Sistemas de 3G

7/30/2019 Sistemas de 3G

1/115

WCDMA Fundamentals

Henry A. Vasquez

UPAO


2/115

Module Contents

Standardisation and frequency bands

Main properties of UMTS Air Interface

Overview of Radio Resource Management (RRM)


3/115

Module Contents


Standardisation of 3G cellular networks IMT-2000 frequency allocations

UMTS FDD Frequency band evolution


Overview Radio Resource Management (RRM)


4/115

Standardisation of 3G cellular networks

ITU (Global guidelines and recommendations)

IMT-2000: Global standard for third generation (3G) wireless communications 3GPP is a co-operation between standardisation bodies

ETSI (Europe), ARIB/TTC (Japan), CCSA (China), ATIS (North America) and TTA (South Korea)

GSM

EDGE

UMTS WCDMA - FDD

WCDMA - TDD

TD-SCDMA

3GPP2 is a co-operation between standardisation bodiesARIB/TTC (Japan), CCSA (China), TIA (North America) and TTA (South Korea)

CDMA2000

CDMA2000 1x

CDMA2000 1xEV-DO


5/115

IMT-2000 frequency allocations2200 MHz20001900 1950 2050 2100 21501850

JapanIMT-2000PHS

IMT-2000

ITUMobile

Satellite

IMT-2000 IMT-2000

EuropeUMTS(FDD)DE

CT

UMTS

(TDD)

GSM

1800

U

MTS

(TDD)

UMTS(FDD)

USAPCS

unlicensed

PCSPCS

UMTS

(TDD)

IMT-2000(TDD)

Mobile

Satellite

Mobile

Satellite

Mobile

Satellite

Mobile

Satellite

Mobile

Satellite

Mobile

Satellite

Mobile

Satellite


6/115

UMTS FDD Frequency band evolution

Release 99

I 1920 1980 MHz 21102170 MHz UMTS only in Europe, Japan II 18501910 MHz 19301990 MHz US PCS, GSM1900

New in Release 5

III 1710-1785 MHz 1805-1880 MHz GSM1800

New in Release 6

IV 1710-1755 MHz 2110-2155 MHz US 2.1 GHz band

V 824-849MHz 869-894MHz US cellular, GSM850

VI 830-840 MHz 875-885 MHz Japan

New in Release 7

VII 2500-2570 MHz 2620-2690 MHz

VIII 880-915 MHz 925-960 MHz GSM900

IX 1749.9-1784.9 MHz 1844.9-1879.9 MHz Japan


7/115

Module Contents



UMTS Air interface technologies

WCDMA FDD

WCDMA vs. GSM

CDMA principle

Processing gain

WCDMA codes and bit rates

Overview of Nokia Radio Resource Management (RRM)


8/115

UMTS Air Interface technologies

UMTS Air interface is built based on two technological solutions

WCDMA FDD WCDMA TDD

WCDMA FDD is the more widely used solution

FDD: Separate UL and DL frequency band

WCDMA TDD technology is currently used in limited number of networks

TDD: UL and DL separated by time, utilizing same frequency

Both technologies have own dedicated frequency bands

This course concentrates on design principles of WCDMA FDD solution, basic

planning principles apply to both technologies


9/115

WCDMA FDD technology

Multiple access technology is wideband CDMA (WCDMA)

All cells at same carrier frequency Spreading codes used to separate cells and users

Signal bandwidth 3.84 MHz

Multiple carriers can be used to increase capacity

Inter-Frequency functionality to support mobility between frequencies

Compatibility with GSM technology

Inter-System functionality to support mobility between GSM and UMTS


10/115

WCDMA Technology

5 MHz

3.84 MHz

f

5+5 MHz in FDD mode5 MHz in TDD mode

Frequency

TimeDirect Sequence (DS) CDMA

WCDMACarrier

WCDMA5 MHz, 1 carrier

TDMA (GSM)5 MHz, 25 carriers

Users share same time and frequency


11/115

Principios de CDMA

CDMA combina 3 secuencias de ensanchamientopara crear un cdigo nico.

