En el principio...

era el Software Libre

Esta sesin se dividir en dos partes, primero nos sumergiremos en Software libre y cultura digital y para la segunda parte contaremos con Guifi.net, que nos explicarn el proceso y estado actual de esta red de telecomunicaciones abierta, libre y neutral.

Temario:Importancia del Software Libre para la Cultura Digitalcopyleft, licencias de software libre, open datacreacin colectiva, programacin creativa, datos abiertos

proyectos artsticos que usan software libre y devuelven cdigo a la comunidad

@AlarmaSismos

Ejemplo: Alarma de terremoto por Twitter

Arduino con sensor (50 euros)

Mejor que los sistemas del gobierno

Plan de crear red distribuida de sensores ssmicos por todo Chile

Fuente: http://gizmodo.com/5822319

Ejemplo: Disparar una cmara con un micrfono o un laser pointer barato.

Fuente: http://www.glacialwanderer.com/hobbyrobotics/?p=11

Imagen: Motorola 68000 (en las primeras workstations de Sun)

Hasta fines de los 60: Se entregaba el cdigo fuente de las aplicaciones y hasta del sistema operativo con el hardware

Cultura hacker: Desde principios de los 60 desarrollan herramientas de programacin, un argot y todo un cultura entorno a los primeros computadoras.

Laboratorio de inteligencia artificial del MIT

Fuente: Breve historia de la cultura hacker (Eric S. Raymond) http://biblioweb.sindominio.net/telematica/historia-cultura-hacker.html

Imagen: Apple 1 (1976)

Apple 1 junto con el Altair 8800 son uno de los primeros PC.

Contraculturismo electrnico

Subcultura en California

Mescla muy interesante de hippies, intelectuales y ingenieros

Fuentes: http://revistanumero.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=650

Date: Fri, 9 Feb 1996 17:16:35 +0100To: barlow@eff.orgFrom: John Perry Barlow Subject: A Cyberspace Independence Declaration

Yesterday, that great invertebrate in the White House signed into the lawthe Telecom "Reform" Act of 1996, while Tipper Gore took digitalphotographs of the proceedings to be included in a book called "24 Hours inCyberspace."

I had also been asked to participate in the creation of this book bywriting something appropriate to the moment. Given the atrocity that thislegislation would seek to inflict on the Net, I decided it was as good atime as any to dump some tea in the virtual harbor.

After all, the Telecom "Reform" Act, passed in the Senate with only 5dissenting votes, makes it unlawful, and punishable by a $250,000 to say"shit" online. Or, for that matter, to say any of the other 7 dirty wordsprohibited in broadcast media. Or to discuss abortion openly. Or to talkabout any bodily function in any but the most clinical terms.

It attempts to place more restrictive constraints on the conversation inCyberspace than presently exist in the Senate cafeteria, where I have dinedand heard colorful indecencies spoken by United States senators on everyoccasion I did.

This bill was enacted upon us by people who haven't the slightest idea whowe are or where our conversation is being conducted. It is, as my goodfriend and Wired Editor Louis Rossetto put it, as though "the illiteratecould tell you what to read."

Well, fuck them.

Or, more to the point, let us now take our leave of them. They havedeclared war on Cyberspace. Let us show them how cunning, baffling, andpowerful we can be in our own defense.

I have written something (with characteristic grandiosity) that I hope willbecome one of many means to this end. If you find it useful, I hope youwill pass it on as widely as possible. You can leave my name off it if youlike, because I don't care about the credit. I really don't.

But I do hope this cry will echo across Cyberspace, changing and growingand self-replicating, until it becomes a great shout equal to the idiocythey have just inflicted upon us.

I give you...

A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace

Governments of the Industrial World, you weary giants of flesh and steel, Icome from Cyberspace, the new home of Mind. On behalf of the future, I askyou of the past to leave us alone. You are not welcome among us. You haveno sovereignty where we gather.

We have no elected government, nor are we likely to have one, so I addressyou with no greater authority than that with which liberty itself alwaysspeaks. I declare the global social space we are building to be naturallyindependent of the tyrannies you seek to impose on us. You have no moralright to rule us nor do you possess any methods of enforcement we have truereason to fear.

Governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed. Youhave neither solicited nor received ours. We did not invite you. You do notknow us, nor do you know our world. Cyberspace does not lie within yourborders. Do not think that you can build it, as though it were a publicconstruction project. You cannot. It is an act of nature and it growsitself through our collective actions.

