Revista Olimpiada 2012

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WWA Ciao{afef Ofuboæua`f

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Bwu}bofer}f =;6=

LFPB @COF]@FI=6 eb Fm}ai eb =;6=) 6;>0; gc}fp

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\fi|b}eb ebi L}bphc

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Of}uïh Ic}bh~c(

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Eb{( Ibjfi> MF/12/=;;<

APPH> 677</6==1



0

WWA Ciao{afef Ofuboæua`f Bwu}bofer}f =;6=

[}bpbhufàðh eb if Bwòf( @chpbnb}f eb Ber`fàðh q @riur}f

’Bi ibhjrfnb eb if @abhàf‟

Jbhb}f} ahub}áp {c} bi f{}bhea~fnb eb ifp

Ofuboæua`fp bh hrbpu}c firohfec bp rhf {}bc`r/

{fàðh {b}ofhbhub eb icp ec`bhubp) lrhefobhufi/

obhub bh`foahfef f icj}f} vrb ifp `co{bubhàfp

mæpa`fp ebpf}}ciifefp bh bi frif {rbefh u}fhplb}a}/

pb q jbhb}fia~f}pb f `rfivrab} æomauc eb if |aef

`cuaeafhf eb lc}of cgb}bhub q f}oðha`f(

Bi pfmb} ofuboæua`c bpuæ bh bi c}ajbh eb if

à|aia~fàðh( Eb gb`gc) icp ubwucp ofuboæua`cp

oæp fhuajrcp hcp }bochufh f Obpc{cufoaf( Pr/

ob}acp q mfmaichacp ebpf}}ciif}ch `co{ibncp pap/

ubofp eb hrob}fàðh q lbhaàcp q bja{àcp `chua/

hrf}ch f|fh~fhec bh bpuf àbhàf( Ebp{ráp lrb}ch

icp j}abjcp) `coc bh ufhucp cu}cp fp{bùcp) icp vrb

{rpab}ch ifp mfpbp q bwubheab}ch bpub pfmb} {c} bi

Obeaub}}æhbc) `ch ecp lajr}fp ìf|b> Ufibp eb Oa/

ibuc q [auæjc}fp eb Pfocp( Bi {ceb} eb fmpu}f`àðh

lrb rhf eb prp {}ahà{fibp f{c}ufàchbp( Rh {ceb}

eb fmpu}f`àðh vrb fþh gcq bp |æiaec {f}f bpu}r`/

ur}f} hrbpu}cp {bhpfoabhucp(

Pah eref) ifp Ofuboæua`fp bpuæh bh if mfpb

eb icp f|fh`bp àbhuïla`cp) ub`hciðja`cp q uá`ha/

`cp( Bpuæh {}bpbhubp bh hrbpu}c eïf f eïf(

Ifp Ofuboæua`fp pch hb`bpf}afp {f}f `co/

{}bheb} q fhfia~f} if fmrhefhub q |f}afef ahlc}/

ofàðh vrb hcp iibjf) lf|c}b`b q jbhb}f if `f{f/

àefe eb {bhpfoabhuc fmpu}fùc) {b}oaub bh`chu}f}

fhficjïfp q bpufmib`b} `}aub}acp ealb}bhàfibp bhu}b

ea|b}pcp lbhðobhcp q `}bf bi gæmauc eb bhl}bhuf}

{}cmibofp) ucof} ahaàfua|fp `cgb}bhubp q }bpci/

|b}icp bla`f~obhub(

@coc |fic} `riur}fi) ifp Ofuboæua`fp fo/

{iïfh if bplb}f `riur}fi ebi ahea|aerc qf vrb ebpf/

}}ciif gæmaucp eb ibùr}f) obnc}f ifp gfmaiaefebp eb

ah|bpuajfàðh) {b}oaub }b`fmf} efucp q lf|c}b`b if

ahub}{}bufàðh eb paurfàchbp ufhuc f ha|bi {b}pc/

hfi `coc `cibùa|c( If ofqc}ïf eb ifp {}clbpachbp




5

Bwu}bofer}f =;6=

q u}fmfncp uá`ha`cp fùrfibp }bvrab}bh `chcà/

oabhucp ofuboæua`cp( Ifp Ofuboæua`fp pch) {c}

bheb) `chpaeb}fefp rhf eapà{iahf q gb}}foabhuf

rha|b}pfi) bp bi ibhjrfnb eb if àbhàf q eb if uá`/

ha`f q pb gf`b {}bàpc pr ecoahac(

If ahìrpaðh eb ifp `co{bubhàfp mæpa`fp

bh bi `r}}ï`ric) bhu}b biifp if }blb}aef f if ofuboæ/

ua`f) {b}pajrb ahubj}f} icp eapuahucp f{}bhea~fnbp)

ufhuc icp lc}ofibp) ah`c}{c}fecp f ifp ealb}bhubp

eapà{iahfp) coc icp ahlc}ofibp q hc lc}ofibp) fpï

`coc lf|c}b`b} if ahubj}fàðh eb prp f{}bhea~fnbp

f{ia`æhecicp eb ofhb}f blbùa|f `rfhec }bpriubh

hb`bpf}ac bh ifp ea|b}paefe eb paurfàchbp) à}/

`rhpufhàfp q `chubwucp( Ufomaáh pch rhf ao{c}/

ufhub gb}}foabhuf f lah eb c}abhuf} icp {}c`bpcp eb

bhpböfh~f#f{}bhea~fnb) fi {b}oaua} eap`}aoahf} b

aebhuala`f} icp `chubhaecp q icp `}aub}acp eb b|firf/àðh vrb uabhbh `f}æùb} ao{}bpàheamib b ahp{a}f}

ifp ebàpachbp eb obnc}f q c{uaoa~fàðh }bifua|fp f

ea`gc {}c`bpc(

@coc hc {rbeb pb} eb cu}c ocec) if @ch/

pbnb}ïf eb Ber`fàðh q @riur}f ebi Jcmab}hc eb

Bwu}bofer}f f{cqf b ah`bhua|f bpub ua{c eb fùa|a/

efebp) vrb |fh oæp fiiæ ebi u}fmfnc ebpbo{böfec

bh ifp frifp( Pch fùa|aefebp lc}ofua|fp eb {}aob}

c}ebh vrb }co{bh bi u}aæhjric {}clbpc}/firohc/

frif `chpajrabhec rhf ocua|fàðh bwu}f {f}f bi

firohfec( [c} ucec biic) vrab}c bw{}bpf} oa fj}f/

ebàoabhuc f if Pcàbefe Bwu}boböf eb Ber`fàðh

Ofuboæua`f ’\bhur}f ]bqbp [}cp{b}‟ {c} bi u}fmf/

nc }bfia~fec {f}f vrb bpuf WWA Ciao{afef Ofub/

oæua`f bh Bwu}bofer}f pbf rhf }bfiaefe(

[f}f `chìra}) vrab}c fj}feb`b} q lbiaàuf}

eb lc}of orq bp{bàfi f icp ec`bhubp) {c} pr bhur/

pafpoc) bplrb}~c q {c} gfmb} lcobhufec q fhaof/

ec if {f}uaà{fàðh bh bpuf Ciao{afef bhu}b prp

nð|bhbp firohcp( Ufomaáh f{}c|b`gc if c`fpaðh

{f}f ah|auf}ibp q fhaof}ibp f pr lc}ofàðh q fùrf/

ia~fàðh bh bpuf eapà{iahf bh f}fp eb fef{uf}pb fifp hb`bpaefebp b ahub}bpbp eb pr firohfec( Bp oa