En el receptor las secuencias se utilizan en el ordeninverso que en el emisor

Las 3 secuencias son generadas en ambos extremosy necesariamente no son utilizadas simultaneamente

Secuencias de ensanchamiento


12/115

Principios de CDMA

Walsh Codes: (64 disponibles)

64 chips de longitud dura 1/19200 Seg

Ortogonales mutuamente

PN Short codes: Se usa por pares (I + Q)

Longitud de 215 --- dura 26mS aprox

Se genera en registro de desplazamiento (15 bits)

PN Long Code: 1 disponible

Longitud de 242 --- se repita cada 40 dias

Se genera en un registro de desplazamiento (42 bits)

Secuencias de ensanchamiento


13/115

rincipios de CDMA

Funciones Walsh

En CDMA cadasmbolo es

expandido con los

64 chips de los

cdigo de Walsh

Luego, por cada bit

de data se tendrn64 chips de salida.


14/115

Principios de CDMA

Cdigos Offset de Pseudo Ruido (PN Offset) Son secuencias binarias con caractersticas aleatorias.

Si un mismo cdigo PN es cambiado en el tiempo (time offset), se obtienen dos cdigos que son casi ortogonales.

Para agregar el offset a un cdigo PN y crear secuencias cuasi ortogonales, se usa un sistema enmascaramiento. Con

diferentes time offsets, se lograrn tener varias secuencias cuasi ortogonales.

Autocorrelacin Generacin de cdigos de pseudo rudo

Seq A: 0010 1011 0011 011

Seq A: 1011 0011 0110 010

4 chips offset


15/115

Principios de CDMA

Cdigos Offset de Pseudo Ruido (PN Offset)

Se usan tres cdigos PN en CDMA: 2 Cdigos Cortos y 1 Cdigo largo La secuencia corta PN sequence posee 32,768 bits, utiliza offset de 64 bits y un total de 512 time offsets,

La transmisin toma 26.667 ms por cada ciclo. PN offset se utiliza para identificar las celdas y sectores

0

Receptor / Correlador CDMA


16/115

UMTS & GSM Network Planning

GSM900/1800: 3G (WCDMA):


17/115

Differences between WCDMA & GSM

WCDMA GSM

Carrier spacing 5 MHz 200 kHz

Frequency reuse factor 1 118

Power controlfrequency

1500 Hz 2 Hz or lower

Quality control Radio resourcemanagement algorithms

Network planning(frequency planning)

Frequency diversity 5 MHz bandwidth givesmultipath diversity with

Rake receiver

Frequency hopping

Packet data Load-based packetscheduling

Timeslot basedscheduling with GPRS

Downlink transmitdiversity

Supported forimproving downlink

capacity

Not supported by thestandard, but can be

applied

High bit rates

Serviceswith

Different

qualityrequirement

sEfficient

packet data


18/115

Multiple WCDMA carriers Layered network

F1

F2

F2

F3

F3

F3

Micro BTSMacro BTS

Pico BTSs

1 - 10 km

50 - 100 m200 - 500 m


19/115

Spreading Code

Spread Signal

Data

Air Interface

CDMA principle - Chips & Bits & SymbolsBits (In this drawing, 1 bit = 8 Chips SF=8)

Baseband Data

-1

+1

+1

+1

+1

+1

-1

-1

-1

-1

ChipChip


20/115

Energy Box

Duration(t = 1/Rb)

Originating Bit Received Bit

Energy per bit = Eb= const

Higher spreading factorWider frequency band Lower power spectral densityBUT

Same Energy per Bit


21/115

FrequencyPowerdensity(Watts/Hz)

Unspread narrowband signal Spread wideband signal

Bandwidth W (3.84 Mchip/sec)

User bitrate

R

sec84.3

MchipconstW

RWdBGp Processing gain:

Spreading & Processing Gain


22/115

Frequency (Hz)

Voice user (R=12,2 kbit/s)

