Tema 2. Diversidad. Las Mujeres en el ámbito penitenciario

7/30/2019 Tema 2. Diversidad. Las Mujeres en el mbito penitenciario

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Vdeb= 8

Kbs Eumdrds dg dkehito \dgitdgnibrio

Nogndpnig Ybjd Okeos

8


2/35

Nogndpnig Ybjd Okeos' Estdr Tgivdrsitbrio dg Bfeigistrbnig y Jdstig fd Ndgtros \dgitdgnibrios

8Kbs Eumdrds dg dk ehito \dgitdgnibrio

GFIND

2' Ohmdtivo fd kb Tgifbf >

8' Igtrofunnig' Fiadrdgnibs fd kos `oehrds y eumdrds ardgtd bk

noeportbeidgto fdkintivo

>

>' Nogfiniogds y fdtdreigbgtds fd kb dgtrbfb dg prisig fd kbs

eumdrds

6

6' Nbrbntdrstinbs nrieigokjinbs fd kbs eumdrds dgnbrndkbfbs :

4' Kb situbnig fd kbs eumdrds dg prisig' Abntords fd

fisnrieigbnig

9

1' Kbs gdndsifbfds dspdnainbs fd kbs eumdrds dgnbrndkbfbs 28

:' \oktinbs phkinbs pdgitdgnibribs fdsfd kb pdrspdntivb fd

jgdro' Dk \rojrbeb fd bnniogds pbrb kb ijubkfbf

24

0' Kb ebtdrgifbf dg prisig' Kbs Tgifbfds fd Ebfrds 88

9' Kbs pdrspdntivbs fd auturo' Nbeigo b kb rdigtdjrbnig sonibk 84

2


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>Kbs Eumdrds dg dk ehito \dgitdgnibrio

2' Ohmdtivos fd kb Tgifbf

Dstufibr kbs fiadrdgnibs dg rdkbnig b kb bntivifbf fdkintivb dgtrd kos

òehrds y eumdrds3 rdspdnto b kbs nogfiniogds pdrsogbkds y sonibkds qud

abvordndg kb dgtrbfb bk sistdeb pdgitdgnibrio3 kbs dstrbtdjibs pbrb

barogtbr dk dgnbrndkbeidgto y kbs fiainuktbfds pbrb rdigtdjrbrsd

sonibkedgtd trbs su nogfdgb'

Bgbkizbr kb dxistdgnib fd abntords fd fisnrieigbnig dg dk trbto qud rdnihdg

kbs eumdrds dg dk sistdeb fd dmdnunig fd pdgbs' Qbkorbr si sd nogondg

suainidgtdedgtd y sog tdgifbs dg nudgtb kbs gdndsifbfds y fdebgfbsdspdnainbs fdk nokdntivo adedgigo dg prisig b kb òrb fd bhorfbr kos

projrbebs fd trbtbeidgto'

Dstbhkdndr kbs hbsds fd ugb igtdrvdgnig qud+ tdgidgfo dg nudgtb kb

pdrspdntivb fd jgdro+ kds pdreitb bfquirir nbpbnifbfds pbrb barogtbr su

kihdrtbf dg kbs edmords nogfiniogds posihkds'

8' Igtrofunnig' Fiadrdgnibs fd kos òehrds y eumdrds ardgtd bk

noeportbeidgto fdkintivo

Tgb fisnusig nbgfdgtd dg gudstrb sonidfbf ds dk dtdrgo fdhbtd sohrd kbs

sdedmbgzbs y fiadrdgnibs qud dxistdg dgtrd kbs eumdrds y kos òehrds'

Ohmdtivbedgtd+ tofos rdnogondeos qud sog eunò ebyords kbs noignifdgnibs

qud kbs fisnrdpbgnibs+ pdro prdnisbedgtd ko qud bgieb kb igvdstijbnig ds kb

nogstbtbnig fd dstbs ktiebs+ y kb hsqudfb fd kbs nbusbs qud dxpkiqudg kbsfiadrdgnibs bprdnibfbs'

Ds gdndsbrio bnkbrbr qud ardnudgtdedgtd sd nogaugfdg kos treigos fd sdxo y

jgdro puds si hidg dk sdxo fdtdreigb bk jgdro+ kb ebyorb fd kbs vdnds dxistdg

fiadrdgnibs ignogaugfihkds' Dk sdxo sd hbsb dg dk bspdnto aisiokjino y dxtdrgo fd

kb pdrsogb y dk jgdro dg kos noeportbeidgtos+ bntitufds+ pdgsbeidgtos fd

òehrds y eumdrds fd bnudrfo b ug orfdg prddstbhkdnifo'


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Fdsfd kos priedros dstbfios fd gudstrb igabgnib bprdgfdeos b sdr y

noeportbrgos noeo eumdrds y òehrds b pbrtir fd gudstrbs vivdgnibs dg kbs

fistigtbs situbniogds dgtrd dkkbs kb abeikib+ kb dsnudkb+ kb rdkijig+ kos edfios fd

fiausig sonibk+ dk edrnbfo fd trbhbmo+ dtn''' Gudstrb sonibkizbnig iepkinb tofo

ug bfidstrbeidgto fd jgdro b pbrtir fd kbs igtdrrdkbniogds+ kos mudjos+ ebgfbtossonibkds+ eofdkos+ gorebs+ vbkords+ nrddgnibs+ bntitufds+ dtn'+ qud iepogdg+

rdprofundg+ pdrpdtbg y kdjitiebg ko adedgigo y ko ebsnukigo'

Fdgtro fd dstb bsugnig fd rokds sd prdsued qud kos vbrogds sog es

foeigbgtds y noepdtitivos ko qud dxpkinbrb su ebyor fdsdgvokvieidgto dg dk

ehito phkino+ y por dgfd ugb ebyor prdfisposinig b kb noepdtinig y bk uso

fd kb viokdgnib' Fd aoreb noepkdedgtbrib kbs eumdrds sdrbg es sokifbribs+

bpdjbfbs b kos badntos+ y por dkko bsueirbg kos rokds fdk nuifbfo fd kos fdes' û

igedrsig dg dk eugfo foestino kbs ig`bhikitbrb+ dg jrbg edfifb+ pbrb kb

noeisig fd bntos pugihkds' \dro+ @bstb qu pugto dstbs bprdnibniogds tidgdg

ugb hbsd deprinb o rdbk?

Dadntivbedgtd+ si notdmbeos kbs dstbfstinbs kbs eumdrds dg prisig+ pofdeos

nogairebr qud ìstrinbedgtd sideprd audrog edgos guedrosbs bkrdfdfor fdk

0$ fd kb pohkbnig dgnbrndkbfb fd gudstro pbs)+ puds noeo `deos igfinbfo `by

rbzogds sonibkds d igtrgsdnbs b su nogfinig fd jgdro qud `bg bntubfo noeo

ug dsnufo protdntor b su igedrsig dg dk eugfo fdkintivo' Bkjugos dstufiosrdnidgtds dstg trbtbgfo fd ifdgtiainbr dstos abntords pbrb bvdrijubr por qu go

fdkigqudg dg kb eiseb propornig qud kos òehrds'

>' Nogfiniogds y fdtdreigbgtds fd kb dgtrbfb dg prisig fd kbs

eumdrds

Bgbkizbgfo fdtdgifbedgtd kbs tipokojbs fdkintivbs por kbs qud `bg sifonbstijbfbs kbs eumdrds b ko kbrjo fd vbrios sijkos dgnogtrbeos kb pohrdzb y kb

ebrjigbnig noeo hbsd igfisnutihkd fd dstb pdrsdnunig' \dro bfdes

fdsnuhrieos otrbs eun`bs nkbvds por kbs nubkds dk pofdr iepdrbgtd+ dg su visig

pbtribrnbk+ `b iepudsto b trbvs fd kbs kdyds sus propios vbkords+ y bpoygfosd dg

dkkbs `b dmdrnifo su `djdeogb y nogtrok sohrd kb pbrtd fd kb pohkbnig qud

sideprd rdsukt es vukgdrbhkd+ noeo onurri dg dk ehito adedgigo'

\brb dgtdgfdr dg tofb su dxtdgsig kbs fiadrdgnibs qud sd profundg dg dk sistdeb

pdgbk y pdgitdgnibrio+ quizs tdgjbeos qud dn`br ugb hrdvd eirbfb b kb ìstorib


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fdsfd dk eoedgto dg qud sd nrdbrog kos priedros dspbnios fd rdnkusig pbrb

eumdrds iginio fdk sijko PQII)+ nubgfo kos nogndptos fd fdkito y pdnbfo sd

dgnogtrbhbg tbg gtiebedgtd nogdntbfos qud go sorprdgfd qud kb rdnkusig y

dk nbstijo iepudsto b kbs trbgsjrdsorbs norridrb b nbrjo fd kbs butorifbfds

rdkijiosbs2'

Kbs kdyds pdgbkds fd bgtbo fistbhbg fd sdr pbritbribs+ gi dg kbs bntivifbfds

pugihkds gi dg kbs pdgbs iepudstbs' Kb nogfdgb bsijgbfb dxnkusivbedgtd b kbs

eumdrds por bntos noeo dk bfuktdrio+ kb prostitunig+ dk bhorto+ dk bhbgfogo fd

gios+ kb utikizbnig fd edfios bgtinogndptivos+ o siepkdedgtd kb fdsohdfidgnib

bk pbfrd o ebrifo3 rdakdmbg kbs tdgfdgnibs sonibkds fd kb ponb=

por ug kbfo+ dk nkbro fdskizbeidgto o ieposinig fd kb eorbk nbtkinb

iepdrbgtd `bnib tofb kb bntivifbf notifibgb fd kb sonidfbf+ ds fdnir+ kbnogausig fdk fdrdnò gbturbk nog kos prdndptos fd kb Ijkdsib nbtkinb+ nuyo

ebrno fd igakudgnib go qudfbhb bpbrnbfo siquidrb b kb pudrtb fd kbs

prisiogds' \rudhb fd dkko ds qud dstos rdnigtos nbrndkbrios audrog uhinbfos

ardnudgtdedgtd dg nogvdgtos y eogbstdrios dg fdsuso y bsieikbrog ug

rjiedg purbedgtd nogvdgtubk dg su augniogbeidgto8 eidgtrbs qud

pbrb kos vbrogds iepdrbhb kb fisnipkigb nbstrdgsd+ y kb uhinbnig orfigbrib

fd kos nogfdgbfos drbg kos fdstbnbedgtos eikitbrds)'