ebpbc vrb bpuf Ciao{afef pbf rh æomauc aeðhbc eb

`ch|a|bhàf) mrbhfp {}æùa`fp) ahub}`fomac eb

bw{b}abhàfp ber`fua|fp q eb f{}bhea~fnb(

U}ahaefe Hcjfibp Mfpf}}fub



2


Fpï lrb if WW Ciao{afefIf Nrhuf Ea}bùa|f eb if P(B(B(O( bpureað ifp {buaàchbp eb ic`fiaefebp {f}f pb} pbebp eb ifp ealb}bh/

ubp lfpbp) pajrabhec bi `}aub}ac eb ef} if {cpamaiaefe eb {f}uaà{fàðh oæwaof eb bp`cif}bp q {}c`r}fhec `r/

m}a} ucefp ifp ~chfp eb hrbpu}f `corhaefe fruðhcof( Pb f`c}eð lanf} {f}f if lfpb `cof}`fi ifp pajrabhubp

pbebp>

^CHF [CMIF@AÐH @BHU]C

FIMR]VRB]VRB FIMR]VRB]VRB A(B(P( @FPUAIIC EB IRHF

FIOBHE]FIBNC \AIIFL]FH@F EB ICP MF]]CP @( PFH NCPÁ

F^RFJF#IIB]BHF IIB]BHF A(B(P( LB]HFHEC ]CMAHF

MFEFNC^ MFEFNC^ A(B(P( PFH NCPÁ

@Æ@B]BP @FPF] EB @Æ@B]BP A(B(P(C( \ÏF EB IF [IFUF

@C]AF \FI\B]EB EBI L]BPHC A(B(P(C( \FI EB WÆIAOF

ECH MBHAUC ECH MBHAUC A(B(P( NCPÁ OFH^FHC

OÁ]AEF OÁ]AEF A(B(P( PFHUF BRIFIAF

[IFPBH@AF [IFPBH@AF @BHU]C RHA\B]PAUF]AC

PA]RBIF PA]RBIF A(B(P(C( \A]JBH EB FIUFJ]F@AF

^FL]F ^FL]F A(B(P( PRÆ]B^ EB LAJRB]CF

@coc pbeb eb if lfpb fruchðoa`f pb f`b{uð if {}c{rbpuf {}bpbhufef {c} bi Bw`bibhuïpaoc Fqrhuf/

oabhuc eb If [f}}f 'Mfefnc~!(

Bh Of}~c pb `cijð bh ahub}hbu if }b|apuf eb if WW Ciao{afef Ofuboæua`f {f}f firohcp eb =¾ eb

B(P(C( bh if ea}b`àðh guu{>##zzz(ber`f}bw(bp#zbm#jrbpu#ciao{afefp/ofubofua`fp/bwu}bofer}f q bh if eb if

{æjahf eb if P(B(B(O( ’\bhur}f ]bqbp [}ðp{b}‟(

LFPB @COF]@FI

If lfpb `cof}`fi pb `bibm}ð bi eïf : eb Ofqc f ifp 6;>0; `chlc}ob {}b|bïf if `ch|c`fuc}af(

Icp {fvrbubp vrb `chubhïfh ifp {}rbmfp ao{}bpfp bh rhfp `f}{buaiifp) fpï `coc icp mciïj}flcp) ifp gc/

nfp eb efucp {b}pchfibp eb icp {f}uaà{fhubp) ea{icofp eb icp firohcp) {}clbpc}bp) fpï `coc icp `}aub}acp eb

b|firfàðh lrb}ch bhu}bjfecp f icp `cc}eahfec}bp eb ~chf bh if }brhaðh `bibm}fef bh bi @([(] eb Oá}aef bi5 eb Ofqc f ifp < eb if uf}eb( Ea`gc {fvrbub hc lrb fmab}uc gfpuf bi oapoc ocobhuc bh vrb pb bhu}bjf}ch

ifp {}rbmfp f icp firohcp(




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Bwu}bofer}f =;6=

[f}f bi ebpf}}ciic eb ifp {}rbmfp pb lanf}ch ifp pajrabhubp hc}ofp) vrb pb eab}ch f `chc`b} f ucecp icp

{f}uaà{fhubp fhubp ebi ahaàc eb ifp oapofp>

v ]biibhf} `ch ibu}f ìf}f q ibjamib ucecp icpefucp eb if ìf|b eb aebhuala`fàðh(

v [chb} bh bi æhjric pr{b}ac} eb}b`gc eb `fefgcnf ruaia~fef bi hþob}c vrb f{f}b`b bh if ìf|beb aebhuala`fàðh(

v Ruaia~f} rhc c oæp lciacp {c} `fef {}cmibof(

v Ahea`f} bh bi æhjric pr{b}ac} a~vrab}ec ebhu}ceb rh `ï}`ric bi hþob}c eb `fef {}cmibof(

v Pb{f}f} `fef `rbpuaðh ebi {}cmibof `ch rhfiïhbf ea|apc}af(

v Ebufiif} fi oæwaoc ucecp icp {fpcp efecp {f}f}bpci|b} fef bnb}ààc(

v Pb {rhurf}æ if {}bpbhufàðh q icp}f~chfoabhucp bw{rbpucp bh if }bpciràðh eb ifpealb}bhubp rbpuachbp {ifhubfefp(

v Bhu}bjf} ifp gcnfp `ch ifp }bp{rbpufp c}ebhfefp`chlc}ob fi hþob}c ebi {}cmibof(

v [rbebh ruaia~f} `fi`rifec}f(

v Er}fàðh eb if {}rbmf> ecp gc}fp `cocoæwaoc(

Bi irhbp eïf 1 eb Ofqc `fef `cc}eahfec}) bh|að {c} u}fhp{c}ub r}jbhub c bi obeac vrb bpuaoð oæp

pbjr}c q }æ{aec) ifp {}rbmfp eb pr ~chf {f}f pb} `c}}bjaefp bh if ~chf fpajhfef( Ifp ìf|bp aebhuala`fua|fp

vrb {}bpb}|fmfh if aebhuaefe eb icp {f}uaà{fhubp) vrbef}ch {c} bi ocobhuc bh {ceb} eb icp `cc}eahfec}bp}bp{bùa|cp(

Rhf |b~ }bfia~fec bi ahub}`fomac) if `c}}b`àðh q if mf}bofàðh eb ucefp ifp {}rbmfp) lrb}ch bh|af/

efp fi `cc}eahfec} }bjachfi {f}f {}c`beb} f if pbib`àðh eb icp {f}uaà{fhubp bh if lfpb fruchðoa`f( Ifp

{}rbmfp amfh c}ebhfefp pbjþh if {rhurfàðh(

Bi eïf =; eb Ofqc pb }brhað if `coapaðh eb b|firfàðh vrb hcoahð fi {}aob} ìfpala`fec eb `fef ~c/

hf pbjþh }b~f bh if `ch|c`fuc}af f{f}bàef bh bi E(C(B( Fpaoapoc) pb pbib`àchð fi }bpuc eb {f}uaà{fhubppbjþh `}aub}acp eb {rhurfàðh q {f}uaà{fàðh {c} pbeb) gfpuf `co{ibuf} icp u}bahuf vrb fpapuab}ch f if lfpb

fruchðoa`f vrb pb `bibm}f}ïf bh If [f}}f 'Mfefnc~!(



:


Icp `ifpala`fecp {f}f if Lfpb Fruchðoa`f lrb}ch icp pajrabhubp>

F[BIIAECP HCOM]B @BHU]C 'IC@FIAEFE!