Packet data user (R=384 kbit/s)

Powerdensity(W/Hz)

R

Frequency (Hz)

Gp=W/R=24.98dB

Powerdensity

(W/Hz)

R

Gp=W/R=10 dB

Spreading sequences

have a different length Processing gaindepends on the userdata rate

Processing Gain Examples


23/115

Transmission Power

Frequency

5MHz

Power density

Time

High bit rate user

Low bit rate user


24/115

WCDMA Codes

In WCDMA two separate codes are used in the spreading operation

Channelisation code

Scrambling code

Channelisation code

DL: separates physical channels of different users and common channels, defines

physical channel bit rate UL: separates physical channels of one user, defines physical channel bit rate

Scrambling code

DL: separates cells in same carrier frequency

UL: separates users


25/115

DL Spreading and Multiplexing in WCDMA

User 3

User 2

User 1

BCCH

Pilot X

CODE 1

X

CODE 2

X

CODE 3

X

CODE 4

X

CODE 5

+

X

SCRAMBLINGCODE

RF

SUM

User 2

User 1

BCCH

Pilot

Radio frame = 15 time slots

Time

User 3

3.84 MHzRF carrier

3.84 MHz bandwidth

CHANNELISATION codes:

P-CPICH

P-CCPCH

DPCH1

DPCH2

DPCH3


26/115

DL & UL Channelisation Codes

Walsh-Hadamard codes: orthogonal variable spreading factor codes (OVSF codes)

SF for the DL transmission in FDD mode = {4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512}

SF for the UL transmission in FDD mode = {4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256}

Good orthogonality properties: cross correlation value for each code pair in the code set

equals 0

In theoretical environment users of one cell do not interfere each other in DL

In practical multipath environment orthogonality is partly lost Interference between users of

same cell

Orthogonal codes are suited for channel separation, where synchronisation betweendifferent channels can be guaranteed

Downlink channels under one cell

Uplink channels from a single user

Orthogonal codes have bad auto correlation properties and thus not suited in an

asynchronous environment Scrambling code required to separate signals between cells in DL and users in UL

C C


27/115

Channelisation Code Tree

C0(0)=[1]

C2(1)=[1-1]

C2(0)=[11]

C4(0)=[1111]

C4(1)=[11-1-1]

C4(2)=[1-11-1]

C4(3)=[1-1-11]

C8(0)=[11111111]

C8(1)=[1111-1-1-1-1]

C8(2)=[11-1-111-1-1]

C8(3)=[11-1-1-1-111]

C8(0)=[1-11-11-11-1]

C8(5)=[1-11-1-11-11]

C8(6)=[1-1-111-1-11]

C8(7)=[1-1-11-111-1]

C16(0)=[.........

...]C16(1)=[.........

...]

C16(15)=[...........]

C16(14)=[...........]

C16(13=[...........]

C16(12)=[...........]

C16(11)=[...........]

C16(10)=[...........]

C16(9)=[............]

C16(8)=[............]

C16(7)=[............]

C16(6)=[............]

C16(5)=[............]

C16(4)=[............]

C16(3)=[............]

C16(2)=[............]

SF=1

SF=2

SF=4

SF=8

SF=16 SF=256 SF=512...

Ph i l L Bi R (DL)


28/115

Spreadingfactor

Channelsymbol

rate(ksps)

Channel bitrate

(kbps)

DPDCHchannel bitrate range

(kbps)

Maximum userdata rate with -

rate coding(approx.)

