7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull JY[IgraveSD^Z T LA^JSDA

A jstms nms j`jljhtms gacrigravea quj antildeandr uh tjrijrmquj js j` F`udnm Iugravesldim Zhdvjrsa` Aumlstj aituarigravea imlmdhtjrljndardm jhtrj j` jspigraverdtu y `a latjrda para quj j`prdljrm pujna dhtjraiidmhar imh j` sjbuhnm a` sjr nmsj`jljhtms ndsmidanms tah ndfjrjhtjs uhm nj` mtrm Yjrigraveaimlm uha jspjidj nj ialpm nj a`botildeh tdpm nj fujrza qujjlaharigravea nj` jspigraverdtu sucmrndhanm a` dhffiuem nj `a vm`uhtannj` ldslm [ara imlprjhnjr jstm a ligrave lj ayuna j`dlabdharlj uh pjqujntildem jxpjrdljhtm nj figravesdia5 Yj imbjuh dlaacuteh uha gmea nj papj` y `dlanura nj gdjrrm y sjim`mia j` dlaacuteh jhidla nj uha ljsa pmr jejlp`m `a gmeanj papj` jhidla y sj jspm`vmrja `a `dlanura nj gdjrrmjhidla nj `a gmea Vjlms imlm `a `dlanura nj gdjrrm (`a

latjrda) va fmrlahnm `igravehjas smcrj j` papj` a`rjnjnmrnj` dlaacuteh (j` jspigraverdtu) sdbudjhnm `as `igravehjas nj fujrza nj`ialpm labhaumltdim (j` ffiudnm iugravesldim uhdvjrsa`) bjhjranmjhtrj `ms pm`ms hjbatdvms y pmsdtdvms imhijhtraacutehnmsjpartdiu`arljhtj jh `ms ldslms Sjpdtm quj jstm sugrave`m jsuh jejlp`m para ayunar a `a imlprjhsdugraveh nj` fjhugraveljhmya quj prmcac`jljhtj `a rja`dnan sja luigm laacutesimlp`jea y nj gjigm `m sja

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Jsj pjrdjspigraverdtu sjrigravea jhtrj mtras prmpdjnanjs j`abjhtj ljndahtj a` iua` `ms jspigraverdtus pujnjh lahdfjstarsjy gasta rjvjstdrsj tjlpmra`ljhtj nj latjrda j`

jitmp`aslagt

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caem j` rdburmsm imhtrm` nj idjhtigravefiims nj rjhmlcrj ta`jsimlm R Irmmojs A S Ra``aij I Sdigjt I mlcrmsmI F`allardmh B Gald`tmh6 y mtrms

ms idjhtigravefiims quj hm gah jstundanm j` fjhugraveljhma fmhnm aotildeh hm gah aijptanm jsas jvdnjhidas idjhtigravefiiasimlm vaacute`dnas `m taigah nj fraunj pmr partj nj `mslaumlnduls quj gah imhsjbudnm jhbantildear pmr ljndm njartdlantildeas a cujha fj nj ms im`jbas quj m gah mcsjrvanm

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fujrzas jh `a gulahdnan tjrrjha= frac12a idjhida mfiida`aijptaraacute a`botildeh nigravea `a jxdstjhida nj` jspigraverdtu imlm fujrzarja` nj` uhdvjrsm= frac12as imhfjsdmhjs rj`dbdmsas aijptaraacuteh `asimhi`usdmhjs nj `a idjhida= Tm irjm quj sigrave y j` Jspdrdtdslmimlm idjhida nj mcsjrvaidugraveh nj jsms fjhugraveljhms qujprjtjhnj sjr y imlm fi`msmfigravea jspdrdtua`dsta quj js acmbapmr j``m [msdc`jljhtj hm `m vjalms jh vdna hdhbuhm nj`ms quj jstalms agmra aquigrave pjrm ``jbaraacute hm `m nunm yimlm jspigraverdtus jtjrhms quj smlms `m vjrjlms

9 a Cdc`da D Imr 15gtgt

gt Jitmp`asla5 hmlcrj imh j` iua` Igar`js Sdigjt njsdbhugrave uha sustahida imrpmra`jxunana pmr `ms laumlnduls nj jfjitms figravesdims jh trahij a travaumls nj `ms pmrms yndvjrsms mrdfiidms nj` iujrpm FALLASDMH I as fujrzas hatura`js njsimhmidnas Carij`mha 5 Lauiid147=6 Vaumlasj5 ms arigdvms nj ^B Gald`tmh _Jh `igravehja 0gttp5survdva`aftjrnjatgc`mbspmtimljs3112`ms-arigdvms-t-b-gald`tmhgtl`8

Njcjlms aijptar quj smh nms fujrzas nj`uhdvjrsm quj sj mpmhjh y quj sj uhjh a`ldslm tdjlpm sj dhffiujhidah y tracaeah uhasmcrj `a mtra y quj vah sdjlprj uhdnas a` sjr`as nms mrdbdhardas nj uha ldsla fujhtj Ndms

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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4BAumlHJYDY [AHJ^ASDM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

BAumlHJYDY

[AHJ^ASDM

Ga jstundanm Idjhidas Figravesdias jh Crasd` Yj njndia dhtjhsaljhtj a`a ndvu`baidugraveh nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh ljndms jsirdtms randm j DhtjrhjtFmrla partj nj `a Imldsdugraveh nj Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Nmitrdha Jspigraverdtanj `a Fjj

I`aacuteunda Cjrharnjs

nj Iarva`gm

a bjm`mbigravea js uha nj `as idjhidas hatura`jsfuhnaljhta`js a`bm laacutes njsimhmidna quj sus gjrlahaslaymrjs5 `a astrmhmligravea `a figravesdia `a quigraveldia y `a cdm`mbigravea Jh `acata``a nj `as dnjas iuahnm qujrjlms rjspujstas aijria nj`a urahmbrafigravea nj `a ^djrra jstundalms nj fmrla rdburmsa `aimlpmsdidugraveh `a jstruitura dhtjrha `ms prmijsms jvm`utdvms`as prmpdjnanjs figravesdias ndhaacuteldia j gdstmrda nj `ms latjrda`js

tjrrjstrjs Jstms ahaacute`dsds imhtrdcuyjh a` jhtjhndldjhtm nj `afmrlaidugraveh nj `a imr tjza tjrrjstrj

frac12Quauml pmnjlms sacjr njhtrm nj `ms imhijptmsjpdstaumlldims nj `a vjrnan rja`dnan y mcejtdvdnan nj `a baumlhjsdsp`ahjtarda= Luigas smh `as gdpugravetjsds idjhtigravefiias sdh jlcarbm`a Imndfiiaidugraveh Jspigraverdta hms jhsjntildea quj hujstrm mrcj asigraveimlm `ms njlaacutes p`ahjtas quj ffiuitotildeah jh j` jspaidm smhlasas quj sdrvjh nj ndfjrjhtjs lahjras a `ms jspigraverdtusA`buhms nj j``ms sj jhiujhtrah jh jstandms dhdida`js mtrms yaa`cjrbah a jspigraverdtus ldjhtras mtrms tahtms jstaacuteh jh prmijsmnj jxtdhidugraveh

ms jspigraverdtus quj ya a`iahzarmh j` branm nj purjza

smh `ms arqudtjitms jstj`arjs quj sdjlprj mcjnjijh a`jyjs jtjrhas y tdjhjh imlm tarja im`acmrar imh Ndms jh`a fmrlaidugraveh nj `ms luhnms utd`dzahnm y tracaeahnm `asjhjrbigraveas jh `a brah sdhfmhigravea nj `a jvm`uidugraveh Jh su mrdbjh jsmsc`mqujs njfmrljs nj lasas im`msa`js smh lahdpu`anms pmrjsms prmyjitdstas jh j` `acmratmrdm uhdvjrsa` trahsfmrlahnm`a latjrda dlpmhnjrac`j jh pmhnjrac`j J``ms `m gaijhrjtdrahnm nj` a`laiaumlh uhdvjrsa` `ms rjiursms jhjrbaumltdimspara ta` fih

frac12Quauml pmnjr js jstj quj imlpmrta talantildea fujrzaiapaz nj njsp`azar miaumlahms y jrdbdr lmhtantildeas= frac12Iuaacutehtasimhlmidmhjs vdm`jhtas fujrmh hjijsardas para quj j` p`ahjtajstuvdjra jh as ljemrjs imhndidmhjs para a`cjrbar a` jspigraverdtujh jvm`uidugraveh= Luigms ndraacuteh quj jsa fujrza js `a Hatura`jzasdh jlcarbm smh `ms jspigraverdtus purms qudjhjs immrndhah jsmsprmijsms y fujrzas caem jstrditms imlahnms y imhndidmhah

`ms dhhuljrac`js p`ahjtas para aimbjr jspigraverdtus jhiarhanms mnjsjhiarhanms Jh hujstrm iasm njspuaumls nj `a ab`mljraidugravehffiuigravendia j` mrcj tjrrjhm tmnavigravea hm jstaacute prjparanm paraa`cjrbar `a vdna ta` imlm `a imhmijlms

[ara njtjrldhar uha uhdnan bjmirmhm`ugravebdia nj `a^djrra y mctjhjr uha hmidugraveh rj`atdva a su fmrlaidugraveh sjrja`dza uha jstdlaidugraveh a travaumls nj uha dhspjiidugraveh nj sus

jxtraitms jxaldhahnm `ms njpugravesdtms suijsdvms supjrpujstmsAha`dzahnm jsms pjrigravemnms bjm`ugravebdims mcsjrvalms quj`a ^djrra ga pasanm pmr vardas fasjs jh su fmrlaidugraveh Jsasfasjs m trahsfmrlaidmhjs fujrmh sjiu`arjs pmr `m tahtm

trasiurrdjrmh imh `jhtdtun `m quj ``jvugrave a quj `ms j`jljhtmsquj imhstdtuyjh j` b`mcm sj jqud`dcrasjh pau`atdhaljhtja`iahzahnm `a pmsdidugraveh njsjana jxijptuahnm j` pjrigravemnmnd`uvdahm nmhnj j` ialcdm fuj laacutes sotildecdtm A` jxaldhar `asiapas bjm`ugravebdias sj pujnj afirlar nj lahjra luy ijriahaa `a rja`dnan sd jstas zmhas jstacah miupanas pmr lar `abmscmsqujs p`ahdidjs m pmc`anms pmr ahdla`js tjrrjstrjs [mrimhsdbudjhtj ms jxtraitms supjrpujstms dhndiah uha prujcadhj`undc`j nj sd `a zmha smpmr tugrave m hm vdna prdldtdva

Vjalms imh laacutes njtjhdldjhtm sjbotildeh a Baumlhjsds dcrm nj`a Imndfiiaidugraveh Jspigraver dta nms fujrmh as iausas quj favmrjidjrmh`ms ialcdms jh `a fmrlaidugraveh nj `a ^djrra5 j` fujbm y j` abuaJ` prdljrm a travaumls nj` guhndldjhtm nj `ms suj`ms pmr `afujrza nj` fujbm jh `as jrupidmhjs vm`iaacutehdias quj jlpuearmhj` abua a zmhas dhfjrdmrjs A imhtdhuaidugraveh `a sjbuhna iausa j`abua aituugrave imh drrupidmhjs njscmrnaldjhtms dhuhnaidmhjsy aiulu`aidmhjs nj tdjrras jh `as njsjlcmianuras nj `msrigravems jxpu`sahnm `a lar y irjahnm hujvms tjrrdtmrdms

Jh j` jstanm prdldtdvm nj` b`mcm `ms aigataldjhtmsnj `ms pm`ms nj `a ^djrra smh dhndidms nj quj jh sus dhdidmsjstuvm jh jstanm ffiuigravendim jstanm quj punm njcjrsj a quj `alatjrda a` prdhidpdm jstuvdjra `diuana pmr `a aiidugraveh nj` fujbmm nd`udna pmr j` abua J` ia`mr jh j` dhtjrdmr nj `a ^djrra `asfujhtjs tjrla`js fujbms lasas fuhndnas jsiupdnas pmr `ms

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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1 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull BAumlHJYDY [AHJ^ASDM

vm`iahjs `as brdjtas fmrlanas pmr `ms tjlc`mrjs nj tdjrrashm njeah nuna nj su dhtjrdmr igravebhjm nj jsj lmnm rjsu`ta`ugravebdim quj su jstanm pastmsm mrdbdhardm njcj gacjr tjhdnmimlm iausa prdlmrnda` j` ia`mr y hm j` abua [mr `m tahtmjh su mrdbjh `a ^djrra fuj uha lasa dhiahnjsijhtj quj aimhsjiujhida nj a randaidugraveh ia`ugraverdia sj jhfrdugrave nj fujra gaidanjhtrm fmrlahnm uha imrtjza jh su supjrfiidj ldjhtras sudhtjrdmr pjrlahjij ffiudnm

^mnm jh j` prdhidpdm js imhfusdugraveh jh uha aparjhtjsdtuaidugraveh iaugravetdia nmhnj `as jhjrbigraveas sj jhfrigraveah luy`jhtaljhtj Njsnj `a fmrlaidugraveh tjrrjha `ms aacutetmlms smh`ms ldslms hd uhm laacutes hd uhm ljhms pjrm a imhsjiujhida

nj` jhfrdaldjhtm sj fmrlarmh hujvas imlcdhaidmhjs ^mnmsaquj``ms j`jljhtms susijptdc`js nj vm`atd`dzarsj pasarmha jstanm basjmsm a njhsdnan nj tmnms jsms basjs jhsuspjhsdugraveh imhfjrigravea uha mpaidnan ta` quj hm pjhjtraca `a`uz nj` sm` sdjhnm dhiapaz nj mfrjijr ialpm faumlrtd` a `a vdna

J` prdljr jfjitm nj` jhfrdaldjhtm y prmnuitm ndrjitmnj `a sm`dndfiiaidugraveh nj `a supjrfiidj jxtjrdmr quj iaraitjrdzaj` pjrigravemnm prdlardm fuj `a fmrlaidugraveh nj` brahdtm Jsaimhnjhsaidugraveh nj `ms ljta`js fmrlugrave `a imstra sm`dndfiiananj` b`mcm quj iucrj partj nj `a supjrfiidj p`ahjtarda y jsimhsdnjrana j` jsquj`jtm tjrrjhm

J` sjbuhnm jfjitm fuj `a `diujfaiidugraveh nj `ms vapmrjs quj

sj prjidpdtarmh smcrj j` suj`m Yj prmnuejrmh `uvdas nj ljta`jsquj iausarmh fisuras vjtas y fi`mhjs jh j` brahdtm iausahnmnjsimlpmsdidmhjs suijsdvas Idi`ms dhdhtjrrulpdnms njprjidpdtaidmhjs y jvapmraidmhjs prmpdidarmh `a caeana nj `a

tjlpjratura Ahaacuterqudia ljzi`a nj j`jljhtms iaraitjr dzugravejsj pjrigravemnm prdlardm nmhnj imlm ya sj jxp`diugrave hdhbotildeh sjrvdvm punm jxdstdr

Jh j` pjrigravemnm nj trahsdidugraveh j` pjqujntildem jspjsmr nj`a imrtjza brahigravetdia prmpmridmhaca uha naumlcd` rjsdstjhidaAcuhnahtjs nd`ataidmhjs y njsp`azaldjhtms pjrldtdjrmhquj `a `ava dhtjrdmr sj trahscmrnara J` adrj fuj `dcjrahnm`as latjrdas laacutes pjsanas pmr prjidpdtaidugraveh sdjhnm aumlstas

arrastranas y ndsuj`tas jh j` abua quj pmsjigravea pmiaprmfuhndnan y iucrigravea iasd tmna `a supjrfiidj

Jh jsj tdjlpm `ms jhtjs cdm`ugravebdims tmnavigravea hm jxdstigraveah

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a`tjraidugraveh laacutes njstaiac`jJh jsj pjrigravemnm imljhzarmh a fmrlarsj `ms jxtraitms

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imh `a aiidugraveh nj` ia`mr y `a guljnan prmpdidugrave j` alcdjhtjdnugravehjm a` surbdldjhtm nj `as p`ahtas iucrdjhnm raacutepdnaljhtj`a supjrfiidj imh vjbjtaidugraveh acuhnahtj y jxucjrahtj a`

tdjlpm quj `as p`ahtas aiuaacutetdias talcdaumlh sj lu`tdp`diarmhA imhsjiujhida nj` njsp`azaldjhtm nj` abua quj sjbuigraveasu idi`m hatura` `ms tjrrjhms fujrmh dhuhnanms y iucdjrtmspmr sjndljhtms nj ta` lmnm quj vardas bjhjraidmhjsa`tjrhanaljhtj jstuvdjrmh smljtdnas a sjquigravea y rjpmc`aidugravehahdqud`anms y rjhmvanms nj fmrla iigravei`dia

Jh j` pjrigravemnm sjiuhnardm `a vjbjtaidugraveh im`msa` y `msahdla`js njsaparjijh njcdnm a `ms iatai`dslms y a` ialcdmnj imhndidmhjs atlmsfaumlrdias iaraitjrdzanms pmr brahnjs

`jvahtaldjhtms y jrupidmhjs vm`iaacutehdias Jh jsa aumlpmia `avjbjtaidugraveh irjij njspaidm pmr `a ndsldhuidugraveh nj` ia`mry `a guljnan ms ahdla`js smh tmnavigravea aiuaacutetdims surbjh

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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11BAumlHJYDY [AHJ^ASDM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

`ms ahficdms y sj njstaia jh jsa jra `a apardidugraveh nj brahnjsrjptd`js Jh jsj pjrigravemnm `a vdna ahdla` a`iahzugrave uh jhmrljnjsarrm``m imlm gacigravea miurrdnm imh `a vjbjtaidugraveh jh j`pjrigravemnm ahtjrdmr J` adrj laacutes purdfiianm pjrldtdugrave quj `msahdla`js vdvdjsjh smcrj `a ^djrra Njsaparjijh `ms ahdla`jsaiuaacutetdims bdbahtjsims sustdtudnms pmr ahdla`js ahaacute`mbms pjrmlaacutes prmpmridmhanms y nj talantildem laacutes rjnuidnm

Jh j` pjrigravemnm tjridardm j` jstanm alcdjhta` ialcdahujvaljhtj prmpdidahnm imhndidmhjs nj vdta`dnan quj sjaprmxdlah a` jstanm aitua` aparjidjhnm hujvas jspjidjs imhmrbahdzaidugraveh laacutes pjrfjita y quj sj anaptah a `a hatura`jzanj` ljndm nmhnj smh ``alanms a vdvdr Agmra `a jhvm`tura

nj `a imstra tjrrjstrj tdjhj laymr jspjsmr prmpmridmhahnmuha imhsdnjrac`j rjsdstjhida a `a aiidugraveh nj` fujbm dhtjrdmrNj fmrla hm sdlu`taacutehja sj fmrlarmh `ms pdims y ianjhasnj lmhtantildeas `m quj miasdmhugrave quj `a supjrfiidj nj` suj`m sjvm`vdjra njsdbua` y quj `as abuas fujrah jlpueanas a zmhasdhfjrdmrjs trahsfmrlahnm j` aspjitm nj` b`mcm

J` pjrigravemnm nd`uvdahm jstaacute larianm pmr j` laymriatai`dslm nj` p`ahjta pmr tmnas partjs qujnah sjntildea`jsnj ta`js imhvu`sdmhjs as abuas dhvandjrmh `ms imhtdhjhtjslmndfiiahnm randia`ljhtj j` pahmrala gasta jhtmhijsjxdstjhtj y `ms pm`ms imljhzarmh a iucrdrsj nj gdj`mfmrlahnm `ms b`aidarjs `m iua` apuhta a quj gucm uhsdbhdfiiatdvm ialcdm nj tjlpjratura b`mca` ^mnms `msga``azbms idjhtigravefiims ``jvah a pjhsar quj jsj ialcdm fujcrusim

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Hm gacigravea imhndidmhjs nj vdta`dnan para j` gmlcrj jh`ms pjrigravemnms ahtjrdmrjs sdh jlcarbm gay njsiucrdldjhtmsrjidjhtjs quj parjijh imhfirlar quj a`botildeh jspaumlidljh

jxdstigravea ahtjs nj` pjrigravemnm nd`uvdahm pjrm `m idjrtm js qujsu prm`dfjraidugraveh smcrj `a ^djrra imljhzugrave a jscmzarsj imhalp`dtun jh j` pjrigravemnm pmsnd`uvdahm Jh a Baumlhjsds sj pujnjjhimhtrar5 laquoJsj pjrigravemnm (pmsnd`uvdahm) pujnj iaraitjrdzarsjpmr `a prjsjhida nj` gmlcrj jh `a ^djrraiquest Yubjrdlms `a`jitura nj` iapigravetu`m W nj` ldslm `dcrm nmhnj sj jxp`dia `afmrlaidugraveh dhdida` nj `ms sjrjs vdvms bjhjraidugraveh jspmhtaacutehjajsia`a nj `ms sjrjs mrbaacutehdims y j` gmlcrj imrpmra`

Ld``arjs nj antildems smh dlprjsidhndc`js para quj ianafasj pjrsdba su jstacd`dnan smh hjijsardas rjvm`uidmhjsbjhjra`js y parida`js nj` b`mcm para a`iahzar j` aspjitmaitua` prmpdidahnm nj jsj lmnm `ms alcdjhtjs rjqujrdnms a

`a jvm`uidugraveh nj `a vdna mnms `ms pjrigravemnms fujrmh hjijsardmspara quj `ms sjrjs vdvms jvm`uidmhasjh sdjhnm j` sjr gulahmj` aacutepdij nj jsj njsarrm``m

a ^djrra fuj prjparana para quj j` gmlcrj tuvdjra`as ljemrjs imhndidmhjs nj supjrvdvjhida iuahnm ``jbara j`lmljhtm nj miupar tjlpmra`ljhtj jstj p`ahjta para a

travaumls nj `a jhiarhaidugraveh jejrijr sus faiu`tanjs nj jspigraverdtudhlmrta` Iuahnm vuj`va a` luhnm jspdrdtua` nj nmhnj jsmrdbdhardm j` jspigraverdtu pmnraacute miupar nj aiujrnm a su hdvj`jvm`utdvm mtrms luhnms talcdaumlh prjparanms para sunjsarrm``m nmhnj sjbudraacute su fmrlaidugraveh

Ld``arjs nj antildems smh dlprjsidhndc`js paraquj iana fasj pjrsdba su jstacd`dnan smhhjijsardas rjvm`uidmhjs bjhjra`js y parida`jsnj` b`mcm para a`iahzar j` aspjitm aitua`prmpdidahnm nj jsj lmnm `ms alcdjhtjsrjqujrdnms a `a jvm`uidugraveh nj `a vdna

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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13 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull A JVMZIDMH AHIgraveLDIA

A JVMZIDMH AHIgraveLDIA

Dhbjhdjrm Dhnustrda` Ndvu`banmr jspigraverdta y rjnaitmr nj` pjrdugravendim J` Aacutehbj`nj` Cdjh puc`dianm pmr j` I J ‐Jhtrj j` Idj`m y a djrraldquo nj Yah Lartigravehnj Va`njdb`jsdas (Lanrdn)

Emsauml Dbhaidm Lmnaldm

Hana pjrlahjij jstaidmhardm jh `a Hatura`jza tmnm jvm`uidmha jh iulp`dldjhtm nj `a jy nj [rmbrjsma travaumls nj `a rjjhiarhaidugraveh y nj `ms ljiahdslms njanaptaidugraveh y gjrjhida Jh iana jhiarhaidugraveh dhtjbralms`a gjrjhida figravesdim-dhstdhtdva nj hujstrms panrjs imh `agjrjhida nj hujstras imhqudstas fisdmpsdimsmlaacutetdias njjxdstjhidas pasanas dhtjbranas jh hujstrm pjrdjspigraverdtupjrldtdaumlhnmhms njsarrm``ar hujvas iapaidnanjs yiaraitjrigravestdias dha`iahzac`js gasta jsj lmljhtm

a jxpjrdjhida jh tmnas `as jtapas nj `a jvm`uidugraveh

js j` lmtmr quj j`acmra `a aitdvdnan rjffijea (j` rjffijem)quj prjijnjraacute a` dhstdhtm (autmlatdzaidugraveh) quj a su vjzprjijnjraacute a `a aitdvdnan rjffijxdva quj sjraacute `a casj nj `adhtj`dbjhida jh su ialdhm gaida `a imhidjhida nj sigrave ldslm y`a rjspmhsacd`dnan lmra`

Bacrdj` Nj`ahhj jh su `dcrm a jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldia hmsndij5 laquo mnms ms ialcdms quj sj mcsjrvah jh a Hatura`jzahm tdjhjh sdhm uh mcejtm5 j` prmbrjsm nj` Jspigraverdtuiquest J`jstundm nj a jy nj [rmbrjsm hms pjrldtj imhi`udr quj hanamiurrj jh `a Hatura`jza pmr iasua`dnan Iana anaptaidugravehsj prmyjita jh j` p`ahm jxtra-figravesdim para iulp`drsj jh j`p`ahm figravesdim jh iulp`dldjhtm nj `a jy Hatura` para j` cdjh

nj tmnas `as irdaturas jh vdrtun nj `a brah jy nj Zhdnanquj rdbj `a Irjaidugraveh^mnm jvm`uidmha jh `a Irjaidugraveh tahtm `m

pjrtjhjidjhtj a` aacutelcdtm nj `a latjrda prmvjhdjhtj pmr tahtm nj` [rdhidpdm Latjr da` m F`udnm Iugravesldim Zhdvjrsa`imlm `m pjrtjhjidjhtj a` aacutelcdtm jspdrdtua` prmvjhdjhtjnj` [rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj quj ahdla tmnm `m irjanm J`[rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj js `a jxprjsdugraveh nj `a atraiidugraveh jh j`ldhjra` a sjhsaidugraveh jh `m vjbjta` j` dhstdhtm jh j` ahdla` j`razmhaldjhtm jh j` gmlcrj y `m ndvdhm jh j` jspigraverdtu purm(vjr apar tanm ‐Autmlatdslm y gjrjhidaldquo jh `dcrm Jvm`uidugravehjh nms luhnms Igdim Wavdjr) Ndigm nj mtrm lmnm5 j`[rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj jh j` vjbjta` aprjhnj a njsarrm``ar `msdhstdhtms Jh j` ahdla` ya imh `ms dhstdhtms njsarrm``anmsprmbrjsa njsarrm``ahnm `a dhtj`dbjhida Jh j` gmlcrj njdhtj`dbjhida njspdjrta su prmbrjsm prdhidpa` sj njsarrm``araacute

jh j` ialpm nj` sjhtdldjhtm T jh j` sjr supjrdmr im`lanmnj sjhtdldjhtms suc`dljs imhtdhuaraacute su njsarrm``m gaida`igraveldtjs dhsmspjiganms nj imhidjhida jspdrdtua` a`iahzahnm`ms p`ahms supjrdmrjs nj `a Irjaidugraveh jh uhdugraveh imh Ndms

a mcsjrvaidugraveh hms njlujstra quj nj` ldslm lmnmquj j` dhstdhtm jh j` ahdla` js nj `a ldsla hatura`jza qujjh j` gmlcrj su dhtj`dbjhida y sjhtdldjhtm talcdaumlh `m smhy varigraveah sugrave`m jh j` branm nj njsarrm``m Bacrdj` Nj`ahhjjh su `dcrm a jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldia ndij5 laquo`a hatura`jzapjhsahtj nj uhm y nj` mtrm js nj` ldslm mrnjh y hm

ndfijrjh jh jsjhida sdhm jh branm nj lahdfjstaidugraveh y jstmjs prjidsaljhtj `m quj jvdnjhidah idjrtas faiu`tanjs nj`ms ahdla`js ta`js imlm `a atjhidugraveh j` eudidm j` raidmidhdm`a asmidaidugraveh nj dnjas `a ljlmrda y `a dlabdhaidugravehiquest (paacuteb4) Anjlaacutes njlujstra talcdaumlh laquoquj `ms sjhtdldjhtmslmra`js ta`js imlm j` rjlmrndldjhtm j` sjhtdnm lmra``a hmidugraveh nj `m eustm y nj `m dheustm jtiaumltjra sj ga``ah jhbjrljh jh tmnms `ms ahdla`jsiquest (paacuteb 2)

Jh `a dhfahida gulaha m rjjhiarhaidmhjs prdldtdvasnj` gmlcrj hms lmvjlms laacutes pmr dhstdhtms prmvjhdjhtjsnj `as jtapas nj `a ahdla`dnan ahtjrdmr quj pmr imlp`jtadhtj`dbjhida Ymh pjrdmnms prdldtdvms nmhnj j` gmlcrj

aparjhta jstar tmnavigravea laacutes ijria nj `a ahdla`dnan quj njsu vjrnanjra pmsdidugraveh jh `a gulahdnanms dhstdhtms casanms tmnms j``ms jh `a jy Hatura`

huhia sj jqudvmiah pjrm imh j` njsarrm``m nj `adhtj`dbjhida njrdvah imlotildehljhtj a` prdhidpdm jh pasdmhjsa travaumls nj` acusm pmr jbmigraveslm imhsjiujhida nj` dhstdhtmnj imhsjrvaidugraveh Vah ijndjhnm su dhffiujhida imhfmrljsj njsarrm``ah `ms sjhtdldjhtms y pmr j``m `a hatura`jzadlprdlj ya jh j` ahdla` j` sjhtdldjhtm nj` almr caemsus fmrlas laacutes guld`njs y rundljhtardas a travaumls nj `alatjrhdnan

Jh hujstrm jstanm aitua` jvm`utdvm tmnavigravea hm

ndspmhjlms nj iapaidnan hd imhmidldjhtms sufiidjhtjs paraimlprjhnjr j` prmijsm nj irjaidugraveh nj `ms jspigraverdtus Ydhjlcarbm j` jstundm y a mcsjrvaidugraveh nj as jyjs Hatura`js

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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19A JVMZIDMH AHIgraveLDIA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

hms pjrldtdraacute aprmxdlarhms a` imhmidldjhtm nj `as jtapasahtjrdmrjs y pmstjrdmrjs a su fmrlaidugraveh Imlprjhnjlmsquj j` [rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj jvm`uidmha a travaumls nj `msprdljrms trjs rjdhms imhstdtuyjhnm jh j` pjrdjspigraverdtu miujrpm jspdrdtua` tmnms `ms prmijsms hjijsardms para `avdna mrbaacutehdia `ms dhstdhtms y fiha`ljhtj `a vdna dhtj`jitua`imhsidjhtj J` pjrdjspigraverdtu lmnj`a j` iujrpm figravesdim y js j`vjgigraveiu`m nj trahsldsdugraveh nj `ms avahijs mctjhdnms a travaumlsnj as suijsdvas rjjhiarhaidmhjs nj` a`la pmr ms ndfjrjhtjsrjdhms jh uh prmijsm nj dhndvdnua`dzaidugraveh prmbrjsdva

pmr j` iua` sj vuj`vj dhndvdsdc`j gasta a`iahzar j` rjdhmgmldha` rjidcdjhnm `a igdspa ndvdha m [rdhidpdm Ndvdhm (vjriapigravetu`m DDD nj Jvm`uidugraveh jh nms luhnms nj Igdim Wavdjr)jlpjzahnm uha hujva jtapa nmhnj sjraacute rjspmhsac`j njsus aiidmhjs imlm imhsjiujhida nj `a anqudsdidugraveh nj` `dcrja`cjnrigravem j` sjhtdnm lmra` `a imhidjhida nj sigrave ldslm y njsu pasanm jh cusia nj `as faiu`tanjs jspdrdtua`js quj `jgacd`dtjh para `a imhqudsta nj` prugravexdlm rjdhm j` ahbauml`dim

ms jspigraverdtus smh irjanms sdlp`js j dbhmrahtjs `mquj sdbhdfiia quj a` prdhidpdm tmnms smlms iarjhtjs njimhmidldjhtms y tjhjlms dnaumlhtdia aptdtun para prmbrjsarljndahtj hujstra aitdvdnan dhndvdnua` Hm rjidcdlms pmr

j``m nmhjs jspjida`js m prdvd`jbdms quj hms ndfjrjhidjhnj iua`qudjr mtrm jspigraverdtu sdjhnm tmnms gdems nj` ldslmIrjanmr Yj jstac`jij asigrave pujs `a casj nj `a dbua`nan y`a fratjrhdnan jhtrj tmnms `ms sjrjs gulahms y nj` almrgaida `as jspjidjs dhfjrdmrjs jh su `uiga pmr a`iahzar pmrp`jhm njrjigm j` rjdhm gmldha` y `a jqudparaidugraveh imlmhujvms gjrjnjrms nj `a Irjaidugraveh ^mnm j``m lujstra `acmhnan y brahndmsdnan nj` [`ah Ndvdhm prjparanm para

tmnas sus irdaturas a travaumls nj `a brah jy nj Zhdnan qujrdbj j` Zhdvjrsm nmhnj hm sj njsprjida j` jsfujrzm nj `alaacutes ligravehdla nj j``as jh su `uiga pmr a`iahzar su njstdhm`a pjrfjiidugraveh nj` Jspigraverdtu euhtm a Ndms Nj jsta fmrla j`Cdjh acsm`utm sj pujnj njfihdr pmr j` iulp`dldjhtm nj `as

`jyjs hatura`js `as iua`js tmnas j``as hms ``jvah gaida Ndmsldjhtras quj j` la` sjrigravea `a j`jiidugraveh nj tmnm aquj``m qujhms rjtrasj

Cdc`dmbrafigravea

NJAHHJ B a jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldia Cujhms Adrjs 5Fuhnaidugraveh Jspigraverdta Gulahdsta A``ah Oarnji 3gt

WAVDJS FI Jvm`uidugraveh jh nms luhnms _Jh `igravehja5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjs

^mnm jvm`uidmha jh `a Irjaidugraveh tahtm`m pjrtjhjidjhtj a` aacutelcdtm nj `a latjrdaprmvjhdjhtj pmr tahtm nj` [rdhidpdmLatjrda` m F`udnm Iugravesldim Zhdvjrsa`imlm `m pjrtjhjidjhtj a` aacutelcdtmjspdrdtua` prmvjhdjhtj nj` [rdhidpdmDhtj`dbjhtj quj ahdla tmnm `m irjanm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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1gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AY JY[JIDJY NJYNJ J [ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A

JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AYJY[JIDJY NJYNJ J

[ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A

Imljrida` Js ldjlcrm fuhnanmr nj` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta ‐A``ah Oarnjildquo njLaacute`aba njsnj gaij 14 antildems Ga partdidpanm imh a`buhas pmhjhidas jhjvjhtms jspdrdtas Safaj` Ardas

A``ah Oarnji jh J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus hms ndij quj

`ms sjrjs mrbaacutehdims tdjhjh jh sigrave uha fujrza igravehtdla qujprmnuij j` fjhugraveljhm nj `a vdna ldjhtras quj jsa fujrzajxdstj quj `a vdna latjrda` js imlotildeh a tmnms `ms sjrjsmrbaacutehdims y quj j``a js dhnjpjhndjhtj nj `a dhtj`dbjhiday nj` pjhsaldjhtm quj `a dhtj`dbjhida y j` pjhsaldjhtmsmh faiu`tanjs prmpdas nj idjrtas jspjidjs mrbaacutehdias y qujjhtrj `as jspjidjs mrbaacutehdias nmtanas nj dhtj`dbjhida y njpjhsaldjhtm gay uha nmtana nj uh sjhtdnm lmra` jspjida`quj `j na dhimhtjstac`j supjrdmrdnan smcrj `as mtras js `ajspjidj gulaha a prjbuhta gt nj J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus hms ndij5 laquotmnm sj jhianjha jh `a hatura`jza njsnj j`aacutetmlm a` ariaacutehbj` quj a su vjz talcdaumlh imljhzugrave jh j`aacutetmlmiquest

jugraveh Njhds nj mtra fmrla laacutes pmaumltdia hms ndijjh su mcra J` prmc`jla nj` sjr nj` njstdhm y nj` nm`mr5 laquoj`jspigraverdtu nujrlj jh j` ldhjra` sujntildea jh j` vjbjta` sj abdtajh j` ahdla` y njspdjrta jh j` gmlcrjiquest [arjij dhndiarimh jstas afirlaidmhjs quj a`bm nj hmsmtrms pasugrave pmr `msndfjrjhtjs rjdhms nj `a hatura`jza ms sjrjs mrbaacutehdims smh`ms quj tdjhjh jh sigrave uha fujhtj nj aitdvdnan igravehtdla quj `jsna `a vdna Haijh irjijh sj rjprmnuijh y lujrjh Ymh

pmrtanmrjs nj ugraverbahms jspjida`js para `a jejiuidugraveh nj`ms ndfjrjhtjs aitms nj `a vdna ugraverbahms aprmpdanms a `ashjijsdnanjs quj `a imhsjrvaidugraveh prmpda `js dlpmhj Jhjsa i`asj jstaacuteh imlprjhndnms `ms gmlcrjs `ms ahdla`js y`as p`ahtas

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latjrda smh dhnjpjhndjhtjs pujs uh iujrpm pujnj vdvdr sdhdhtj`dbjhida pjrm aumlsta sugrave`m pujnj lahdfjstarsj pmr ljndmnj `ms ugraverbahms latjrda`js y js hjijsarda `a uhdugraveh imh j`

jspigraverdtu para nar dhtj`dbjhida a `a latjr da ahdla`dzanaiquest

ms jspigraverdtus jh su mrdbjh sjrigraveah imlm `ms hdntildemsdbhmrahtjs y sdh jxpjrdjhida anqudrdaumlhnm`a jh `as ndstdhtasjtapas nj `a vdna Ndms hm irjugrave `ms jspigraverdtus cujhms m la`mssdhm sjhid``ms j dbhmrahtjs J` jspigraverdtu hm sj aiujrna nj `asjxdstjhidas prjijnjhtjs a su pjrigravemnm imlm gmlcrj asigraveimlm j` gmlcrj hm sj aiujrna nj` pjrigravemnm quj pasugrave jhj` sjhm nj `a lanrj

Sjdhm ldhjra`

Jstaacute imhstdtudnm nj latjrda dhjrtj hm tdjhj vdta`dnan yjstaacute fmrlanm pmr a abrjbaidugraveh nj latjrda Yu iaraitjrigravestdiacaacutesdia js `a atraiidugraveh pujs jh j` rjdhm ldhjra` j` dhstdhtmy `a latjrda smh hu`ms J` Jspigraverdtu nujrlj jh su prdljrafasj j` prdhidpdm jspdrdtua` jstarigravea dhffiujhidanm pmr `asmrbahdzaidmhjs atugraveldim-lm`jiu`arjs dhvdtahnm a `a uhdugravehIrjarigravea imh sus vdcraidmhjs uh ialpm nj abrjbaidugravehrjffijeanm jh `as fujrzas nj atraiidugraveh y imgjsdugraveh Asigrave `amrbahdzaidugraveh ldhjra` sjrigravea `a imhsjiujhida nj uh pmnjrjh `a dhtdldnan nj sus uhdnanjs atugraveldias para imhnuidrmrnjhanaljhtj j` prmijsm nj abrjbaidugraveh Jh `a dhtdldnannj` ldhjra` j` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj acsmrcjrigravea jxpjrdjhidasy fujra lmstrarigravea pmsdidmhjs rjhmvaacutehnmsj a fih njjejrijr hujvms pmtjhida`js nj mrdjhtaidugraveh imh fujrzasrjimhstrudnas y sdjlprj laacutes imlp`jeas pmr `as vdvjhidasahtjrdmrjs nj dnaumlhtdims fjhugraveljhms Jh jsj dr y vjhdr

nj `a latjrda sj pujnj njidr quj ya jxdstj j` prdhidpdmrjjhiarhatmrdm jh aiidugraveh

Dhtjrljndaidugraveh nj` rjdhm ldhjra` imh j` vjbjta`

Yjbotildeh Jllahuj` j` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj sj jhimhtracajh `ms irdsta`js imlp`jtahnm su fasj nj dhndvdnua`dzaidugravehjh j` `arbuigravesdlm prmijsm nj autmfieaidugraveh jhsayahnm pmim apmim `ms prdljrms lmvdldjhtms dhtjrhms nj mrbahdzaidugravehy irjidldjhtm vm`ulaumltrdim ms vdrus tdjhjh uha jstruiturafmrlana pmr uh aacuteidnm hui`jdim (m ANH m ASH) y prmtjigravehaspmr `m quj hjijsdtah aprmpdarsj nj `ms ljiahdslms nj uhaiauml`u`a aejha para rjprmnuidrsj y vdvdr ms vdrus tdjhjh uhaiaraitjrigravestdia ldhjra` Nj jstj lmnm `a otildehdia jspjidj quj

pujnj irdsta`dzar smh `ms vdrus ya quj sj imlpmhjh nj uhaiaacutepsdnj quj pujnj ``jbar irdsta`dzar sdh lmrdrsj utd`dzahnm`as rjb`as nj `ms ldhjra`js y irjahnm fmrlas bjmlaumltrdias

laquo^mnm sj jhianjha jh `a hatura`jza njsnj j` aacutetmlm a` ariaacutehbj` quj a su vjz talcdaumlh

imljhzugrave jh j` aacutetmlmiquest (A Oarnji)

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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16 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AY JY[JIDJY NJYNJ J [ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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17 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull AZ^MLA^DYLM T [JSDJY[IgraveSD^Z

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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39frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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J` mcejtdvm nj a jvm`uidugraveh a razugraveh nj sjr nj a vdnahm js `a fj`didnan tjrrjstrj imlm luigms jrrugravehjaljhtjirjjh y sigrave j` pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm nj iana uhm nj hmsmtrmsT jsj pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm njcjlms rja`dzar`m pmr ljndmnj` tracaem nj` jsfujrzm nj tmnas `as a`tjrhatdvas nj `aa`jbrigravea y nj` nm`mr gasta quj hms gayalms njsarrm``anmimlp`jtaljhtj y j`jvanm a` jstanm ij`jstj J` nm`mrfigravesdim y lmra` fmrla hujstra jxpjrdjhida a sacdnurigravea jsj` prjldm [mim a pmim j` a`la sj j`jva y imhfmrlj vasucdjhnm jh j``a sj va aiulu`ahnm uha sula sdjlprjirjidjhtj nj sacjr y vdr tun sj sdjhtj laacutes jstrjigaljhtjuhdna a sus sjljeahtjs sj imluhdia laacutes igravehtdlaljhtjimh su ljndm smida` y p`ahjtardm J`jvaacutehnmsj iana vjz laacuteshm tarna jh uhdrsj pmr `azms pueahtjs a as smidjnanjs nj`Jspaidm y njspuaumls a` Yjr Zhdvjrsa`

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY=

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Gay jh hmsmtrms uha smrna aspdraidugraveh uha igravehtdlajhjrbigravea ldstjrdmsa quj hms jhialdha gaida as a`turas qujhms gaij tjhnjr gaida njstdhms iana vjz laacutes j`jvanmsquj hms dlpj`j gaida m Cj``m y gaida j` Cdjh Js a jy nj`prmbrjsm a jvm`uidugraveh jtjrha quj buigravea a `a Gulahdnan a travaumls nj `as jnanjs y abudemhja a iana uhm nj hmsmtrmspmrquj jh `a Gulahdnan smh `as ldslas a`las quj njsdb`m jh sdb`m vuj`vjh para prmsjbudr imh `a ayuna njhujvms iujrpms prjparaacutehnmsj para luhnms ljemrjs jhsu mcra nj pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm

a `jy nj` prmbrjsm hm sj ap`dia sm`aljhtj a`gmlcrj js uhdvjrsa` Gay jh tmnms `ms rjdhms nj `aHatura`jza uha jvm`uidugraveh quj fuj rjimhmidna pmr `mspjhsanmrjs nj tmnms `ms tdjlpms Njsnj `a iauml`u`a vjrnjnjsnj j` jlcrdugraveh jrrahtj cmyahnm a ffimr nj `as abuas`a ianjha nj `as jspjidjs sj ga njsarrm``anm a travaumls njsjrdjs vardanas gasta hmsmtrms

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`a pjrjza nj` njsaacutehdlm rjsiatarsj pmim a pmim nj susffiaqujzas nj su dbhmrahida ayunahnm a sus sjljeahtjs arjsiatarsj a su vjz arrastrahnm tmnm j` ljndm gulahm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

gaida uh jstanm supjrdmr ta` js j` papj` ndstrdcudnm aiana a`la

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36 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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32CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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37 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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343 bull Laacute`abaRjc5 wwwjndtmrajspdrdtaa``ahoarnjijs

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^j`f5 9gt 43 397 67 rsquo +9gt 62 7 32

Luridabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Sjidhtm nj [az Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a [az1 1micro N ([atdntildem) 913 LuridaRjc5 wwwijrjidhtmnjpazjs

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijrjidhtmnjpazKrjidhtmnjpazjs

ldbuj`ldvjbaKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 664 96 14

[mhtjvjnrabull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta [az Arlmhigravea y Iardnan

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Sotildea [jhds 31 - 1micro Niga 9631 bull Vdbm ([MH^JVJNSA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijpazarlmhdalmryiardnanKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 +9gt 61 7gt 136

Yjvd``abull Asmidaidugraveh Ijhtrm nj Jstundms

Jspigraverdtas nj Yjvd``aNdrjiidugraveh5 [rmspjrdnan 9 rdaha gt11 bull Yjvd``a

Rjc5 wwwjspdrdtassjvd``ajsImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 bjhmvjvala``mKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 4gt 379 7 rsquo +9gt 6 gt71 794

bull Brupm Jspigraverdta Hujvm Alahjijr Emahha nj Ahbj`ds

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ndjbm [ujrta 1 Jsi 9gt 2 A gt14 bull Yjvd``aRjc5 wwwhujvmalahjijrjspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtashujvmalahjijrKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 + 9gt 62 44 462 - + 9gt 62 44 46

^arrabmhabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Emahha nj Ahbj`dsNdrjiidugraveh5 [ucd`` Mrdm` 33

gt931 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 422 9gt6 16gt rsquo +9gt 63 gt61 67gt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Lahuj` y Ndva`nmNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Vdjhtm gt93 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)Rjc5 wwwijlyniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ar`dhbbKyagmmjs ^j`f5 +9gt 676 gt4 2gt6

Va`jhida

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Va`jhida Gmbar FratjrhmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Vd``ahujva nj Iastj``ugraveh 33 gt64 bull Va`jhidaRjc5 wwwasjsvamrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 gmbarfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 469 3 46 7

IJH^SMY JY[IgraveSD^AY MHDHJbull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aNdrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat (uhjs Ldaumlrim`js y Eujvjs 33g9)

Rjc5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`jfmhm5 +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas ‐YdhFrmhtjrasldquo

Ndrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat(Nmldhbms 31g)

Rjc5 gttp5ijjsdhfrmhtjrasjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijjsdhfrmhtjrasKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3436

9gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta

Abjhna Irdstdaha - JNDIJD gt ₠

A`cmrana Irdstdaha (Ljndahm) gt ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrDD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

Aacuternua Asijhsdugraveh 13 ₠

Atjhidugraveh (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ialdhm Vjrnan y Vdna - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Iartd``a nj` Cdjh - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Iuahnm Sjbrjsj `a [rdlavjra (Hmrla`) 2 ₠

Iujhtms Jspdrdtdstas 4 ₠

Njsnj a Mtra Vdna gt ₠

Njspdjrtj y Yja Fj`dz - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` A`la js Dhlmrta` 7 ₠

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta 4 ₠

J` Idj`m y j` Dhfijrhm - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Jspigraverdtu nj `a Vjrnan - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` Jvahbj`dm Yjbotildeh j` Jspdrdtdslm -JNDIJD

1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Yjr Yucimhsidjhtj 6 ₠

Jh `m Dhvdsdc`j 7 ₠

Jh `ms Nmldhdms nj `a Ljndulhdnan -JNDIJD

4 ₠

Jhtrj `a djrra y j` Idj`m - JNDIJD 4 ₠Jspdrdtdslm Lmnjrhm OA DJ ODHB - FJJ ₠

Jspdrdtdslm y Jim`mbigravea - JNDIJD 7 ₠

B`msardm Jspigraverdta (Cm`sd``m) 6 ₠

Buigravea [raacuteitdia nj` Jspdrdtdsta - FJJ ₠

Gdphmtdslm y Jspdrdtdslm 7 ₠

Ejsotildes jh j` Gmbar - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Eustdida Ndvdha - JNDIJD 7 ₠

a Baumlhjsds - JNDIJD 1 ₠

a Vdna jh Fald`da gt ₠

dcjraidugraveh - JNDIJD 4 ₠

as Vdnas Yuijsdvas 4 ₠

ms Ljhsaejrms - JNDIJD 7 ₠

ms Lujrtms Ydbujh Vdvdjhnm 6 ₠

Lahms Zhdnas (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljndtaidmhjs (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljlmrdas nj` [anrj Bjrlaacuteh 2 ₠

Ljhsaej nj uh Anm`jsijhtj njsnj j`Luhnm Jspdrdtua` - JNDIJD ₠

Ldsdmhjrms nj `a uz - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Lujrtj js Vdna 6 ₠

Hujstrm Gmbar - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Mcrjrms nj `a Vdna Jtjrha - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[ah Hujstrm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[jhsaldjhtm y Vdna - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Sj`dbdugraveh nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 177 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 174 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Yjntildea` Vjrnj gt ₠

Yjxm y Njstdhm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Ydjlcra nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Yuc`dlj Jxpdaidugraveh - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Vdna Fj`dz - JNDIJD 2 ₠

Lm`njahnm j` ^jrijr Ld`jhdm - Vdna yMcra nj Ndva`nm [ Frahim

1 ₠

Vdna y Yjxm - JNDIJD 6 ₠

T `a Vdna Imhtdhotildeahellip JNDIJD 7 ₠

dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ

Ugraverbahm jndtmrda` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a sdh aacutehdlm nj `uirm quj rjdhvdjrtj jh j` prmpdm

`dcrm jspigraverdta Yj gaijh jhvigravems imhtra rjjlcm`sm Gaba su pjndnm prjfjrdc`jljhtj pmr imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim adhfmKjspdrdtdslmii m pmr tj`aumlfmhm5 636 911 771

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Vdna ahtjs nj `a Vdna

Jhtrjvdsta a Iar`msSmcjrtm Ialpjttd

Jhfjrljnanjs nj` a`la[aacutebdha 1gt

Jvdnjhidas Idjhtigravefiias a favmr nj`a Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna [aacutebdha 3

[`ahjaldjhtm rjjhiarhatmrdm[aacutebdha 13

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐ms Gdems nj` Ayjrldquo

[aacutebdha 37

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 3bull Jndidugraveh Mitucrj 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

1 antildems nj J` `dcrm nj `ms laumlnduls

Jhtrjvdsta a` LaumlndulNdva`nm Frahim

Ljndulhdnan nj jfjitms figravesdims[aacutebdha 1gt

^rahsimluhdiaidugraveh dhstruljhta`[aacutebdha 3

Fmrlaidugraveh nj` Laumlndul[aacutebdha 13

Jspdrdtdslm jh a dtjratura

[aacutebdha 37

frac12Ejsotildes jra laumlndul=[aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 1bull Jndidugraveh Eu`dm 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Jspdrdtdslm imlm fi`msmfigravea nj vdna

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm57bull Jndidugravehacrd`31gtbull [rjidm59

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm52bull JndidugravehMitucrj 319bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

ms Ijhtrms jspdrdtdstas njcjh sjr`a iaacutetjnra nj` Jspigraverdtu nj Vjrnan

QZAuml JY J JY[DSD^DYLM=

DH^SMNZIIDUgraveHA IMHMIDLDJH^M NJ LZHNM DHVDYDCJ

[MS AY LAHDFJY^AIDMHJY NJ MY JY[IgraveSD^ZY

Imhtdjhj j` rjsuljh nj ms prdhidpdms nj a nmitrdha jspdrdtdsta y as rjs-pujstas a as prdhidpa`js mcejidmhjs

pmr

A``ah - Oarnjiautmr nj` dcrm nj ms jspigraverdtus y nj` dcrm nj ms Ljnduls

JNDIDUgraveH JIMHUgraveLDIA

[rjidm 3 rja`js

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh Jspantildea

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm56bull JndidugravehEu`dm319bull[rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5bull JndidugravehLarzm319bull [rjidm59₠

nj a FJJ

Jspdrdtdslm jh j` luhnm[aacutebdha 37

[rjiursmrjs nj` Jspdrdtdslm[aacutebdha 6

Artgur Imhah Nmy`j[aacutebdha 32

Idjhtigravefiims jspigraverdtas nj`sdb`m WDW [aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a rjvj`aidugraveh jspigraverdtay A``ah Oarnji [aacutebdha 17

a SjvujYpdrdtj [aacutebdha 3

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

a Vdna jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

[sdim`mbigravea jh j` laacutes a``aacute[aacutebdha 1gt

Aacutehbj`js BuarndahjsJspigraverdtus [rm-tjitmrjsFald`darjs y Ydlpaacutetdims

[aacutebdha 32[jrdjspigraverdtu

[aacutebdha 33

ms Yujntildems Jspdrdtua`js[aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐HMYYM ASldquo

Jhtrjvdsta aYahtdaba Hmbujrm [aacutebdha 1

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5gtbull JndidugravehYjptdjlcrj 313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

^rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

a vdna jtjrha[aacutebdha 1

^rahsdidugraveh p`ahjtarda[aacutebdha 37

[`ura`dnan nj luhnms gacdtanms[aacutebdha 39

Jvm`uidugraveh gdstugraverdia nj` pjhsaldjh-tm jspdrdtua` [aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Jhtrjvdsta

Cdmbrafigravea

a Larigravea nj `aBraida nj Jh-

njr [aacutebdha 12

aumlmh Njhds[aacutebdha 7

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm59bull JndidugravehLarzm313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

[jtdidugraveh nj hotildeljrms ahtjrdmrjs5

H 1 rsquo 1 Antildems nj` ‐dcrm nj`ms Laumlndulsldquo

H 3 rsquo Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna

H 9 rsquo rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

H gt rsquo a Vdna jh j` luhnmjspdrdtua`

H rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

H 6 rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslmjh Jspantildea

H 2 rsquo J` Ijhtrm Jspdrdta

H 7 rsquo J` Jspdrdtdslm imlmfi`msmfigravea nj vdna

pjndnmsrjvdstafjjKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3636

DHFMSLAIDUgraveH T SJYJSVAY5

YJISJ^ASIgraveA AumlIHDIAMSBAHDUA

IMHFJSJHIDAY

T YJLDHASDMY

bull J` Luhnm Dhvdsdc`j

bull Sjbrjsm a `a vdna jspdrdtua`

bull J` laacutes a``aacute nj` sudidna

bull a lotildesdia jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

jqud`dcrdm para j` a`la

bull Jspigraverdtus y su gdstmrda jh `a gulahd-

nan

bull ^jrapda nj` almr

bull Imluhdiaidugraveh imh `ms jspigraverdtus5

ldtms y vjrnanjs

bull Njsvj`ahnm `m dhvdsdc`j (prujcas idjhtigrave-

fiias fi`msugravefiias j gdstugraverdias)

I d ` n d d dc`

a partdidpaidugraveh a jstj jvjhtm jstaacute acdjrta a tmnas aquj``as pjrsmhas dhtjrjsanas

IMHFJSJHIDAH^JY

Ndva`nm [ Frahim - A`frjnm A`mhsm nj `a Fujhtj - A`frjnm

^acujntildea - Vditmr Suahm - Iar`ms Ialpjttd - Euah Ldbuj`

Fjrhaacutehnjz - Eahaigraveha Ldhj``d - Iarljh Iarnmha - Ldbuj`

Vjra - M`ba Mrtdz

6 2 y 7 Ndidjlcrj 31gt

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 236

3 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull

gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmjs

Laacutes nj 3 `dcrms ndbdta`js

A uh ‐i`dioldquo nj` imhmidldjhtm

Njsiarbuj `dcrmsbratudtaljhtj njsnj

[rugravexdlm hotildeljrm5Ydbujhms jh5

gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiifaijcmmo

gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiitwdtjr

gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiymutucj

Jspjida`dzana jh `a N

dvu`baidugraveh nj `a I

u`tura Jspigraverdta

y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjrai

dugraveh Jspigraverdta J

spantildem`a

1 antildems nj ‐J` Jvahbj`dm sjbotildeh j` Jspdrdtdslmldquo (176gt-31gt)

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta

Hotildeljrm5

bull Jndidugraveh L

arzm319

bull [rjidm

5 9₠

nj `a FJJ

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 336

9 bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJJspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`turaJspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a FjnjraidugravehJspigraverdta Jspantildem`aImmrndhanmr jndidugraveh5 Jstjcah UarabmzaImmrndhaidugraveh artigraveiu`ms5 m`a BariigraveaImmrndhaidugraveh nj` ndsjntildem

j dlprjsdugraveh5 Emaquigraveh GujtjCdmbrafigraveas y jhtrjvdstas5 Euah Ldbuj` Fjrhaacutehnjz LuntildemzLaqujtaidugraveh5 MfiCMMONdstrdcuidugraveh5 I`aunda Cjrharnjs nj Iarva`gmDlprjsdugraveh5 MfiCMMON5 A-gt17-311

Sjvdsta jndtana pmr `a FjnjraidugravehJspigraverdta Jspantildem`aJhtdnan sdh aacutehdlm nj `uirm F-32 nj`Sjbdstrm Haidmha` nj Asmidaidmhjs[ara laymr dhfmrlaidugraveh iartas a`ndrjitmr imlpra nj dcrmsndrdbdrsj a5 Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmjsdhfmKjspdrdtdslmii tj`f +9gt 636 911 771Yusirdpidmhjs5pjndnmsrjvdstafjjKblad`iml

IgraveHNDIJ

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 436

gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull JND^MSDA

laquoIdjrtm nigravea jstahnm Frahidsim nj Asigraves jh pjrjbrdhaidugravehpmr `a idunan nj Buccdm a` hmrtj nj Asigraves supm quj `a pmc`aidugravehnj aquj``a rjbdugraveh jstaca dhtrahqud`a pujs a``igrave vdvigravea jh `as `anjras

nj njtjrldhanms pjntildeasims uh `mcm fjrmz quj ya gacigravea njvmranmluigms ahdla`js j dhi`usm a`buhms hdntildems J` `mcm prmijnigravea nj uhalahana nj `mcms nj `a quj fuj apartanm pmr jhfjrljnan vdvdjhnmjh uha iavjrha quj jhimhtrugrave a`dljhtaacutehnmsj nj `ms ahdla`js qujpmr a``igrave pasacah ataiahnm dbua`ljhtj a sjrjs gulahms njsiudnanms^ahtms fujrmh `ms pjreudidms vjrdfiianms y j` paacutehdim sjlcranm pmr `arjbdugraveh quj `a pmc`aidugraveh fuj a su jhiujhtrm para quj auml` cjhndejsj aaquauml` mcm y rmbasj a Ndms quj m gdidjsj njsaparjijr para quj a pazsj rjstac`jidjsj as lanrjs affidbdnas dlp`mracah a` [anrj Frahidsimquj tuvdjsj pdjnan y `as ayunasj prmljtdaumlhnm`j gaijr iua`qudjrpjhdtjhida njsnj quj sj `dcrasjh nj` pj`dbrmsm ahdla` J` [anrjFrahidsim jsiuigugrave imh paidjhida `a ``alana nj` pujc`m y prmljtdugravegaijr a`buha imsa jh cjhjfiidm nj tmnms [jndrigravea a Ndms para quj j``mcm cusiasj mtrm `ubar quj hm fujsj nmhnj vdvigraveah `ms gulahms T

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fujrzas jh `a gulahdnan tjrrjha= frac12a idjhida mfiida`aijptaraacute a`botildeh nigravea `a jxdstjhida nj` jspigraverdtu imlm fujrzarja` nj` uhdvjrsm= frac12as imhfjsdmhjs rj`dbdmsas aijptaraacuteh `asimhi`usdmhjs nj `a idjhida= Tm irjm quj sigrave y j` Jspdrdtdslmimlm idjhida nj mcsjrvaidugraveh nj jsms fjhugraveljhms qujprjtjhnj sjr y imlm fi`msmfigravea jspdrdtua`dsta quj js acmbapmr j``m [msdc`jljhtj hm `m vjalms jh vdna hdhbuhm nj`ms quj jstalms agmra aquigrave pjrm ``jbaraacute hm `m nunm yimlm jspigraverdtus jtjrhms quj smlms `m vjrjlms