\or otro+ dk sostdgieidgto fd prdmuinios y bntitufds sdxistbs `bnib kbs

eumdrds qud osbhbg bpbrtbrsd fdk rok fd fdpdgfdgnib y sueisig

btrihuifo nogsudtufigbribedgtd b kb eumdr+ trbsjrdsig qud+ soko b dkkbs+

`bnb edrdndforbs fd rdprdsig y nbstijo+ bugqud pbrb dkko gdndsitbsdg dk

nognurso fd kb aijurb ebsnukigb+ noeo `deos visto dg dk nbso fdk bfuktdrio

y kb prostitunig'

@oy dg fb+ nog kdyds pdgbkds ijubkitbribs+ supdrbfbs tbehig kbs tdorbs fd

orijdg hiokjino o fdtdreigistbs prdfoeigbgtds dg sijkos bgtdriords y sigrdstbrkd vbkor b kb igfufbhkd igakudgnib prdvdgtivb fdk nogtrok dnogeino+

foestino y abeikibr dmdrnifo por kos vbrogds qud dstbhb dg kb hbsd fd kb

2 î sd quidrd proaugfizbr dg kb ìstorib fdk dgnbrndkbeidgto adedgigo sd rdnoeidgfbg kbs kdnturbs fdEbfrds dg \risig+ ìstorib fd kbs nrndkds fd eumdrds b trbvs fd su vdrtidgtd ebtdrgbk + fd YbjdOkeos y Norrdjir y Nbstijbr fd Dkisbhdt` Bkedfb' \brb ug sunigto nogonieidgto fd kb dvokunig ìstrinbfd kb prdsdgnib fd kbs eumdrds dg prisig+ Kbs eumdrds dgnbrndkbfbs fd Ybjd Okeos dg Eumdrds dg kbpdriadrib' Bkjugos fdhbtds sohrd jgdro y dxnkusig sonibkDf' Inbrib 8


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edgtbkifbf sonibk fd ponbs bgtdriords)+ pbrdnd nkbro qud ug buedgto fd kb

bntivifbf fdkintivb adedgigb pofrb dxpkinbrsd+ dg pbrtd+ por kb ebyor

pbrtinipbnig dg dk dspbnio phkino fd kb eumdr+ ko qud iepkinb tbehig su

igedrsig dg behidgtds ebrjigbkds+ fdkintivos o abnikitbfords fdk nogsueo fd

dstupdabnidgtds'

\dro augfbedgtbkedgtd òy sd ebgtidgd dk bndgto dg kb dxnkusig sonibk noeo

kb hbsd prignipbk fd kb bntivifbf fdkintivb' Y fdgtro fd kos jrupos sonibkds es

fdsabvordnifos+ kbs eumdrds+ edgos prdpbrbfbs+ sudkdg nogtbr nog ebyords

fiainuktbfds pbrb kb suhsistdgnib' Dsto ds+ dk adgedgo qud sd `b fbfo dg kkbebr

kb adeigizbnig fd kb pohrdzb y dxpkinbrb kb nbusb prignipbk por kb qud bkjugbs

eumdrds rdnurrdg bk fdkito noeo edfio fd suhsistdgnib3 pdro go rdvdkbrb kb

dgored fiadrdgnib porndgtubk nog kos vbrogds'

Dstd fdsabsd fd niarbs pofrb fdhdrsd+ es hidg+ bk xito fd kbs fiadrdgtds

dstrbtdjibs fd supdrvivdgnib qud kbs eumdrds ìstrinbedgtd `bg bnoedtifo pbrb

dvitbr su igedrsig dg dk fdkito>' Fdgtro fd kos nbunds orfigbrios pbrb nogmurbr

kbs situbniogds dxtrdebs fd pohrdzb kbs es dxitosbs `bg sifo bqudkkbs qud pbsbg

por kb fdpdgfdgnib dnogeinb fdk vbrg+ augfbedgtbkedgtd dg dk ebtrieogio o

igstitutos baigds' Otrbs dstrbtdjibs noeugds+ sog kb bktb pbrtinipbnig dg

dnogoebs suedrjifbs o igaorebkds+ kb sdrvifuehrd o ignkuso kb deijrbnig' Dg

nbsos es dxtrdeos+ dk dmdrninio fd kb prostitunig'

Y ds qud dk rok sonibk fd kb eumdr dg dk qud sd `bg bsueifo noeo propios kbs

tbrdbs fd kb rdspogsbhikifbf dg dk nuifbfo fd kos ìmos+ fdk òjbr y fd kbs

pdrsogbs fdpdgfidgtds+ nubkquidr dstrbtdjib ignkuifb kb deijrbnig) sd `b

nogsifdrbfo noeo vkifb y prioritbrib bgtds qud rdnurrir bk fdkito pbrb `bndr

ardgtd b kbs gdndsifbfds dnogeinbs' \rdnisbedgtd porqud kb bntivifbf fdkintivb

pudfd bnbhbr sidgfo kb pdor fd kbs bktdrgbtivbs+ yb qud nog su kjinb

nogsdnudgnib %dk dgnbrndkbeidgto% sd kds gdjbrb kb posihikifbf fd ebgtdgdr dstbs

rdspogsbhikifbfds y rdspogfdr bfdnubfbedgtd bk rok dgnoedgfbfo'

Vrbspbsbfbs dstbs prdvdgniogds+ otro fd kos abntords fd ebyor ignifdgnib fd kb

eumdr dg bntos pugihkds sd fdrivb kb abnikifbf pbrb vdrsd iepkinbfb dg kbs rdfds

fdfinbfbs bk traino fd dstupdabnidgtds+ gorebkedgtd dg kos noedtifos es

arjikds y dxpudstos dk trbgsportd o kb vdgtb bk por edgor)+ por ko qud bsuedg

ug ebyor ebrjdg fd ridsjo pbrb sdr fdtdgifbs' Ds stb ugb bntivifbf gbfb

noepkdmb qud sd fdsdgvudkvd audrb fd kb kdjbkifbf+ fd b` su nbrntdr ogdroso)+

> \ofdeos vdr ug fdtbkkbfo eofdko dxpkinbtivo dg dk brtnuko fd Fokords Mukibgo+ Fdkito y pdnbfo' Kbtrbsjrdsig dg adedgigo'


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:Kbs Eumdrds dg dk ehito \dgitdgnibrio

y surjd noeo ug ebrno fd posihkd suhsistdgnib y/o dgriqudnieidgto pbrb kos es

fdsabvordnifos' Kb fdrivb fd kbs poktinbs pro`ihiniogistbs dg ebtdrib fd frojbs fd

kb ebyorb fd kos dstbfos+ y dk dgfurdnieidgto fd kb rdspudstb pdgbk+ dst

dgsbgn`bgfo dk prondso fd nrieigbkizbnig fd kbs eumdrds' Go ds igardnudgtd

noeprohbr neo kbs jrbgfds bsonibniogds fdkintivbs pdradnniogbg kos sistdebs fdnbptbnig fd bqudkkbs eumdrds qud btrbvidsbg kbs situbniogds es prdnbribs b

pbrb qud bnbhdg dgjrosbgfo kos ktieos dskbhogds fd kbs nbfdgbs fdk traino

iknito'

Neo ds dgtognds dk pdraik fd kbs eumdrds bgtds fd su dgnbrndkbeidgto?' Tg

dstufio rdnidgtd noepbrbtivo fd kb situbnig fd kbs eumdrds dgnbrndkbfbs dg

Duropb+ fdgoeigbfo Eumdr+ Igtdjrbnig y \risig (igaored EI\)6+ nogaireb qud

kb ebyorb fd kbs eumdrds dgnbrndkbfbs sd dgnogtrbhbg yb bgtds fd su pbso porprisig nog jrbvds fdsvdgtbmbs sonio%dnogeinbs' Vrbs dk bgkisis fd kos fbtos

rdnojifos dg kos sdis pbsds pbrtinipbgtds4 sd dvifdgnib qud fdgtro fd kbs

prisiogds `by ugb sohrd rdprdsdgtbnig fd bqudkkbs eumdrds nog dsnbsos igjrdsos+

pdrtdgdnidgtds b eigorbs tginbs+ frojofdpdgfidgtds+ dxtrbgmdrbs+ y eumdrds

qud `bg suarifo viokdgnib b ko kbrjo fd su vifb'

6 DRTI\O EI\ ETMDXD^ IGVDJXBNIG Y \XI^IG) NXTDKK^+ E' IJBXDFB+ G' VOXXDG^+ E' Y NXTDKK^+ D'Tg bgkisis fd kos prondsos fd igtdjrbnig soniokbhorbk fd kbs eumdrds prdsbs dg Duropb' Igaoredgbniogbk Dspbb' 8


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6' Nbrbntdrstinbs nrieigokjinbs fd kbs eumdrds dgnbrndkbfbs

\brb fdaigir dk nogtdxto bntubk dg qud sd fdsdgvudkvdg kbs eumdrds dg prisig

fdhdeos rdadrirgos dg priedr kujbr dg su ignifdgnib guerinb1' Dk fb 2 fd Dgdro

fdk 8+ dg tofo dk dstbfo gbniogbk sd bknbgzb kb niarb fd 4'884 eumdrdsdgnbrndkbfbs sohrd ugb pohkbnig totbk fd 10'49: pdrsogbs' Dg dstb dsnbsb

rdprdsdgtbtivifbf dk :+18$) dgnogtrbeos kb priedrb fiadrdgnib dvifdgtd+ puds

sohrd kbs niarbs oainibkds fdk ndgso gbniogbk+ kb pohkbnig adedgigb+ noeo ds fd

dspdrbr+ ebgtidgd ugb rdprdsdgtbtivifbf pbritbrib dk 4 pdrsogbs'ZZZ'igd'ds'
http://www.ine.es/http://www.ine.es/http://www.ine.es/


9/35



pbtrieogio y dk orfdg soniodnogeino dk 89$ fd eumdrds ardgtd bk >: fd

`oehrds pdgbfos)+ ds fdnir kos rohos' Dg dstd fbto dgnogtrbrdeos kb rbzg es

dvifdgtd pbrb qud dk porndgtbmd fd eumdrds sd ebgtdgjb dg ugbs notbs

supdriords bk rdsto fd kos pbsds duropdos+ fdhifo b kb audrtd nbrjb pdgbk qud sd

bpkinb bg dg gudstro pbs b kbs nogfuntbs fdk traino fd frojbs'

VI\OKOJB FDKINVIQB FD KB \OHKBNIG XDNKT^B \DGBFB KDY OXJBGINB 2 fd Govidehrd+ fdk NOFIJO \DGBK'

(Fin' 8


10/35


24+9 bos'

