Spanish 1 Grammar Concepts 2014-2015 Glynn Academy Señora Fendig.

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Spanish 1 Grammar Concepts 2014-2015 Glynn Academy Señora Fendig

Transcript of Spanish 1 Grammar Concepts 2014-2015 Glynn Academy Señora Fendig.

Page 1: Spanish 1 Grammar Concepts 2014-2015 Glynn Academy Señora Fendig.

Spanish 1 Grammar Concepts 2014-2015

Glynn AcademySeñora Fendig

Page 2: Spanish 1 Grammar Concepts 2014-2015 Glynn Academy Señora Fendig.

Saludos (Greetings) Despedidas(Farewells)

SALUDOS:

• Hola. Hello.• Buenos días. Good morning.• Buenas tardes. Good afternoon. • Buenas noches. Good evening• ¿Qué pasa? What’s happening?• ¿Qué tal? How’s it going?

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DESPEDIDAS (Farewells)

DESPEDIDAS: • Hasta luego. See you later. • Hasta mañana. See you tomorrow.• Nos vemos. We’ll see each other

soon. • Adiós. Good-bye. • Chao. ‘Bye.

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Kisses on the cheek and hand-shaking

• Did you know? In Spanish-speaking cultures, it is not unusual for females of all ages to lean their faces in a give a slight cheek to cheek kiss, sometimes on one side, and sometimes on both sides of the face.

• Did you know? In casual settings, males in Spanish-speaking cultures will shake hands upon meeting or seeing each other. But males will give a slight cheek to cheek kiss to a female, in a casual setting. (In an office or formal setting, it would be a hand shake.)

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“Familiar” vs. “Formal” Greetings

To a friend or family member The following greetings would be considered INFORMAL: • ¿Cómo estás? (How are you?)• ¿Qué tal? (How’s it going?)

• Heads up hint: The “as” ending on the end of “estás” would indicate that the subject of the question is “tú.” “Tú” is used with a friend to mean “you.”

To an adult (non-family) or a stranger:

• The following greeting would be considered FORMAL:

• ¿Cómo está usted? (How are you?)

• Heads up hint: The “usted” at the end of the question would indicate that the subject of the question is “formal you,” (usted), “Usted” is used with an adult to mean “you.”

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Subject Pronouns

• Yo I• Tú you (familiar or “informal” – to a

child/friend/family/pet)• Él He• Ella She• Usted you (formal – to an adult/stranger)• Nosotros we• Ellos they• Ustedes you plural (or “y’all,” which some of us say if

we are from the southern United States) ☺

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“Ud.” and “Uds.”

Heads up hint:The Spanish word “usted”

(formal you) can be abbreviated “ud.”

The Spanish word “ustedes (you plural) can be abbreviated “uds.”

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“Ser o No Ser” That is the question!(To Be or Not to Be) ☺

In Spanish, the verb “TO BE (am, is, are)” is:

SERyo soy I amtú eres you are

él, ella, usted es he is/she is/you arenosotros somos we areEllos/ustedes son they/you plural are

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The verb “ser” to ask and tell where you are from:

• Heads up hint: “de dónde” means “from where”

• ¿De dónde eres (tú)? (Where are you from?)– Soy de Estados Unidos. (I am from the U.S.)

• ¿De dónde son ustedes? (Where are you plural/y’all from?)

– Somos de Georgia. (We are from Georgia.)

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Teacher and Student Classroom Expressions

Español

• Abre tu libro. →• Escribe tu nombre. →• Levanta la mano. →• Repitan. →• Saca un lápiz/papel… →• Saca tu tarea. →• Mira la pizarra. →• ¿Cómo se dice…? →• Más despacio por favor. →• ¿Qué quiere decir…? →

Inglés

• Open your book.• Write your name.• Raise your hand.• Repeat. • Take out a pencil/paper. • Take out your homework.• Look at the board. • How do you say…?• Slower please. • What does … mean?