9 a Cdc`da D Imr 15gtgt

gt Jitmp`asla5 hmlcrj imh j` iua` Igar`js Sdigjt njsdbhugrave uha sustahida imrpmra`jxunana pmr `ms laumlnduls nj jfjitms figravesdims jh trahij a travaumls nj `ms pmrms yndvjrsms mrdfiidms nj` iujrpm FALLASDMH I as fujrzas hatura`js njsimhmidnas Carij`mha 5 Lauiid147=6 Vaumlasj5 ms arigdvms nj ^B Gald`tmh _Jh `igravehja 0gttp5survdva`aftjrnjatgc`mbspmtimljs3112`ms-arigdvms-t-b-gald`tmhgtl`8

Njcjlms aijptar quj smh nms fujrzas nj`uhdvjrsm quj sj mpmhjh y quj sj uhjh a`ldslm tdjlpm sj dhffiujhidah y tracaeah uhasmcrj `a mtra y quj vah sdjlprj uhdnas a` sjr`as nms mrdbdhardas nj uha ldsla fujhtj Ndms

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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4BAumlHJYDY [AHJ^ASDM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

BAumlHJYDY

[AHJ^ASDM

Ga jstundanm Idjhidas Figravesdias jh Crasd` Yj njndia dhtjhsaljhtj a`a ndvu`baidugraveh nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh ljndms jsirdtms randm j DhtjrhjtFmrla partj nj `a Imldsdugraveh nj Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Nmitrdha Jspigraverdtanj `a Fjj

I`aacuteunda Cjrharnjs

nj Iarva`gm

a bjm`mbigravea js uha nj `as idjhidas hatura`jsfuhnaljhta`js a`bm laacutes njsimhmidna quj sus gjrlahaslaymrjs5 `a astrmhmligravea `a figravesdia `a quigraveldia y `a cdm`mbigravea Jh `acata``a nj `as dnjas iuahnm qujrjlms rjspujstas aijria nj`a urahmbrafigravea nj `a ^djrra jstundalms nj fmrla rdburmsa `aimlpmsdidugraveh `a jstruitura dhtjrha `ms prmijsms jvm`utdvms`as prmpdjnanjs figravesdias ndhaacuteldia j gdstmrda nj `ms latjrda`js

tjrrjstrjs Jstms ahaacute`dsds imhtrdcuyjh a` jhtjhndldjhtm nj `afmrlaidugraveh nj `a imr tjza tjrrjstrj

frac12Quauml pmnjlms sacjr njhtrm nj `ms imhijptmsjpdstaumlldims nj `a vjrnan rja`dnan y mcejtdvdnan nj `a baumlhjsdsp`ahjtarda= Luigas smh `as gdpugravetjsds idjhtigravefiias sdh jlcarbm`a Imndfiiaidugraveh Jspigraverdta hms jhsjntildea quj hujstrm mrcj asigraveimlm `ms njlaacutes p`ahjtas quj ffiuitotildeah jh j` jspaidm smhlasas quj sdrvjh nj ndfjrjhtjs lahjras a `ms jspigraverdtusA`buhms nj j``ms sj jhiujhtrah jh jstandms dhdida`js mtrms yaa`cjrbah a jspigraverdtus ldjhtras mtrms tahtms jstaacuteh jh prmijsmnj jxtdhidugraveh

ms jspigraverdtus quj ya a`iahzarmh j` branm nj purjza

smh `ms arqudtjitms jstj`arjs quj sdjlprj mcjnjijh a`jyjs jtjrhas y tdjhjh imlm tarja im`acmrar imh Ndms jh`a fmrlaidugraveh nj `ms luhnms utd`dzahnm y tracaeahnm `asjhjrbigraveas jh `a brah sdhfmhigravea nj `a jvm`uidugraveh Jh su mrdbjh jsmsc`mqujs njfmrljs nj lasas im`msa`js smh lahdpu`anms pmrjsms prmyjitdstas jh j` `acmratmrdm uhdvjrsa` trahsfmrlahnm`a latjrda dlpmhnjrac`j jh pmhnjrac`j J``ms `m gaijhrjtdrahnm nj` a`laiaumlh uhdvjrsa` `ms rjiursms jhjrbaumltdimspara ta` fih

frac12Quauml pmnjr js jstj quj imlpmrta talantildea fujrzaiapaz nj njsp`azar miaumlahms y jrdbdr lmhtantildeas= frac12Iuaacutehtasimhlmidmhjs vdm`jhtas fujrmh hjijsardas para quj j` p`ahjtajstuvdjra jh as ljemrjs imhndidmhjs para a`cjrbar a` jspigraverdtujh jvm`uidugraveh= Luigms ndraacuteh quj jsa fujrza js `a Hatura`jzasdh jlcarbm smh `ms jspigraverdtus purms qudjhjs immrndhah jsmsprmijsms y fujrzas caem jstrditms imlahnms y imhndidmhah

`ms dhhuljrac`js p`ahjtas para aimbjr jspigraverdtus jhiarhanms mnjsjhiarhanms Jh hujstrm iasm njspuaumls nj `a ab`mljraidugravehffiuigravendia j` mrcj tjrrjhm tmnavigravea hm jstaacute prjparanm paraa`cjrbar `a vdna ta` imlm `a imhmijlms

[ara njtjrldhar uha uhdnan bjmirmhm`ugravebdia nj `a^djrra y mctjhjr uha hmidugraveh rj`atdva a su fmrlaidugraveh sjrja`dza uha jstdlaidugraveh a travaumls nj uha dhspjiidugraveh nj sus

jxtraitms jxaldhahnm `ms njpugravesdtms suijsdvms supjrpujstmsAha`dzahnm jsms pjrigravemnms bjm`ugravebdims mcsjrvalms quj`a ^djrra ga pasanm pmr vardas fasjs jh su fmrlaidugraveh Jsasfasjs m trahsfmrlaidmhjs fujrmh sjiu`arjs pmr `m tahtm

trasiurrdjrmh imh `jhtdtun `m quj ``jvugrave a quj `ms j`jljhtmsquj imhstdtuyjh j` b`mcm sj jqud`dcrasjh pau`atdhaljhtja`iahzahnm `a pmsdidugraveh njsjana jxijptuahnm j` pjrigravemnmnd`uvdahm nmhnj j` ialcdm fuj laacutes sotildecdtm A` jxaldhar `asiapas bjm`ugravebdias sj pujnj afirlar nj lahjra luy ijriahaa `a rja`dnan sd jstas zmhas jstacah miupanas pmr lar `abmscmsqujs p`ahdidjs m pmc`anms pmr ahdla`js tjrrjstrjs [mrimhsdbudjhtj ms jxtraitms supjrpujstms dhndiah uha prujcadhj`undc`j nj sd `a zmha smpmr tugrave m hm vdna prdldtdva

Vjalms imh laacutes njtjhdldjhtm sjbotildeh a Baumlhjsds dcrm nj`a Imndfiiaidugraveh Jspigraver dta nms fujrmh as iausas quj favmrjidjrmh`ms ialcdms jh `a fmrlaidugraveh nj `a ^djrra5 j` fujbm y j` abuaJ` prdljrm a travaumls nj` guhndldjhtm nj `ms suj`ms pmr `afujrza nj` fujbm jh `as jrupidmhjs vm`iaacutehdias quj jlpuearmhj` abua a zmhas dhfjrdmrjs A imhtdhuaidugraveh `a sjbuhna iausa j`abua aituugrave imh drrupidmhjs njscmrnaldjhtms dhuhnaidmhjsy aiulu`aidmhjs nj tdjrras jh `as njsjlcmianuras nj `msrigravems jxpu`sahnm `a lar y irjahnm hujvms tjrrdtmrdms

Jh j` jstanm prdldtdvm nj` b`mcm `ms aigataldjhtmsnj `ms pm`ms nj `a ^djrra smh dhndidms nj quj jh sus dhdidmsjstuvm jh jstanm ffiuigravendim jstanm quj punm njcjrsj a quj `alatjrda a` prdhidpdm jstuvdjra `diuana pmr `a aiidugraveh nj` fujbmm nd`udna pmr j` abua J` ia`mr jh j` dhtjrdmr nj `a ^djrra `asfujhtjs tjrla`js fujbms lasas fuhndnas jsiupdnas pmr `ms

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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1 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull BAumlHJYDY [AHJ^ASDM

vm`iahjs `as brdjtas fmrlanas pmr `ms tjlc`mrjs nj tdjrrashm njeah nuna nj su dhtjrdmr igravebhjm nj jsj lmnm rjsu`ta`ugravebdim quj su jstanm pastmsm mrdbdhardm njcj gacjr tjhdnmimlm iausa prdlmrnda` j` ia`mr y hm j` abua [mr `m tahtmjh su mrdbjh `a ^djrra fuj uha lasa dhiahnjsijhtj quj aimhsjiujhida nj a randaidugraveh ia`ugraverdia sj jhfrdugrave nj fujra gaidanjhtrm fmrlahnm uha imrtjza jh su supjrfiidj ldjhtras sudhtjrdmr pjrlahjij ffiudnm

^mnm jh j` prdhidpdm js imhfusdugraveh jh uha aparjhtjsdtuaidugraveh iaugravetdia nmhnj `as jhjrbigraveas sj jhfrigraveah luy`jhtaljhtj Njsnj `a fmrlaidugraveh tjrrjha `ms aacutetmlms smh`ms ldslms hd uhm laacutes hd uhm ljhms pjrm a imhsjiujhida

nj` jhfrdaldjhtm sj fmrlarmh hujvas imlcdhaidmhjs ^mnmsaquj``ms j`jljhtms susijptdc`js nj vm`atd`dzarsj pasarmha jstanm basjmsm a njhsdnan nj tmnms jsms basjs jhsuspjhsdugraveh imhfjrigravea uha mpaidnan ta` quj hm pjhjtraca `a`uz nj` sm` sdjhnm dhiapaz nj mfrjijr ialpm faumlrtd` a `a vdna

J` prdljr jfjitm nj` jhfrdaldjhtm y prmnuitm ndrjitmnj `a sm`dndfiiaidugraveh nj `a supjrfiidj jxtjrdmr quj iaraitjrdzaj` pjrigravemnm prdlardm fuj `a fmrlaidugraveh nj` brahdtm Jsaimhnjhsaidugraveh nj `ms ljta`js fmrlugrave `a imstra sm`dndfiiananj` b`mcm quj iucrj partj nj `a supjrfiidj p`ahjtarda y jsimhsdnjrana j` jsquj`jtm tjrrjhm

J` sjbuhnm jfjitm fuj `a `diujfaiidugraveh nj `ms vapmrjs quj

sj prjidpdtarmh smcrj j` suj`m Yj prmnuejrmh `uvdas nj ljta`jsquj iausarmh fisuras vjtas y fi`mhjs jh j` brahdtm iausahnmnjsimlpmsdidmhjs suijsdvas Idi`ms dhdhtjrrulpdnms njprjidpdtaidmhjs y jvapmraidmhjs prmpdidarmh `a caeana nj `a

tjlpjratura Ahaacuterqudia ljzi`a nj j`jljhtms iaraitjr dzugravejsj pjrigravemnm prdlardm nmhnj imlm ya sj jxp`diugrave hdhbotildeh sjrvdvm punm jxdstdr

Jh j` pjrigravemnm nj trahsdidugraveh j` pjqujntildem jspjsmr nj`a imrtjza brahigravetdia prmpmridmhaca uha naumlcd` rjsdstjhidaAcuhnahtjs nd`ataidmhjs y njsp`azaldjhtms pjrldtdjrmhquj `a `ava dhtjrdmr sj trahscmrnara J` adrj fuj `dcjrahnm`as latjrdas laacutes pjsanas pmr prjidpdtaidugraveh sdjhnm aumlstas

arrastranas y ndsuj`tas jh j` abua quj pmsjigravea pmiaprmfuhndnan y iucrigravea iasd tmna `a supjrfiidj

Jh jsj tdjlpm `ms jhtjs cdm`ugravebdims tmnavigravea hm jxdstigraveah

nj lmnm quj aumlstms gah tjhdnm aquigrave uh imldjhzm ms sjrjsvdvms jstaacuteh suejtms a dhhuljrac`js vdidsdtunjs uha irjaidugravehjhtjra pmnrigravea qujnar imlprmljtdna nurahtj su jvm`uidugravehpmr iua`qudjr faitmr anvjrsm `m quj rjfujrza `a prjvdsdugraveh njNdms y sus arqudtjitms a` irjar rjspjtahnm j` prmijsm njjvm`uidugraveh hatura` `a p`ura`dnan nj `ms faitmrjs cdugravetdims

ms iatai`dslms tuvdjrmh `ubar njsnj j` mrdbjh nj `a^djrra lmndfiiahnm `as imhndidmhjs para `a imhsjrvaidugravehnj `a vdna j gdidjrmh njsaparjijr bjhjraidmhjs jhtjras njsjrjs vdvms Js luy dlpmr tahtj tjhjr jh iujhta quj njhtrmnj jstms idi`ms pjrdugravendims jxdstjh sucpjrigravemnms hm mcstahtj`as jras hmrla`ljhtj jstundanas smh `as quj prjsjhtah uha

a`tjraidugraveh laacutes njstaiac`jJh jsj pjrigravemnm imljhzarmh a fmrlarsj `ms jxtraitms

nj tjrrjhms sjndljhtardms pmr j` arrastrj nj `as abuasiarbanas nj `dlm y latjrda`js ndvjrsms anjiuanms a `a vdnamrbaacutehdia Aparjidjrmh `ms prdljrms sjrjs vdvms nj` rjdhmvjbjta` nj mrbahdzaidugraveh rundljhtarda `ms `igravequjhjs lusbmssjtas gj`jigms y p`ahtas gjrcaacuteijas a `a par quj `ms ahdla`jsnj mrbahdzaidugraveh pmim imlp`jea Jstms sjrjs jxi`usdvaljhtjlardhms smh imhmidnms imlm zmugravefitms randanms pm`igravepjrmslaacutes tarnj aparjidjrmh `ms irustaacuteijms y `ms pjijs

J` bas iarcugravehdim njcdnm a su brah iahtdnan fuj uha nj`as otilde`tdlas sustahidas quj j` adrj purdfiiugrave Jsj bas asmidanm

imh `a aiidugraveh nj` ia`mr y `a guljnan prmpdidugrave j` alcdjhtjdnugravehjm a` surbdldjhtm nj `as p`ahtas iucrdjhnm raacutepdnaljhtj`a supjrfiidj imh vjbjtaidugraveh acuhnahtj y jxucjrahtj a`

tdjlpm quj `as p`ahtas aiuaacutetdias talcdaumlh sj lu`tdp`diarmhA imhsjiujhida nj` njsp`azaldjhtm nj` abua quj sjbuigraveasu idi`m hatura` `ms tjrrjhms fujrmh dhuhnanms y iucdjrtmspmr sjndljhtms nj ta` lmnm quj vardas bjhjraidmhjsa`tjrhanaljhtj jstuvdjrmh smljtdnas a sjquigravea y rjpmc`aidugravehahdqud`anms y rjhmvanms nj fmrla iigravei`dia

Jh j` pjrigravemnm sjiuhnardm `a vjbjtaidugraveh im`msa` y `msahdla`js njsaparjijh njcdnm a `ms iatai`dslms y a` ialcdmnj imhndidmhjs atlmsfaumlrdias iaraitjrdzanms pmr brahnjs

`jvahtaldjhtms y jrupidmhjs vm`iaacutehdias Jh jsa aumlpmia `avjbjtaidugraveh irjij njspaidm pmr `a ndsldhuidugraveh nj` ia`mry `a guljnan ms ahdla`js smh tmnavigravea aiuaacutetdims surbjh

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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11BAumlHJYDY [AHJ^ASDM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

`ms ahficdms y sj njstaia jh jsa jra `a apardidugraveh nj brahnjsrjptd`js Jh jsj pjrigravemnm `a vdna ahdla` a`iahzugrave uh jhmrljnjsarrm``m imlm gacigravea miurrdnm imh `a vjbjtaidugraveh jh j`pjrigravemnm ahtjrdmr J` adrj laacutes purdfiianm pjrldtdugrave quj `msahdla`js vdvdjsjh smcrj `a ^djrra Njsaparjijh `ms ahdla`jsaiuaacutetdims bdbahtjsims sustdtudnms pmr ahdla`js ahaacute`mbms pjrmlaacutes prmpmridmhanms y nj talantildem laacutes rjnuidnm

Jh j` pjrigravemnm tjridardm j` jstanm alcdjhta` ialcdahujvaljhtj prmpdidahnm imhndidmhjs nj vdta`dnan quj sjaprmxdlah a` jstanm aitua` aparjidjhnm hujvas jspjidjs imhmrbahdzaidugraveh laacutes pjrfjita y quj sj anaptah a `a hatura`jzanj` ljndm nmhnj smh ``alanms a vdvdr Agmra `a jhvm`tura

nj `a imstra tjrrjstrj tdjhj laymr jspjsmr prmpmridmhahnmuha imhsdnjrac`j rjsdstjhida a `a aiidugraveh nj` fujbm dhtjrdmrNj fmrla hm sdlu`taacutehja sj fmrlarmh `ms pdims y ianjhasnj lmhtantildeas `m quj miasdmhugrave quj `a supjrfiidj nj` suj`m sjvm`vdjra njsdbua` y quj `as abuas fujrah jlpueanas a zmhasdhfjrdmrjs trahsfmrlahnm j` aspjitm nj` b`mcm

J` pjrigravemnm nd`uvdahm jstaacute larianm pmr j` laymriatai`dslm nj` p`ahjta pmr tmnas partjs qujnah sjntildea`jsnj ta`js imhvu`sdmhjs as abuas dhvandjrmh `ms imhtdhjhtjslmndfiiahnm randia`ljhtj j` pahmrala gasta jhtmhijsjxdstjhtj y `ms pm`ms imljhzarmh a iucrdrsj nj gdj`mfmrlahnm `ms b`aidarjs `m iua` apuhta a quj gucm uhsdbhdfiiatdvm ialcdm nj tjlpjratura b`mca` ^mnms `msga``azbms idjhtigravefiims ``jvah a pjhsar quj jsj ialcdm fujcrusim

Zha vjz rjstac`jidnm j` jqud`dcrdm `ms ahdla`js y `msvjbjta`js rjtmlarmh su iursm jvm`utdvm Zha atlugravesfjra laacutes`dlpda nj basjs pjrldtdugrave quj `ms rayms nj` Ym` `a atravjsasjhJ` suj`m lmstrugrave hujvaljhtj uhas imhndidmhjs favmrac js yjstac`js a` njsarrm``m nj a vdna mrbahdzana smcrj a supjrfiidja ^djrra sj pmc`aca imh ahdla`js laacutes smidac`js y ljhmsfjrmijs `ms vjbjta`js prmpdidacah uha a`dljhtaidugraveh laacutessuavj y `dbjra Fuj sm`aljhtj jhtmhijs iuahnm tmnms `msfaitmrjs alcdjhta`js rjsu`tarmh anjiuanms para `a apardidugravehnj` gmlcrj smcrj j` mrcj

Hm gacigravea imhndidmhjs nj vdta`dnan para j` gmlcrj jh`ms pjrigravemnms ahtjrdmrjs sdh jlcarbm gay njsiucrdldjhtmsrjidjhtjs quj parjijh imhfirlar quj a`botildeh jspaumlidljh

jxdstigravea ahtjs nj` pjrigravemnm nd`uvdahm pjrm `m idjrtm js qujsu prm`dfjraidugraveh smcrj `a ^djrra imljhzugrave a jscmzarsj imhalp`dtun jh j` pjrigravemnm pmsnd`uvdahm Jh a Baumlhjsds sj pujnjjhimhtrar5 laquoJsj pjrigravemnm (pmsnd`uvdahm) pujnj iaraitjrdzarsjpmr `a prjsjhida nj` gmlcrj jh `a ^djrraiquest Yubjrdlms `a`jitura nj` iapigravetu`m W nj` ldslm `dcrm nmhnj sj jxp`dia `afmrlaidugraveh dhdida` nj `ms sjrjs vdvms bjhjraidugraveh jspmhtaacutehjajsia`a nj `ms sjrjs mrbaacutehdims y j` gmlcrj imrpmra`

Ld``arjs nj antildems smh dlprjsidhndc`js para quj ianafasj pjrsdba su jstacd`dnan smh hjijsardas rjvm`uidmhjsbjhjra`js y parida`js nj` b`mcm para a`iahzar j` aspjitmaitua` prmpdidahnm nj jsj lmnm `ms alcdjhtjs rjqujrdnms a

`a jvm`uidugraveh nj `a vdna mnms `ms pjrigravemnms fujrmh hjijsardmspara quj `ms sjrjs vdvms jvm`uidmhasjh sdjhnm j` sjr gulahmj` aacutepdij nj jsj njsarrm``m

a ^djrra fuj prjparana para quj j` gmlcrj tuvdjra`as ljemrjs imhndidmhjs nj supjrvdvjhida iuahnm ``jbara j`lmljhtm nj miupar tjlpmra`ljhtj jstj p`ahjta para a

travaumls nj `a jhiarhaidugraveh jejrijr sus faiu`tanjs nj jspigraverdtudhlmrta` Iuahnm vuj`va a` luhnm jspdrdtua` nj nmhnj jsmrdbdhardm j` jspigraverdtu pmnraacute miupar nj aiujrnm a su hdvj`jvm`utdvm mtrms luhnms talcdaumlh prjparanms para sunjsarrm``m nmhnj sjbudraacute su fmrlaidugraveh

Ld``arjs nj antildems smh dlprjsidhndc`js paraquj iana fasj pjrsdba su jstacd`dnan smhhjijsardas rjvm`uidmhjs bjhjra`js y parida`jsnj` b`mcm para a`iahzar j` aspjitm aitua`prmpdidahnm nj jsj lmnm `ms alcdjhtjsrjqujrdnms a `a jvm`uidugraveh nj `a vdna

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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13 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull A JVMZIDMH AHIgraveLDIA

A JVMZIDMH AHIgraveLDIA

Dhbjhdjrm Dhnustrda` Ndvu`banmr jspigraverdta y rjnaitmr nj` pjrdugravendim J` Aacutehbj`nj` Cdjh puc`dianm pmr j` I J ‐Jhtrj j` Idj`m y a djrraldquo nj Yah Lartigravehnj Va`njdb`jsdas (Lanrdn)

Emsauml Dbhaidm Lmnaldm

Hana pjrlahjij jstaidmhardm jh `a Hatura`jza tmnm jvm`uidmha jh iulp`dldjhtm nj `a jy nj [rmbrjsma travaumls nj `a rjjhiarhaidugraveh y nj `ms ljiahdslms njanaptaidugraveh y gjrjhida Jh iana jhiarhaidugraveh dhtjbralms`a gjrjhida figravesdim-dhstdhtdva nj hujstrms panrjs imh `agjrjhida nj hujstras imhqudstas fisdmpsdimsmlaacutetdias njjxdstjhidas pasanas dhtjbranas jh hujstrm pjrdjspigraverdtupjrldtdaumlhnmhms njsarrm``ar hujvas iapaidnanjs yiaraitjrigravestdias dha`iahzac`js gasta jsj lmljhtm

a jxpjrdjhida jh tmnas `as jtapas nj `a jvm`uidugraveh

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Bacrdj` Nj`ahhj jh su `dcrm a jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldia hmsndij5 laquo mnms ms ialcdms quj sj mcsjrvah jh a Hatura`jzahm tdjhjh sdhm uh mcejtm5 j` prmbrjsm nj` Jspigraverdtuiquest J`jstundm nj a jy nj [rmbrjsm hms pjrldtj imhi`udr quj hanamiurrj jh `a Hatura`jza pmr iasua`dnan Iana anaptaidugravehsj prmyjita jh j` p`ahm jxtra-figravesdim para iulp`drsj jh j`p`ahm figravesdim jh iulp`dldjhtm nj `a jy Hatura` para j` cdjh

nj tmnas `as irdaturas jh vdrtun nj `a brah jy nj Zhdnanquj rdbj `a Irjaidugraveh^mnm jvm`uidmha jh `a Irjaidugraveh tahtm `m

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ndfijrjh jh jsjhida sdhm jh branm nj lahdfjstaidugraveh y jstmjs prjidsaljhtj `m quj jvdnjhidah idjrtas faiu`tanjs nj`ms ahdla`js ta`js imlm `a atjhidugraveh j` eudidm j` raidmidhdm`a asmidaidugraveh nj dnjas `a ljlmrda y `a dlabdhaidugravehiquest (paacuteb4) Anjlaacutes njlujstra talcdaumlh laquoquj `ms sjhtdldjhtmslmra`js ta`js imlm j` rjlmrndldjhtm j` sjhtdnm lmra``a hmidugraveh nj `m eustm y nj `m dheustm jtiaumltjra sj ga``ah jhbjrljh jh tmnms `ms ahdla`jsiquest (paacuteb 2)

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huhia sj jqudvmiah pjrm imh j` njsarrm``m nj `adhtj`dbjhida njrdvah imlotildehljhtj a` prdhidpdm jh pasdmhjsa travaumls nj` acusm pmr jbmigraveslm imhsjiujhida nj` dhstdhtmnj imhsjrvaidugraveh Vah ijndjhnm su dhffiujhida imhfmrljsj njsarrm``ah `ms sjhtdldjhtms y pmr j``m `a hatura`jzadlprdlj ya jh j` ahdla` j` sjhtdldjhtm nj` almr caemsus fmrlas laacutes guld`njs y rundljhtardas a travaumls nj `alatjrhdnan

Jh hujstrm jstanm aitua` jvm`utdvm tmnavigravea hm

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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19A JVMZIDMH AHIgraveLDIA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

hms pjrldtdraacute aprmxdlarhms a` imhmidldjhtm nj `as jtapasahtjrdmrjs y pmstjrdmrjs a su fmrlaidugraveh Imlprjhnjlmsquj j` [rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj jvm`uidmha a travaumls nj `msprdljrms trjs rjdhms imhstdtuyjhnm jh j` pjrdjspigraverdtu miujrpm jspdrdtua` tmnms `ms prmijsms hjijsardms para `avdna mrbaacutehdia `ms dhstdhtms y fiha`ljhtj `a vdna dhtj`jitua`imhsidjhtj J` pjrdjspigraverdtu lmnj`a j` iujrpm figravesdim y js j`vjgigraveiu`m nj trahsldsdugraveh nj `ms avahijs mctjhdnms a travaumlsnj as suijsdvas rjjhiarhaidmhjs nj` a`la pmr ms ndfjrjhtjsrjdhms jh uh prmijsm nj dhndvdnua`dzaidugraveh prmbrjsdva

pmr j` iua` sj vuj`vj dhndvdsdc`j gasta a`iahzar j` rjdhmgmldha` rjidcdjhnm `a igdspa ndvdha m [rdhidpdm Ndvdhm (vjriapigravetu`m DDD nj Jvm`uidugraveh jh nms luhnms nj Igdim Wavdjr)jlpjzahnm uha hujva jtapa nmhnj sjraacute rjspmhsac`j njsus aiidmhjs imlm imhsjiujhida nj `a anqudsdidugraveh nj` `dcrja`cjnrigravem j` sjhtdnm lmra` `a imhidjhida nj sigrave ldslm y njsu pasanm jh cusia nj `as faiu`tanjs jspdrdtua`js quj `jgacd`dtjh para `a imhqudsta nj` prugravexdlm rjdhm j` ahbauml`dim

ms jspigraverdtus smh irjanms sdlp`js j dbhmrahtjs `mquj sdbhdfiia quj a` prdhidpdm tmnms smlms iarjhtjs njimhmidldjhtms y tjhjlms dnaumlhtdia aptdtun para prmbrjsarljndahtj hujstra aitdvdnan dhndvdnua` Hm rjidcdlms pmr

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tmnas sus irdaturas a travaumls nj `a brah jy nj Zhdnan qujrdbj j` Zhdvjrsm nmhnj hm sj njsprjida j` jsfujrzm nj `alaacutes ligravehdla nj j``as jh su `uiga pmr a`iahzar su njstdhm`a pjrfjiidugraveh nj` Jspigraverdtu euhtm a Ndms Nj jsta fmrla j`Cdjh acsm`utm sj pujnj njfihdr pmr j` iulp`dldjhtm nj `as

`jyjs hatura`js `as iua`js tmnas j``as hms ``jvah gaida Ndmsldjhtras quj j` la` sjrigravea `a j`jiidugraveh nj tmnm aquj``m qujhms rjtrasj

Cdc`dmbrafigravea

NJAHHJ B a jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldia Cujhms Adrjs 5Fuhnaidugraveh Jspigraverdta Gulahdsta A``ah Oarnji 3gt

WAVDJS FI Jvm`uidugraveh jh nms luhnms _Jh `igravehja5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjs

^mnm jvm`uidmha jh `a Irjaidugraveh tahtm`m pjrtjhjidjhtj a` aacutelcdtm nj `a latjrdaprmvjhdjhtj pmr tahtm nj` [rdhidpdmLatjrda` m F`udnm Iugravesldim Zhdvjrsa`imlm `m pjrtjhjidjhtj a` aacutelcdtmjspdrdtua` prmvjhdjhtj nj` [rdhidpdmDhtj`dbjhtj quj ahdla tmnm `m irjanm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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1gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AY JY[JIDJY NJYNJ J [ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A

JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AYJY[JIDJY NJYNJ J

[ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A

Imljrida` Js ldjlcrm fuhnanmr nj` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta ‐A``ah Oarnjildquo njLaacute`aba njsnj gaij 14 antildems Ga partdidpanm imh a`buhas pmhjhidas jhjvjhtms jspdrdtas Safaj` Ardas

A``ah Oarnji jh J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus hms ndij quj

`ms sjrjs mrbaacutehdims tdjhjh jh sigrave uha fujrza igravehtdla qujprmnuij j` fjhugraveljhm nj `a vdna ldjhtras quj jsa fujrzajxdstj quj `a vdna latjrda` js imlotildeh a tmnms `ms sjrjsmrbaacutehdims y quj j``a js dhnjpjhndjhtj nj `a dhtj`dbjhiday nj` pjhsaldjhtm quj `a dhtj`dbjhida y j` pjhsaldjhtmsmh faiu`tanjs prmpdas nj idjrtas jspjidjs mrbaacutehdias y qujjhtrj `as jspjidjs mrbaacutehdias nmtanas nj dhtj`dbjhida y njpjhsaldjhtm gay uha nmtana nj uh sjhtdnm lmra` jspjida`quj `j na dhimhtjstac`j supjrdmrdnan smcrj `as mtras js `ajspjidj gulaha a prjbuhta gt nj J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus hms ndij5 laquotmnm sj jhianjha jh `a hatura`jza njsnj j`aacutetmlm a` ariaacutehbj` quj a su vjz talcdaumlh imljhzugrave jh j`aacutetmlmiquest

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jspigraverdtu para nar dhtj`dbjhida a `a latjr da ahdla`dzanaiquest

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nj `a latjrda sj pujnj njidr quj ya jxdstj j` prdhidpdmrjjhiarhatmrdm jh aiidugraveh

Dhtjrljndaidugraveh nj` rjdhm ldhjra` imh j` vjbjta`

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laquo^mnm sj jhianjha jh `a hatura`jza njsnj j` aacutetmlm a` ariaacutehbj` quj a su vjz talcdaumlh

imljhzugrave jh j` aacutetmlmiquest (A Oarnji)

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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1JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AY JY[JIDJY NJYNJ J [ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

Bacrdj` Nj`ahhj jh `a mcra a jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldia hmsdhfmrla aijria nj quj j` irdsta` js iasd uh sjr vdvdjhtjHatura`ljhtj hm sj hms miurrj pjhsar jh uha dhtj`dbjhidaprmpda nj a latjrda auhquj j` idjhtigravefiim Ejah Jld`j Igarmhndem quj j` imlpmr taldjhtm nj `as par tigraveiu`as dhtjratugraveldiasrjvj`a vdna dhidpdjhtj Nj `m quj pundlms aprjhnjr imh

`ms idtanms autmrjs sj pmnrigravea njnuidr quj j` prdhidpdmdhtj`dbjhtj sj jejridta jh j` rjdhm ldhjra` jxpjrdljhtahnmjxaitaljhtj iaraitjrigravestdias imlm `a imlcdhaidugraveh quigraveldianj `ms j`jljhtms caacutesdims `a jstruitura irdsta`dha jh qujjsa imlcdhaidugraveh js anqudrdna y `as trahsfmrlaidmhjs quj `ahatura`jza y j` gmlcrj jejrijh smcrj jsj rjsu`tanm Jstarigraveanj jsa fmrla prjparaacutehnmsj para imhtdhuar su emrhana jhj` rjdhm vjbjta` tjrrjstrj

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Sjdhm vjbjta`

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iacm idjrtms prmijsms quj `js pjrldtjh mctjhjr mxigravebjhmy hutrdjhtjs j`dldhar sustahidas m rj`aidmharsj imh sualcdjhtj as p`ahtas dbua` quj ms ahdla`js tdjhjh ugraverbahmsquj iulp`jh jsas fuhidmhjs J` prdhidpdm jspdrdtua` pasajhtmhijs a vdvjhidar `as jxpjrdjhidas jh `ms vjbjta`js laacutesimlp`jems ljemr jstruituranms Agigrave tjhnraacute quj anqudrdr`a iapaidnan nj rjaiidmhar ahtj iua`qudjr ialcdm jxtjrdmry pmstjrdmrljhtj `a faiu`tan nj sjhtdr iaptar y rjbdstrar`as a`tjraidmhjs nj` ljndm quj `j rmnja imhqudstas nj`prdhidpdm jspdrdtua` jh su rjimrrdnm pmr j` rjdhm vjbjta`Njspuaumls nj dnjhtdfiiarsj imh `ms vdrus imhtdhuaraacute jh `ascaitjrdas rundljhtardas `as a`bas uhdij`u`arjs y `as a`basp`urdij`u`arjs

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16 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AY JY[JIDJY NJYNJ J [ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A

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12AZ^MLA^DYLM T [JSDJY[IgraveSD^Z bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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17 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull AZ^MLA^DYLM T [JSDJY[IgraveSD^Z

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14AZ^MLA^DYLM T [JSDJY[IgraveSD^Z bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

Js njidr quj j` sjr gulahm pmr su pjrdjspigraverdtu jspmsjjnmr pmr asigrave njidr`m nj uha ‐ljlmrda cdm`ugravebdialdquo(ahatugraveldia y fisdm`ugravebdia) quj sj ga dnm imhstruyjhnmpaidjhtjljhtj jh tmna `a asijhsdugraveh nj` prdhidpdm jspd-rdtua` pmr `a jsia`a zmm`ugravebdia nj `a vdna mrbaacutehdia jh `aquj jh jsa jstruitura jxtrafigravesdia dhnjfihdna rundljhtarday almrfa jh `ms sjrjs dhdida`js y quj jh j` sjr gulahmsj imhsm`dna imlm j` pjrdjspigraverdtu sj gah fieanm tmnms`ms rjiursms cjhjfiidms ljiahdslms y `jyjs nj jsa vdnamrbaacutehdia nj supjrvdvjhida y nj anaptaidugraveh y quj gmy sj

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`m gj hmlcranm imlm jspigraverdtu (imh ldhotildesiu`a) m prdh-

idpdm dhtj`dbjhtj

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY=

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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36 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM

J` 3gt nj euhdm nj 14gt9 fuj para `a idunan nj Baumlhmva(Dta`da) uh nigravea jldhjhtjljhtj trdstj Zhm nj sus laacutesiauml`jcrjs dhvjstdbanmrjs psigravequdims partigravea gaida j` mtrm `anmnj a vdna a ms 71 antildems nj jnan njspuaumls nj gacjr njeanmjsirdtm para `a gdstmrda laacutes nj sjsjhta mcras y idjhtms njartigraveiu`ms casanms jh sus dhvjstdbaidmhjs

Jrhjstm Cmzzahm gacigravea haidnm jh `a ldsla idunanquj `j vdm lmrdr j` 4 nj jhjrm nj 1763 Yu fald`dajimhugraveldialjhtj aimlmnana `m rjidcdugrave euhtm imh mtrmsiuatrm gjrlahms laacutes mcsjrvahnm iugravelm sj njstaiacajh auml` uh almr apasdmhahtj pmr j` aprjhndzaej ^a` jra asigravequj a `ms iuatrm antildems suejtahnm imh sus pjqujntildeas lahmsuh vm`uldhmsm y ldstjrdmsm tmlm smcrj `a `dtjraturabjhmvjsa dhsdstigravea a su lanrj para quj j jhsjntildeara a `jjr`m

[asa j` tdjlpm y Cmzzahm js a`jhtanm a jstundar jhuha jsiuj`a taumlihdia pjrm a `ms iatmrij antildems tras luigas`aacutebrdlas js mc`dbanm pmr su panrj a acahnmhar`a Jstmfmrta`jidugrave su pjrsmha`dnan ya quj a partdr nj jhtmhijs suljta fuj anqudrdr imlm `jy uha brah iu`tura njspjrtahnmluigigravesdlm dhtjraumls pmr `ms brahnjs i`aacutesdims dta`dahms a`dtjratura fuj su prdljra vmiaidugraveh y tras imhvjrtdrsj jhuh autmndnaita js iapaz nj `jjr jh dhb`aumls `as mcras nj `ms

pmjtas ^gmlas Lmmrj [jriy Cyssgj Ygj``jy Emgh Ld`tmh yRd``dal Ygaojspjarj

Imh qudhij antildems sj jhiujhtra dhtjrjsanm pmr `asndfjrjhtjs aacuterjas nj` imhmidldjhtm5 `a pa`jmhtm`mbigravea `aastrmhmligravea as idjhidas hatura`js a psdim`mbigravea y a fi`msmfigraveaidjhtigravefiia Anjlaacutes njsnj su euvjhtun ya sjhtigravea uhadhusdtana atraiidugraveh pmr `ms prmc`jlas nj `a pjrsmha`dnangulaha prdhidpa`ljhtj ms quj imhnuiigraveah a as iausas nj`ms sufrdldjhtms `a fiha`dnan y `a razugraveh nj `a vdna gulaha

Vdjhj `a naumliana fi`msugravefiia jhtrj 1773 y 1743 nmhnjdhtjhta pjhjtrar jh j` pjhsaldjhtm nj ms brahnjs fi`ugravesmfmsnjsnj [`atugraveh Njsiartjs Bjmrb Rd`gj`l Frdjnrdig mtzjSmsldhd y Vdhijhzm Bdmcjrtd quj tras `arbms y `acmrdmsmsantildems nj dhvjstdbaidugraveh jh jstj ialpm nj `a fi`msmfigravea hm``jha sus jspjranms ahgj`ms

Ydh jlcarbm j` jstundm nj` sdstjla nj` brah fi`ugravesmfmdhb`js Gjrcjrt Ypjhijr `j njspdjrta y nurahtj nms antildemssj njndia a ahmtar y i`asdfiiar sus imhijptms pmr j` brahimhtjhdnm fi`msugravefiim quj njsiucrj jh auml` sdjhnm su igravenm`m ynjeahnm uha dhffiujhida luy lariana jh Cmzzahm

A partdr nj aquigrave sj imhvdrtdugrave sjbotildeh sus pa`acras jhuh pmsdtdvdsta-latjrda`dsta imhvjhidnm gasta ta` puhtm quj`j parjiigravea dhirjigravec`j quj gucdjra luigas bjhtjs nj alp`daiu`tura dhtj`jitua` quj pundjrah irjjr jh `a jxdstjhida m`a supjrvdvjhida nj` jspigraverdtu laquoLd pjhsaldjhtm jra ta` qujjsirdcigrave ar tigraveiu`ms jh apmym a lds imhvdiidmhjs J` rjiujrnmnj jsj iursm lj gaij dhnu`bjhtj y tm`jrahtj nj uhanjtjrldhana i`asj nj ahtabmhdstas quj nj cujha fj ndijhsjr iapaijs nj rjfutar `as imhi`usdmhjs jxpjrdljhta`jsrdburmsas quj gah ``jbanm a` hjm-jspdrdtua`dslm y quj sjmpmhjh a `as dhnuiidmhjs y njnuiidmhjs nj [sdim`mbigravea jhquj ym irjigravea gaij gt antildemsiquest

laquoJs hjijsardm imlprjhnjr quj jh `a aumlpmia a `a qujlj rjfijrm ym hm sacigravea hana nj `a dhvjstdbaidugraveh nj `aljndulhdnan m jspdrdtdslm imh `a jxijpidugraveh nj crjvjsartigraveiu`ms quj gacigravea jigravenm jh ms pjrdugravendims sdh prjstar laacutesatjhidugraveh nj ms laumlnduls quj sjntildea`auml pdanmsaljhtj smcrj

`a irjnu`dnan nj `ms jspdrdtdstasiquestlaquoYuijndugrave sdh jlcarbm -imhtdhotildea imhtahnm Cmzzahm-

quj jh 1741 j` prmfjsmr frahiaumls gaumlmnu`j-Arlahn Sdcmtndrjitmr nj `a Sjvuj [gd`msmpgdquj lj jsirdcdugrave paraimluhdiarlj `a puc`diaidugraveh nj uha prugravexdla rjvdsta caemj` tigravetu`m Ahha`js njs Yidjhijs [syigdqujs iuym ndrjitmr jraj` Nr Nardjux prjnjijsmr nj` lajstrm Igar`js SdigjtJra uha rjvdsta quj sj prmpusm prdhidpa`ljhtj rjimbjry jxaldhar a`buhms iasms iurdmsms nj `a trahsldsdugravehnj` pjhsaldjhtm a ndstahida dhi`udnm caem j` hmlcrj nj‐fjhugraveljhms tj`jpaacutetdimsldquoiquest

laquoa psdim`mbigravea ldstjrdmsa jsimhndna jh jsta frasj lj``alugrave `a iurdmsdnan a` dbua` quj j` hmlcrj nj` prmfjsmrSdigjt fuj sufiidjhtj para barahtdzar `a sjrdjnan nj `ajlprjsa Sjspmhnigrave a` prmfjsmr Sdcmt abranjidaumlhnm`j `a

CDMBSAFIgraveA5JSHJY^M CMUUAHM

Ndvu`banmr jspigraverdta artdiu`dsta y imhfjrjhidahtj [artdidpa jhprmbralas nj randm y tj`jvdsdugraveh nj tjlaacutetdia jspdrdtua` Js prjsdnjhtjnj `a Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj Lanrdn Euah Ldbuj` Fjrhaacutehnjz

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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32CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

atjhidugraveh y lj dhi`uyugrave jhtrj `ms susirdptmrjs nj `a rjvdstaNji`arm sdhijraljhtj quj `a `jitura nj sus prdljrmshotildeljrms prmnuem uha dlprjsdugraveh njsastrmsa jh ld irdtjrdmpmsdtdvdsta drrjimhid`dac`jiquest

laquo[arjiigravea dhndbhahtj quj a`buhms rjprjsjhtahtjs nj`a idjhida mfiida` qujrigraveah ndsiutdr sjrdaljhtj `a trahsldsdugravehnj` pjhsaldjhtm nj uh imhtdhjhtj a mtrm `as apardidmhjsnj fahtaslas tj`jpaacutetdims imlm jhtdnanjs rja`js y iasmsaitua`js dhqudjtahtjs J` pmnjr dhgdcdnmr nj prjimhijptmsimhvjrtdnm jh ld faiu`tan nj ta`js razmhaldjhtms jra

tmta`ljhtj dhaiijsdcj a `as hujvas dnjas m laacutes cdjh a `mshujvms aitms pmrquj `ms gjigms rja`ljhtj njiigraveah qujjrah idjhtigravefiims y rdburmsaljhtj nmiuljhtanms auhqujym hm jra iapaz nj asdld`ar`msiquest

laquoIuahnm tmnavigravea lahtjhigravea ld jstanm ljhta` aparjidugravejh `a Sjvuj [gd`msmpgdquj uh `arbm artigraveiu`m nj` prmfjsmrSmsjhcaig nj Yah [jtjrscurbm (Susda) vdm`jhtaljhtjataiahnm `a ‐dhtrusdugraveh sairigrave`jba nj jstj hujvm ldstdidslmldquojh `as dhljndaidmhjs nj `a psdim`mbigravea mfiida` y jxp`diahnm

`ms hujvms iasms nj `ms supujstms nj `a ‐a`uidhaidugravehldquo `as‐imdhidnjhidas fmrtudtasldquo y a`buhms laacutes quj hm pujnmrjimrnar ^a`js rjfutaidmhjs parjijh tah tmrpjs y imh ta`ndsiapaidnan quj prmnuij j` jfjitm imhtrardm nj `m quj j`autmr prjtjhnigravea ndsbustahnm ld ljhtj Lj imhvjhiigrave nj qujj` prmc`jla jra rja`ljhtj `ms gjigms asigrave quj iata`mbuaumlsj`jiidmhauml y i`asdfiquauml para rja`dzar j` ahaacute`dsds imlparatdvmiquest

laquoa jxij`jhida nj` laumltmnm nj dhvjstdbaidugraveh sdld`arfuj prmcanm nj ta` lahjra quj aotildeh `m usm gasta `a fjigaBuarnm uh dlpjrjijnjrm rjiujrnm nj jstj pjrdmnm njdhvjstdbaidugraveh fjrvdjhtj y pjrsjvjrahtj pmrquj a travaumlsnj j``ms lj gdij iapaz nj rjsm`vjr lds hujvas irjjhidas

jspdrdtdstas smcrj uha casj idjhtigravefiia firlj as mcras njSmcjrt Na`j Mwjh Jpjs Yarbjht nj `a Yra Lmrbah ynj` Nr Rm`fj lj dhffiujhidarmh a anmptar ld hujvm puhtmnj vdsta smcrj `a fjhmljhm`mbigravea psigravequdia y jfjitms figravesdimsas sjsdmhjs jxpjrdljhta`js imh Rd``dal Ytadhtmh Lmsjsfujrmh `as quj prmnuejrmh j` laymr jfjitm pjrsuasdvmsmcrj lds irjjhidas a iausa nj `a dhtjrvjhidugraveh nj uhjspigraverdtu jh `a fjhmljhm`mbigravea jhtrj `ms antildems 1743 y 1749iquest

laquoAsigrave punj jxpjrdljhtar y aprjhnjr imh j` rjputanmidjhtigravefiim a partdr nj `ms arbuljhtms Jhtjhndaumlhnmsj sdhjlcarbm quj gacigravea ``jbanm j` tdjlpm jh j` quj sj njcjimhfirlar lds imhmidldjhtms tjugraverdims y as dhvjstdbaidmhjs

jxpjrdljhta`jsiquest tjrldha CmzzahmSjimrnjlms quj su prdljra aprmxdlaidugraveh a`

jstundm nj` Jspdrdtdslm fuj `a hjbaidugraveh nj` fjhugraveljhm

Jra uh pjhsanmr pmsdtdvdsta Yus prdljras dhiursdmhjsjh `ms jstundms nj `ms fjhugraveljhms jspigraverdtas a travaumls nj`a mcra nj A`jxahnjr Aosaomv jh Ahdldslm y Jspdrdtdslm y ms fahtaslas nj `a sa`a nj jstar nj Burhjs Lyjrs `jimhvdrtdjrmh njfihdtdvaljhtj jh uh dhvjstdbanmr psigravequdim

A partdr nj 14 Cmzzahm imljhzugrave a partdidpar jh`ms jxpjrdljhtms smcrj laumlnduls y a jsirdcdr artigraveiu`mssmcrj sus imhi`usdmhjs Huhia sj njsiudnugrave y fuj luyirigravetdim jh sus dhvjstdbaidmhjs imhvdrtdaumlhnmsj jh uhmnj `ms idjhtigravefiims laacutes prmnuitdvms nj `ms fjhugraveljhmspsigravequdims Jhtrj sus lotilde`tdp`js mcras quj fujrmh tranuidnasa huljrmsms dndmlas sj jhiujhtrah `ms dhfmrljs nj `asrjuhdmhjs lahtjhdnas imh Jusapda [a`andhm uha nj `aslaumlnduls nj jfjitms figravesdims laacutes dlpmrtahtjs nj jsa aumlpmiaYu rjputaidugraveh `j pjrldtdugrave lahtjhjr imrrjspmhnjhidaimh `ms prdhidpa`js rjprjsjhtahtjs nj `a ljtapsigravequdiadhi`uyjhnm idjhtigravefiims ta`js imlm `ms figravesdims dhb`jsjsRd``dal Irmmojs y M`dvjr mnbj y j` fisdugrave`mbm frahiaumlsIgar`js Sdigjt

a njsjhiarhaidugraveh nj su lanrj jh eu`dm nj 1413sdrvdugrave nj pujhtj para `a njlmstraidugraveh nj `a supjrvdvjhidanj` a`la Cmzzahm rja`dzaca jh jsa aumlpmia sjsdmhjssjlaha`js imh uh rjnuidnm brupm nj aldbms y imh `apartdidpaidugraveh nj uha falmsa laumlndul Sja`dzahnm uhasjsdugraveh jh `a quj sj imhljlmraca j` prdljr ahdvjrsardmnj `a lujrtj nj su prmbjhdtmra `a laumlndul jsirdcdugrave uhaspa`acras jh uh trmzm nj papj` quj njspuaumls nj `jigravenas pmrCmzzahm `m njearmh asmlcranm A``igrave jstacah jsirdtms `msnms otilde`tdlms vjrsms nj` jpdtafim quj aquj` ldslm nigravea auml`gacigravea njeanm jh j` totildelu`m nj su lanrj

Fuj [rjsdnjhtj Gmhmrardm nj` micro Imhbrjsm Jspigraverdta

Dhtjrhaidmha` ij`jcranm jh Carij`mha jh 149gt [mr suaituaidugraveh rjidcdugrave nj `ms jspigraverdtas crdtaacutehdims uha ljna``anj mrm quj imhtjhigravea `a sdbudjhtj frasj laquoA` Brah Lajstrmnj` A`la Jrhjstm Cmzzahm quj acrdugrave hujvms gmrdzmhtjsa `a gulahdnan sufrdjhtj nj sus aldbms y anldranmrjsiquestJrhjstm Cmzzahm apmrtugrave uha dhjstdlac`j imhtrdcuidugraveh a aidjhida jspigraverdta Casta njidr quj sus tracaems smh sdjlprjuha fujhtj uhdvjrsa`

a otilde`tdla jtapa nj su vdna fuj luy trdstj njcdnm aprmc`jlas jimhugraveldims y nj sa`un

Fdha`dzalms imh jsta frasj nj su mcra LjtapsigravequdiaGulaha5 laquoAfirlar sdh tjlmr a jqudvmiarhms quj fujranj `a gdpugravetjsds jspigraverdta hm gay handj iapaz nj jxp`diar`ms iasms ahaacute`mbms a `ms quj aiacm nj jxpmhjriquest

Jrhjstm Cmzzahm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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37 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA

DHY^DH^M JDH^JDBJHIDA

Mnmhtugrave`mba prjsdnjhta nj a Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta ‐Yjhnjrm nj [azldquojh Carrahqud``a (Im`mlcda) Imhfjrjhidahtj jspigraverdta y jxprjsdnjhtjnj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj `a Imsta At`aacutehtdia

Iarljh Iarnmha

Yjbotildeh `ms jstundms nj `a Cdm`mbigravea y `a [a`jmhtm`mbigravea`a vdna mrbaacutehdia jh `a ^djrra aparjij jh `a otilde`tdla jtapanj `a Jra Arqujmzmdia jh j` [jrigravemnm [rjiaacutelcrdim avdna sugrave`m pmnigravea affimrar y jstar njcdnaljhtj mrnjhana jhsu ialdhm jvm`utdvm a iausa nj uh ialpm nj imlahnmquj pundjsj dhffiujhidar j dhijhtdvar `as fmrlas jstm js j`prdhidpdm-uhdfiianmr m jspdrdtua` quj sj lahdfijsta jh `msfjhugraveljhms nj `a vdna imlm ‐hjijsdnanjsldquo imh j` fih nja`iahzar uha njtjrldhana pmsdidugraveh nj mrnjh arlmhigravea yjqud`dcrdm

J` ldhjra` pmsjj tahtm `a vdna imlm j` vjbjta` y j`ahdla` J` prdhidpdm uhdfiianmr `a jsjhida quj prjsdnj `asfmrlas y j` ljtacm`dslm nj `a ffimra y nj `a fauha jxdstj

talcdaumlh jh j` rjdhm ldhjra` prjsdn djhnm `as fujrzas njatraiidugraveh y rjpu`sdugraveh jh quj `ms aacutetmlms y `as lm`aumliu`as sjuhdfiiah y jqud`dcrah A ljndna quj ms j`jljhtms ndspjrsmssj fujrmh rjuhdjhnm as prdljras imlcdhaidmhjs fmrlarmhiujrpms jxi`usdvaljhtj dhmrbaacutehdims `as pdjnras `as abuasy tmna `a ndvjrsdnan nj ldhjra`js Iuahnm jsms ldslmsj`jljhtms sj lmndfiiarmh pmr aiidugraveh nj` ffiudnm vdta`bdquoqujhm js j` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtjbdquofmrlarmh iujrpms nmtanmsnj vdta`dnan imh uha mrbahdzaidugraveh imhstahtj y rjbu`ar ianauhm jh su jspjidj

J` vjbjta` njspuhta imlm imhsjiujhida nj `aimmrndhaidugraveh nj` jej-vdta` m ndhaldslm jspdrdtua` qujva lmnj`ahnm `as fmrlas figravesdias nj ldirmsiugravepdiasa lairmsiugravepdias jh j` fmhnm nj `as abuas imh `as

tjlpjraturas anjiuanas y sdh `as imhvu`sdmhjs tj`otilderdias nj`a supjrfiidj nj aquj``a aumlpmia

J` jej vdta` m psdqudslm prdlardm va anqudrdjhnmjxpjrdjhidas jh `as dnas y vjhdnas nj` ialpm jhjrbaumltdim

a` ialpm latjrda` y vdijvjrsa njtjrldhahnm uha apjrturaiigravei`dia quj pmsdcd`dtarigravea `a anqudsdidugraveh nj iua`dnanjs nj`ms pjqujntildems idi`ms nj vdna quj sj vah fmrlahnm a vdnasj va jxpahndjhnm y lmstrahnm dhfihdtas fmrlas a partdrnj iujrpms sdlp`js imlm imhsjiujhida nj `a aiidugraveh nj`prdhidpdm-jspdrdtua`

a jhjrbigravea jspdrdtua` jh jsas jras nj ld``arjs njld``mhjs nj antildems anqudjrj jxpjrdjhidas y iua`dnanjsalp`igravea aptdtunjs jh `as vdvjhidas nj tmnm j` rjdhm vjbjta` yahdla` bahahnm jh j ` prdljrm sjhsdcd`dnan jh j` sjbuhnmdhstdhtm

J` ahdla` tdjhj uha tjhnjhida para rjaiidmhar imhtraj` ljndm jxtjrdmr y `a sjhsaidugraveh `j njtjrldha jlmidmhjsnj p`aijr m nj nm`mr Cusiahnm uhas y guyjhnm nj mtrasrja`dza aitms dhstdhtdvms quj sj tranuijh pmr aiidmhjsrjffijeas quj sj anaptah anldrac`jljhtj a su jxdstjhida Asigravejh `a `djcrj quj sj ndspara a` ljhmr rudnm j` lmvdldjhtmnj fuba js dhvm`uhtardm jh partj rjffijem jh partj dhstdhtdvmpjrm smcrj tmnm uh lmvdldjhtm anaptanm a `a vdna nj`ahdla` tjhdjhnm pmr fiha`dnan su imhsjrvaidugraveh Guyj parasa`varsj

Nj agigrave sj sdbuj quj aiidmhjs y rjaiidmhjs smhsdjlprj `as ldslas para uha jspjidj y pmr imhsjiujhidaprmvmiah `as ldslas mpjraidmhjs dhtj`jitua`js mcsiurasJsas mpjraidmhjs dhijsahtjljhtj rjpjtdnas sj dhirustahjh j` pjrdjspigraverdtu quj pjtrdfiia pmr asigrave njidr`m j` aparatmijrjcrm-jspdha` ``jbahnm a sjr partj nj` ahdla` Js jh jsaiatjbmrigravea quj sj im`miah `ms dhstdhtms iuym mcejtdvm js5hutrdidugraveh imhsjrvaidugraveh rjprmnuiidugraveh

a dhtj`dbjhida uh tahtm njsprjhndna nj` ljndmpjrdjspdrdtua` brmsjrm dhtjrvdjhj para quj j` Jspigraverdtuaprmvjigj `ms dhstdhtms hatura`js lmndfiiaacutehnm`ms mpjrfjiidmhaacutehnm`ms

J` dhstdhtm js `a fujrza miu`ta quj ``jva a `ms sjrjsmrbaacutehdims a rja`dzar aitms jspmhtaacutehjms j dhvm`uhtardmspara smcrjvdvdr J` dhstdhtm js uha dhtj`dbjhida rundljhtarda

J` dhstdhtm js uha dhtj`dbjhida rundljhtarda hm raidmha` y ljndahtj auml`tmnms ms sjrjs prmvjjh sus hjijsdnanjs

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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34DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

hm raidmha` y ljndahtj auml` tmnms `ms sjrjs prmvjjh sushjijsdnanjs a dhtj`dbjhida js uha faiu`tan jspjida`prmpda nj idjrtas i`asjs nj sjrjs mrbaacutehdims quj `js naimh j` pjhsaldjhtm vm`uhtan nj aituar imhidjhida nj sujxdstjhida y imhstdtuyj su dhndvdnua`dnan lmra`

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Yjvd``abull Asmidaidugraveh Ijhtrm nj Jstundms

Jspigraverdtas nj Yjvd``aNdrjiidugraveh5 [rmspjrdnan 9 rdaha gt11 bull Yjvd``a

Rjc5 wwwjspdrdtassjvd``ajsImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 bjhmvjvala``mKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 4gt 379 7 rsquo +9gt 6 gt71 794

bull Brupm Jspigraverdta Hujvm Alahjijr Emahha nj Ahbj`ds

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ndjbm [ujrta 1 Jsi 9gt 2 A gt14 bull Yjvd``aRjc5 wwwhujvmalahjijrjspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtashujvmalahjijrKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 + 9gt 62 44 462 - + 9gt 62 44 46

^arrabmhabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Emahha nj Ahbj`dsNdrjiidugraveh5 [ucd`` Mrdm` 33

gt931 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 422 9gt6 16gt rsquo +9gt 63 gt61 67gt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Lahuj` y Ndva`nmNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Vdjhtm gt93 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)Rjc5 wwwijlyniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ar`dhbbKyagmmjs ^j`f5 +9gt 676 gt4 2gt6

Va`jhida

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Va`jhida Gmbar FratjrhmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Vd``ahujva nj Iastj``ugraveh 33 gt64 bull Va`jhidaRjc5 wwwasjsvamrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 gmbarfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 469 3 46 7

IJH^SMY JY[IgraveSD^AY MHDHJbull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aNdrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat (uhjs Ldaumlrim`js y Eujvjs 33g9)

Rjc5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`jfmhm5 +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas ‐YdhFrmhtjrasldquo

Ndrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat(Nmldhbms 31g)

Rjc5 gttp5ijjsdhfrmhtjrasjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijjsdhfrmhtjrasKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta

Abjhna Irdstdaha - JNDIJD gt ₠

A`cmrana Irdstdaha (Ljndahm) gt ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrDD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

Aacuternua Asijhsdugraveh 13 ₠

Atjhidugraveh (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ialdhm Vjrnan y Vdna - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Iartd``a nj` Cdjh - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Iuahnm Sjbrjsj `a [rdlavjra (Hmrla`) 2 ₠

Iujhtms Jspdrdtdstas 4 ₠

Njsnj a Mtra Vdna gt ₠

Njspdjrtj y Yja Fj`dz - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` A`la js Dhlmrta` 7 ₠

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta 4 ₠

J` Idj`m y j` Dhfijrhm - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Jspigraverdtu nj `a Vjrnan - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` Jvahbj`dm Yjbotildeh j` Jspdrdtdslm -JNDIJD