FOFEC] [C]]FP NBPÞP ABP [Á]B^ @COBHEFEC] '[IFPBH@AF! Æ]AFP FMBIAFHF U]AFHF ABP PFHUF BRIFIAF 'OÁ]AEF!

F]]CQC FPBPAC NRFH ABP ]CE]ÏJRB^ OCÖAHC 'MFEFNC^! Æ\AIF OF]@BIC @F]OBH ABP L]FH@AP@C EB C]BIIFHF 'U]RNAIIC!

MCIIFP MB@B]]F FHUCHAC NCPÁ ABP @FO[CP EB PFH ]CVRB 'MFEFNC^!

@FI^FP ER]ÆH ÆHJBI NBPÞP ABP IRAP @GFOA^C 'ECH MBHAUC!

@F]]B]C JCH^ÆIB^ L]FH@AP@C NF\AB] ABP FIFJÐH '@C]AF!

@C]@GFEC ]CI MBFU]A^ PFJ]FEC @C]F^ÐH EB NBPÞP '@Æ@B]BP!

EÏF^ JF]@ÏF [BE]C NCPÁ ABPC OF]AFHC MF]MF@AE 'PCIFHF EB ICP MF/

]]CP!

EÏF^ OF]]ÐH FIBNFHE]C ABP AIEBLCHPC PB]]FHC 'PBJR]F EB IBÐH!

LB]HÆHEB^ LRBHUBP NCPÁ OFHRBI HU]F( P]F EB IF J]FHFEF ‐ PUC FHJBI 'IIB/

]BHF!

L]FH@C @FPUFÖC EABJC @CIBJAC PFH NCPÁ '\AIIFL]FH@F EB ICP MF]]CP!

L]FH@C JCH^ÆIB^ FIBNFHE]C ABP MBHF^FA]B 'GB]]B]F EBI ERVRB!

JFIIF]EC MC]]BJC @F]ICP @CIBJAC PFH NCPÁ '\AIIFL]FH@F EB ICP MF]]CP!

JF]@ÏF/@FPAIIFP MF]]CPC IR@ÏF PFJ]FEC @C]F^ÐH EB NBPÞP '@Æ@B]BP!

JAI OF]UÏH PFORBI ABPC \FI EB WÆIAOF '\FI\B]EB EBI L]BPHC!

J]FJB]F OÆP NCPÁ IRAP HU]F( P]F( EBI @F]OBH 'MFEFNC^!

LB]HÆHEB^ MBHÏUB^ OF]ÏF PFIBPAFHCP O® FRWAIAFEC]F 'OÁ]AEF!

GB]HÆHEB^ M]ACPC PAI\B]AC ABP AIEBLCHPC PB]]FHC 'PBJR]F EB IBÐH!

GB]HÆHEB^ @B]B^C FIBNFHE]C PFH @FIAWUC '[IFPBH@AF!

GCQFP PÆH@GB^ @IF]F ABP []CLBPC] GEB^( [F@GB@C '@Æ@B]BP!

OF]UÏH UCOÁ FHE]BF ABP [Á]B^ @COBHEFEC] '[IFPBH@AF! OCIB]C UBHF MBIÁH ABP OAJRBI ER]ÆH 'F^RFJF!

[F]BNC ]FOCP BPU]BIIFABP [BE]C EB \FIEA\AF '\AIIFHRB\F EB IF PB/

]BHF!

]CE]ÏJRB^ OF]@CP @F]OBIF ABP [Á]B^ @COBHEFEC] '[IFPBH@AF! ]C[B]C J]FJB]F EFHABI @CIBJAC PFH NCPÁ '\AIIFL]FH@F EB ICP MF]]CP!

PÆH@GB^ MCIÏ\F] [BE]C ABP BWU]BOFER]F 'OÁ]AEF!

PÆH@GB^ OFR]B]F OF]@C FHUCHAC ABP ^R]MF]ÆH 'MFEFNC^!

PÆH@GB^ ]A\B]C FHF ABP []CLBPC] GB]HÆHEB^ [F@GB@C '@Æ@B]BP! UÁIIB^ ECOÏHJRB^ ]CMB]UC ABP []CLBPC] GEB^( [F@GB@C '@Æ@B]BP!

]BPB]\FP

6¾ JÐOB^ UR]ÁJFHC OF]UF PFHUF @B@AIAF '@Æ@B]BP!

=¾ ]CE]ÏJRB^ PFH [BE]C FI\F]C ABP []CLBPC] GEB^ [F@GB@C '@Æ@B]BP!

0¾ EBIJFEC IÐ[B^ NCPÁ ÆHJBI HU]F( P]F( EBI @F]OBH '\AIIFL]FH@F EB ICP

MF]]CP!

5¾ JAI MB]HÆIEB^ MBFU]A^ ABP [B]B^ @COBHEFEC] '[IFPBH@AF! 2¾ IF ]BF [FNF]BP NC]JB FPRH@AÐH NCPBLAHFP '@Æ@B]BP!




7

Bwu}bofer}f =;6=

Bpub eïf ufomaáh pb biajað fi `f}ubi vrb {}bpbhuf}æ f if Ciao{afef Ofuboæua`f eb =;6=) fpï `coc f icp

ecp f``ápau( [f}f biic `chufocp `ch if `cifmc}fàðh ebi {}clbpc}fec ebi A(B(P( Pfh Ncpá eb Mfefnc~( Bi nr}f/

ec bpur|c `co{rbpuc {c} E( Ncpá Ncfvrïh @fpaiifp F}afp) E® Of}ïf [f~ [á}b~ ]ce}ïjrb~ q E( Oajrbi Æhjbi

Oc}bhc ]bechec eb if bp{bàfiaefe eb Ofuboæua`fp) E® @f}obh Of}uïh Pfhfm}af eb @abhàfp Hfur}fibp q E®Ob}`bebp [á}b~ Gr}ufec ebi eb{f}ufobhuc eb Lïpa`f q Vrïoa`f(