You have not engaged in our great and gathering conversation, nor did youcreate the wealth of our marketplaces. You do not know our culture, ourethics, or the unwritten codes that already provide our society more orderthan could be obtained by any of your impositions.

You claim there are problems among us that you need to solve. You use thisclaim as an excuse to invade our precincts. Many of these problems don'texist. Where there are real conflicts, where there are wrongs, we willidentify them and address them by our means. We are forming our own SocialContract . This governance will arise according to the conditions of ourworld, not yours. Our world is different.

Cyberspace consists of transactions, relationships, and thought itself,arrayed like a standing wave in the web of our communications. Ours is aworld that is both everywhere and nowhere, but it is not where bodies live.

We are creating a world that all may enter without privilege or prejudiceaccorded by race, economic power, military force, or station of birth.

We are creating a world where anyone, anywhere may express his or herbeliefs, no matter how singular, without fear of being coerced into silenceor conformity.

Your legal concepts of property, expression, identity, movement, andcontext do not apply to us. They are based on matter, There is no matterhere.

Our identities have no bodies, so, unlike you, we cannot obtain order byphysical coercion. We believe that from ethics, enlightened self-interest,and the commonweal, our governance will emerge . Our identities may bedistributed across many of your jurisdictions. The only law that all ourconstituent cultures would generally recognize is the Golden Rule. We hopewe will be able to build our particular solutions on that basis. But wecannot accept the solutions you are attempting to impose.

In the United States, you have today created a law, the TelecommunicationsReform Act, which repudiates your own Constitution and insults the dreamsof Jefferson, Washington, Mill, Madison, DeToqueville, and Brandeis. Thesedreams must now be born anew in us.

You are terrified of your own children, since they are natives in a worldwhere you will always be immigrants. Because you fear them, you entrustyour bureaucracies with the parental responsibilities you are too cowardlyto confront yourselves. In our world, all the sentiments and expressions ofhumanity, from the debasing to the angelic, are parts of a seamless whole,the global conversation of bits. We cannot separate the air that chokesfrom the air upon which wings beat.

In China, Germany, France, Russia, Singapore, Italy and the United States,you are trying to ward off the virus of liberty by erecting guard posts atthe frontiers of Cyberspace. These may keep out the contagion for a smalltime, but they will not work in a world that will soon be blanketed inbit-bearing media.

Your increasingly obsolete information industries would perpetuatethemselves by proposing laws, in America and elsewhere, that claim to ownspeech itself throughout the world. These laws would declare ideas to beanother industrial product, no more noble than pig iron. In our world,whatever the human mind may create can be reproduced and distributedinfinitely at no cost. The global conveyance of thought no longer requiresyour factories to accomplish.

These increasingly hostile and colonial measures place us in the sameposition as those previous lovers of freedom and self-determination who hadto reject the authorities of distant, uninformed powers. We must declareour virtual selves immune to your sovereignty, even as we continue toconsent to your rule over our bodies. We will spread ourselves across thePlanet so that no one can arrest our thoughts.

We will create a civilization of the Mind in Cyberspace. May it be morehumane and fair than the world your governments have made before.

Davos, SwitzerlandFebruary 8, 1996

****************************************************************John Perry Barlow, Cognitive DissidentCo-Founder, Electronic Frontier Foundation

Home(stead) Page: http://www.eff.org/~barlow

Message Service: 800/634-3542

Barlow in Meatspace Today (until Feb 12): Cannes, FranceHotel Martinez: (33) 92 98 73 00, Fax: (33) 93 39 67 82

Coming soon to: Amsterdam 2/13-14, Winston-Salem 2/15, San Francisco2/16-20, San Jose 2/21, San Francisco 2/21-23, Pinedale, Wyoming

In Memoriam, Dr. Cynthia Horner and Jerry Garcia

*****************************************************************

It is error alone which needs the support of government. Truth canstand by itself.

--Thomas Jefferson, Notes on Virginia

Imagen: Declaracin de la independencia del ciber espacio

John Perry Barlow, Greatful Dead, EFF, FCForum

Tecno utpicos:Marx y Engels creern que los avances en la ciencia ayudan a limitar el poder de reyes y religin.

Utopismo tecnolgico: socialistas, feministas, republicanos (siglo 19)

idiologa califoriana

Vista crtica de la influencia de FB y otros redes sociales en primavera rabe y 15M

Fuente: https://w2.eff.org/Censorship/Internet_censorship_bills/barlow_0296.declaration

Imagen: Richard Stallman

ancdota impresora MIT

Software Libre (valores, copyleft)

software libre como modelo para la cultura libre

empresas del procomn

Influenciaron hardware libre, creative commons, wikipedia, p2pfoundation, etc.