1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Yjr Yucimhsidjhtj 6 ₠

Jh `m Dhvdsdc`j 7 ₠

Jh `ms Nmldhdms nj `a Ljndulhdnan -JNDIJD

4 ₠

Jhtrj `a djrra y j` Idj`m - JNDIJD 4 ₠Jspdrdtdslm Lmnjrhm OA DJ ODHB - FJJ ₠

Jspdrdtdslm y Jim`mbigravea - JNDIJD 7 ₠

B`msardm Jspigraverdta (Cm`sd``m) 6 ₠

Buigravea [raacuteitdia nj` Jspdrdtdsta - FJJ ₠

Gdphmtdslm y Jspdrdtdslm 7 ₠

Ejsotildes jh j` Gmbar - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Eustdida Ndvdha - JNDIJD 7 ₠

a Baumlhjsds - JNDIJD 1 ₠

a Vdna jh Fald`da gt ₠

dcjraidugraveh - JNDIJD 4 ₠

as Vdnas Yuijsdvas 4 ₠

ms Ljhsaejrms - JNDIJD 7 ₠

ms Lujrtms Ydbujh Vdvdjhnm 6 ₠

Lahms Zhdnas (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljndtaidmhjs (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljlmrdas nj` [anrj Bjrlaacuteh 2 ₠

Ljhsaej nj uh Anm`jsijhtj njsnj j`Luhnm Jspdrdtua` - JNDIJD ₠

Ldsdmhjrms nj `a uz - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Lujrtj js Vdna 6 ₠

Hujstrm Gmbar - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Mcrjrms nj `a Vdna Jtjrha - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[ah Hujstrm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[jhsaldjhtm y Vdna - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Sj`dbdugraveh nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 177 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 174 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Yjntildea` Vjrnj gt ₠

Yjxm y Njstdhm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Ydjlcra nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Yuc`dlj Jxpdaidugraveh - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Vdna Fj`dz - JNDIJD 2 ₠

Lm`njahnm j` ^jrijr Ld`jhdm - Vdna yMcra nj Ndva`nm [ Frahim

1 ₠

Vdna y Yjxm - JNDIJD 6 ₠

T `a Vdna Imhtdhotildeahellip JNDIJD 7 ₠

dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ

Ugraverbahm jndtmrda` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a sdh aacutehdlm nj `uirm quj rjdhvdjrtj jh j` prmpdm

`dcrm jspigraverdta Yj gaijh jhvigravems imhtra rjjlcm`sm Gaba su pjndnm prjfjrdc`jljhtj pmr imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim adhfmKjspdrdtdslmii m pmr tj`aumlfmhm5 636 911 771

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Vdna ahtjs nj `a Vdna

Jhtrjvdsta a Iar`msSmcjrtm Ialpjttd

Jhfjrljnanjs nj` a`la[aacutebdha 1gt

Jvdnjhidas Idjhtigravefiias a favmr nj`a Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna [aacutebdha 3

[`ahjaldjhtm rjjhiarhatmrdm[aacutebdha 13

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐ms Gdems nj` Ayjrldquo

[aacutebdha 37

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 3bull Jndidugraveh Mitucrj 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

1 antildems nj J` `dcrm nj `ms laumlnduls

Jhtrjvdsta a` LaumlndulNdva`nm Frahim

Ljndulhdnan nj jfjitms figravesdims[aacutebdha 1gt

^rahsimluhdiaidugraveh dhstruljhta`[aacutebdha 3

Fmrlaidugraveh nj` Laumlndul[aacutebdha 13

Jspdrdtdslm jh a dtjratura

[aacutebdha 37

frac12Ejsotildes jra laumlndul=[aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 1bull Jndidugraveh Eu`dm 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Jspdrdtdslm imlm fi`msmfigravea nj vdna

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm57bull Jndidugravehacrd`31gtbull [rjidm59

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm52bull JndidugravehMitucrj 319bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

ms Ijhtrms jspdrdtdstas njcjh sjr`a iaacutetjnra nj` Jspigraverdtu nj Vjrnan

QZAuml JY J JY[DSD^DYLM=

DH^SMNZIIDUgraveHA IMHMIDLDJH^M NJ LZHNM DHVDYDCJ

[MS AY LAHDFJY^AIDMHJY NJ MY JY[IgraveSD^ZY

Imhtdjhj j` rjsuljh nj ms prdhidpdms nj a nmitrdha jspdrdtdsta y as rjs-pujstas a as prdhidpa`js mcejidmhjs

pmr

A``ah - Oarnjiautmr nj` dcrm nj ms jspigraverdtus y nj` dcrm nj ms Ljnduls

JNDIDUgraveH JIMHUgraveLDIA

[rjidm 3 rja`js

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh Jspantildea

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm56bull JndidugravehEu`dm319bull[rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5bull JndidugravehLarzm319bull [rjidm59₠

nj a FJJ

Jspdrdtdslm jh j` luhnm[aacutebdha 37

[rjiursmrjs nj` Jspdrdtdslm[aacutebdha 6

Artgur Imhah Nmy`j[aacutebdha 32

Idjhtigravefiims jspigraverdtas nj`sdb`m WDW [aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a rjvj`aidugraveh jspigraverdtay A``ah Oarnji [aacutebdha 17

a SjvujYpdrdtj [aacutebdha 3

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

a Vdna jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

[sdim`mbigravea jh j` laacutes a``aacute[aacutebdha 1gt

Aacutehbj`js BuarndahjsJspigraverdtus [rm-tjitmrjsFald`darjs y Ydlpaacutetdims

[aacutebdha 32[jrdjspigraverdtu

[aacutebdha 33

ms Yujntildems Jspdrdtua`js[aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐HMYYM ASldquo

Jhtrjvdsta aYahtdaba Hmbujrm [aacutebdha 1

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5gtbull JndidugravehYjptdjlcrj 313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

^rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

a vdna jtjrha[aacutebdha 1

^rahsdidugraveh p`ahjtarda[aacutebdha 37

[`ura`dnan nj luhnms gacdtanms[aacutebdha 39

Jvm`uidugraveh gdstugraverdia nj` pjhsaldjh-tm jspdrdtua` [aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Jhtrjvdsta

Cdmbrafigravea

a Larigravea nj `aBraida nj Jh-

njr [aacutebdha 12

aumlmh Njhds[aacutebdha 7

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm59bull JndidugravehLarzm313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

[jtdidugraveh nj hotildeljrms ahtjrdmrjs5

H 1 rsquo 1 Antildems nj` ‐dcrm nj`ms Laumlndulsldquo

H 3 rsquo Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna

H 9 rsquo rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

H gt rsquo a Vdna jh j` luhnmjspdrdtua`

H rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

H 6 rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslmjh Jspantildea

H 2 rsquo J` Ijhtrm Jspdrdta

H 7 rsquo J` Jspdrdtdslm imlmfi`msmfigravea nj vdna

pjndnmsrjvdstafjjKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3636

DHFMSLAIDUgraveH T SJYJSVAY5

YJISJ^ASIgraveA AumlIHDIAMSBAHDUA

IMHFJSJHIDAY

T YJLDHASDMY

bull J` Luhnm Dhvdsdc`j

bull Sjbrjsm a `a vdna jspdrdtua`

bull J` laacutes a``aacute nj` sudidna

bull a lotildesdia jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

jqud`dcrdm para j` a`la

bull Jspigraverdtus y su gdstmrda jh `a gulahd-

nan

bull ^jrapda nj` almr

bull Imluhdiaidugraveh imh `ms jspigraverdtus5

ldtms y vjrnanjs

bull Njsvj`ahnm `m dhvdsdc`j (prujcas idjhtigrave-

fiias fi`msugravefiias j gdstugraverdias)

I d ` n d d dc`

a partdidpaidugraveh a jstj jvjhtm jstaacute acdjrta a tmnas aquj``as pjrsmhas dhtjrjsanas

IMHFJSJHIDAH^JY

Ndva`nm [ Frahim - A`frjnm A`mhsm nj `a Fujhtj - A`frjnm

^acujntildea - Vditmr Suahm - Iar`ms Ialpjttd - Euah Ldbuj`

Fjrhaacutehnjz - Eahaigraveha Ldhj``d - Iarljh Iarnmha - Ldbuj`

Vjra - M`ba Mrtdz

6 2 y 7 Ndidjlcrj 31gt

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 336

9 bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJJspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`turaJspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a FjnjraidugravehJspigraverdta Jspantildem`aImmrndhanmr jndidugraveh5 Jstjcah UarabmzaImmrndhaidugraveh artigraveiu`ms5 m`a BariigraveaImmrndhaidugraveh nj` ndsjntildem

j dlprjsdugraveh5 Emaquigraveh GujtjCdmbrafigraveas y jhtrjvdstas5 Euah Ldbuj` Fjrhaacutehnjz LuntildemzLaqujtaidugraveh5 MfiCMMONdstrdcuidugraveh5 I`aunda Cjrharnjs nj Iarva`gmDlprjsdugraveh5 MfiCMMON5 A-gt17-311

Sjvdsta jndtana pmr `a FjnjraidugravehJspigraverdta Jspantildem`aJhtdnan sdh aacutehdlm nj `uirm F-32 nj`Sjbdstrm Haidmha` nj Asmidaidmhjs[ara laymr dhfmrlaidugraveh iartas a`ndrjitmr imlpra nj dcrmsndrdbdrsj a5 Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmjsdhfmKjspdrdtdslmii tj`f +9gt 636 911 771Yusirdpidmhjs5pjndnmsrjvdstafjjKblad`iml

IgraveHNDIJ

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull JND^MSDA

laquoIdjrtm nigravea jstahnm Frahidsim nj Asigraves jh pjrjbrdhaidugravehpmr `a idunan nj Buccdm a` hmrtj nj Asigraves supm quj `a pmc`aidugravehnj aquj``a rjbdugraveh jstaca dhtrahqud`a pujs a``igrave vdvigravea jh `as `anjras

nj njtjrldhanms pjntildeasims uh `mcm fjrmz quj ya gacigravea njvmranmluigms ahdla`js j dhi`usm a`buhms hdntildems J` `mcm prmijnigravea nj uhalahana nj `mcms nj `a quj fuj apartanm pmr jhfjrljnan vdvdjhnmjh uha iavjrha quj jhimhtrugrave a`dljhtaacutehnmsj nj `ms ahdla`js qujpmr a``igrave pasacah ataiahnm dbua`ljhtj a sjrjs gulahms njsiudnanms^ahtms fujrmh `ms pjreudidms vjrdfiianms y j` paacutehdim sjlcranm pmr `arjbdugraveh quj `a pmc`aidugraveh fuj a su jhiujhtrm para quj auml` cjhndejsj aaquauml` mcm y rmbasj a Ndms quj m gdidjsj njsaparjijr para quj a pazsj rjstac`jidjsj as lanrjs affidbdnas dlp`mracah a` [anrj Frahidsimquj tuvdjsj pdjnan y `as ayunasj prmljtdaumlhnm`j gaijr iua`qudjrpjhdtjhida njsnj quj sj `dcrasjh nj` pj`dbrmsm ahdla` J` [anrjFrahidsim jsiuigugrave imh paidjhida `a ``alana nj` pujc`m y prmljtdugravegaijr a`buha imsa jh cjhjfiidm nj tmnms [jndrigravea a Ndms para quj j``mcm cusiasj mtrm `ubar quj hm fujsj nmhnj vdvigraveah `ms gulahms T

Frahidsim imlm nj imstulcrj pmr `a hmigj jhtrugrave jh ljndtaidugravehy jh mraidugraveh a` Yjntildemr A jstas gmras sus migravenms sdjlprj rjbdstracahimsas fujra nj `m imlotildeh nj ms gmlcrjs T fuj m quj miurr dugrave a` pjndra Ndms jh jstms taumlrldhms5 ‐rsquoiexclNdms ligravem iexclYjntildemr ligravem [jrldtj quj ^jpdna a`bm ta` vjz dhmpmrtuhm pjrm quj jstaacute jh j` a`la nj` pujc`m pmrnmhnj jstalms pasahnm nmhnj qujrjlms ``jvar j` Jvahbj`dm nj ^uGdem y Hujstrm Lajstrm quj hms pdnj a`buha imsa quj j pujna trajr`a paz y `a trahqud`dnan figravesdia Quj apartjs Yjntildemr j` `mcm quj `ms ataiapujs cdjh sacjs `m quj jstaacute gaidjhnm latahnm ahdla`js j gdrdjhnma gmlcrjs y aljnrjhtahnm a `a pmc`aidugraveh Yd fujra u vm`uhtan y sd`m ljrjijlms gaz quj jsj `mcm sa`ba nj jsta rjbdugraveh y cusquj mtrm`ubar nmhnj auml` pujna sjhtdrsj ljemr y ms gmlcrjs vdvdr jh paz Ejsotildesayotildenahms a imlprjhnjr `as hjijsdnanjs nj hujstrms sjljeahtjs ygaz pmr j``ms a`buha imsa Larigravea Lanrj nj Ejsotildes iotildecrjhms a tmnmsimh tu lahtm nj `uz imhfmrtahnm hujstrms imrazmhjs atrdcu`anms

pjrm quj sj gaba `a vm`uhtan nj` Yjntildemr y hm `a hujstraldquoT jh j` dhtjrva`m jh quj rjdhaca j` sd`jhidm Frahidsim a `a

jspjra nj uha rjspujsta myugrave jh j` fmhnm nj su a`la uh iaacutehtdimrjspmhndaumlhnm`j `m quj njcjrigraveah gaijr jh uh tmhm arlmhdmsmy ``jhm nj tjrhura5 ‐rsquoiexclUgraveyjlj Frahidsim J` `mcm tdjhj njrjigma qujnarsj nmhnj qudjra quj sja arrdjsbahnm talcdaumlh su vdnafrac12Nugravehnj njcjlms lahnar`m= Auml` tdjhj `a hjijsdnan nj a`bm quj jxdstjjhtrj `ms gmlcrjs frac12Jsms hm cusiah ljemrigravea jh j` cdjhjstar y jh `aimhvdvjhida imh gjrlahms nj `a ldsla y nj mtras razas= Js pujs uhnjrjigm quj asdstj a qudjh vdvj a iua`qudjr irdatura haidna nj Ndmsy pmr Ndms frac12Iugravelm jxpu`sar y sairdfiiar a uh ahdla` sm`aljhtj parasatdsfaijr a pjrsmhas a`buhas sdh pdjnan gasta para imh `ms prmpdmssjljeahtjs= J` jbmigraveslm nj `ms gmlcrjs js j` quj `ms gaij sufrdr hmsdlp`js ahdla`js quj pdnjh smimrrm imh ms rjiursms quj pmsjjh Vj

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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2JY[IgraveSD^Z T LA^JSDA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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smh `ms arqudtjitms jstj`arjs quj sdjlprj mcjnjijh a`jyjs jtjrhas y tdjhjh imlm tarja im`acmrar imh Ndms jh`a fmrlaidugraveh nj `ms luhnms utd`dzahnm y tracaeahnm `asjhjrbigraveas jh `a brah sdhfmhigravea nj `a jvm`uidugraveh Jh su mrdbjh jsmsc`mqujs njfmrljs nj lasas im`msa`js smh lahdpu`anms pmrjsms prmyjitdstas jh j` `acmratmrdm uhdvjrsa` trahsfmrlahnm`a latjrda dlpmhnjrac`j jh pmhnjrac`j J``ms `m gaijhrjtdrahnm nj` a`laiaumlh uhdvjrsa` `ms rjiursms jhjrbaumltdimspara ta` fih

frac12Quauml pmnjr js jstj quj imlpmrta talantildea fujrzaiapaz nj njsp`azar miaumlahms y jrdbdr lmhtantildeas= frac12Iuaacutehtasimhlmidmhjs vdm`jhtas fujrmh hjijsardas para quj j` p`ahjtajstuvdjra jh as ljemrjs imhndidmhjs para a`cjrbar a` jspigraverdtujh jvm`uidugraveh= Luigms ndraacuteh quj jsa fujrza js `a Hatura`jzasdh jlcarbm smh `ms jspigraverdtus purms qudjhjs immrndhah jsmsprmijsms y fujrzas caem jstrditms imlahnms y imhndidmhah

`ms dhhuljrac`js p`ahjtas para aimbjr jspigraverdtus jhiarhanms mnjsjhiarhanms Jh hujstrm iasm njspuaumls nj `a ab`mljraidugravehffiuigravendia j` mrcj tjrrjhm tmnavigravea hm jstaacute prjparanm paraa`cjrbar `a vdna ta` imlm `a imhmijlms

[ara njtjrldhar uha uhdnan bjmirmhm`ugravebdia nj `a^djrra y mctjhjr uha hmidugraveh rj`atdva a su fmrlaidugraveh sjrja`dza uha jstdlaidugraveh a travaumls nj uha dhspjiidugraveh nj sus

jxtraitms jxaldhahnm `ms njpugravesdtms suijsdvms supjrpujstmsAha`dzahnm jsms pjrigravemnms bjm`ugravebdims mcsjrvalms quj`a ^djrra ga pasanm pmr vardas fasjs jh su fmrlaidugraveh Jsasfasjs m trahsfmrlaidmhjs fujrmh sjiu`arjs pmr `m tahtm

trasiurrdjrmh imh `jhtdtun `m quj ``jvugrave a quj `ms j`jljhtmsquj imhstdtuyjh j` b`mcm sj jqud`dcrasjh pau`atdhaljhtja`iahzahnm `a pmsdidugraveh njsjana jxijptuahnm j` pjrigravemnmnd`uvdahm nmhnj j` ialcdm fuj laacutes sotildecdtm A` jxaldhar `asiapas bjm`ugravebdias sj pujnj afirlar nj lahjra luy ijriahaa `a rja`dnan sd jstas zmhas jstacah miupanas pmr lar `abmscmsqujs p`ahdidjs m pmc`anms pmr ahdla`js tjrrjstrjs [mrimhsdbudjhtj ms jxtraitms supjrpujstms dhndiah uha prujcadhj`undc`j nj sd `a zmha smpmr tugrave m hm vdna prdldtdva

Vjalms imh laacutes njtjhdldjhtm sjbotildeh a Baumlhjsds dcrm nj`a Imndfiiaidugraveh Jspigraver dta nms fujrmh as iausas quj favmrjidjrmh`ms ialcdms jh `a fmrlaidugraveh nj `a ^djrra5 j` fujbm y j` abuaJ` prdljrm a travaumls nj` guhndldjhtm nj `ms suj`ms pmr `afujrza nj` fujbm jh `as jrupidmhjs vm`iaacutehdias quj jlpuearmhj` abua a zmhas dhfjrdmrjs A imhtdhuaidugraveh `a sjbuhna iausa j`abua aituugrave imh drrupidmhjs njscmrnaldjhtms dhuhnaidmhjsy aiulu`aidmhjs nj tdjrras jh `as njsjlcmianuras nj `msrigravems jxpu`sahnm `a lar y irjahnm hujvms tjrrdtmrdms

Jh j` jstanm prdldtdvm nj` b`mcm `ms aigataldjhtmsnj `ms pm`ms nj `a ^djrra smh dhndidms nj quj jh sus dhdidmsjstuvm jh jstanm ffiuigravendim jstanm quj punm njcjrsj a quj `alatjrda a` prdhidpdm jstuvdjra `diuana pmr `a aiidugraveh nj` fujbmm nd`udna pmr j` abua J` ia`mr jh j` dhtjrdmr nj `a ^djrra `asfujhtjs tjrla`js fujbms lasas fuhndnas jsiupdnas pmr `ms

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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1 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull BAumlHJYDY [AHJ^ASDM

vm`iahjs `as brdjtas fmrlanas pmr `ms tjlc`mrjs nj tdjrrashm njeah nuna nj su dhtjrdmr igravebhjm nj jsj lmnm rjsu`ta`ugravebdim quj su jstanm pastmsm mrdbdhardm njcj gacjr tjhdnmimlm iausa prdlmrnda` j` ia`mr y hm j` abua [mr `m tahtmjh su mrdbjh `a ^djrra fuj uha lasa dhiahnjsijhtj quj aimhsjiujhida nj a randaidugraveh ia`ugraverdia sj jhfrdugrave nj fujra gaidanjhtrm fmrlahnm uha imrtjza jh su supjrfiidj ldjhtras sudhtjrdmr pjrlahjij ffiudnm

^mnm jh j` prdhidpdm js imhfusdugraveh jh uha aparjhtjsdtuaidugraveh iaugravetdia nmhnj `as jhjrbigraveas sj jhfrigraveah luy`jhtaljhtj Njsnj `a fmrlaidugraveh tjrrjha `ms aacutetmlms smh`ms ldslms hd uhm laacutes hd uhm ljhms pjrm a imhsjiujhida

nj` jhfrdaldjhtm sj fmrlarmh hujvas imlcdhaidmhjs ^mnmsaquj``ms j`jljhtms susijptdc`js nj vm`atd`dzarsj pasarmha jstanm basjmsm a njhsdnan nj tmnms jsms basjs jhsuspjhsdugraveh imhfjrigravea uha mpaidnan ta` quj hm pjhjtraca `a`uz nj` sm` sdjhnm dhiapaz nj mfrjijr ialpm faumlrtd` a `a vdna

J` prdljr jfjitm nj` jhfrdaldjhtm y prmnuitm ndrjitmnj `a sm`dndfiiaidugraveh nj `a supjrfiidj jxtjrdmr quj iaraitjrdzaj` pjrigravemnm prdlardm fuj `a fmrlaidugraveh nj` brahdtm Jsaimhnjhsaidugraveh nj `ms ljta`js fmrlugrave `a imstra sm`dndfiiananj` b`mcm quj iucrj partj nj `a supjrfiidj p`ahjtarda y jsimhsdnjrana j` jsquj`jtm tjrrjhm

J` sjbuhnm jfjitm fuj `a `diujfaiidugraveh nj `ms vapmrjs quj

sj prjidpdtarmh smcrj j` suj`m Yj prmnuejrmh `uvdas nj ljta`jsquj iausarmh fisuras vjtas y fi`mhjs jh j` brahdtm iausahnmnjsimlpmsdidmhjs suijsdvas Idi`ms dhdhtjrrulpdnms njprjidpdtaidmhjs y jvapmraidmhjs prmpdidarmh `a caeana nj `a

tjlpjratura Ahaacuterqudia ljzi`a nj j`jljhtms iaraitjr dzugravejsj pjrigravemnm prdlardm nmhnj imlm ya sj jxp`diugrave hdhbotildeh sjrvdvm punm jxdstdr

Jh j` pjrigravemnm nj trahsdidugraveh j` pjqujntildem jspjsmr nj`a imrtjza brahigravetdia prmpmridmhaca uha naumlcd` rjsdstjhidaAcuhnahtjs nd`ataidmhjs y njsp`azaldjhtms pjrldtdjrmhquj `a `ava dhtjrdmr sj trahscmrnara J` adrj fuj `dcjrahnm`as latjrdas laacutes pjsanas pmr prjidpdtaidugraveh sdjhnm aumlstas

arrastranas y ndsuj`tas jh j` abua quj pmsjigravea pmiaprmfuhndnan y iucrigravea iasd tmna `a supjrfiidj

Jh jsj tdjlpm `ms jhtjs cdm`ugravebdims tmnavigravea hm jxdstigraveah

nj lmnm quj aumlstms gah tjhdnm aquigrave uh imldjhzm ms sjrjsvdvms jstaacuteh suejtms a dhhuljrac`js vdidsdtunjs uha irjaidugravehjhtjra pmnrigravea qujnar imlprmljtdna nurahtj su jvm`uidugravehpmr iua`qudjr faitmr anvjrsm `m quj rjfujrza `a prjvdsdugraveh njNdms y sus arqudtjitms a` irjar rjspjtahnm j` prmijsm njjvm`uidugraveh hatura` `a p`ura`dnan nj `ms faitmrjs cdugravetdims

ms iatai`dslms tuvdjrmh `ubar njsnj j` mrdbjh nj `a^djrra lmndfiiahnm `as imhndidmhjs para `a imhsjrvaidugravehnj `a vdna j gdidjrmh njsaparjijr bjhjraidmhjs jhtjras njsjrjs vdvms Js luy dlpmr tahtj tjhjr jh iujhta quj njhtrmnj jstms idi`ms pjrdugravendims jxdstjh sucpjrigravemnms hm mcstahtj`as jras hmrla`ljhtj jstundanas smh `as quj prjsjhtah uha

a`tjraidugraveh laacutes njstaiac`jJh jsj pjrigravemnm imljhzarmh a fmrlarsj `ms jxtraitms

nj tjrrjhms sjndljhtardms pmr j` arrastrj nj `as abuasiarbanas nj `dlm y latjrda`js ndvjrsms anjiuanms a `a vdnamrbaacutehdia Aparjidjrmh `ms prdljrms sjrjs vdvms nj` rjdhmvjbjta` nj mrbahdzaidugraveh rundljhtarda `ms `igravequjhjs lusbmssjtas gj`jigms y p`ahtas gjrcaacuteijas a `a par quj `ms ahdla`jsnj mrbahdzaidugraveh pmim imlp`jea Jstms sjrjs jxi`usdvaljhtjlardhms smh imhmidnms imlm zmugravefitms randanms pm`igravepjrmslaacutes tarnj aparjidjrmh `ms irustaacuteijms y `ms pjijs

J` bas iarcugravehdim njcdnm a su brah iahtdnan fuj uha nj`as otilde`tdlas sustahidas quj j` adrj purdfiiugrave Jsj bas asmidanm

imh `a aiidugraveh nj` ia`mr y `a guljnan prmpdidugrave j` alcdjhtjdnugravehjm a` surbdldjhtm nj `as p`ahtas iucrdjhnm raacutepdnaljhtj`a supjrfiidj imh vjbjtaidugraveh acuhnahtj y jxucjrahtj a`

tdjlpm quj `as p`ahtas aiuaacutetdias talcdaumlh sj lu`tdp`diarmhA imhsjiujhida nj` njsp`azaldjhtm nj` abua quj sjbuigraveasu idi`m hatura` `ms tjrrjhms fujrmh dhuhnanms y iucdjrtmspmr sjndljhtms nj ta` lmnm quj vardas bjhjraidmhjsa`tjrhanaljhtj jstuvdjrmh smljtdnas a sjquigravea y rjpmc`aidugravehahdqud`anms y rjhmvanms nj fmrla iigravei`dia

Jh j` pjrigravemnm sjiuhnardm `a vjbjtaidugraveh im`msa` y `msahdla`js njsaparjijh njcdnm a `ms iatai`dslms y a` ialcdmnj imhndidmhjs atlmsfaumlrdias iaraitjrdzanms pmr brahnjs

`jvahtaldjhtms y jrupidmhjs vm`iaacutehdias Jh jsa aumlpmia `avjbjtaidugraveh irjij njspaidm pmr `a ndsldhuidugraveh nj` ia`mry `a guljnan ms ahdla`js smh tmnavigravea aiuaacutetdims surbjh

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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11BAumlHJYDY [AHJ^ASDM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

`ms ahficdms y sj njstaia jh jsa jra `a apardidugraveh nj brahnjsrjptd`js Jh jsj pjrigravemnm `a vdna ahdla` a`iahzugrave uh jhmrljnjsarrm``m imlm gacigravea miurrdnm imh `a vjbjtaidugraveh jh j`pjrigravemnm ahtjrdmr J` adrj laacutes purdfiianm pjrldtdugrave quj `msahdla`js vdvdjsjh smcrj `a ^djrra Njsaparjijh `ms ahdla`jsaiuaacutetdims bdbahtjsims sustdtudnms pmr ahdla`js ahaacute`mbms pjrmlaacutes prmpmridmhanms y nj talantildem laacutes rjnuidnm

Jh j` pjrigravemnm tjridardm j` jstanm alcdjhta` ialcdahujvaljhtj prmpdidahnm imhndidmhjs nj vdta`dnan quj sjaprmxdlah a` jstanm aitua` aparjidjhnm hujvas jspjidjs imhmrbahdzaidugraveh laacutes pjrfjita y quj sj anaptah a `a hatura`jzanj` ljndm nmhnj smh ``alanms a vdvdr Agmra `a jhvm`tura

nj `a imstra tjrrjstrj tdjhj laymr jspjsmr prmpmridmhahnmuha imhsdnjrac`j rjsdstjhida a `a aiidugraveh nj` fujbm dhtjrdmrNj fmrla hm sdlu`taacutehja sj fmrlarmh `ms pdims y ianjhasnj lmhtantildeas `m quj miasdmhugrave quj `a supjrfiidj nj` suj`m sjvm`vdjra njsdbua` y quj `as abuas fujrah jlpueanas a zmhasdhfjrdmrjs trahsfmrlahnm j` aspjitm nj` b`mcm

J` pjrigravemnm nd`uvdahm jstaacute larianm pmr j` laymriatai`dslm nj` p`ahjta pmr tmnas partjs qujnah sjntildea`jsnj ta`js imhvu`sdmhjs as abuas dhvandjrmh `ms imhtdhjhtjslmndfiiahnm randia`ljhtj j` pahmrala gasta jhtmhijsjxdstjhtj y `ms pm`ms imljhzarmh a iucrdrsj nj gdj`mfmrlahnm `ms b`aidarjs `m iua` apuhta a quj gucm uhsdbhdfiiatdvm ialcdm nj tjlpjratura b`mca` ^mnms `msga``azbms idjhtigravefiims ``jvah a pjhsar quj jsj ialcdm fujcrusim

Zha vjz rjstac`jidnm j` jqud`dcrdm `ms ahdla`js y `msvjbjta`js rjtmlarmh su iursm jvm`utdvm Zha atlugravesfjra laacutes`dlpda nj basjs pjrldtdugrave quj `ms rayms nj` Ym` `a atravjsasjhJ` suj`m lmstrugrave hujvaljhtj uhas imhndidmhjs favmrac js yjstac`js a` njsarrm``m nj a vdna mrbahdzana smcrj a supjrfiidja ^djrra sj pmc`aca imh ahdla`js laacutes smidac`js y ljhmsfjrmijs `ms vjbjta`js prmpdidacah uha a`dljhtaidugraveh laacutessuavj y `dbjra Fuj sm`aljhtj jhtmhijs iuahnm tmnms `msfaitmrjs alcdjhta`js rjsu`tarmh anjiuanms para `a apardidugravehnj` gmlcrj smcrj j` mrcj

Hm gacigravea imhndidmhjs nj vdta`dnan para j` gmlcrj jh`ms pjrigravemnms ahtjrdmrjs sdh jlcarbm gay njsiucrdldjhtmsrjidjhtjs quj parjijh imhfirlar quj a`botildeh jspaumlidljh

jxdstigravea ahtjs nj` pjrigravemnm nd`uvdahm pjrm `m idjrtm js qujsu prm`dfjraidugraveh smcrj `a ^djrra imljhzugrave a jscmzarsj imhalp`dtun jh j` pjrigravemnm pmsnd`uvdahm Jh a Baumlhjsds sj pujnjjhimhtrar5 laquoJsj pjrigravemnm (pmsnd`uvdahm) pujnj iaraitjrdzarsjpmr `a prjsjhida nj` gmlcrj jh `a ^djrraiquest Yubjrdlms `a`jitura nj` iapigravetu`m W nj` ldslm `dcrm nmhnj sj jxp`dia `afmrlaidugraveh dhdida` nj `ms sjrjs vdvms bjhjraidugraveh jspmhtaacutehjajsia`a nj `ms sjrjs mrbaacutehdims y j` gmlcrj imrpmra`

Ld``arjs nj antildems smh dlprjsidhndc`js para quj ianafasj pjrsdba su jstacd`dnan smh hjijsardas rjvm`uidmhjsbjhjra`js y parida`js nj` b`mcm para a`iahzar j` aspjitmaitua` prmpdidahnm nj jsj lmnm `ms alcdjhtjs rjqujrdnms a

`a jvm`uidugraveh nj `a vdna mnms `ms pjrigravemnms fujrmh hjijsardmspara quj `ms sjrjs vdvms jvm`uidmhasjh sdjhnm j` sjr gulahmj` aacutepdij nj jsj njsarrm``m

a ^djrra fuj prjparana para quj j` gmlcrj tuvdjra`as ljemrjs imhndidmhjs nj supjrvdvjhida iuahnm ``jbara j`lmljhtm nj miupar tjlpmra`ljhtj jstj p`ahjta para a

travaumls nj `a jhiarhaidugraveh jejrijr sus faiu`tanjs nj jspigraverdtudhlmrta` Iuahnm vuj`va a` luhnm jspdrdtua` nj nmhnj jsmrdbdhardm j` jspigraverdtu pmnraacute miupar nj aiujrnm a su hdvj`jvm`utdvm mtrms luhnms talcdaumlh prjparanms para sunjsarrm``m nmhnj sjbudraacute su fmrlaidugraveh

Ld``arjs nj antildems smh dlprjsidhndc`js paraquj iana fasj pjrsdba su jstacd`dnan smhhjijsardas rjvm`uidmhjs bjhjra`js y parida`jsnj` b`mcm para a`iahzar j` aspjitm aitua`prmpdidahnm nj jsj lmnm `ms alcdjhtjsrjqujrdnms a `a jvm`uidugraveh nj `a vdna

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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13 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull A JVMZIDMH AHIgraveLDIA

A JVMZIDMH AHIgraveLDIA

Dhbjhdjrm Dhnustrda` Ndvu`banmr jspigraverdta y rjnaitmr nj` pjrdugravendim J` Aacutehbj`nj` Cdjh puc`dianm pmr j` I J ‐Jhtrj j` Idj`m y a djrraldquo nj Yah Lartigravehnj Va`njdb`jsdas (Lanrdn)

Emsauml Dbhaidm Lmnaldm

Hana pjrlahjij jstaidmhardm jh `a Hatura`jza tmnm jvm`uidmha jh iulp`dldjhtm nj `a jy nj [rmbrjsma travaumls nj `a rjjhiarhaidugraveh y nj `ms ljiahdslms njanaptaidugraveh y gjrjhida Jh iana jhiarhaidugraveh dhtjbralms`a gjrjhida figravesdim-dhstdhtdva nj hujstrms panrjs imh `agjrjhida nj hujstras imhqudstas fisdmpsdimsmlaacutetdias njjxdstjhidas pasanas dhtjbranas jh hujstrm pjrdjspigraverdtupjrldtdaumlhnmhms njsarrm``ar hujvas iapaidnanjs yiaraitjrigravestdias dha`iahzac`js gasta jsj lmljhtm

a jxpjrdjhida jh tmnas `as jtapas nj `a jvm`uidugraveh

js j` lmtmr quj j`acmra `a aitdvdnan rjffijea (j` rjffijem)quj prjijnjraacute a` dhstdhtm (autmlatdzaidugraveh) quj a su vjzprjijnjraacute a `a aitdvdnan rjffijxdva quj sjraacute `a casj nj `adhtj`dbjhida jh su ialdhm gaida `a imhidjhida nj sigrave ldslm y`a rjspmhsacd`dnan lmra`

Bacrdj` Nj`ahhj jh su `dcrm a jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldia hmsndij5 laquo mnms ms ialcdms quj sj mcsjrvah jh a Hatura`jzahm tdjhjh sdhm uh mcejtm5 j` prmbrjsm nj` Jspigraverdtuiquest J`jstundm nj a jy nj [rmbrjsm hms pjrldtj imhi`udr quj hanamiurrj jh `a Hatura`jza pmr iasua`dnan Iana anaptaidugravehsj prmyjita jh j` p`ahm jxtra-figravesdim para iulp`drsj jh j`p`ahm figravesdim jh iulp`dldjhtm nj `a jy Hatura` para j` cdjh

nj tmnas `as irdaturas jh vdrtun nj `a brah jy nj Zhdnanquj rdbj `a Irjaidugraveh^mnm jvm`uidmha jh `a Irjaidugraveh tahtm `m

pjrtjhjidjhtj a` aacutelcdtm nj `a latjrda prmvjhdjhtj pmr tahtm nj` [rdhidpdm Latjr da` m F`udnm Iugravesldim Zhdvjrsa`imlm `m pjrtjhjidjhtj a` aacutelcdtm jspdrdtua` prmvjhdjhtjnj` [rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj quj ahdla tmnm `m irjanm J`[rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj js `a jxprjsdugraveh nj `a atraiidugraveh jh j`ldhjra` a sjhsaidugraveh jh `m vjbjta` j` dhstdhtm jh j` ahdla` j`razmhaldjhtm jh j` gmlcrj y `m ndvdhm jh j` jspigraverdtu purm(vjr apar tanm ‐Autmlatdslm y gjrjhidaldquo jh `dcrm Jvm`uidugravehjh nms luhnms Igdim Wavdjr) Ndigm nj mtrm lmnm5 j`[rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj jh j` vjbjta` aprjhnj a njsarrm``ar `msdhstdhtms Jh j` ahdla` ya imh `ms dhstdhtms njsarrm``anmsprmbrjsa njsarrm``ahnm `a dhtj`dbjhida Jh j` gmlcrj njdhtj`dbjhida njspdjrta su prmbrjsm prdhidpa` sj njsarrm``araacute

jh j` ialpm nj` sjhtdldjhtm T jh j` sjr supjrdmr im`lanmnj sjhtdldjhtms suc`dljs imhtdhuaraacute su njsarrm``m gaida`igraveldtjs dhsmspjiganms nj imhidjhida jspdrdtua` a`iahzahnm`ms p`ahms supjrdmrjs nj `a Irjaidugraveh jh uhdugraveh imh Ndms

a mcsjrvaidugraveh hms njlujstra quj nj` ldslm lmnmquj j` dhstdhtm jh j` ahdla` js nj `a ldsla hatura`jza qujjh j` gmlcrj su dhtj`dbjhida y sjhtdldjhtm talcdaumlh `m smhy varigraveah sugrave`m jh j` branm nj njsarrm``m Bacrdj` Nj`ahhjjh su `dcrm a jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldia ndij5 laquo`a hatura`jzapjhsahtj nj uhm y nj` mtrm js nj` ldslm mrnjh y hm

ndfijrjh jh jsjhida sdhm jh branm nj lahdfjstaidugraveh y jstmjs prjidsaljhtj `m quj jvdnjhidah idjrtas faiu`tanjs nj`ms ahdla`js ta`js imlm `a atjhidugraveh j` eudidm j` raidmidhdm`a asmidaidugraveh nj dnjas `a ljlmrda y `a dlabdhaidugravehiquest (paacuteb4) Anjlaacutes njlujstra talcdaumlh laquoquj `ms sjhtdldjhtmslmra`js ta`js imlm j` rjlmrndldjhtm j` sjhtdnm lmra``a hmidugraveh nj `m eustm y nj `m dheustm jtiaumltjra sj ga``ah jhbjrljh jh tmnms `ms ahdla`jsiquest (paacuteb 2)

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aparjhta jstar tmnavigravea laacutes ijria nj `a ahdla`dnan quj njsu vjrnanjra pmsdidugraveh jh `a gulahdnanms dhstdhtms casanms tmnms j``ms jh `a jy Hatura`

huhia sj jqudvmiah pjrm imh j` njsarrm``m nj `adhtj`dbjhida njrdvah imlotildehljhtj a` prdhidpdm jh pasdmhjsa travaumls nj` acusm pmr jbmigraveslm imhsjiujhida nj` dhstdhtmnj imhsjrvaidugraveh Vah ijndjhnm su dhffiujhida imhfmrljsj njsarrm``ah `ms sjhtdldjhtms y pmr j``m `a hatura`jzadlprdlj ya jh j` ahdla` j` sjhtdldjhtm nj` almr caemsus fmrlas laacutes guld`njs y rundljhtardas a travaumls nj `alatjrhdnan

Jh hujstrm jstanm aitua` jvm`utdvm tmnavigravea hm

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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19A JVMZIDMH AHIgraveLDIA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

hms pjrldtdraacute aprmxdlarhms a` imhmidldjhtm nj `as jtapasahtjrdmrjs y pmstjrdmrjs a su fmrlaidugraveh Imlprjhnjlmsquj j` [rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj jvm`uidmha a travaumls nj `msprdljrms trjs rjdhms imhstdtuyjhnm jh j` pjrdjspigraverdtu miujrpm jspdrdtua` tmnms `ms prmijsms hjijsardms para `avdna mrbaacutehdia `ms dhstdhtms y fiha`ljhtj `a vdna dhtj`jitua`imhsidjhtj J` pjrdjspigraverdtu lmnj`a j` iujrpm figravesdim y js j`vjgigraveiu`m nj trahsldsdugraveh nj `ms avahijs mctjhdnms a travaumlsnj as suijsdvas rjjhiarhaidmhjs nj` a`la pmr ms ndfjrjhtjsrjdhms jh uh prmijsm nj dhndvdnua`dzaidugraveh prmbrjsdva

pmr j` iua` sj vuj`vj dhndvdsdc`j gasta a`iahzar j` rjdhmgmldha` rjidcdjhnm `a igdspa ndvdha m [rdhidpdm Ndvdhm (vjriapigravetu`m DDD nj Jvm`uidugraveh jh nms luhnms nj Igdim Wavdjr)jlpjzahnm uha hujva jtapa nmhnj sjraacute rjspmhsac`j njsus aiidmhjs imlm imhsjiujhida nj `a anqudsdidugraveh nj` `dcrja`cjnrigravem j` sjhtdnm lmra` `a imhidjhida nj sigrave ldslm y njsu pasanm jh cusia nj `as faiu`tanjs jspdrdtua`js quj `jgacd`dtjh para `a imhqudsta nj` prugravexdlm rjdhm j` ahbauml`dim

ms jspigraverdtus smh irjanms sdlp`js j dbhmrahtjs `mquj sdbhdfiia quj a` prdhidpdm tmnms smlms iarjhtjs njimhmidldjhtms y tjhjlms dnaumlhtdia aptdtun para prmbrjsarljndahtj hujstra aitdvdnan dhndvdnua` Hm rjidcdlms pmr

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tmnas sus irdaturas a travaumls nj `a brah jy nj Zhdnan qujrdbj j` Zhdvjrsm nmhnj hm sj njsprjida j` jsfujrzm nj `alaacutes ligravehdla nj j``as jh su `uiga pmr a`iahzar su njstdhm`a pjrfjiidugraveh nj` Jspigraverdtu euhtm a Ndms Nj jsta fmrla j`Cdjh acsm`utm sj pujnj njfihdr pmr j` iulp`dldjhtm nj `as

`jyjs hatura`js `as iua`js tmnas j``as hms ``jvah gaida Ndmsldjhtras quj j` la` sjrigravea `a j`jiidugraveh nj tmnm aquj``m qujhms rjtrasj

Cdc`dmbrafigravea

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WAVDJS FI Jvm`uidugraveh jh nms luhnms _Jh `igravehja5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjs

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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1gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AY JY[JIDJY NJYNJ J [ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A

JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AYJY[JIDJY NJYNJ J

[ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A

Imljrida` Js ldjlcrm fuhnanmr nj` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta ‐A``ah Oarnjildquo njLaacute`aba njsnj gaij 14 antildems Ga partdidpanm imh a`buhas pmhjhidas jhjvjhtms jspdrdtas Safaj` Ardas

A``ah Oarnji jh J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus hms ndij quj

`ms sjrjs mrbaacutehdims tdjhjh jh sigrave uha fujrza igravehtdla qujprmnuij j` fjhugraveljhm nj `a vdna ldjhtras quj jsa fujrzajxdstj quj `a vdna latjrda` js imlotildeh a tmnms `ms sjrjsmrbaacutehdims y quj j``a js dhnjpjhndjhtj nj `a dhtj`dbjhiday nj` pjhsaldjhtm quj `a dhtj`dbjhida y j` pjhsaldjhtmsmh faiu`tanjs prmpdas nj idjrtas jspjidjs mrbaacutehdias y qujjhtrj `as jspjidjs mrbaacutehdias nmtanas nj dhtj`dbjhida y njpjhsaldjhtm gay uha nmtana nj uh sjhtdnm lmra` jspjida`quj `j na dhimhtjstac`j supjrdmrdnan smcrj `as mtras js `ajspjidj gulaha a prjbuhta gt nj J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus hms ndij5 laquotmnm sj jhianjha jh `a hatura`jza njsnj j`aacutetmlm a` ariaacutehbj` quj a su vjz talcdaumlh imljhzugrave jh j`aacutetmlmiquest

jugraveh Njhds nj mtra fmrla laacutes pmaumltdia hms ndijjh su mcra J` prmc`jla nj` sjr nj` njstdhm y nj` nm`mr5 laquoj`jspigraverdtu nujrlj jh j` ldhjra` sujntildea jh j` vjbjta` sj abdtajh j` ahdla` y njspdjrta jh j` gmlcrjiquest [arjij dhndiarimh jstas afirlaidmhjs quj a`bm nj hmsmtrms pasugrave pmr `msndfjrjhtjs rjdhms nj `a hatura`jza ms sjrjs mrbaacutehdims smh`ms quj tdjhjh jh sigrave uha fujhtj nj aitdvdnan igravehtdla quj `jsna `a vdna Haijh irjijh sj rjprmnuijh y lujrjh Ymh

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latjrda smh dhnjpjhndjhtjs pujs uh iujrpm pujnj vdvdr sdhdhtj`dbjhida pjrm aumlsta sugrave`m pujnj lahdfjstarsj pmr ljndmnj `ms ugraverbahms latjrda`js y js hjijsarda `a uhdugraveh imh j`

jspigraverdtu para nar dhtj`dbjhida a `a latjr da ahdla`dzanaiquest

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Sjdhm ldhjra`

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nj `a latjrda sj pujnj njidr quj ya jxdstj j` prdhidpdmrjjhiarhatmrdm jh aiidugraveh

Dhtjrljndaidugraveh nj` rjdhm ldhjra` imh j` vjbjta`

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laquo^mnm sj jhianjha jh `a hatura`jza njsnj j` aacutetmlm a` ariaacutehbj` quj a su vjz talcdaumlh

imljhzugrave jh j` aacutetmlmiquest (A Oarnji)

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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1JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AY JY[JIDJY NJYNJ J [ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

Bacrdj` Nj`ahhj jh `a mcra a jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldia hmsdhfmrla aijria nj quj j` irdsta` js iasd uh sjr vdvdjhtjHatura`ljhtj hm sj hms miurrj pjhsar jh uha dhtj`dbjhidaprmpda nj a latjrda auhquj j` idjhtigravefiim Ejah Jld`j Igarmhndem quj j` imlpmr taldjhtm nj `as par tigraveiu`as dhtjratugraveldiasrjvj`a vdna dhidpdjhtj Nj `m quj pundlms aprjhnjr imh

`ms idtanms autmrjs sj pmnrigravea njnuidr quj j` prdhidpdmdhtj`dbjhtj sj jejridta jh j` rjdhm ldhjra` jxpjrdljhtahnmjxaitaljhtj iaraitjrigravestdias imlm `a imlcdhaidugraveh quigraveldianj `ms j`jljhtms caacutesdims `a jstruitura irdsta`dha jh qujjsa imlcdhaidugraveh js anqudrdna y `as trahsfmrlaidmhjs quj `ahatura`jza y j` gmlcrj jejrijh smcrj jsj rjsu`tanm Jstarigraveanj jsa fmrla prjparaacutehnmsj para imhtdhuar su emrhana jhj` rjdhm vjbjta` tjrrjstrj

Irjjr quj `ms ldhjra`js hm jvm`uidmhah pmr `m qujpmnjlms vjr jh `ms jxdstjhtjs jh hujstrm p`ahjta jsdbhmrar `a imhstdtuidugraveh nj `ms luhnms jh `as ndfjrjhtjsjtapas jvm`utdvas J` gjigm nj quj `ms ldhjra`js hm

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Sjdhm vjbjta`

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iacm idjrtms prmijsms quj `js pjrldtjh mctjhjr mxigravebjhmy hutrdjhtjs j`dldhar sustahidas m rj`aidmharsj imh sualcdjhtj as p`ahtas dbua` quj ms ahdla`js tdjhjh ugraverbahmsquj iulp`jh jsas fuhidmhjs J` prdhidpdm jspdrdtua` pasajhtmhijs a vdvjhidar `as jxpjrdjhidas jh `ms vjbjta`js laacutesimlp`jems ljemr jstruituranms Agigrave tjhnraacute quj anqudrdr`a iapaidnan nj rjaiidmhar ahtj iua`qudjr ialcdm jxtjrdmry pmstjrdmrljhtj `a faiu`tan nj sjhtdr iaptar y rjbdstrar`as a`tjraidmhjs nj` ljndm quj `j rmnja imhqudstas nj`prdhidpdm jspdrdtua` jh su rjimrrdnm pmr j` rjdhm vjbjta`Njspuaumls nj dnjhtdfiiarsj imh `ms vdrus imhtdhuaraacute jh `ascaitjrdas rundljhtardas `as a`bas uhdij`u`arjs y `as a`basp`urdij`u`arjs

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auml` sj jhiujhtra laacutes aijhtuana5 imbj nj` ljndm alcdjhtjsu a`dljhtaidugraveh Imlm `ms ahdla`js `as p`ahtas haijhvdvjh irjijh sj hutrjh rjspdrah sj rjprmnuijh y lujrjhImlm aquj``ms talcdaumlh j``as hjijsdtah nj `uz nj ia`mry nj abua sj atrmfiah y lujrjh iuahnm `js fa`tah jsmsj`jljhtms a acsmridugraveh nj uh adrj vdidanm y nj sucstahidasnj`jtaumlrjas `as jhvjhjha Mfrjijh imlm iaraacuteitjr ndstdhtdvmlaacutes aijhtuanm imhsjrvarsj prjsas a` suj`m y imbjr nj auml``a hutrdidugraveh sdh lmvjrsj

Dhtjrljndaidugraveh jhtrj j` vjbjta` y j` ahdla`

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Sjdhm ahdla`

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a imhndidugraveh quj iaraitjrdzarigravea j` prdhidpdm jspdrdtua`jh jsta fasj sjrigravea `a anqudsdidugraveh nj` dhstdhtm a` prdhidpdm jh`ms ahdla`js dhfjrdmrjs castahtj sdlp`js [mstjrdmrljhtjjh `ms laligravefjrms pmr `ms ugraverbahms laacutes cdjh tracaeanms sj

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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16 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AY JY[JIDJY NJYNJ J [ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A

prjsjhtarigravea imh laacutes a`ta y purdfiiana jfiidjhida prjparahnmpara laacutes anj`ahtj dhbrjsar jh j` rjdhm nj `a razugraveh Js pmr

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( Njhds)

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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12AZ^MLA^DYLM T [JSDJY[IgraveSD^Z bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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(Carij`mha) y uh jhtusdasta tracaeanmr y ndvu`banmr nj `a NmitrdhaJspigraverdta

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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17 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull AZ^MLA^DYLM T [JSDJY[IgraveSD^Z

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T tmnm j``m sdjlprj ga sdnm a casj nj jxpjrdjhidasjsfujrzms sairdfiidms y aprjhndzaejs anqudrdnms nurahtjld`jhms nj prujcas nj ‐sufrdldjhtmldquo nj jhtrjhaldjhtmnj rjpjtdidmhjs y nj laacutes rjpjtdidmhjs irjahnm imh j`pasm nj` tdjlpm uha sjrdj nj autmlatdslms cdm`ugravebdims

nj njfjhsa nj supjrvdvjhida y nj dhluhdnan quj sjnd-ljhtarmh jh j` iujrpm astra` nj` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj

J` prmijsm jvm`utdvm pmr tahtm hm ga sdnm sugrave`m uhpasm nj uhas fmrlas a mtras Js luigm laacutes5 sdbhdfiia uhigravehtdlm pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm nj fuhidmhjs psigravequdias y nj asimrrjspmhndjhtjs jstruituras astra`jsfigravesdias quj pjrld- tjh jxprjsar`as njsnj `as laacutes sdlp`js fmrlas a `ms mr-bahdslms laacutes imlp`jems nmhnj `as faiu`tanjs rundljh- tardas sj njsjhvm`vdjrmh suijsdvaljhtj aituahnm smcrjjsa jstruitura jxtrafigravesdia lmndfiiaacutehnm`a y njeahnm jhj``a jh iana pasm y jh iana jtapa ms trazms y sjntildea`js nj`prmbrjsm rja`dzanm

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Nj jstj lmnm `jjlms jh j` iap gt nj Jvm`uidugraveh jhnms luhnms quj laquoj` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj p`aslugrave jh suprmpdm vjgigraveiu`m nj jxtjrdmrdzaidugraveh `as imhqudstas qujfuhnaljhtah su irjidldjhtm faiu`tahnm imh j` trahsiur-sm nj` tdjlpm j` autmlatdslm fisdm`ugravebdim pmr j` iua` sdhhdhbotildeh mcstaacuteiu`m jejiuta tmnms `ms aitms prdlardms nj`a lahutjhidugraveh prjsjrvaidugraveh y rjhmvaidugraveh nj su prmpdavdnaiquest Jstj autmlatdslm prjsjhtj jh `as fuhidmhjs fisdm-`ugravebdias js j` rjsu`tanm nj `a sula nj jxpjrdjhidas nj`prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj jh su iujrpm astra` a travaumls nj `mssdb`ms Asigrave pujs fmrlanm nurahtj ld`js nj antildems jh `ms ta``jrjs nj `a hatura`jza j` pjrdjspigraverdtu gjrjnugrave j` autm-

latdslm pjrlahjhtj quj `m lahtdjhj aituahtj braidas

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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14AZ^MLA^DYLM T [JSDJY[IgraveSD^Z bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

Js njidr quj j` sjr gulahm pmr su pjrdjspigraverdtu jspmsjjnmr pmr asigrave njidr`m nj uha ‐ljlmrda cdm`ugravebdialdquo(ahatugraveldia y fisdm`ugravebdia) quj sj ga dnm imhstruyjhnmpaidjhtjljhtj jh tmna `a asijhsdugraveh nj` prdhidpdm jspd-rdtua` pmr `a jsia`a zmm`ugravebdia nj `a vdna mrbaacutehdia jh `aquj jh jsa jstruitura jxtrafigravesdia dhnjfihdna rundljhtarday almrfa jh `ms sjrjs dhdida`js y quj jh j` sjr gulahmsj imhsm`dna imlm j` pjrdjspigraverdtu sj gah fieanm tmnms`ms rjiursms cjhjfiidms ljiahdslms y `jyjs nj jsa vdnamrbaacutehdia nj supjrvdvjhida y nj anaptaidugraveh y quj gmy sj

jhiujhtrah pjrfjitaljhtj jstruituranms y njfihdnms jhj` sjr gulahm y braidas a `m iua` tmnms hmsmtrms jejiu- talms nj fmrla hatura` y imlp`jtaljhtj autmlaacutetdia tmnms `ms aitms prdlardms y caacutesdims nj` fuhidmhaldjhtmfisdm`ugravebdim nj hujstrm mrbahdslm y uh sdhfigraveh nj fuhidmhjsquj hms pasah njsapjridcdnas

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Hmta5

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trj j` Jspigraverdtu y j` iujrpm figravesdim a partdr nj `a jspjidj

gulaha Ahtjs jh `ms rjdhms dhfjrdmrjs jsj iujrpm dh-

tjrljndardm `m gj hmlcranm imlm iujrpm jstruitura

astra` jhvm`tura jxtrafigravesdia vjgigraveiu`m dhtjrljndardm Nj`

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prmpda) jlpdjza su trayjitmrda a partdr talcdaumlh nj `a

fasj gulaha Jsj psdqudslm ahtjs nj `a jtapa gulaha

`m gj hmlcranm imlm jspigraverdtu (imh ldhotildesiu`a) m prdh-

idpdm dhtj`dbjhtj

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3 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY=

Ga sdnm prjsdnjhtj nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a nurahtj 1gtantildems Aitua`ljhtj js ldjlcrm nj `a Euhta ndrjitdva nj `a Fjj yvmia` nj `a Imldsdugraveh nj `a Jndtmra Fmrla partj nj `a ImldsdugravehJejiutdva nj` Imhsjem Jspigraverdta Dhtjrhaidmha` y js immrndhanmr nj `aImldsdugraveh nj Fmrlaidugraveh jh j` IJD Ya`vanmr Lartigraveh

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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31frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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J` mcejtdvm nj a jvm`uidugraveh a razugraveh nj sjr nj a vdnahm js `a fj`didnan tjrrjstrj imlm luigms jrrugravehjaljhtjirjjh y sigrave j` pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm nj iana uhm nj hmsmtrmsT jsj pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm njcjlms rja`dzar`m pmr ljndmnj` tracaem nj` jsfujrzm nj tmnas `as a`tjrhatdvas nj `aa`jbrigravea y nj` nm`mr gasta quj hms gayalms njsarrm``anmimlp`jtaljhtj y j`jvanm a` jstanm ij`jstj J` nm`mrfigravesdim y lmra` fmrla hujstra jxpjrdjhida a sacdnurigravea jsj` prjldm [mim a pmim j` a`la sj j`jva y imhfmrlj vasucdjhnm jh j``a sj va aiulu`ahnm uha sula sdjlprjirjidjhtj nj sacjr y vdr tun sj sdjhtj laacutes jstrjigaljhtjuhdna a sus sjljeahtjs sj imluhdia laacutes igravehtdlaljhtjimh su ljndm smida` y p`ahjtardm J`jvaacutehnmsj iana vjz laacuteshm tarna jh uhdrsj pmr `azms pueahtjs a as smidjnanjs nj`Jspaidm y njspuaumls a` Yjr Zhdvjrsa`

Asigrave `a vdna nj` sjr imhsidjhtj js uha vdna njsm`dnardnan y `dcjrtan dcrj njhtrm nj `ms `igraveldtjs quj `j

sjntildea`ah `as `jyjs jtjrhas sj imhstdtuyj jh arqudtjitm njsu njstdhm Yu anj`ahtaldjhtm js mcra suya Hdhbuhafata`dnan `m mprdlj sa`vm `a nj sus prmpdms aitms iuyasimhsjiujhidas rjiajh jh auml` las hm pujnj njsarrm``arsjy ljnrar sdhm jh a vdna im`jitdva imh j` rjiursm nj ianauhm y jh prmvjigm nj tmnms Iuahtm laacutes sucj tahtmlaacutes sj sdjhtj vdvdr y sufrdr jh tmnms y pmr tmnms Jh `ahjijsdnan nj j`jvarsj a sigrave ldslm atraj a sigrave para gaijr`ms``jbar a` jstanm jspdrdtua` a tmnms ms sjrjs gulahms qujpujc`ah `ms luhnms nmhnj vdvdjra Qudjrj gaijr pmrj``ms `m quj pmr auml` gdidjrah sus gjrlahms laacutes vdjems `msbrahnjs Jspigraverdtus quj `m budarah jh su lariga

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3gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY=

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Js `a `jy nj` jsfujrzm `jy suprjla pmr `a iua` j` sjrsj afirla trduhfa y sj njsarrm``a js `a labhigravefiia jpmpjyanj `a Gdstmrda `a `uiga jxtjrdmr quj ``jha j` luhnm a`uiga dhfjrdmr hm js ljhms imhlmvjnmra Iana vjz qujrjhaij tjhnraacute j` Jspigraverdtu quj aimlmnar anjiuar j` hujvmjhvm`tmrdm latjrda` quj `j va a sjrvdr nj lmrana y gaijrnj auml` uh dhstruljhtm iapaz nj tranuidr nj jxprjsar `asimhijpidmhjs nj su bjhdm A pjsar nj as njijpidmhjs nj`as njrrmtas a travaumls nj as jxdstjhidas rjhmvanas j` a`laimhsdbuj njsarrm``ar sus j`jvanas faiu`tanjs

Gay jh hmsmtrms uha smrna aspdraidugraveh uha igravehtdlajhjrbigravea ldstjrdmsa quj hms jhialdha gaida as a`turas qujhms gaij tjhnjr gaida njstdhms iana vjz laacutes j`jvanmsquj hms dlpj`j gaida m Cj``m y gaida j` Cdjh Js a jy nj`prmbrjsm a jvm`uidugraveh jtjrha quj buigravea a `a Gulahdnan a travaumls nj `as jnanjs y abudemhja a iana uhm nj hmsmtrmspmrquj jh `a Gulahdnan smh `as ldslas a`las quj njsdb`m jh sdb`m vuj`vjh para prmsjbudr imh `a ayuna njhujvms iujrpms prjparaacutehnmsj para luhnms ljemrjs jhsu mcra nj pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm

a `jy nj` prmbrjsm hm sj ap`dia sm`aljhtj a`gmlcrj js uhdvjrsa` Gay jh tmnms `ms rjdhms nj `aHatura`jza uha jvm`uidugraveh quj fuj rjimhmidna pmr `mspjhsanmrjs nj tmnms `ms tdjlpms Njsnj `a iauml`u`a vjrnjnjsnj j` jlcrdugraveh jrrahtj cmyahnm a ffimr nj `as abuas`a ianjha nj `as jspjidjs sj ga njsarrm``anm a travaumls njsjrdjs vardanas gasta hmsmtrms