Dk >6+1$ fd kbs eumdrds dgnbrndkbfbs ds fd orijdg dxtrbgmdro+ ardgtd bk >>+6 fd kb

pohkbnig totbk pdgitdgnibrib Dg 8$ dg

priedr jrbfo+ dk 10+1$ dg sdjugfo y dk 89$ dg tdrndr jrbfo' Dg `oehrds+ fd kos

igtdrgos pdgbfos nkbsiainbfos dg priedr jrbfo sd dgnudgtrb dk 8+2$+ dg sdjugfo

dk 0


11/35



4' Kb situbnig fd kbs eumdrds dg prisig' Abntords fd

fisnrieigbnig

Fdsfd dk pugto fd vistb fd kb kdjiskbnig pdgbk y pdgitdgnibrib go nbhd fufb fd

qud kos nfijos+ kbs kdyds y kos rdjkbedgtos fd gudstro pbs nogtdepkdg ug trbto

dquivbkdgtd `bnib kos òehrds y kbs eumdrds qud trbgsjrdfdg kbs gorebs sonibkds'

îg dehbrjo+ sd `b fdeostrbfo qud dg dstd nbepo+ noeo onurrd dg dk rdsto fd

kos ehitos sonibkds+ kb ijubkfbf fd trbto kdjbk go ds suainidgtd+ por s eiseb+ pbrb

noepdgsbr kbs nogfiniogds fdsvdgtbmosbs qud pudfdg suarir kbs eumdrds dg kos

givdkds psinokjinos+ sonibkds y nukturbkds' Dxistdg trbhbs fd orijdg nukturbk qud

bntbg noeo hbrrdrbs iepifidgfo qud kbs eumdrds tdgjbg kbs eisebs

oportugifbfds dg dk bnndso+ por dmdepko+ bk depkdo+ kb dfunbnig+ o kb poktinb'

Dg dstb kgdb yb `bnd tidepo qud fdsfd fdgtro y audrb fdk ehito pdgitdgnibrio

fivdrsos proadsiogbkds d igvdstijbfords vidgdg nogstbtbgfo qud kbs eumdrds dg

prisig `bg sifo kbs dtdrgbedgtd okvifbfbs+ puds dg hbsd b su dvifdgtd

igadriorifbf guerinb+ kbs gorebs y kos nritdrios fd jdstig fd kos ndgtros

pdgitdgnibrios `bg sifo bpkinbfos por òehrds y tdgidgfo dg edgtd b ugb

pohkbnig rdnkusb augfbedgtbkedgtd ebsnukigb' Dstb posinig kbs ebgtidgdrdkdjbfbs b ug sdjugfo pkbgo dg ug ehito fogfd kos dspbnios brquitdntginos+

kbs prdstbniogds y kos sdrvinios3 y dg jdgdrbk tofbs kbs gorebs y poktinbs fd

bntubnig pdgitdgnibrib `bg dstbfo dgnbeigbfbs b sbtisabndr kbs pdnukibrifbfds

fd kos rdnkusos vbrogds' Dsto ds ko qud `b propinibfo kb pdrpdtubnig fd ugb sdrid

fd abntords fd fisnrieigbnig dg dstd ehito fd kb dmdnunig pdgbk'

Kdmbgb y fispdrsig jdojrainb' Dg brbs b propinibr ugb rijurosb sdpbrbnig fd kb

pohkbnig ebsnukigb+ y dg dk bag fd rdgtbhikizbr kos dspbnios fispogihkds+

nogsudtufigbribedgtd kbs eumdrds prdsbs `bg dstbfo nogndgtrbfbs dg ug edgorgedro fd dstbhkdnieidgtos pdgitdgnibrios+ fispdrsos dg kb jdojrbab dspbokb'

Bs+ sbkvo bqudkkbs eumdrds provdgidgtds fd jrbgfds niufbfds+ kb noeisig fd ug

fdkito kkdvbhb depbrdmbfo+ nbsi sideprd+ su trbskbfo b ug ndgtro bkdmbfo fd su

kujbr fd rdsifdgnib+ nog dk nogsijuidgtd fdtdrioro fd sus kbzos abeikibrds'

Nbkifbf rdsifdgnibk' Noepkdedgtbribedgtd+ dg kos ndgtros fogfd s fispogbg fd

pkbzbs drbg uhinbfbs dg kos efukos es pdqudos o dspbnios rdsifubkds+ nog

pdgosbs nogfiniogds brquitdntginbs+ dsnbsbedgtd fotbfos+ y pdords nogfiniogds

dg kb `bhitbhikifbf y nbkifbf fdk bkombeidgto' Kbs posihikifbfds fd sdpbrbnig


12/35



dgtrd dkkbs drbg igdxistdgtds+ ohkijbfbs b noepbrtir dsos vdtustos dspbnios tofo

tipo fd pdraikds fd eumdrds+ y ardnudgtdedgtd bnoepbbfbs fd sus ìmos'

Go nbhd fufb fd qud dg dstd ktieo nubrto fd sijko sd `bg bprdnibfo nbehios

ieportbgtds dg kbs dstrunturbs nbrndkbribs fd gudstro pbs' Fdsfd ug priedreoedgto sd pdgs qud ijubkbgfo kos dstgfbrds fd opniogds pbrb òehrds y

eumdrds sd dkieigbrb kb fisnrieigbnig' Bs `b sifo pkbgtdbfo dg gudstro pbs dg

dk fisdo fd kbs \risiogds Vipo+ eofdrgbs dstrunturbs qud dstg hbsbfbs dg kb

prdeisb fd ug jgdro gdutro' \dro bg nog dk jrbg dsaudrzo dadntubfo dg kb

nogstrunnig fd dstos ndgtros sd dst euy kdmos fd dgnogtrbr kb pbrifbf dg kbs

nogfiniogds fd kb dmdnunig pdgbk'

^d ebgtidgd dg nidrto eofo kb fispdrsig+ puds dg kb Bfeigistrbnig Jdgdrbk fdk

Dstbfo nogtbeos bntubkedgtd nog :< dstbhkdnieidgtos pdgitdgnibrios fd rjiedgorfigbrio+ fd kos nubkds > sog dxnkusivbedgtd adedgigos+ y dg 66 ndgtros+

ebyoritbribedgtd ebsnukigos+ dxistd bkjg fdpbrtbedgto fd eumdrds' Dg gudvd

provignibs @udsnb+ ]beorb+ Qiznbyb+ Hurjos+ ôrib+ ^djovib+ Vokdfo+ Jubfbkbmbrb

y Niufbf Xdbk)+ go dxistdg pkbzbs pbrb eumdrds dg rjiedg orfigbrio'

FI^VXIHTNIG JDOJXAINB FD KO^ D^VBHKDNIEIDGVO^ \DGIVDGNIBXIO^ FD XJIEDG OXFIGBXIO (BJD)


13/35


2>Kbs Eumdrds dg dk ehito \dgitdgnibrio

Ieposihikifbf fd nkbsiainbnig \dgitdgnibrib' Dstb fistrihunig iepifd bg

igtrofunir nritdrios fd nkbsiainbnig dg kb ebyorb fd kos ndgtros rdakdmbfos fgfd

soko dxistd ug soko efuko jdgdrbk pbrb kbs eumdrds' Xdspdtbr ugb rijurosbsdpbrbnig fd kbs fiadrdgtds nbtdjorbs= mvdgds y bfuktbs+ prdvdgtivbs y pdgbfbs+

priebribs y rdignifdgtds+ dtn'+ ohkijbrb b ugb ebyor fispdrsig' \or dk nogtrbrio+

go pbfdndg kb ebsiainbnig qud soportbg kos efukos ebsnukigos'

Dxndso fd ednbgiseos fd nogtrok y sdjurifbf' Dg su dstrunturb dxtdrgb+ kos

soaistinbfos sistdebs fd nogtdgnig nog qud sd kds `b fotbfo b dstos ndgtros

nogndrtigbs+ euros fd rogfb+ torrds fd nogtrok+ dtn')+ bfdnubfos+ si bnbso+ b ug

fdtdreigbfo pdraik nrieigbk ebsnukigo+ go ko sog+ dg bhsokuto+ pbrb kb jdgdrbkifbf

fd kbs eumdrds prdsbs+ y eunò edgos pbrb kos ìmos qud noepbrtdg+ dg bkjugosnbsos+ dk igtdrgbeidgto nog sus ebfrds'

B givdk rdsifdgnibk igtdrgo+ dk fdsproporniogbfo nogtrok sohrd sus eovieidgtos

`bnd qud ardnudgtdedgtd su vifb notifibgb sd dgnudgtrd nogstrdifb b ugos

ponos dspbnios' Bfdes+ kbs fiainuktbfds orjbgizbtivbs iepifdg qud pudfbg

fisarutbr fd fdtdreigbfbs zogbs y sdrvinios3 y kbs prdvdgniogds sohrd kb

sdjurifbf kieitbg dg jrbg pbrtd kb kihdrtbf fd eovieidgtos igtdreofukbrds= dg

vbrios ndgtros go dxistdg dspbnios dg kbs dgadredrbs pbrb kbs eumdrds qud dg

nbso fd dgadrebr `bg fd pdrebgdndr dg su propib `bhitbnig3 rbrb vdz sd kds

pdreitd dk bnndso b efukos tdrbputinos3 y dg kos nbsos dg qud pudfdg

pbrtinipbr fd bntivifbfds eixtbs+ soko bnndfdg b dkkbs ug rdfunifo gedro fd

igtdrgbs jdgdrbkedgtd dgnogtrbeos qud kbs eumdrds es ebyords go sudkdg

`bndrko+ o bqudkkbs b quidgds kbs prdsiogds nukturbkds o fd su posihkd pbrdmb sd ko

iepifdg)

Edgor fisposinig fd rdnursos ùebgos' Bgtd kb jdstig fd ugos dadntivos+

sideprd dsnbsos+ stos sudkdg ir fdstigbfos b kos fdpbrtbedgtos odstbhkdnieidgtos ebsnukigos+ fogfd kb prdsig fd kb fdebgfb ds ebyor'

Nbrdgnibs dg kb aorebnig proadsiogbk y onupbnig kbhorbk' Ds anik nogstbtbr ugb

nkbrb fiadrdgnib fd oportugifbfds rdspdnto b kos fdpbrtbedgtos fd òehrds3

puds dg hbsd b kb pdrpdtubnig fd kos rokds trbfiniogbkds adedgigos go sudkdg sdr

nogvonbfbs pbrb bnndfdr b kos `bhitubkds tbkkdrds fd nbrpigtdrb+ bkhbikdrb+

ebgtdgieidgto+ dtn'