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Present Tense Verb Endings

“ar” verbsSUBJECT VERB ENDING

yo otú asél, ella, usted (ud.), quién, Pablo, La chica, etc. a

nosotros, “someone y yo” amosellos, ustedes (uds.) Sam y Will, Mis amigos, etc. an

“er” and “ir” verbsSUBJECT VERB ENDING

yo otú esél, ella, usted (ud.), quién, Pablo, La chica, etc. e

nosotros, “someone y yo”

emos / imos

ellos, ustedes (uds.) Sam y Will, Mis amigos, etc. en

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VerbsList #1 List #2

Estar → To be Ir → To go

Hacer → To do/make Pintar → To paint

Tener → To have Tener que → To have to…

Ser → To be Escribir → To write

Estudiar → To study Escuchar → To listen

Hablar → To speak/talk Leer → To read

Gustar → To like Vivir → To live

Bailar → To dance Cantar → To sing

Comer → To eat Correr → To run

List #3 List #4

Nadar → To swim Patinar → To skate

Trabajar → To work Llevar → To wear/carry

Llegar → To arrive Enseñar → To teach

Mirar → to watch, to look at

Preparar → To prepare

Sacar una buena nota

To get a good grade

Ayudar → To help

Buscar → To look for, to search

Contestar → To answer

Entrar → To enter Esperar → To hope/ to wait for

Necesitar → To need Pasar → To happen, to pass

Pasar un rato con amigos

To spend time with friends

Usar → To use

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More VerbsList #5 List #6Comprar→ To buy Descansar To rest

Terminar→ To finish Tomar To take, to eat/ drink

Visitar → To visit Andar en bicicleta

To ride a bike

Caminar → (con el perro)

To walk, or walk the dog

Pasear To walk/ to stroll

Cenar → To eat dinner

Cuidar (a) To take care of

Hacer ejercicio→

To exercise Pintar To paint

Tocar → To play (an instrument)

Ver To see

Abrir → To open Aprender To learn

Comprender To understand Compartir To share

L:ist #7 List #8Recibir Receive

Vender → to sell

Alquilar → To rent Ir al cine To go to the movies

Ir de compras

To go shopping

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Stem-changing verbsIn Spanish, some verbs are stem-changing. In

Spanish 1, you are only required to know these 15:

(ie) (i) (ue)

Preferir (to prefer) Repetir ( to repeat) Almorzar ( to eat lunch)

Venir (to come) Servir ( to serve) Dormir (to slep)

Querer (to want) Costar (to cost)

Merendar (to snack) Poder (can/ to be able)

Cerrar (to close)

Empezar ( to start/begin)

Entender (to understand)

Pensar (to think/plan)

Perder (to lose)

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How to conjugate Stem-Changing Verbs

PENSAR e→ie

(to think)

piensopiensaspiensa

pensamospiensan

↑Note that

the ENDINGS above are the same as what you’ve already learned!

SERVIR e→i

(to serve)

sirvosirvessirve

servimossirven

DORMIRo→ue

(to sleep)

duermoduermesduerme

dormimosduermen

JUGARu→ue

(to play)

juegojuegasjuega

jugamosJuegan

Heads up hint: If the subject of these verbs is “nosotros (we),” there is NO stem-change. Example: Pensamos, •NOT piensamos.

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The verb “jugar” ( to play)

Jugar (ue) – to playYo juegoTú juegas

Él/ella/usted juegaNosotros jugamos

Ellos/ustedes juegan

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Special Expressions with “tener”Remember the conjugation of tener: tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tienen

• Tener sed• Tener hambre• Tener miedo• Tener frío• Tener calor• Tener …años• Tener suerte• Tener cuidado• Tener prisa• Tener razón

• To be thirsty• To be hungry• To be scared• To be cold• To be hot• To be… years old• To be lucky• To be careful• To be in a hurry• To be right

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The verb “gustar”Me gusta → I like

example: Me gusta el chocolate. (I like chocolate.)

Te gusta → You like example: ¿Te gusta aprender español? (Do you like

learning Spanish?)

Le gusta → He/she/you (formal) like example : A la señora Fendig le gusta enseñar. (Mrs.

Fendig likes to teach.)

Nos gusta → we like example: No nos gusta bailar. (We like to dance.)

Les gusta → They/you plural like example: A las chicas les gusta ir de compras.

(The girls like to go shopping.)