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jsia`a nj `a jvm`uidugraveh j` pjhsaldjhtm `a imhidjhida y`a `dcjrtan sugrave`m aparjijh pasanms luigms branms Jh `ap`ahta `a dhtj`dbjhida nmrldta jh j` ahdla` sujntildea sugrave`mjh j` gmlcrj njspdjrta sj imhmij sj pmsjj y sj vuj`vj

imhsidjhtj a partdr nj agigrave j` prmbrjsm nj a`buha sujrtjfata` jh `as fmrlas dhfjrdmrjs nj `a Hatura`jza sugrave`m sjpujnj rja`dzar pmr j` aiujrnm nj a vm`uhtan gulaha imh`as `jyjs Jtjrhas

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a jvm`uidugraveh nj `ms luhnms y nj `as a`las jsrjbdna pmr `a Vm`uhtan Ndvdha quj pjhjtra y ndrdbj tmna`a Hatura`jza Las `a jvm`uidugraveh figravesdia js uha sdlp`jprjparaidugraveh para `a jvm`uidugraveh psigravequdia y `a asijhsdugraveh nj`as a`las prmsdbuj luigm laacutes a``aacute nj `a ianjha nj `msluhnms latjrda`js Hujstrm B`mcm js imlm uha arjhanmhnj sj tracah cata``as dhijsahtjs Jh su prmndbdmsafjiuhndnan bjhjra hujvms sjrjs las `ujbm `a lujrtjsdjba jh sus fi`as ijrranas Jsa `uiga gmrrjhna a prdljravdsta js hjijsarda para j` njsarrm``m nj` prdhidpdm nj vdnanura gasta j` nigravea jh quj uh raym nj dhtj`dbjhida vdjhj ad`uldhar `as imhidjhidas anmrljidnas Js jh `a `uiga quj`a vm`uhtan sj pjrfjiidmha y afirla js nj` nm`mr quj haij`a sjhsdcd`dnan

Jljrbjr branm a branm nj` acdslm nj `a vdna para tmrharsj Jspigraverdtu bjhdm supjrdmr y jstm pmr sus prmpdmslaumlrdtms y jsfujrzms imhqudstar j` futurm gmra a gmra dr`dcjraacutehnmsj nigravea a nigravea uh pmim laacutes nj `a bahba nj `aspasdmhjs `dcjrarsj nj `as subjstdmhjs nj` jbmigraveslm nj

`a pjrjza nj` njsaacutehdlm rjsiatarsj pmim a pmim nj susffiaqujzas nj su dbhmrahida ayunahnm a sus sjljeahtjs arjsiatarsj a su vjz arrastrahnm tmnm j` ljndm gulahm

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3frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

gaida uh jstanm supjrdmr ta` js j` papj` ndstrdcudnm aiana a`la

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^a` js j` iaraacuteitjr imlp`jem nj` sjr gulahm5 jspigraverdtufujrza y latjrda jh qudjh sj rjsuljh tmnms ms j`jljhtmsimhstdtutdvms tmnas `as pmtjhidas nj` Zhdvjrsm ^mnm `mquj jstaacute jh hmsmtrms jstaacute jh j` Zhdvjrsm y tmnm `m qujjstaacute jh j` Zhdvjrsm sj jhiujhtra jh hmsmtrms [mr j`iujrpm ffiuigravendim y pmr j` iujrpm latjrda` j` gmlcrj jstaacuteuhdnm a `a dhljhsa jstruitura nj `a vdna uhdvjrsa` pmr j`a`la a tmnms `ms luhnms dhvdsdc`js y ndvdhms ^jhjlmsjh hmsmtrms j` dhstdhtm nj `a ahdla`dnan laacutes m ljhmsimlprdldnm pmr j` `arbm tracaem pmr `as prujcas nj `asjxdstjhidas pasanas y tjhjlms talcdaumlh `a irdsaacute`dna nj`aacutehbj` nj` sjr randahtj y purm quj pmnjlms vjhdr a sjrpmr a dlpu`sdugraveh lmra` pmr as aspdraidmhjs nj` imrazugraveh ypmr j` sairdfiidm imhstahtj nj` ‐ymldquo ^mialms imh `ms pdjs

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Ahabrala 34LMMNT S Imldhb Caio HT5 Cahtal Cmmos 1441

^jhjlms jh hmsmtrms j` dhstdhtm nj `aahdla`dnan laacutes m ljhms imlprdldnm

pmr j` `arbm tracaem pmr `as prujcas nj `asjxdstjhidas pasanas y tjhjlms talcdaumlh `a

irdsaacute`dna nj` aacutehbj` nj` sjr randahtj y purm

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36 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM

J` 3gt nj euhdm nj 14gt9 fuj para `a idunan nj Baumlhmva(Dta`da) uh nigravea jldhjhtjljhtj trdstj Zhm nj sus laacutesiauml`jcrjs dhvjstdbanmrjs psigravequdims partigravea gaida j` mtrm `anmnj a vdna a ms 71 antildems nj jnan njspuaumls nj gacjr njeanmjsirdtm para `a gdstmrda laacutes nj sjsjhta mcras y idjhtms njartigraveiu`ms casanms jh sus dhvjstdbaidmhjs

Jrhjstm Cmzzahm gacigravea haidnm jh `a ldsla idunanquj `j vdm lmrdr j` 4 nj jhjrm nj 1763 Yu fald`dajimhugraveldialjhtj aimlmnana `m rjidcdugrave euhtm imh mtrmsiuatrm gjrlahms laacutes mcsjrvahnm iugravelm sj njstaiacajh auml` uh almr apasdmhahtj pmr j` aprjhndzaej ^a` jra asigravequj a `ms iuatrm antildems suejtahnm imh sus pjqujntildeas lahmsuh vm`uldhmsm y ldstjrdmsm tmlm smcrj `a `dtjraturabjhmvjsa dhsdstigravea a su lanrj para quj j jhsjntildeara a `jjr`m

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pmjtas ^gmlas Lmmrj [jriy Cyssgj Ygj``jy Emgh Ld`tmh yRd``dal Ygaojspjarj

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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32CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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37 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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34DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull LJ^JL[YDIMYDY T SJJHIASHAIDUgraveH

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3136

91LJ^JL[YDIMYDY T SJJHIASHAIDUgraveH bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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9 Oarnji A``ah M dvrm nms Jspigraverdtms [rjbuhta 611 Jndidugraveh Mh`dhj FJC3 Oarnji A``ah M dvrm nms Jspigraverdtms [rjbuhta 619 Jndidugraveh Mh`dhj FJC

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3236

93 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

bull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aRjc5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjs

FaijCmmo5 wwwjspdrdtdslmiifaijcmmo

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`f5 +9gt 636 911 771

A`diahtjbull Ymidjnan Jspdrdtdsta A`diahtdhaNdrjiidugraveh5 I Cazaacuteh 3-3micro 91 A`diahtjRjc5 wwwsjajspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKsjajspdrdtaiml

^j`f5 +9gt 676 43 gt1

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta a uz nj` IaldhmNdrjiidugraveh5 Apartanm nj Imrrjms hmicro 122

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999 bull Irjvd``jhtj (ADIAH^J)Rjc5 www`a`uznj`pmrvjhdroarnjijs

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^j`f5 +9gt 61 66 477

bull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms JspigraverdtasCjzjrra nj Ljhjzjs

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91 bull Cjhdnmrl (ADIAH^J)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5ijhtrmjspdrdtacjhdnmrlKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 624 497 42

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bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ala`da Nmldhbm Ym`jr Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Vjhtura [`aea 1 - caems Ljtrm - Cana` 737 Carij`mhaRjc5 wwwijansoarnjijs Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijansKmhmiml ^j`f5 +9gt 66 913 672

Idunan Sja`bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Almr Fratjrhm Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Fjrrmiarrd` 22 196 bull A`iaacutezar nj Yah Euah (IDZNAN SJA)

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^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 436 11 296

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ialdhm nj uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 Ahtdbua Iarrjtjra nj Lanrdn 3

193 bull Lahzaharjs (IDZNAN SJA)Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsijialdhmnj`uz Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijialdhmnj`uzKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 436 63 372 rsquo +9gt 636 911 771

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bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Yah Iar`ms nj` Va``jNdrjiidugraveh5 I Salugraveh y Iaea` 12 193gt2 bull Yah Iar`ms nj` Va``j (IDZNAN SJA)

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j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 421 376 174 rsquo +9gt 694 316 gtgt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ds`as Ca`jarjs (IJDC)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a ^rmcana gt7 a-c

211bull [a`la nj La``mria (DYAY CAJASJY)

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^j`f5 +9gt 62 47 7gt

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Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsmtusdhjral ^j`f5 9gt 429 911 324

Lanrdnbull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj LanrdnNdrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a Cm`sa 1gt - 1micro niga

3713 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwjspdrdtaslanrdniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtaslanrdnKtj`jfmhdiahjt

Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3336

99Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta Frahidsim nj Asigraves nj`a Ydjrra

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a Iantildeana Sja` 33 1micro C37gt Im``anm Vd``a`ca (LANSDN)

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 f rahidsimnjasdsnj`asdjrraKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 627 16 441

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Jhtrj j` Idj`m y `a djrraNdrjiidugraveh5 Avna nj Lanrdn 34 `mia` 3767 bull Yah Lartigraveh nj Va`njdb`jsdas (LANSDN)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsjhtrjj`idj`my`atdjrra

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mab`dmKarraodsjs ^j`f5 +9gt 627 662 319 rsquo +9gt 627 662 313

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ljhsaejrms nj `a uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lanjra 1 - Caem

37gt bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwitvjsZYJSYijlj`gmljgtl

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijlj`lanrdnKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 9gt 41 976 3 77 rsquo 9gt 41 91gt 7 17bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms y Ndvu`baidugraveh

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Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5aurmravaziaca``jrmKgmtlad`iml

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^j`f5 9gt 41 37 gt 71 rsquo +9gt 672 446 79

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundm Jspigraverdta jugraveh NjhdsNdrjiidugraveh5 Cmhjtjrm 9 ljtrm [dm WDD 3716 bull Lanrdn

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Laacute`ababull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas A``ah OarnjiNdrjiidugraveh5 I Gaumlrmjs nj Ymstma 29 J-1micro

343 bull Laacute`abaRjc5 wwwjndtmrajspdrdtaa``ahoarnjijs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 a`cmrahjndtmraKmhmiml

^j`f5 9gt 43 397 67 rsquo +9gt 62 7 32

Luridabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Sjidhtm nj [az Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a [az1 1micro N ([atdntildem) 913 LuridaRjc5 wwwijrjidhtmnjpazjs

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijrjidhtmnjpazKrjidhtmnjpazjs

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^j`f5 +9gt 664 96 14

[mhtjvjnrabull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta [az Arlmhigravea y Iardnan

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bull Brupm Jspigraverdta Hujvm Alahjijr Emahha nj Ahbj`ds

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Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtashujvmalahjijrKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 + 9gt 62 44 462 - + 9gt 62 44 46

^arrabmhabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Emahha nj Ahbj`dsNdrjiidugraveh5 [ucd`` Mrdm` 33

gt931 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 422 9gt6 16gt rsquo +9gt 63 gt61 67gt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Lahuj` y Ndva`nmNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Vdjhtm gt93 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)Rjc5 wwwijlyniml

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Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`jfmhm5 +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas ‐YdhFrmhtjrasldquo

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Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijjsdhfrmhtjrasKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta

Abjhna Irdstdaha - JNDIJD gt ₠

A`cmrana Irdstdaha (Ljndahm) gt ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrDD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

Aacuternua Asijhsdugraveh 13 ₠

Atjhidugraveh (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ialdhm Vjrnan y Vdna - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Iartd``a nj` Cdjh - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Iuahnm Sjbrjsj `a [rdlavjra (Hmrla`) 2 ₠

Iujhtms Jspdrdtdstas 4 ₠

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J` A`la js Dhlmrta` 7 ₠

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta 4 ₠

J` Idj`m y j` Dhfijrhm - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Jspigraverdtu nj `a Vjrnan - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` Jvahbj`dm Yjbotildeh j` Jspdrdtdslm -JNDIJD

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J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Yjr Yucimhsidjhtj 6 ₠

Jh `m Dhvdsdc`j 7 ₠

Jh `ms Nmldhdms nj `a Ljndulhdnan -JNDIJD

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Jspdrdtdslm y Jim`mbigravea - JNDIJD 7 ₠

B`msardm Jspigraverdta (Cm`sd``m) 6 ₠

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Gdphmtdslm y Jspdrdtdslm 7 ₠

Ejsotildes jh j` Gmbar - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Eustdida Ndvdha - JNDIJD 7 ₠

a Baumlhjsds - JNDIJD 1 ₠

a Vdna jh Fald`da gt ₠

dcjraidugraveh - JNDIJD 4 ₠

as Vdnas Yuijsdvas 4 ₠

ms Ljhsaejrms - JNDIJD 7 ₠

ms Lujrtms Ydbujh Vdvdjhnm 6 ₠

Lahms Zhdnas (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljndtaidmhjs (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljlmrdas nj` [anrj Bjrlaacuteh 2 ₠

Ljhsaej nj uh Anm`jsijhtj njsnj j`Luhnm Jspdrdtua` - JNDIJD ₠

Ldsdmhjrms nj `a uz - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Lujrtj js Vdna 6 ₠

Hujstrm Gmbar - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Mcrjrms nj `a Vdna Jtjrha - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[ah Hujstrm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[jhsaldjhtm y Vdna - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Sj`dbdugraveh nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 177 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 174 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Yjntildea` Vjrnj gt ₠

Yjxm y Njstdhm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Ydjlcra nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Yuc`dlj Jxpdaidugraveh - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Vdna Fj`dz - JNDIJD 2 ₠

Lm`njahnm j` ^jrijr Ld`jhdm - Vdna yMcra nj Ndva`nm [ Frahim

1 ₠

Vdna y Yjxm - JNDIJD 6 ₠

T `a Vdna Imhtdhotildeahellip JNDIJD 7 ₠

dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ

Ugraverbahm jndtmrda` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a sdh aacutehdlm nj `uirm quj rjdhvdjrtj jh j` prmpdm

`dcrm jspigraverdta Yj gaijh jhvigravems imhtra rjjlcm`sm Gaba su pjndnm prjfjrdc`jljhtj pmr imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim adhfmKjspdrdtdslmii m pmr tj`aumlfmhm5 636 911 771

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3536

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Vdna ahtjs nj `a Vdna

Jhtrjvdsta a Iar`msSmcjrtm Ialpjttd

Jhfjrljnanjs nj` a`la[aacutebdha 1gt

Jvdnjhidas Idjhtigravefiias a favmr nj`a Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna [aacutebdha 3

[`ahjaldjhtm rjjhiarhatmrdm[aacutebdha 13

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐ms Gdems nj` Ayjrldquo

[aacutebdha 37

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 3bull Jndidugraveh Mitucrj 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

1 antildems nj J` `dcrm nj `ms laumlnduls

Jhtrjvdsta a` LaumlndulNdva`nm Frahim

Ljndulhdnan nj jfjitms figravesdims[aacutebdha 1gt

^rahsimluhdiaidugraveh dhstruljhta`[aacutebdha 3

Fmrlaidugraveh nj` Laumlndul[aacutebdha 13

Jspdrdtdslm jh a dtjratura

[aacutebdha 37

frac12Ejsotildes jra laumlndul=[aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 1bull Jndidugraveh Eu`dm 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Jspdrdtdslm imlm fi`msmfigravea nj vdna

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm57bull Jndidugravehacrd`31gtbull [rjidm59

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm52bull JndidugravehMitucrj 319bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

ms Ijhtrms jspdrdtdstas njcjh sjr`a iaacutetjnra nj` Jspigraverdtu nj Vjrnan

QZAuml JY J JY[DSD^DYLM=

DH^SMNZIIDUgraveHA IMHMIDLDJH^M NJ LZHNM DHVDYDCJ

[MS AY LAHDFJY^AIDMHJY NJ MY JY[IgraveSD^ZY

Imhtdjhj j` rjsuljh nj ms prdhidpdms nj a nmitrdha jspdrdtdsta y as rjs-pujstas a as prdhidpa`js mcejidmhjs

pmr

A``ah - Oarnjiautmr nj` dcrm nj ms jspigraverdtus y nj` dcrm nj ms Ljnduls

JNDIDUgraveH JIMHUgraveLDIA

[rjidm 3 rja`js

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh Jspantildea

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm56bull JndidugravehEu`dm319bull[rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5bull JndidugravehLarzm319bull [rjidm59₠

nj a FJJ

Jspdrdtdslm jh j` luhnm[aacutebdha 37

[rjiursmrjs nj` Jspdrdtdslm[aacutebdha 6

Artgur Imhah Nmy`j[aacutebdha 32

Idjhtigravefiims jspigraverdtas nj`sdb`m WDW [aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a rjvj`aidugraveh jspigraverdtay A``ah Oarnji [aacutebdha 17

a SjvujYpdrdtj [aacutebdha 3

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

a Vdna jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

[sdim`mbigravea jh j` laacutes a``aacute[aacutebdha 1gt

Aacutehbj`js BuarndahjsJspigraverdtus [rm-tjitmrjsFald`darjs y Ydlpaacutetdims

[aacutebdha 32[jrdjspigraverdtu

[aacutebdha 33

ms Yujntildems Jspdrdtua`js[aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐HMYYM ASldquo

Jhtrjvdsta aYahtdaba Hmbujrm [aacutebdha 1

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5gtbull JndidugravehYjptdjlcrj 313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

^rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

a vdna jtjrha[aacutebdha 1

^rahsdidugraveh p`ahjtarda[aacutebdha 37

[`ura`dnan nj luhnms gacdtanms[aacutebdha 39

Jvm`uidugraveh gdstugraverdia nj` pjhsaldjh-tm jspdrdtua` [aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Jhtrjvdsta

Cdmbrafigravea

a Larigravea nj `aBraida nj Jh-

njr [aacutebdha 12

aumlmh Njhds[aacutebdha 7

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm59bull JndidugravehLarzm313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

[jtdidugraveh nj hotildeljrms ahtjrdmrjs5

H 1 rsquo 1 Antildems nj` ‐dcrm nj`ms Laumlndulsldquo

H 3 rsquo Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna

H 9 rsquo rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

H gt rsquo a Vdna jh j` luhnmjspdrdtua`

H rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

H 6 rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslmjh Jspantildea

H 2 rsquo J` Ijhtrm Jspdrdta

H 7 rsquo J` Jspdrdtdslm imlmfi`msmfigravea nj vdna

pjndnmsrjvdstafjjKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3636

DHFMSLAIDUgraveH T SJYJSVAY5

YJISJ^ASIgraveA AumlIHDIAMSBAHDUA

IMHFJSJHIDAY

T YJLDHASDMY

bull J` Luhnm Dhvdsdc`j

bull Sjbrjsm a `a vdna jspdrdtua`

bull J` laacutes a``aacute nj` sudidna

bull a lotildesdia jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

jqud`dcrdm para j` a`la

bull Jspigraverdtus y su gdstmrda jh `a gulahd-

nan

bull ^jrapda nj` almr

bull Imluhdiaidugraveh imh `ms jspigraverdtus5

ldtms y vjrnanjs

bull Njsvj`ahnm `m dhvdsdc`j (prujcas idjhtigrave-

fiias fi`msugravefiias j gdstugraverdias)

I d ` n d d dc`

a partdidpaidugraveh a jstj jvjhtm jstaacute acdjrta a tmnas aquj``as pjrsmhas dhtjrjsanas

IMHFJSJHIDAH^JY

Ndva`nm [ Frahim - A`frjnm A`mhsm nj `a Fujhtj - A`frjnm

^acujntildea - Vditmr Suahm - Iar`ms Ialpjttd - Euah Ldbuj`

Fjrhaacutehnjz - Eahaigraveha Ldhj``d - Iarljh Iarnmha - Ldbuj`

Vjra - M`ba Mrtdz

6 2 y 7 Ndidjlcrj 31gt

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 436

gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull JND^MSDA

laquoIdjrtm nigravea jstahnm Frahidsim nj Asigraves jh pjrjbrdhaidugravehpmr `a idunan nj Buccdm a` hmrtj nj Asigraves supm quj `a pmc`aidugravehnj aquj``a rjbdugraveh jstaca dhtrahqud`a pujs a``igrave vdvigravea jh `as `anjras

nj njtjrldhanms pjntildeasims uh `mcm fjrmz quj ya gacigravea njvmranmluigms ahdla`js j dhi`usm a`buhms hdntildems J` `mcm prmijnigravea nj uhalahana nj `mcms nj `a quj fuj apartanm pmr jhfjrljnan vdvdjhnmjh uha iavjrha quj jhimhtrugrave a`dljhtaacutehnmsj nj `ms ahdla`js qujpmr a``igrave pasacah ataiahnm dbua`ljhtj a sjrjs gulahms njsiudnanms^ahtms fujrmh `ms pjreudidms vjrdfiianms y j` paacutehdim sjlcranm pmr `arjbdugraveh quj `a pmc`aidugraveh fuj a su jhiujhtrm para quj auml` cjhndejsj aaquauml` mcm y rmbasj a Ndms quj m gdidjsj njsaparjijr para quj a pazsj rjstac`jidjsj as lanrjs affidbdnas dlp`mracah a` [anrj Frahidsimquj tuvdjsj pdjnan y `as ayunasj prmljtdaumlhnm`j gaijr iua`qudjrpjhdtjhida njsnj quj sj `dcrasjh nj` pj`dbrmsm ahdla` J` [anrjFrahidsim jsiuigugrave imh paidjhida `a ``alana nj` pujc`m y prmljtdugravegaijr a`buha imsa jh cjhjfiidm nj tmnms [jndrigravea a Ndms para quj j``mcm cusiasj mtrm `ubar quj hm fujsj nmhnj vdvigraveah `ms gulahms T

Frahidsim imlm nj imstulcrj pmr `a hmigj jhtrugrave jh ljndtaidugravehy jh mraidugraveh a` Yjntildemr A jstas gmras sus migravenms sdjlprj rjbdstracahimsas fujra nj `m imlotildeh nj ms gmlcrjs T fuj m quj miurr dugrave a` pjndra Ndms jh jstms taumlrldhms5 ‐rsquoiexclNdms ligravem iexclYjntildemr ligravem [jrldtj quj ^jpdna a`bm ta` vjz dhmpmrtuhm pjrm quj jstaacute jh j` a`la nj` pujc`m pmrnmhnj jstalms pasahnm nmhnj qujrjlms ``jvar j` Jvahbj`dm nj ^uGdem y Hujstrm Lajstrm quj hms pdnj a`buha imsa quj j pujna trajr`a paz y `a trahqud`dnan figravesdia Quj apartjs Yjntildemr j` `mcm quj `ms ataiapujs cdjh sacjs `m quj jstaacute gaidjhnm latahnm ahdla`js j gdrdjhnma gmlcrjs y aljnrjhtahnm a `a pmc`aidugraveh Yd fujra u vm`uhtan y sd`m ljrjijlms gaz quj jsj `mcm sa`ba nj jsta rjbdugraveh y cusquj mtrm`ubar nmhnj auml` pujna sjhtdrsj ljemr y ms gmlcrjs vdvdr jh paz Ejsotildesayotildenahms a imlprjhnjr `as hjijsdnanjs nj hujstrms sjljeahtjs ygaz pmr j``ms a`buha imsa Larigravea Lanrj nj Ejsotildes iotildecrjhms a tmnmsimh tu lahtm nj `uz imhfmrtahnm hujstrms imrazmhjs atrdcu`anms

pjrm quj sj gaba `a vm`uhtan nj` Yjntildemr y hm `a hujstraldquoT jh j` dhtjrva`m jh quj rjdhaca j` sd`jhidm Frahidsim a `a

jspjra nj uha rjspujsta myugrave jh j` fmhnm nj su a`la uh iaacutehtdimrjspmhndaumlhnm`j `m quj njcjrigraveah gaijr jh uh tmhm arlmhdmsmy ``jhm nj tjrhura5 ‐rsquoiexclUgraveyjlj Frahidsim J` `mcm tdjhj njrjigma qujnarsj nmhnj qudjra quj sja arrdjsbahnm talcdaumlh su vdnafrac12Nugravehnj njcjlms lahnar`m= Auml` tdjhj `a hjijsdnan nj a`bm quj jxdstjjhtrj `ms gmlcrjs frac12Jsms hm cusiah ljemrigravea jh j` cdjhjstar y jh `aimhvdvjhida imh gjrlahms nj `a ldsla y nj mtras razas= Js pujs uhnjrjigm quj asdstj a qudjh vdvj a iua`qudjr irdatura haidna nj Ndmsy pmr Ndms frac12Iugravelm jxpu`sar y sairdfiiar a uh ahdla` sm`aljhtj parasatdsfaijr a pjrsmhas a`buhas sdh pdjnan gasta para imh `ms prmpdmssjljeahtjs= J` jbmigraveslm nj `ms gmlcrjs js j` quj `ms gaij sufrdr hmsdlp`js ahdla`js quj pdnjh smimrrm imh ms rjiursms quj pmsjjh Vj

Frahidsim a imhvjrsar imh j` `mcm Njspuaumls nj jhtjhnjr`m vuj`vj yimhvjrsa imh ms gmlcrjs y vj sd tj jhtdjhnj m quj irjm quj js laacutesndfigraveid` [rmiura gaijr uha a`dahza jhtrj uhm y ms mtrms para quj m qujsmcrj hm fa`tj a qudjh tjhba galcrj y quj njspuaumls nj alahsana `afijra hm `a la`tratjh pujs iasd sdjlprj njspuaumls nj `a paz surbj j`acusm iexclJ` mcm tdjhj galcrj Frahidsimldquo

Frahidsim njspjrtugrave nj` aumlxtasds y sdhtdugrave j` nrala nj` vdjem `mcmT partdugrave gaida uha nj `as barbahtas nj` Lmhtj Ia`vm sdtuanm jh `msApjhdhms J` brah ahdla` a` migraver a vmz nj uh gmlcrj quj iahtaca sa`dugravenj su jsimhnrdem ta` vjz pjhsahnm jh a`dljhtm y abua jsquj`aumltdimy naumlcd` [usm sus mems vdnrdmsms jh j` pjqujntildem gmlcrj nj Ndmsy aumlstj `j gac`ugrave nu`ijljhtj5 ‐rsquoiexclGjrlahm `mcm iexclQuj `a paz sjaimhtdbm quj sj gaba `a vm`uhtan nj Ndms y hm `a hujstra Tm smynj paz Vjhbm a pjndrtj jh hmlcrj nj Ndms y nj Ejsotildes quj tjhbas

paidjhida pujs hana tj va a fa`tar5 abua imldna y uh `ubar sjburmCasta quj tjhbas uh pmim nj imhfiahza jh `ms gmlcrjs pmrquj hm tmnms smh vdm`jhtms luigms smh cujhms y `js bustah `ms ahdla`js[ujnjs imhvdvdr jh paz imh j``ms y imljr `m ldslm quj j``ms Jspjrm

quj lj mdbas ^j pdnm quj vjhbas imhldbm gasta nmhnj jstaacuteh j``msy `js pjndrauml quj tj atdjhnah jh tus hjijsdnanjs Tm talcdaumlh smy uhahdla` hana tjhbm aquigrave para nar tj a hm sjr ld iardntildem pjrm prmljtm

quj tj narauml `a aldstan nj tmnms jh aquj``m quj pujnah mfrjijrtjas lanrjs jstaacuteh ``mrahnm tjldjhnm pmr sus gdems iexclVjh imhldbm qujsjraacutes imlpjhsanm pmr Ndmsldquo J` `mcm a jsa a`tura ya jstaca jiganmjh `ms pdjs nj Frahidsim rmzahnm su `arbm iuj``m jh `as pdjrhas nj suprmtjitmr smljtdaumlhnmsj imh imhfiahza Aumlstj sj arrmnd``ugrave `j pusm `aslahms smcrj `a atmrljhtana iacjza y abranjidugrave a Ndms pmr `a hujvaaldstan A` `anm nj `ms nms gacigravea uha pjqujntildea fa`ahbj nj jspigraverdtusnj `a hatura`jza a`buhms jh fmrla nj ahdla`js fjstjeahnm aquj``auhdugraveh jh j` sjhtdnm nj njspjrtar jh `ms gmlcrjs j` almr para imh`ms ahdla`js y jh aumlstms j` almr para imh aquj``ms J` futurm hmsprmljtj quj `a imcra vdvdraacute jh paz imh j` catraidm j` ratugraveh imhj` batm j` pjrrm imh `ms fj`dhms j` imrnjrm imh j` `mcm y quj `msgmlcrjs vdvdraacuteh jh paz imh `ms prmpdms gmlcrjs Frahidsim ldrugrave a``mcm y ndem imh pdjnan5 ‐rsquoiexclValms gjrlahm ligravem njsijhnalms euhtms

vayalms euhtms gaida `ms gmlcrjs pujs tmnms smlms gdems nj NdmsldquoFrahidsim sdbudugrave anj`ahtj y j` `mcm `m aimlpantildeugrave a pasm `jhtm pjrmsdh pjrnjr su buigravea

A` ``jbar a `a a`nja j` pujc`m sa`dugrave a `as pujrtas smrprjhndnmimh j` fjhugraveljhm Luigms ya imhmiigraveah a` fjrmz ahdla` quj jh aquj`lmljhtm sj vm`vdugrave uh imlpantildejrm lahsm y mcjndjhtj jh `a smlcranj` sahtm Aumlstj sj sjhtugrave jh uh trmhim a` `anm nj uha iasa y j` `mcmsj aprmxdlugrave a su imlpantildejrm quj pasaca `jvjljhtj `a lahm smcrjsu iujrpm njsiarhanm gac`aacutehnm`j imh trahqud`dnan5 ‐rsquoGjrlahm mcmjstj `ubar js talcdaumlh tuym Imhsdnaumlratj gdem nj jstj cjhndtm rjcantildemnj mvjeas gulahas quj tj trataraacuteh imlm sd fujsjs uh gdem Hm tj va afa`tar nj hana hd abua hd imldna hd j` iardntildem nj tmnms `ms gjrlahmsjh Irdstm quj aquigrave rjsdnjh y para jsm valms a dr nj iasa jh iasapara imhfirlar `m quj njsjalms Yd pmr vjhtura tuvdjras quj lmrnjra a`budjh aquigrave gaz jsm imhldbm agmra hm njcjs tradidmhar `m qujaimrnalms ym tj `m pdnm A Ejsuirdstm `j bustah luigm `ms ahdla`js

tahtm quj prjfirdugrave haijr jh uh pjsjcrj a haijr jh uh pa`aidm Auml`pmnrigravea gacjr jsimbdnm j` `ubar quj gucdjsj qujrdnm y cusiugrave a `msahdla`js jstm js uha prujca nj Almr pmr j``msldquo as lahms nj`[jrjbrdhm imrrigraveah pmr j` `mlm nj` ahdla` dhuhnanas nj `uz quj sugrave`mj` almr pujnj prmvjjr y `ms mems nj` ahdla` ndjrmh uha sjntildea` qujsm`aljhtj `ms gulahms pujnjh nar `a sjntildea` nj `as `aacutebrdlas pmrqujjs laacutes faacuteid` ``mrar quj rjigraver Frahidsim sj `jvahtugrave vm`vdugrave a ``alar a suimlpantildejrm y fuj nj pujr ta jh pujrta jh hmlcrj nj Ndms y nj Irdstmpdndjhnm a `ms quj a``igrave vdvigraveah quj hm fa`tasjh abua y a`dljhtm para j``mcm y tmnms vdjhnm `a lahsjnulcrj nj` ahdla` euhtm a Frahidsimjstuvdjrmh nj aiujrnm J` gdem nj Asigraves sj qujnugrave a`buhms nigraveas jh `arjbdugraveh gasta quj j` pujc`m sj aimstulcrasj a `a imhvdvjhida imhj` ahdla` y j` `mcm dca nj pujrta jh pujrta imldjhnm y cjcdjhnm

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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2JY[IgraveSD^Z T LA^JSDA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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Eavdjr Smnrigravebujz

JY[IgraveSD^Z T LA JSDA

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y `as tdhdjc`as jstacah smcrj `a faz nj` acdslm y j` Jspigraverdtu nj Ndms sj lmvigravea smcrj `a faz nj `as

abuasa Cdc`da Baumlhjsds 151-3

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1 Jh a`buhas vjrsdmhjs nj `a Cdc`da imlm `a nj Ejrusa`aumlh sj jlp`ja `a pa`acra‐vdjhtmldquo jxprjsdugraveh quj vm`vjlms a jhimhtrar jh `ms Jvahbj`dms iuahnm Ejsotildesndrdbdaumlhnmsj a Hdimnjlm (Euah 957) `j ndij5 laquoJ` vdjhtm smp`a nj nmhnj qudjrj y

myjs su smhdnm las hd sacjs nj nugravehnj vdjhj hd anugravehnj va asigrave js tmnm aquj` quj jshaidnm nj` Jspigraverdtuiquest Zh jejlp`m jhtrj mtrms quj hms lujstra quj laquovdjhtmiquest jsutd`dzanm luigas vjijs imlm sdhugravehdlm nj jspigraverdtu3 OASNJI A dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus prjbuhta hmicro 32

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7 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull JY[IgraveSD^Z T LA^JSDA

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caem j` rdburmsm imhtrm` nj idjhtigravefiims nj rjhmlcrj ta`jsimlm R Irmmojs A S Ra``aij I Sdigjt I mlcrmsmI F`allardmh B Gald`tmh6 y mtrms

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9 a Cdc`da D Imr 15gtgt

gt Jitmp`asla5 hmlcrj imh j` iua` Igar`js Sdigjt njsdbhugrave uha sustahida imrpmra`jxunana pmr `ms laumlnduls nj jfjitms figravesdims jh trahij a travaumls nj `ms pmrms yndvjrsms mrdfiidms nj` iujrpm FALLASDMH I as fujrzas hatura`js njsimhmidnas Carij`mha 5 Lauiid147=6 Vaumlasj5 ms arigdvms nj ^B Gald`tmh _Jh `igravehja 0gttp5survdva`aftjrnjatgc`mbspmtimljs3112`ms-arigdvms-t-b-gald`tmhgtl`8

Njcjlms aijptar quj smh nms fujrzas nj`uhdvjrsm quj sj mpmhjh y quj sj uhjh a`ldslm tdjlpm sj dhffiujhidah y tracaeah uhasmcrj `a mtra y quj vah sdjlprj uhdnas a` sjr`as nms mrdbdhardas nj uha ldsla fujhtj Ndms

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4BAumlHJYDY [AHJ^ASDM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

BAumlHJYDY

[AHJ^ASDM

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I`aacuteunda Cjrharnjs

nj Iarva`gm

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`ms dhhuljrac`js p`ahjtas para aimbjr jspigraverdtus jhiarhanms mnjsjhiarhanms Jh hujstrm iasm njspuaumls nj `a ab`mljraidugravehffiuigravendia j` mrcj tjrrjhm tmnavigravea hm jstaacute prjparanm paraa`cjrbar `a vdna ta` imlm `a imhmijlms

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1 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull BAumlHJYDY [AHJ^ASDM

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^mnm jh j` prdhidpdm js imhfusdugraveh jh uha aparjhtjsdtuaidugraveh iaugravetdia nmhnj `as jhjrbigraveas sj jhfrigraveah luy`jhtaljhtj Njsnj `a fmrlaidugraveh tjrrjha `ms aacutetmlms smh`ms ldslms hd uhm laacutes hd uhm ljhms pjrm a imhsjiujhida

nj` jhfrdaldjhtm sj fmrlarmh hujvas imlcdhaidmhjs ^mnmsaquj``ms j`jljhtms susijptdc`js nj vm`atd`dzarsj pasarmha jstanm basjmsm a njhsdnan nj tmnms jsms basjs jhsuspjhsdugraveh imhfjrigravea uha mpaidnan ta` quj hm pjhjtraca `a`uz nj` sm` sdjhnm dhiapaz nj mfrjijr ialpm faumlrtd` a `a vdna

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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11BAumlHJYDY [AHJ^ASDM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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13 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull A JVMZIDMH AHIgraveLDIA

A JVMZIDMH AHIgraveLDIA

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Emsauml Dbhaidm Lmnaldm

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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19A JVMZIDMH AHIgraveLDIA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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1gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AY JY[JIDJY NJYNJ J [ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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17 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull AZ^MLA^DYLM T [JSDJY[IgraveSD^Z

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nj njfjhsa nj supjrvdvjhida y nj dhluhdnan quj sjnd-ljhtarmh jh j` iujrpm astra` nj` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj

J` prmijsm jvm`utdvm pmr tahtm hm ga sdnm sugrave`m uhpasm nj uhas fmrlas a mtras Js luigm laacutes5 sdbhdfiia uhigravehtdlm pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm nj fuhidmhjs psigravequdias y nj asimrrjspmhndjhtjs jstruituras astra`jsfigravesdias quj pjrld- tjh jxprjsar`as njsnj `as laacutes sdlp`js fmrlas a `ms mr-bahdslms laacutes imlp`jems nmhnj `as faiu`tanjs rundljh- tardas sj njsjhvm`vdjrmh suijsdvaljhtj aituahnm smcrjjsa jstruitura jxtrafigravesdia lmndfiiaacutehnm`a y njeahnm jhj``a jh iana pasm y jh iana jtapa ms trazms y sjntildea`js nj`prmbrjsm rja`dzanm

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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14AZ^MLA^DYLM T [JSDJY[IgraveSD^Z bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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jhiujhtrah pjrfjitaljhtj jstruituranms y njfihdnms jhj` sjr gulahm y braidas a `m iua` tmnms hmsmtrms jejiu- talms nj fmrla hatura` y imlp`jtaljhtj autmlaacutetdia tmnms `ms aitms prdlardms y caacutesdims nj` fuhidmhaldjhtmfisdm`ugravebdim nj hujstrm mrbahdslm y uh sdhfigraveh nj fuhidmhjsquj hms pasah njsapjridcdnas

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quj j` jspigraverdtu pasasj prdljrm pmr tmna uha sjrdj njjxpjrdjhidas caacutesdias a fih nj dr fieahnm jh su jhvm`turajxtrafigravesdia `as `jyjs quj ndrdbjh `a vdna mrbaacutehdia para jh- trjbarsj njspuaumls a `ms tracaems prmpdms nj pjrfjiidmha-ldjhtm lmra` j dhtj`jitua` quj sj dhdidah jh j` Jspigraverdtusjr gulahm

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Hmta5

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trj j` Jspigraverdtu y j` iujrpm figravesdim a partdr nj `a jspjidj

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tjrljndardm `m gj hmlcranm imlm iujrpm jstruitura

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ldslm lmnm j` Jspigraverdtu (dhndvdnua`dnan imh imhidjhida

prmpda) jlpdjza su trayjitmrda a partdr talcdaumlh nj `a

fasj gulaha Jsj psdqudslm ahtjs nj `a jtapa gulaha

`m gj hmlcranm imlm jspigraverdtu (imh ldhotildesiu`a) m prdh-

idpdm dhtj`dbjhtj

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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31frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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36 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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32CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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37 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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34DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Qujrdnm `jitmr jh jsta rjffijxdugraveh jhimhtralms uhparandbla jvm`utdvm quj jstaacute rjspa`nanm jh uha razugravehdhnunac`j5 iexcl[rmbrjsalms sdjlprj Aprmvjigjlms pujs mslmljhtms nj jsta rjjhiarhaidugraveh mcsjrvahnm nmldharhujstrms dhstdhtms ahdla`js a` fiha` iarbalms uha iarbafi`mbjhaumltdia nj `as jxpjrdjhidas nj` pasanm sdh tjhjr qujvm`vjr a j``as T imlm Oarnji ndem laquo`a ljtjlpsdimsds imlm`a jhtdjhnjh hm js vjrnanjraiquest9

( ranuiidugraveh nj m`a Bariigravea)

iexcl[rmbrjsalms sdjlprj Aprmvjigjlms

pujs `ms lmljhtms nj jstarjjhiarhaidugraveh mcsjrvahnm nmldharhujstrms dhstdhtms ahdla`js

9 Oarnji A``ah M dvrm nms Jspigraverdtms [rjbuhta 611 Jndidugraveh Mh`dhj FJC3 Oarnji A``ah M dvrm nms Jspigraverdtms [rjbuhta 619 Jndidugraveh Mh`dhj FJC

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3236

93 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

bull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aRjc5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjs

FaijCmmo5 wwwjspdrdtdslmiifaijcmmo

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`f5 +9gt 636 911 771

A`diahtjbull Ymidjnan Jspdrdtdsta A`diahtdhaNdrjiidugraveh5 I Cazaacuteh 3-3micro 91 A`diahtjRjc5 wwwsjajspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKsjajspdrdtaiml

^j`f5 +9gt 676 43 gt1

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta a uz nj` IaldhmNdrjiidugraveh5 Apartanm nj Imrrjms hmicro 122

99 bull Mrdguj`a (ADIAH^J)Rjc5 www`a`uznj`ialdhmiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 brupmjspdrdtaK`a`uznj`ialdhmiml ^j`f5 +9gt 46 964 1 rsquo +9gt 66 7gt4 627

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta a uz nj` [mrvjhdr Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Laumlndim `jnugrave 7 Caem - Apartanm 7

999 bull Irjvd``jhtj (ADIAH^J)Rjc5 www`a`uznj`pmrvjhdroarnjijs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 eahalmsomljhsoy143162Kblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 61 66 477

bull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms JspigraverdtasCjzjrra nj Ljhjzjs

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Cjhaiahtd` 2 - a Lata mrrjvdjea917 bull mrrjvdjea (ADIAH^J)

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ejsus211461Kyagmmjs

^j`f5 +9gt 61 6gt 364bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj CjhdnmrlNdrjiidugraveh5 I ^mlaacutes nj Mrtuntildem 4gt-3microA

91 bull Cjhdnmrl (ADIAH^J)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5ijhtrmjspdrdtacjhdnmrlKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 624 497 42

Carij`mhabull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj Dbua`anaNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Iarljh H 19- 1micro- 3ordf 72 bull Dbua`ana (CASIJMHA)Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsdbua`ana

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5jstundmsjspdrdtasdbua`anaKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 497 9 gt1 rsquo +9gt 64 1 3gt6

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ala`da Nmldhbm Ym`jr Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Vjhtura [`aea 1 - caems Ljtrm - Cana` 737 Carij`mhaRjc5 wwwijansoarnjijs Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijansKmhmiml ^j`f5 +9gt 66 913 672

Idunan Sja`bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Almr Fratjrhm Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Fjrrmiarrd` 22 196 bull A`iaacutezar nj Yah Euah (IDZNAN SJA)

Rjc5 wwwijalmrfratjrhmjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijhtrmjspdrdtaalmrfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 436 11 296

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ialdhm nj uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 Ahtdbua Iarrjtjra nj Lanrdn 3

193 bull Lahzaharjs (IDZNAN SJA)Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsijialdhmnj`uz Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijialdhmnj`uzKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 436 63 372 rsquo +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ejsotildes nj Hazarjt Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ymiuj``alms 2 192 bull mlj``msm (IDZNAN SJA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 larda`udsa436Kgmtlad`iml

^j`f +9gt 64 62 29

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Yah Iar`ms nj` Va``jNdrjiidugraveh5 I Salugraveh y Iaea` 12 193gt2 bull Yah Iar`ms nj` Va``j (IDZNAN SJA)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsajsiva

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijsva``jKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 436 69 7

Iugravernmcabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Almr y [rmbrjsmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Emsauml Mrtjba y Bassjt 4 1gt bull Lmhtd``a (IUgraveSNMCA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 almryprmbrjsmKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 42 6gt 921 rsquo +9gt 616 13 gt3

bull Fratjrhdnan Jspigraverdta Emsauml BrmssmNdrjiidugraveh5 IAhtmhdm Laura 3 9micro N

1gt bull IugravernmcaImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 fratjrhdnanemsjbrmssmKblad`iml

Rjc5 wwwimrnmcajspdrdtajs ^j`f5 9gt 42 396 gt39 rsquo 9gt 42 73

Ds`as Ca`jarjsbull Ijhtrm Jspdrdta Jllahuj`Ndrjiidugraveh5 mlaacutes Abud`ugrave Fmrtjza 93 211bull [a`la nj La``mria (DYAY CAJASJY)

Rjc5 wwwijhtrmjspdrdtajllahuj`ndvu`baidmhmrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijhtrmjspdrdtajllahuj`Kgmtlad`iml

j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 421 376 174 rsquo +9gt 694 316 gtgt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ds`as Ca`jarjs (IJDC)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a ^rmcana gt7 a-c

211bull [a`la nj La``mria (DYAY CAJASJY)

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijdcKijdcjs

Rjc5 wwwijdcjs

^j`f5 +9gt 62 47 7gt

aumlrdnabull Assmidaidugrave Jspigraverdta Mtus d Haumlral (AJMH)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Bjrlaha Ljriccedil Yahtaiaha 19 39 bull eumlrrjba (AumlSDNA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mtusdhjralKblad`iml

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsmtusdhjral ^j`f5 9gt 429 911 324

Lanrdnbull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj LanrdnNdrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a Cm`sa 1gt - 1micro niga

3713 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwjspdrdtaslanrdniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtaslanrdnKtj`jfmhdiahjt

Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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99Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta Frahidsim nj Asigraves nj`a Ydjrra

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a Iantildeana Sja` 33 1micro C37gt Im``anm Vd``a`ca (LANSDN)

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 f rahidsimnjasdsnj`asdjrraKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 627 16 441

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Jhtrj j` Idj`m y `a djrraNdrjiidugraveh5 Avna nj Lanrdn 34 `mia` 3767 bull Yah Lartigraveh nj Va`njdb`jsdas (LANSDN)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsjhtrjj`idj`my`atdjrra

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mab`dmKarraodsjs ^j`f5 +9gt 627 662 319 rsquo +9gt 627 662 313

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ljhsaejrms nj `a uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lanjra 1 - Caem

37gt bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwitvjsZYJSYijlj`gmljgtl

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijlj`lanrdnKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 9gt 41 976 3 77 rsquo 9gt 41 91gt 7 17bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms y Ndvu`baidugraveh

Jspigraverdta (IJTNJ)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lmhtjra 1-13 3ordf [`ahta - Hmicro 9 3719 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwijynjlanrdnmrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5aurmravaziaca``jrmKgmtlad`iml

ijynjlanrdnKyagmmjs

^j`f5 9gt 41 37 gt 71 rsquo +9gt 672 446 79

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundm Jspigraverdta jugraveh NjhdsNdrjiidugraveh5 Cmhjtjrm 9 ljtrm [dm WDD 3716 bull Lanrdn

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 `jmhnjhdsijKblad`imlRjc5 www`jmhnjhdsjs - wwwc`mb`jmhnjhdsjs

Laacute`ababull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas A``ah OarnjiNdrjiidugraveh5 I Gaumlrmjs nj Ymstma 29 J-1micro

343 bull Laacute`abaRjc5 wwwjndtmrajspdrdtaa``ahoarnjijs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 a`cmrahjndtmraKmhmiml

^j`f5 9gt 43 397 67 rsquo +9gt 62 7 32

Luridabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Sjidhtm nj [az Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a [az1 1micro N ([atdntildem) 913 LuridaRjc5 wwwijrjidhtmnjpazjs

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijrjidhtmnjpazKrjidhtmnjpazjs

ldbuj`ldvjbaKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 664 96 14

[mhtjvjnrabull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta [az Arlmhigravea y Iardnan

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Sotildea [jhds 31 - 1micro Niga 9631 bull Vdbm ([MH^JVJNSA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijpazarlmhdalmryiardnanKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 +9gt 61 7gt 136

Yjvd``abull Asmidaidugraveh Ijhtrm nj Jstundms

Jspigraverdtas nj Yjvd``aNdrjiidugraveh5 [rmspjrdnan 9 rdaha gt11 bull Yjvd``a

Rjc5 wwwjspdrdtassjvd``ajsImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 bjhmvjvala``mKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 4gt 379 7 rsquo +9gt 6 gt71 794

bull Brupm Jspigraverdta Hujvm Alahjijr Emahha nj Ahbj`ds

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ndjbm [ujrta 1 Jsi 9gt 2 A gt14 bull Yjvd``aRjc5 wwwhujvmalahjijrjspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtashujvmalahjijrKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 + 9gt 62 44 462 - + 9gt 62 44 46

^arrabmhabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Emahha nj Ahbj`dsNdrjiidugraveh5 [ucd`` Mrdm` 33

gt931 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 422 9gt6 16gt rsquo +9gt 63 gt61 67gt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Lahuj` y Ndva`nmNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Vdjhtm gt93 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)Rjc5 wwwijlyniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ar`dhbbKyagmmjs ^j`f5 +9gt 676 gt4 2gt6

Va`jhida

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Va`jhida Gmbar FratjrhmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Vd``ahujva nj Iastj``ugraveh 33 gt64 bull Va`jhidaRjc5 wwwasjsvamrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 gmbarfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 469 3 46 7

IJH^SMY JY[IgraveSD^AY MHDHJbull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aNdrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat (uhjs Ldaumlrim`js y Eujvjs 33g9)

Rjc5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`jfmhm5 +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas ‐YdhFrmhtjrasldquo

Ndrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat(Nmldhbms 31g)

Rjc5 gttp5ijjsdhfrmhtjrasjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijjsdhfrmhtjrasKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta

Abjhna Irdstdaha - JNDIJD gt ₠

A`cmrana Irdstdaha (Ljndahm) gt ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrDD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

Aacuternua Asijhsdugraveh 13 ₠

Atjhidugraveh (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ialdhm Vjrnan y Vdna - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Iartd``a nj` Cdjh - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Iuahnm Sjbrjsj `a [rdlavjra (Hmrla`) 2 ₠

Iujhtms Jspdrdtdstas 4 ₠

Njsnj a Mtra Vdna gt ₠

Njspdjrtj y Yja Fj`dz - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` A`la js Dhlmrta` 7 ₠

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta 4 ₠

J` Idj`m y j` Dhfijrhm - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Jspigraverdtu nj `a Vjrnan - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` Jvahbj`dm Yjbotildeh j` Jspdrdtdslm -JNDIJD

1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Yjr Yucimhsidjhtj 6 ₠

Jh `m Dhvdsdc`j 7 ₠

Jh `ms Nmldhdms nj `a Ljndulhdnan -JNDIJD

4 ₠

Jhtrj `a djrra y j` Idj`m - JNDIJD 4 ₠Jspdrdtdslm Lmnjrhm OA DJ ODHB - FJJ ₠

Jspdrdtdslm y Jim`mbigravea - JNDIJD 7 ₠

B`msardm Jspigraverdta (Cm`sd``m) 6 ₠

Buigravea [raacuteitdia nj` Jspdrdtdsta - FJJ ₠

Gdphmtdslm y Jspdrdtdslm 7 ₠

Ejsotildes jh j` Gmbar - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Eustdida Ndvdha - JNDIJD 7 ₠

a Baumlhjsds - JNDIJD 1 ₠

a Vdna jh Fald`da gt ₠

dcjraidugraveh - JNDIJD 4 ₠

as Vdnas Yuijsdvas 4 ₠

ms Ljhsaejrms - JNDIJD 7 ₠

ms Lujrtms Ydbujh Vdvdjhnm 6 ₠

Lahms Zhdnas (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljndtaidmhjs (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljlmrdas nj` [anrj Bjrlaacuteh 2 ₠

Ljhsaej nj uh Anm`jsijhtj njsnj j`Luhnm Jspdrdtua` - JNDIJD ₠

Ldsdmhjrms nj `a uz - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Lujrtj js Vdna 6 ₠

Hujstrm Gmbar - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Mcrjrms nj `a Vdna Jtjrha - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[ah Hujstrm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[jhsaldjhtm y Vdna - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Sj`dbdugraveh nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 177 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 174 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Yjntildea` Vjrnj gt ₠

Yjxm y Njstdhm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Ydjlcra nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Yuc`dlj Jxpdaidugraveh - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Vdna Fj`dz - JNDIJD 2 ₠

Lm`njahnm j` ^jrijr Ld`jhdm - Vdna yMcra nj Ndva`nm [ Frahim

1 ₠

Vdna y Yjxm - JNDIJD 6 ₠

T `a Vdna Imhtdhotildeahellip JNDIJD 7 ₠

dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ

Ugraverbahm jndtmrda` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a sdh aacutehdlm nj `uirm quj rjdhvdjrtj jh j` prmpdm

`dcrm jspigraverdta Yj gaijh jhvigravems imhtra rjjlcm`sm Gaba su pjndnm prjfjrdc`jljhtj pmr imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim adhfmKjspdrdtdslmii m pmr tj`aumlfmhm5 636 911 771

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Vdna ahtjs nj `a Vdna

Jhtrjvdsta a Iar`msSmcjrtm Ialpjttd

Jhfjrljnanjs nj` a`la[aacutebdha 1gt

Jvdnjhidas Idjhtigravefiias a favmr nj`a Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna [aacutebdha 3

[`ahjaldjhtm rjjhiarhatmrdm[aacutebdha 13

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐ms Gdems nj` Ayjrldquo

[aacutebdha 37

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 3bull Jndidugraveh Mitucrj 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

1 antildems nj J` `dcrm nj `ms laumlnduls

Jhtrjvdsta a` LaumlndulNdva`nm Frahim

Ljndulhdnan nj jfjitms figravesdims[aacutebdha 1gt

^rahsimluhdiaidugraveh dhstruljhta`[aacutebdha 3

Fmrlaidugraveh nj` Laumlndul[aacutebdha 13

Jspdrdtdslm jh a dtjratura

[aacutebdha 37

frac12Ejsotildes jra laumlndul=[aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 1bull Jndidugraveh Eu`dm 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Jspdrdtdslm imlm fi`msmfigravea nj vdna

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm57bull Jndidugravehacrd`31gtbull [rjidm59

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm52bull JndidugravehMitucrj 319bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

ms Ijhtrms jspdrdtdstas njcjh sjr`a iaacutetjnra nj` Jspigraverdtu nj Vjrnan

QZAuml JY J JY[DSD^DYLM=

DH^SMNZIIDUgraveHA IMHMIDLDJH^M NJ LZHNM DHVDYDCJ

[MS AY LAHDFJY^AIDMHJY NJ MY JY[IgraveSD^ZY

Imhtdjhj j` rjsuljh nj ms prdhidpdms nj a nmitrdha jspdrdtdsta y as rjs-pujstas a as prdhidpa`js mcejidmhjs

pmr

A``ah - Oarnjiautmr nj` dcrm nj ms jspigraverdtus y nj` dcrm nj ms Ljnduls

JNDIDUgraveH JIMHUgraveLDIA

[rjidm 3 rja`js

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh Jspantildea

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm56bull JndidugravehEu`dm319bull[rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5bull JndidugravehLarzm319bull [rjidm59₠

nj a FJJ

Jspdrdtdslm jh j` luhnm[aacutebdha 37

[rjiursmrjs nj` Jspdrdtdslm[aacutebdha 6

Artgur Imhah Nmy`j[aacutebdha 32

Idjhtigravefiims jspigraverdtas nj`sdb`m WDW [aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a rjvj`aidugraveh jspigraverdtay A``ah Oarnji [aacutebdha 17

a SjvujYpdrdtj [aacutebdha 3

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

a Vdna jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

[sdim`mbigravea jh j` laacutes a``aacute[aacutebdha 1gt

Aacutehbj`js BuarndahjsJspigraverdtus [rm-tjitmrjsFald`darjs y Ydlpaacutetdims

[aacutebdha 32[jrdjspigraverdtu

[aacutebdha 33

ms Yujntildems Jspdrdtua`js[aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐HMYYM ASldquo

Jhtrjvdsta aYahtdaba Hmbujrm [aacutebdha 1

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5gtbull JndidugravehYjptdjlcrj 313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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SJVZJ Y[DSD^J - JHJSM NJ 1766 LAHDFJY AIDUgraveH NJ

JY[IgraveSD^Z NJ MY AHDLAJY

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Yd `ms ahdla`js vjh `ms Jspigraverdtus hmjs jvdnjhtjljhtj ljndahtj `ms mems

j` iujrpm tdjhjh pujs uha jspjidjnj vdsta jspdrdtua`

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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6 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull SJVZJ Y[DSD^J - Jhjrm nj 1766 LAHDFJY^AIDUgraveH NJ JY[IgraveSD^Z NJ MY AHDLAJY

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(^ranuiidugraveh nj Eavdjr Smnrigravebujz)

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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2JY[IgraveSD^Z T LA^JSDA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

Jxaumlbjta y jstundmsm Fmrla partj nj `a Ymidjnan JspdrdtdstaA`diahtdha jh A`diahtj nj `a iua` aitua`ljhtj js su vdijprjsdnjhtj

Eavdjr Smnrigravebujz

JY[IgraveSD^Z T LA JSDA

Jh j` prdhidpdm irjugrave Ndms `ms idj`ms y `a tdjrraT `a tdjrra jstaca njsmrnjhana y vaiigravea

y `as tdhdjc`as jstacah smcrj `a faz nj` acdslm y j` Jspigraverdtu nj Ndms sj lmvigravea smcrj `a faz nj `as

abuasa Cdc`da Baumlhjsds 151-3

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1 Jh a`buhas vjrsdmhjs nj `a Cdc`da imlm `a nj Ejrusa`aumlh sj jlp`ja `a pa`acra‐vdjhtmldquo jxprjsdugraveh quj vm`vjlms a jhimhtrar jh `ms Jvahbj`dms iuahnm Ejsotildesndrdbdaumlhnmsj a Hdimnjlm (Euah 957) `j ndij5 laquoJ` vdjhtm smp`a nj nmhnj qudjrj y

myjs su smhdnm las hd sacjs nj nugravehnj vdjhj hd anugravehnj va asigrave js tmnm aquj` quj jshaidnm nj` Jspigraverdtuiquest Zh jejlp`m jhtrj mtrms quj hms lujstra quj laquovdjhtmiquest jsutd`dzanm luigas vjijs imlm sdhugravehdlm nj jspigraverdtu3 OASNJI A dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus prjbuhta hmicro 32

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull JY[IgraveSD^Z T LA^JSDA

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fujrzas jh `a gulahdnan tjrrjha= frac12a idjhida mfiida`aijptaraacute a`botildeh nigravea `a jxdstjhida nj` jspigraverdtu imlm fujrzarja` nj` uhdvjrsm= frac12as imhfjsdmhjs rj`dbdmsas aijptaraacuteh `asimhi`usdmhjs nj `a idjhida= Tm irjm quj sigrave y j` Jspdrdtdslmimlm idjhida nj mcsjrvaidugraveh nj jsms fjhugraveljhms qujprjtjhnj sjr y imlm fi`msmfigravea jspdrdtua`dsta quj js acmbapmr j``m [msdc`jljhtj hm `m vjalms jh vdna hdhbuhm nj`ms quj jstalms agmra aquigrave pjrm ``jbaraacute hm `m nunm yimlm jspigraverdtus jtjrhms quj smlms `m vjrjlms

9 a Cdc`da D Imr 15gtgt

gt Jitmp`asla5 hmlcrj imh j` iua` Igar`js Sdigjt njsdbhugrave uha sustahida imrpmra`jxunana pmr `ms laumlnduls nj jfjitms figravesdims jh trahij a travaumls nj `ms pmrms yndvjrsms mrdfiidms nj` iujrpm FALLASDMH I as fujrzas hatura`js njsimhmidnas Carij`mha 5 Lauiid147=6 Vaumlasj5 ms arigdvms nj ^B Gald`tmh _Jh `igravehja 0gttp5survdva`aftjrnjatgc`mbspmtimljs3112`ms-arigdvms-t-b-gald`tmhgtl`8

Njcjlms aijptar quj smh nms fujrzas nj`uhdvjrsm quj sj mpmhjh y quj sj uhjh a`ldslm tdjlpm sj dhffiujhidah y tracaeah uhasmcrj `a mtra y quj vah sdjlprj uhdnas a` sjr`as nms mrdbdhardas nj uha ldsla fujhtj Ndms

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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4BAumlHJYDY [AHJ^ASDM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

BAumlHJYDY

[AHJ^ASDM

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I`aacuteunda Cjrharnjs

nj Iarva`gm

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Jh j` jstanm prdldtdvm nj` b`mcm `ms aigataldjhtmsnj `ms pm`ms nj `a ^djrra smh dhndidms nj quj jh sus dhdidmsjstuvm jh jstanm ffiuigravendim jstanm quj punm njcjrsj a quj `alatjrda a` prdhidpdm jstuvdjra `diuana pmr `a aiidugraveh nj` fujbmm nd`udna pmr j` abua J` ia`mr jh j` dhtjrdmr nj `a ^djrra `asfujhtjs tjrla`js fujbms lasas fuhndnas jsiupdnas pmr `ms