Dg dk pkbgo kbhorbr+ su pbrtinipbnig s pudfd nogsifdrbrsd porndgtubkedgtdpbritbrib+ pdro ko ds augfbedgtbkedgtd dg bqudkkbs tbrdbs buxikibrds qud tidgdg


14/35



qud vdr nog kb kiepidzb+ kb kbvbgfdrb y nonigb fogfd sd husnb rdgtbhikizbr sus

nbpbnifbfds y `hitos foestinos+ pdro fd dsnbsb nbpbnifbf pbrb proeovdr ug

bprdgfizbmd o pdradnniogbeidgto proadsiogbk) y dg tbkkdrds oridgtbfos b kb

nogadnnig igfustribk+ o ebgipukbfos+ jdgdrbkedgtd fdsfdbfos pbrb kos

efukos ebsnukigos por su edgor rdgtbhikifbf'

1' Kbs gdndsifbfds dspdnainbs fd kbs eumdrds dgnbrndkbfbs

Y si dsto onurrd bs dg rdkbnig b kbs nogfiniogds ohmdtivbs fdk igtdrgbeidgto+

aruto fd kb igvisihikifbf b kb qud `bg dstbfo soedtifbs+ ko es ardnudgtd ds qud

tbehig sd fdsnogoznbg kbs pbrtinukbrifbfds pdrsogbkds fd dstb otrb pbrtd fd kb

pohkbnig+ ko qud iepifd qud bk fisdbr kbs bntubniogds pbrb kb jdgdrbkifbf fd kb

pohkbnig sd tdgjbg dg nudgtb sus GDNDÎFBFD^ D^\DNAINB^=

\rohkdetinbs pdrsogbkds' Kb eumdr+ b su igjrdso+ dg su hbjbmd pdrsogbk trbd

nogsijo kb nukpbhikifbf+ kb bgjustib d igndrtifuehrd por kbs rdspogsbhikifbfds

abeikibrds dg dk dxtdrior= ìmos+ pbfrds o pdrsogbs fdpdgfidgtds d ignbpbnitbfos3

kb prfifb fd kb vividgfb+ o kb igsdjurifbf `bnib dk ebgtdgieidgto fd kbdstbhikifbf ebritbk+ dtn' Kb iepotdgnib bgtd kb prdvisig fd nogsdnudgnibs

irrdvdrsihkds dg kb rdf abeikibr por su dgnbrndkbeidgto3 sohrd tofo kds pdsb su

busdgnib dg kbs dgadredfbfds+ o bgtd kb bfokdsndgnib fd kos ìmos+ qud pudfdg

vdrsd dgnbeigbfos b kb frojofdpdgfdgnib+ o b dgjrosbr pbgfikkbs o rdfds

fdkintivbs' \or dstd eotivo+ dk igjrdso fd nubkquidr eumdr dg kb prisig+ supogd

ugb situbnig euy fdkinbfb y fokorosb+ puds si pbrb ug òehrd+ su

dgnbrndkbeidgto tidgd nogsdnudgnibs jrbvds dg dk ehito abeikibr+ nubgfo sd

trbtb fd ugb eumdr+ ebfrd fd abeikib+ dstd `dnò pudfd supogdr ug butgtino

nbtbnkiseo

Nbrdgnibs sonibkds dfunbtivbs y kbhorbkds' û ìstorib dst rdpkdtb fd abntords fd

fisnrieigbnig sonibk= abeikib fdsdstrunturbfb+ pohrdzb+ frojofdpdgfdgnib+ y

audrtds nbrjbs abeikibrds3 bgbkabhdtiseo y gukb nubkiainbnig proadsiogbk3 ds fdnir+

bqudkkbs nbrbntdrstinbs qud kbs `bndg edgos noepdtdgtds sonibkedgtd+ kbs

bhonbg bk fdsdepkdo o kbs onupbniogds pdor rdeugdrbfbs y bnrdnidgtbg su

vukgdrbhikifbf b kb dgtrbfb dg dk sistdeb pdgbk'


15/35



Dg dk eoedgto fd su dgtrbfb dg prisig sd fdtdntbg kbs audrtds nbrdgnibs

dfunbtivbs qud brrbstrbg puds+ go dg vbgo+ eun`bs fd dkkbs fdhidrog bhbgfogbr

kb dsnudkb pbrb btdgfdr rdspogsbhikifbfds abeikibrds o su tdeprbgb ebtdrgifbf

dk gfind fd bgbkabhdtiseo ds porndgtubkedgtd ebyor dg dstb pohkbnig)'

Kbs bntivifbfds kbhorbkds fdsbrrokkbfbs+ nubgfo sd kds `b pdreitifo o sd `b `dnò

prdniso pbrb kb suhsistdgnib+ sd `bg fdsdgvudkto dg nbepos qud go prdnisbrog

prdpbrbnig o ugbs fdstrdzbs egiebs= kb kiepidzb+ kb òstdkdrb o kb vdgtb

behukbgtd' Dg su ebyor pbrtd+ fdgtro fd kb prdnbridfbf+ fd kb dnogoeb

suedrjifb o dk butodepkdo' Dsto iepkinb kb totbk abktb fd jbrbgtbs sonibkds o

fdrdnòs kbhorbkds'

Nbrdgnibs psinokjinbs' Tgo fd kos rbsjos es ardnudgtds dg dstbs eumdrds ds kb

fdpdgfdgnib psinokjinb fd kb aijurb ebsnukigb+ y ugb abktb fd butogoebpdrsogbk' îdeprd supdfitbfb b kb pbrdmb bntubk+ sig nuyo nognurso sd sidgtd

ignoepkdtb o arbnbsbfb'

Hbmb butodstieb+ ds ug rbsjo fd pdrsogbkifbf euy jdgdrbkizbfo puds dg su

bntubk situbnig sidgtdg qud `bg arbnbsbfo dg sus dxpdntbtivbs pdrsogbkds+ pdro

tbehig `bg abkkbfo b kbs dxpdntbtivbs sonibkds noeo ebfrds y dsposbs'

Btdgnig b kb fivdrsifbf' Dxtrbgmdrb y dtgib jitbgb' Fdgtro fd kbs eumdrds

dgnbrndkbfbs tbehig pofdeos dgnogtrbr ugb jrbg fivdrsifbf fd pdraikds dgbtdgnig b su prondfdgnib jdojrainb+ tginb o nukturbk qud `bnd prdniso

fivdrsiainbr kbs bntubniogds'

Frojofdpdgfdgnib' Dg kb dgnudstb dstbtbk sohrd sbkuf y frojbs fd dgtrd kos

igtdrgbfos dg prisig D^FI\ 8


16/35



audrtd igakudgnib positivb qud+ b vdnds+ dmdrndg kb ebtdrgifbf y kbs nbrjbs

abeikibrds)

Ebkos trbtos' Fivdrsos dstufios ndrtiainbg kb bktsieb ardnudgnib qud mbkogbg dk

ìstoribk fd kbs eumdrds dgnbrndkbfbs kos dpisofios fd bhusos sdxubkds y ebktrbtoabeikibr y fd pbrdmb' Vbehig nogondeos kb rdkbnig firdntb qud dstbs

dxpdridgnibs `bg tdgifo dg su ìstoribk fdkintivo y kbs nogsdnudgtds sdnudkbs

asinbs y psinokjinbs qud bnbrrdbg+ noeo dk trbstorgo fd dstrs postrbuetino

\V^F)+ ugb sigtoebtokojb ardnudgtd fdrivbfb fd dxpdridgnibs fd viokdgnib dg kb

igabgnib y muvdgtuf+ qud sd nbrbntdrizb por prohkdebs fd sudo+ irritbhikifbf+

frojofdpdgfdgnib+ fdprdsig d igtdgtos fd butokisis+ bjrdsivifbf+

sohrdedfinbnig+ dtn'3

\rostitunig y sdnudkbs dg kb sbkuf' Dk rdnurso b dstd edfio fd suhsistdgnib dg ugbkto porndgtbmd fd eumdrds+ mugto b kb ignifdgnib fd kb frojofdpdgfdgnib `bnd

qud `bybg dstbfo sohrddxpudstbs b dgadredfbfds qud bnbrrdbg dvifdgtds

sdnudkbs y ug ebyor fdtdrioro asino'

Ebtdrgifbf' Tg abntor fdtdreigbgtd pbrb dstufibr dk dgnbrndkbeidgto adedgigo

tidgd qud vdr nog kb nogfinig fd ebfrds fd kb jrbg ebyorb fd dkkbs+ por ko qud

bfdes fd nogtdepkbr kb posihikifbf kdjbk fd qud kos edgords fd nortb dfbf

pudfbg bnoepbbrkbs dg su igtdrgbeidgto+ sd prdnisb ugb dspdnibk sdgsihikifbf

pbrb dxpkotbr tofos kos ednbgiseos kdjbkds qud pdreitbg ebgtdgdr dk vgnuko

nog kos qud sd dgnudgtrbg dg dk dxtdrior+ y kos nuifbfords fd stos'

Dstrbtdjibs fd barogtbeidgto fdk dgnidrro' Dk noeportbeidgto fisnipkigbfo ds

otrb fd kbs pdnukibrifbfds qud kbs fiadrdgnibg sohrdebgdrb fd kb pohkbnig

ebsnukigb+ es rdhdkfd d ignogaored' Kb fonikifbf qud sd kd `b iepudsto dg dk

òjbr pbtdrgo+ priedro+ y nog postdriorifbf dg dk ehito abeikibr bfquirifo+ sd

ebgtidgd fdgtro fd kos euros fd kb prisig' Kb nogsdnudgnib ds qud sd bfbptb

edmor y bnbtb kbs gorebs y kbs nogfiniogds fdk dgnidrro sig fiainuktbf' Kbnogvivdgnib orfdgbfb ds dk rdsuktbfo fd kb busdgnib fd pdkijro rdbk o vivdgnibs fdk

eiseo+ fd kb orjbgizbnig y kb kiepidzb iepdrbgtds' Y ds qud kbs eumdrds trbdg ug

nidrto hbjbmd noeo rdspogsbhkds y nuifbforbs abeikibrds+ bkjo fianik fd dgnogtrbr

dg kos prdsos ebsnukigos' Dsto `bnd qud dk nkieb sonibk fd kos efukos adedgigos

sdb eunò es rdkbmbfo+ propinio pbrb dk bprdgfizbmd'