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Irregular verbsHeads up hint: “Irregular” means that these verbs don’t like to stick to the regular verb endings, or they might have a weird spelling in one of

the forms, or other odd things. (Bummer)

hacer

(to make/ to do)

estar

(to be)

Use forms of “estar” to tell location and feelings ↓

ser

(to be)Use forms of “ser” to tell descriptions, occupations, telling time, etc. ↓

ver

(to see)

ir

(to go)

hagohaceshacehacemoshacen

estoyestásestáestamosestán

conozcoconocesconoceconocemosconocen

veovesvevemosven

voyvasvavamosvan

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The verb “gustar” slide #2

• Heads up hint: The verb gustar only has two forms: “gusta” and “gustan”

• Use “gusta” if you are stating that you like ONE thing. Example: Me gusta la clase. (I like the class.)

• Use “gustan” if you are stating that you like MORE THAN ONE thing. Example: Me gustan las clases.

• This year (2014-2015), I only taught you to use “gusta,” not “gustan.”

• Always put “me, te, le, nos, or les” in front of any form of “gustar.” (see previous slide.)

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Days, Months, Seasons, DatesHeads up hint: Don’t capitalize months, seasons, or days of the week, unless they are the

first word of a sentence. lunes Monday

martesTuesday

miércolesWednesday

juevesThursday

viernesFriday

sábadoSaturday

domingoSunday

enero Jan.

FebreroFeb.

MarzoMar.

AbrilApr.

MayoMay

JunioJune

JulioJuly

AgostoAug.

SeptiembreSep.

OctubreOct.

NoviembreNov.

DiciembreDec.

Vocabulary:

el mes = monthel día = day

la semana = weekel calendario = calendar

las estaciones →

la primaveraSpring

el veranoSummer

elotoñoFall

elinviernoWinter

¿Qué día es? ↓

¿Cuál es la fecha? ↓

¿Cuántos meses hay? ↓

¿Cuántas estaciones hay? ↓

What day is it? ↓

What’s the date? ↓

How many months are there? ↓

How many seasons are there? ↓

Es lunes. Es el 19 de diciembre.

Hay doce. Hay cuatro.

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Adjectives

• Adjectives (descriptive words like big, tall, red, etc.) usually go AFTER the noun they describe.

example: Tengo una casa blanca. → I have a red house.

• Adjective endings “agree” in gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural)

examples: the red coat → el abrigo rojo the red scarves → las bufandas rojas

• Adjectives that end in “e” don’t change to o/a examples: la maestra paciente, el abuelo paciente

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Definite Articles (“the”) Indefinite Articles (“a/an/some”)

• “the” = el/la/los/las• “a/an” = un or una• “some” = unos/unas– Examples: the boy-el chico , the boys-los chicos

a girl –una chica, some girls-unas chicas the interesting scarf – la bufanda interesante

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Possessive Adjectives

• my• your (familiar)• his/her/their/your (formal)• our

Heads up hint: Notice that the familiar “your” is tu, not tú with an accent. (Tú with an accent means “You.”)

• mi libro, mis libros• tu libro, tus libros• su libro, sus libros nuestro libro

nuestra familianuestros librosnuestras hermanas

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Telling Time• ¿Qué hora es? = What time is it?

– For minutes :01 - :30, use “y” + the minutes Ex: 11:20 = Son las once y veinte.– For minutes :31-:59, use “menos” from the next hour that it’s about to be.

Ex: 2:50= Son las tres menos diez. Literally, “It’s three o’clock minus ten minutes.”

• Es la una. It is 1:00.• Son las dos,tres,cuatro… It is 2:00, 3:00, 4:00…• Es la una y cinco. It is 1:05.• Son las tres menos cinco. It is 2:55.

Heads up hint: If you see the word “menos” in a time expression, think, “Hmmm…it’s ALMOST the hour expressed here.” Example: Son las dos menos cinco. Think “Hmmm… it’s ALMOST 2:00, so it must be five til two (1:55.)

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The personal “a”Note: I did not teach this concept so don’t study this

slide.

• Use the personal “a” when a PERSON is the direct object of a sentence.– Example: Yo veo a Madison. (I see Madison: The

direct object (Madison) is a person, so the personal “a” is used. )

But: Yo veo el tren. (I see the train: The direct object (train) is not a person, so there is no need to write the personal “a.”)