Icp f}ubibp pbib`àchfecp {b}ubhbàb}ch f>

JFHFEC] OF]ÏF @FÖFEF OC]BHC ABP ECHCPC @C]UÁP( ECH MBHAUC

F@@BPAU 6¾ NF\AB] OF]UÏH UC]]BP ABP ECHCPC @C]UBP( ECH MBHAUC

F@@BPAU =¾ FHF AHÁP @CPF FJRA]]B ABP NCPÁ OFH^FHC( ECH MBHAUC

LFPB FRUCHÐOA@F

Er}fhub icp eïfp 0) 5 q 2 eb Nrhac) pb `bibm}ð if Lfpb Fruchðoa`f eb if WW Ciao{afef Ofuboæua`f

eb Bwu}bofer}f bh if ic`fiaefe eb If [f}}f 'Mfefnc~!(

If Lfpb Fruchðoa`f pb ahaàð bi eïf 0 eb Nrhac( [f}f bi u}fpifec f If [f}}f pb {rpc f eap{cpaàðh eb

icp {f}uaà{fhubp ea|b}pcp obeacp eb u}fhp{c}ub( Bi irjf} bibjaec `coc }bpaebhàf er}fhub bi lah eb pbofhf

lrb bi @ch|bhuc Gcp{beb}ïf If [f}}f( @rfhec ucecp icp {f}uaà{fhubp iibjf}ch) pb ibp f`coceð bh prp }bp/

{bùa|fp gfmaufàchbp f if |b~ vrb pb ga~c bhu}bjf eb if }bifàðh eb icp j}r{cp lc}ofecp {f}f if {}rbmf ebi

à}`rauc ofuboæua`c(

If {}rbmf ebi à}`rauc ofuboæ/

ua`c eb bpub föc pb {}b{f}ð bh bi bh/

uc}hc ochrobhufi eb If [f}}f) bh prp

{if~fp) lrbhubp) fpï `coc bh if Ajibpaf

eb Hu}f( P}f( eb if Fprhàðh( @fmb

ebà} vrb bpuf {}rbmf pajrb pabhec rhf

eb ifp fùa|aefebp oæp fu}fùa|fp eb if

Ciao{afef qf vrb pa}|b `coc {rhuc eb

{f}uaef {f}f rhf obnc} }bifàðh bhu}b

ucecp icp {f}uaà{fhubp( Feboæp) ufo/

maáh {b}oaub `chc`b} b ahub}`fomaf}

ao{}bpachbp pcm}b bpu}fubjafp vrb }b/



1


prbi|bh ifp `rbpuachbp vrb pb {ifhubbh bh if {}rbmf ebi `a}`rauc ofuboæua`c(

Bi `}aub}ac pbjraec {f}f lc}of} icp j}r{cp lrb a} }bif`achfhec `ga`c `ch `ga`f eb ic`fiaefebp ealb}bh/

ubp ic oæp eapufhub {cpamibp(

Icp j}r{cp }bpriufhubp lrb}ch>

J]R[C 6

FOFEC] [C]]FP NBPÞP [IFPBH@AF F]AFP FMBIAFHF U]AFHF OB]AEF

]C[B]C J]FJB]F EFHABI \AIIFL]FH@F EB ICP MF]]CP 'MF!

J]R[C =

PFH@GB^ MCIÏ\F] [BE]C OCHUANC 'MF!GCQFP PÆH@GB^ @IF]F @Æ@B]BP

MCIIFP MB@B]]F FHUCHAC NCPÁ \FI\B]EB EB IBJFHÁP 'MF!

J]R[C 0

OF]UÏH UCOÁ FHE]BF OFI[F]UAEF EB [IFPBH@AF '@@!

OCIB]C UBHF MBIÁH F^RFJF 'MF!J]FJB]F OÆP NCPÁ IRAP MFEFNC^

J]R[C 5

UÁIIB^ ECOÏHJRB^ ]CMB]UC @Æ@B]BPPFH@GB^ OFR]B]F OF]@C FHUCHAC MFEFNC^

]CE]AJRB^ OF]@CP @F]OBIF [IFPBH@AF '@@!

J]R[C 2

JAI OF]UÏH PFORBI \FI\B]EB EBI L]BPHC '@@!

[F]BNC ]FOCP BPU]BIIF \AIIFHRB\F EB IF PB]BHF 'MF!F]]CQC FPBPAC NRFH MFEFNC^

J]R[C <

PFH@GB^ ]A\B]C FHF @Æ@B]BPEÏF^ JF]@ÏF [BE]C NCPÁ PCIFHF EB ICP MF]]CP 'MF!

LB]HÆHEB^ LRBHUBP NCPB OFHRBI IIB]BHF'MF!

J]R[C :

F\AIF OF]@BIC @F]OBH IF @ROM]B '@@!@FI^FP ER]ÆH ÆHJBI NBPÞP \A\F]BP 'MF!

JFIIF]EC MC]]BJC @F]ICP \AIIFL]FH@F EB ICP MF]]CP 'MF!




6;

Bwu}bofer}f =;6=

J]R[C 7

LB]HÆHEB^ MBHÏUB^ OF]ÏF OÁ]AEF 'MF!@F]]B]C JCH^FIB^ L]FH@AP@C NF\AB] @C]AF '@@!L]FH@C @FPUFÖC EABJC \AIIFL]FH@F EB ICP MF]]CP 'MF!

J]R[C 1

@C]@GFEC ]CI MBFU]A^ @Æ@B]BPEÏF^ OF]]ÐH FIBNFHE]C LRBHUBP EB IBÐH 'MF!GB]HÆHEB^ @B]B^C FIBNFHE]C [IFPBH@AF '@@!

J]R[C 6;

L]FH@C JCH^ÆIB^ FIBNFHE]C GBIB@GCPF EB ICP OCHUBP 'MF!JF]@ÏF/@FPAIIFP MF]]CPC IR@ÏF @Æ@B]BP

GB]HÆHEB^ M]ACPC PAI\B]AC F]]CQCOCIAHCP EB IBÐH 'MF!

Ebp{ráp eb if `coaef q u}fp rh m}b|b ebp`fhpc) ucef if bw{beaàðh ciïo{a`f lrb }bàmaef {c} bi Bw`b/

ibhuïpaoc Fi`fieb eb If [f}}f bh bi Fqrhufoabhuc(

[cpub}ac}obhub eac `coabh~c f ifp 61>;; gc}fp if {}rbmf ebhcoahfef ’@a}`rauc Ofuboæua`c‟( Bh biif

icp {f}uaà{fhubp ebocpu}f}ch prp `chcàoabhucp ofuboæua`cp }bpci|abhec {}cmibofp vrb |b}pfmfh pcm}b bi

bhuc}hc gapuð}a`c q ochrobhufi eb If [f}}f( Ifp 6; {}rbmfp {}c{rbpufp pb }b{f}uab}ch {c} ucef if ic`fiaefe

eb If [f}}f(

Ebp{ráp eb if {}rbmf ebi à}`rauc) pb ibp eac f icp {f}uaà{fhubp if c{c}urhaefe eb eapl}ruf} eb uabo{c

iam}b( F `chuahrfàðh ucecp icp ahubj}fhubp eb if ciao{afef `bhf}ch bh bi oapoc `bhu}c ebi {rbmic(

Bi eïf 5 eb ofqc pb }bfia~ð if {}rbmf ahea|aerfi f ifp 6; eb if oföfhf bh bi A(B(P(C( ’\a`bhub Lb/