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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1 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull BAumlHJYDY [AHJ^ASDM

vm`iahjs `as brdjtas fmrlanas pmr `ms tjlc`mrjs nj tdjrrashm njeah nuna nj su dhtjrdmr igravebhjm nj jsj lmnm rjsu`ta`ugravebdim quj su jstanm pastmsm mrdbdhardm njcj gacjr tjhdnmimlm iausa prdlmrnda` j` ia`mr y hm j` abua [mr `m tahtmjh su mrdbjh `a ^djrra fuj uha lasa dhiahnjsijhtj quj aimhsjiujhida nj a randaidugraveh ia`ugraverdia sj jhfrdugrave nj fujra gaidanjhtrm fmrlahnm uha imrtjza jh su supjrfiidj ldjhtras sudhtjrdmr pjrlahjij ffiudnm

^mnm jh j` prdhidpdm js imhfusdugraveh jh uha aparjhtjsdtuaidugraveh iaugravetdia nmhnj `as jhjrbigraveas sj jhfrigraveah luy`jhtaljhtj Njsnj `a fmrlaidugraveh tjrrjha `ms aacutetmlms smh`ms ldslms hd uhm laacutes hd uhm ljhms pjrm a imhsjiujhida

nj` jhfrdaldjhtm sj fmrlarmh hujvas imlcdhaidmhjs ^mnmsaquj``ms j`jljhtms susijptdc`js nj vm`atd`dzarsj pasarmha jstanm basjmsm a njhsdnan nj tmnms jsms basjs jhsuspjhsdugraveh imhfjrigravea uha mpaidnan ta` quj hm pjhjtraca `a`uz nj` sm` sdjhnm dhiapaz nj mfrjijr ialpm faumlrtd` a `a vdna

J` prdljr jfjitm nj` jhfrdaldjhtm y prmnuitm ndrjitmnj `a sm`dndfiiaidugraveh nj `a supjrfiidj jxtjrdmr quj iaraitjrdzaj` pjrigravemnm prdlardm fuj `a fmrlaidugraveh nj` brahdtm Jsaimhnjhsaidugraveh nj `ms ljta`js fmrlugrave `a imstra sm`dndfiiananj` b`mcm quj iucrj partj nj `a supjrfiidj p`ahjtarda y jsimhsdnjrana j` jsquj`jtm tjrrjhm

J` sjbuhnm jfjitm fuj `a `diujfaiidugraveh nj `ms vapmrjs quj

sj prjidpdtarmh smcrj j` suj`m Yj prmnuejrmh `uvdas nj ljta`jsquj iausarmh fisuras vjtas y fi`mhjs jh j` brahdtm iausahnmnjsimlpmsdidmhjs suijsdvas Idi`ms dhdhtjrrulpdnms njprjidpdtaidmhjs y jvapmraidmhjs prmpdidarmh `a caeana nj `a

tjlpjratura Ahaacuterqudia ljzi`a nj j`jljhtms iaraitjr dzugravejsj pjrigravemnm prdlardm nmhnj imlm ya sj jxp`diugrave hdhbotildeh sjrvdvm punm jxdstdr

Jh j` pjrigravemnm nj trahsdidugraveh j` pjqujntildem jspjsmr nj`a imrtjza brahigravetdia prmpmridmhaca uha naumlcd` rjsdstjhidaAcuhnahtjs nd`ataidmhjs y njsp`azaldjhtms pjrldtdjrmhquj `a `ava dhtjrdmr sj trahscmrnara J` adrj fuj `dcjrahnm`as latjrdas laacutes pjsanas pmr prjidpdtaidugraveh sdjhnm aumlstas

arrastranas y ndsuj`tas jh j` abua quj pmsjigravea pmiaprmfuhndnan y iucrigravea iasd tmna `a supjrfiidj

Jh jsj tdjlpm `ms jhtjs cdm`ugravebdims tmnavigravea hm jxdstigraveah

nj lmnm quj aumlstms gah tjhdnm aquigrave uh imldjhzm ms sjrjsvdvms jstaacuteh suejtms a dhhuljrac`js vdidsdtunjs uha irjaidugravehjhtjra pmnrigravea qujnar imlprmljtdna nurahtj su jvm`uidugravehpmr iua`qudjr faitmr anvjrsm `m quj rjfujrza `a prjvdsdugraveh njNdms y sus arqudtjitms a` irjar rjspjtahnm j` prmijsm njjvm`uidugraveh hatura` `a p`ura`dnan nj `ms faitmrjs cdugravetdims

ms iatai`dslms tuvdjrmh `ubar njsnj j` mrdbjh nj `a^djrra lmndfiiahnm `as imhndidmhjs para `a imhsjrvaidugravehnj `a vdna j gdidjrmh njsaparjijr bjhjraidmhjs jhtjras njsjrjs vdvms Js luy dlpmr tahtj tjhjr jh iujhta quj njhtrmnj jstms idi`ms pjrdugravendims jxdstjh sucpjrigravemnms hm mcstahtj`as jras hmrla`ljhtj jstundanas smh `as quj prjsjhtah uha

a`tjraidugraveh laacutes njstaiac`jJh jsj pjrigravemnm imljhzarmh a fmrlarsj `ms jxtraitms

nj tjrrjhms sjndljhtardms pmr j` arrastrj nj `as abuasiarbanas nj `dlm y latjrda`js ndvjrsms anjiuanms a `a vdnamrbaacutehdia Aparjidjrmh `ms prdljrms sjrjs vdvms nj` rjdhmvjbjta` nj mrbahdzaidugraveh rundljhtarda `ms `igravequjhjs lusbmssjtas gj`jigms y p`ahtas gjrcaacuteijas a `a par quj `ms ahdla`jsnj mrbahdzaidugraveh pmim imlp`jea Jstms sjrjs jxi`usdvaljhtjlardhms smh imhmidnms imlm zmugravefitms randanms pm`igravepjrmslaacutes tarnj aparjidjrmh `ms irustaacuteijms y `ms pjijs

J` bas iarcugravehdim njcdnm a su brah iahtdnan fuj uha nj`as otilde`tdlas sustahidas quj j` adrj purdfiiugrave Jsj bas asmidanm

imh `a aiidugraveh nj` ia`mr y `a guljnan prmpdidugrave j` alcdjhtjdnugravehjm a` surbdldjhtm nj `as p`ahtas iucrdjhnm raacutepdnaljhtj`a supjrfiidj imh vjbjtaidugraveh acuhnahtj y jxucjrahtj a`

tdjlpm quj `as p`ahtas aiuaacutetdias talcdaumlh sj lu`tdp`diarmhA imhsjiujhida nj` njsp`azaldjhtm nj` abua quj sjbuigraveasu idi`m hatura` `ms tjrrjhms fujrmh dhuhnanms y iucdjrtmspmr sjndljhtms nj ta` lmnm quj vardas bjhjraidmhjsa`tjrhanaljhtj jstuvdjrmh smljtdnas a sjquigravea y rjpmc`aidugravehahdqud`anms y rjhmvanms nj fmrla iigravei`dia

Jh j` pjrigravemnm sjiuhnardm `a vjbjtaidugraveh im`msa` y `msahdla`js njsaparjijh njcdnm a `ms iatai`dslms y a` ialcdmnj imhndidmhjs atlmsfaumlrdias iaraitjrdzanms pmr brahnjs

`jvahtaldjhtms y jrupidmhjs vm`iaacutehdias Jh jsa aumlpmia `avjbjtaidugraveh irjij njspaidm pmr `a ndsldhuidugraveh nj` ia`mry `a guljnan ms ahdla`js smh tmnavigravea aiuaacutetdims surbjh

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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11BAumlHJYDY [AHJ^ASDM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

`ms ahficdms y sj njstaia jh jsa jra `a apardidugraveh nj brahnjsrjptd`js Jh jsj pjrigravemnm `a vdna ahdla` a`iahzugrave uh jhmrljnjsarrm``m imlm gacigravea miurrdnm imh `a vjbjtaidugraveh jh j`pjrigravemnm ahtjrdmr J` adrj laacutes purdfiianm pjrldtdugrave quj `msahdla`js vdvdjsjh smcrj `a ^djrra Njsaparjijh `ms ahdla`jsaiuaacutetdims bdbahtjsims sustdtudnms pmr ahdla`js ahaacute`mbms pjrmlaacutes prmpmridmhanms y nj talantildem laacutes rjnuidnm

Jh j` pjrigravemnm tjridardm j` jstanm alcdjhta` ialcdahujvaljhtj prmpdidahnm imhndidmhjs nj vdta`dnan quj sjaprmxdlah a` jstanm aitua` aparjidjhnm hujvas jspjidjs imhmrbahdzaidugraveh laacutes pjrfjita y quj sj anaptah a `a hatura`jzanj` ljndm nmhnj smh ``alanms a vdvdr Agmra `a jhvm`tura

nj `a imstra tjrrjstrj tdjhj laymr jspjsmr prmpmridmhahnmuha imhsdnjrac`j rjsdstjhida a `a aiidugraveh nj` fujbm dhtjrdmrNj fmrla hm sdlu`taacutehja sj fmrlarmh `ms pdims y ianjhasnj lmhtantildeas `m quj miasdmhugrave quj `a supjrfiidj nj` suj`m sjvm`vdjra njsdbua` y quj `as abuas fujrah jlpueanas a zmhasdhfjrdmrjs trahsfmrlahnm j` aspjitm nj` b`mcm

J` pjrigravemnm nd`uvdahm jstaacute larianm pmr j` laymriatai`dslm nj` p`ahjta pmr tmnas partjs qujnah sjntildea`jsnj ta`js imhvu`sdmhjs as abuas dhvandjrmh `ms imhtdhjhtjslmndfiiahnm randia`ljhtj j` pahmrala gasta jhtmhijsjxdstjhtj y `ms pm`ms imljhzarmh a iucrdrsj nj gdj`mfmrlahnm `ms b`aidarjs `m iua` apuhta a quj gucm uhsdbhdfiiatdvm ialcdm nj tjlpjratura b`mca` ^mnms `msga``azbms idjhtigravefiims ``jvah a pjhsar quj jsj ialcdm fujcrusim

Zha vjz rjstac`jidnm j` jqud`dcrdm `ms ahdla`js y `msvjbjta`js rjtmlarmh su iursm jvm`utdvm Zha atlugravesfjra laacutes`dlpda nj basjs pjrldtdugrave quj `ms rayms nj` Ym` `a atravjsasjhJ` suj`m lmstrugrave hujvaljhtj uhas imhndidmhjs favmrac js yjstac`js a` njsarrm``m nj a vdna mrbahdzana smcrj a supjrfiidja ^djrra sj pmc`aca imh ahdla`js laacutes smidac`js y ljhmsfjrmijs `ms vjbjta`js prmpdidacah uha a`dljhtaidugraveh laacutessuavj y `dbjra Fuj sm`aljhtj jhtmhijs iuahnm tmnms `msfaitmrjs alcdjhta`js rjsu`tarmh anjiuanms para `a apardidugravehnj` gmlcrj smcrj j` mrcj

Hm gacigravea imhndidmhjs nj vdta`dnan para j` gmlcrj jh`ms pjrigravemnms ahtjrdmrjs sdh jlcarbm gay njsiucrdldjhtmsrjidjhtjs quj parjijh imhfirlar quj a`botildeh jspaumlidljh

jxdstigravea ahtjs nj` pjrigravemnm nd`uvdahm pjrm `m idjrtm js qujsu prm`dfjraidugraveh smcrj `a ^djrra imljhzugrave a jscmzarsj imhalp`dtun jh j` pjrigravemnm pmsnd`uvdahm Jh a Baumlhjsds sj pujnjjhimhtrar5 laquoJsj pjrigravemnm (pmsnd`uvdahm) pujnj iaraitjrdzarsjpmr `a prjsjhida nj` gmlcrj jh `a ^djrraiquest Yubjrdlms `a`jitura nj` iapigravetu`m W nj` ldslm `dcrm nmhnj sj jxp`dia `afmrlaidugraveh dhdida` nj `ms sjrjs vdvms bjhjraidugraveh jspmhtaacutehjajsia`a nj `ms sjrjs mrbaacutehdims y j` gmlcrj imrpmra`

Ld``arjs nj antildems smh dlprjsidhndc`js para quj ianafasj pjrsdba su jstacd`dnan smh hjijsardas rjvm`uidmhjsbjhjra`js y parida`js nj` b`mcm para a`iahzar j` aspjitmaitua` prmpdidahnm nj jsj lmnm `ms alcdjhtjs rjqujrdnms a

`a jvm`uidugraveh nj `a vdna mnms `ms pjrigravemnms fujrmh hjijsardmspara quj `ms sjrjs vdvms jvm`uidmhasjh sdjhnm j` sjr gulahmj` aacutepdij nj jsj njsarrm``m

a ^djrra fuj prjparana para quj j` gmlcrj tuvdjra`as ljemrjs imhndidmhjs nj supjrvdvjhida iuahnm ``jbara j`lmljhtm nj miupar tjlpmra`ljhtj jstj p`ahjta para a

travaumls nj `a jhiarhaidugraveh jejrijr sus faiu`tanjs nj jspigraverdtudhlmrta` Iuahnm vuj`va a` luhnm jspdrdtua` nj nmhnj jsmrdbdhardm j` jspigraverdtu pmnraacute miupar nj aiujrnm a su hdvj`jvm`utdvm mtrms luhnms talcdaumlh prjparanms para sunjsarrm``m nmhnj sjbudraacute su fmrlaidugraveh

Ld``arjs nj antildems smh dlprjsidhndc`js paraquj iana fasj pjrsdba su jstacd`dnan smhhjijsardas rjvm`uidmhjs bjhjra`js y parida`jsnj` b`mcm para a`iahzar j` aspjitm aitua`prmpdidahnm nj jsj lmnm `ms alcdjhtjsrjqujrdnms a `a jvm`uidugraveh nj `a vdna

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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13 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull A JVMZIDMH AHIgraveLDIA

A JVMZIDMH AHIgraveLDIA

Dhbjhdjrm Dhnustrda` Ndvu`banmr jspigraverdta y rjnaitmr nj` pjrdugravendim J` Aacutehbj`nj` Cdjh puc`dianm pmr j` I J ‐Jhtrj j` Idj`m y a djrraldquo nj Yah Lartigravehnj Va`njdb`jsdas (Lanrdn)

Emsauml Dbhaidm Lmnaldm

Hana pjrlahjij jstaidmhardm jh `a Hatura`jza tmnm jvm`uidmha jh iulp`dldjhtm nj `a jy nj [rmbrjsma travaumls nj `a rjjhiarhaidugraveh y nj `ms ljiahdslms njanaptaidugraveh y gjrjhida Jh iana jhiarhaidugraveh dhtjbralms`a gjrjhida figravesdim-dhstdhtdva nj hujstrms panrjs imh `agjrjhida nj hujstras imhqudstas fisdmpsdimsmlaacutetdias njjxdstjhidas pasanas dhtjbranas jh hujstrm pjrdjspigraverdtupjrldtdaumlhnmhms njsarrm``ar hujvas iapaidnanjs yiaraitjrigravestdias dha`iahzac`js gasta jsj lmljhtm

a jxpjrdjhida jh tmnas `as jtapas nj `a jvm`uidugraveh

js j` lmtmr quj j`acmra `a aitdvdnan rjffijea (j` rjffijem)quj prjijnjraacute a` dhstdhtm (autmlatdzaidugraveh) quj a su vjzprjijnjraacute a `a aitdvdnan rjffijxdva quj sjraacute `a casj nj `adhtj`dbjhida jh su ialdhm gaida `a imhidjhida nj sigrave ldslm y`a rjspmhsacd`dnan lmra`

Bacrdj` Nj`ahhj jh su `dcrm a jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldia hmsndij5 laquo mnms ms ialcdms quj sj mcsjrvah jh a Hatura`jzahm tdjhjh sdhm uh mcejtm5 j` prmbrjsm nj` Jspigraverdtuiquest J`jstundm nj a jy nj [rmbrjsm hms pjrldtj imhi`udr quj hanamiurrj jh `a Hatura`jza pmr iasua`dnan Iana anaptaidugravehsj prmyjita jh j` p`ahm jxtra-figravesdim para iulp`drsj jh j`p`ahm figravesdim jh iulp`dldjhtm nj `a jy Hatura` para j` cdjh

nj tmnas `as irdaturas jh vdrtun nj `a brah jy nj Zhdnanquj rdbj `a Irjaidugraveh^mnm jvm`uidmha jh `a Irjaidugraveh tahtm `m

pjrtjhjidjhtj a` aacutelcdtm nj `a latjrda prmvjhdjhtj pmr tahtm nj` [rdhidpdm Latjr da` m F`udnm Iugravesldim Zhdvjrsa`imlm `m pjrtjhjidjhtj a` aacutelcdtm jspdrdtua` prmvjhdjhtjnj` [rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj quj ahdla tmnm `m irjanm J`[rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj js `a jxprjsdugraveh nj `a atraiidugraveh jh j`ldhjra` a sjhsaidugraveh jh `m vjbjta` j` dhstdhtm jh j` ahdla` j`razmhaldjhtm jh j` gmlcrj y `m ndvdhm jh j` jspigraverdtu purm(vjr apar tanm ‐Autmlatdslm y gjrjhidaldquo jh `dcrm Jvm`uidugravehjh nms luhnms Igdim Wavdjr) Ndigm nj mtrm lmnm5 j`[rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj jh j` vjbjta` aprjhnj a njsarrm``ar `msdhstdhtms Jh j` ahdla` ya imh `ms dhstdhtms njsarrm``anmsprmbrjsa njsarrm``ahnm `a dhtj`dbjhida Jh j` gmlcrj njdhtj`dbjhida njspdjrta su prmbrjsm prdhidpa` sj njsarrm``araacute

jh j` ialpm nj` sjhtdldjhtm T jh j` sjr supjrdmr im`lanmnj sjhtdldjhtms suc`dljs imhtdhuaraacute su njsarrm``m gaida`igraveldtjs dhsmspjiganms nj imhidjhida jspdrdtua` a`iahzahnm`ms p`ahms supjrdmrjs nj `a Irjaidugraveh jh uhdugraveh imh Ndms

a mcsjrvaidugraveh hms njlujstra quj nj` ldslm lmnmquj j` dhstdhtm jh j` ahdla` js nj `a ldsla hatura`jza qujjh j` gmlcrj su dhtj`dbjhida y sjhtdldjhtm talcdaumlh `m smhy varigraveah sugrave`m jh j` branm nj njsarrm``m Bacrdj` Nj`ahhjjh su `dcrm a jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldia ndij5 laquo`a hatura`jzapjhsahtj nj uhm y nj` mtrm js nj` ldslm mrnjh y hm

ndfijrjh jh jsjhida sdhm jh branm nj lahdfjstaidugraveh y jstmjs prjidsaljhtj `m quj jvdnjhidah idjrtas faiu`tanjs nj`ms ahdla`js ta`js imlm `a atjhidugraveh j` eudidm j` raidmidhdm`a asmidaidugraveh nj dnjas `a ljlmrda y `a dlabdhaidugravehiquest (paacuteb4) Anjlaacutes njlujstra talcdaumlh laquoquj `ms sjhtdldjhtmslmra`js ta`js imlm j` rjlmrndldjhtm j` sjhtdnm lmra``a hmidugraveh nj `m eustm y nj `m dheustm jtiaumltjra sj ga``ah jhbjrljh jh tmnms `ms ahdla`jsiquest (paacuteb 2)

Jh `a dhfahida gulaha m rjjhiarhaidmhjs prdldtdvasnj` gmlcrj hms lmvjlms laacutes pmr dhstdhtms prmvjhdjhtjsnj `as jtapas nj `a ahdla`dnan ahtjrdmr quj pmr imlp`jtadhtj`dbjhida Ymh pjrdmnms prdldtdvms nmhnj j` gmlcrj

aparjhta jstar tmnavigravea laacutes ijria nj `a ahdla`dnan quj njsu vjrnanjra pmsdidugraveh jh `a gulahdnanms dhstdhtms casanms tmnms j``ms jh `a jy Hatura`

huhia sj jqudvmiah pjrm imh j` njsarrm``m nj `adhtj`dbjhida njrdvah imlotildehljhtj a` prdhidpdm jh pasdmhjsa travaumls nj` acusm pmr jbmigraveslm imhsjiujhida nj` dhstdhtmnj imhsjrvaidugraveh Vah ijndjhnm su dhffiujhida imhfmrljsj njsarrm``ah `ms sjhtdldjhtms y pmr j``m `a hatura`jzadlprdlj ya jh j` ahdla` j` sjhtdldjhtm nj` almr caemsus fmrlas laacutes guld`njs y rundljhtardas a travaumls nj `alatjrhdnan

Jh hujstrm jstanm aitua` jvm`utdvm tmnavigravea hm

ndspmhjlms nj iapaidnan hd imhmidldjhtms sufiidjhtjs paraimlprjhnjr j` prmijsm nj irjaidugraveh nj `ms jspigraverdtus Ydhjlcarbm j` jstundm y a mcsjrvaidugraveh nj as jyjs Hatura`js

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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19A JVMZIDMH AHIgraveLDIA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

hms pjrldtdraacute aprmxdlarhms a` imhmidldjhtm nj `as jtapasahtjrdmrjs y pmstjrdmrjs a su fmrlaidugraveh Imlprjhnjlmsquj j` [rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj jvm`uidmha a travaumls nj `msprdljrms trjs rjdhms imhstdtuyjhnm jh j` pjrdjspigraverdtu miujrpm jspdrdtua` tmnms `ms prmijsms hjijsardms para `avdna mrbaacutehdia `ms dhstdhtms y fiha`ljhtj `a vdna dhtj`jitua`imhsidjhtj J` pjrdjspigraverdtu lmnj`a j` iujrpm figravesdim y js j`vjgigraveiu`m nj trahsldsdugraveh nj `ms avahijs mctjhdnms a travaumlsnj as suijsdvas rjjhiarhaidmhjs nj` a`la pmr ms ndfjrjhtjsrjdhms jh uh prmijsm nj dhndvdnua`dzaidugraveh prmbrjsdva

pmr j` iua` sj vuj`vj dhndvdsdc`j gasta a`iahzar j` rjdhmgmldha` rjidcdjhnm `a igdspa ndvdha m [rdhidpdm Ndvdhm (vjriapigravetu`m DDD nj Jvm`uidugraveh jh nms luhnms nj Igdim Wavdjr)jlpjzahnm uha hujva jtapa nmhnj sjraacute rjspmhsac`j njsus aiidmhjs imlm imhsjiujhida nj `a anqudsdidugraveh nj` `dcrja`cjnrigravem j` sjhtdnm lmra` `a imhidjhida nj sigrave ldslm y njsu pasanm jh cusia nj `as faiu`tanjs jspdrdtua`js quj `jgacd`dtjh para `a imhqudsta nj` prugravexdlm rjdhm j` ahbauml`dim

ms jspigraverdtus smh irjanms sdlp`js j dbhmrahtjs `mquj sdbhdfiia quj a` prdhidpdm tmnms smlms iarjhtjs njimhmidldjhtms y tjhjlms dnaumlhtdia aptdtun para prmbrjsarljndahtj hujstra aitdvdnan dhndvdnua` Hm rjidcdlms pmr

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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16 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AY JY[JIDJY NJYNJ J [ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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14AZ^MLA^DYLM T [JSDJY[IgraveSD^Z bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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31frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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39frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY=

a tracaear frac12Iugravelm sdh j` nm`mr gacrigravealms nj imhmijr`a a`jbrigravea sdh `a smlcra aprjidar `a `uz sdh `a prdvaidugravehsacmrjar j` cdjh anqudrdnm a satdsfaiidugraveh a`iahzana= Aquigravejstaacute `a razugraveh nj` pmr quauml jhimhtralms ndfiiu`tanjs nj tmna sujrtj jh hmsmtrms y a hujstrm a`rjnjnmr

Js `a `jy nj` jsfujrzm `jy suprjla pmr `a iua` j` sjrsj afirla trduhfa y sj njsarrm``a js `a labhigravefiia jpmpjyanj `a Gdstmrda `a `uiga jxtjrdmr quj ``jha j` luhnm a`uiga dhfjrdmr hm js ljhms imhlmvjnmra Iana vjz qujrjhaij tjhnraacute j` Jspigraverdtu quj aimlmnar anjiuar j` hujvmjhvm`tmrdm latjrda` quj `j va a sjrvdr nj lmrana y gaijrnj auml` uh dhstruljhtm iapaz nj tranuidr nj jxprjsar `asimhijpidmhjs nj su bjhdm A pjsar nj as njijpidmhjs nj`as njrrmtas a travaumls nj as jxdstjhidas rjhmvanas j` a`laimhsdbuj njsarrm``ar sus j`jvanas faiu`tanjs

Gay jh hmsmtrms uha smrna aspdraidugraveh uha igravehtdlajhjrbigravea ldstjrdmsa quj hms jhialdha gaida as a`turas qujhms gaij tjhnjr gaida njstdhms iana vjz laacutes j`jvanmsquj hms dlpj`j gaida m Cj``m y gaida j` Cdjh Js a jy nj`prmbrjsm a jvm`uidugraveh jtjrha quj buigravea a `a Gulahdnan a travaumls nj `as jnanjs y abudemhja a iana uhm nj hmsmtrmspmrquj jh `a Gulahdnan smh `as ldslas a`las quj njsdb`m jh sdb`m vuj`vjh para prmsjbudr imh `a ayuna njhujvms iujrpms prjparaacutehnmsj para luhnms ljemrjs jhsu mcra nj pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm

a `jy nj` prmbrjsm hm sj ap`dia sm`aljhtj a`gmlcrj js uhdvjrsa` Gay jh tmnms `ms rjdhms nj `aHatura`jza uha jvm`uidugraveh quj fuj rjimhmidna pmr `mspjhsanmrjs nj tmnms `ms tdjlpms Njsnj `a iauml`u`a vjrnjnjsnj j` jlcrdugraveh jrrahtj cmyahnm a ffimr nj `as abuas`a ianjha nj `as jspjidjs sj ga njsarrm``anm a travaumls njsjrdjs vardanas gasta hmsmtrms

Iana js`acugraveh nj jsa ianjha rjprjsjhta uha fmrlanj `a jxdstjhida quj imhnuij a uha fmrla supjrdmr a uhmrbahdslm laacutes r dim laacutes cdjh anaptanm a as hjijsdnanjsa `as lahdfjstaidmhjs irjidjhtjs nj `a vdna Las jh `a

jsia`a nj `a jvm`uidugraveh j` pjhsaldjhtm `a imhidjhida y`a `dcjrtan sugrave`m aparjijh pasanms luigms branms Jh `ap`ahta `a dhtj`dbjhida nmrldta jh j` ahdla` sujntildea sugrave`mjh j` gmlcrj njspdjrta sj imhmij sj pmsjj y sj vuj`vj

imhsidjhtj a partdr nj agigrave j` prmbrjsm nj a`buha sujrtjfata` jh `as fmrlas dhfjrdmrjs nj `a Hatura`jza sugrave`m sjpujnj rja`dzar pmr j` aiujrnm nj a vm`uhtan gulaha imh`as `jyjs Jtjrhas

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a jvm`uidugraveh nj `ms luhnms y nj `as a`las jsrjbdna pmr `a Vm`uhtan Ndvdha quj pjhjtra y ndrdbj tmna`a Hatura`jza Las `a jvm`uidugraveh figravesdia js uha sdlp`jprjparaidugraveh para `a jvm`uidugraveh psigravequdia y `a asijhsdugraveh nj`as a`las prmsdbuj luigm laacutes a``aacute nj `a ianjha nj `msluhnms latjrda`js Hujstrm B`mcm js imlm uha arjhanmhnj sj tracah cata``as dhijsahtjs Jh su prmndbdmsafjiuhndnan bjhjra hujvms sjrjs las `ujbm `a lujrtjsdjba jh sus fi`as ijrranas Jsa `uiga gmrrjhna a prdljravdsta js hjijsarda para j` njsarrm``m nj` prdhidpdm nj vdnanura gasta j` nigravea jh quj uh raym nj dhtj`dbjhida vdjhj ad`uldhar `as imhidjhidas anmrljidnas Js jh `a `uiga quj`a vm`uhtan sj pjrfjiidmha y afirla js nj` nm`mr quj haij`a sjhsdcd`dnan

Jljrbjr branm a branm nj` acdslm nj `a vdna para tmrharsj Jspigraverdtu bjhdm supjrdmr y jstm pmr sus prmpdmslaumlrdtms y jsfujrzms imhqudstar j` futurm gmra a gmra dr`dcjraacutehnmsj nigravea a nigravea uh pmim laacutes nj `a bahba nj `aspasdmhjs `dcjrarsj nj `as subjstdmhjs nj` jbmigraveslm nj

`a pjrjza nj` njsaacutehdlm rjsiatarsj pmim a pmim nj susffiaqujzas nj su dbhmrahida ayunahnm a sus sjljeahtjs arjsiatarsj a su vjz arrastrahnm tmnm j` ljndm gulahm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

gaida uh jstanm supjrdmr ta` js j` papj` ndstrdcudnm aiana a`la

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^a` js j` iaraacuteitjr imlp`jem nj` sjr gulahm5 jspigraverdtufujrza y latjrda jh qudjh sj rjsuljh tmnms ms j`jljhtmsimhstdtutdvms tmnas `as pmtjhidas nj` Zhdvjrsm ^mnm `mquj jstaacute jh hmsmtrms jstaacute jh j` Zhdvjrsm y tmnm `m qujjstaacute jh j` Zhdvjrsm sj jhiujhtra jh hmsmtrms [mr j`iujrpm ffiuigravendim y pmr j` iujrpm latjrda` j` gmlcrj jstaacuteuhdnm a `a dhljhsa jstruitura nj `a vdna uhdvjrsa` pmr j`a`la a tmnms `ms luhnms dhvdsdc`js y ndvdhms ^jhjlmsjh hmsmtrms j` dhstdhtm nj `a ahdla`dnan laacutes m ljhmsimlprdldnm pmr j` `arbm tracaem pmr `as prujcas nj `asjxdstjhidas pasanas y tjhjlms talcdaumlh `a irdsaacute`dna nj`aacutehbj` nj` sjr randahtj y purm quj pmnjlms vjhdr a sjrpmr a dlpu`sdugraveh lmra` pmr as aspdraidmhjs nj` imrazugraveh ypmr j` sairdfiidm imhstahtj nj` ‐ymldquo ^mialms imh `ms pdjs

`as prmfuhndnanjs smlcrigraveas nj` acdslm y imh a frjhtj as

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Ahabrala 34LMMNT S Imldhb Caio HT5 Cahtal Cmmos 1441

^jhjlms jh hmsmtrms j` dhstdhtm nj `aahdla`dnan laacutes m ljhms imlprdldnm

pmr j` `arbm tracaem pmr `as prujcas nj `asjxdstjhidas pasanas y tjhjlms talcdaumlh `a

irdsaacute`dna nj` aacutehbj` nj` sjr randahtj y purm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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36 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM

J` 3gt nj euhdm nj 14gt9 fuj para `a idunan nj Baumlhmva(Dta`da) uh nigravea jldhjhtjljhtj trdstj Zhm nj sus laacutesiauml`jcrjs dhvjstdbanmrjs psigravequdims partigravea gaida j` mtrm `anmnj a vdna a ms 71 antildems nj jnan njspuaumls nj gacjr njeanmjsirdtm para `a gdstmrda laacutes nj sjsjhta mcras y idjhtms njartigraveiu`ms casanms jh sus dhvjstdbaidmhjs

Jrhjstm Cmzzahm gacigravea haidnm jh `a ldsla idunanquj `j vdm lmrdr j` 4 nj jhjrm nj 1763 Yu fald`dajimhugraveldialjhtj aimlmnana `m rjidcdugrave euhtm imh mtrmsiuatrm gjrlahms laacutes mcsjrvahnm iugravelm sj njstaiacajh auml` uh almr apasdmhahtj pmr j` aprjhndzaej ^a` jra asigravequj a `ms iuatrm antildems suejtahnm imh sus pjqujntildeas lahmsuh vm`uldhmsm y ldstjrdmsm tmlm smcrj `a `dtjraturabjhmvjsa dhsdstigravea a su lanrj para quj j jhsjntildeara a `jjr`m

[asa j` tdjlpm y Cmzzahm js a`jhtanm a jstundar jhuha jsiuj`a taumlihdia pjrm a `ms iatmrij antildems tras luigas`aacutebrdlas js mc`dbanm pmr su panrj a acahnmhar`a Jstmfmrta`jidugrave su pjrsmha`dnan ya quj a partdr nj jhtmhijs suljta fuj anqudrdr imlm `jy uha brah iu`tura njspjrtahnmluigigravesdlm dhtjraumls pmr `ms brahnjs i`aacutesdims dta`dahms a`dtjratura fuj su prdljra vmiaidugraveh y tras imhvjrtdrsj jhuh autmndnaita js iapaz nj `jjr jh dhb`aumls `as mcras nj `ms

pmjtas ^gmlas Lmmrj [jriy Cyssgj Ygj``jy Emgh Ld`tmh yRd``dal Ygaojspjarj

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Ndvu`banmr jspigraverdta artdiu`dsta y imhfjrjhidahtj [artdidpa jhprmbralas nj randm y tj`jvdsdugraveh nj tjlaacutetdia jspdrdtua` Js prjsdnjhtjnj `a Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj Lanrdn Euah Ldbuj` Fjrhaacutehnjz

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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32CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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37 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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34DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Qujrdnm `jitmr jh jsta rjffijxdugraveh jhimhtralms uhparandbla jvm`utdvm quj jstaacute rjspa`nanm jh uha razugravehdhnunac`j5 iexcl[rmbrjsalms sdjlprj Aprmvjigjlms pujs mslmljhtms nj jsta rjjhiarhaidugraveh mcsjrvahnm nmldharhujstrms dhstdhtms ahdla`js a` fiha` iarbalms uha iarbafi`mbjhaumltdia nj `as jxpjrdjhidas nj` pasanm sdh tjhjr qujvm`vjr a j``as T imlm Oarnji ndem laquo`a ljtjlpsdimsds imlm`a jhtdjhnjh hm js vjrnanjraiquest9

( ranuiidugraveh nj m`a Bariigravea)

iexcl[rmbrjsalms sdjlprj Aprmvjigjlms

pujs `ms lmljhtms nj jstarjjhiarhaidugraveh mcsjrvahnm nmldharhujstrms dhstdhtms ahdla`js

9 Oarnji A``ah M dvrm nms Jspigraverdtms [rjbuhta 611 Jndidugraveh Mh`dhj FJC3 Oarnji A``ah M dvrm nms Jspigraverdtms [rjbuhta 619 Jndidugraveh Mh`dhj FJC

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3236

93 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

bull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aRjc5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjs

FaijCmmo5 wwwjspdrdtdslmiifaijcmmo

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`f5 +9gt 636 911 771

A`diahtjbull Ymidjnan Jspdrdtdsta A`diahtdhaNdrjiidugraveh5 I Cazaacuteh 3-3micro 91 A`diahtjRjc5 wwwsjajspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKsjajspdrdtaiml

^j`f5 +9gt 676 43 gt1

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta a uz nj` IaldhmNdrjiidugraveh5 Apartanm nj Imrrjms hmicro 122

99 bull Mrdguj`a (ADIAH^J)Rjc5 www`a`uznj`ialdhmiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 brupmjspdrdtaK`a`uznj`ialdhmiml ^j`f5 +9gt 46 964 1 rsquo +9gt 66 7gt4 627

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta a uz nj` [mrvjhdr Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Laumlndim `jnugrave 7 Caem - Apartanm 7

999 bull Irjvd``jhtj (ADIAH^J)Rjc5 www`a`uznj`pmrvjhdroarnjijs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 eahalmsomljhsoy143162Kblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 61 66 477

bull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms JspigraverdtasCjzjrra nj Ljhjzjs

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Cjhaiahtd` 2 - a Lata mrrjvdjea917 bull mrrjvdjea (ADIAH^J)

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ejsus211461Kyagmmjs

^j`f5 +9gt 61 6gt 364bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj CjhdnmrlNdrjiidugraveh5 I ^mlaacutes nj Mrtuntildem 4gt-3microA

91 bull Cjhdnmrl (ADIAH^J)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5ijhtrmjspdrdtacjhdnmrlKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 624 497 42

Carij`mhabull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj Dbua`anaNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Iarljh H 19- 1micro- 3ordf 72 bull Dbua`ana (CASIJMHA)Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsdbua`ana

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5jstundmsjspdrdtasdbua`anaKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 497 9 gt1 rsquo +9gt 64 1 3gt6

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ala`da Nmldhbm Ym`jr Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Vjhtura [`aea 1 - caems Ljtrm - Cana` 737 Carij`mhaRjc5 wwwijansoarnjijs Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijansKmhmiml ^j`f5 +9gt 66 913 672

Idunan Sja`bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Almr Fratjrhm Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Fjrrmiarrd` 22 196 bull A`iaacutezar nj Yah Euah (IDZNAN SJA)

Rjc5 wwwijalmrfratjrhmjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijhtrmjspdrdtaalmrfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 436 11 296

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ialdhm nj uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 Ahtdbua Iarrjtjra nj Lanrdn 3

193 bull Lahzaharjs (IDZNAN SJA)Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsijialdhmnj`uz Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijialdhmnj`uzKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 436 63 372 rsquo +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ejsotildes nj Hazarjt Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ymiuj``alms 2 192 bull mlj``msm (IDZNAN SJA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 larda`udsa436Kgmtlad`iml

^j`f +9gt 64 62 29

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Yah Iar`ms nj` Va``jNdrjiidugraveh5 I Salugraveh y Iaea` 12 193gt2 bull Yah Iar`ms nj` Va``j (IDZNAN SJA)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsajsiva

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijsva``jKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 436 69 7

Iugravernmcabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Almr y [rmbrjsmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Emsauml Mrtjba y Bassjt 4 1gt bull Lmhtd``a (IUgraveSNMCA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 almryprmbrjsmKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 42 6gt 921 rsquo +9gt 616 13 gt3

bull Fratjrhdnan Jspigraverdta Emsauml BrmssmNdrjiidugraveh5 IAhtmhdm Laura 3 9micro N

1gt bull IugravernmcaImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 fratjrhdnanemsjbrmssmKblad`iml

Rjc5 wwwimrnmcajspdrdtajs ^j`f5 9gt 42 396 gt39 rsquo 9gt 42 73

Ds`as Ca`jarjsbull Ijhtrm Jspdrdta Jllahuj`Ndrjiidugraveh5 mlaacutes Abud`ugrave Fmrtjza 93 211bull [a`la nj La``mria (DYAY CAJASJY)

Rjc5 wwwijhtrmjspdrdtajllahuj`ndvu`baidmhmrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijhtrmjspdrdtajllahuj`Kgmtlad`iml

j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 421 376 174 rsquo +9gt 694 316 gtgt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ds`as Ca`jarjs (IJDC)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a ^rmcana gt7 a-c

211bull [a`la nj La``mria (DYAY CAJASJY)

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijdcKijdcjs

Rjc5 wwwijdcjs

^j`f5 +9gt 62 47 7gt

aumlrdnabull Assmidaidugrave Jspigraverdta Mtus d Haumlral (AJMH)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Bjrlaha Ljriccedil Yahtaiaha 19 39 bull eumlrrjba (AumlSDNA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mtusdhjralKblad`iml

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsmtusdhjral ^j`f5 9gt 429 911 324

Lanrdnbull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj LanrdnNdrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a Cm`sa 1gt - 1micro niga

3713 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwjspdrdtaslanrdniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtaslanrdnKtj`jfmhdiahjt

Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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99Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta Frahidsim nj Asigraves nj`a Ydjrra

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a Iantildeana Sja` 33 1micro C37gt Im``anm Vd``a`ca (LANSDN)

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 f rahidsimnjasdsnj`asdjrraKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 627 16 441

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Jhtrj j` Idj`m y `a djrraNdrjiidugraveh5 Avna nj Lanrdn 34 `mia` 3767 bull Yah Lartigraveh nj Va`njdb`jsdas (LANSDN)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsjhtrjj`idj`my`atdjrra

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mab`dmKarraodsjs ^j`f5 +9gt 627 662 319 rsquo +9gt 627 662 313

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ljhsaejrms nj `a uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lanjra 1 - Caem

37gt bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwitvjsZYJSYijlj`gmljgtl

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijlj`lanrdnKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 9gt 41 976 3 77 rsquo 9gt 41 91gt 7 17bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms y Ndvu`baidugraveh

Jspigraverdta (IJTNJ)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lmhtjra 1-13 3ordf [`ahta - Hmicro 9 3719 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwijynjlanrdnmrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5aurmravaziaca``jrmKgmtlad`iml

ijynjlanrdnKyagmmjs

^j`f5 9gt 41 37 gt 71 rsquo +9gt 672 446 79

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundm Jspigraverdta jugraveh NjhdsNdrjiidugraveh5 Cmhjtjrm 9 ljtrm [dm WDD 3716 bull Lanrdn

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 `jmhnjhdsijKblad`imlRjc5 www`jmhnjhdsjs - wwwc`mb`jmhnjhdsjs

Laacute`ababull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas A``ah OarnjiNdrjiidugraveh5 I Gaumlrmjs nj Ymstma 29 J-1micro

343 bull Laacute`abaRjc5 wwwjndtmrajspdrdtaa``ahoarnjijs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 a`cmrahjndtmraKmhmiml

^j`f5 9gt 43 397 67 rsquo +9gt 62 7 32

Luridabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Sjidhtm nj [az Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a [az1 1micro N ([atdntildem) 913 LuridaRjc5 wwwijrjidhtmnjpazjs

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijrjidhtmnjpazKrjidhtmnjpazjs

ldbuj`ldvjbaKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 664 96 14

[mhtjvjnrabull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta [az Arlmhigravea y Iardnan

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Sotildea [jhds 31 - 1micro Niga 9631 bull Vdbm ([MH^JVJNSA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijpazarlmhdalmryiardnanKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 +9gt 61 7gt 136

Yjvd``abull Asmidaidugraveh Ijhtrm nj Jstundms

Jspigraverdtas nj Yjvd``aNdrjiidugraveh5 [rmspjrdnan 9 rdaha gt11 bull Yjvd``a

Rjc5 wwwjspdrdtassjvd``ajsImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 bjhmvjvala``mKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 4gt 379 7 rsquo +9gt 6 gt71 794

bull Brupm Jspigraverdta Hujvm Alahjijr Emahha nj Ahbj`ds

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ndjbm [ujrta 1 Jsi 9gt 2 A gt14 bull Yjvd``aRjc5 wwwhujvmalahjijrjspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtashujvmalahjijrKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 + 9gt 62 44 462 - + 9gt 62 44 46

^arrabmhabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Emahha nj Ahbj`dsNdrjiidugraveh5 [ucd`` Mrdm` 33

gt931 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 422 9gt6 16gt rsquo +9gt 63 gt61 67gt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Lahuj` y Ndva`nmNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Vdjhtm gt93 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)Rjc5 wwwijlyniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ar`dhbbKyagmmjs ^j`f5 +9gt 676 gt4 2gt6

Va`jhida

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Va`jhida Gmbar FratjrhmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Vd``ahujva nj Iastj``ugraveh 33 gt64 bull Va`jhidaRjc5 wwwasjsvamrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 gmbarfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 469 3 46 7

IJH^SMY JY[IgraveSD^AY MHDHJbull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aNdrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat (uhjs Ldaumlrim`js y Eujvjs 33g9)

Rjc5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`jfmhm5 +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas ‐YdhFrmhtjrasldquo

Ndrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat(Nmldhbms 31g)

Rjc5 gttp5ijjsdhfrmhtjrasjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijjsdhfrmhtjrasKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta

Abjhna Irdstdaha - JNDIJD gt ₠

A`cmrana Irdstdaha (Ljndahm) gt ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrDD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

Aacuternua Asijhsdugraveh 13 ₠

Atjhidugraveh (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ialdhm Vjrnan y Vdna - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Iartd``a nj` Cdjh - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Iuahnm Sjbrjsj `a [rdlavjra (Hmrla`) 2 ₠

Iujhtms Jspdrdtdstas 4 ₠

Njsnj a Mtra Vdna gt ₠

Njspdjrtj y Yja Fj`dz - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` A`la js Dhlmrta` 7 ₠

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta 4 ₠

J` Idj`m y j` Dhfijrhm - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Jspigraverdtu nj `a Vjrnan - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` Jvahbj`dm Yjbotildeh j` Jspdrdtdslm -JNDIJD

1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Yjr Yucimhsidjhtj 6 ₠

Jh `m Dhvdsdc`j 7 ₠

Jh `ms Nmldhdms nj `a Ljndulhdnan -JNDIJD

4 ₠

Jhtrj `a djrra y j` Idj`m - JNDIJD 4 ₠Jspdrdtdslm Lmnjrhm OA DJ ODHB - FJJ ₠

Jspdrdtdslm y Jim`mbigravea - JNDIJD 7 ₠

B`msardm Jspigraverdta (Cm`sd``m) 6 ₠

Buigravea [raacuteitdia nj` Jspdrdtdsta - FJJ ₠

Gdphmtdslm y Jspdrdtdslm 7 ₠

Ejsotildes jh j` Gmbar - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Eustdida Ndvdha - JNDIJD 7 ₠

a Baumlhjsds - JNDIJD 1 ₠

a Vdna jh Fald`da gt ₠

dcjraidugraveh - JNDIJD 4 ₠

as Vdnas Yuijsdvas 4 ₠

ms Ljhsaejrms - JNDIJD 7 ₠

ms Lujrtms Ydbujh Vdvdjhnm 6 ₠

Lahms Zhdnas (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljndtaidmhjs (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljlmrdas nj` [anrj Bjrlaacuteh 2 ₠

Ljhsaej nj uh Anm`jsijhtj njsnj j`Luhnm Jspdrdtua` - JNDIJD ₠

Ldsdmhjrms nj `a uz - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Lujrtj js Vdna 6 ₠

Hujstrm Gmbar - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Mcrjrms nj `a Vdna Jtjrha - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[ah Hujstrm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[jhsaldjhtm y Vdna - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Sj`dbdugraveh nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 177 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 174 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Yjntildea` Vjrnj gt ₠

Yjxm y Njstdhm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Ydjlcra nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Yuc`dlj Jxpdaidugraveh - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Vdna Fj`dz - JNDIJD 2 ₠

Lm`njahnm j` ^jrijr Ld`jhdm - Vdna yMcra nj Ndva`nm [ Frahim

1 ₠

Vdna y Yjxm - JNDIJD 6 ₠

T `a Vdna Imhtdhotildeahellip JNDIJD 7 ₠

dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ

Ugraverbahm jndtmrda` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a sdh aacutehdlm nj `uirm quj rjdhvdjrtj jh j` prmpdm

`dcrm jspigraverdta Yj gaijh jhvigravems imhtra rjjlcm`sm Gaba su pjndnm prjfjrdc`jljhtj pmr imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim adhfmKjspdrdtdslmii m pmr tj`aumlfmhm5 636 911 771

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Vdna ahtjs nj `a Vdna

Jhtrjvdsta a Iar`msSmcjrtm Ialpjttd

Jhfjrljnanjs nj` a`la[aacutebdha 1gt

Jvdnjhidas Idjhtigravefiias a favmr nj`a Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna [aacutebdha 3

[`ahjaldjhtm rjjhiarhatmrdm[aacutebdha 13

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐ms Gdems nj` Ayjrldquo

[aacutebdha 37

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 3bull Jndidugraveh Mitucrj 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

1 antildems nj J` `dcrm nj `ms laumlnduls

Jhtrjvdsta a` LaumlndulNdva`nm Frahim

Ljndulhdnan nj jfjitms figravesdims[aacutebdha 1gt

^rahsimluhdiaidugraveh dhstruljhta`[aacutebdha 3

Fmrlaidugraveh nj` Laumlndul[aacutebdha 13

Jspdrdtdslm jh a dtjratura

[aacutebdha 37

frac12Ejsotildes jra laumlndul=[aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 1bull Jndidugraveh Eu`dm 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Jspdrdtdslm imlm fi`msmfigravea nj vdna

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm57bull Jndidugravehacrd`31gtbull [rjidm59

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm52bull JndidugravehMitucrj 319bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

ms Ijhtrms jspdrdtdstas njcjh sjr`a iaacutetjnra nj` Jspigraverdtu nj Vjrnan

QZAuml JY J JY[DSD^DYLM=

DH^SMNZIIDUgraveHA IMHMIDLDJH^M NJ LZHNM DHVDYDCJ

[MS AY LAHDFJY^AIDMHJY NJ MY JY[IgraveSD^ZY

Imhtdjhj j` rjsuljh nj ms prdhidpdms nj a nmitrdha jspdrdtdsta y as rjs-pujstas a as prdhidpa`js mcejidmhjs

pmr

A``ah - Oarnjiautmr nj` dcrm nj ms jspigraverdtus y nj` dcrm nj ms Ljnduls

JNDIDUgraveH JIMHUgraveLDIA

[rjidm 3 rja`js

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh Jspantildea

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm56bull JndidugravehEu`dm319bull[rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5bull JndidugravehLarzm319bull [rjidm59₠

nj a FJJ

Jspdrdtdslm jh j` luhnm[aacutebdha 37

[rjiursmrjs nj` Jspdrdtdslm[aacutebdha 6

Artgur Imhah Nmy`j[aacutebdha 32

Idjhtigravefiims jspigraverdtas nj`sdb`m WDW [aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a rjvj`aidugraveh jspigraverdtay A``ah Oarnji [aacutebdha 17

a SjvujYpdrdtj [aacutebdha 3

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

a Vdna jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

[sdim`mbigravea jh j` laacutes a``aacute[aacutebdha 1gt

Aacutehbj`js BuarndahjsJspigraverdtus [rm-tjitmrjsFald`darjs y Ydlpaacutetdims

[aacutebdha 32[jrdjspigraverdtu

[aacutebdha 33

ms Yujntildems Jspdrdtua`js[aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐HMYYM ASldquo

Jhtrjvdsta aYahtdaba Hmbujrm [aacutebdha 1

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5gtbull JndidugravehYjptdjlcrj 313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

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^rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

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^rahsdidugraveh p`ahjtarda[aacutebdha 37

[`ura`dnan nj luhnms gacdtanms[aacutebdha 39

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Anjlaacutes

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a Larigravea nj `aBraida nj Jh-

njr [aacutebdha 12

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Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm59bull JndidugravehLarzm313bull [rjidm59

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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DHFMSLAIDUgraveH T SJYJSVAY5

YJISJ^ASIgraveA AumlIHDIAMSBAHDUA

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T YJLDHASDMY

bull J` Luhnm Dhvdsdc`j

bull Sjbrjsm a `a vdna jspdrdtua`

bull J` laacutes a``aacute nj` sudidna

bull a lotildesdia jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

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bull Jspigraverdtus y su gdstmrda jh `a gulahd-

nan

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I d ` n d d dc`

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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6 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull SJVZJ Y[DSD^J - Jhjrm nj 1766 LAHDFJY^AIDUgraveH NJ JY[IgraveSD^Z NJ MY AHDLAJY

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Hujstrm gmhmrac`j imrrjspmhndjhtj aitotildea imh sacdnurigraveaa` hm ndrdldr `a iujstdugraveh nj uh sm`m gjigm quj js aotildeh uhaprmcacd`dnan hm saia uha imhi`usdugraveh njfihdtdva imhstata mcsjrvaa `a jspjra nj quj `a `uz sj gaba Asigrave `m rjqudjrj `a prunjhidams gjigms nj jsj baumlhjrm hm smh aotildeh `m sufiidjhtjljhtjhuljrmsms hd sufiidjhtjljhtj asjvjranms para njnuidr nj j``msuha tjmrigravea afirlatdva m hjbatdva a iujstdugraveh nj` prdhidpdm y nj`fih nj` jspigraverdtu nj `ms ahdla`js imldjhza apjhas a jsi`arjijrsjy j` gjigm jh iujstdugraveh jstaacute rj`aidmhanm jh su jsjhida Yd hm js

uha d`usdugraveh imhstata a` ljhms j` `azm nj afihdnan quj jxdstj jhtrjj` Jspigraverdtu nj `ms ahdla`js m ljemr ndigm nj idjrtms ahdla`jsy j` nj` gmlcrj Anjlaacutes parjij pmsdtdvaljhtj prmcanm qujgay ahdla`js quj vjh `ms jspigraverdtus y smh dlprjsdmhanms gjlmsrj`atanm vardms jejlp`ms jh `a Sjvuj jhtrj mtrms j` nj laquoJ` Jspigraverdtuy j` pjrrdtmiquest jh j` hotildeljrm nj euhdm nj 176 Yd `ms ahdla`js vjh`ms Jspigraverdtus hm js jvdnjhtjljhtj ljndahtj `ms mems nj` iujrpm tdjhjh pujs uha jspjidj nj vdsta jspdr dtua`

Gasta j` prjsjhtj a idjhida sugrave`m ga imhstatanm as rj`aidmhjspsdim`ugravebdias jhtrj j` gmlcrj y `ms ahdla`js hms lujstra jh `mfigravesdim tmnms ms js`acmhjs nj a ianjha nj ms sjrjs sdh sm`uidugraveh njimhtdhudnan pjrm jhtrj j` prdhidpdm jspdrdtua` nj `ms nms Jspigraverdtusjxdstigravea uh acdslm sd `ms gjigms psdim`ugravebdims ljemr mcsjrvanmsvdjhjh a tjhnjr uh pujhtj smcrj j` acdslm sjraacute uh hujvm pasmnanm gaida `a uhdnan nj `a jsia`a nj `ms sjrjs y nj `a irjaidugravehHm js nj hdhbuha lahjra ljndahtj sdstjlas quj sj pujnjrjsm`vjr jsta bravj iujstdugraveh sdhm ljndahtj gjigms sd njcj sjr`ma`botildeh nigravea sugrave`m j` Jspdrdtdslm irjahnm `a psdim`mbigravea jxpjrdljhta`pmnraacute prmpmridmhar `ms ljndms Jh tmnm iasm sd jxdstjh puhtmsnj imhtaitm jhtrj j` a`la ahdla` y j` a`la gulaha sugrave`m pujnjsjr nj` `anm nj `a prdljra pmr j` nj `ms ahdla`js laacutes avahzanmsZh gjigm dlpmrtahtj a imhstatar js quj jhtrj `ms sjrjs nj`luhnm jspdrdtua` hm sj ga gjigm huhia ljhidugraveh nj `a jxdstjhidanj Jspigraverdtus nj ahdla`js [arjijrigravea pujs quj aumlstms hm imhsjrvahsu dhndvdnua`dnan tras `a lujrtj y pmr mtrm `anm jsa ba`ba quj sjgacrigravea lahdfjstanm parjijrigravea prmcar m imhtrardm

Vjlms sjbotildeh jstm quj `a iujstdugraveh jstaacute aotildeh pmim

njsarrm``ana y quj hm gay quj prjidpdtarsj jh rjsm`vjr`a ^ras sjr`jigravena a iar ta idtana jh a Ymidjnan nj [arigraves sj rjidcdugrave a sdbudjhtjimluhdiaidugraveh smcrj j` tjla jh iujstdugraveh

[arigraves 31 nj acrd` nj 176 - Laumlndul Yr J VaumlzyVmy a tmiar uha bravj iujstdugraveh jsta hmigj gac`aacutehnmms nj

`as rj`aidmhjs jxdstjhtjs jhtrj `a ahdla`dnan y `a gulahdnan [jrmjh jstj rjidhtm iuahnm pmr prdljra vjz lds dhstruiidmhjs msjhsjntildeacah `a sm`dnardnan nj tmnas `as jxdstjhidas y `as afihdnanjsquj jxdstjh jhtrj j``as uh lurlu``m sj jsiuigugrave prmvjhdjhtj njuha partj nj jsta asalc`ja y lj ia``auml frac12Njcjrauml gaijr `m ldslmgmy a pjsar nj vujstras prjbuhtas= Hm pmrquj a` fih ms vjmpjhjtrar jh `a vigravea quj ms dhndiaca

[jrm hm casta imh njtjhjrsj jh irjjr sm`aljhtj jh

j` prmbrjsm dhijsahtj nj` Jspigraverdtu jlcrdugraveh jh `a latjrda ynjsarrm``aacutehnmsj pasahnm pmr j` fi`trm nj` ldhjra` nj` vjbjta`nj` ahdla` para ``jbar a `a gulahdla`dnan nmhnj jlpdjza a

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suijsdvas trahsfmrlaidmhjs Ms gac`arauml jh mtra miasdugraveh nj `msvigravehiu`ms quj rj`aidmhah j` ldhjra` a` vjbjta` j` vjbjta` a` ahdla`ya quj uh fjhugraveljhm quj ms smrprjhnj hms ``jva a `ms `azms qujrj`aidmhah j` ahdla` a` gmlcrj ms vmy a gac`ar nj jstms otilde`tdlms

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dhtjrljndardm nj uh njsarrm``m a` mtrm a trajr`j uh rjiujrnm alahdfjstaidugraveh pujnj pujs prmnuidrsj pjrm js pasaejra ya qujpara j` ahdla` para sucdr uh branm `j js hjijsardm uh tracaem`atjhtj quj ahdqud`a tmnm sdbhm jxtjrhm nj vdna Jsj jstanmjs `a irdsaacute`dna jspdrdtua` nmhnj sj j`acmra j` a`la pjrdjspigraverdtudhfmrlj quj hm tdjhj hdhbuha fibura imh rasbms rjprjsjhtatdvmsqujcraacutehnmsj jh uh jstanm nj lanurjz para njear jsiapar jhimrrdjhtjs quj `ms arrastrah `ms baumlrljhjs nj a`las quj gahji`msdmhanm agigrave Hms sjrigravea pujs ndfigraveid` gac`arms nj `ms Jspigraverdtusnj ahdla`js nj` jspaidm hm jxdstjh m laacutes cdjh su pasm js tahjfigraveljrm quj js iasd hu`m y quj jh jstanm nj irdsaacute`dna hm pujnjhsjr njsirdtms

Ta sacaumlds quj hana lujrj nj a latjr da quj sj njsimlpmhjiuahnm uh iujrpm sj ndsuj`vj `ms ndvjrsms j`jljhtms quj `mimlpmhjh `j rji`alah `a partj quj `j gah nmhanm5 mxigravebjhmgdnrugravebjhm hdtrugravebjhm iarcmhm rjtmrhah a su fujhtj prdldtdva paraa`dljhtar mtrms iujrpms miurrj `m ldslm imh `a partj jspdrdtua`5`ms ffiudnms mrbahdzanms jspdrdtua`js tmlah a` pasar im`mrjspjrfuljs dhstdhtms gasta `a njfihdtdva imhstdtuidugraveh nj` a`la

frac12Lj imlprjhnaumlds cdjh= ^jhnrigravea sdh nuna quj jxp`diarljljemr pjrm para tjrldhar pmr jsta hmigj y hm gaijrms supmhjr mdlpmsdc`j ms asjburm quj `m quj js nj` nmldhdm nj `a dhtj`dbjhidaahdla` hm pujnj rjprmnuidrsj pmr `a dhtj`dbjhida gulaha js njidrquj j` ahdla` sja iua` sja hm pujnj rjffijear su pjhsaldjhtmpmr j` `jhbuaej gulahm sus dnjas smh luy rundljhtardas para tjhjr `a pmsdcd`dnan nj jxprjsarsj imlm `m garigravea j` Jspigraverdtu njuh gmlcrj `j sjrigraveah hjijsardms pjhsaldjhtms imhmidldjhtms

y uh njsarrm``m quj hm tdjhj quj hm pujnj tjhjr ^jhjn pujsimlm ijrtjza quj hd pjrrm hd batm hd ashm hd iaca``m m j`jfahtjpujnjh lahdfjstarsj pmr vigravea ljndahigraveldia ms Jspigraverdtus ``jbanms a`branm nj `a gulahdnan smh `ms otildehdims quj pujnjh gaijr`m y auhnjpjhndjhnm nj su anj`ahtm pmrquj j` Jspigraverdtu nj uh sa`vaej hmpmnraacute gac`arms imlm j` nj uh gmlcrj idvd`dzanm

