étymologie française. Paris: De Boccard, 3 vols.

• Wartburg, W. von (1928) Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch. Bonn: F. Klopp

NATURAL WORDS

In the section entitled “Orígenes del lenguaje” (‘language origins’), VGDdefines the expression palabra natural (‘natural word’) in the followingway (García de Diego 1968: 17-18). Natural words (NWs) are createdspontaneously by people and can be classified in four differentcategories. The first category contains those NWs produced byimitation of noises made by humans, animals or by all sort of things.The second type includes those NWs invented for different purposessuch as the interaction with people or animals. The NWs related to theworld of children, such as nursery words constitute the third category.The last category concerns interjections.

AN ENTRY OF THE DICTIONARYKRAK AND RELATED NWS 447-453

BASQUE

CATALAN

FRENCH

CATALAN

FRENCH

ITALIAN

ENGLISH

ENGLISH

IE LANGUA-

GES

CATALAN, ITALIAN, FRENCH

SPANISH

ENGLISH,GERMANIC

SPANISHGALICIANPORTU-GUESE

SPANISHGALICIANCATALAN

BASQUE

BASQUE

ITALIAN

FRENCH

BASQUE

ITALIAN

ITALIAN

CEBUANO,Philippines

FRENCH

IE LANGUAGES

NWS FOR SPLASHING

BACH, BAD, BADR, BRUCH, BORR, BART (153-156, 185, 197-198), CHALP (229), CHAMPL (235), CHAP (253-257), CHAPL (260-261), CHARK (269-270), CHARP (273), FLIK, FLOK, FLAK, FLAS, FLASK, FLESK (315-318), GACH, GUACH (332-333), LAM (486-487), MARG (508-509), PACH, PICH (524-525) PAK, PEK (529-530), PLAS (538) PLASK (538-539), SKUABL, SKUAMP (600-601),

NWs for IMPACT

CHACH (212), CHAF, CHAFL, CHAFR (216-219), CHANG (243-244), CHANK (248-249),ZAP (707-709), ZART (715), CHAZ (289), DAB, DUB (290) [soft impact], CHAST (284)[bumping or touching], FLAT (319) [soft impact], GAF (334) [catching, seizing], KLACH(409), KAP (440-441) [catching, touching or gripping], KROK (451-52) [impact on acavity], PLAK, PLEK, PLOK, PLUK (535-536) [also breaking], KAT, KET, KIT, KOT, KUT(476-477) [also shaking], POT (563-564) [hand or beak hitting], TRAK, TREK, TRIK,TROK, TRUK (655-658) [several sounds including bursting, collapsing, shaking,breaking or hitting], MAK (499-500), PLANG (536) ,TANK, TENK, TINK (641-642),PLACH (534) [soft impact], PALP, PILP (537) [iterated hitting], TƎK, TAK, TEK, TIK, TOK,TUK (622-628) [hitting], TAKL, TEKL, TIKL (628-629), TRASK, TRESK, TRISK (673) [alsotrampling, jumping], TAST, TUST (680-681) [hitting], TRAMP, TRAMPL (662-663)[resounding blow], TRAS (672) [percussion], ZAS (719),

NWs for SWINGING

GONDL (342) [also hesitation], KLAMB, KLUMB (418-419), KLONG (423) [also trembling], BƎK, BLAND (160, 179), BLANG, BƎMB, BƎRLƎK (171, 175, 190), CHILIMB, CHILINCH, CHILING (228), CHAMBL, CHIMBL (232), CHINGL (246), DƎDL, DƎDR (292), DLƎND, DLANG, DLING, DLONG (295-296), GLIND (309) [also hanging], HƎNG (373), KANG, KING (436) [also trembling], PAMPR (542), SARAND (612-613), TAMB (635), TRANGL (665),

NWs for BIRDS AND FROGS

CHI (207), CHIRP (274) [bird chirping], CHOCH (214), CHAMRI (236-237), CHIRB-CHORB- CHURB (267), CHARCH (267-268), CHARR (274), CHERR (275) [used to refer tocertain types of birds], FRING, FRINGL (327) [birds and insects], GARR (146) [voice ofsome birds], GARZ (355) [sound of heron], KAU (390-391) [sound made by somebirds], KAK (396-397) [sounds made by birds], KIK (398-400) [sounds made bychickens], KOK (398-399) [sounds made by hens, roosters and frogs], KUK (400-401)[sound made by cuckoos], KAKAB (402) [sound made by partridges], KAKƎLƎ (404)[sound made by quails], KAKAR, KOKOR, KIKIR, KUKUR (404-405) [sound made by hensand roosters] , KUAL (406) [sound made by ravens], KERK (446) [cackling], KROK (451-453) [sound made by ravens and frogs], KRAN (456-457) [sounds made by severalbirds], KRAT, KROT, KRUT (469) [sound made by various birds], , KASK (472-473)[cackling], PIP (546-547) [cheeping and similar sounds], RO, RU, ROLL, RULL (567-568,579-580) [dove cooing],

CONCLUSIONS

• This work is one of the most detailed dictionaries of onomatopoeias and sound symbolic works ever published.

• It is a significant contribution to universal sound symbolicresearch.

• It contains many interesting etymological remarks on severalEuropean languages.

• This dictionary should be included in the majorbibliographies on sound symbolic research.