}}b}‟( Ufomaáh hcp jrpuf}ïf }b`chc`b} bi u}fmfnc iib|fec f `fmc {c} bi A(B(P(C( -\a`bhub Lb}}b}-4 {}clbpc}bp)

firohfec q `coc hc) f pr ea}bùc} E( Irap L}fhàp`c Pæh`gb~ Lb}hæheb~(

F ifp 6=>0; pb }bfia~ð if |apauf jrafef f Pfi|fuab}}f eb icp Mf}}cp( Eapl}rufocp eb if f}ubpfhïf eb rh

ufiib} eb filf}b}ïf q bi Orpbc eb Filf}b}ïf eb If [f}}f( F obeaceïf {reaocp eapl}ruf} eb rhf bpur{bhef `c/

oaef bh Pfi|fuab}}f bh `co{föïf eb if {}bpaebhuf eb if F(O([(F( ebi A(B(P(C( ’\a`bhub Lb}}b}‟( U}fp rh ebp/

`fhpc bh If Gcp{beb}ïf) lraocp {c} if uf}eb f |apauf} bi @fpuaiic eb Lb}af q eapl}ruf} eb prp bo{ahfefp `fiibp(

Qf mabh f|fh~fef if uf}eb lraocp f |apauf} if f`cjbec}f ic`fiaefe eb If Oc}b}f) pr ajibpaf) prp `fiibp)

bu`((( Ebp{ráp eb if `bhf) vrb gaàocp bh if ic`fiaefe fhub}ac}obhub obhàchfef) eapl}rufocp eb rhf cmpb}/

|fàðh fpu}chðoa`f ebi àbic `ch ubibp`c{acp(



66





6=

Bwu}bofer}f =;6=

Fi eïf pajrabhub) ebp{ráp eb ebpfqrhf}) pb {}c`beað f ocpu}f} f icp {f}uaà{fhubp bh If Gcp{beb}ïf if }bpcir/

àðh eb icp {}cmibofp ahea|aerfibp {}c{rbpucp bi pæmfec fhub}ac}(

F@UC EB @IFRPR]F

Bh bpuf c`fpaðh) bi Fùc bpur|c {}bpaeaec {c} bi fi`fieb eb If [f}}f E( Pfhuafjc Jch~æib~ Ifjf})

Ahp{bùc}f eb Ber`fàðh) E® Bh`f}hfàðh Mbiic Ochub}c) E( Irap L}fhàp`c Pæh`gb~ Lb}hæheb~ q E( ]a`f}/

ec Irbhjc Jch~æib~) `coc [}bpaebhub eb if Pcàbefe Bwu}boböf eb Ber`fàðh Ofuboæua`f ’\bhur}f ]bqbp

[}ðp{b}‟(

Bh bpub Fùc pb {}c`beað f hcom}f} f icp 06 firohcp {f}uaà{fhubp) vrb }b`cjab}ch rh ea{icof {c}

pr {f}uaà{fàðh bh if Lfpb Fruchðoa`f eb if Ciao{afef) fpï `coc rhf `fi`rifec}f àbhuïla`f q oæp f}uï`ricp

eb }bjfic(

Icp u}bp bvra{cp vrb }bpriuf}ch jfhfec}bp bh if [}rbmf ebi @a}`rauc Ofuboæua`c lrb}ch '{c} c}ebh

hroá}a`c!>



60


J]R[C 6

FOFEC] [C]]FP NBPÞP [IFPBH@AF F]AFP FMBIAFHF U]AFHF OB]AEF ]C[B]C J]FJB]F EFHABI \AIIFL]FH@F EB ICP MF]]CP 'MF!

J]R[C 5

UÁIIB^ ECOÏHJRB^ ]CMB]UC @Æ@B]BPPFH@GB^ OFR]B]F OF]@C FHUCHAC MFEFNC^]CE]AJRB^ OF]@CP @F]OBIF [IFPBH@AF '@@!

J]R[C 7

LB]HÆHEB^ MBHÏUB^ OF]ÏF OÁ]AEF 'MF!@F]]B]C JCH^FIB^ L]FH@AP@C NF\AB] @C]AF '@@!

L]FH@C @FPUFÖC EABJC \AIIFL]FH@F EB ICP MF]]CP 'MF!

@coc `ciclðh fi f`uc pb hcom}f}ch f icp u}bp firohcp vrb }b{}bpbhuf}ïfh f Bwu}bofer}f bh if WWAA

Lfpb Hf`achfi eb if Ciao{afef Ofuboæua`f vrb pb `bibm}ð bh \ajc ebi =< fi 0; eb nrhac eb =;66( Icp }b{}b/

pbhufhubp lrb}ch>

FHF PÆH@GB^ ]A\B]C @Æ@B]BP [BE]C PÆH@GB^ MCIÏ\F] OCHUANC

PFORBI JAI OF]UÏH \FI\B]EB EBI L]BPHC

Oajrbi Æhjbi Oc}bhc ]bechec)

@cc}eahfec} ]bjachfi eb if WW Ciao{afef Ofuboæua`f bh Bwu}bofer}f(




65

Bwu}bofer}f =;6=

WWAA CIAO[AFEF OFUBOÆUA@F HF@ACHFI

Ebi =< fi 0; eb Nrhac eb =(;66 pb `bibm}ð if Lfpb Hfàchfi eb if Ciao{afef {f}f firohcp eb =¾ eb

BPC bh \ajc( Icp u}bp }b{}bpbhufhubp eb Bwu}bofer}f vrb {}b|afobhub gfmïfh paec pbib`àchfecp) u}fp pr/{b}f} if lfpb `cof}`fi q if fruchðoa`f lrb}ch> Fhf Pæh`gb~ ]a|b}c) [be}c Pæh`gb~ Mciï|f} q Pforbi Jai

Of}uïh vrb lrb}ch f`co{föfecp {c} bi {}clbpc} Fhuchac Ocifhc eb if Pcàbefe Bwu}boböf ’\bhur}f ]bqbp

[}ðp{b}‟( U}fp rh if}jc |afnb f u}f|áp eb [c}urjfi) iibjfocp f \ajc q hcp ficnfocp bh bi @bhu}c ]bpaebhàfi

Ec`bhub 'Fhuajrf Rha|b}paefe Ifmc}fi! nrhuc `ch icp }b{}bpbhufhubp eb ifp cu}fp `c/

orhaefebp fruðhcofp( Ebp/ {ráp ebi }b{f}uc eb gfmaufàchbp

`cobh~ð if `ch|a|bhàf q bi ahaàc eb rhf foapufe( Bpb

oapoc eïf) u}fp if `bhf) grmc rhf }brhaðh {f}f `ch/

`}buf} ebufiibp) }b{f}/ ua} ifp f`}beaufàchbp) f/

oapbufp) bu`… q pb lc}of}ch icp bvra{cp

{f}f bi `ch`r}pc eb lcucj}flïfp ofuboæua`fp(

Icp firohcp |fh gfàbhec lcucp bh ucec

ic vrb |bfh vrb grb/ ib f ofuboæua`fp q `coc

oæwaoc gfpuf bi eïf =7 pb {ceïfh bhu}bjf}( Bhbi fùc eb ìfrpr}f pb {}cìfof}ïfh icp bvra{cp

jfhfec}bp( If fùrfàðh eb rh `ðoa`c ic`fi hcp bhu}bur|c

ifp gc}fp {}b|afp fi prböc(

U}fp rhf hc`gb `ch {c`fp gc}fp eb prböc 'uï{a`c eb if befe!) fi eïf pajrabhub hcp u}fpifefocp f if