512 7.5 15 36 13 kbps

256 15 30 1224 612 kbps

128 30 60 4251 2024 kbps

64 60 120 90 45 kbps

32 120 240 210 105 kbps

16 240 480 432 215 kbps8 480 960 912 456 kbps

4 960 1920 1872 936 kbps

4, with 3parallelcodes

2880 5760 5616 2.3 Mbps

Half rate speech

Full rate speech

128 kbps384 kbps

2 Mbps

Symbolphyb RR 2_SF

WRSymbol

(QPSK modulation)

Physical Layer Bit Rates (DL)

Ph i l L Bit R t (DL) HSDPA


29/115

Physical Layer Bit Rates (DL) - HSDPA

3GPP Release 5 standards introduced enhanced DL bit rates with High Speed

Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) technology

Shared high bit rate channel between users High peak bit rates

Simultaneous usage of up to 15 DL channelisation codes (In HSDPA SF=16)

Higher order modulation scheme (16-QAM) Higher bit rate in same band

16-QAM provides 4 bits per symbol 960 kbit/s / code physical channel peak rate

Coding rate

QPSK

Coding rate

1/4

2/4

3/4

5 codes 10 codes 15 codes

600 kbps 1.2 Mbps 1.8 Mbps

1.2 Mbps 2.4 Mbps 3.6 Mbps


16QAM

2/4

3/4

4/4




HSDPA

Ph i l L Bit R t (UL) HSUPA


30/115

Physical Layer Bit Rates (UL) - HSUPA

3GPP Release 6 standards introduced enhanced UL bit rates with High Speed

Downlink Packet Access (HSUPA) technology

Fast allocation of available UL capacity for users High peak bit rates

Simultaneous usage of up to 2+2 UL channelisation codes (In HSUPA SF=2 4)

Initial expected capability 1.46 Mbps

Coding rate

1/2

3/4

4/4

1 x SF4 2 x SF4 2 x SF22 x SF2 +2 x SF4

480 kbps 960 kbps 1.92 Mbps 2.88 Mbps

720 kbps 1.46 Mbps 2.88 Mbps 4.32 Mbps

960 kbps 1.92 Mbps 3.84 Mbps 5.76 Mbps

DL & UL Scrambling Codes


31/115

DL & UL Scrambling Codes

DL Scrambling Codes

Pseudo noise codes used for cell separation 512 Primary Scrambling Codes

UL Scrambling Codes

Two different types of UL scrambling codes are generated

Long scrambling codes of length of 38 400 chips = 10 ms radio frame

Short scrambling codes of length of 256 chips are periodically repeated to get thescrambling code of the frame length

Short codes enable advanced receiver structures in future

Scrambling Codes & Multipath Propagation


32/115

Scrambling Codes & Multipath Propagation

Scrambling code

C1

Scramblingcode C2

C1+2

UE has simultaneousconnection to two cells (soft

handover)

RAKE Receiver


33/115

RAKE Receiver

Combination or multipath components and signal from different cells

Delay1

Code usedfor the

connection

Rx

Output

Finger

t

Cell-1

Cell-1

Cell-1

Cell-2

Rx

Rx

Rx

Finger

Finger

Finger

Delay2

Delay3

Channelisation and Scrambling Codes


34/115

Channelisation code Scrambling code

Usage Uplink: Separation of physical data

(DPDCH) and control channels(DPCCH) from same terminal

Downlink: Separation of downlink

connections to different users within one

cell

Uplink: Separation of mobile

Downlink: Separation of sectors (cells)

Length 4256 chips (1.066.7 s)

Downlink also 512 chips

Different bit rates by changing the lengthof the code

Uplink: (1) 10 ms = 38400 chips or (2)

66.7 s = 256 chips

Option (2) can be used with advancedbase station receivers

Downlink: 10 ms = 38400 chips

Number of codes Number of codes under one scrambling

code = spreading factor

Uplink: 16.8 million

Downlink: 512

Code family Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10 ms code: Gold code

Short code: Extended S(2) code family

Spreading Yes, increases transmission bandwidth No, does not affect transmission

bandwidth

Channelisation and Scrambling Codes


35/115


36/115

Physical, transport and logical channels in the network


37/115

Module Contents


38/115

Module Contents



Overview of Nokia Radio Resource Management (RRM)

Load control

Admission Control

Packet Scheduler

Resource Manager

Power Control

Handover Control

Radio Resource Management


39/115

Radio Resource Management

RRM is responsible for optimal utilisation of the radio resources:

Transmission power and interference

Logical codes

The trade-off between capacity, coverage and quality is done all the time

Minimum required quality for each user (nothing less and nothing more)

Maximum number of users

The radio resources are continuously monitored and optimised by several RRM

functionalitiesservice quality

cell coverage cell capacity

Optimizationand Tailoring

RRM Functionalities


40/115

RRM Functionalities

LC Load Control

AC Admission Control

PS Packet Scheduler

RM Resource Manager

PC Power Control

HC HO Control

PC

HCFor each connection/user

LC

AC

For each cell

PS

RM

Load Control (LC)


41/115

Load Control (LC)

LC performs the function of load control in association with AC & PS

LC updates load status using measurements & estimations provided by AC and PS

Continuously feeds cell load information to PS and AC;

Interference levels (UL)

BTS power level (DL)

LC

AC

PSNRT load

Load change

info

Load status

Load Control Load Status


42/115

Load Control Load Status

Load thresholds set by radio network planning parameters

Overloadthreshold x

Load Targetthreshold y

Power

Time

Load Margin

Overload

Normal load

Measured loadFree capacity

Admission Control (AC)


43/115

Admission Control (AC)

Checks that admitting a new user will not sacrifice planned coverage or quality of

existing connections

Admission control handles three main tasks

Admission decision of new connections

Take into account current load conditions (from LC) and load increase by the new

connection

Real-time higher priority than non-real time

In overload conditions no new connections admitted

Connection QoS definition

Bit rate, BER target etc.

Connection specific power allocation (Initial, maximum and minimum power)

Packet Scheduler (PS)


44/115

( )

PS allocates available capacity after real-time (RT) connections to non-real time

(NRT) connections

Each cell separately

In overload conditions bit rates of NRT connections decreased

PS selects allocated channel type (common or dedicated)

PS relies on up-to-date information from AC and LC

Capacity allocated on a needs basis using best effort approach

RT higher priority


45/115

How the AC, LC and PS work together

Resource Manager (RM)


46/115

g ( )

Responsible for managing the logical radio resources of the RNC in co-operation

with AC and PS

On request for resources, from either AC(RT) or PS(NRT), RM allocates:

DL spreading code

UL scrambling code

Code Type Uplink Downlink

Scrambling codes

Spreading codes

User separation Cell separation

Data & control channels from same UE Users within one cell

Power control (PC) in WCDMA


47/115

Fast, accurate power control is of utmost importance particularly in UL;

UEs transmit continuously on same frequency Always interference between users

Poor PC leads to increased interference reduced capacity

Every UE accessing network increase interference

PC target to minimise the interference Minimize transmit power of each link while

still maintaining the link quality (BER)

Mitigates 'near far effect in UL by providing minimum required power for each

connection

Power control has to be fast enough to follow changes in propagation conditions

(fading)

Step up/down 1500 times/second

Uplink power control target


48/115

Minimise required UL received power

minimised UL transmit power and interference

UE1 UE2

min(Prx1

)

min(Prx2)

About equal when

Rb1 = Rb2

Target:

Ptx1Ptx1

Power Control types


49/115

Power control functionality can be divided to three main types

Open loop power control

Initial power calculation based on DL pilot level/pathloss measurement by UE

Outer (closed) loop power control

Connection quality measurement (BER, BLER) and comparison to QoS target

RF quality target (SIR target) setting for fast closed loop PC based on connectionquality

Fast closed loop power control

Radio link RF quality (SIR) measurement and comparison to RF quality target (SIR

target)

Power control command transmission based on RF quality evaluation

Change of transmit power according to received power control command

Power Control types


50/115

UL Outer Loop

Power Control

Open Loop Power Control (Initial Access)

Closed Loop Power Control

RN

C

BS

MS

DL Outer LoopPower Control

BLER target

Power control in HSPA


51/115

In HSDPA (DL) the transmit power from base station is kept constant and the

signal modulation and coding is adapted according to the channel conditions

2 ms interval 500 Hz

In HSUPA (UL)