Page 27: Spanish 1 Grammar Concepts 2014-2015 Glynn Academy Señora Fendig.

Saying what is “going to happen”

• Use the formula “ir + a + infinitive”– Remember the forms of “ir”: voy,vas,va,vamos,van

• Examples: – Nosotros vamos a dormir. We are going to sleep.– Ex: Voy a venir a tu fiesta. I am going to come to your

party.– Ex: ¿Cuándo vas a buscar el gorro? When are you going to

look for the hat?

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Saying what someone “has to do”Remember the forms of tener: tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tienen

• Use the formula “tener + que + infinitive”– ¿Por qué tienes que estudiar para el examen final?– Tengo que estudiar para el examen final porque

tengo que sacar una buena nota.– Los maestros tienen que preparar los examenes.

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Adverbs

• Before the verb:– Siempre (always)– Nunca (never) Ex: Nunca voy. I never go.– Rara vez (rarely)

• After the verb:– Mucho Ex: Voy mucho. I go a lot.– Poco

• Before or after the verb:– De vez en cuando (Every once in a while)– Todos los días (every day) Ex: A veces voy (or)– A veces (Sometimes) Voy a veces.

Page 30: Spanish 1 Grammar Concepts 2014-2015 Glynn Academy Señora Fendig.

The weather

• ¿Qué tiempo hace?• Hace frío.• Hace viento.• Hace calor.• Hace sol.• Hace buen tiempo.• Hace mal tiempo.• Hace fresco.• Está nublado.• Está lloviendo. Llueve…• Está nevando. Nieva…

• What’s the weather?• It’s cold.• It’s windy.• It’s hot.• It’s sunny.• It’s good weather.• It’s bad weather.• It’s cool. • It’s cloudy.• It’s rainy. It rains….• It’s snowing. It snows…

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Questions and Answers• ¿Cómo estás?• ¿Cómo te llamas?• ¿Quién es?• ¿Cuál es la fecha?• ¿Qué día es?• ¿Adónde vas?• ¿Dónde está ella?• ¿Por qué estudias?• ¿Qué hora es?• ¿Cuánto cuesta…?

• Estoy (bien/alegre…)• Me llamo Jake.• Es la maestra.• Es el diez de diciembre.• Es martes.• Voy al supermercado.• Está en la casa.• Porque me gusta.• Es la una y cinco.• Cuesta diez dólares.

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More Questions and Answers• ¿Qué tiempo hace?• ¿Cuántos años tienes

tú?• ¿Qué te gusta hacer?• ¿Qué haces?• ¿Con qué frecuencia

(corres/haces ejercicio)?• ¿Cómo eres tú?• ¿Cómo es tu familia?• ¿Cuándo es la fiesta?

• Hace fresco.• Tengo quince/ dieciséis

años.• Me gusta leer.• Yo tomo el examen.• Yo corro de vez en

cuando. • Soy inteligente.• Mi familia es grande.• Es mañana./ Es el dos

de abril./ Es a las ocho.

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El Vocabulario

• Clip out and study workbook pages 159-165 for all the vocabulary lists through Unit 3

• Themes we covered: greetings, colors, numbers, days, months, seasons, family, likes and dislikes, people (mujer,hombre…), places, food, personality and appearance adjectives, clothing, school, computer terms, time expressions, question words, feelings, weather

• Click this link to see, hear, and practice our textbook vocabulary! http://glencoe.mheducation.com/sites/0078774004/student_view0/capitulo1/vocabulary_practice/index.html

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The Spanish-speaking countries (of Central and South America)

• Know which ones they are and where they are.

• Click this link to practice: http://www.purposegames.com/game/spanish-speaking-countries-quiz

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Culture

• Spain: the euro, Madrid, shares Iberian Peninsula with Portugal, located in Europe, Pyrenees Mountains, Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean, proximity to Africa

• Puerto Rico: a territory of U.S. , San Juan is capital, President is Barack Obama

• Quinceañera: young woman’s 15th birthday celebration, how it is celebrated

• México: Día de los Muertos, Cinco de Mayo• Latino values of family, faith, and hard work.