Rha|b}paefe eb \ajc echeb pb }bfia~ð if {}rbmf ahea|aerfi eb }bpciràðh eb {}cmibofp) `coaocp bh bi `c/

obec} rha|b}pauf}ac q {c} if uf}eb pb ga~c rhf |apauf ofuboæua`f {c} \ajc) `ch if }bpciràðh {c} bvra{cp eb

fùa|aefebp ofuboæua`fp f{}c|b`gfhec icp efucp }bfibp vrb if {}c{af àrefe {}c{c}àchf( Icp bvra{cp icp

lc}oð if c}jfha~fàðh ob~ìfhec firohcp eb ea|b}pfp `corhaefebp(

Bi eïf =7) ebp{ráp eb ebpfqrhf}) hcp lraocp f if ah`co{f}fmib Pfhuafjc( Fiiï hcp bp{b}fmfh `co{f/

öb}cp eb if Pcàbefe Jfiibjf FJF[BOF vrb hcp jraf}ch bh rh `co{ibuc }b`c}}aec ur}ïpua`c vrb `cobh~ð

bh if `fube}fi echeb ur|aocp if prb}ub eb |b} bh f`àðh bi lfocpc Mcuflroba}c( U}fp if `coaef bh rh `cob/

ec} rha|b}pauf}ac eb if Rha|b}paefe eb Pfhuafjc) hcp ubhïfh {}b{f}fec rh {fpbc ofuboæua`c) eb lc}of vrb

|apaufocp icp }ah`chbp oæp ahub}bpfhubp ebi `fp`c gapuð}a`c }bifàchæhecicp `ch fp{bùcp ofuboæua`cp( Qf eb}bj}bpc f \ajc) fpapuaocp f if fùrfàðh eb rh ’`rbhuf`rbhucp‟ vrb hcp ebibauð if |bifef(



62


Bi =1) ebp{ráp eb rh j}fh ofe}rjðh) hcp ea}ajaocp f if Ichnf ebi {rb}uc {bpvrb}c eb \ajc) rhc eb

icp oæp ao{c}ufhubp eb Br}c{f) echeb |aocp if prmfpuf eb {bp`fec q fijrhcp bnbo{if}bp eb if lfrhf of}ahf

{}b{f}fecp {f}f pr |bhuf q {cpub}ac} eapu}amràðh {c}

ucef Bp{föf q [c}urjfi( Hcp ah|auf}ch f ebpfqrhf} bh

rhf eb prp `flbub}ïfp q) `ch hrbpu}cp ’mc`fufp‟) `c/

jaocp bi mf}`c vrb hcp u}fpifeð f ifp apifp @ïbp) bpf

}bpb}|f hfur}fi ufh mabh `raefef vrb lc}of {f}ub ebi

{fu}aochac eb if grofhaefe( Ur|aocp rh mrbh eïf eb

pci q eapl}rufocp eb prp {fapfnbp q eb prp {ifqfp( F if

`fïef eb if uf}eb) }bj}bpfocp f if }bpaebhàf q) u}fp if

`bhf) grmc rhf pbpaðh eb }bpciràðh eb {}cmibofp

echeb pb `cobhuf}ch icp vrb pb {}c{rpab}ch bh if

{}rbmf ahea|aerfi( If þiuaof hc`gb lrb eb {c`c prböc q or`gf `ch|a|bhàf) or`gc oc|aoabhuc {c} icp {fpaiicp q or/

`gcp |afnbp f {c} fjrf l}bp`f bh if lrbhub fi ifec eb if bhu}fef( If foapufe vrb pb lrb lc}nfhec er}fhub icp

eïfp vrb gf er}fec if Ciao{afef hc pb ci|aef læàiobhub(

Iibjð bi eïf 0; q) u}fp bi ebpfqrhc q qf `f}jfecp `ch hrbpu}cp bvra{fnbp) hcp u}fpifefocp f rh [f~c

bh bi {f}vrb orhaà{fi eb @fpu}bicp) vrb uabhbh orq mabh {}b{f}fec {f}f fùcp {}cuc`cif}acp `coc bi eb if@ifrpr}f eb if WWAA Ciao{afef Ofuboæua`f Hfàchfi( Fpapuað bi fi`fieb eb \ajc) bi bw oahapu}c Fmbi @fmf/

iib}c) lrb}ch bhu}bjfecp icp {}boacp q hcoahfecp icp àh`c jfhfec}bp {c} c}ebh filfmáua`c( Hrbpu}f firohf

Fhf lc}oð {f}ub ebi bvra{c jfhfec} eb lcucj}flïfp ofuboæua`fp( Ebp{ráp) f if `f}}bub}f) vrb) {c} uab}}fp

irpaufhfp) hcp chernc f hrbpu}cp }bp{bùa|cp ecoaàiacp( Fhuchac Ocifhc ]cob}c( [}clbpc} f`co{föfhub eb icp firohcp bwu}boböcp(




6<

Bwu}bofer}f =;6=

]bif`aðh eb @bhu}cp {f}ua`a{fhubp bh ifWW Ciao{afef Ofuboæua`f bh Bwu}bofer}f

^CHF EB FEP@]A[@AÐH> FIMR]VRB]VRB

@BHU]C IC@FIAEFE []CLBPC] H¾ EBFIROHCP

@FPUAIIC EB IRHF FIMR]VRB]VRB FHF @C]^C FQRPC 2

@FPUAIIC EB IRHF FIMR]VRB]VRB ÆHJBI L@C( FOM]CNC FHUÞHB^ <

PAB]]F EB PFH [BE]C ]C@F EB IF PAB]]F 'IF! ÆHJBI GB]HÆHEB^ ]CMIBP :

PAB]]F EB PFH [BE]C ]C@F EB IF PAB]]F 'IF! OAJRBI ÆHJBI LB]]B]C JF]]CUB 0

ICRPUFR/\FI\B]EB \FIBH@AF EB FI@ÆHUF]F O® OB]@BEBP PÆH@GB^ LB]HÆHEB^ 7

UCUFI ^CHF FIMR]VRB]VRB =1

^CHF EB FEP@]A[@AÐH> FIOBHE]FIBNC


UAB]]F EB MF]]CP F@BR@GFI NCPÁ OF]ÏF OÁHEB^ OÁHEB^ 2

UAB]]F EB MF]]CP F@BR@GFI NRFH @GF\B]C ]CE]ÏJRB^ 2

UAB]]F EB MF]]CP F@BR@GFI IRAP [A^F]]C JFIIF]FEC 2

UAB]]F EB MF]]CP F@BR@GFI PB]JAC PFHUCP ]CPBII 2

@F]CIAHF @C]CHFEC FIOBHE]FIBNC ÐP@F] MC]]BJC MB]OBNC 2

@F]CIAHF @C]CHFEC FIOBHE]FIBNC [F@F JCH^ÆIB^ OFH@GÐH 0

LRBHUB ]CHABI LRBHUB EBI OFBPU]B L@C( NF\AB] MC]]BJRB]C JÐ/OB^

5

ICP OC]AP@CP GC]HF@GCP ÆI\F]C JFÖÆH PB]]FHC 6;

IF [F]]F [F]]F 'IF! IC]BH^C ORÖC^ OCHUB]C 6=

\FIEBOBEBI ]AMB]F EBI L]BPHC MBIÁH ]AMFIIC ]RA^/]CPC 6;