The power control of HSUPA channels in UL utilise both

Fast closed loop power control

Outer loop power control

Both work according to similar principles as the dedicated channel power control

Handover Control (HC)


52/115

HC is responsible for:

Managing the mobility aspects of an RRC connection as UE moves around the

network coverage area

Maintaining high capacity by ensuring UE is always served by strongest cell

Soft handover

MS handover between different base stations

Softer handover

MS handover within one base station but between different sectors

Hard handover

MS handover between different frequencies or between WCDMA and GSM

Soft/softer handover


53/115

UE is simultaneously connected to 2 to 3 cells during soft handover

Soft handover is performed based on UE cell pilot power measurements and

handover thresholds set by radio network planning parameters

Radio link performance is improved during soft handover

Soft handover consumes base station and transmission resources

BS1

BS2

BS3Rec

eivedsignalstrength

BS3

Distance from BS1

Threshold

Soft handover

BS2

BS1

Hard handover


54/115

Hard handovers are typically performed between WCDMA frequencies and

between WCDMA and GSM cells

GSM/GPRSGSM/GPRS

f1

f2

f1

f2f2f2

Inter-System handovers (ISHO)

Inter-Frequency handovers (IFHO)


55/115

WCDMA RNC dimensioning


56/115

Sistemas de 3G


57/115

Sistemas de 3G

http://www.3gpp.org/


58/115

Sistemas de 3G


59/115

Sistemas de 3G


60/115

Sistemas de 3G

Evolution of HSPA maximum peak bit rate


61/115

Sistemas de 3G


62/115

Sistemas de 3G

Si d 3G


63/115

Sistemas de 3G

Si t d 3G


64/115

Sistemas de 3G

Si t d 3G


65/115

Sistemas de 3G

Sistemas de 3G


66/115

Sistemas de 3G

Sistemas de 3G


67/115

Sistemas de 3G

Sistemas de 3G


68/115

Sistemas de 3G

Sistemas de 3G


69/115

Sistemas de 3G

Sistemas de 3G


70/115

Sistemas de 3G

Sistemas de 3G


71/115

Sistemas de 3G

Sistemas de 3G


72/115

Sistemas de 3G

Sistemas de 3G


73/115

Sistemas de 3G

Sistemas de 3G


74/115

Sistemas de 3G

Sistemas de 3G


75/115

Sistemas de 3G

Sistemas de 3G


76/115

Sistemas de 3G


77/115

Sistemas de 3G


78/115

Sistemas de 3G


79/115

Sistemas de 3G


80/115

Sistemas de 3G


81/115

Sistemas de 3G


82/115

Sistemas de 3G


83/115

Sistemas de 3G


84/115

Sistemas de 3G


85/115

Sistemas de 3G


86/115

Sistemas de 3G


87/115

Sistemas de 3G


88/115

Sistemas de 3G


89/115

Sistemas de 3G


90/115

Sistemas de 3G


91/115

Sistemas de 3G


92/115

Sistemas de 3G


93/115

Sistemas de 3G


94/115

Sistemas de 3G


95/115

Sistemas de 3G


96/115

Module 1

WCDMA Fundamentals

Summary

R di i t f t h l f UMTS i WCDMA ith FDD


97/115

Radio interface technology of UMTS is WCDMA with FDD

and TDD versions

WCDMA networks can be built on European, US-based and

Asian/Japanese frequency bands

WCDMA air interface utilises combination of two spreading

codes

Radio Resource Management is responsible of efficient

utilisation of radio resources while offering required quality of

service to users

Sistemas 3G


98/115

Sistemas 3GUMTS network structure


99/115

Access Stratum contains the message flows and procedures needed to establish the connection between the MT(mobile terminal) and network (roughly RNC in this case).

Serving Stratum handles message flows and procedures where the USIM+MT (same as UE, user equipment) and the

network establish a service. Service in this context means, for instance, setting up a bearer for further purposes. Thesemessage flows are transferred transparently over the Access Stratum.