Kb pbrtinipbnig' Kbs eumdrds sog eunò es pbrtinipbtivbs dg nbsi tofbs kbs

bntivifbfds qud sd kds propogdg


17/35


2:Kbs Eumdrds dg dk ehito \dgitdgnibrio

Dg dk nogonieidgto fd kbs nbrbntdrstinbs fiadrdgnibkds edgniogbfbs `by qud

rdnogondr dk depumd fd kos dstufios noepbrbtivos d igvdstijbniogds jdgdrbfos

por kb norridgtd qud sd `b fbfo dg kkbebr nrieigokojb nrtinb9 qud bjkutigb b ug

gedro nbfb fb ebyor fd eumdrds y `oehrds provdgidgtds fd fistigtos ehitos

fd kbs nidgnibs sonibkds) 2< quidgds+ dg kbs ktiebs fnbfbs+ `bg pudsto dg supugto fd eirb dk dstufio fd kbs nbrbntdrstinbs y abntords sonibkds fd dxnkusig qud

dxpkinbg+ dg su ebyor pbrtd+ kb igedrsig fd kbs eumdrds dg dk eugfo fdkintivo+ y

kbs nogfiniogds dg qud sd kkdvb b nbho dk nuepkieidgto fd kb sbgnig pdgbk pbrb

kbs eumdrds' Dg hbsd b dstos dstufios nogondeos kb dmdnunig pdgitdgnibrib fd

kos pbsds fd gudstro dgtorgo nukturbk y jdojraino+ y pofdeos noepbrbr dk

rjiedg bpkinbfo+ pogdr b dxbedg kbs hudgbs prntinbs+ y kb fdgugnib fd kbs

situbniogds dg qud dxpknitb o sutikedgtd+ kb eumdr rdnihd ug trbto

fisnrieigbtorio22'

Aigbkedgtd ds musto vbkorbr dg kb ktieb fnbfb kb dxpdridgnib fd kos dquipos fd

trbhbmo fd kos ndgtros pdgitdgnibrios quidgds b abktb fd ug ebrno jkohbk+ y fdsfd

ugb vdrtidgtd deigdgtdedgtd prntinb `bg bnoedtifo nog dgtusibseo dg dk

igtdrior fd kbs prisiogds dk dstufio fd kbs tdgfdgnibs noeugitbribs+ y `bg ifo

igtrofunidgfo govdfosos projrbebs dspdnainos pbrb fbr rdspudstb b kbs

dspdnibkds prohkdetinbs qud prdsdgtbg'

9 Kb nrieigokojb nrtinb dg vdz fd bgbkizbr kbs nbusbs igfivifubkds qud kkdvbg b kb rdbkizbnig fdk fdkito pogddspdnibk gabsis dg kbs nbusbs dstrunturbkds dnogeinbs+ sonibkds y nukturbkds) qud ko sustdgtbg'

2< Dgtrd kbs qud fdstbnbrbg kbs bndrtbfbs rdvisiogds qud tbgto dg gudstro pbs+ noeo b givdk eugfibk+ `bgkkdvbfo b nbho fivdrsbs nrieigkojbs \bt Nbrkdg+ Ebrid%Bgfrd Hdrtrbgf+ Xosd Ebry Hbrhdrdt+ DkisbhdtBkedfb+ Dst`dr Miegdz ^bkigbs+ Dkdgb Kbrrburi+ Nogndpnig Ybjd+ E' M'Eirbgfb+ dtn'22 B givdk bnbfeino+ nogtbeos nog dstufios y fonuedgtos fd trbhbmo qud bportbg ugb noepkdtbpdrspdntivb fd kb prntinb pdgitdgnibrib noepbrbfb+ dgtrd kos qud nbhd nitbr por su rdkdvbgnib dk dstufioEI\ Eumdrds+ igtdjrbnig y prisig bgtdrioredgtd nitbfo3 dk Dstufio Igtdrgbniogbk sohrd dk rjiedgpdgitdgnibrio fd Eumdrds+ dvbkubnig+ dstufio fd gdndsifbfds y edmords prntinbs firijifo fdsfd kbTgivdrsifbf fd Jrdiaswbkf dg 8


18/35



:' \oktinbs phkinbs pdgitdgnibribs fdsfd kb pdrspdntivb fd jgdro' Dk

\rojrbeb fd Bnniogds pbrb kb ijubkfbf

Ds dstos ktieos bos ds nubgfo+ hbmo dk iepukso fd kbs gudvbs gorebtivbs fd

ijubkfbf y dk bfdnubfo nogonieidgto fd kbs pbrtinukbrifbfds fd kbs eumdrds+ dg

tofos kos sdntords sonibkds+ gbniogbkds d igtdrgbniogbkds sd `bg ifo bnoedtidgfo

behiniosos pkbgds fd bntubnig dgnbeigbfos b drrbfinbr kos abntords fd

fisnrieigbnig pdrsistdgtds' Dk nogtdxto gorebtivo dg gudstro pbs sd prdst b

kifdrbr kb iepkbgtbnig fd ieportbgtds rdaorebs kdjiskbtivbs pbrb kb proeonig fd

kb ijubkfbf fd oportugifbfds dgtrd `oehrds y eumdrds' Dg nognrdto bqudkkbs qud

rdnojdg kbs rdnidgtds iginibtivbs kdjiskbtivbs=

Kb Kdy >9/99 fd 4 fd Govidehrd pbrb proeovdr kb nognikibnig fd kb vifb

abeikibr y kbhorbk fd kbs pdrsogbs trbhbmbforbs+

Kb KO 2/8


19/35



dk ebrno rdjukbfor fd kb gorebtivb duropdb d igtdrgbniogbk qud fdaigd kos

dstgfbrds egieos bpkinbhkds dg ug rjiedg pdgitdgnibrio hbsbfo dg kos

Fdrdn`os @uebgos28+ kb bhokinig fd nubkquidr trbto fdjrbfbgtd `bnib kos

privbfos fd kihdrtbf2> y kb supdrbnig fd kos posihkds abntords fd fisnrieigbnig+

dgtrd kos qud sd dgnudgtrbg kos hbsbfos dg dk jgdro26'

Dg dk orfdg pdgitdgnibrio kb dmdnunig bfeigistrbtivb fd gudstro pbs trbtb fd sdr

pkdgbedgtd jbrbgtistb y rdspdtuosb nog dk ebrno rdjukbfor fd kbs gorebs

pdgitdgnibribs igtdrgbniogbkds+ fdsfd kbs Xdjkbs Egiebs pbrb dk trbtbeidgto fd

kos Xdnkusos+ fd 2944 b kb rdnidgtd Xdnoedgfbnig Xdn' (8 Kb Nogvdgnig nogtrb kb torturb y otros trbtos o pdgbs nrudkds+ ig`uebgos o fdjrbfbgtds + fdk Nogsdmo fd

Duropb fd 290:+ rbtiainbfb por tofos kos dstbfos eidehros y qud nrdb ug rjbgo fd nogtrok

igfdpdgfidgtd N\V)+ nuybs rdnoedgfbniogds+ sig sdr dstrintbedgtd vignukbgtds+ posddg ugb butorifbf

eorbk igfisnutihkd'

26 Kb Nogvdgnig fd kbs Gbniogds Tgifbs sohrd kb dkieigbnig fd tofbs kbs aorebs fd fisnrieigbnig nogtrbkb Eumdr+ fd 29:9+ y kb Fdnkbrbnig fd kbs Gbniogds Tgifbs sohrd dkieigbnig fd kb viokdgnib nogtrb kbEumdr+ fd 299>24 Bfoptbfb por kb Noeisig fd Eigistros fd 22 fd dgdro fd 8


20/35


8


21/35



Nogsistdg dg ug nogmugto fd ohmdtivos y edfifbs toebfbs y

bprohbfbs por ug Johidrgo y qud fdhdg kkdvbrsd b nbho por kos

fiadrdgtds fdpbrtbedgtos juhdrgbedgtbkds dg ug pdriofo

nognrdto fd tidepo29'

^u edtb ds nogsdjuir qud tofbs kbs \oktinbs \hkinbs sdbg

aoreukbfbs+ dmdnutbfbs y dvbkubfbs nog pdrspdntivb fd jgdro' Dk

ebigstrdbeigj o trbgsvdrsbkifbf8< sdr kb dstrbtdjib pbrb

nogsdjuir fin`b pdrspdntivb fd jgdro'

Dstb Dstrbtdjib jkohbk fd Jgdro nogsistirb+ por tbgto+ dg rdpdgsbr y

rdpkbgtdbr tofbs kbs bnniogds y projrbebs dg ebrn`b+ tdgidgfo dg

nogsifdrbnig qud vbg b sdr bpkinbfbs tbehig b ugb pohkbnig adedgigb'

Kb Igstitunig \dgitdgnibrib dg sigtogb nog kb bnnig fdk Johidrgo y kbs gorebs y

rdnoedgfbniogds gbniogbkds d igtdrgbniogbkds+ sd noeproedti tbehig dg dk

bo 8


22/35



Bprovdn`br bntivbedgtd dk tidepo fd pdrebgdgnib dg prisig pbrb

nogtrihuir b roepdr kbs hbrrdrbs sonibkds y pdrsogbkds fd kbs eumdrds qud

pufidrdg fiainuktbr ugb bfdnubfb igsdrnig sonibk y dk pkdgo dmdrninio fd

sus fdrdnòs fd niufbfbgb'

Dk projrbeb fd ijubkfbf qud bg pdrebgdnd dg vijor+ puds go sd `b pkbgtdbfo

eofiainbnig bkjugb) dst pkbgtdbfo noeo ugb behiniosb @omb fd rutb+

pbrtidgfo fd kb dx`bustivb ifdgtiainbnig fd kbs gdndsifbfds fd edmorb qud sd

prdnisbg bnoedtdr dg kb jkohbkifbf fdk ehito pdgitdgnibrio pbrb ir bnoedtidgfo

pono b pono nbfb ugb fd dkkbs b tdgor fd kb priorifbf y oportugifbf qud sd

fdtdreigd)+ sideprd hbmo kb nogstbtbnig fd qud kbs eumdrds tidgdg pdraikds

pdgbkds fiadrdgtds y gdndsifbfds fd rd`bhikitbnig fistigtbs b kbs fd kos òehrds'

\or su nbrntdr trbgsvdrsbk+ iepkinb b fivdrsbs rdbs fd kbs fiadrdgtds

suhfirdnniogds jdgdrbkds= aorebnig+ sbgifbf+ rdnursos ùebgos+ trbhbmo

pdgitdgnibrio+ dtn' Dg k sd fdaigdg nubtro jrbgfds rdbs jdgdrbkds fd bntubnig+

y b trbvs fd dkkbs sd irg fdsbrrokkbgfo kb totbkifbf fd bnniogds nognrdtbs b

bnoedtdr= B) Bntubniogds b givdk orjbgizbtivo3 H) Ohsdrvbtorio pdrebgdgtd pbrb

fdtdntbr y drrbfinbr kos abntords fd fisnrieigbnig hbsbfos dg dk jgdro3 N)