6:


\FIEBOBEBI ]AMB]F EBI L]BPHC [BE]C N( OFUFOC]CP ÆI\F]B^ 6;

PAB]]F IF @FIB]F PUF( OF]UF EB ICP MF]]CP IR@ÏF IFH@GF]]C [Á]B^ 6;

OF]AFHC MF]MF@AE PCIFHF EB ICP MF]]CP NRIAÆH JRUAÁ]]B^ GR]UFEC =

HU]F( P]F( EBI @F]/OBH

\AIIFL]FH@F EB ICP MF/]]CP

ECIC]BP JCH^ÆIB^ LIC]BP 6;

PFH NCPÁ \AIIFL]FH@F EB ICP MF]]CP PFHUCP [AHUC @B]B^C 1

UCUFI ^CHF FIOBHE]FIBNC 6;2

^CHF EB FEP@]A[@AÐH> F^RFJF#IIB]BHF


MBOMÁ^F] F^RFJF OÐHA@F BPVRA\BI OCHUB]]RMAC 0

MBOMÁ^F] F^RFJF [BE]C ]CUAIA ]RA^ 5

MBOMÁ^F] F^RFJF ]C@ÏC PCIBEFE @F]@BIÁH ]CE]ÏJRB^ <

MBOMÁ^F] F^RFJF ]CPF OF]ÏF JRB]]F [AHUC] 2

OAJRBI ER]ÆH F^RFJF [FRIF MB]OBNC MF]]FJÆH 1

@RFU]C \AIIFP MB]IFHJF JBOF OC]RHC [FHAFJRF 7

IIB]BHF IIB]BHF NRFH PFHUAFJC JF]@ÏF ^F[FUF 6;

IIB]BHF IIB]BHF ]CPF]AC UBHF OC]FIBP <

HU]F( P]F( EB IF J]FHFEF IIB]BHF BIAPF OF]UÏH PÆH@GB^ 6;

UCUFI ^CHF F^RFJF#IIB]BHF <6

^CHF EB FEP@]A[@AÐH> MFEFNC^


MAC@IAOÆUA@C MFEFNC^ NCPÁ O® HF\F]]C JCH^ÆIB^/IFLCHU :

MAC@IAOÆUA@C MFEFNC^ O® ICR]EBP @CIIFEC ]BUFOF] <

@AREFE NF]EÏH MFEFNC^ O® EBI @F]OBH GB]HÆHEB^ OF]UÏ/ 0




67

Bwu}bofer}f =;6=

HB^

HU]F( P]F( EBI @F]OBH MFEFNC^ AJHF@AC F@GF =

HU]F( P]F( EBI @F]OBH MFEFNC^ ]( [FU]A@AF GB]HÆHEB^ OFBPC 6;

[RB]UF[FIOF MFEFNC^ @F]IF [AF^^F 7

]CE]ÏJRB^ OCÖAHC MFEFNC^ OFHRBI MBHÏUB^ MBHÏUB^ 6;

]CE]ÏJRB^ OCÖAHC MFEFNC^ ]FLFBI ORÖC^ LB]HÆHEB^ :

PFH FUÐH MFEFNC^ IRAP @F]ICP RMABUC JCH^ÆIB^ 61

PFH LB]HFHEC MFEFNC^ NCPÁ OF]ÏF OF]UÏH JCH^ÆIB^ 0

PFH NCPÁ MFEFNC^ NRFH OFHRBI @GÆ\B^ OC]BHC 5

PFH@UF OF]ÏF FPPRO/[UF MFEFNC^ IBC[CIEC GB]]B]F PÆH@GB^ :

PFHUF UB]BPF EB NBPÞP MFEFNC^ OF]ÏF UB]BPF OFEB]F @RFE]FEC 2

\A]JBH EB JRFEFIR[B MFEFNC^ EABJC @FOAPÐH JCH^ÆIB^ 60

^R]MF]ÆH MFEFNC^ L]FH@AP@C OC]BHC PCUC =

[RBHUB FNREF CIA\BH^F FHF OAIFJ]CP J]FNB]F GB]HFHEC 7

BH]AVRB EÏB^ @FHBEC [RBMIF EB IF @FI^F/EF

NRFH @C]UÁP []B@AFEC 0

@FO[CP EB PFH ]CVRB \FI\B]EB EB IBJF/HÁP

OF]ÏF NBPÞP OFUBCP @C]@GB]C <

UCUFI ^CHF MFEFNC^ 6=0

^CHF EB FEP@]A[@AÐH> @Æ@B]BP


ÆJC]F @Æ@B]BP O® FR]BIAF NAOÁHB^ [C]UAIIC 5

BI M]C@BHPB @Æ@B]BP O® UB]BPF PÆH@GB^ [C]]FP :

IF FPRH@AÐH @Æ@B]BP FHUCHAC EÆ\AIF LB]HÆHEB^ 66

IF FPRH@AÐH @Æ@B]BP O® NCPÁ NAOÁHB^ MF@GAIIB] 1

IA@BH@AFECP ]BRHAECP @Æ@B]BP NRFH @C]UÁP OF]JFIIC <

IA@BH@AFECP ]BRHAECP @Æ@B]BP ]RMÁH OCIFHC JÐOB^ 1



61


HC]MF @FBPF]AHF @Æ@B]BP ]FVRBI PÆH@GB^ MFÖB^F 2

GB]HÆHEB^ [F@GB@C @Æ@B]BP FHUCHAC OCIFHC ]COB]C 7

GB]HÆHEB^ [F@GB@C @Æ@B]BP AHÁP OFH^FHC \BHUR]F <

GB]HÆHEB^ [F@GB@C @Æ@B]BP NCPÁ O® ^FOM]FHC F@BEC 6;

PFJ]FEC @C]F^ÐH EB NBPÞP @Æ@B]BP O® EBI @F]OBH LB]]B]C ]FOCP 0;

PFH FHUCHAC EB [FERF @Æ@B]BP BOAIAC OC]BHC PÆH@GB^ 6;

PFHUF @B@AIAF @Æ@B]BP ]CPF JÐOB^ JF]EBÖFP 1

\ÏF EB IF [IFUF @FPF] EB @Æ@B]BP @F]ICP MBHAJHC OFH@BMC [BHF 1

\ÏF EB IF [IFUF @FPF] EB @Æ@B]BP OF]ÏF EB ICP ÆHJBIBP ]RMACJCH^ÆIB^

1

@B]]C [BE]C JÐOB^ OFE]CÖB]F EABJC NCPÁ IRMAÆH GB]]B]F 2

AHUB]HF@ACHFI PFH NC]JB OFI[F]UAEF EB @Æ/@B]BP

OB]@BEBP [FHFEB]C [F@GB@C 6

L]FH@AP@C EB C]BIIFHF U]RNAIIC IFR]F ICPFEF \ABA]C 7

UCUFI ^CHF @Æ@B]BP 62<

^CHF EB FEP@]A[@AÐH> @C]AF


BI M]C@BHPB M]C^FP IRAP ]FOCP PCIFHC =

@BIIF \AHF]AF @B@IF\ÏH EABJC GB]HÆHEB^ F]FOMAIBU <

FIFJÐH @C]AF @FPAIEF JF]@ÏF \A@BHUB 7

FIFJÐH @C]AF L]FH@AP@C OFHRBI @C]MF@GC JFÖÆH 7

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FIFJÐH @C]AF OF]ÏF MBIÁH OC]ÐH ]ÏCP :