El software libre ser bsico, fundamental, para que tengamos libertad y autonoma en el mundo digital del siglo XXI.

Las 4 libertades del Software Libre:

La libertad de ejecutar el programa, para cualquier propsito (libertad 0).

La libertad de estudiar cmo trabaja el programa, y cambiarlo para que haga lo que usted quiera (libertad 1). El acceso al cdigo fuente es una condicin necesaria para ello.

La libertad de redistribuir copias para que pueda ayudar al prjimo (libertad 2).

La libertad de distribuir copias de sus versiones modificadas a terceros (la 3 libertad). Si lo hace, puede dar a toda la comunidad una oportunidad de beneficiarse de sus cambios. El acceso al cdigo fuente es una condicin necesaria para ello.

Las cuatro libertades del Software Libre

Software Libre (valores) versus Cdigo abierto (modelo de produccin)

Fuente: https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.es.html

Ejemplos Software Libre popular en escritorios pero sobre todo en servidores, redes, cloudcomputing

Introducir LINUX

Autonoma de infraestructuras

N-1: Redes sociales libres y autogestionadas

Importancia del Software libre para una autonoma de nuestras infraestructuras

Software Libre para la creacin colectiva: Listas de correo como Mailman

Foros de debate como phpBB

CMS (gestores de contenidos) como Wordpress, Drupal, Joomla

Wikis como mediawiki y dokuwiki

Reinventando el tiempo basado en ecologa

Proyecto europeo para crear el Eco Time

Ejemplo: Time Inventors' Kabinet (TIK)

Proyecto europeo colaborativo, todo basado en software libre

Ejemplo TIK

Listas de correo, wiki (dokuwiki), CMS (Drupal)

Software Libre para la programacin creativa: Processing

OpenFrameworks

Arduino

Reinventando el tiempo basado en ecologa

Proyecto europeo para crear el Eco Time

Ejemplo TIKtodo basado en software libre

Arduino

Processing XMPP library (jabberlib)

ARPANET: 1969 tiene 4 nodos

Servicios:Remote logins

File transfers

Email

Listas de correos

Fuente: http://computer.howstuffworks.com/arpanet.htm

Lista de correo SF LoversPequea historia de Internet (Bruce Sterling)http://biblioweb.sindominio.net/telematica/hist_internet.html

Estndares abiertos Internet: IP, TCP

Estndares abiertos web (W3C): HTML, CSS, Javascript

XML, JSON, RDF, SQL

Estndars abiertos son la base de InternetTodos los protocolos y tecnologas bsicas de Internet son abiertos y documentados

Ejemplo: OpenStreetMap Cyclemap

Definicin de Conocimiento Abierto

Contenidos o datos se consideran abiertos si cualquiera los puede utilizar, reutilizar y redistribuir bajo la nica condicin de reconocimiento y compartir de igual manera.

1. Acceso2. Redistribucin3. Reutilizacin4. Ausencia de restricciones tecnolgicas5. Reconocimiento6. Integridad7. Sin discriminacin de personas o grupos8. Sin discriminacin de mbitos de trabajo9. Distribucin de la licencia10. La licencia no debe ser especfica de un paquete11. La licencia no debe restringir la distribucin de otras obras

Definicin de Conocimiento Abiertohttp://opendefinition.org/

A piece of content or data is open if anyone is free to use, reuse, and redistribute it subject only, at most, to the requirement to attribute and share-alike.

Ejemplo: MySociety FixMyStreet

Ejemplo: MySociety FixMyTransport

Ejemplo: Votainteligente (Chile)Open Data

API

ley de transparencia

Golden Nica

Ejemplo: Votainteligente, visualizacin de votaciones

Ejemplo: CasasTristesOpen Data

Crowdsourcing

Todas las visualizaciones son software libre

Ejemplo: GitHub como repositorio para proectos de Software Libre

ltimo ejemplo: Redada YProduccionesDesarrollado aqu en ZZZINC

http://www.ypsite.net/conexion_camon/camon.html

En el principio...

era el Software Libre.

Con esta presentacin quera destacar la importancia del Software Libre para la Cultura Digital y la Cultura Libre.

Organizaciones como la P2PFoundation estn aplicando los modelos del Software Libre a todos los mbitos de la produccin.

Eventos como el FCForum que se celebra cada Octubre aqu en Barcelona investigan modelos econmicos de la Cultura Libre.

Dani (prxima sesin martes 4 de Octubre) va a seguir en esta linea profundizando ms en el tema de la Cultura Libre.