Btdgnig igtdjrbk b kbs gdndsifbfds fd kbs eumdrds dgnbrndkbfbs3 y F) \kbgds pbrb

abvordndr kb drrbfinbnig fd kb Qiokdgnib fd Jgdro y pbkibr sus nogsdnudgnibs'Y sd ìzo nogtbgfo fdsfd dk priedr eoedgto nog jrbgfds dxpdrtos dg tdebs fdjgdro+ y kb bsifub nokbhorbnig fd orjbgiseos noeproedtifos nog kbs poktinbs

fd ijubkfbf' \brb dkko sd dstbhkdni ugb Noeisig Vnginb+ b eofo fd

Ohsdrvbtorio fdk \rojrbeb fd Bnniogds pbrb kb Ijubkfbf qud sirvidsd fd jub+

bpoyo+ y dkdedgto norrdntor b ko kbrjo fd su fdsbrrokko' Dstd Ohsdrvbtorio dstb

noepudsto por proadsiogbkds rdnogonifos fd fivdrsbs rdbs3 igstituto fd kb

Eumdr+ ugivdrsifbf+ orjbgizbniogds go juhdrgbedgtbkds+ mufinbturb+ fdrdnò fd

abeikib+ viokdgnib fd jgdro+ oridgtbnig abeikibr+ edgords+ dxpdrtos

pdgitdgnibrios+ dtn88

'

Dg dk tidepo fd vijdgnib fd dstd projrbeb iginibfo dg 8


23/35


8>Kbs Eumdrds dg dk ehito \dgitdgnibrio

B) pbrb noepdgsbr dk nostd abeikibr y dk ebyor suarieidgto fd kb eumdr dg

su dgnbrndkbeidgto+ sd `bg proeovifo nbehios kdjbkds+ noeo kb rdnidgtd

eofiainbnig fdk Nfijo \dgbk8>+ qud beigorb kb pdgb b kos supudstos fd fdkitos

nogtrb kb sbkuf phkinb fogfd ebyoritbribedgtd pbrtinipbg kbs eumdrds+ y propinib

ednbgiseos fd sustitunig fd kb pdgb por dxpuksig dg dk nbso fd igtdrgbsdxtrbgmdrbs' Vbehig sd `bg ignrdedgtbfo kos ednbgiseos pbrb potdgnibr dk

nuepkieidgto fd kbs eumdrds dg rjiedg fd sdei kihdrtbf86+ b kb vdz qud kb

dxtdgsb fiausig fd kb rdf fd ndgtros fd igsdrnig sonibk84+ tofos dkkos nog rdsdrvb

fd pkbzbs fd eumdrds+ abnikitb kb ndrnbgb b su rdsifdgnib'

NDGVXO^ FD IG^DXNIG ^ONIBK FD KB BFEIGI^VXBNIG JDGDXBK FDK D^VBFO

8> Tgb rdaoreb qud dgtr dg vijor dk 8> fd Finidehrd fd 8


24/35



H) \roydntos fd gudvbs dstrunturbs pdgitdgnibribs81y rdvisig fd kbs bntubkds)

igtrofunidgfo dg tofos kos pkbgtdbeidgtos brquitdntginos y fd dquipbeidgtos kb

pdrspdntivb fd jgdro+ nog btdgnig augfbedgtbk b posihikitbr ugb bfdnubfb

nkbsiainbnig pdgitdgnibrib+ y rdnogsifdrbnig fd kos dspbnios y dgsdrds fd kos

ndgtros pbrb bmustbrsd b kbs gdndsifbfds fd dstb pohkbnig'

N) Fisdo y fdsbrrokko fd projrbebs dspdnainos pbrb kb pohkbnig adedgigb+

puds dg su jgdsis+ kb ebyorb fd kbs igtdrvdgniogds psinodfunbtivbs o

tdrbputinbs dstbhbg pkbgtdbfbs pbrb ugb pohkbnig ebsnukigb o igfiadrdgnibfb=

\riorizbnig y jdgdrbkizbnig fd kos efukos fd rdspdto8: pronurbgfo qud sd

trbskbfdg nog dk eiseo givdk fd nbkifbf b kos ndgtros y fdpbrtbedgtos fd

eumdrds+ yb qud dstd eofdko dg pkdgb dxpbgsig bpdgbs sd `bhb iepkbgtbfo

dg kos dspbnios adedgigos+ fdhifo b qud dg kb ebyorb fd kos dstbhkdnieidgtostbg soko sd nogtbhb nog ug gino efuko' îg dehbrjo+ dk pdraik fd kb jrbg

ebyorb fd kbs eumdrds ds susndptihkd fd pbrtinipbr fd dstb iginibtivb por ko

qud `b sifo prdnisb ugb butgtinb nbepbb fd igaorebnig y sdgsihikizbnig b

tofos kos givdkds pbrb qud dstd sistdeb bnbhd iepkinbgfo b kb igedgsb

ebyorb fd kbs eumdrds igjrdsbfbs dg prisig80'

Btdgnig b kbs eumdrds vntiebs fd viokdgnib fd jgdro' Dg kos ndgtros

pdgitdgnibrios tbehig rdsifdg eumdrds quidgds+ nog igfdpdgfdgnib fdk `dnò

fdkintivo qud `b provonbfo su igtdrgbeidgto+ brrbstrbg ardnudgtdedgtd ug

ìstoribk pdrsogbk sbturbfo fd dpisofios fd bjrdsiogds' Tgb fd kbs kgdbs

dstrbtjinbs es rdkdvbgtd fd dstd projrbeb+ hbmo dk iepukso fdk

Ohsdrvbtorio) sog kos pkbgds pbrb abvordndr kb drrbfinbnig fd kb viokdgnib fd

jgdro y pbkibr sus nogsdnudgnibs+ fiseiguydgfo kb vukgdrbhikifbf fd kb eumdr

rdnkusb+ dg jdgdrbk+ b suarir situbniogds fd viokdgnib y/o fdpdgfdgnib'

81 ^d rdpkbgtd dk fisdo fd kos fos ndgtros pdgfidgtds fd bprohbnig Qbkdgnib y Bgtdqudrb)+ ignkuydgfo

dg behos ug gudvo eofdko fd efukos pbrb eumdrds vdrstikds d igtdrnogdntbfos qud pdreitdg edmorbrkb nkbsiainbnig igtdrior y rdgtbhikizbr kos dspbnios soniodfunbtivos'8: Kos Efukos fd Xdspdto sog ugb gudvb aoreb fd dstrunturbr kb nogvivdgnib dg kos dspbniospdgitdgnibriosqud sd hbsbg dg ug sistdeb fd orjbgizbnig y augniogbeidgto fogfd dk igtdrgo+ igtdjrbfodg ug jrupo+ tidgd ugb iepkinbnig bntivb y firdntb dg kb vifb fdk eofuko' Tgb aoreb fiadrdgtd fd dstbrdg kb prisig' Fd vivir kb \risig'80 Dg Dgdro fd 8


25/35



\brb bnoedtdr dstd ohmdtivo sd nogvon b ug jrupo fd dxpdrtos

igtdrfisnipkigbr psinkojos+ muristbs+ sonikojos+ sbgitbrios+ dtn')+ dgtrd kos qud

sd dgnogtrbhbg proadsiogbkds pdgitdgnibrios nog dxpdridgnib dg kb

igtdrvdgnig nog eumdrds y viokdgnib fd jgdro+ pdrsogbk fdk igstituto fd kb

Eumdr+ fdk nbepo bnbfeino y rdfds sonibkds' Dgtrd tofos+ y rdvisbgfo kbfonuedgtbnig prddxistdgtd+ kb kitdrbturb puhkinbfb b givdk gbniogbk d

igtdrgbniogbk y kbs dxpdridgnibs fd hudgbs prbxis+ sd `b dkbhorbfo ug

govdfoso Ebgubk pbrb eumdrds nog ug `istoribk fd viokdgnib fd jgdro+

fdgoeigbfo ^dr eumdr' d^ 89' \ostdrioredgtd sd `b aorebfo b kos

proadsiogbkds gdndsbrios brb ir iepkbgtbgfo dstd projrbeb dspdnaino dg tofos

bqudkkos ndgtros qud nudgtdg nog pohkbnig adedgigb'

Bfdnubnig fd kos projrbebs fd btdgnig b frojofdpdgfidgtds b kbs

dspdniainifbfds adedgigbs' Ds ug `dn`o qud bntubkedgtd go sd nudgtb nog

projrbebs fd trbtbeidgto igtdjrbkds bfdnubfos bk jgdro y bk pdraik fd kbs

eumdrds frojofdpdgfidgtds+ bpkingfosd projrbebs fd trbtbeidgto y

rdigsdrnig jdgrinos qud go tidgdg dg nudgtb sus pdnukibrifbfds+ noeo ug

ebyor fdtdrioro pdrsogbk+ abeikibr y sonibk+ hbmb butodstieb+ prfifb fd

butogoeb+ dtn' Dsto kbs nogfund bk bhbgfogo fd kos projrbebs dg kos qud

pbrtinipbg y b rdnbdr dg kos nogsueos fd frojbs+ dg fdaigitivb+ b ug

sijgiainbtivo arbnbso dg su rdigsdrnig sonibk' Fdsfd 8


26/35



Nrdbnig y fiausig fd ug prondfieidgto y ug sdrvinio fd Edfibnig abeikibr

fdgtro fd kbs bntubniogds firijifbs b abnikitbr dk aortbkdnieidgto o rdstburbnig

fdk dgtorgo abeikibr+ augfbedgtbkedgtd nubgfo `by edgords dg ridsjo sonibk

iepkinbfos' Dg dk bo 82 nog kb prdsugnig fd qud pufidrb jdgdrbkizbrsdbk rdsto fd ndgtros pdgitdgnibrios nog eumdrds+ dxpdridgnib qud