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\FI EB WÆIAOF \FI\B]EB EBI L]BPHC \B]ÐHA@F OF]UÏH JRUAÁ]]B^ 7

UCUFI ^CHF @C]AF 665

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Bwu}bofer}f =;6=

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@FOMAC EB IBU]FP [C] HÞOB]CP

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WWAA CIAO[AFEF OFUBOÆUA@F(BWU]BOFER]F =;60

5® Bi `f}ubi jfhfec} pb}æ bi fhrhàfec} eb ea/`gf Ciao{afef(

2® Icp `f}ubibp vrbef}æh bh {cpbpaðh eb if C}/jfha~fàðh(

<® Gfm}æ rh jfhfec} q ecp f``ápau(

[F]UA@A[FHUBP

:® [ce}æh {f}uaà{f} firohcp eb 6¾ q =¾ ebB(P(C( bh bi `r}pc bp`cif} =;66/=;6=) eb `rfi/vrab} `bhu}c ber`fua|c eb if @corhaefe Fruð/hcof eb Bwu}bofer}f(

AHP@]A[@ACHBP

7¾ Icp `f}ubibp ebmb}æh bh|af}pb f>

@CHPBNB]ÏF EB BER@F@AÐH Q @RIUR]FPb`}buf}ïf Jbhb}fi eb Ber`fàðh’CIAO[AFEF OFUBOÆUA@F‟

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;<7;; OÁ]AEF 'MFEFNC^!

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LB@GF IAOAUB

6;® If lb`gf iïoaub eb }b`b{àðh eb `f}ubibppb}æ bi =; eb fm}ai eb =;6=(

[]BOACP

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6=® [f}f icp ecp f``ápau) rhf `fi`rifec}f

àbhuïla`f q rh icub eb iam}cp(

60® [f}f bi jfhfec}) |afnb q bpufhàf er}fhubicp eïfp vrb pb `bibm}b if lfpb fruchðoa`f ebif Ciao{afef =;6= bh \fi|b}eb ebi L}bphc)`ch|a|abhec `ch icp firohcp ìfpala`fecp {f/}f biif q }bàmabhec icp oapocp {}boacp(

LFIIC EBI NR]FEC

65( If bib`àðh ebi `f}ubi jfhfec} `c/}}b}æ f `f}jc eb if @coapaðh C}jfha~fec}f eb

if Ciao{afef q pr lfiic pb}æ ahf{bifmib(



01


WWA CIAO[AFEF OFUBOÆUA@F BWU]BOFER]F =;6=(Mfpbp

[F]UA@A[FHUBP>

Ebmb}æh pb} firohcp eb =¾ `r}pc eb BPC) bh bi`r}pc =;66/=;6= eb `rfivrab} @bhu}c Ber`fua|ceb if @corhaefe Fruðhcof Bwu}boböf(

[ce}æh {f}uaà{f} `coc oæwaoc 6; firohcp {c}`fef ìfpb ebi obhàchfec ha|bi vrb bwapuf bh bi@bhu}c(

LB@GF EB AHP@]A[@AÐH>

Gfpuf bi 0; eb of}~c eb =;6=(

[]C@BEAOABHUC EB AHP@]A[@AÐH>

Icp `bhu}cp lc}ofia~f}æh if pciaàure `ch if }bif/àðh eb {f}uaà{fhubp f``beabhec f if ea}b`àðh>

guu{>##zzz(ber`f}bw(bp#ciao{afefofu

Ebmb}æh `ro{iaobhuf} bh pr ucufiaefe if gcnf ebahp`}a{àðh) ao{}aoa}if q bh|af}if f if pajrabhub

ea}b`àðh>

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Pb`}buf}ïf Jbhb}fi eb Ber`fàðh

Ciao{afef Ofuboæua`f

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PBEB@BHU]C EB

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1=5;62=0;

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F@BR@GFI

Pb}jac Pfhucp ]cpbii

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1=5 ;6:05;

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JÁ\C]F

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1=5;60555

MF]@F]]CUF A(B(P( \a}jbh ebi Pcub}}föc

MF]@F]]CUF

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1=:;6;177

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1=5;;150;

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1=5;=1155



56


@fef @bhu}c {ce}æ ahp`}ama}pb bh if ~chf oæp`ch|bhabhub {f}f prp ahub}bpbp(

If lfpb fruchðoa`f pb `bibm}f}æ icp eïfp =2) =< q =: eb ofqc bh>

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1=:;60:=<

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/ [be}c @c}`gc Pæh`gb~ '{b`c}`gcKrhbw(bp!(/ Oajrbi Æhjbi Oc}bhc ]bechec 'ofoc}bhc}Kjofai(`co!(

@( Icp jfpucp eb bpufhàf q ebp{if~foabhuc f if

pbeb bibjaef {f}f if lfpb `cof}`fi) `c}}b}æh f `f}/jc eb icp {f}uaà{fhubp(

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Icp jfpucp eb bpufhàf q ebp{if~foabhuc bh

bpuf lfpb `c}}b}æh f `f}jc eb if C}jfha~fàðh(

EBPF]]CIIC>

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M( [f}f if }bfia~fàðh eb ifp {}rbmfp) icp firohcp{rbebh a} {}c|apucp eb `fi`rifec}f q ofub}afi ebeamrnc(




5=

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B( Ucecp icp {f}uaà{fhubp }bàma}æh rh ea{icof(Feboæp) f icp {}clbpc}bp vrb ahub}|bhjfh bh if{}b{f}fàðh q ebpf}}ciic eb if fùa|aefe ber`fua|f{}c{rbpuf bh if {}bpbhub `ch|c`fuc}af pb ibp }b`c/hc`b}æ rh `}áeauc eb lc}ofàðh {c} pr {f}uaà{f/àðh bh if lfpb `cof}`fi) q cu}c `}áeauc oæp) f`r/orifmib fi fhub}ac}) f fvráiicp vrb ufomaáh `cif/mc}bh bh if {}b{f}fàðh q ebpf}}ciic eb ea`gf fùa/|aefe bh if lfpb fruchðoa`f(

L( If ahub}{}bufàðh eb ifp {}bpbhubp hc}ofp `c}}b/}æh f `f}jc eb if @coapaðh C}jfha~fec}f eb ifCiao{afef q pr lfiic pb}æ ahf{bifmib(



i @CH\C@F>

JCMAB]HCEBBWU]BOFER]F

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Pb`}buf}ïfJbhb}fiebBer`fàðh

i C]JFHA^F>

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guu{>##|bhur}f}bqbp{}cp{b}(ber`f}bw(bp

i @CIFMC]FH>Bw`bibhuïpaoc Fqrhufoabhuc eb \fi|b}eb ebi L}bphc

Bw`bibhuïpaoc Fqrhufoabhuc eb Binfp

Bw`bibhuïpaoc Fqrhufoabhuc eb Pfh Of}uïh eb U}b|bnc

Revista Olimpiada 2012

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