Hmta5 Jstas otilde`tdlas rjffijxdmhjs nj` Jspigraverdtu gah sdnmlmtdvanas pmr `a idtaidugraveh gjiga jh `a sjsdugraveh pmr pjrsmhas qujprjtjhnigraveah gacjr rjidcdnm imluhdiaidmhjs nj ndvjrsms ahdla`jsImlm jxp`diaidugraveh nj` gjigm idtanm su tjmrigravea js raidmha` yimhiujrna jh j` fmhnm imh `as quj prjva`jijh gmy jh nigravea jh`as dhstruiidmhjs nanas jh `a laymrigravea nj `ms ijhtrms Iuahnmgayalms rjuhdnm sufiidjhtjs nmiuljhtms `ms rjsuldrjlms jhuh iujrpm nj nmitrdha ljtugravendia quj sjraacute smljtdnm a` imhtrm`uhdvjrsa` gasta agmra sugrave`m smh ea`mhjs im`mianms smcrj `a rutapara sjntildea`ar`a

(^ranuiidugraveh nj Eavdjr Smnrigravebujz)

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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2JY[IgraveSD^Z T LA^JSDA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

Jxaumlbjta y jstundmsm Fmrla partj nj `a Ymidjnan JspdrdtdstaA`diahtdha jh A`diahtj nj `a iua` aitua`ljhtj js su vdijprjsdnjhtj

Eavdjr Smnrigravebujz

JY[IgraveSD^Z T LA JSDA

Jh j` prdhidpdm irjugrave Ndms `ms idj`ms y `a tdjrraT `a tdjrra jstaca njsmrnjhana y vaiigravea

y `as tdhdjc`as jstacah smcrj `a faz nj` acdslm y j` Jspigraverdtu nj Ndms sj lmvigravea smcrj `a faz nj `as

abuasa Cdc`da Baumlhjsds 151-3

Jstms smh `ms nms prdljrms vjrsigraveiu`ms nj `a Cdc`da qujga``alms jh j` `dcrm nj Baumlhjsds y smh luy sdbhdfiiatdvmsVjlms aquigrave sjbotildeh `a vdsdugraveh eunjmirdstdaha imlm Ndmsprjsdnj y ndrdbj `a Irjaidugraveh nj` Zhdvjrsm latjrda` imh susp`ahjtas sm`js ba`axdas iotildelu`ms nj ba`axdas sotildepjr-iotildelu`msy njlaacutes mcejtms nj` jspaidm jxtjrdmr laquo`ms idj`msiquest y jhpartdiu`ar nj `a ^djrra Hms gac`a nj `a Irjaidugraveh nj `alatjrda vdsdc`j j dhvdsdc`j nj `a imhmidna y njsimhmidnanj `a pmhnjrac`j y nj `a dlpmhnjrac`j nj `a latjrday nj `a ahtd-latjrda ta` imlm sj vds`ulcra gmy jh nigraveapmr `a idjhida tjrrjha Vjlms talcdaumlh imlm j` jspigraverdtu1 (nj Ndms) p`ahja smcrj tmnm j``m laquo`as abuasiquest euhtahnmabrjbahnm ala`balahnm mrnjhahnm jsj iams nj latjrdaprdldbjhda nj bas y pm`vm jstj`ar lm`njahnm jh njfihdtdva`m quj vjhnrigravea a sjr hujstrm qujrdnm p`ahjta ^djrra ysdstjla sm`ar Asigrave tjhjlms aquigrave prjsjhtanms `ms nmsj`jljhtms caacutesdims nj` Zhdvjrsm nj `a Irjaidugraveh5 j` jspigraverdtuy `a latjrda euhtaljhtj imh Ndms j` irjanmr tmnm j``mjhvuj`tm jh uh ga`m pmaumltdim luy a` usm nj `ms tdjlpms yimstulcrjs nj `ms gjcrjms y pujc`ms mrdjhta`js

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panrj nj tmnas `as imsas Ndms j` jspigraverdtu y `a latjrda smhj` prdhidpdm nj tmnm `m quj jxdstj `a trdhdnan uhdvjrsa`ldquoiquestfrac12Imdhidnjhida= frac12imhimrnahida= lj dhi`dhm laacutes pmr `msjbuhnm a` imhsdnjrar quj `a Cdc`da jh su imheuhtm jstaacute

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull JY[IgraveSD^Z T LA^JSDA

A jstms nms j`jljhtms gacrigravea quj antildeandr uh tjrijrmquj js j` F`udnm Iugravesldim Zhdvjrsa` Aumlstj aituarigravea imlmdhtjrljndardm jhtrj j` jspigraverdtu y `a latjrda para quj j`prdljrm pujna dhtjraiidmhar imh j` sjbuhnm a` sjr nmsj`jljhtms ndsmidanms tah ndfjrjhtjs uhm nj` mtrm Yjrigraveaimlm uha jspjidj nj ialpm nj a`botildeh tdpm nj fujrza qujjlaharigravea nj` jspigraverdtu sucmrndhanm a` dhffiuem nj `a vm`uhtannj` ldslm [ara imlprjhnjr jstm a ligrave lj ayuna j`dlabdharlj uh pjqujntildem jxpjrdljhtm nj figravesdia5 Yj imbjuh dlaacuteh uha gmea nj papj` y `dlanura nj gdjrrm y sjim`mia j` dlaacuteh jhidla nj uha ljsa pmr jejlp`m `a gmeanj papj` jhidla y sj jspm`vmrja `a `dlanura nj gdjrrmjhidla nj `a gmea Vjlms imlm `a `dlanura nj gdjrrm (`a

latjrda) va fmrlahnm `igravehjas smcrj j` papj` a`rjnjnmrnj` dlaacuteh (j` jspigraverdtu) sdbudjhnm `as `igravehjas nj fujrza nj`ialpm labhaumltdim (j` ffiudnm iugravesldim uhdvjrsa`) bjhjranmjhtrj `ms pm`ms hjbatdvms y pmsdtdvms imhijhtraacutehnmsjpartdiu`arljhtj jh `ms ldslms Sjpdtm quj jstm sugrave`m jsuh jejlp`m para ayunar a `a imlprjhsdugraveh nj` fjhugraveljhmya quj prmcac`jljhtj `a rja`dnan sja luigm laacutesimlp`jea y nj gjigm `m sja

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Jsj pjrdjspigraverdtu sjrigravea jhtrj mtras prmpdjnanjs j`abjhtj ljndahtj a` iua` `ms jspigraverdtus pujnjh lahdfjstarsjy gasta rjvjstdrsj tjlpmra`ljhtj nj latjrda j`

jitmp`aslagt

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caem j` rdburmsm imhtrm` nj idjhtigravefiims nj rjhmlcrj ta`jsimlm R Irmmojs A S Ra``aij I Sdigjt I mlcrmsmI F`allardmh B Gald`tmh6 y mtrms

ms idjhtigravefiims quj hm gah jstundanm j` fjhugraveljhma fmhnm aotildeh hm gah aijptanm jsas jvdnjhidas idjhtigravefiiasimlm vaacute`dnas `m taigah nj fraunj pmr partj nj `mslaumlnduls quj gah imhsjbudnm jhbantildear pmr ljndm njartdlantildeas a cujha fj nj ms im`jbas quj m gah mcsjrvanm

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fujrzas jh `a gulahdnan tjrrjha= frac12a idjhida mfiida`aijptaraacute a`botildeh nigravea `a jxdstjhida nj` jspigraverdtu imlm fujrzarja` nj` uhdvjrsm= frac12as imhfjsdmhjs rj`dbdmsas aijptaraacuteh `asimhi`usdmhjs nj `a idjhida= Tm irjm quj sigrave y j` Jspdrdtdslmimlm idjhida nj mcsjrvaidugraveh nj jsms fjhugraveljhms qujprjtjhnj sjr y imlm fi`msmfigravea jspdrdtua`dsta quj js acmbapmr j``m [msdc`jljhtj hm `m vjalms jh vdna hdhbuhm nj`ms quj jstalms agmra aquigrave pjrm ``jbaraacute hm `m nunm yimlm jspigraverdtus jtjrhms quj smlms `m vjrjlms

9 a Cdc`da D Imr 15gtgt

gt Jitmp`asla5 hmlcrj imh j` iua` Igar`js Sdigjt njsdbhugrave uha sustahida imrpmra`jxunana pmr `ms laumlnduls nj jfjitms figravesdims jh trahij a travaumls nj `ms pmrms yndvjrsms mrdfiidms nj` iujrpm FALLASDMH I as fujrzas hatura`js njsimhmidnas Carij`mha 5 Lauiid147=6 Vaumlasj5 ms arigdvms nj ^B Gald`tmh _Jh `igravehja 0gttp5survdva`aftjrnjatgc`mbspmtimljs3112`ms-arigdvms-t-b-gald`tmhgtl`8

Njcjlms aijptar quj smh nms fujrzas nj`uhdvjrsm quj sj mpmhjh y quj sj uhjh a`ldslm tdjlpm sj dhffiujhidah y tracaeah uhasmcrj `a mtra y quj vah sdjlprj uhdnas a` sjr`as nms mrdbdhardas nj uha ldsla fujhtj Ndms

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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4BAumlHJYDY [AHJ^ASDM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

BAumlHJYDY

[AHJ^ASDM

Ga jstundanm Idjhidas Figravesdias jh Crasd` Yj njndia dhtjhsaljhtj a`a ndvu`baidugraveh nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh ljndms jsirdtms randm j DhtjrhjtFmrla partj nj `a Imldsdugraveh nj Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Nmitrdha Jspigraverdtanj `a Fjj

I`aacuteunda Cjrharnjs

nj Iarva`gm

a bjm`mbigravea js uha nj `as idjhidas hatura`jsfuhnaljhta`js a`bm laacutes njsimhmidna quj sus gjrlahaslaymrjs5 `a astrmhmligravea `a figravesdia `a quigraveldia y `a cdm`mbigravea Jh `acata``a nj `as dnjas iuahnm qujrjlms rjspujstas aijria nj`a urahmbrafigravea nj `a ^djrra jstundalms nj fmrla rdburmsa `aimlpmsdidugraveh `a jstruitura dhtjrha `ms prmijsms jvm`utdvms`as prmpdjnanjs figravesdias ndhaacuteldia j gdstmrda nj `ms latjrda`js

tjrrjstrjs Jstms ahaacute`dsds imhtrdcuyjh a` jhtjhndldjhtm nj `afmrlaidugraveh nj `a imr tjza tjrrjstrj

frac12Quauml pmnjlms sacjr njhtrm nj `ms imhijptmsjpdstaumlldims nj `a vjrnan rja`dnan y mcejtdvdnan nj `a baumlhjsdsp`ahjtarda= Luigas smh `as gdpugravetjsds idjhtigravefiias sdh jlcarbm`a Imndfiiaidugraveh Jspigraverdta hms jhsjntildea quj hujstrm mrcj asigraveimlm `ms njlaacutes p`ahjtas quj ffiuitotildeah jh j` jspaidm smhlasas quj sdrvjh nj ndfjrjhtjs lahjras a `ms jspigraverdtusA`buhms nj j``ms sj jhiujhtrah jh jstandms dhdida`js mtrms yaa`cjrbah a jspigraverdtus ldjhtras mtrms tahtms jstaacuteh jh prmijsmnj jxtdhidugraveh

ms jspigraverdtus quj ya a`iahzarmh j` branm nj purjza

smh `ms arqudtjitms jstj`arjs quj sdjlprj mcjnjijh a`jyjs jtjrhas y tdjhjh imlm tarja im`acmrar imh Ndms jh`a fmrlaidugraveh nj `ms luhnms utd`dzahnm y tracaeahnm `asjhjrbigraveas jh `a brah sdhfmhigravea nj `a jvm`uidugraveh Jh su mrdbjh jsmsc`mqujs njfmrljs nj lasas im`msa`js smh lahdpu`anms pmrjsms prmyjitdstas jh j` `acmratmrdm uhdvjrsa` trahsfmrlahnm`a latjrda dlpmhnjrac`j jh pmhnjrac`j J``ms `m gaijhrjtdrahnm nj` a`laiaumlh uhdvjrsa` `ms rjiursms jhjrbaumltdimspara ta` fih

frac12Quauml pmnjr js jstj quj imlpmrta talantildea fujrzaiapaz nj njsp`azar miaumlahms y jrdbdr lmhtantildeas= frac12Iuaacutehtasimhlmidmhjs vdm`jhtas fujrmh hjijsardas para quj j` p`ahjtajstuvdjra jh as ljemrjs imhndidmhjs para a`cjrbar a` jspigraverdtujh jvm`uidugraveh= Luigms ndraacuteh quj jsa fujrza js `a Hatura`jzasdh jlcarbm smh `ms jspigraverdtus purms qudjhjs immrndhah jsmsprmijsms y fujrzas caem jstrditms imlahnms y imhndidmhah

`ms dhhuljrac`js p`ahjtas para aimbjr jspigraverdtus jhiarhanms mnjsjhiarhanms Jh hujstrm iasm njspuaumls nj `a ab`mljraidugravehffiuigravendia j` mrcj tjrrjhm tmnavigravea hm jstaacute prjparanm paraa`cjrbar `a vdna ta` imlm `a imhmijlms

[ara njtjrldhar uha uhdnan bjmirmhm`ugravebdia nj `a^djrra y mctjhjr uha hmidugraveh rj`atdva a su fmrlaidugraveh sjrja`dza uha jstdlaidugraveh a travaumls nj uha dhspjiidugraveh nj sus

jxtraitms jxaldhahnm `ms njpugravesdtms suijsdvms supjrpujstmsAha`dzahnm jsms pjrigravemnms bjm`ugravebdims mcsjrvalms quj`a ^djrra ga pasanm pmr vardas fasjs jh su fmrlaidugraveh Jsasfasjs m trahsfmrlaidmhjs fujrmh sjiu`arjs pmr `m tahtm

trasiurrdjrmh imh `jhtdtun `m quj ``jvugrave a quj `ms j`jljhtmsquj imhstdtuyjh j` b`mcm sj jqud`dcrasjh pau`atdhaljhtja`iahzahnm `a pmsdidugraveh njsjana jxijptuahnm j` pjrigravemnmnd`uvdahm nmhnj j` ialcdm fuj laacutes sotildecdtm A` jxaldhar `asiapas bjm`ugravebdias sj pujnj afirlar nj lahjra luy ijriahaa `a rja`dnan sd jstas zmhas jstacah miupanas pmr lar `abmscmsqujs p`ahdidjs m pmc`anms pmr ahdla`js tjrrjstrjs [mrimhsdbudjhtj ms jxtraitms supjrpujstms dhndiah uha prujcadhj`undc`j nj sd `a zmha smpmr tugrave m hm vdna prdldtdva

Vjalms imh laacutes njtjhdldjhtm sjbotildeh a Baumlhjsds dcrm nj`a Imndfiiaidugraveh Jspigraver dta nms fujrmh as iausas quj favmrjidjrmh`ms ialcdms jh `a fmrlaidugraveh nj `a ^djrra5 j` fujbm y j` abuaJ` prdljrm a travaumls nj` guhndldjhtm nj `ms suj`ms pmr `afujrza nj` fujbm jh `as jrupidmhjs vm`iaacutehdias quj jlpuearmhj` abua a zmhas dhfjrdmrjs A imhtdhuaidugraveh `a sjbuhna iausa j`abua aituugrave imh drrupidmhjs njscmrnaldjhtms dhuhnaidmhjsy aiulu`aidmhjs nj tdjrras jh `as njsjlcmianuras nj `msrigravems jxpu`sahnm `a lar y irjahnm hujvms tjrrdtmrdms

Jh j` jstanm prdldtdvm nj` b`mcm `ms aigataldjhtmsnj `ms pm`ms nj `a ^djrra smh dhndidms nj quj jh sus dhdidmsjstuvm jh jstanm ffiuigravendim jstanm quj punm njcjrsj a quj `alatjrda a` prdhidpdm jstuvdjra `diuana pmr `a aiidugraveh nj` fujbmm nd`udna pmr j` abua J` ia`mr jh j` dhtjrdmr nj `a ^djrra `asfujhtjs tjrla`js fujbms lasas fuhndnas jsiupdnas pmr `ms

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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1 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull BAumlHJYDY [AHJ^ASDM

vm`iahjs `as brdjtas fmrlanas pmr `ms tjlc`mrjs nj tdjrrashm njeah nuna nj su dhtjrdmr igravebhjm nj jsj lmnm rjsu`ta`ugravebdim quj su jstanm pastmsm mrdbdhardm njcj gacjr tjhdnmimlm iausa prdlmrnda` j` ia`mr y hm j` abua [mr `m tahtmjh su mrdbjh `a ^djrra fuj uha lasa dhiahnjsijhtj quj aimhsjiujhida nj a randaidugraveh ia`ugraverdia sj jhfrdugrave nj fujra gaidanjhtrm fmrlahnm uha imrtjza jh su supjrfiidj ldjhtras sudhtjrdmr pjrlahjij ffiudnm

^mnm jh j` prdhidpdm js imhfusdugraveh jh uha aparjhtjsdtuaidugraveh iaugravetdia nmhnj `as jhjrbigraveas sj jhfrigraveah luy`jhtaljhtj Njsnj `a fmrlaidugraveh tjrrjha `ms aacutetmlms smh`ms ldslms hd uhm laacutes hd uhm ljhms pjrm a imhsjiujhida

nj` jhfrdaldjhtm sj fmrlarmh hujvas imlcdhaidmhjs ^mnmsaquj``ms j`jljhtms susijptdc`js nj vm`atd`dzarsj pasarmha jstanm basjmsm a njhsdnan nj tmnms jsms basjs jhsuspjhsdugraveh imhfjrigravea uha mpaidnan ta` quj hm pjhjtraca `a`uz nj` sm` sdjhnm dhiapaz nj mfrjijr ialpm faumlrtd` a `a vdna

J` prdljr jfjitm nj` jhfrdaldjhtm y prmnuitm ndrjitmnj `a sm`dndfiiaidugraveh nj `a supjrfiidj jxtjrdmr quj iaraitjrdzaj` pjrigravemnm prdlardm fuj `a fmrlaidugraveh nj` brahdtm Jsaimhnjhsaidugraveh nj `ms ljta`js fmrlugrave `a imstra sm`dndfiiananj` b`mcm quj iucrj partj nj `a supjrfiidj p`ahjtarda y jsimhsdnjrana j` jsquj`jtm tjrrjhm

J` sjbuhnm jfjitm fuj `a `diujfaiidugraveh nj `ms vapmrjs quj

sj prjidpdtarmh smcrj j` suj`m Yj prmnuejrmh `uvdas nj ljta`jsquj iausarmh fisuras vjtas y fi`mhjs jh j` brahdtm iausahnmnjsimlpmsdidmhjs suijsdvas Idi`ms dhdhtjrrulpdnms njprjidpdtaidmhjs y jvapmraidmhjs prmpdidarmh `a caeana nj `a

tjlpjratura Ahaacuterqudia ljzi`a nj j`jljhtms iaraitjr dzugravejsj pjrigravemnm prdlardm nmhnj imlm ya sj jxp`diugrave hdhbotildeh sjrvdvm punm jxdstdr

Jh j` pjrigravemnm nj trahsdidugraveh j` pjqujntildem jspjsmr nj`a imrtjza brahigravetdia prmpmridmhaca uha naumlcd` rjsdstjhidaAcuhnahtjs nd`ataidmhjs y njsp`azaldjhtms pjrldtdjrmhquj `a `ava dhtjrdmr sj trahscmrnara J` adrj fuj `dcjrahnm`as latjrdas laacutes pjsanas pmr prjidpdtaidugraveh sdjhnm aumlstas

arrastranas y ndsuj`tas jh j` abua quj pmsjigravea pmiaprmfuhndnan y iucrigravea iasd tmna `a supjrfiidj

Jh jsj tdjlpm `ms jhtjs cdm`ugravebdims tmnavigravea hm jxdstigraveah

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a`tjraidugraveh laacutes njstaiac`jJh jsj pjrigravemnm imljhzarmh a fmrlarsj `ms jxtraitms

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imh `a aiidugraveh nj` ia`mr y `a guljnan prmpdidugrave j` alcdjhtjdnugravehjm a` surbdldjhtm nj `as p`ahtas iucrdjhnm raacutepdnaljhtj`a supjrfiidj imh vjbjtaidugraveh acuhnahtj y jxucjrahtj a`

tdjlpm quj `as p`ahtas aiuaacutetdias talcdaumlh sj lu`tdp`diarmhA imhsjiujhida nj` njsp`azaldjhtm nj` abua quj sjbuigraveasu idi`m hatura` `ms tjrrjhms fujrmh dhuhnanms y iucdjrtmspmr sjndljhtms nj ta` lmnm quj vardas bjhjraidmhjsa`tjrhanaljhtj jstuvdjrmh smljtdnas a sjquigravea y rjpmc`aidugravehahdqud`anms y rjhmvanms nj fmrla iigravei`dia

Jh j` pjrigravemnm sjiuhnardm `a vjbjtaidugraveh im`msa` y `msahdla`js njsaparjijh njcdnm a `ms iatai`dslms y a` ialcdmnj imhndidmhjs atlmsfaumlrdias iaraitjrdzanms pmr brahnjs

`jvahtaldjhtms y jrupidmhjs vm`iaacutehdias Jh jsa aumlpmia `avjbjtaidugraveh irjij njspaidm pmr `a ndsldhuidugraveh nj` ia`mry `a guljnan ms ahdla`js smh tmnavigravea aiuaacutetdims surbjh

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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11BAumlHJYDY [AHJ^ASDM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

`ms ahficdms y sj njstaia jh jsa jra `a apardidugraveh nj brahnjsrjptd`js Jh jsj pjrigravemnm `a vdna ahdla` a`iahzugrave uh jhmrljnjsarrm``m imlm gacigravea miurrdnm imh `a vjbjtaidugraveh jh j`pjrigravemnm ahtjrdmr J` adrj laacutes purdfiianm pjrldtdugrave quj `msahdla`js vdvdjsjh smcrj `a ^djrra Njsaparjijh `ms ahdla`jsaiuaacutetdims bdbahtjsims sustdtudnms pmr ahdla`js ahaacute`mbms pjrmlaacutes prmpmridmhanms y nj talantildem laacutes rjnuidnm

Jh j` pjrigravemnm tjridardm j` jstanm alcdjhta` ialcdahujvaljhtj prmpdidahnm imhndidmhjs nj vdta`dnan quj sjaprmxdlah a` jstanm aitua` aparjidjhnm hujvas jspjidjs imhmrbahdzaidugraveh laacutes pjrfjita y quj sj anaptah a `a hatura`jzanj` ljndm nmhnj smh ``alanms a vdvdr Agmra `a jhvm`tura

nj `a imstra tjrrjstrj tdjhj laymr jspjsmr prmpmridmhahnmuha imhsdnjrac`j rjsdstjhida a `a aiidugraveh nj` fujbm dhtjrdmrNj fmrla hm sdlu`taacutehja sj fmrlarmh `ms pdims y ianjhasnj lmhtantildeas `m quj miasdmhugrave quj `a supjrfiidj nj` suj`m sjvm`vdjra njsdbua` y quj `as abuas fujrah jlpueanas a zmhasdhfjrdmrjs trahsfmrlahnm j` aspjitm nj` b`mcm

J` pjrigravemnm nd`uvdahm jstaacute larianm pmr j` laymriatai`dslm nj` p`ahjta pmr tmnas partjs qujnah sjntildea`jsnj ta`js imhvu`sdmhjs as abuas dhvandjrmh `ms imhtdhjhtjslmndfiiahnm randia`ljhtj j` pahmrala gasta jhtmhijsjxdstjhtj y `ms pm`ms imljhzarmh a iucrdrsj nj gdj`mfmrlahnm `ms b`aidarjs `m iua` apuhta a quj gucm uhsdbhdfiiatdvm ialcdm nj tjlpjratura b`mca` ^mnms `msga``azbms idjhtigravefiims ``jvah a pjhsar quj jsj ialcdm fujcrusim

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Hm gacigravea imhndidmhjs nj vdta`dnan para j` gmlcrj jh`ms pjrigravemnms ahtjrdmrjs sdh jlcarbm gay njsiucrdldjhtmsrjidjhtjs quj parjijh imhfirlar quj a`botildeh jspaumlidljh

jxdstigravea ahtjs nj` pjrigravemnm nd`uvdahm pjrm `m idjrtm js qujsu prm`dfjraidugraveh smcrj `a ^djrra imljhzugrave a jscmzarsj imhalp`dtun jh j` pjrigravemnm pmsnd`uvdahm Jh a Baumlhjsds sj pujnjjhimhtrar5 laquoJsj pjrigravemnm (pmsnd`uvdahm) pujnj iaraitjrdzarsjpmr `a prjsjhida nj` gmlcrj jh `a ^djrraiquest Yubjrdlms `a`jitura nj` iapigravetu`m W nj` ldslm `dcrm nmhnj sj jxp`dia `afmrlaidugraveh dhdida` nj `ms sjrjs vdvms bjhjraidugraveh jspmhtaacutehjajsia`a nj `ms sjrjs mrbaacutehdims y j` gmlcrj imrpmra`

Ld``arjs nj antildems smh dlprjsidhndc`js para quj ianafasj pjrsdba su jstacd`dnan smh hjijsardas rjvm`uidmhjsbjhjra`js y parida`js nj` b`mcm para a`iahzar j` aspjitmaitua` prmpdidahnm nj jsj lmnm `ms alcdjhtjs rjqujrdnms a

`a jvm`uidugraveh nj `a vdna mnms `ms pjrigravemnms fujrmh hjijsardmspara quj `ms sjrjs vdvms jvm`uidmhasjh sdjhnm j` sjr gulahmj` aacutepdij nj jsj njsarrm``m

a ^djrra fuj prjparana para quj j` gmlcrj tuvdjra`as ljemrjs imhndidmhjs nj supjrvdvjhida iuahnm ``jbara j`lmljhtm nj miupar tjlpmra`ljhtj jstj p`ahjta para a

travaumls nj `a jhiarhaidugraveh jejrijr sus faiu`tanjs nj jspigraverdtudhlmrta` Iuahnm vuj`va a` luhnm jspdrdtua` nj nmhnj jsmrdbdhardm j` jspigraverdtu pmnraacute miupar nj aiujrnm a su hdvj`jvm`utdvm mtrms luhnms talcdaumlh prjparanms para sunjsarrm``m nmhnj sjbudraacute su fmrlaidugraveh

Ld``arjs nj antildems smh dlprjsidhndc`js paraquj iana fasj pjrsdba su jstacd`dnan smhhjijsardas rjvm`uidmhjs bjhjra`js y parida`jsnj` b`mcm para a`iahzar j` aspjitm aitua`prmpdidahnm nj jsj lmnm `ms alcdjhtjsrjqujrdnms a `a jvm`uidugraveh nj `a vdna

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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13 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull A JVMZIDMH AHIgraveLDIA

A JVMZIDMH AHIgraveLDIA

Dhbjhdjrm Dhnustrda` Ndvu`banmr jspigraverdta y rjnaitmr nj` pjrdugravendim J` Aacutehbj`nj` Cdjh puc`dianm pmr j` I J ‐Jhtrj j` Idj`m y a djrraldquo nj Yah Lartigravehnj Va`njdb`jsdas (Lanrdn)

Emsauml Dbhaidm Lmnaldm

Hana pjrlahjij jstaidmhardm jh `a Hatura`jza tmnm jvm`uidmha jh iulp`dldjhtm nj `a jy nj [rmbrjsma travaumls nj `a rjjhiarhaidugraveh y nj `ms ljiahdslms njanaptaidugraveh y gjrjhida Jh iana jhiarhaidugraveh dhtjbralms`a gjrjhida figravesdim-dhstdhtdva nj hujstrms panrjs imh `agjrjhida nj hujstras imhqudstas fisdmpsdimsmlaacutetdias njjxdstjhidas pasanas dhtjbranas jh hujstrm pjrdjspigraverdtupjrldtdaumlhnmhms njsarrm``ar hujvas iapaidnanjs yiaraitjrigravestdias dha`iahzac`js gasta jsj lmljhtm

a jxpjrdjhida jh tmnas `as jtapas nj `a jvm`uidugraveh

js j` lmtmr quj j`acmra `a aitdvdnan rjffijea (j` rjffijem)quj prjijnjraacute a` dhstdhtm (autmlatdzaidugraveh) quj a su vjzprjijnjraacute a `a aitdvdnan rjffijxdva quj sjraacute `a casj nj `adhtj`dbjhida jh su ialdhm gaida `a imhidjhida nj sigrave ldslm y`a rjspmhsacd`dnan lmra`

Bacrdj` Nj`ahhj jh su `dcrm a jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldia hmsndij5 laquo mnms ms ialcdms quj sj mcsjrvah jh a Hatura`jzahm tdjhjh sdhm uh mcejtm5 j` prmbrjsm nj` Jspigraverdtuiquest J`jstundm nj a jy nj [rmbrjsm hms pjrldtj imhi`udr quj hanamiurrj jh `a Hatura`jza pmr iasua`dnan Iana anaptaidugravehsj prmyjita jh j` p`ahm jxtra-figravesdim para iulp`drsj jh j`p`ahm figravesdim jh iulp`dldjhtm nj `a jy Hatura` para j` cdjh

nj tmnas `as irdaturas jh vdrtun nj `a brah jy nj Zhdnanquj rdbj `a Irjaidugraveh^mnm jvm`uidmha jh `a Irjaidugraveh tahtm `m

pjrtjhjidjhtj a` aacutelcdtm nj `a latjrda prmvjhdjhtj pmr tahtm nj` [rdhidpdm Latjr da` m F`udnm Iugravesldim Zhdvjrsa`imlm `m pjrtjhjidjhtj a` aacutelcdtm jspdrdtua` prmvjhdjhtjnj` [rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj quj ahdla tmnm `m irjanm J`[rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj js `a jxprjsdugraveh nj `a atraiidugraveh jh j`ldhjra` a sjhsaidugraveh jh `m vjbjta` j` dhstdhtm jh j` ahdla` j`razmhaldjhtm jh j` gmlcrj y `m ndvdhm jh j` jspigraverdtu purm(vjr apar tanm ‐Autmlatdslm y gjrjhidaldquo jh `dcrm Jvm`uidugravehjh nms luhnms Igdim Wavdjr) Ndigm nj mtrm lmnm5 j`[rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj jh j` vjbjta` aprjhnj a njsarrm``ar `msdhstdhtms Jh j` ahdla` ya imh `ms dhstdhtms njsarrm``anmsprmbrjsa njsarrm``ahnm `a dhtj`dbjhida Jh j` gmlcrj njdhtj`dbjhida njspdjrta su prmbrjsm prdhidpa` sj njsarrm``araacute

jh j` ialpm nj` sjhtdldjhtm T jh j` sjr supjrdmr im`lanmnj sjhtdldjhtms suc`dljs imhtdhuaraacute su njsarrm``m gaida`igraveldtjs dhsmspjiganms nj imhidjhida jspdrdtua` a`iahzahnm`ms p`ahms supjrdmrjs nj `a Irjaidugraveh jh uhdugraveh imh Ndms

a mcsjrvaidugraveh hms njlujstra quj nj` ldslm lmnmquj j` dhstdhtm jh j` ahdla` js nj `a ldsla hatura`jza qujjh j` gmlcrj su dhtj`dbjhida y sjhtdldjhtm talcdaumlh `m smhy varigraveah sugrave`m jh j` branm nj njsarrm``m Bacrdj` Nj`ahhjjh su `dcrm a jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldia ndij5 laquo`a hatura`jzapjhsahtj nj uhm y nj` mtrm js nj` ldslm mrnjh y hm

ndfijrjh jh jsjhida sdhm jh branm nj lahdfjstaidugraveh y jstmjs prjidsaljhtj `m quj jvdnjhidah idjrtas faiu`tanjs nj`ms ahdla`js ta`js imlm `a atjhidugraveh j` eudidm j` raidmidhdm`a asmidaidugraveh nj dnjas `a ljlmrda y `a dlabdhaidugravehiquest (paacuteb4) Anjlaacutes njlujstra talcdaumlh laquoquj `ms sjhtdldjhtmslmra`js ta`js imlm j` rjlmrndldjhtm j` sjhtdnm lmra``a hmidugraveh nj `m eustm y nj `m dheustm jtiaumltjra sj ga``ah jhbjrljh jh tmnms `ms ahdla`jsiquest (paacuteb 2)

Jh `a dhfahida gulaha m rjjhiarhaidmhjs prdldtdvasnj` gmlcrj hms lmvjlms laacutes pmr dhstdhtms prmvjhdjhtjsnj `as jtapas nj `a ahdla`dnan ahtjrdmr quj pmr imlp`jtadhtj`dbjhida Ymh pjrdmnms prdldtdvms nmhnj j` gmlcrj

aparjhta jstar tmnavigravea laacutes ijria nj `a ahdla`dnan quj njsu vjrnanjra pmsdidugraveh jh `a gulahdnanms dhstdhtms casanms tmnms j``ms jh `a jy Hatura`

huhia sj jqudvmiah pjrm imh j` njsarrm``m nj `adhtj`dbjhida njrdvah imlotildehljhtj a` prdhidpdm jh pasdmhjsa travaumls nj` acusm pmr jbmigraveslm imhsjiujhida nj` dhstdhtmnj imhsjrvaidugraveh Vah ijndjhnm su dhffiujhida imhfmrljsj njsarrm``ah `ms sjhtdldjhtms y pmr j``m `a hatura`jzadlprdlj ya jh j` ahdla` j` sjhtdldjhtm nj` almr caemsus fmrlas laacutes guld`njs y rundljhtardas a travaumls nj `alatjrhdnan

Jh hujstrm jstanm aitua` jvm`utdvm tmnavigravea hm

ndspmhjlms nj iapaidnan hd imhmidldjhtms sufiidjhtjs paraimlprjhnjr j` prmijsm nj irjaidugraveh nj `ms jspigraverdtus Ydhjlcarbm j` jstundm y a mcsjrvaidugraveh nj as jyjs Hatura`js

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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19A JVMZIDMH AHIgraveLDIA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

hms pjrldtdraacute aprmxdlarhms a` imhmidldjhtm nj `as jtapasahtjrdmrjs y pmstjrdmrjs a su fmrlaidugraveh Imlprjhnjlmsquj j` [rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj jvm`uidmha a travaumls nj `msprdljrms trjs rjdhms imhstdtuyjhnm jh j` pjrdjspigraverdtu miujrpm jspdrdtua` tmnms `ms prmijsms hjijsardms para `avdna mrbaacutehdia `ms dhstdhtms y fiha`ljhtj `a vdna dhtj`jitua`imhsidjhtj J` pjrdjspigraverdtu lmnj`a j` iujrpm figravesdim y js j`vjgigraveiu`m nj trahsldsdugraveh nj `ms avahijs mctjhdnms a travaumlsnj as suijsdvas rjjhiarhaidmhjs nj` a`la pmr ms ndfjrjhtjsrjdhms jh uh prmijsm nj dhndvdnua`dzaidugraveh prmbrjsdva

pmr j` iua` sj vuj`vj dhndvdsdc`j gasta a`iahzar j` rjdhmgmldha` rjidcdjhnm `a igdspa ndvdha m [rdhidpdm Ndvdhm (vjriapigravetu`m DDD nj Jvm`uidugraveh jh nms luhnms nj Igdim Wavdjr)jlpjzahnm uha hujva jtapa nmhnj sjraacute rjspmhsac`j njsus aiidmhjs imlm imhsjiujhida nj `a anqudsdidugraveh nj` `dcrja`cjnrigravem j` sjhtdnm lmra` `a imhidjhida nj sigrave ldslm y njsu pasanm jh cusia nj `as faiu`tanjs jspdrdtua`js quj `jgacd`dtjh para `a imhqudsta nj` prugravexdlm rjdhm j` ahbauml`dim

ms jspigraverdtus smh irjanms sdlp`js j dbhmrahtjs `mquj sdbhdfiia quj a` prdhidpdm tmnms smlms iarjhtjs njimhmidldjhtms y tjhjlms dnaumlhtdia aptdtun para prmbrjsarljndahtj hujstra aitdvdnan dhndvdnua` Hm rjidcdlms pmr

j``m nmhjs jspjida`js m prdvd`jbdms quj hms ndfjrjhidjhnj iua`qudjr mtrm jspigraverdtu sdjhnm tmnms gdems nj` ldslmIrjanmr Yj jstac`jij asigrave pujs `a casj nj `a dbua`nan y`a fratjrhdnan jhtrj tmnms `ms sjrjs gulahms y nj` almrgaida `as jspjidjs dhfjrdmrjs jh su `uiga pmr a`iahzar pmrp`jhm njrjigm j` rjdhm gmldha` y `a jqudparaidugraveh imlmhujvms gjrjnjrms nj `a Irjaidugraveh ^mnm j``m lujstra `acmhnan y brahndmsdnan nj` [`ah Ndvdhm prjparanm para

tmnas sus irdaturas a travaumls nj `a brah jy nj Zhdnan qujrdbj j` Zhdvjrsm nmhnj hm sj njsprjida j` jsfujrzm nj `alaacutes ligravehdla nj j``as jh su `uiga pmr a`iahzar su njstdhm`a pjrfjiidugraveh nj` Jspigraverdtu euhtm a Ndms Nj jsta fmrla j`Cdjh acsm`utm sj pujnj njfihdr pmr j` iulp`dldjhtm nj `as

`jyjs hatura`js `as iua`js tmnas j``as hms ``jvah gaida Ndmsldjhtras quj j` la` sjrigravea `a j`jiidugraveh nj tmnm aquj``m qujhms rjtrasj

Cdc`dmbrafigravea

NJAHHJ B a jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldia Cujhms Adrjs 5Fuhnaidugraveh Jspigraverdta Gulahdsta A``ah Oarnji 3gt

WAVDJS FI Jvm`uidugraveh jh nms luhnms _Jh `igravehja5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjs

^mnm jvm`uidmha jh `a Irjaidugraveh tahtm`m pjrtjhjidjhtj a` aacutelcdtm nj `a latjrdaprmvjhdjhtj pmr tahtm nj` [rdhidpdmLatjrda` m F`udnm Iugravesldim Zhdvjrsa`imlm `m pjrtjhjidjhtj a` aacutelcdtmjspdrdtua` prmvjhdjhtj nj` [rdhidpdmDhtj`dbjhtj quj ahdla tmnm `m irjanm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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1gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AY JY[JIDJY NJYNJ J [ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A

JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AYJY[JIDJY NJYNJ J

[ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A

Imljrida` Js ldjlcrm fuhnanmr nj` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta ‐A``ah Oarnjildquo njLaacute`aba njsnj gaij 14 antildems Ga partdidpanm imh a`buhas pmhjhidas jhjvjhtms jspdrdtas Safaj` Ardas

A``ah Oarnji jh J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus hms ndij quj

`ms sjrjs mrbaacutehdims tdjhjh jh sigrave uha fujrza igravehtdla qujprmnuij j` fjhugraveljhm nj `a vdna ldjhtras quj jsa fujrzajxdstj quj `a vdna latjrda` js imlotildeh a tmnms `ms sjrjsmrbaacutehdims y quj j``a js dhnjpjhndjhtj nj `a dhtj`dbjhiday nj` pjhsaldjhtm quj `a dhtj`dbjhida y j` pjhsaldjhtmsmh faiu`tanjs prmpdas nj idjrtas jspjidjs mrbaacutehdias y qujjhtrj `as jspjidjs mrbaacutehdias nmtanas nj dhtj`dbjhida y njpjhsaldjhtm gay uha nmtana nj uh sjhtdnm lmra` jspjida`quj `j na dhimhtjstac`j supjrdmrdnan smcrj `as mtras js `ajspjidj gulaha a prjbuhta gt nj J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus hms ndij5 laquotmnm sj jhianjha jh `a hatura`jza njsnj j`aacutetmlm a` ariaacutehbj` quj a su vjz talcdaumlh imljhzugrave jh j`aacutetmlmiquest

jugraveh Njhds nj mtra fmrla laacutes pmaumltdia hms ndijjh su mcra J` prmc`jla nj` sjr nj` njstdhm y nj` nm`mr5 laquoj`jspigraverdtu nujrlj jh j` ldhjra` sujntildea jh j` vjbjta` sj abdtajh j` ahdla` y njspdjrta jh j` gmlcrjiquest [arjij dhndiarimh jstas afirlaidmhjs quj a`bm nj hmsmtrms pasugrave pmr `msndfjrjhtjs rjdhms nj `a hatura`jza ms sjrjs mrbaacutehdims smh`ms quj tdjhjh jh sigrave uha fujhtj nj aitdvdnan igravehtdla quj `jsna `a vdna Haijh irjijh sj rjprmnuijh y lujrjh Ymh

pmrtanmrjs nj ugraverbahms jspjida`js para `a jejiuidugraveh nj`ms ndfjrjhtjs aitms nj `a vdna ugraverbahms aprmpdanms a `ashjijsdnanjs quj `a imhsjrvaidugraveh prmpda `js dlpmhj Jhjsa i`asj jstaacuteh imlprjhndnms `ms gmlcrjs `ms ahdla`js y`as p`ahtas

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latjrda smh dhnjpjhndjhtjs pujs uh iujrpm pujnj vdvdr sdhdhtj`dbjhida pjrm aumlsta sugrave`m pujnj lahdfjstarsj pmr ljndmnj `ms ugraverbahms latjrda`js y js hjijsarda `a uhdugraveh imh j`

jspigraverdtu para nar dhtj`dbjhida a `a latjr da ahdla`dzanaiquest

ms jspigraverdtus jh su mrdbjh sjrigraveah imlm `ms hdntildemsdbhmrahtjs y sdh jxpjrdjhida anqudrdaumlhnm`a jh `as ndstdhtasjtapas nj `a vdna Ndms hm irjugrave `ms jspigraverdtus cujhms m la`mssdhm sjhid``ms j dbhmrahtjs J` jspigraverdtu hm sj aiujrna nj `asjxdstjhidas prjijnjhtjs a su pjrigravemnm imlm gmlcrj asigraveimlm j` gmlcrj hm sj aiujrna nj` pjrigravemnm quj pasugrave jhj` sjhm nj `a lanrj

Sjdhm ldhjra`

Jstaacute imhstdtudnm nj latjrda dhjrtj hm tdjhj vdta`dnan yjstaacute fmrlanm pmr a abrjbaidugraveh nj latjrda Yu iaraitjrigravestdiacaacutesdia js `a atraiidugraveh pujs jh j` rjdhm ldhjra` j` dhstdhtmy `a latjrda smh hu`ms J` Jspigraverdtu nujrlj jh su prdljrafasj j` prdhidpdm jspdrdtua` jstarigravea dhffiujhidanm pmr `asmrbahdzaidmhjs atugraveldim-lm`jiu`arjs dhvdtahnm a `a uhdugravehIrjarigravea imh sus vdcraidmhjs uh ialpm nj abrjbaidugravehrjffijeanm jh `as fujrzas nj atraiidugraveh y imgjsdugraveh Asigrave `amrbahdzaidugraveh ldhjra` sjrigravea `a imhsjiujhida nj uh pmnjrjh `a dhtdldnan nj sus uhdnanjs atugraveldias para imhnuidrmrnjhanaljhtj j` prmijsm nj abrjbaidugraveh Jh `a dhtdldnannj` ldhjra` j` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj acsmrcjrigravea jxpjrdjhidasy fujra lmstrarigravea pmsdidmhjs rjhmvaacutehnmsj a fih njjejrijr hujvms pmtjhida`js nj mrdjhtaidugraveh imh fujrzasrjimhstrudnas y sdjlprj laacutes imlp`jeas pmr `as vdvjhidasahtjrdmrjs nj dnaumlhtdims fjhugraveljhms Jh jsj dr y vjhdr

nj `a latjrda sj pujnj njidr quj ya jxdstj j` prdhidpdmrjjhiarhatmrdm jh aiidugraveh

Dhtjrljndaidugraveh nj` rjdhm ldhjra` imh j` vjbjta`

Yjbotildeh Jllahuj` j` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj sj jhimhtracajh `ms irdsta`js imlp`jtahnm su fasj nj dhndvdnua`dzaidugravehjh j` `arbuigravesdlm prmijsm nj autmfieaidugraveh jhsayahnm pmim apmim `ms prdljrms lmvdldjhtms dhtjrhms nj mrbahdzaidugravehy irjidldjhtm vm`ulaumltrdim ms vdrus tdjhjh uha jstruiturafmrlana pmr uh aacuteidnm hui`jdim (m ANH m ASH) y prmtjigravehaspmr `m quj hjijsdtah aprmpdarsj nj `ms ljiahdslms nj uhaiauml`u`a aejha para rjprmnuidrsj y vdvdr ms vdrus tdjhjh uhaiaraitjrigravestdia ldhjra` Nj jstj lmnm `a otildehdia jspjidj quj

pujnj irdsta`dzar smh `ms vdrus ya quj sj imlpmhjh nj uhaiaacutepsdnj quj pujnj ``jbar irdsta`dzar sdh lmrdrsj utd`dzahnm`as rjb`as nj `ms ldhjra`js y irjahnm fmrlas bjmlaumltrdias

laquo^mnm sj jhianjha jh `a hatura`jza njsnj j` aacutetmlm a` ariaacutehbj` quj a su vjz talcdaumlh

imljhzugrave jh j` aacutetmlmiquest (A Oarnji)

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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16 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AY JY[JIDJY NJYNJ J [ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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17 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull AZ^MLA^DYLM T [JSDJY[IgraveSD^Z

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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39frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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J` mcejtdvm nj a jvm`uidugraveh a razugraveh nj sjr nj a vdnahm js `a fj`didnan tjrrjstrj imlm luigms jrrugravehjaljhtjirjjh y sigrave j` pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm nj iana uhm nj hmsmtrmsT jsj pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm njcjlms rja`dzar`m pmr ljndmnj` tracaem nj` jsfujrzm nj tmnas `as a`tjrhatdvas nj `aa`jbrigravea y nj` nm`mr gasta quj hms gayalms njsarrm``anmimlp`jtaljhtj y j`jvanm a` jstanm ij`jstj J` nm`mrfigravesdim y lmra` fmrla hujstra jxpjrdjhida a sacdnurigravea jsj` prjldm [mim a pmim j` a`la sj j`jva y imhfmrlj vasucdjhnm jh j``a sj va aiulu`ahnm uha sula sdjlprjirjidjhtj nj sacjr y vdr tun sj sdjhtj laacutes jstrjigaljhtjuhdna a sus sjljeahtjs sj imluhdia laacutes igravehtdlaljhtjimh su ljndm smida` y p`ahjtardm J`jvaacutehnmsj iana vjz laacuteshm tarna jh uhdrsj pmr `azms pueahtjs a as smidjnanjs nj`Jspaidm y njspuaumls a` Yjr Zhdvjrsa`

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY=

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Gay jh hmsmtrms uha smrna aspdraidugraveh uha igravehtdlajhjrbigravea ldstjrdmsa quj hms jhialdha gaida as a`turas qujhms gaij tjhnjr gaida njstdhms iana vjz laacutes j`jvanmsquj hms dlpj`j gaida m Cj``m y gaida j` Cdjh Js a jy nj`prmbrjsm a jvm`uidugraveh jtjrha quj buigravea a `a Gulahdnan a travaumls nj `as jnanjs y abudemhja a iana uhm nj hmsmtrmspmrquj jh `a Gulahdnan smh `as ldslas a`las quj njsdb`m jh sdb`m vuj`vjh para prmsjbudr imh `a ayuna njhujvms iujrpms prjparaacutehnmsj para luhnms ljemrjs jhsu mcra nj pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm

a `jy nj` prmbrjsm hm sj ap`dia sm`aljhtj a`gmlcrj js uhdvjrsa` Gay jh tmnms `ms rjdhms nj `aHatura`jza uha jvm`uidugraveh quj fuj rjimhmidna pmr `mspjhsanmrjs nj tmnms `ms tdjlpms Njsnj `a iauml`u`a vjrnjnjsnj j` jlcrdugraveh jrrahtj cmyahnm a ffimr nj `as abuas`a ianjha nj `as jspjidjs sj ga njsarrm``anm a travaumls njsjrdjs vardanas gasta hmsmtrms

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`a pjrjza nj` njsaacutehdlm rjsiatarsj pmim a pmim nj susffiaqujzas nj su dbhmrahida ayunahnm a sus sjljeahtjs arjsiatarsj a su vjz arrastrahnm tmnm j` ljndm gulahm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

gaida uh jstanm supjrdmr ta` js j` papj` ndstrdcudnm aiana a`la

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36 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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32CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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37 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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343 bull Laacute`abaRjc5 wwwjndtmrajspdrdtaa``ahoarnjijs

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^j`f5 9gt 43 397 67 rsquo +9gt 62 7 32

Luridabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Sjidhtm nj [az Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a [az1 1micro N ([atdntildem) 913 LuridaRjc5 wwwijrjidhtmnjpazjs

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijrjidhtmnjpazKrjidhtmnjpazjs

ldbuj`ldvjbaKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 664 96 14

[mhtjvjnrabull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta [az Arlmhigravea y Iardnan

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Sotildea [jhds 31 - 1micro Niga 9631 bull Vdbm ([MH^JVJNSA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijpazarlmhdalmryiardnanKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 +9gt 61 7gt 136

Yjvd``abull Asmidaidugraveh Ijhtrm nj Jstundms

Jspigraverdtas nj Yjvd``aNdrjiidugraveh5 [rmspjrdnan 9 rdaha gt11 bull Yjvd``a

Rjc5 wwwjspdrdtassjvd``ajsImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 bjhmvjvala``mKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 4gt 379 7 rsquo +9gt 6 gt71 794

bull Brupm Jspigraverdta Hujvm Alahjijr Emahha nj Ahbj`ds

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ndjbm [ujrta 1 Jsi 9gt 2 A gt14 bull Yjvd``aRjc5 wwwhujvmalahjijrjspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtashujvmalahjijrKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 + 9gt 62 44 462 - + 9gt 62 44 46

^arrabmhabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Emahha nj Ahbj`dsNdrjiidugraveh5 [ucd`` Mrdm` 33

gt931 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 422 9gt6 16gt rsquo +9gt 63 gt61 67gt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Lahuj` y Ndva`nmNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Vdjhtm gt93 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)Rjc5 wwwijlyniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ar`dhbbKyagmmjs ^j`f5 +9gt 676 gt4 2gt6

Va`jhida

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Va`jhida Gmbar FratjrhmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Vd``ahujva nj Iastj``ugraveh 33 gt64 bull Va`jhidaRjc5 wwwasjsvamrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 gmbarfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 469 3 46 7

IJH^SMY JY[IgraveSD^AY MHDHJbull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aNdrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat (uhjs Ldaumlrim`js y Eujvjs 33g9)

Rjc5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`jfmhm5 +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas ‐YdhFrmhtjrasldquo

Ndrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat(Nmldhbms 31g)

Rjc5 gttp5ijjsdhfrmhtjrasjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijjsdhfrmhtjrasKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta

Abjhna Irdstdaha - JNDIJD gt ₠

A`cmrana Irdstdaha (Ljndahm) gt ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrDD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

Aacuternua Asijhsdugraveh 13 ₠

Atjhidugraveh (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ialdhm Vjrnan y Vdna - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Iartd``a nj` Cdjh - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Iuahnm Sjbrjsj `a [rdlavjra (Hmrla`) 2 ₠

Iujhtms Jspdrdtdstas 4 ₠

Njsnj a Mtra Vdna gt ₠

Njspdjrtj y Yja Fj`dz - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` A`la js Dhlmrta` 7 ₠

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta 4 ₠

J` Idj`m y j` Dhfijrhm - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Jspigraverdtu nj `a Vjrnan - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` Jvahbj`dm Yjbotildeh j` Jspdrdtdslm -JNDIJD

1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Yjr Yucimhsidjhtj 6 ₠

Jh `m Dhvdsdc`j 7 ₠

Jh `ms Nmldhdms nj `a Ljndulhdnan -JNDIJD

4 ₠

Jhtrj `a djrra y j` Idj`m - JNDIJD 4 ₠Jspdrdtdslm Lmnjrhm OA DJ ODHB - FJJ ₠

Jspdrdtdslm y Jim`mbigravea - JNDIJD 7 ₠

B`msardm Jspigraverdta (Cm`sd``m) 6 ₠

Buigravea [raacuteitdia nj` Jspdrdtdsta - FJJ ₠

Gdphmtdslm y Jspdrdtdslm 7 ₠

Ejsotildes jh j` Gmbar - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Eustdida Ndvdha - JNDIJD 7 ₠

a Baumlhjsds - JNDIJD 1 ₠

a Vdna jh Fald`da gt ₠

dcjraidugraveh - JNDIJD 4 ₠

as Vdnas Yuijsdvas 4 ₠

ms Ljhsaejrms - JNDIJD 7 ₠

ms Lujrtms Ydbujh Vdvdjhnm 6 ₠

Lahms Zhdnas (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljndtaidmhjs (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljlmrdas nj` [anrj Bjrlaacuteh 2 ₠

Ljhsaej nj uh Anm`jsijhtj njsnj j`Luhnm Jspdrdtua` - JNDIJD ₠

Ldsdmhjrms nj `a uz - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Lujrtj js Vdna 6 ₠

Hujstrm Gmbar - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Mcrjrms nj `a Vdna Jtjrha - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[ah Hujstrm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[jhsaldjhtm y Vdna - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Sj`dbdugraveh nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 177 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 174 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Yjntildea` Vjrnj gt ₠

Yjxm y Njstdhm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Ydjlcra nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Yuc`dlj Jxpdaidugraveh - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Vdna Fj`dz - JNDIJD 2 ₠

Lm`njahnm j` ^jrijr Ld`jhdm - Vdna yMcra nj Ndva`nm [ Frahim

1 ₠

Vdna y Yjxm - JNDIJD 6 ₠

T `a Vdna Imhtdhotildeahellip JNDIJD 7 ₠

dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ

Ugraverbahm jndtmrda` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a sdh aacutehdlm nj `uirm quj rjdhvdjrtj jh j` prmpdm

`dcrm jspigraverdta Yj gaijh jhvigravems imhtra rjjlcm`sm Gaba su pjndnm prjfjrdc`jljhtj pmr imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim adhfmKjspdrdtdslmii m pmr tj`aumlfmhm5 636 911 771

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Vdna ahtjs nj `a Vdna

Jhtrjvdsta a Iar`msSmcjrtm Ialpjttd

Jhfjrljnanjs nj` a`la[aacutebdha 1gt

Jvdnjhidas Idjhtigravefiias a favmr nj`a Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna [aacutebdha 3

[`ahjaldjhtm rjjhiarhatmrdm[aacutebdha 13

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐ms Gdems nj` Ayjrldquo

[aacutebdha 37

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 3bull Jndidugraveh Mitucrj 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

1 antildems nj J` `dcrm nj `ms laumlnduls

Jhtrjvdsta a` LaumlndulNdva`nm Frahim

Ljndulhdnan nj jfjitms figravesdims[aacutebdha 1gt

^rahsimluhdiaidugraveh dhstruljhta`[aacutebdha 3

Fmrlaidugraveh nj` Laumlndul[aacutebdha 13

Jspdrdtdslm jh a dtjratura

[aacutebdha 37

frac12Ejsotildes jra laumlndul=[aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 1bull Jndidugraveh Eu`dm 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Jspdrdtdslm imlm fi`msmfigravea nj vdna

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm57bull Jndidugravehacrd`31gtbull [rjidm59

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm52bull JndidugravehMitucrj 319bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

ms Ijhtrms jspdrdtdstas njcjh sjr`a iaacutetjnra nj` Jspigraverdtu nj Vjrnan

QZAuml JY J JY[DSD^DYLM=

DH^SMNZIIDUgraveHA IMHMIDLDJH^M NJ LZHNM DHVDYDCJ

[MS AY LAHDFJY^AIDMHJY NJ MY JY[IgraveSD^ZY

Imhtdjhj j` rjsuljh nj ms prdhidpdms nj a nmitrdha jspdrdtdsta y as rjs-pujstas a as prdhidpa`js mcejidmhjs

pmr

A``ah - Oarnjiautmr nj` dcrm nj ms jspigraverdtus y nj` dcrm nj ms Ljnduls

JNDIDUgraveH JIMHUgraveLDIA

[rjidm 3 rja`js

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh Jspantildea

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm56bull JndidugravehEu`dm319bull[rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5bull JndidugravehLarzm319bull [rjidm59₠

nj a FJJ

Jspdrdtdslm jh j` luhnm[aacutebdha 37

[rjiursmrjs nj` Jspdrdtdslm[aacutebdha 6

Artgur Imhah Nmy`j[aacutebdha 32

Idjhtigravefiims jspigraverdtas nj`sdb`m WDW [aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a rjvj`aidugraveh jspigraverdtay A``ah Oarnji [aacutebdha 17

a SjvujYpdrdtj [aacutebdha 3

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

a Vdna jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

[sdim`mbigravea jh j` laacutes a``aacute[aacutebdha 1gt

Aacutehbj`js BuarndahjsJspigraverdtus [rm-tjitmrjsFald`darjs y Ydlpaacutetdims

[aacutebdha 32[jrdjspigraverdtu

[aacutebdha 33

ms Yujntildems Jspdrdtua`js[aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐HMYYM ASldquo

Jhtrjvdsta aYahtdaba Hmbujrm [aacutebdha 1

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5gtbull JndidugravehYjptdjlcrj 313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

^rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

a vdna jtjrha[aacutebdha 1

^rahsdidugraveh p`ahjtarda[aacutebdha 37

[`ura`dnan nj luhnms gacdtanms[aacutebdha 39

Jvm`uidugraveh gdstugraverdia nj` pjhsaldjh-tm jspdrdtua` [aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Jhtrjvdsta

Cdmbrafigravea

a Larigravea nj `aBraida nj Jh-

njr [aacutebdha 12

aumlmh Njhds[aacutebdha 7

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm59bull JndidugravehLarzm313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

[jtdidugraveh nj hotildeljrms ahtjrdmrjs5

H 1 rsquo 1 Antildems nj` ‐dcrm nj`ms Laumlndulsldquo

H 3 rsquo Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna

H 9 rsquo rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

H gt rsquo a Vdna jh j` luhnmjspdrdtua`

H rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

H 6 rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslmjh Jspantildea

H 2 rsquo J` Ijhtrm Jspdrdta

H 7 rsquo J` Jspdrdtdslm imlmfi`msmfigravea nj vdna

pjndnmsrjvdstafjjKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3636

DHFMSLAIDUgraveH T SJYJSVAY5

YJISJ^ASIgraveA AumlIHDIAMSBAHDUA

IMHFJSJHIDAY

T YJLDHASDMY

bull J` Luhnm Dhvdsdc`j

bull Sjbrjsm a `a vdna jspdrdtua`

bull J` laacutes a``aacute nj` sudidna

bull a lotildesdia jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

jqud`dcrdm para j` a`la

bull Jspigraverdtus y su gdstmrda jh `a gulahd-

nan

bull ^jrapda nj` almr

bull Imluhdiaidugraveh imh `ms jspigraverdtus5

ldtms y vjrnanjs

bull Njsvj`ahnm `m dhvdsdc`j (prujcas idjhtigrave-

fiias fi`msugravefiias j gdstugraverdias)

I d ` n d d dc`

a partdidpaidugraveh a jstj jvjhtm jstaacute acdjrta a tmnas aquj``as pjrsmhas dhtjrjsanas

IMHFJSJHIDAH^JY

Ndva`nm [ Frahim - A`frjnm A`mhsm nj `a Fujhtj - A`frjnm

^acujntildea - Vditmr Suahm - Iar`ms Ialpjttd - Euah Ldbuj`

Fjrhaacutehnjz - Eahaigraveha Ldhj``d - Iarljh Iarnmha - Ldbuj`

Vjra - M`ba Mrtdz

6 2 y 7 Ndidjlcrj 31gt

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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2JY[IgraveSD^Z T LA^JSDA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

Jxaumlbjta y jstundmsm Fmrla partj nj `a Ymidjnan JspdrdtdstaA`diahtdha jh A`diahtj nj `a iua` aitua`ljhtj js su vdijprjsdnjhtj