kbedgtbhkdedgtd `b qudfbfo dg suspdgso por nbrdndr fd aigbgnibnig

dxtdrgb

F) Dkbhorbnig d iepkbgtbnig fd etofos fd bgkisis fd jdstig qud

pdreitbg dvbkubr pdrifinbedgtd kbs nogfiniogds dg qud sd fdsbrrokkb kb

dmdnunig pdgitdgnibrib fd kbs eumdrds rdspdnto b kos òehrds' \brb dkko sd

pkbgtd kb gdndsifbf fd fisdbr ugb dsnbkb o eofdko fd edfinig ohmdtivb nog

dk qud ir dvbkubgfo kos bvbgnds ohtdgifos edfibgtd kb bpkinbnig fdk projrbeb dg

rdbs noeo kbs nogfiniogds fd vifb+ kos fdrdnòs augfbedgtbkds trbhbmo+

dfunbnig+ sbkuf+ noeuginbniogds+ d ijubkfbf fd oportugifbfds dg kb bfdnubnig

y bnndso b projrbebs y bntivifbfds)>83 y posihikitbr dk dstbhkdnieidgto fd

ohmdtivos fd edmorb dg ijubkfbf fd jgdro dg dk fisdo bgubk fd kos ohmdtivos fd

nbfb fdpbrtbedgto fd kb Firdnnig Jdgdrbk y dg nbfb ugo fd kos Dstbhkdnieidgtos

\dgitdgnibrios+ y edgnig fd rdsuktbfos dg kbs edeoribs bgubkds' \brb dkko+

noeo kgdb hbsd y pugto fd pbrtifb sd kkdv b nbho+ dg nokbhorbnig nog kb TGDF+

ugb behiniosb igvdstijbnig nog rdnojifb fd fbtos dg VOFO^ kos ndgtros fd kb

BJD+ nuybs nognkusiogds `bg qudfbfo rdakdmbfbs dg kb puhkinbnig Nogfdgbfbs b

kb fdsijubkfbf îstdeb fd igfinbfords fd fisnrieigbnig pdgitdgnibrib

(ÎGFI^NXI\)+ y nuybs nognkusiogds jkohbkds pudfd rdvisbr dk bkuego dg kb

fonuedgtbnig noepkdedgtbrib fd kb bsijgbturb'

D) Btdgnig dspdnainb b kb ebtdrgifbf dg prisig' Nog kb nrdbnig fd kbs

gudvbs dstrunturbs rdsifdgnibkds+ kbs TGIFBFD^ DPVDXGB^ FD EBFXD^>> nog kbs

qud sd husnbhb sdjrdjbr fdaigitivbedgtd kbs Tgifbfds fd Ebfrds fd kos ndgtrospdgitdgnibrios' Fbfb kb trbsndgfdgnib kd fd dstd ohmdtivo kd fdfinbeos ug

bpbrtbfo dspdnaino'

>2 Kkdvbfo b nbho por proadsiogbkds fd dstb dspdnibkifbf fdk Nokdjio fd \sinokojb fd Bgfbkunb Onnifdgtbkdg dk Ndgtro \dgitdgnibrio fd Eumdrds fd Bknbk fd Jubfbrb'>8 suhvdgniogbfb fdgtro fdk projrbeb I#F fdk Eigistdrio fd Nidgnib d Iggovbnig' QIDFEB XOMB^+ B' QBKNIF+ N'' YBJD OKEO^+ N'' Y NOK' Nogfdgbfbs b kb Ijubkfbf' îstdeb fd igfinbfords fd fisnr ieigbnigpdgitdgnibrib' Df' Inbrib 8>>

Dg rdf=`ttp=//www'iipp'ds/wdh/dxport/sitds/fdabukt/fbtos/fdsnbrjbhkds/puhkinbniogds/Tgifbfds_Dxtdrgbs_fd_Ebfrds_bnndsihkd'pfa


27/35


8:Kbs Eumdrds dg dk ehito \dgitdgnibrio

0' Kb Ebtdrgifbf dg \risig' Kbs Tgifbfds fd Ebfrds

Kb pdrebgdgnib fd kos gios edgords dg dk igtdrior fd kos ndgtros pdgitdgnibrios+

ds kb nogsdnudgnib fd kb gorebtivb kdjbk qud pdreitd qud kbs eumdrds qud `bg fd

`bndr ardgtd b ugb rdspogsbhikifbf pdgbk pudfbg ebgtdgdr dg su noepbb b sus

`imos fd nortb dfbf' Bs ko dstbhkdnd dk Brt' >0 fd kb Kdy Orjginb Jdgdrbk

\dgitdgnibrib' Dg sdptidehrd fd 8


28/35



Tgifbfds fdpdgfidgtds pdqudos `ojbrds pbrb igtdrgbs dg rjiedg

fd sdeikihdrtbf)+ dg nokbhorbnig fd bkjugb dgtifbf phkinb o privbfb Dsnudkbs igabgtikds jubrfdrbs pdradntbedgtd fotbfbs nog dspdnibkistbs

dg dfunbnig igabgtik qud sd dgnbrjbg fd kb projrbebnig dfunbniogbk ykfinb fd kos edgords)+

D ignkuso ug Efuko abeikibr fogfd kos eidehros fd ugb pbrdmb

pudfdg noepbrtir kb nribgzb fd kos edgords nubgfo behos sd

dgnudgtrbg dg prisig)'

@bg sifo dstrunturbs tikds y govdfosbs tdgfdgtds b rdsokvdr prohkdetinbs

dspdnainbs+ augfbedgtbkedgtd dg kb btdgnig fd kbs ebfrds y kos edgords

iepkinbfos dg dk sistdeb pbrb qud pufidrbg fdsdgvokvdrsd dg ug behidgtdpkdgbedgtd gorebkizbfo nog nogfiniogds pbrdnifbs y dg eun`bs vdnds

supdriords b kbs fd su propio dgtorgo fd prondfdgnib+ y qud surjdg por iginibtivb

fd kos propios proadsiogbkds pdgitdgnibrios o por nokbhorbniogds fdstbnbfbs fd

fdtdreigbfbs orjbgizbniogds go juhdrgbedgtbkds+ o dgtifbfds phkinbs' Ds b

pbrtir fd 2992 nubgfo pofdeos nogsifdrbr kb dxistdgnib fd ugb priedrb

dstrbtdjib igstituniogbk pbrb dxtdgfdr dk eofdko fd kbs Tgifbfds fd ebfrds b ko

kbrjo fd kb jdojrbab gbniogbk' Dstd eofdko `b nuepkifo bepkibedgtd sus

ohmdtivos b ko kbrjo fd sus es fd 8< bos fd vijdgnib'B pdsbr fd kos jrbgfds bvbgnds qud dsto `b supudsto drb anik nogstbtbr qud kb

ebyorb fd kos gios qud bnoepbbg b sus ebfrds furbgtd dk igtdrgbeidgto

rdsifbg dg kos efukos nogvdrtifos dg ugifbfds fd ebfrds dg dk igtdrior fd kbs

prisiogds>6' Dstos efukos bugqud bfbptbfos b su uso+ nbrdndg fd dspbnios

suainidgtds bk bird kihrd+ kbs `bhitbniogds ieprovisbfbs dg kbs ndkfbs iepifdg ugb

norrdntb kihdrtbf fd eovieidgtos fd kos edgords+ y kb gorebtivb+ bsieikbfb dg

jrbg pbrtd b kos fdes efukos+ ds ebrnbfbedgtd rdstrintivb'

Dg dk bo 86 Kb igarbutikizbnig bntubk fd kbs Tgifbfds Fdpdgfidgtds sd `b fdhifo dgtrd otros eotivos b kb

jdgdrbkizbnig fd otrbs eofbkifbfds fd bpkinbnig fdk rjiedg bhidrto+ augfbedgtbkedgtd dk nogtrokedfibgtd edfios tdkdetinos ko qud abnikitb kb ignorporbnig fd kbs eumdrds b sus rdspogsbhikifbfdsabeikibrds'


29/35



dk pdrsogbk y sdrvinios gdndsbrios pbrb su augniogbeidgto' Dk dgtorgo qud kbs

rofdb pdreitd qud kos edgords fisarutdg fd ugb bepkib visig fd kb vifb

orfigbrib= nbkkds+ nbepo+ non`ds+ dtn'' ^u nbrbntdrstinb es gotorib ds qud dstg

pdgsbfbs fdsfd su iginio pbrb kb pohkbnig qud vb b bkhdrjbr+ y fispogdg fd

tofos bqudkkos dspbnios prdnisos pbrb btdgfdr kbs gdndsifbfds dspdnainbs quddxijdg kos nuifbfos fd kos edgords y kbs fd aorebnig igtdjrbk fd kbs ebfrds'

Dk \kbg fd beortizbnig y nrdbnig fd ndgtros\dgitdgnibrios 81 sd prdtdgfd

sdjrdjbr fdaigitivbedgtd kbs Tgifbfds fd Ebfrds fd kos ndgtros pdgitdgnibrios+

igfdpdgfizbrkbs fd kos eiseos y fotbrkbs fd noepkdtb butogoeb pdgitdgnibrib

pbrb dstbhkdndr ug rjiedg fd nogvivdgnib dspdnaino' ^d `b fisdbfo nbfb

dkdedgto dstrunturbk+ fdsfd su vistoso bspdnto dxtdrior b kb fotbnig fd dspbnios

dfunbtivos3 fdsfd kb igtieifbf abeikibr qud proporniogbg kos pdqudos

bpbrtbedgtos b kbs fisnrdtbs edfifbs fd sdjurifbf3 dg orfdg b abnikitbr ug

fdsbrrokko breogioso fd kos edgords y ugb bfdnubfb rdkbnig ebtdrgo aikibk' \or

>4 Ignkuso sd rdbkiz dk proydnto fd otrb ktieb dg Kdg dg ugb postdrior rdvisig fdk \kbg qud `b qudfbfobpkbzbfb por ohvibs rbzogds prdsupudstbribs'>1

Dg rdf=`ttp=//www'iipp'ds/wdh/dxport/sitds/fdabukt/fbtos/fdsnbrjbhkds/puhkinbniogds/Tgifbfds_Dxtdrgbs_fd_Ebfrds_bnndsihkd'pfa


30/35


>


31/35


>2Kbs Eumdrds dg dk ehito \dgitdgnibrio

9' Kbs \drspdntivbs fd auturo' Nbeigo b kb rdigtdjrbnig sonibk

Yb `deos nogonifo kbs rbzogds fd eun`bs fd dstbs eumdrds pbrb su igedrsig dg

kb bntivifbf fdkintivb y neo sd fdsdgvudkvd su vifb dg dk ehito nbrndkbrio+ y

kkdjbfos b dstd pugto gos dgnogtrbeos bgtd dk ebyor fd kos igtdrrojbgtds+ Y

fdspus fd kb nrndk qu?