Application Stratum is the 'layer' handling message flows and procedures related to the user's applications. Hence itsscope is wider. For example, the UE has Internet browser and requests a certain URL to be downloaded. The UMTSnetwork only provides the 'pipe' (Serving Stratum), but the real HTML page is downloaded from the Internet service

provider.

Sistemas 3G


100/115

The network management layers through the network

Sistemas 3G


101/115

Relationship between the RAB and the RRC

Sistemas 3G

The radio access bearer (RAB) contains a service connection between the UE and the


102/115

The radio access bearer (RAB) contains a service connection between the UE and the

core network. A subscriber in UMTS may have several RABs and these are combined

into a radio resource connection (RRC) across the air interface.

There are basically two types of information: the user information and the control

information.

In the case of the RAB, the data (for instance a voice call or video) is the user plane.

Sistemas 3G


103/115

OSI model adaptation to UMTS

Sistemas 3GImplementation of the transport layers

Uu (air) interface


104/115

The transport plane of the Uu interface covers the three lowest layers of the OSI stack. Layer 1, thephysical layer, uses WCDMA-FDD/TDD technology.

The Layer 1 is controlled by Layer 2, the data link layer. The structure of Layer 2 in the Uu interface is a

bit exceptional when compared to the other interfaces. Layer 2 has two sublayers in the Uu (air)

interface, MAC and RLC.

MAC (Medium Access Control) physically implements radio link management, that is, radio link set-up,

maintaining the physical radio channel configuration, error protection, encryption and radio link deletion.

The functionality of the RLC (Radio Link Control) is similar as in normal Layer 2. This means mainly

flow control-related activities like for instance data block sequencing.

The Layer 3 of the Uu interface contains functions needed for the transport plane control. The control

entity is called Radio Resource Control (RRC). RRC manages the physical layer and its activities

whenever required. If, for instance, a radio link is to be set up, the RRC gives a command to perform

this activity. The command is delivered via RLC to MAC, and MAC performs the activity. Finally, the

radio link set-u is carried throu h the La er 1.

Uu (air) interface

Sistemas 3G


105/115

Transport plane in the Uu interface

Sistemas 3G


106/115

Iub, Iur and Iu interfaces

Iub transport plane Iur interface transport plane

Sistemas 3GIub, Iur and Iu interfaces


107/115

Iu-PS interface transport plane

Iu-CS interface transport plane

Sistemas 3G

Control plane ( Serving Stratum)

I b i t f t l l (NBAP N d B A li ti P t)


108/115

Iub interface control plane (NBAP - Node B Application Part)

In the Iub interface the control plane is maintained by the signalling protocol NBAP (Node B Application Part). In order to adapt the NBAPproperly on top of the AAL5 (ATM Adaptation Layer 5), some convergence protocols are required.

Note: In this chapter the term convergence protocol(s) means signalling protocols making adaptations between two protocol layers in general.

Iub radio network control plane

Sistemas 3G

Iu interface control plane (RANAP Radio Access Network Application Part)

In the Iu interface the control plane is maintained by the signalling protocol RANAP (Radio Access


109/115

In the Iu interface the control plane is maintained by the signalling protocol RANAP (Radio Access

Network Application Part).

Iu interface control plane

Sistemas 3G


110/115

RAB and CN domains

Sistemas 3G


111/115

Bearer between the UE and core network circuit domain

Sistemas 3G


112/115

Bearer between the UE and core network packet domain

Sistemas 3G

User plane ( Application Stratum)The user plane signalling takes place between the application(s) of the UE (user) and the destination over the physical


113/115

connection established over the transport plane by using the facilities the control plane offers.

In the Uu interface the user plane consists of the DPDCHs (Dedicated Physical Data Channels) allocated for theconnection (and the data they carry, naturally).

Iub user plane

Sistemas 3G


114/115

Iu interface user planes for CN circuit and packet domain

Sistemas 3G


115/115

Sistemas de 3G

Documents

Transcript of Sistemas de 3G