Eavdjr Smnrigravebujz

JY[IgraveSD^Z T LA JSDA

Jh j` prdhidpdm irjugrave Ndms `ms idj`ms y `a tdjrraT `a tdjrra jstaca njsmrnjhana y vaiigravea

y `as tdhdjc`as jstacah smcrj `a faz nj` acdslm y j` Jspigraverdtu nj Ndms sj lmvigravea smcrj `a faz nj `as

abuasa Cdc`da Baumlhjsds 151-3

Jstms smh `ms nms prdljrms vjrsigraveiu`ms nj `a Cdc`da qujga``alms jh j` `dcrm nj Baumlhjsds y smh luy sdbhdfiiatdvmsVjlms aquigrave sjbotildeh `a vdsdugraveh eunjmirdstdaha imlm Ndmsprjsdnj y ndrdbj `a Irjaidugraveh nj` Zhdvjrsm latjrda` imh susp`ahjtas sm`js ba`axdas iotildelu`ms nj ba`axdas sotildepjr-iotildelu`msy njlaacutes mcejtms nj` jspaidm jxtjrdmr laquo`ms idj`msiquest y jhpartdiu`ar nj `a ^djrra Hms gac`a nj `a Irjaidugraveh nj `alatjrda vdsdc`j j dhvdsdc`j nj `a imhmidna y njsimhmidnanj `a pmhnjrac`j y nj `a dlpmhnjrac`j nj `a latjrday nj `a ahtd-latjrda ta` imlm sj vds`ulcra gmy jh nigraveapmr `a idjhida tjrrjha Vjlms talcdaumlh imlm j` jspigraverdtu1 (nj Ndms) p`ahja smcrj tmnm j``m laquo`as abuasiquest euhtahnmabrjbahnm ala`balahnm mrnjhahnm jsj iams nj latjrdaprdldbjhda nj bas y pm`vm jstj`ar lm`njahnm jh njfihdtdva`m quj vjhnrigravea a sjr hujstrm qujrdnm p`ahjta ^djrra ysdstjla sm`ar Asigrave tjhjlms aquigrave prjsjhtanms `ms nmsj`jljhtms caacutesdims nj` Zhdvjrsm nj `a Irjaidugraveh5 j` jspigraverdtuy `a latjrda euhtaljhtj imh Ndms j` irjanmr tmnm j``mjhvuj`tm jh uh ga`m pmaumltdim luy a` usm nj `ms tdjlpms yimstulcrjs nj `ms gjcrjms y pujc`ms mrdjhta`js

Jh J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus3 dhspdranm pmr `ms Jspigraverdtussupjrdmrjs vm`vjlms a jhimhtrar jstms nms j`jljhtms jh`a rjspujsta a `a prjbuhta 325 laquofrac12Gacrigravea nj jstj lmnmnms j`jljhtms bjhjra`js jh j` uhdvjrsm5 `a latjrda y j`jspigraverdtu=5 Yigrave y pmr jhidla nj tmnm jsm Ndms j` irjanmr j`

panrj nj tmnas `as imsas Ndms j` jspigraverdtu y `a latjrda smhj` prdhidpdm nj tmnm `m quj jxdstj `a trdhdnan uhdvjrsa`ldquoiquestfrac12Imdhidnjhida= frac12imhimrnahida= lj dhi`dhm laacutes pmr `msjbuhnm a` imhsdnjrar quj `a Cdc`da jh su imheuhtm jstaacute

talcdaumlh dhspdrana pmr `ms Jspigraverdtus supjrdmrjs jh jstj iasm`ms jspigraverdtus buigraveas nj` pujc`m gjcrjm Njcj ndfjrjhidarsjaquigrave jhtrj j` jspigraverdtu imlm j`jljhtm prdlardm nj`Zhdvjrsm y j` Jspigraverdtu imlm jhtdnan ndfjrjhidana otildehdiagjiga a dlabjh y sjljeahza nj su Irjanmr dlpjrfjita

jh su mrdbjh pjrm susijptdc`j nj anqudrdr tmnas `aspjrfjiidmhjs a travaumls nj `ms tdjlpms dhfihdtms sdjlprjjlpueana pmr `a jy Ndvdha nj` [rmbrjsm y atraigravena pmr j`Fmim Ijhtra` nj Ndms

Jsms nms prdhidpdms uhdvjrsa`js sj gah prjsjhtanmiasd sdjlprj a `m `arbm nj `ms tdjlpms imlm jhfrjhtanmsy ndstahtjs T jsa ndsmidaidugraveh u mpmsdidugraveh jhtrj jspigraverdtuy latjrda vdjhj sdjhnm mcejtm nj njcatj njsnj tdjlpmsrjlmtms pmr ms njfjhsmrjs nj alcms cahnms ms fi`ugravesmfmsbrdjbms nj `a ahtdbethjnan ya ndsiutigraveah smcrj j``m Zhmssmstjhdjhnm `a suprjlaiigravea nj` jspigraverdtu smcrj `a latjrdamtrms hjbahnm `a jxdstjhida nj` ldslm y afirlahnm`m imhtrardm Jtjrhm jhfrjhtaldjhtm nj `m latjrda` y `mjspdrdtua` nj `as smlcras y `a `uz nj` pmsdtdvdslm y nj`jspdrdtua`dslm nj a latjrda y nj a ahtdlatjr da nj a jhjrbigraveay nj `a ahtdjhjrbigravea quj hm ``jva a hdhbuha partj Njcjlmsaijptar quj smh nms fujrzas nj` uhdvjrsm quj sj mpmhjhy quj sj uhjh a` ldslm tdjlpm sj dhffiujhidah y tracaeahuha smcrj `a mtra y quj vah sdjlprj uhdnas a` sjr `as nmsmrdbdhar das nj uha ldsla fujhtj Ndms Nms tjhnjhidas qujjstaacuteh drrjvmiac`jljhtj sjhtjhidanas a imhvdvdr jh hujstrmdhtjrdmr y a hujstrm a`rjnjnmr y a jhtjhnjrsj imlm uhlatrdlmhdm cdjh avjhdnm y ndspujstm a cusiar `ubarjs njjhiujhtrm Njcjlms cusiar j` jqud`dcrdm jhtrj j``as hmnar laacutes suprjlaiigravea a uha a njspjigm nj `a mtra sacdjhnmanjlaacutes quj sj hjijsdtah `a uha a `a mtra Zha `a latjrdapara anqudrdr sus prmpdjnanjs y lahtjhjrsj imgjsdmhanandrdbdnm pmr `a mtra j` jspigraverdtu quj a su vjz `a hjijsdta parapmnjr avahzar jh su jvm`uidugraveh

1 Jh a`buhas vjrsdmhjs nj `a Cdc`da imlm `a nj Ejrusa`aumlh sj jlp`ja `a pa`acra‐vdjhtmldquo jxprjsdugraveh quj vm`vjlms a jhimhtrar jh `ms Jvahbj`dms iuahnm Ejsotildesndrdbdaumlhnmsj a Hdimnjlm (Euah 957) `j ndij5 laquoJ` vdjhtm smp`a nj nmhnj qudjrj y

myjs su smhdnm las hd sacjs nj nugravehnj vdjhj hd anugravehnj va asigrave js tmnm aquj` quj jshaidnm nj` Jspigraverdtuiquest Zh jejlp`m jhtrj mtrms quj hms lujstra quj laquovdjhtmiquest jsutd`dzanm luigas vjijs imlm sdhugravehdlm nj jspigraverdtu3 OASNJI A dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus prjbuhta hmicro 32

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull JY[IgraveSD^Z T LA^JSDA

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9 a Cdc`da D Imr 15gtgt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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4BAumlHJYDY [AHJ^ASDM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

BAumlHJYDY

[AHJ^ASDM

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nj Iarva`gm

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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1 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull BAumlHJYDY [AHJ^ASDM

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^mnm jh j` prdhidpdm js imhfusdugraveh jh uha aparjhtjsdtuaidugraveh iaugravetdia nmhnj `as jhjrbigraveas sj jhfrigraveah luy`jhtaljhtj Njsnj `a fmrlaidugraveh tjrrjha `ms aacutetmlms smh`ms ldslms hd uhm laacutes hd uhm ljhms pjrm a imhsjiujhida

nj` jhfrdaldjhtm sj fmrlarmh hujvas imlcdhaidmhjs ^mnmsaquj``ms j`jljhtms susijptdc`js nj vm`atd`dzarsj pasarmha jstanm basjmsm a njhsdnan nj tmnms jsms basjs jhsuspjhsdugraveh imhfjrigravea uha mpaidnan ta` quj hm pjhjtraca `a`uz nj` sm` sdjhnm dhiapaz nj mfrjijr ialpm faumlrtd` a `a vdna

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J` sjbuhnm jfjitm fuj `a `diujfaiidugraveh nj `ms vapmrjs quj

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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11BAumlHJYDY [AHJ^ASDM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

`ms ahficdms y sj njstaia jh jsa jra `a apardidugraveh nj brahnjsrjptd`js Jh jsj pjrigravemnm `a vdna ahdla` a`iahzugrave uh jhmrljnjsarrm``m imlm gacigravea miurrdnm imh `a vjbjtaidugraveh jh j`pjrigravemnm ahtjrdmr J` adrj laacutes purdfiianm pjrldtdugrave quj `msahdla`js vdvdjsjh smcrj `a ^djrra Njsaparjijh `ms ahdla`jsaiuaacutetdims bdbahtjsims sustdtudnms pmr ahdla`js ahaacute`mbms pjrmlaacutes prmpmridmhanms y nj talantildem laacutes rjnuidnm

Jh j` pjrigravemnm tjridardm j` jstanm alcdjhta` ialcdahujvaljhtj prmpdidahnm imhndidmhjs nj vdta`dnan quj sjaprmxdlah a` jstanm aitua` aparjidjhnm hujvas jspjidjs imhmrbahdzaidugraveh laacutes pjrfjita y quj sj anaptah a `a hatura`jzanj` ljndm nmhnj smh ``alanms a vdvdr Agmra `a jhvm`tura

nj `a imstra tjrrjstrj tdjhj laymr jspjsmr prmpmridmhahnmuha imhsdnjrac`j rjsdstjhida a `a aiidugraveh nj` fujbm dhtjrdmrNj fmrla hm sdlu`taacutehja sj fmrlarmh `ms pdims y ianjhasnj lmhtantildeas `m quj miasdmhugrave quj `a supjrfiidj nj` suj`m sjvm`vdjra njsdbua` y quj `as abuas fujrah jlpueanas a zmhasdhfjrdmrjs trahsfmrlahnm j` aspjitm nj` b`mcm

J` pjrigravemnm nd`uvdahm jstaacute larianm pmr j` laymriatai`dslm nj` p`ahjta pmr tmnas partjs qujnah sjntildea`jsnj ta`js imhvu`sdmhjs as abuas dhvandjrmh `ms imhtdhjhtjslmndfiiahnm randia`ljhtj j` pahmrala gasta jhtmhijsjxdstjhtj y `ms pm`ms imljhzarmh a iucrdrsj nj gdj`mfmrlahnm `ms b`aidarjs `m iua` apuhta a quj gucm uhsdbhdfiiatdvm ialcdm nj tjlpjratura b`mca` ^mnms `msga``azbms idjhtigravefiims ``jvah a pjhsar quj jsj ialcdm fujcrusim

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Hm gacigravea imhndidmhjs nj vdta`dnan para j` gmlcrj jh`ms pjrigravemnms ahtjrdmrjs sdh jlcarbm gay njsiucrdldjhtmsrjidjhtjs quj parjijh imhfirlar quj a`botildeh jspaumlidljh

jxdstigravea ahtjs nj` pjrigravemnm nd`uvdahm pjrm `m idjrtm js qujsu prm`dfjraidugraveh smcrj `a ^djrra imljhzugrave a jscmzarsj imhalp`dtun jh j` pjrigravemnm pmsnd`uvdahm Jh a Baumlhjsds sj pujnjjhimhtrar5 laquoJsj pjrigravemnm (pmsnd`uvdahm) pujnj iaraitjrdzarsjpmr `a prjsjhida nj` gmlcrj jh `a ^djrraiquest Yubjrdlms `a`jitura nj` iapigravetu`m W nj` ldslm `dcrm nmhnj sj jxp`dia `afmrlaidugraveh dhdida` nj `ms sjrjs vdvms bjhjraidugraveh jspmhtaacutehjajsia`a nj `ms sjrjs mrbaacutehdims y j` gmlcrj imrpmra`

Ld``arjs nj antildems smh dlprjsidhndc`js para quj ianafasj pjrsdba su jstacd`dnan smh hjijsardas rjvm`uidmhjsbjhjra`js y parida`js nj` b`mcm para a`iahzar j` aspjitmaitua` prmpdidahnm nj jsj lmnm `ms alcdjhtjs rjqujrdnms a

`a jvm`uidugraveh nj `a vdna mnms `ms pjrigravemnms fujrmh hjijsardmspara quj `ms sjrjs vdvms jvm`uidmhasjh sdjhnm j` sjr gulahmj` aacutepdij nj jsj njsarrm``m

a ^djrra fuj prjparana para quj j` gmlcrj tuvdjra`as ljemrjs imhndidmhjs nj supjrvdvjhida iuahnm ``jbara j`lmljhtm nj miupar tjlpmra`ljhtj jstj p`ahjta para a

travaumls nj `a jhiarhaidugraveh jejrijr sus faiu`tanjs nj jspigraverdtudhlmrta` Iuahnm vuj`va a` luhnm jspdrdtua` nj nmhnj jsmrdbdhardm j` jspigraverdtu pmnraacute miupar nj aiujrnm a su hdvj`jvm`utdvm mtrms luhnms talcdaumlh prjparanms para sunjsarrm``m nmhnj sjbudraacute su fmrlaidugraveh

Ld``arjs nj antildems smh dlprjsidhndc`js paraquj iana fasj pjrsdba su jstacd`dnan smhhjijsardas rjvm`uidmhjs bjhjra`js y parida`jsnj` b`mcm para a`iahzar j` aspjitm aitua`prmpdidahnm nj jsj lmnm `ms alcdjhtjsrjqujrdnms a `a jvm`uidugraveh nj `a vdna

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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13 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull A JVMZIDMH AHIgraveLDIA

A JVMZIDMH AHIgraveLDIA

Dhbjhdjrm Dhnustrda` Ndvu`banmr jspigraverdta y rjnaitmr nj` pjrdugravendim J` Aacutehbj`nj` Cdjh puc`dianm pmr j` I J ‐Jhtrj j` Idj`m y a djrraldquo nj Yah Lartigravehnj Va`njdb`jsdas (Lanrdn)

Emsauml Dbhaidm Lmnaldm

Hana pjrlahjij jstaidmhardm jh `a Hatura`jza tmnm jvm`uidmha jh iulp`dldjhtm nj `a jy nj [rmbrjsma travaumls nj `a rjjhiarhaidugraveh y nj `ms ljiahdslms njanaptaidugraveh y gjrjhida Jh iana jhiarhaidugraveh dhtjbralms`a gjrjhida figravesdim-dhstdhtdva nj hujstrms panrjs imh `agjrjhida nj hujstras imhqudstas fisdmpsdimsmlaacutetdias njjxdstjhidas pasanas dhtjbranas jh hujstrm pjrdjspigraverdtupjrldtdaumlhnmhms njsarrm``ar hujvas iapaidnanjs yiaraitjrigravestdias dha`iahzac`js gasta jsj lmljhtm

a jxpjrdjhida jh tmnas `as jtapas nj `a jvm`uidugraveh

js j` lmtmr quj j`acmra `a aitdvdnan rjffijea (j` rjffijem)quj prjijnjraacute a` dhstdhtm (autmlatdzaidugraveh) quj a su vjzprjijnjraacute a `a aitdvdnan rjffijxdva quj sjraacute `a casj nj `adhtj`dbjhida jh su ialdhm gaida `a imhidjhida nj sigrave ldslm y`a rjspmhsacd`dnan lmra`

Bacrdj` Nj`ahhj jh su `dcrm a jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldia hmsndij5 laquo mnms ms ialcdms quj sj mcsjrvah jh a Hatura`jzahm tdjhjh sdhm uh mcejtm5 j` prmbrjsm nj` Jspigraverdtuiquest J`jstundm nj a jy nj [rmbrjsm hms pjrldtj imhi`udr quj hanamiurrj jh `a Hatura`jza pmr iasua`dnan Iana anaptaidugravehsj prmyjita jh j` p`ahm jxtra-figravesdim para iulp`drsj jh j`p`ahm figravesdim jh iulp`dldjhtm nj `a jy Hatura` para j` cdjh

nj tmnas `as irdaturas jh vdrtun nj `a brah jy nj Zhdnanquj rdbj `a Irjaidugraveh^mnm jvm`uidmha jh `a Irjaidugraveh tahtm `m

pjrtjhjidjhtj a` aacutelcdtm nj `a latjrda prmvjhdjhtj pmr tahtm nj` [rdhidpdm Latjr da` m F`udnm Iugravesldim Zhdvjrsa`imlm `m pjrtjhjidjhtj a` aacutelcdtm jspdrdtua` prmvjhdjhtjnj` [rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj quj ahdla tmnm `m irjanm J`[rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj js `a jxprjsdugraveh nj `a atraiidugraveh jh j`ldhjra` a sjhsaidugraveh jh `m vjbjta` j` dhstdhtm jh j` ahdla` j`razmhaldjhtm jh j` gmlcrj y `m ndvdhm jh j` jspigraverdtu purm(vjr apar tanm ‐Autmlatdslm y gjrjhidaldquo jh `dcrm Jvm`uidugravehjh nms luhnms Igdim Wavdjr) Ndigm nj mtrm lmnm5 j`[rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj jh j` vjbjta` aprjhnj a njsarrm``ar `msdhstdhtms Jh j` ahdla` ya imh `ms dhstdhtms njsarrm``anmsprmbrjsa njsarrm``ahnm `a dhtj`dbjhida Jh j` gmlcrj njdhtj`dbjhida njspdjrta su prmbrjsm prdhidpa` sj njsarrm``araacute

jh j` ialpm nj` sjhtdldjhtm T jh j` sjr supjrdmr im`lanmnj sjhtdldjhtms suc`dljs imhtdhuaraacute su njsarrm``m gaida`igraveldtjs dhsmspjiganms nj imhidjhida jspdrdtua` a`iahzahnm`ms p`ahms supjrdmrjs nj `a Irjaidugraveh jh uhdugraveh imh Ndms

a mcsjrvaidugraveh hms njlujstra quj nj` ldslm lmnmquj j` dhstdhtm jh j` ahdla` js nj `a ldsla hatura`jza qujjh j` gmlcrj su dhtj`dbjhida y sjhtdldjhtm talcdaumlh `m smhy varigraveah sugrave`m jh j` branm nj njsarrm``m Bacrdj` Nj`ahhjjh su `dcrm a jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldia ndij5 laquo`a hatura`jzapjhsahtj nj uhm y nj` mtrm js nj` ldslm mrnjh y hm

ndfijrjh jh jsjhida sdhm jh branm nj lahdfjstaidugraveh y jstmjs prjidsaljhtj `m quj jvdnjhidah idjrtas faiu`tanjs nj`ms ahdla`js ta`js imlm `a atjhidugraveh j` eudidm j` raidmidhdm`a asmidaidugraveh nj dnjas `a ljlmrda y `a dlabdhaidugravehiquest (paacuteb4) Anjlaacutes njlujstra talcdaumlh laquoquj `ms sjhtdldjhtmslmra`js ta`js imlm j` rjlmrndldjhtm j` sjhtdnm lmra``a hmidugraveh nj `m eustm y nj `m dheustm jtiaumltjra sj ga``ah jhbjrljh jh tmnms `ms ahdla`jsiquest (paacuteb 2)

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aparjhta jstar tmnavigravea laacutes ijria nj `a ahdla`dnan quj njsu vjrnanjra pmsdidugraveh jh `a gulahdnanms dhstdhtms casanms tmnms j``ms jh `a jy Hatura`

huhia sj jqudvmiah pjrm imh j` njsarrm``m nj `adhtj`dbjhida njrdvah imlotildehljhtj a` prdhidpdm jh pasdmhjsa travaumls nj` acusm pmr jbmigraveslm imhsjiujhida nj` dhstdhtmnj imhsjrvaidugraveh Vah ijndjhnm su dhffiujhida imhfmrljsj njsarrm``ah `ms sjhtdldjhtms y pmr j``m `a hatura`jzadlprdlj ya jh j` ahdla` j` sjhtdldjhtm nj` almr caemsus fmrlas laacutes guld`njs y rundljhtardas a travaumls nj `alatjrhdnan

Jh hujstrm jstanm aitua` jvm`utdvm tmnavigravea hm

ndspmhjlms nj iapaidnan hd imhmidldjhtms sufiidjhtjs paraimlprjhnjr j` prmijsm nj irjaidugraveh nj `ms jspigraverdtus Ydhjlcarbm j` jstundm y a mcsjrvaidugraveh nj as jyjs Hatura`js

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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19A JVMZIDMH AHIgraveLDIA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

hms pjrldtdraacute aprmxdlarhms a` imhmidldjhtm nj `as jtapasahtjrdmrjs y pmstjrdmrjs a su fmrlaidugraveh Imlprjhnjlmsquj j` [rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj jvm`uidmha a travaumls nj `msprdljrms trjs rjdhms imhstdtuyjhnm jh j` pjrdjspigraverdtu miujrpm jspdrdtua` tmnms `ms prmijsms hjijsardms para `avdna mrbaacutehdia `ms dhstdhtms y fiha`ljhtj `a vdna dhtj`jitua`imhsidjhtj J` pjrdjspigraverdtu lmnj`a j` iujrpm figravesdim y js j`vjgigraveiu`m nj trahsldsdugraveh nj `ms avahijs mctjhdnms a travaumlsnj as suijsdvas rjjhiarhaidmhjs nj` a`la pmr ms ndfjrjhtjsrjdhms jh uh prmijsm nj dhndvdnua`dzaidugraveh prmbrjsdva

pmr j` iua` sj vuj`vj dhndvdsdc`j gasta a`iahzar j` rjdhmgmldha` rjidcdjhnm `a igdspa ndvdha m [rdhidpdm Ndvdhm (vjriapigravetu`m DDD nj Jvm`uidugraveh jh nms luhnms nj Igdim Wavdjr)jlpjzahnm uha hujva jtapa nmhnj sjraacute rjspmhsac`j njsus aiidmhjs imlm imhsjiujhida nj `a anqudsdidugraveh nj` `dcrja`cjnrigravem j` sjhtdnm lmra` `a imhidjhida nj sigrave ldslm y njsu pasanm jh cusia nj `as faiu`tanjs jspdrdtua`js quj `jgacd`dtjh para `a imhqudsta nj` prugravexdlm rjdhm j` ahbauml`dim

ms jspigraverdtus smh irjanms sdlp`js j dbhmrahtjs `mquj sdbhdfiia quj a` prdhidpdm tmnms smlms iarjhtjs njimhmidldjhtms y tjhjlms dnaumlhtdia aptdtun para prmbrjsarljndahtj hujstra aitdvdnan dhndvdnua` Hm rjidcdlms pmr

j``m nmhjs jspjida`js m prdvd`jbdms quj hms ndfjrjhidjhnj iua`qudjr mtrm jspigraverdtu sdjhnm tmnms gdems nj` ldslmIrjanmr Yj jstac`jij asigrave pujs `a casj nj `a dbua`nan y`a fratjrhdnan jhtrj tmnms `ms sjrjs gulahms y nj` almrgaida `as jspjidjs dhfjrdmrjs jh su `uiga pmr a`iahzar pmrp`jhm njrjigm j` rjdhm gmldha` y `a jqudparaidugraveh imlmhujvms gjrjnjrms nj `a Irjaidugraveh ^mnm j``m lujstra `acmhnan y brahndmsdnan nj` [`ah Ndvdhm prjparanm para

tmnas sus irdaturas a travaumls nj `a brah jy nj Zhdnan qujrdbj j` Zhdvjrsm nmhnj hm sj njsprjida j` jsfujrzm nj `alaacutes ligravehdla nj j``as jh su `uiga pmr a`iahzar su njstdhm`a pjrfjiidugraveh nj` Jspigraverdtu euhtm a Ndms Nj jsta fmrla j`Cdjh acsm`utm sj pujnj njfihdr pmr j` iulp`dldjhtm nj `as

`jyjs hatura`js `as iua`js tmnas j``as hms ``jvah gaida Ndmsldjhtras quj j` la` sjrigravea `a j`jiidugraveh nj tmnm aquj``m qujhms rjtrasj

Cdc`dmbrafigravea

NJAHHJ B a jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldia Cujhms Adrjs 5Fuhnaidugraveh Jspigraverdta Gulahdsta A``ah Oarnji 3gt

WAVDJS FI Jvm`uidugraveh jh nms luhnms _Jh `igravehja5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjs

^mnm jvm`uidmha jh `a Irjaidugraveh tahtm`m pjrtjhjidjhtj a` aacutelcdtm nj `a latjrdaprmvjhdjhtj pmr tahtm nj` [rdhidpdmLatjrda` m F`udnm Iugravesldim Zhdvjrsa`imlm `m pjrtjhjidjhtj a` aacutelcdtmjspdrdtua` prmvjhdjhtj nj` [rdhidpdmDhtj`dbjhtj quj ahdla tmnm `m irjanm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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1gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AY JY[JIDJY NJYNJ J [ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A

JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AYJY[JIDJY NJYNJ J

[ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A

Imljrida` Js ldjlcrm fuhnanmr nj` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta ‐A``ah Oarnjildquo njLaacute`aba njsnj gaij 14 antildems Ga partdidpanm imh a`buhas pmhjhidas jhjvjhtms jspdrdtas Safaj` Ardas

A``ah Oarnji jh J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus hms ndij quj

`ms sjrjs mrbaacutehdims tdjhjh jh sigrave uha fujrza igravehtdla qujprmnuij j` fjhugraveljhm nj `a vdna ldjhtras quj jsa fujrzajxdstj quj `a vdna latjrda` js imlotildeh a tmnms `ms sjrjsmrbaacutehdims y quj j``a js dhnjpjhndjhtj nj `a dhtj`dbjhiday nj` pjhsaldjhtm quj `a dhtj`dbjhida y j` pjhsaldjhtmsmh faiu`tanjs prmpdas nj idjrtas jspjidjs mrbaacutehdias y qujjhtrj `as jspjidjs mrbaacutehdias nmtanas nj dhtj`dbjhida y njpjhsaldjhtm gay uha nmtana nj uh sjhtdnm lmra` jspjida`quj `j na dhimhtjstac`j supjrdmrdnan smcrj `as mtras js `ajspjidj gulaha a prjbuhta gt nj J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus hms ndij5 laquotmnm sj jhianjha jh `a hatura`jza njsnj j`aacutetmlm a` ariaacutehbj` quj a su vjz talcdaumlh imljhzugrave jh j`aacutetmlmiquest

jugraveh Njhds nj mtra fmrla laacutes pmaumltdia hms ndijjh su mcra J` prmc`jla nj` sjr nj` njstdhm y nj` nm`mr5 laquoj`jspigraverdtu nujrlj jh j` ldhjra` sujntildea jh j` vjbjta` sj abdtajh j` ahdla` y njspdjrta jh j` gmlcrjiquest [arjij dhndiarimh jstas afirlaidmhjs quj a`bm nj hmsmtrms pasugrave pmr `msndfjrjhtjs rjdhms nj `a hatura`jza ms sjrjs mrbaacutehdims smh`ms quj tdjhjh jh sigrave uha fujhtj nj aitdvdnan igravehtdla quj `jsna `a vdna Haijh irjijh sj rjprmnuijh y lujrjh Ymh

pmrtanmrjs nj ugraverbahms jspjida`js para `a jejiuidugraveh nj`ms ndfjrjhtjs aitms nj `a vdna ugraverbahms aprmpdanms a `ashjijsdnanjs quj `a imhsjrvaidugraveh prmpda `js dlpmhj Jhjsa i`asj jstaacuteh imlprjhndnms `ms gmlcrjs `ms ahdla`js y`as p`ahtas

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latjrda smh dhnjpjhndjhtjs pujs uh iujrpm pujnj vdvdr sdhdhtj`dbjhida pjrm aumlsta sugrave`m pujnj lahdfjstarsj pmr ljndmnj `ms ugraverbahms latjrda`js y js hjijsarda `a uhdugraveh imh j`

jspigraverdtu para nar dhtj`dbjhida a `a latjr da ahdla`dzanaiquest

ms jspigraverdtus jh su mrdbjh sjrigraveah imlm `ms hdntildemsdbhmrahtjs y sdh jxpjrdjhida anqudrdaumlhnm`a jh `as ndstdhtasjtapas nj `a vdna Ndms hm irjugrave `ms jspigraverdtus cujhms m la`mssdhm sjhid``ms j dbhmrahtjs J` jspigraverdtu hm sj aiujrna nj `asjxdstjhidas prjijnjhtjs a su pjrigravemnm imlm gmlcrj asigraveimlm j` gmlcrj hm sj aiujrna nj` pjrigravemnm quj pasugrave jhj` sjhm nj `a lanrj

Sjdhm ldhjra`

Jstaacute imhstdtudnm nj latjrda dhjrtj hm tdjhj vdta`dnan yjstaacute fmrlanm pmr a abrjbaidugraveh nj latjrda Yu iaraitjrigravestdiacaacutesdia js `a atraiidugraveh pujs jh j` rjdhm ldhjra` j` dhstdhtmy `a latjrda smh hu`ms J` Jspigraverdtu nujrlj jh su prdljrafasj j` prdhidpdm jspdrdtua` jstarigravea dhffiujhidanm pmr `asmrbahdzaidmhjs atugraveldim-lm`jiu`arjs dhvdtahnm a `a uhdugravehIrjarigravea imh sus vdcraidmhjs uh ialpm nj abrjbaidugravehrjffijeanm jh `as fujrzas nj atraiidugraveh y imgjsdugraveh Asigrave `amrbahdzaidugraveh ldhjra` sjrigravea `a imhsjiujhida nj uh pmnjrjh `a dhtdldnan nj sus uhdnanjs atugraveldias para imhnuidrmrnjhanaljhtj j` prmijsm nj abrjbaidugraveh Jh `a dhtdldnannj` ldhjra` j` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj acsmrcjrigravea jxpjrdjhidasy fujra lmstrarigravea pmsdidmhjs rjhmvaacutehnmsj a fih njjejrijr hujvms pmtjhida`js nj mrdjhtaidugraveh imh fujrzasrjimhstrudnas y sdjlprj laacutes imlp`jeas pmr `as vdvjhidasahtjrdmrjs nj dnaumlhtdims fjhugraveljhms Jh jsj dr y vjhdr

nj `a latjrda sj pujnj njidr quj ya jxdstj j` prdhidpdmrjjhiarhatmrdm jh aiidugraveh

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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1JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AY JY[JIDJY NJYNJ J [ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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16 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AY JY[JIDJY NJYNJ J [ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A

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( Njhds)

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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17 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull AZ^MLA^DYLM T [JSDJY[IgraveSD^Z

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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31 nj ndidjlcrj - surbjh `as prdljras

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nj ms ndhmsaurdms32 nj ndidjlcrj - sj njsarrm``ah `ms

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ndhmsaurdms

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91 nj ndidjlcrj - surbjh `ms sdldms yahtrmpmdnjs apardidugraveh nj ms prdljrms gmlcrjs

315gt - surbj jh Aacutefrdia j` Austra`mpdtjiusj` prjiursmr nj` gmlcrj gaij 9 ld``mhjs njantildems

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`a jspjidj Gmlm sapdjhs)39575gt - surbj j` gmlcrj j` Gmlm

sapdjhs sapdjhsFa`tah gt sjbuhnms - haij Ejsotildes3gt5 rsquo agmra

[jrm jhtrjtahtm gay uha jvm`uidugraveh budana figravesdiay lmra` uhms js`acmhjs pjrndnms quj hm gjlmsjhimhtranm pujs hm js uha jvm`uidugraveh quj sj rjnuziaa jstj p`ahjta J` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj para ``jbar a sjrjspigraverdtu pasaraacute pmr mtras jspjidjs pmr mtras fmrlas yvdnas quj aotildeh jstalms `jems nj imhmijr pjrm auh asigrave nj`m quj imhmijlms imhtjlp`alms hm sugrave`m `a jvm`uidugravehnj `as jspjidjs quj imh Narwdh y j` jspigraverdta Susj``Ra``aij fuj imhtjlpmraacutehja a `a puc`diaidugraveh nj J` `dcrmnj `ms Jspigraverdtus Vjlms quj tras tmnm jsj prmijsm gay uhfih y uh njstdhm uh pmr quauml y uh para quauml uh prdhidpdmdhtj`dbjhtj njtraacutes jvm`uidmhahnm irjidjhnm rjpdtdjhnmaprjhndjhnm y jsia`a a jsia`a pmim a pmim ld`jhdm ald`jhdm js ljrjijnmr y imhqudstanmr nj sus `mbrms Ymhya 1 ld` ld``mhjs nj antildems quj j` gmlcrj prjtjhnjldrar pjrm aotildeh hm vj prjtjhnj jxp`diar pjrm aotildeh hm

imlprjhnj pjrm quj rjprjsjhtah `a guj``a dhnj`jc`j njNdms nj `a Jvm`uidugraveh nj` fih imhtuhnjhtj nj larigargaida `a dhtj`dbjhida gaida j` luhnm lmra`

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39frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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jhtrj ms ahdla`js tahtm jh aquj``ms quj fmrlah brupmsimlm jh aquj``ms quj sj rjjhiarhah ya nmljstdianms[rmiuralms im`miar euhtms jspigraverdtus quj ya imhvdvdjrmh mquj faid`dta a apardidugraveh y a j`acmraidugraveh nj sjhtdldjhtmsiquest

ms ahdla`js irjah `azms afjitdvms hm sugrave`m jhtrj sigravesdhm talcdaumlh imh `ms sjrjs gulahms nj jsm tjhjlmsprujcas tmnms `ms nigraveas Igdim Wavdjr pmsjigravea uh pjrrm njhmlcrj Nmh [jnrdtm a` quj qujrigravea luigm Nmh [jnrdtmfuj atrmpj``anm y lurdugrave para njsimhsuj`m nj Igdim Zh tdjlpm njspuaumls Igdim ahnaca pmr `a ia``j iuahnm sjndm iujhta quj `j pjrsjbuigravea uh pjrrdtm Yj `j aparjijjhtmhijs Jllahuj` j` ljhtmr nj` laumlndul quj `j ndij5laquoIgdim jspjra y figraveeatj jh jstj pjrrdtm iexclJs Nmh [jnrdtmquj vuj`vj a tdiquest Igdim rjimbdugrave afjitumsaljhtj a`pjrrdtm y `j ndm j` hmlcrj nj Crdhqudhgm ms ldaumlrim`jsimhfmrlj iujhta Igdim ldjhtras auml` dca a rjidcdr ljhsaejsCrdhqudhgm aparjiigravea pmr a``igrave Bm`pjaca a pujr ta jspjracaa quj Igdim `a acrdjra y sj tulcaca qudjtjidtm ldjhtrasj` tracaem nj psdimbrafigravea sj njsarrm``aca Iuahnm tmnmfiha`dzaca Crdhqudhgm sj `jvahtaca y abuarnaca a qujIgdim acrdjra `a pujrta

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jsiapa a` ahaacute`dsds imlm tmnm iuahtm ndlaha nj` Acsm`utmIrjana pmr almr irjana para alar tah dhsdbhdfiiahtj qujpujnj sjr jhijrrana jh uha fmrla imcarnj y fraacutebd` tahbrahnj quj imh uh dlpu`sm nj su pjhsaldjhtm acariaj` Dhfihdtm j` a`la js uha partigraveiu`a nj `a jsjhida ndvdhaprmyjitana a` luhnm latjrda` Njsnj `a gmra jh qujiayugrave jh `a latjrda gjlms imhtjlp`anm j` ialdhm qujsdbudugrave para rjlmhtar gasta j` puhtm aitua` nj su iarrjra[rjidsugrave pasar pmr vigraveas msiuras rjvjstdr fmrlas ahdlarmrbahdslms quj njeaca a` sa`dr nj iana jxdstjhida imlmsj gaij imh uh vjstuardm dhotildetd` ^mnms jstms iujrpms njiarhj pjrjidjrmh j` smp`m nj `ms njstdhms `js ndspjrsugrave`as ijhdzas Las j` a`la pjrsdstj y pjrlahjij jh supjrpjtudnan prmsdbuj su lariga asijhnjhtj rjimrrj asdhhuljrac`js jstaidmhjs nj su vdaej y sj ndrdbj gaida uhfih brahnj y apjtjidc`j uh fih quj js `a pjrfjiidugraveh J`a`la imhtdjhj jh jstanm vdrtua` tmnms `ms baumlrljhjs njsu njsarrm``m futurm Jstaacute njstdhana a imhmijr anqudrdr ypmsjjr tmnm [ara rja`dzar sus fihjs tdjhj quj rjimrrjr jhj` tdjlpm y j` jspaidm uh ialpm sdh `igraveldtjs

J` mcejtdvm nj a jvm`uidugraveh a razugraveh nj sjr nj a vdnahm js `a fj`didnan tjrrjstrj imlm luigms jrrugravehjaljhtjirjjh y sigrave j` pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm nj iana uhm nj hmsmtrmsT jsj pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm njcjlms rja`dzar`m pmr ljndmnj` tracaem nj` jsfujrzm nj tmnas `as a`tjrhatdvas nj `aa`jbrigravea y nj` nm`mr gasta quj hms gayalms njsarrm``anmimlp`jtaljhtj y j`jvanm a` jstanm ij`jstj J` nm`mrfigravesdim y lmra` fmrla hujstra jxpjrdjhida a sacdnurigravea jsj` prjldm [mim a pmim j` a`la sj j`jva y imhfmrlj vasucdjhnm jh j``a sj va aiulu`ahnm uha sula sdjlprjirjidjhtj nj sacjr y vdr tun sj sdjhtj laacutes jstrjigaljhtjuhdna a sus sjljeahtjs sj imluhdia laacutes igravehtdlaljhtjimh su ljndm smida` y p`ahjtardm J`jvaacutehnmsj iana vjz laacuteshm tarna jh uhdrsj pmr `azms pueahtjs a as smidjnanjs nj`Jspaidm y njspuaumls a` Yjr Zhdvjrsa`

Asigrave `a vdna nj` sjr imhsidjhtj js uha vdna njsm`dnardnan y `dcjrtan dcrj njhtrm nj `ms `igraveldtjs quj `j

sjntildea`ah `as `jyjs jtjrhas sj imhstdtuyj jh arqudtjitm njsu njstdhm Yu anj`ahtaldjhtm js mcra suya Hdhbuhafata`dnan `m mprdlj sa`vm `a nj sus prmpdms aitms iuyasimhsjiujhidas rjiajh jh auml` las hm pujnj njsarrm``arsjy ljnrar sdhm jh a vdna im`jitdva imh j` rjiursm nj ianauhm y jh prmvjigm nj tmnms Iuahtm laacutes sucj tahtmlaacutes sj sdjhtj vdvdr y sufrdr jh tmnms y pmr tmnms Jh `ahjijsdnan nj j`jvarsj a sigrave ldslm atraj a sigrave para gaijr`ms``jbar a` jstanm jspdrdtua` a tmnms ms sjrjs gulahms qujpujc`ah `ms luhnms nmhnj vdvdjra Qudjrj gaijr pmrj``ms `m quj pmr auml` gdidjrah sus gjrlahms laacutes vdjems `msbrahnjs Jspigraverdtus quj `m budarah jh su lariga

a latjrda js j` mcstaacuteiu`m otildetd` prmvmia j` jsfujrzmy njsarrm``a `a vm`uhtan imhtrdcuyj para `a asijhsdugraveh nj`ms sjrjs dlpmhdaumlhnm`js hjijsdnanjs quj `ms mc`dbah

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3gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY=

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Js `a `jy nj` jsfujrzm `jy suprjla pmr `a iua` j` sjrsj afirla trduhfa y sj njsarrm``a js `a labhigravefiia jpmpjyanj `a Gdstmrda `a `uiga jxtjrdmr quj ``jha j` luhnm a`uiga dhfjrdmr hm js ljhms imhlmvjnmra Iana vjz qujrjhaij tjhnraacute j` Jspigraverdtu quj aimlmnar anjiuar j` hujvmjhvm`tmrdm latjrda` quj `j va a sjrvdr nj lmrana y gaijrnj auml` uh dhstruljhtm iapaz nj tranuidr nj jxprjsar `asimhijpidmhjs nj su bjhdm A pjsar nj as njijpidmhjs nj`as njrrmtas a travaumls nj as jxdstjhidas rjhmvanas j` a`laimhsdbuj njsarrm``ar sus j`jvanas faiu`tanjs

Gay jh hmsmtrms uha smrna aspdraidugraveh uha igravehtdlajhjrbigravea ldstjrdmsa quj hms jhialdha gaida as a`turas qujhms gaij tjhnjr gaida njstdhms iana vjz laacutes j`jvanmsquj hms dlpj`j gaida m Cj``m y gaida j` Cdjh Js a jy nj`prmbrjsm a jvm`uidugraveh jtjrha quj buigravea a `a Gulahdnan a travaumls nj `as jnanjs y abudemhja a iana uhm nj hmsmtrmspmrquj jh `a Gulahdnan smh `as ldslas a`las quj njsdb`m jh sdb`m vuj`vjh para prmsjbudr imh `a ayuna njhujvms iujrpms prjparaacutehnmsj para luhnms ljemrjs jhsu mcra nj pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm

a `jy nj` prmbrjsm hm sj ap`dia sm`aljhtj a`gmlcrj js uhdvjrsa` Gay jh tmnms `ms rjdhms nj `aHatura`jza uha jvm`uidugraveh quj fuj rjimhmidna pmr `mspjhsanmrjs nj tmnms `ms tdjlpms Njsnj `a iauml`u`a vjrnjnjsnj j` jlcrdugraveh jrrahtj cmyahnm a ffimr nj `as abuas`a ianjha nj `as jspjidjs sj ga njsarrm``anm a travaumls njsjrdjs vardanas gasta hmsmtrms

Iana js`acugraveh nj jsa ianjha rjprjsjhta uha fmrlanj `a jxdstjhida quj imhnuij a uha fmrla supjrdmr a uhmrbahdslm laacutes r dim laacutes cdjh anaptanm a as hjijsdnanjsa `as lahdfjstaidmhjs irjidjhtjs nj `a vdna Las jh `a

jsia`a nj `a jvm`uidugraveh j` pjhsaldjhtm `a imhidjhida y`a `dcjrtan sugrave`m aparjijh pasanms luigms branms Jh `ap`ahta `a dhtj`dbjhida nmrldta jh j` ahdla` sujntildea sugrave`mjh j` gmlcrj njspdjrta sj imhmij sj pmsjj y sj vuj`vj

imhsidjhtj a partdr nj agigrave j` prmbrjsm nj a`buha sujrtjfata` jh `as fmrlas dhfjrdmrjs nj `a Hatura`jza sugrave`m sjpujnj rja`dzar pmr j` aiujrnm nj a vm`uhtan gulaha imh`as `jyjs Jtjrhas

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Jljrbjr branm a branm nj` acdslm nj `a vdna para tmrharsj Jspigraverdtu bjhdm supjrdmr y jstm pmr sus prmpdmslaumlrdtms y jsfujrzms imhqudstar j` futurm gmra a gmra dr`dcjraacutehnmsj nigravea a nigravea uh pmim laacutes nj `a bahba nj `aspasdmhjs `dcjrarsj nj `as subjstdmhjs nj` jbmigraveslm nj

`a pjrjza nj` njsaacutehdlm rjsiatarsj pmim a pmim nj susffiaqujzas nj su dbhmrahida ayunahnm a sus sjljeahtjs arjsiatarsj a su vjz arrastrahnm tmnm j` ljndm gulahm

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3frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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36 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM

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32CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Rjc5 wwwijdcjs

^j`f5 +9gt 62 47 7gt

aumlrdnabull Assmidaidugrave Jspigraverdta Mtus d Haumlral (AJMH)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Bjrlaha Ljriccedil Yahtaiaha 19 39 bull eumlrrjba (AumlSDNA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mtusdhjralKblad`iml

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsmtusdhjral ^j`f5 9gt 429 911 324

Lanrdnbull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj LanrdnNdrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a Cm`sa 1gt - 1micro niga

3713 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwjspdrdtaslanrdniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtaslanrdnKtj`jfmhdiahjt

Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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99Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta Frahidsim nj Asigraves nj`a Ydjrra

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a Iantildeana Sja` 33 1micro C37gt Im``anm Vd``a`ca (LANSDN)

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 f rahidsimnjasdsnj`asdjrraKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 627 16 441

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Jhtrj j` Idj`m y `a djrraNdrjiidugraveh5 Avna nj Lanrdn 34 `mia` 3767 bull Yah Lartigraveh nj Va`njdb`jsdas (LANSDN)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsjhtrjj`idj`my`atdjrra

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mab`dmKarraodsjs ^j`f5 +9gt 627 662 319 rsquo +9gt 627 662 313

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ljhsaejrms nj `a uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lanjra 1 - Caem

37gt bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwitvjsZYJSYijlj`gmljgtl

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijlj`lanrdnKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 9gt 41 976 3 77 rsquo 9gt 41 91gt 7 17bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms y Ndvu`baidugraveh

Jspigraverdta (IJTNJ)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lmhtjra 1-13 3ordf [`ahta - Hmicro 9 3719 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwijynjlanrdnmrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5aurmravaziaca``jrmKgmtlad`iml

ijynjlanrdnKyagmmjs

^j`f5 9gt 41 37 gt 71 rsquo +9gt 672 446 79

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundm Jspigraverdta jugraveh NjhdsNdrjiidugraveh5 Cmhjtjrm 9 ljtrm [dm WDD 3716 bull Lanrdn

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 `jmhnjhdsijKblad`imlRjc5 www`jmhnjhdsjs - wwwc`mb`jmhnjhdsjs

Laacute`ababull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas A``ah OarnjiNdrjiidugraveh5 I Gaumlrmjs nj Ymstma 29 J-1micro

343 bull Laacute`abaRjc5 wwwjndtmrajspdrdtaa``ahoarnjijs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 a`cmrahjndtmraKmhmiml

^j`f5 9gt 43 397 67 rsquo +9gt 62 7 32

Luridabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Sjidhtm nj [az Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a [az1 1micro N ([atdntildem) 913 LuridaRjc5 wwwijrjidhtmnjpazjs

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijrjidhtmnjpazKrjidhtmnjpazjs

ldbuj`ldvjbaKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 664 96 14

[mhtjvjnrabull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta [az Arlmhigravea y Iardnan

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Sotildea [jhds 31 - 1micro Niga 9631 bull Vdbm ([MH^JVJNSA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijpazarlmhdalmryiardnanKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 +9gt 61 7gt 136

Yjvd``abull Asmidaidugraveh Ijhtrm nj Jstundms

Jspigraverdtas nj Yjvd``aNdrjiidugraveh5 [rmspjrdnan 9 rdaha gt11 bull Yjvd``a

Rjc5 wwwjspdrdtassjvd``ajsImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 bjhmvjvala``mKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 4gt 379 7 rsquo +9gt 6 gt71 794

bull Brupm Jspigraverdta Hujvm Alahjijr Emahha nj Ahbj`ds

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ndjbm [ujrta 1 Jsi 9gt 2 A gt14 bull Yjvd``aRjc5 wwwhujvmalahjijrjspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtashujvmalahjijrKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 + 9gt 62 44 462 - + 9gt 62 44 46

^arrabmhabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Emahha nj Ahbj`dsNdrjiidugraveh5 [ucd`` Mrdm` 33

gt931 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 422 9gt6 16gt rsquo +9gt 63 gt61 67gt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Lahuj` y Ndva`nmNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Vdjhtm gt93 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)Rjc5 wwwijlyniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ar`dhbbKyagmmjs ^j`f5 +9gt 676 gt4 2gt6

Va`jhida

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Va`jhida Gmbar FratjrhmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Vd``ahujva nj Iastj``ugraveh 33 gt64 bull Va`jhidaRjc5 wwwasjsvamrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 gmbarfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 469 3 46 7

IJH^SMY JY[IgraveSD^AY MHDHJbull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aNdrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat (uhjs Ldaumlrim`js y Eujvjs 33g9)

Rjc5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`jfmhm5 +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas ‐YdhFrmhtjrasldquo

Ndrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat(Nmldhbms 31g)

Rjc5 gttp5ijjsdhfrmhtjrasjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijjsdhfrmhtjrasKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta

Abjhna Irdstdaha - JNDIJD gt ₠

A`cmrana Irdstdaha (Ljndahm) gt ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrDD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

Aacuternua Asijhsdugraveh 13 ₠

Atjhidugraveh (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ialdhm Vjrnan y Vdna - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Iartd``a nj` Cdjh - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Iuahnm Sjbrjsj `a [rdlavjra (Hmrla`) 2 ₠

Iujhtms Jspdrdtdstas 4 ₠

Njsnj a Mtra Vdna gt ₠

Njspdjrtj y Yja Fj`dz - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` A`la js Dhlmrta` 7 ₠

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta 4 ₠

J` Idj`m y j` Dhfijrhm - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Jspigraverdtu nj `a Vjrnan - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` Jvahbj`dm Yjbotildeh j` Jspdrdtdslm -JNDIJD

1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Yjr Yucimhsidjhtj 6 ₠

Jh `m Dhvdsdc`j 7 ₠

Jh `ms Nmldhdms nj `a Ljndulhdnan -JNDIJD

4 ₠

Jhtrj `a djrra y j` Idj`m - JNDIJD 4 ₠Jspdrdtdslm Lmnjrhm OA DJ ODHB - FJJ ₠

Jspdrdtdslm y Jim`mbigravea - JNDIJD 7 ₠

B`msardm Jspigraverdta (Cm`sd``m) 6 ₠

Buigravea [raacuteitdia nj` Jspdrdtdsta - FJJ ₠

Gdphmtdslm y Jspdrdtdslm 7 ₠

Ejsotildes jh j` Gmbar - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Eustdida Ndvdha - JNDIJD 7 ₠

a Baumlhjsds - JNDIJD 1 ₠

a Vdna jh Fald`da gt ₠

dcjraidugraveh - JNDIJD 4 ₠

as Vdnas Yuijsdvas 4 ₠

ms Ljhsaejrms - JNDIJD 7 ₠

ms Lujrtms Ydbujh Vdvdjhnm 6 ₠

Lahms Zhdnas (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljndtaidmhjs (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljlmrdas nj` [anrj Bjrlaacuteh 2 ₠

Ljhsaej nj uh Anm`jsijhtj njsnj j`Luhnm Jspdrdtua` - JNDIJD ₠

Ldsdmhjrms nj `a uz - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Lujrtj js Vdna 6 ₠

Hujstrm Gmbar - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Mcrjrms nj `a Vdna Jtjrha - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[ah Hujstrm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[jhsaldjhtm y Vdna - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Sj`dbdugraveh nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 177 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 174 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Yjntildea` Vjrnj gt ₠

Yjxm y Njstdhm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Ydjlcra nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Yuc`dlj Jxpdaidugraveh - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Vdna Fj`dz - JNDIJD 2 ₠

Lm`njahnm j` ^jrijr Ld`jhdm - Vdna yMcra nj Ndva`nm [ Frahim

1 ₠

Vdna y Yjxm - JNDIJD 6 ₠

T `a Vdna Imhtdhotildeahellip JNDIJD 7 ₠

dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ

Ugraverbahm jndtmrda` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a sdh aacutehdlm nj `uirm quj rjdhvdjrtj jh j` prmpdm

`dcrm jspigraverdta Yj gaijh jhvigravems imhtra rjjlcm`sm Gaba su pjndnm prjfjrdc`jljhtj pmr imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim adhfmKjspdrdtdslmii m pmr tj`aumlfmhm5 636 911 771

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3536

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Vdna ahtjs nj `a Vdna

Jhtrjvdsta a Iar`msSmcjrtm Ialpjttd

Jhfjrljnanjs nj` a`la[aacutebdha 1gt

Jvdnjhidas Idjhtigravefiias a favmr nj`a Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna [aacutebdha 3

[`ahjaldjhtm rjjhiarhatmrdm[aacutebdha 13

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐ms Gdems nj` Ayjrldquo

[aacutebdha 37

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 3bull Jndidugraveh Mitucrj 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

1 antildems nj J` `dcrm nj `ms laumlnduls

Jhtrjvdsta a` LaumlndulNdva`nm Frahim

Ljndulhdnan nj jfjitms figravesdims[aacutebdha 1gt

^rahsimluhdiaidugraveh dhstruljhta`[aacutebdha 3

Fmrlaidugraveh nj` Laumlndul[aacutebdha 13

Jspdrdtdslm jh a dtjratura

[aacutebdha 37

frac12Ejsotildes jra laumlndul=[aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 1bull Jndidugraveh Eu`dm 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Jspdrdtdslm imlm fi`msmfigravea nj vdna

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm57bull Jndidugravehacrd`31gtbull [rjidm59

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm52bull JndidugravehMitucrj 319bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

ms Ijhtrms jspdrdtdstas njcjh sjr`a iaacutetjnra nj` Jspigraverdtu nj Vjrnan

QZAuml JY J JY[DSD^DYLM=

DH^SMNZIIDUgraveHA IMHMIDLDJH^M NJ LZHNM DHVDYDCJ

[MS AY LAHDFJY^AIDMHJY NJ MY JY[IgraveSD^ZY

Imhtdjhj j` rjsuljh nj ms prdhidpdms nj a nmitrdha jspdrdtdsta y as rjs-pujstas a as prdhidpa`js mcejidmhjs

pmr

A``ah - Oarnjiautmr nj` dcrm nj ms jspigraverdtus y nj` dcrm nj ms Ljnduls

JNDIDUgraveH JIMHUgraveLDIA

[rjidm 3 rja`js

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh Jspantildea

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm56bull JndidugravehEu`dm319bull[rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5bull JndidugravehLarzm319bull [rjidm59₠

nj a FJJ

Jspdrdtdslm jh j` luhnm[aacutebdha 37

[rjiursmrjs nj` Jspdrdtdslm[aacutebdha 6

Artgur Imhah Nmy`j[aacutebdha 32

Idjhtigravefiims jspigraverdtas nj`sdb`m WDW [aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a rjvj`aidugraveh jspigraverdtay A``ah Oarnji [aacutebdha 17

a SjvujYpdrdtj [aacutebdha 3

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

a Vdna jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

[sdim`mbigravea jh j` laacutes a``aacute[aacutebdha 1gt

Aacutehbj`js BuarndahjsJspigraverdtus [rm-tjitmrjsFald`darjs y Ydlpaacutetdims

[aacutebdha 32[jrdjspigraverdtu

[aacutebdha 33

ms Yujntildems Jspdrdtua`js[aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐HMYYM ASldquo

Jhtrjvdsta aYahtdaba Hmbujrm [aacutebdha 1

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5gtbull JndidugravehYjptdjlcrj 313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

^rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

a vdna jtjrha[aacutebdha 1

^rahsdidugraveh p`ahjtarda[aacutebdha 37

[`ura`dnan nj luhnms gacdtanms[aacutebdha 39

Jvm`uidugraveh gdstugraverdia nj` pjhsaldjh-tm jspdrdtua` [aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Jhtrjvdsta

Cdmbrafigravea

a Larigravea nj `aBraida nj Jh-

njr [aacutebdha 12

aumlmh Njhds[aacutebdha 7

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm59bull JndidugravehLarzm313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

[jtdidugraveh nj hotildeljrms ahtjrdmrjs5

H 1 rsquo 1 Antildems nj` ‐dcrm nj`ms Laumlndulsldquo

H 3 rsquo Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna

H 9 rsquo rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

H gt rsquo a Vdna jh j` luhnmjspdrdtua`

H rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

H 6 rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslmjh Jspantildea

H 2 rsquo J` Ijhtrm Jspdrdta

H 7 rsquo J` Jspdrdtdslm imlmfi`msmfigravea nj vdna

pjndnmsrjvdstafjjKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3636

DHFMSLAIDUgraveH T SJYJSVAY5

YJISJ^ASIgraveA AumlIHDIAMSBAHDUA

IMHFJSJHIDAY

T YJLDHASDMY

bull J` Luhnm Dhvdsdc`j

bull Sjbrjsm a `a vdna jspdrdtua`

bull J` laacutes a``aacute nj` sudidna

bull a lotildesdia jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

jqud`dcrdm para j` a`la

bull Jspigraverdtus y su gdstmrda jh `a gulahd-

nan

bull ^jrapda nj` almr

bull Imluhdiaidugraveh imh `ms jspigraverdtus5

ldtms y vjrnanjs

bull Njsvj`ahnm `m dhvdsdc`j (prujcas idjhtigrave-

fiias fi`msugravefiias j gdstugraverdias)

I d ` n d d dc`

a partdidpaidugraveh a jstj jvjhtm jstaacute acdjrta a tmnas aquj``as pjrsmhas dhtjrjsanas

IMHFJSJHIDAH^JY

Ndva`nm [ Frahim - A`frjnm A`mhsm nj `a Fujhtj - A`frjnm

^acujntildea - Vditmr Suahm - Iar`ms Ialpjttd - Euah Ldbuj`

Fjrhaacutehnjz - Eahaigraveha Ldhj``d - Iarljh Iarnmha - Ldbuj`

Vjra - M`ba Mrtdz

6 2 y 7 Ndidjlcrj 31gt

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull JY[IgraveSD^Z T LA^JSDA

A jstms nms j`jljhtms gacrigravea quj antildeandr uh tjrijrmquj js j` F`udnm Iugravesldim Zhdvjrsa` Aumlstj aituarigravea imlmdhtjrljndardm jhtrj j` jspigraverdtu y `a latjrda para quj j`prdljrm pujna dhtjraiidmhar imh j` sjbuhnm a` sjr nmsj`jljhtms ndsmidanms tah ndfjrjhtjs uhm nj` mtrm Yjrigraveaimlm uha jspjidj nj ialpm nj a`botildeh tdpm nj fujrza qujjlaharigravea nj` jspigraverdtu sucmrndhanm a` dhffiuem nj `a vm`uhtannj` ldslm [ara imlprjhnjr jstm a ligrave lj ayuna j`dlabdharlj uh pjqujntildem jxpjrdljhtm nj figravesdia5 Yj imbjuh dlaacuteh uha gmea nj papj` y `dlanura nj gdjrrm y sjim`mia j` dlaacuteh jhidla nj uha ljsa pmr jejlp`m `a gmeanj papj` jhidla y sj jspm`vmrja `a `dlanura nj gdjrrmjhidla nj `a gmea Vjlms imlm `a `dlanura nj gdjrrm (`a

latjrda) va fmrlahnm `igravehjas smcrj j` papj` a`rjnjnmrnj` dlaacuteh (j` jspigraverdtu) sdbudjhnm `as `igravehjas nj fujrza nj`ialpm labhaumltdim (j` ffiudnm iugravesldim uhdvjrsa`) bjhjranmjhtrj `ms pm`ms hjbatdvms y pmsdtdvms imhijhtraacutehnmsjpartdiu`arljhtj jh `ms ldslms Sjpdtm quj jstm sugrave`m jsuh jejlp`m para ayunar a `a imlprjhsdugraveh nj` fjhugraveljhmya quj prmcac`jljhtj `a rja`dnan sja luigm laacutesimlp`jea y nj gjigm `m sja

Js braidas a `a dhfmrlaidugraveh apmrtana pmr `ms Jspigraverdtussupjrdmrjs quj gmy imhmijlms `a dlpmrtahida nj jsj tjrijr j`jljhtm dhtjrljndardm quj vdjhj a apmrtar a`buha`uz smcrj iugravelm pujnjh dhtjraituar jspigraverdtu y latjrda

sdjhnm tah ndsparjs j` uhm nj` mtrm j` uhm dhlatjrda`y j` mtrm ‐dhjspdrdtua`ldquo sd sj lj pjrldtj j` hjm`mbdslm^alcdaumlh `m jhimhtralms a ljhmr jsia`a jh j` sjr vdvmcaem j` hmlcrj nj pjrdjspigraverdtu m iujrpm jspdrdtua` imlm`m `alaca j` apugravestm` [ac`m9 fmrlanm nj a ldsla latjrdajspdrdtua` iulp`djhnm `a ldsla fuhidugraveh nj dhtjrljndardmjhtrj j` iujrpm figravesdim y j` jspigraverdtu rjvdstdjhnm yaimlpantildeahnm sdjlprj a jstj otilde`tdlm pmr luy j`jvanmquj sja imh `a partdiu`ardnan nj quj imhfmrlj a `aj`jvaidugraveh nj` Jspigraverdtu sj gaij laacutes sutd` y ljhms njhsm