Bugqud go `by ug pbtrg noeg fd eumdr dgnbrndkbfb puds nbfb ugb barogtb

ug orijdg tgino+ sonibk y nukturbk3 y ugb `istorib fd vifb fiadrdgtd)+ si pofdeos

bndrnbrgos b ugb visig jkohbk fd kbs fiainuktbfds nog qud vbg b dgnogtrbrsd trbs

su dxnbrndkbnig'

Tg dkdedgto ieportbgtd dg kb dxpdridgnib nbrndkbrib fd dstbs eumdrds ds qud

rdnogondg su rdspogsbhikifbf fdkintivb noeo ug drror fd nknuko+ y bsuedg kbs

nogsdnudgnibs nog fonikifbf+ y prdnisbedgtd por dstd eotivo trbtbg fd

rdgtbhikizbr kb pdrebgdgnib dg prisig noeo ug pugto fd igakdxig nog vistbs b

sbkir rdaorzbfbs fd dstb dxpdridgnib' \or dkko ds ieportbgtd nogondr dk fisnurso

sohrd kbs pdrspdntivbs fd su auturb igtdjrbnig sonibk'

Dg dk rdkbto fd sus vifbs noeprohbeos noeo kbs fiadrdgtds dstrbtdjibs pbrbbhorfbr kb supdrvivdgnib dg kihdrtbf igeijrbnig+ ebtrieogios fd nogvdgidgnib+

prostitunig+ dtn'+) go `bg nogmurbfo dk pdkijro fd su igedrsig dg dk fdkito'

Ohvibedgtd+ kb prisig por s sokb go ds nbpbz fd rdsokvdr kb ebyorb fd dstbs

situbniogds' Euy bk nogtrbrio+ dk tidepo prokogjbfo fd pdrebgdgnib igtrofund

otrbs vbribhkds qud vbg b kbstrbr sus posihikifbfds fd igtdjrbnig auturbs= go

pofdr `bndr ardgtd b sus rdspogsbhikifbfds+ kb prfifb fd kos badntos+

fdsdquikihrios psinokjinos+ dtn'+ ko qud kb bnbrrdbr nogsdnudgnibs gdjbtivbs qud

`bndg kb hrdn`b fd kb dxnkusig es proaugfb' Ardnudgtdedgtd dgnogtrbeos

qud dxistd ug nidrto bhiseo dgtrd kbs dxpdntbtivbs fd auturo qud ebgiaidstb dstbs

kbs eumdrds y kbs pdrspdntivbs rdbkds fd igtdjrbnig gorebkizbfb' Dg dstd sdgtifo

vbeos b rdpbsbr kbs nogfiniogds qud `bg fd barogtbr trbs su pudstb dg kihdrtbf

Kbs nbrjbs abeikibrds'

Fdgtro fdk rok qud es ardnudgtdedgtd bsuedg kbs eumdrds dg jdgdrbk+ y

gudstrbs dgnudstbfbs por dxtdgsig+ ds dk fd `bndr ardgtd b kbs rdspogsbhikifbfds

fd nuifbfo fd `imos y pdrsogbs fdpdgfidgtds' Kb prisig go beigorb dsb

rdspogsbhikifbf+ euy bk nogtrbrio+ dk dgnbrndkbeidgto pudfd sdgtirsd noeo ug


32/35



bhbgfogo igvokugtbrio fd dsbs ohkijbniogds bugqud dk ebgtdgieidgto

dnogeino fdk gnkdo abeikibr dst dg kb eotivbnig prieorfibk fd eunòs

fdkitos)+ pronurbgfo ugb sohrdnbrjb fd nukpbhikifbf y suarieidgto sohrd tofo si

`bg tdgifo qud fdmbr kb nribgzb fd sus imos b nbrjo fd otrbs pdrsogbs+ o `bg

pdrfifo su nustofib por go pofdr btdgfdrkos dg dstos eoedgtos' Euyprohbhkdedgtd dk ohmdtivo prioritbrio fd dstbs eumdrds sdb rdtoebr kbs ridgfbs fd

kb abeikib o rddstrunturbr kos rokds pbrdgtbkds fikuifos+ noeo dg kos nbsos dg qud

dk dstbfo sd `b `dnò nbrjo fd kos ìmos' Y pogdrsd bk ardgtd fd su

ebgtdgieidgto y nuifbfo

Dxpdntbtivbs kbhorbkds

Kb hsqudfb fd ug depkdo noeo edfio fd suhsistdgnib ds pdrdgtorib' Kbs

dxpdntbtivbs sog rdbkistbs+ puds nudgtbg nog su dxpdridgnib bgtdrior+ y nogondgkbs fiainuktbfds fdk edrnbfo kbhorbk+ y bugqud sideprd quisidrbg bspirbr b ug

noedtifo bnorfd nog su aorebnig o kos nogonieidgtos bfquirifos dg su dgnidrro+

dk sdgtifo prntino kds igfinb qud `bhrg fd bsueir nubkquidr oportugifbf qud sd

kds prdsdgtd+ bfdnubgfo sus dxijdgnibs b kbs dsnbsbs oportugifbfds b su bknbgnd+

nbsi fd aoreb igdkufihkd dg tbrdbs nog ugb audrtd nbrjb fd rok fd jgdro+ noeo dk

nuifbfo fd pdrsogbs ebyords+ kiepidzb o nonigb

Dk trbhbmo+ kb igfdpdgfdgnib dnogeinb+ nogtbr nog ugb vividgfb fijgb+ onupbrsd

fd kb abeikib+ dstos sog kos sudos es rdnurrdgtds ardgtd b ug auturo prxieo d

ifdbk' Bkjugbs fd kbs eumdrds bfdes `bg edmorbfo su aorebnig+ o `bg

nogsdjuifo trbhbmo dg su dstbgnib dg prisig+ ignkuso suainidgtdedgtd

rdeugdrbfo pbrb ebgfbr figdro nog ko qud ebgtdgdr b kb abeikib y pbrb `bndr

ardgtd bk iginio fd ug auturo ignidrto' Dg otros nbsos `bg pofifo pbrtinipbr dg

dxpdridgnibs dxitosbs fd bnoepbbeidgto kbhorbk o projrbebs fd butodepkdo o

deprdgfdfords+ pdro dstos nbsos sog kos edgos guedrosos' Eun`bs fd dstbs

dxpdridgnibs positivbs dg prisig go tidgdg visos fd nogtiguifbf' Kb abktb fd fd

projrbebs igstituniogbkds+ fd oportugifbfds y vbs rdbkistbs fd rdigsdrnig

kbhorbk kds bhonb b fdpdgfdr fd otrbs sokuniogds' \rohbhkdedgtd rdn`bndg fd

pkbgo kbs vbs ebrjigbkds fd suhsistdgnib+ noeo rdnurrir fd gudvo bk fdkito o dk

dmdrninio fd kb prostitunig bugqud dstbs audrbg kbs opniogds dkdjifbs nog

bgtdriorifbf)' Otrbs vdnds+ kb sokunig sd husnb dg kb protdnnig y kb

fdpdgfdgnib dnogeinb fd bkjugb gudvb rdkbnig onbsiogbk bfquirifb furbgtd

dk igtdrgbeidgto'

Kos bntubkds prondsos fd sdkdnnig pdgbk provonbg kb nrieigbkizbnig fd kbseumdrds pohrds y/o dxnkuifbs sonibkedgtd+ fdeudstrb qud dk dgnbrndkbeidgto go


33/35


>>Kbs Eumdrds dg dk ehito \dgitdgnibrio

oardnd fin`bs oportugifbfds+ sigo qud+ provonb qud kbs eumdrds qud go dstbhbg

dxnkuifbs sonibkedgtd+ sd dgnudgtrdg b su sbkifb nog ug neuko fd fdsvdgtbmbs

sonibkds y dnogeinbs+ y qud kbs qud yb ko dstbhbg sbkjbg fd prisig dg ugb

situbnig tofbvb es bjrbvbfb fd dxnkusig sonibk

Kb propudstb prignipbk qud kb igvdstijbnig duropdb EI\ ds qud kb pohkbnig fd

eumdrds prdsbs fdhd sdr sdvdrbedgtd rdfunifb si ko qud sd prdtdgfd ds fbr

soportd b kos prondsos fd ignkusig sonibk y rdfunir kb rdignifdgnib' 2% Bvbgzbr

`bnib dk uso fd kbs poktinbs sonibkds y fd kb rdspudstb sonibk pbrb fdhikitbr kos

prondsos fd dxnkusig sonibk qud dstg vividgfo dstbs eumdrds' 8% Bvbgzbr `bnib dk

egieo uso fd kb rdspudstb pdgbk pbrb depdzbr b jbrbgtizbr ugb rdfunnig fdk

dgnbrndkbeidgto y fd kb rdignifdgnib fd kbs eumdrds' >% y+ nubgfo kb bpkinbnig fd

kb pdgb privbtivb fd kihdrtbf sd `bnd igdvitbhkd+ bvbgzbr `bnib dk nbehio fd kos

ednbgiseos bntubkds pbrb qud fdg rdspudstb b kbs gdndsifbfds sonibkds y

dnogeinbs dspdnainbs fd kbs eumdrds dgnbrndkbfbs+ tdgidgfo dg nudgtb dk

iepbnto fd jgdro qud nogtidgd dk dgnbrndkbeidgto y kbs poktinbs pdgbkds

Es bkk fd kbs poktinbs fd sdjurifbf+ y fdk prohbhkd xito fd kos projrbebs fd

igtdrvdgnig dg kb prisig nog dstbs eumdrds bg go `deos sifo nbpbnds fd

bnoedtdr ugb dstrbtdjib y ugb poktinb jkohbk pbrb oardndr ug soportd

rdsifdgnibk+ sonibk y kbhorbk)+ skifo y dadntivo b bqudkkbs qud `bg sifo privbfbs

fd kihdrtbf'


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26' Ebrzo 2999+ pp' 21%8>'

GBNIOGD^ TGIFB^' Xdsokunig 14/889+ Xdjkbs fd kbs Gbniogds Tgifbs pbrb dk trbtbeidgto fd kbs rdnkusbs

y edfifbs go privbtivbs fd kb kihdrtbf pbrb kbs eumdrds fdkignudgtds fdk 21 fd ebrzo fd 8


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XIQB^ G'+ BKEDFB D'+ HOFDKG D'+ XB^VXDBGFO KO IGQI^IHKD' Eumdrds dxtrbgmdrbs dg kbs nrndkds'

Bgt`opos' 8

Tema 2. Diversidad. Las Mujeres en el ámbito penitenciario

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Transcript of Tema 2. Diversidad. Las Mujeres en el ámbito penitenciario