Jsj pjrdjspigraverdtu sjrigravea jhtrj mtras prmpdjnanjs j`abjhtj ljndahtj a` iua` `ms jspigraverdtus pujnjh lahdfjstarsjy gasta rjvjstdrsj tjlpmra`ljhtj nj latjrda j`

jitmp`aslagt

jxunanm pmr `ms laumlnduls para fmrlar uh‐fahtaslaldquo vdsdc`j a` imlotildeh nj ms lmr ta`js y pmr antildeandnurasusijptdc`j nj sjr fmtmbrafianm Falmsms smh `ms iasmsnj `jvdtaidugraveh latjrda`dzaidugraveh nj mcejtms lahms iaras yiujrpms jhtjrms prmnuidnms imh `a ayuna nj laumlnduls

caem j` rdburmsm imhtrm` nj idjhtigravefiims nj rjhmlcrj ta`jsimlm R Irmmojs A S Ra``aij I Sdigjt I mlcrmsmI F`allardmh B Gald`tmh6 y mtrms

ms idjhtigravefiims quj hm gah jstundanm j` fjhugraveljhma fmhnm aotildeh hm gah aijptanm jsas jvdnjhidas idjhtigravefiiasimlm vaacute`dnas `m taigah nj fraunj pmr partj nj `mslaumlnduls quj gah imhsjbudnm jhbantildear pmr ljndm njartdlantildeas a cujha fj nj ms im`jbas quj m gah mcsjrvanm

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fujrzas jh `a gulahdnan tjrrjha= frac12a idjhida mfiida`aijptaraacute a`botildeh nigravea `a jxdstjhida nj` jspigraverdtu imlm fujrzarja` nj` uhdvjrsm= frac12as imhfjsdmhjs rj`dbdmsas aijptaraacuteh `asimhi`usdmhjs nj `a idjhida= Tm irjm quj sigrave y j` Jspdrdtdslmimlm idjhida nj mcsjrvaidugraveh nj jsms fjhugraveljhms qujprjtjhnj sjr y imlm fi`msmfigravea jspdrdtua`dsta quj js acmbapmr j``m [msdc`jljhtj hm `m vjalms jh vdna hdhbuhm nj`ms quj jstalms agmra aquigrave pjrm ``jbaraacute hm `m nunm yimlm jspigraverdtus jtjrhms quj smlms `m vjrjlms

9 a Cdc`da D Imr 15gtgt

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Njcjlms aijptar quj smh nms fujrzas nj`uhdvjrsm quj sj mpmhjh y quj sj uhjh a`ldslm tdjlpm sj dhffiujhidah y tracaeah uhasmcrj `a mtra y quj vah sdjlprj uhdnas a` sjr`as nms mrdbdhardas nj uha ldsla fujhtj Ndms

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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4BAumlHJYDY [AHJ^ASDM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

BAumlHJYDY

[AHJ^ASDM

Ga jstundanm Idjhidas Figravesdias jh Crasd` Yj njndia dhtjhsaljhtj a`a ndvu`baidugraveh nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh ljndms jsirdtms randm j DhtjrhjtFmrla partj nj `a Imldsdugraveh nj Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Nmitrdha Jspigraverdtanj `a Fjj

I`aacuteunda Cjrharnjs

nj Iarva`gm

a bjm`mbigravea js uha nj `as idjhidas hatura`jsfuhnaljhta`js a`bm laacutes njsimhmidna quj sus gjrlahaslaymrjs5 `a astrmhmligravea `a figravesdia `a quigraveldia y `a cdm`mbigravea Jh `acata``a nj `as dnjas iuahnm qujrjlms rjspujstas aijria nj`a urahmbrafigravea nj `a ^djrra jstundalms nj fmrla rdburmsa `aimlpmsdidugraveh `a jstruitura dhtjrha `ms prmijsms jvm`utdvms`as prmpdjnanjs figravesdias ndhaacuteldia j gdstmrda nj `ms latjrda`js

tjrrjstrjs Jstms ahaacute`dsds imhtrdcuyjh a` jhtjhndldjhtm nj `afmrlaidugraveh nj `a imr tjza tjrrjstrj

frac12Quauml pmnjlms sacjr njhtrm nj `ms imhijptmsjpdstaumlldims nj `a vjrnan rja`dnan y mcejtdvdnan nj `a baumlhjsdsp`ahjtarda= Luigas smh `as gdpugravetjsds idjhtigravefiias sdh jlcarbm`a Imndfiiaidugraveh Jspigraverdta hms jhsjntildea quj hujstrm mrcj asigraveimlm `ms njlaacutes p`ahjtas quj ffiuitotildeah jh j` jspaidm smhlasas quj sdrvjh nj ndfjrjhtjs lahjras a `ms jspigraverdtusA`buhms nj j``ms sj jhiujhtrah jh jstandms dhdida`js mtrms yaa`cjrbah a jspigraverdtus ldjhtras mtrms tahtms jstaacuteh jh prmijsmnj jxtdhidugraveh

ms jspigraverdtus quj ya a`iahzarmh j` branm nj purjza

smh `ms arqudtjitms jstj`arjs quj sdjlprj mcjnjijh a`jyjs jtjrhas y tdjhjh imlm tarja im`acmrar imh Ndms jh`a fmrlaidugraveh nj `ms luhnms utd`dzahnm y tracaeahnm `asjhjrbigraveas jh `a brah sdhfmhigravea nj `a jvm`uidugraveh Jh su mrdbjh jsmsc`mqujs njfmrljs nj lasas im`msa`js smh lahdpu`anms pmrjsms prmyjitdstas jh j` `acmratmrdm uhdvjrsa` trahsfmrlahnm`a latjrda dlpmhnjrac`j jh pmhnjrac`j J``ms `m gaijhrjtdrahnm nj` a`laiaumlh uhdvjrsa` `ms rjiursms jhjrbaumltdimspara ta` fih

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`ms dhhuljrac`js p`ahjtas para aimbjr jspigraverdtus jhiarhanms mnjsjhiarhanms Jh hujstrm iasm njspuaumls nj `a ab`mljraidugravehffiuigravendia j` mrcj tjrrjhm tmnavigravea hm jstaacute prjparanm paraa`cjrbar `a vdna ta` imlm `a imhmijlms

[ara njtjrldhar uha uhdnan bjmirmhm`ugravebdia nj `a^djrra y mctjhjr uha hmidugraveh rj`atdva a su fmrlaidugraveh sjrja`dza uha jstdlaidugraveh a travaumls nj uha dhspjiidugraveh nj sus

jxtraitms jxaldhahnm `ms njpugravesdtms suijsdvms supjrpujstmsAha`dzahnm jsms pjrigravemnms bjm`ugravebdims mcsjrvalms quj`a ^djrra ga pasanm pmr vardas fasjs jh su fmrlaidugraveh Jsasfasjs m trahsfmrlaidmhjs fujrmh sjiu`arjs pmr `m tahtm

trasiurrdjrmh imh `jhtdtun `m quj ``jvugrave a quj `ms j`jljhtmsquj imhstdtuyjh j` b`mcm sj jqud`dcrasjh pau`atdhaljhtja`iahzahnm `a pmsdidugraveh njsjana jxijptuahnm j` pjrigravemnmnd`uvdahm nmhnj j` ialcdm fuj laacutes sotildecdtm A` jxaldhar `asiapas bjm`ugravebdias sj pujnj afirlar nj lahjra luy ijriahaa `a rja`dnan sd jstas zmhas jstacah miupanas pmr lar `abmscmsqujs p`ahdidjs m pmc`anms pmr ahdla`js tjrrjstrjs [mrimhsdbudjhtj ms jxtraitms supjrpujstms dhndiah uha prujcadhj`undc`j nj sd `a zmha smpmr tugrave m hm vdna prdldtdva

Vjalms imh laacutes njtjhdldjhtm sjbotildeh a Baumlhjsds dcrm nj`a Imndfiiaidugraveh Jspigraver dta nms fujrmh as iausas quj favmrjidjrmh`ms ialcdms jh `a fmrlaidugraveh nj `a ^djrra5 j` fujbm y j` abuaJ` prdljrm a travaumls nj` guhndldjhtm nj `ms suj`ms pmr `afujrza nj` fujbm jh `as jrupidmhjs vm`iaacutehdias quj jlpuearmhj` abua a zmhas dhfjrdmrjs A imhtdhuaidugraveh `a sjbuhna iausa j`abua aituugrave imh drrupidmhjs njscmrnaldjhtms dhuhnaidmhjsy aiulu`aidmhjs nj tdjrras jh `as njsjlcmianuras nj `msrigravems jxpu`sahnm `a lar y irjahnm hujvms tjrrdtmrdms

Jh j` jstanm prdldtdvm nj` b`mcm `ms aigataldjhtmsnj `ms pm`ms nj `a ^djrra smh dhndidms nj quj jh sus dhdidmsjstuvm jh jstanm ffiuigravendim jstanm quj punm njcjrsj a quj `alatjrda a` prdhidpdm jstuvdjra `diuana pmr `a aiidugraveh nj` fujbmm nd`udna pmr j` abua J` ia`mr jh j` dhtjrdmr nj `a ^djrra `asfujhtjs tjrla`js fujbms lasas fuhndnas jsiupdnas pmr `ms

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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1 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull BAumlHJYDY [AHJ^ASDM

vm`iahjs `as brdjtas fmrlanas pmr `ms tjlc`mrjs nj tdjrrashm njeah nuna nj su dhtjrdmr igravebhjm nj jsj lmnm rjsu`ta`ugravebdim quj su jstanm pastmsm mrdbdhardm njcj gacjr tjhdnmimlm iausa prdlmrnda` j` ia`mr y hm j` abua [mr `m tahtmjh su mrdbjh `a ^djrra fuj uha lasa dhiahnjsijhtj quj aimhsjiujhida nj a randaidugraveh ia`ugraverdia sj jhfrdugrave nj fujra gaidanjhtrm fmrlahnm uha imrtjza jh su supjrfiidj ldjhtras sudhtjrdmr pjrlahjij ffiudnm

^mnm jh j` prdhidpdm js imhfusdugraveh jh uha aparjhtjsdtuaidugraveh iaugravetdia nmhnj `as jhjrbigraveas sj jhfrigraveah luy`jhtaljhtj Njsnj `a fmrlaidugraveh tjrrjha `ms aacutetmlms smh`ms ldslms hd uhm laacutes hd uhm ljhms pjrm a imhsjiujhida

nj` jhfrdaldjhtm sj fmrlarmh hujvas imlcdhaidmhjs ^mnmsaquj``ms j`jljhtms susijptdc`js nj vm`atd`dzarsj pasarmha jstanm basjmsm a njhsdnan nj tmnms jsms basjs jhsuspjhsdugraveh imhfjrigravea uha mpaidnan ta` quj hm pjhjtraca `a`uz nj` sm` sdjhnm dhiapaz nj mfrjijr ialpm faumlrtd` a `a vdna

J` prdljr jfjitm nj` jhfrdaldjhtm y prmnuitm ndrjitmnj `a sm`dndfiiaidugraveh nj `a supjrfiidj jxtjrdmr quj iaraitjrdzaj` pjrigravemnm prdlardm fuj `a fmrlaidugraveh nj` brahdtm Jsaimhnjhsaidugraveh nj `ms ljta`js fmrlugrave `a imstra sm`dndfiiananj` b`mcm quj iucrj partj nj `a supjrfiidj p`ahjtarda y jsimhsdnjrana j` jsquj`jtm tjrrjhm

J` sjbuhnm jfjitm fuj `a `diujfaiidugraveh nj `ms vapmrjs quj

sj prjidpdtarmh smcrj j` suj`m Yj prmnuejrmh `uvdas nj ljta`jsquj iausarmh fisuras vjtas y fi`mhjs jh j` brahdtm iausahnmnjsimlpmsdidmhjs suijsdvas Idi`ms dhdhtjrrulpdnms njprjidpdtaidmhjs y jvapmraidmhjs prmpdidarmh `a caeana nj `a

tjlpjratura Ahaacuterqudia ljzi`a nj j`jljhtms iaraitjr dzugravejsj pjrigravemnm prdlardm nmhnj imlm ya sj jxp`diugrave hdhbotildeh sjrvdvm punm jxdstdr

Jh j` pjrigravemnm nj trahsdidugraveh j` pjqujntildem jspjsmr nj`a imrtjza brahigravetdia prmpmridmhaca uha naumlcd` rjsdstjhidaAcuhnahtjs nd`ataidmhjs y njsp`azaldjhtms pjrldtdjrmhquj `a `ava dhtjrdmr sj trahscmrnara J` adrj fuj `dcjrahnm`as latjrdas laacutes pjsanas pmr prjidpdtaidugraveh sdjhnm aumlstas

arrastranas y ndsuj`tas jh j` abua quj pmsjigravea pmiaprmfuhndnan y iucrigravea iasd tmna `a supjrfiidj

Jh jsj tdjlpm `ms jhtjs cdm`ugravebdims tmnavigravea hm jxdstigraveah

nj lmnm quj aumlstms gah tjhdnm aquigrave uh imldjhzm ms sjrjsvdvms jstaacuteh suejtms a dhhuljrac`js vdidsdtunjs uha irjaidugravehjhtjra pmnrigravea qujnar imlprmljtdna nurahtj su jvm`uidugravehpmr iua`qudjr faitmr anvjrsm `m quj rjfujrza `a prjvdsdugraveh njNdms y sus arqudtjitms a` irjar rjspjtahnm j` prmijsm njjvm`uidugraveh hatura` `a p`ura`dnan nj `ms faitmrjs cdugravetdims

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a`tjraidugraveh laacutes njstaiac`jJh jsj pjrigravemnm imljhzarmh a fmrlarsj `ms jxtraitms

nj tjrrjhms sjndljhtardms pmr j` arrastrj nj `as abuasiarbanas nj `dlm y latjrda`js ndvjrsms anjiuanms a `a vdnamrbaacutehdia Aparjidjrmh `ms prdljrms sjrjs vdvms nj` rjdhmvjbjta` nj mrbahdzaidugraveh rundljhtarda `ms `igravequjhjs lusbmssjtas gj`jigms y p`ahtas gjrcaacuteijas a `a par quj `ms ahdla`jsnj mrbahdzaidugraveh pmim imlp`jea Jstms sjrjs jxi`usdvaljhtjlardhms smh imhmidnms imlm zmugravefitms randanms pm`igravepjrmslaacutes tarnj aparjidjrmh `ms irustaacuteijms y `ms pjijs

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imh `a aiidugraveh nj` ia`mr y `a guljnan prmpdidugrave j` alcdjhtjdnugravehjm a` surbdldjhtm nj `as p`ahtas iucrdjhnm raacutepdnaljhtj`a supjrfiidj imh vjbjtaidugraveh acuhnahtj y jxucjrahtj a`

tdjlpm quj `as p`ahtas aiuaacutetdias talcdaumlh sj lu`tdp`diarmhA imhsjiujhida nj` njsp`azaldjhtm nj` abua quj sjbuigraveasu idi`m hatura` `ms tjrrjhms fujrmh dhuhnanms y iucdjrtmspmr sjndljhtms nj ta` lmnm quj vardas bjhjraidmhjsa`tjrhanaljhtj jstuvdjrmh smljtdnas a sjquigravea y rjpmc`aidugravehahdqud`anms y rjhmvanms nj fmrla iigravei`dia

Jh j` pjrigravemnm sjiuhnardm `a vjbjtaidugraveh im`msa` y `msahdla`js njsaparjijh njcdnm a `ms iatai`dslms y a` ialcdmnj imhndidmhjs atlmsfaumlrdias iaraitjrdzanms pmr brahnjs

`jvahtaldjhtms y jrupidmhjs vm`iaacutehdias Jh jsa aumlpmia `avjbjtaidugraveh irjij njspaidm pmr `a ndsldhuidugraveh nj` ia`mry `a guljnan ms ahdla`js smh tmnavigravea aiuaacutetdims surbjh

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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11BAumlHJYDY [AHJ^ASDM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

`ms ahficdms y sj njstaia jh jsa jra `a apardidugraveh nj brahnjsrjptd`js Jh jsj pjrigravemnm `a vdna ahdla` a`iahzugrave uh jhmrljnjsarrm``m imlm gacigravea miurrdnm imh `a vjbjtaidugraveh jh j`pjrigravemnm ahtjrdmr J` adrj laacutes purdfiianm pjrldtdugrave quj `msahdla`js vdvdjsjh smcrj `a ^djrra Njsaparjijh `ms ahdla`jsaiuaacutetdims bdbahtjsims sustdtudnms pmr ahdla`js ahaacute`mbms pjrmlaacutes prmpmridmhanms y nj talantildem laacutes rjnuidnm

Jh j` pjrigravemnm tjridardm j` jstanm alcdjhta` ialcdahujvaljhtj prmpdidahnm imhndidmhjs nj vdta`dnan quj sjaprmxdlah a` jstanm aitua` aparjidjhnm hujvas jspjidjs imhmrbahdzaidugraveh laacutes pjrfjita y quj sj anaptah a `a hatura`jzanj` ljndm nmhnj smh ``alanms a vdvdr Agmra `a jhvm`tura

nj `a imstra tjrrjstrj tdjhj laymr jspjsmr prmpmridmhahnmuha imhsdnjrac`j rjsdstjhida a `a aiidugraveh nj` fujbm dhtjrdmrNj fmrla hm sdlu`taacutehja sj fmrlarmh `ms pdims y ianjhasnj lmhtantildeas `m quj miasdmhugrave quj `a supjrfiidj nj` suj`m sjvm`vdjra njsdbua` y quj `as abuas fujrah jlpueanas a zmhasdhfjrdmrjs trahsfmrlahnm j` aspjitm nj` b`mcm

J` pjrigravemnm nd`uvdahm jstaacute larianm pmr j` laymriatai`dslm nj` p`ahjta pmr tmnas partjs qujnah sjntildea`jsnj ta`js imhvu`sdmhjs as abuas dhvandjrmh `ms imhtdhjhtjslmndfiiahnm randia`ljhtj j` pahmrala gasta jhtmhijsjxdstjhtj y `ms pm`ms imljhzarmh a iucrdrsj nj gdj`mfmrlahnm `ms b`aidarjs `m iua` apuhta a quj gucm uhsdbhdfiiatdvm ialcdm nj tjlpjratura b`mca` ^mnms `msga``azbms idjhtigravefiims ``jvah a pjhsar quj jsj ialcdm fujcrusim

Zha vjz rjstac`jidnm j` jqud`dcrdm `ms ahdla`js y `msvjbjta`js rjtmlarmh su iursm jvm`utdvm Zha atlugravesfjra laacutes`dlpda nj basjs pjrldtdugrave quj `ms rayms nj` Ym` `a atravjsasjhJ` suj`m lmstrugrave hujvaljhtj uhas imhndidmhjs favmrac js yjstac`js a` njsarrm``m nj a vdna mrbahdzana smcrj a supjrfiidja ^djrra sj pmc`aca imh ahdla`js laacutes smidac`js y ljhmsfjrmijs `ms vjbjta`js prmpdidacah uha a`dljhtaidugraveh laacutessuavj y `dbjra Fuj sm`aljhtj jhtmhijs iuahnm tmnms `msfaitmrjs alcdjhta`js rjsu`tarmh anjiuanms para `a apardidugravehnj` gmlcrj smcrj j` mrcj

Hm gacigravea imhndidmhjs nj vdta`dnan para j` gmlcrj jh`ms pjrigravemnms ahtjrdmrjs sdh jlcarbm gay njsiucrdldjhtmsrjidjhtjs quj parjijh imhfirlar quj a`botildeh jspaumlidljh

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Ld``arjs nj antildems smh dlprjsidhndc`js para quj ianafasj pjrsdba su jstacd`dnan smh hjijsardas rjvm`uidmhjsbjhjra`js y parida`js nj` b`mcm para a`iahzar j` aspjitmaitua` prmpdidahnm nj jsj lmnm `ms alcdjhtjs rjqujrdnms a

`a jvm`uidugraveh nj `a vdna mnms `ms pjrigravemnms fujrmh hjijsardmspara quj `ms sjrjs vdvms jvm`uidmhasjh sdjhnm j` sjr gulahmj` aacutepdij nj jsj njsarrm``m

a ^djrra fuj prjparana para quj j` gmlcrj tuvdjra`as ljemrjs imhndidmhjs nj supjrvdvjhida iuahnm ``jbara j`lmljhtm nj miupar tjlpmra`ljhtj jstj p`ahjta para a

travaumls nj `a jhiarhaidugraveh jejrijr sus faiu`tanjs nj jspigraverdtudhlmrta` Iuahnm vuj`va a` luhnm jspdrdtua` nj nmhnj jsmrdbdhardm j` jspigraverdtu pmnraacute miupar nj aiujrnm a su hdvj`jvm`utdvm mtrms luhnms talcdaumlh prjparanms para sunjsarrm``m nmhnj sjbudraacute su fmrlaidugraveh

Ld``arjs nj antildems smh dlprjsidhndc`js paraquj iana fasj pjrsdba su jstacd`dnan smhhjijsardas rjvm`uidmhjs bjhjra`js y parida`jsnj` b`mcm para a`iahzar j` aspjitm aitua`prmpdidahnm nj jsj lmnm `ms alcdjhtjsrjqujrdnms a `a jvm`uidugraveh nj `a vdna

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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13 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull A JVMZIDMH AHIgraveLDIA

A JVMZIDMH AHIgraveLDIA

Dhbjhdjrm Dhnustrda` Ndvu`banmr jspigraverdta y rjnaitmr nj` pjrdugravendim J` Aacutehbj`nj` Cdjh puc`dianm pmr j` I J ‐Jhtrj j` Idj`m y a djrraldquo nj Yah Lartigravehnj Va`njdb`jsdas (Lanrdn)

Emsauml Dbhaidm Lmnaldm

Hana pjrlahjij jstaidmhardm jh `a Hatura`jza tmnm jvm`uidmha jh iulp`dldjhtm nj `a jy nj [rmbrjsma travaumls nj `a rjjhiarhaidugraveh y nj `ms ljiahdslms njanaptaidugraveh y gjrjhida Jh iana jhiarhaidugraveh dhtjbralms`a gjrjhida figravesdim-dhstdhtdva nj hujstrms panrjs imh `agjrjhida nj hujstras imhqudstas fisdmpsdimsmlaacutetdias njjxdstjhidas pasanas dhtjbranas jh hujstrm pjrdjspigraverdtupjrldtdaumlhnmhms njsarrm``ar hujvas iapaidnanjs yiaraitjrigravestdias dha`iahzac`js gasta jsj lmljhtm

a jxpjrdjhida jh tmnas `as jtapas nj `a jvm`uidugraveh

js j` lmtmr quj j`acmra `a aitdvdnan rjffijea (j` rjffijem)quj prjijnjraacute a` dhstdhtm (autmlatdzaidugraveh) quj a su vjzprjijnjraacute a `a aitdvdnan rjffijxdva quj sjraacute `a casj nj `adhtj`dbjhida jh su ialdhm gaida `a imhidjhida nj sigrave ldslm y`a rjspmhsacd`dnan lmra`

Bacrdj` Nj`ahhj jh su `dcrm a jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldia hmsndij5 laquo mnms ms ialcdms quj sj mcsjrvah jh a Hatura`jzahm tdjhjh sdhm uh mcejtm5 j` prmbrjsm nj` Jspigraverdtuiquest J`jstundm nj a jy nj [rmbrjsm hms pjrldtj imhi`udr quj hanamiurrj jh `a Hatura`jza pmr iasua`dnan Iana anaptaidugravehsj prmyjita jh j` p`ahm jxtra-figravesdim para iulp`drsj jh j`p`ahm figravesdim jh iulp`dldjhtm nj `a jy Hatura` para j` cdjh

nj tmnas `as irdaturas jh vdrtun nj `a brah jy nj Zhdnanquj rdbj `a Irjaidugraveh^mnm jvm`uidmha jh `a Irjaidugraveh tahtm `m

pjrtjhjidjhtj a` aacutelcdtm nj `a latjrda prmvjhdjhtj pmr tahtm nj` [rdhidpdm Latjr da` m F`udnm Iugravesldim Zhdvjrsa`imlm `m pjrtjhjidjhtj a` aacutelcdtm jspdrdtua` prmvjhdjhtjnj` [rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj quj ahdla tmnm `m irjanm J`[rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj js `a jxprjsdugraveh nj `a atraiidugraveh jh j`ldhjra` a sjhsaidugraveh jh `m vjbjta` j` dhstdhtm jh j` ahdla` j`razmhaldjhtm jh j` gmlcrj y `m ndvdhm jh j` jspigraverdtu purm(vjr apar tanm ‐Autmlatdslm y gjrjhidaldquo jh `dcrm Jvm`uidugravehjh nms luhnms Igdim Wavdjr) Ndigm nj mtrm lmnm5 j`[rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj jh j` vjbjta` aprjhnj a njsarrm``ar `msdhstdhtms Jh j` ahdla` ya imh `ms dhstdhtms njsarrm``anmsprmbrjsa njsarrm``ahnm `a dhtj`dbjhida Jh j` gmlcrj njdhtj`dbjhida njspdjrta su prmbrjsm prdhidpa` sj njsarrm``araacute

jh j` ialpm nj` sjhtdldjhtm T jh j` sjr supjrdmr im`lanmnj sjhtdldjhtms suc`dljs imhtdhuaraacute su njsarrm``m gaida`igraveldtjs dhsmspjiganms nj imhidjhida jspdrdtua` a`iahzahnm`ms p`ahms supjrdmrjs nj `a Irjaidugraveh jh uhdugraveh imh Ndms

a mcsjrvaidugraveh hms njlujstra quj nj` ldslm lmnmquj j` dhstdhtm jh j` ahdla` js nj `a ldsla hatura`jza qujjh j` gmlcrj su dhtj`dbjhida y sjhtdldjhtm talcdaumlh `m smhy varigraveah sugrave`m jh j` branm nj njsarrm``m Bacrdj` Nj`ahhjjh su `dcrm a jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldia ndij5 laquo`a hatura`jzapjhsahtj nj uhm y nj` mtrm js nj` ldslm mrnjh y hm

ndfijrjh jh jsjhida sdhm jh branm nj lahdfjstaidugraveh y jstmjs prjidsaljhtj `m quj jvdnjhidah idjrtas faiu`tanjs nj`ms ahdla`js ta`js imlm `a atjhidugraveh j` eudidm j` raidmidhdm`a asmidaidugraveh nj dnjas `a ljlmrda y `a dlabdhaidugravehiquest (paacuteb4) Anjlaacutes njlujstra talcdaumlh laquoquj `ms sjhtdldjhtmslmra`js ta`js imlm j` rjlmrndldjhtm j` sjhtdnm lmra``a hmidugraveh nj `m eustm y nj `m dheustm jtiaumltjra sj ga``ah jhbjrljh jh tmnms `ms ahdla`jsiquest (paacuteb 2)

Jh `a dhfahida gulaha m rjjhiarhaidmhjs prdldtdvasnj` gmlcrj hms lmvjlms laacutes pmr dhstdhtms prmvjhdjhtjsnj `as jtapas nj `a ahdla`dnan ahtjrdmr quj pmr imlp`jtadhtj`dbjhida Ymh pjrdmnms prdldtdvms nmhnj j` gmlcrj

aparjhta jstar tmnavigravea laacutes ijria nj `a ahdla`dnan quj njsu vjrnanjra pmsdidugraveh jh `a gulahdnanms dhstdhtms casanms tmnms j``ms jh `a jy Hatura`

huhia sj jqudvmiah pjrm imh j` njsarrm``m nj `adhtj`dbjhida njrdvah imlotildehljhtj a` prdhidpdm jh pasdmhjsa travaumls nj` acusm pmr jbmigraveslm imhsjiujhida nj` dhstdhtmnj imhsjrvaidugraveh Vah ijndjhnm su dhffiujhida imhfmrljsj njsarrm``ah `ms sjhtdldjhtms y pmr j``m `a hatura`jzadlprdlj ya jh j` ahdla` j` sjhtdldjhtm nj` almr caemsus fmrlas laacutes guld`njs y rundljhtardas a travaumls nj `alatjrhdnan

Jh hujstrm jstanm aitua` jvm`utdvm tmnavigravea hm

ndspmhjlms nj iapaidnan hd imhmidldjhtms sufiidjhtjs paraimlprjhnjr j` prmijsm nj irjaidugraveh nj `ms jspigraverdtus Ydhjlcarbm j` jstundm y a mcsjrvaidugraveh nj as jyjs Hatura`js

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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19A JVMZIDMH AHIgraveLDIA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

hms pjrldtdraacute aprmxdlarhms a` imhmidldjhtm nj `as jtapasahtjrdmrjs y pmstjrdmrjs a su fmrlaidugraveh Imlprjhnjlmsquj j` [rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj jvm`uidmha a travaumls nj `msprdljrms trjs rjdhms imhstdtuyjhnm jh j` pjrdjspigraverdtu miujrpm jspdrdtua` tmnms `ms prmijsms hjijsardms para `avdna mrbaacutehdia `ms dhstdhtms y fiha`ljhtj `a vdna dhtj`jitua`imhsidjhtj J` pjrdjspigraverdtu lmnj`a j` iujrpm figravesdim y js j`vjgigraveiu`m nj trahsldsdugraveh nj `ms avahijs mctjhdnms a travaumlsnj as suijsdvas rjjhiarhaidmhjs nj` a`la pmr ms ndfjrjhtjsrjdhms jh uh prmijsm nj dhndvdnua`dzaidugraveh prmbrjsdva

pmr j` iua` sj vuj`vj dhndvdsdc`j gasta a`iahzar j` rjdhmgmldha` rjidcdjhnm `a igdspa ndvdha m [rdhidpdm Ndvdhm (vjriapigravetu`m DDD nj Jvm`uidugraveh jh nms luhnms nj Igdim Wavdjr)jlpjzahnm uha hujva jtapa nmhnj sjraacute rjspmhsac`j njsus aiidmhjs imlm imhsjiujhida nj `a anqudsdidugraveh nj` `dcrja`cjnrigravem j` sjhtdnm lmra` `a imhidjhida nj sigrave ldslm y njsu pasanm jh cusia nj `as faiu`tanjs jspdrdtua`js quj `jgacd`dtjh para `a imhqudsta nj` prugravexdlm rjdhm j` ahbauml`dim

ms jspigraverdtus smh irjanms sdlp`js j dbhmrahtjs `mquj sdbhdfiia quj a` prdhidpdm tmnms smlms iarjhtjs njimhmidldjhtms y tjhjlms dnaumlhtdia aptdtun para prmbrjsarljndahtj hujstra aitdvdnan dhndvdnua` Hm rjidcdlms pmr

j``m nmhjs jspjida`js m prdvd`jbdms quj hms ndfjrjhidjhnj iua`qudjr mtrm jspigraverdtu sdjhnm tmnms gdems nj` ldslmIrjanmr Yj jstac`jij asigrave pujs `a casj nj `a dbua`nan y`a fratjrhdnan jhtrj tmnms `ms sjrjs gulahms y nj` almrgaida `as jspjidjs dhfjrdmrjs jh su `uiga pmr a`iahzar pmrp`jhm njrjigm j` rjdhm gmldha` y `a jqudparaidugraveh imlmhujvms gjrjnjrms nj `a Irjaidugraveh ^mnm j``m lujstra `acmhnan y brahndmsdnan nj` [`ah Ndvdhm prjparanm para

tmnas sus irdaturas a travaumls nj `a brah jy nj Zhdnan qujrdbj j` Zhdvjrsm nmhnj hm sj njsprjida j` jsfujrzm nj `alaacutes ligravehdla nj j``as jh su `uiga pmr a`iahzar su njstdhm`a pjrfjiidugraveh nj` Jspigraverdtu euhtm a Ndms Nj jsta fmrla j`Cdjh acsm`utm sj pujnj njfihdr pmr j` iulp`dldjhtm nj `as

`jyjs hatura`js `as iua`js tmnas j``as hms ``jvah gaida Ndmsldjhtras quj j` la` sjrigravea `a j`jiidugraveh nj tmnm aquj``m qujhms rjtrasj

Cdc`dmbrafigravea

NJAHHJ B a jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldia Cujhms Adrjs 5Fuhnaidugraveh Jspigraverdta Gulahdsta A``ah Oarnji 3gt

WAVDJS FI Jvm`uidugraveh jh nms luhnms _Jh `igravehja5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjs

^mnm jvm`uidmha jh `a Irjaidugraveh tahtm`m pjrtjhjidjhtj a` aacutelcdtm nj `a latjrdaprmvjhdjhtj pmr tahtm nj` [rdhidpdmLatjrda` m F`udnm Iugravesldim Zhdvjrsa`imlm `m pjrtjhjidjhtj a` aacutelcdtmjspdrdtua` prmvjhdjhtj nj` [rdhidpdmDhtj`dbjhtj quj ahdla tmnm `m irjanm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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1gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AY JY[JIDJY NJYNJ J [ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A

JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AYJY[JIDJY NJYNJ J

[ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A

Imljrida` Js ldjlcrm fuhnanmr nj` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta ‐A``ah Oarnjildquo njLaacute`aba njsnj gaij 14 antildems Ga partdidpanm imh a`buhas pmhjhidas jhjvjhtms jspdrdtas Safaj` Ardas

A``ah Oarnji jh J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus hms ndij quj

`ms sjrjs mrbaacutehdims tdjhjh jh sigrave uha fujrza igravehtdla qujprmnuij j` fjhugraveljhm nj `a vdna ldjhtras quj jsa fujrzajxdstj quj `a vdna latjrda` js imlotildeh a tmnms `ms sjrjsmrbaacutehdims y quj j``a js dhnjpjhndjhtj nj `a dhtj`dbjhiday nj` pjhsaldjhtm quj `a dhtj`dbjhida y j` pjhsaldjhtmsmh faiu`tanjs prmpdas nj idjrtas jspjidjs mrbaacutehdias y qujjhtrj `as jspjidjs mrbaacutehdias nmtanas nj dhtj`dbjhida y njpjhsaldjhtm gay uha nmtana nj uh sjhtdnm lmra` jspjida`quj `j na dhimhtjstac`j supjrdmrdnan smcrj `as mtras js `ajspjidj gulaha a prjbuhta gt nj J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus hms ndij5 laquotmnm sj jhianjha jh `a hatura`jza njsnj j`aacutetmlm a` ariaacutehbj` quj a su vjz talcdaumlh imljhzugrave jh j`aacutetmlmiquest

jugraveh Njhds nj mtra fmrla laacutes pmaumltdia hms ndijjh su mcra J` prmc`jla nj` sjr nj` njstdhm y nj` nm`mr5 laquoj`jspigraverdtu nujrlj jh j` ldhjra` sujntildea jh j` vjbjta` sj abdtajh j` ahdla` y njspdjrta jh j` gmlcrjiquest [arjij dhndiarimh jstas afirlaidmhjs quj a`bm nj hmsmtrms pasugrave pmr `msndfjrjhtjs rjdhms nj `a hatura`jza ms sjrjs mrbaacutehdims smh`ms quj tdjhjh jh sigrave uha fujhtj nj aitdvdnan igravehtdla quj `jsna `a vdna Haijh irjijh sj rjprmnuijh y lujrjh Ymh

pmrtanmrjs nj ugraverbahms jspjida`js para `a jejiuidugraveh nj`ms ndfjrjhtjs aitms nj `a vdna ugraverbahms aprmpdanms a `ashjijsdnanjs quj `a imhsjrvaidugraveh prmpda `js dlpmhj Jhjsa i`asj jstaacuteh imlprjhndnms `ms gmlcrjs `ms ahdla`js y`as p`ahtas

Jh a prjbuhta 21 nj J` dcrm nj ms Jspigraverdtus jhimhtralms`a sdbudjhtj dhfmrlaidugraveh5 laquofrac12a dhtj`dbjhida js uh atrdcutmnj` prdhidpdm vdta`=5 Hm pujstm quj `as p`ahtas vdvjh y hmpdjhsah tah sugrave`m tdjhjh vdna mrbaacutehdia a dhtj`dbjhida y `a

latjrda smh dhnjpjhndjhtjs pujs uh iujrpm pujnj vdvdr sdhdhtj`dbjhida pjrm aumlsta sugrave`m pujnj lahdfjstarsj pmr ljndmnj `ms ugraverbahms latjrda`js y js hjijsarda `a uhdugraveh imh j`

jspigraverdtu para nar dhtj`dbjhida a `a latjr da ahdla`dzanaiquest

ms jspigraverdtus jh su mrdbjh sjrigraveah imlm `ms hdntildemsdbhmrahtjs y sdh jxpjrdjhida anqudrdaumlhnm`a jh `as ndstdhtasjtapas nj `a vdna Ndms hm irjugrave `ms jspigraverdtus cujhms m la`mssdhm sjhid``ms j dbhmrahtjs J` jspigraverdtu hm sj aiujrna nj `asjxdstjhidas prjijnjhtjs a su pjrigravemnm imlm gmlcrj asigraveimlm j` gmlcrj hm sj aiujrna nj` pjrigravemnm quj pasugrave jhj` sjhm nj `a lanrj

Sjdhm ldhjra`

Jstaacute imhstdtudnm nj latjrda dhjrtj hm tdjhj vdta`dnan yjstaacute fmrlanm pmr a abrjbaidugraveh nj latjrda Yu iaraitjrigravestdiacaacutesdia js `a atraiidugraveh pujs jh j` rjdhm ldhjra` j` dhstdhtmy `a latjrda smh hu`ms J` Jspigraverdtu nujrlj jh su prdljrafasj j` prdhidpdm jspdrdtua` jstarigravea dhffiujhidanm pmr `asmrbahdzaidmhjs atugraveldim-lm`jiu`arjs dhvdtahnm a `a uhdugravehIrjarigravea imh sus vdcraidmhjs uh ialpm nj abrjbaidugravehrjffijeanm jh `as fujrzas nj atraiidugraveh y imgjsdugraveh Asigrave `amrbahdzaidugraveh ldhjra` sjrigravea `a imhsjiujhida nj uh pmnjrjh `a dhtdldnan nj sus uhdnanjs atugraveldias para imhnuidrmrnjhanaljhtj j` prmijsm nj abrjbaidugraveh Jh `a dhtdldnannj` ldhjra` j` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj acsmrcjrigravea jxpjrdjhidasy fujra lmstrarigravea pmsdidmhjs rjhmvaacutehnmsj a fih njjejrijr hujvms pmtjhida`js nj mrdjhtaidugraveh imh fujrzasrjimhstrudnas y sdjlprj laacutes imlp`jeas pmr `as vdvjhidasahtjrdmrjs nj dnaumlhtdims fjhugraveljhms Jh jsj dr y vjhdr

nj `a latjrda sj pujnj njidr quj ya jxdstj j` prdhidpdmrjjhiarhatmrdm jh aiidugraveh

Dhtjrljndaidugraveh nj` rjdhm ldhjra` imh j` vjbjta`

Yjbotildeh Jllahuj` j` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj sj jhimhtracajh `ms irdsta`js imlp`jtahnm su fasj nj dhndvdnua`dzaidugravehjh j` `arbuigravesdlm prmijsm nj autmfieaidugraveh jhsayahnm pmim apmim `ms prdljrms lmvdldjhtms dhtjrhms nj mrbahdzaidugravehy irjidldjhtm vm`ulaumltrdim ms vdrus tdjhjh uha jstruiturafmrlana pmr uh aacuteidnm hui`jdim (m ANH m ASH) y prmtjigravehaspmr `m quj hjijsdtah aprmpdarsj nj `ms ljiahdslms nj uhaiauml`u`a aejha para rjprmnuidrsj y vdvdr ms vdrus tdjhjh uhaiaraitjrigravestdia ldhjra` Nj jstj lmnm `a otildehdia jspjidj quj

pujnj irdsta`dzar smh `ms vdrus ya quj sj imlpmhjh nj uhaiaacutepsdnj quj pujnj ``jbar irdsta`dzar sdh lmrdrsj utd`dzahnm`as rjb`as nj `ms ldhjra`js y irjahnm fmrlas bjmlaumltrdias

laquo^mnm sj jhianjha jh `a hatura`jza njsnj j` aacutetmlm a` ariaacutehbj` quj a su vjz talcdaumlh

imljhzugrave jh j` aacutetmlmiquest (A Oarnji)

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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1JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AY JY[JIDJY NJYNJ J [ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

Bacrdj` Nj`ahhj jh `a mcra a jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldia hmsdhfmrla aijria nj quj j` irdsta` js iasd uh sjr vdvdjhtjHatura`ljhtj hm sj hms miurrj pjhsar jh uha dhtj`dbjhidaprmpda nj a latjrda auhquj j` idjhtigravefiim Ejah Jld`j Igarmhndem quj j` imlpmr taldjhtm nj `as par tigraveiu`as dhtjratugraveldiasrjvj`a vdna dhidpdjhtj Nj `m quj pundlms aprjhnjr imh

`ms idtanms autmrjs sj pmnrigravea njnuidr quj j` prdhidpdmdhtj`dbjhtj sj jejridta jh j` rjdhm ldhjra` jxpjrdljhtahnmjxaitaljhtj iaraitjrigravestdias imlm `a imlcdhaidugraveh quigraveldianj `ms j`jljhtms caacutesdims `a jstruitura irdsta`dha jh qujjsa imlcdhaidugraveh js anqudrdna y `as trahsfmrlaidmhjs quj `ahatura`jza y j` gmlcrj jejrijh smcrj jsj rjsu`tanm Jstarigraveanj jsa fmrla prjparaacutehnmsj para imhtdhuar su emrhana jhj` rjdhm vjbjta` tjrrjstrj

Irjjr quj `ms ldhjra`js hm jvm`uidmhah pmr `m qujpmnjlms vjr jh `ms jxdstjhtjs jh hujstrm p`ahjta jsdbhmrar `a imhstdtuidugraveh nj `ms luhnms jh `as ndfjrjhtjsjtapas jvm`utdvas J` gjigm nj quj `ms ldhjra`js hm

pmsjah vdna hm sdbhdfiia quj hm jvm`uidmhjh pujs sd jsmhm miurrdjsj hm jxdstdrigraveah ldhjra`js laacutes sutd`js jh `msluhnms laacutes jvm`uidmhanms

Sjdhm vjbjta`

ms j`jljhtms nj` rjdhm vjbjta` jstaacuteh nmtanms njvdta`dnan tdjhjh dhstdhtm nj imhsjrvaidugraveh caacutesdim vdnamrbaacutehdia hm pdjhsah hm tdjhjh vm`uhtan hd imhidjhidanj sigrave ldslms Yu iaraitjrigravestdia caacutesdia js `a sjhsaidugraveh Jhj` rjdhm vjbjta` j` dhstdhtm sj dhdida j` jspigraverdtu sujntildea y `adhtj`dbjhida js hu`a as p`ahtas smh `ms otildehdims sjrjs vdvmshm ldirmsiugravepdims quj tdjhjh `a iapaidnan nj bjhjrar suprmpdm a`dljhtm ^mnms `ms sjrjs vdvms hjijsdtah ``jvar a

iacm idjrtms prmijsms quj `js pjrldtjh mctjhjr mxigravebjhmy hutrdjhtjs j`dldhar sustahidas m rj`aidmharsj imh sualcdjhtj as p`ahtas dbua` quj ms ahdla`js tdjhjh ugraverbahmsquj iulp`jh jsas fuhidmhjs J` prdhidpdm jspdrdtua` pasajhtmhijs a vdvjhidar `as jxpjrdjhidas jh `ms vjbjta`js laacutesimlp`jems ljemr jstruituranms Agigrave tjhnraacute quj anqudrdr`a iapaidnan nj rjaiidmhar ahtj iua`qudjr ialcdm jxtjrdmry pmstjrdmrljhtj `a faiu`tan nj sjhtdr iaptar y rjbdstrar`as a`tjraidmhjs nj` ljndm quj `j rmnja imhqudstas nj`prdhidpdm jspdrdtua` jh su rjimrrdnm pmr j` rjdhm vjbjta`Njspuaumls nj dnjhtdfiiarsj imh `ms vdrus imhtdhuaraacute jh `ascaitjrdas rundljhtardas `as a`bas uhdij`u`arjs y `as a`basp`urdij`u`arjs

Jh a Baumlhjsds Oarnji jxp`diahnm `a jsia`a nj `mssjrjs mrbaacutehdims ndij5 laquoJhtrj j` rjdhm vjbjta` y j` rjdhm

ahdla` hdhbuha nj`dldtaidugraveh gay higravetdnaljhtj larianaJh `ms imhfihjs nj `ms nms rjdhms jstaacuteh `ms zmugravefitms mahdla`js-p`ahtas iuym hmlcrj dhndia quj j``ms partdidpahnj uhm y mtrm5 `js sdrvj nj trazm nj uhdugravehiquest (iap W) J`zmugravefitm tdjhj `a apardjhida jxtjrdmr nj `a p`ahta Imlmp`ahta sj lahtdjhj prjsa a` suj`m imlm ahdla` `a vdna jh

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16 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AY JY[JIDJY NJYNJ J [ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A

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12AZ^MLA^DYLM T [JSDJY[IgraveSD^Z bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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17 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull AZ^MLA^DYLM T [JSDJY[IgraveSD^Z

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14AZ^MLA^DYLM T [JSDJY[IgraveSD^Z bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

Js njidr quj j` sjr gulahm pmr su pjrdjspigraverdtu jspmsjjnmr pmr asigrave njidr`m nj uha ‐ljlmrda cdm`ugravebdialdquo(ahatugraveldia y fisdm`ugravebdia) quj sj ga dnm imhstruyjhnmpaidjhtjljhtj jh tmna `a asijhsdugraveh nj` prdhidpdm jspd-rdtua` pmr `a jsia`a zmm`ugravebdia nj `a vdna mrbaacutehdia jh `aquj jh jsa jstruitura jxtrafigravesdia dhnjfihdna rundljhtarday almrfa jh `ms sjrjs dhdida`js y quj jh j` sjr gulahmsj imhsm`dna imlm j` pjrdjspigraverdtu sj gah fieanm tmnms`ms rjiursms cjhjfiidms ljiahdslms y `jyjs nj jsa vdnamrbaacutehdia nj supjrvdvjhida y nj anaptaidugraveh y quj gmy sj

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`m gj hmlcranm imlm jspigraverdtu (imh ldhotildesiu`a) m prdh-

idpdm dhtj`dbjhtj

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY=

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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36 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM

J` 3gt nj euhdm nj 14gt9 fuj para `a idunan nj Baumlhmva(Dta`da) uh nigravea jldhjhtjljhtj trdstj Zhm nj sus laacutesiauml`jcrjs dhvjstdbanmrjs psigravequdims partigravea gaida j` mtrm `anmnj a vdna a ms 71 antildems nj jnan njspuaumls nj gacjr njeanmjsirdtm para `a gdstmrda laacutes nj sjsjhta mcras y idjhtms njartigraveiu`ms casanms jh sus dhvjstdbaidmhjs

Jrhjstm Cmzzahm gacigravea haidnm jh `a ldsla idunanquj `j vdm lmrdr j` 4 nj jhjrm nj 1763 Yu fald`dajimhugraveldialjhtj aimlmnana `m rjidcdugrave euhtm imh mtrmsiuatrm gjrlahms laacutes mcsjrvahnm iugravelm sj njstaiacajh auml` uh almr apasdmhahtj pmr j` aprjhndzaej ^a` jra asigravequj a `ms iuatrm antildems suejtahnm imh sus pjqujntildeas lahmsuh vm`uldhmsm y ldstjrdmsm tmlm smcrj `a `dtjraturabjhmvjsa dhsdstigravea a su lanrj para quj j jhsjntildeara a `jjr`m

[asa j` tdjlpm y Cmzzahm js a`jhtanm a jstundar jhuha jsiuj`a taumlihdia pjrm a `ms iatmrij antildems tras luigas`aacutebrdlas js mc`dbanm pmr su panrj a acahnmhar`a Jstmfmrta`jidugrave su pjrsmha`dnan ya quj a partdr nj jhtmhijs suljta fuj anqudrdr imlm `jy uha brah iu`tura njspjrtahnmluigigravesdlm dhtjraumls pmr `ms brahnjs i`aacutesdims dta`dahms a`dtjratura fuj su prdljra vmiaidugraveh y tras imhvjrtdrsj jhuh autmndnaita js iapaz nj `jjr jh dhb`aumls `as mcras nj `ms

pmjtas ^gmlas Lmmrj [jriy Cyssgj Ygj``jy Emgh Ld`tmh yRd``dal Ygaojspjarj

Imh qudhij antildems sj jhiujhtra dhtjrjsanm pmr `asndfjrjhtjs aacuterjas nj` imhmidldjhtm5 `a pa`jmhtm`mbigravea `aastrmhmligravea as idjhidas hatura`js a psdim`mbigravea y a fi`msmfigraveaidjhtigravefiia Anjlaacutes njsnj su euvjhtun ya sjhtigravea uhadhusdtana atraiidugraveh pmr `ms prmc`jlas nj `a pjrsmha`dnangulaha prdhidpa`ljhtj ms quj imhnuiigraveah a as iausas nj`ms sufrdldjhtms `a fiha`dnan y `a razugraveh nj `a vdna gulaha

Vdjhj `a naumliana fi`msugravefiia jhtrj 1773 y 1743 nmhnjdhtjhta pjhjtrar jh j` pjhsaldjhtm nj ms brahnjs fi`ugravesmfmsnjsnj [`atugraveh Njsiartjs Bjmrb Rd`gj`l Frdjnrdig mtzjSmsldhd y Vdhijhzm Bdmcjrtd quj tras `arbms y `acmrdmsmsantildems nj dhvjstdbaidugraveh jh jstj ialpm nj `a fi`msmfigravea hm``jha sus jspjranms ahgj`ms

Ydh jlcarbm j` jstundm nj` sdstjla nj` brah fi`ugravesmfmdhb`js Gjrcjrt Ypjhijr `j njspdjrta y nurahtj nms antildemssj njndia a ahmtar y i`asdfiiar sus imhijptms pmr j` brahimhtjhdnm fi`msugravefiim quj njsiucrj jh auml` sdjhnm su igravenm`m ynjeahnm uha dhffiujhida luy lariana jh Cmzzahm

A partdr nj aquigrave sj imhvdrtdugrave sjbotildeh sus pa`acras jhuh pmsdtdvdsta-latjrda`dsta imhvjhidnm gasta ta` puhtm quj`j parjiigravea dhirjigravec`j quj gucdjra luigas bjhtjs nj alp`daiu`tura dhtj`jitua` quj pundjrah irjjr jh `a jxdstjhida m`a supjrvdvjhida nj` jspigraverdtu laquoLd pjhsaldjhtm jra ta` qujjsirdcigrave ar tigraveiu`ms jh apmym a lds imhvdiidmhjs J` rjiujrnmnj jsj iursm lj gaij dhnu`bjhtj y tm`jrahtj nj uhanjtjrldhana i`asj nj ahtabmhdstas quj nj cujha fj ndijhsjr iapaijs nj rjfutar `as imhi`usdmhjs jxpjrdljhta`jsrdburmsas quj gah ``jbanm a` hjm-jspdrdtua`dslm y quj sjmpmhjh a `as dhnuiidmhjs y njnuiidmhjs nj [sdim`mbigravea jhquj ym irjigravea gaij gt antildemsiquest

laquoJs hjijsardm imlprjhnjr quj jh `a aumlpmia a `a qujlj rjfijrm ym hm sacigravea hana nj `a dhvjstdbaidugraveh nj `aljndulhdnan m jspdrdtdslm imh `a jxijpidugraveh nj crjvjsartigraveiu`ms quj gacigravea jigravenm jh ms pjrdugravendims sdh prjstar laacutesatjhidugraveh nj ms laumlnduls quj sjntildea`auml pdanmsaljhtj smcrj

`a irjnu`dnan nj `ms jspdrdtdstasiquestlaquoYuijndugrave sdh jlcarbm -imhtdhotildea imhtahnm Cmzzahm-

quj jh 1741 j` prmfjsmr frahiaumls gaumlmnu`j-Arlahn Sdcmtndrjitmr nj `a Sjvuj [gd`msmpgdquj lj jsirdcdugrave paraimluhdiarlj `a puc`diaidugraveh nj uha prugravexdla rjvdsta caemj` tigravetu`m Ahha`js njs Yidjhijs [syigdqujs iuym ndrjitmr jraj` Nr Nardjux prjnjijsmr nj` lajstrm Igar`js SdigjtJra uha rjvdsta quj sj prmpusm prdhidpa`ljhtj rjimbjry jxaldhar a`buhms iasms iurdmsms nj `a trahsldsdugravehnj` pjhsaldjhtm a ndstahida dhi`udnm caem j` hmlcrj nj‐fjhugraveljhms tj`jpaacutetdimsldquoiquest

laquoa psdim`mbigravea ldstjrdmsa jsimhndna jh jsta frasj lj``alugrave `a iurdmsdnan a` dbua` quj j` hmlcrj nj` prmfjsmrSdigjt fuj sufiidjhtj para barahtdzar `a sjrdjnan nj `ajlprjsa Sjspmhnigrave a` prmfjsmr Sdcmt abranjidaumlhnm`j `a

CDMBSAFIgraveA5JSHJY^M CMUUAHM

Ndvu`banmr jspigraverdta artdiu`dsta y imhfjrjhidahtj [artdidpa jhprmbralas nj randm y tj`jvdsdugraveh nj tjlaacutetdia jspdrdtua` Js prjsdnjhtjnj `a Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj Lanrdn Euah Ldbuj` Fjrhaacutehnjz

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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32CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

atjhidugraveh y lj dhi`uyugrave jhtrj `ms susirdptmrjs nj `a rjvdstaNji`arm sdhijraljhtj quj `a `jitura nj sus prdljrmshotildeljrms prmnuem uha dlprjsdugraveh njsastrmsa jh ld irdtjrdmpmsdtdvdsta drrjimhid`dac`jiquest

laquo[arjiigravea dhndbhahtj quj a`buhms rjprjsjhtahtjs nj`a idjhida mfiida` qujrigraveah ndsiutdr sjrdaljhtj `a trahsldsdugravehnj` pjhsaldjhtm nj uh imhtdhjhtj a mtrm `as apardidmhjsnj fahtaslas tj`jpaacutetdims imlm jhtdnanjs rja`js y iasmsaitua`js dhqudjtahtjs J` pmnjr dhgdcdnmr nj prjimhijptmsimhvjrtdnm jh ld faiu`tan nj ta`js razmhaldjhtms jra

tmta`ljhtj dhaiijsdcj a `as hujvas dnjas m laacutes cdjh a `mshujvms aitms pmrquj `ms gjigms rja`ljhtj njiigraveah qujjrah idjhtigravefiims y rdburmsaljhtj nmiuljhtanms auhqujym hm jra iapaz nj asdld`ar`msiquest

laquoIuahnm tmnavigravea lahtjhigravea ld jstanm ljhta` aparjidugravejh `a Sjvuj [gd`msmpgdquj uh `arbm artigraveiu`m nj` prmfjsmrSmsjhcaig nj Yah [jtjrscurbm (Susda) vdm`jhtaljhtjataiahnm `a ‐dhtrusdugraveh sairigrave`jba nj jstj hujvm ldstdidslmldquojh `as dhljndaidmhjs nj `a psdim`mbigravea mfiida` y jxp`diahnm

`ms hujvms iasms nj `ms supujstms nj `a ‐a`uidhaidugravehldquo `as‐imdhidnjhidas fmrtudtasldquo y a`buhms laacutes quj hm pujnmrjimrnar ^a`js rjfutaidmhjs parjijh tah tmrpjs y imh ta`ndsiapaidnan quj prmnuij j` jfjitm imhtrardm nj `m quj j`autmr prjtjhnigravea ndsbustahnm ld ljhtj Lj imhvjhiigrave nj qujj` prmc`jla jra rja`ljhtj `ms gjigms asigrave quj iata`mbuaumlsj`jiidmhauml y i`asdfiquauml para rja`dzar j` ahaacute`dsds imlparatdvmiquest

laquoa jxij`jhida nj` laumltmnm nj dhvjstdbaidugraveh sdld`arfuj prmcanm nj ta` lahjra quj aotildeh `m usm gasta `a fjigaBuarnm uh dlpjrjijnjrm rjiujrnm nj jstj pjrdmnm njdhvjstdbaidugraveh fjrvdjhtj y pjrsjvjrahtj pmrquj a travaumlsnj j``ms lj gdij iapaz nj rjsm`vjr lds hujvas irjjhidas

jspdrdtdstas smcrj uha casj idjhtigravefiia firlj as mcras njSmcjrt Na`j Mwjh Jpjs Yarbjht nj `a Yra Lmrbah ynj` Nr Rm`fj lj dhffiujhidarmh a anmptar ld hujvm puhtmnj vdsta smcrj `a fjhmljhm`mbigravea psigravequdia y jfjitms figravesdimsas sjsdmhjs jxpjrdljhta`js imh Rd``dal Ytadhtmh Lmsjsfujrmh `as quj prmnuejrmh j` laymr jfjitm pjrsuasdvmsmcrj lds irjjhidas a iausa nj `a dhtjrvjhidugraveh nj uhjspigraverdtu jh `a fjhmljhm`mbigravea jhtrj `ms antildems 1743 y 1749iquest

laquoAsigrave punj jxpjrdljhtar y aprjhnjr imh j` rjputanmidjhtigravefiim a partdr nj `ms arbuljhtms Jhtjhndaumlhnmsj sdhjlcarbm quj gacigravea ``jbanm j` tdjlpm jh j` quj sj njcjimhfirlar lds imhmidldjhtms tjugraverdims y as dhvjstdbaidmhjs

jxpjrdljhta`jsiquest tjrldha CmzzahmSjimrnjlms quj su prdljra aprmxdlaidugraveh a`

jstundm nj` Jspdrdtdslm fuj `a hjbaidugraveh nj` fjhugraveljhm

Jra uh pjhsanmr pmsdtdvdsta Yus prdljras dhiursdmhjsjh `ms jstundms nj `ms fjhugraveljhms jspigraverdtas a travaumls nj`a mcra nj A`jxahnjr Aosaomv jh Ahdldslm y Jspdrdtdslm y ms fahtaslas nj `a sa`a nj jstar nj Burhjs Lyjrs `jimhvdrtdjrmh njfihdtdvaljhtj jh uh dhvjstdbanmr psigravequdim

A partdr nj 14 Cmzzahm imljhzugrave a partdidpar jh`ms jxpjrdljhtms smcrj laumlnduls y a jsirdcdr artigraveiu`mssmcrj sus imhi`usdmhjs Huhia sj njsiudnugrave y fuj luyirigravetdim jh sus dhvjstdbaidmhjs imhvdrtdaumlhnmsj jh uhmnj `ms idjhtigravefiims laacutes prmnuitdvms nj `ms fjhugraveljhmspsigravequdims Jhtrj sus lotilde`tdp`js mcras quj fujrmh tranuidnasa huljrmsms dndmlas sj jhiujhtrah `ms dhfmrljs nj `asrjuhdmhjs lahtjhdnas imh Jusapda [a`andhm uha nj `aslaumlnduls nj jfjitms figravesdims laacutes dlpmrtahtjs nj jsa aumlpmiaYu rjputaidugraveh `j pjrldtdugrave lahtjhjr imrrjspmhnjhidaimh `ms prdhidpa`js rjprjsjhtahtjs nj `a ljtapsigravequdiadhi`uyjhnm idjhtigravefiims ta`js imlm `ms figravesdims dhb`jsjsRd``dal Irmmojs y M`dvjr mnbj y j` fisdugrave`mbm frahiaumlsIgar`js Sdigjt

a njsjhiarhaidugraveh nj su lanrj jh eu`dm nj 1413sdrvdugrave nj pujhtj para `a njlmstraidugraveh nj `a supjrvdvjhidanj` a`la Cmzzahm rja`dzaca jh jsa aumlpmia sjsdmhjssjlaha`js imh uh rjnuidnm brupm nj aldbms y imh `apartdidpaidugraveh nj uha falmsa laumlndul Sja`dzahnm uhasjsdugraveh jh `a quj sj imhljlmraca j` prdljr ahdvjrsardmnj `a lujrtj nj su prmbjhdtmra `a laumlndul jsirdcdugrave uhaspa`acras jh uh trmzm nj papj` quj njspuaumls nj `jigravenas pmrCmzzahm `m njearmh asmlcranm A``igrave jstacah jsirdtms `msnms otilde`tdlms vjrsms nj` jpdtafim quj aquj` ldslm nigravea auml`gacigravea njeanm jh j` totildelu`m nj su lanrj

Fuj [rjsdnjhtj Gmhmrardm nj` micro Imhbrjsm Jspigraverdta

Dhtjrhaidmha` ij`jcranm jh Carij`mha jh 149gt [mr suaituaidugraveh rjidcdugrave nj `ms jspigraverdtas crdtaacutehdims uha ljna``anj mrm quj imhtjhigravea `a sdbudjhtj frasj laquoA` Brah Lajstrmnj` A`la Jrhjstm Cmzzahm quj acrdugrave hujvms gmrdzmhtjsa `a gulahdnan sufrdjhtj nj sus aldbms y anldranmrjsiquestJrhjstm Cmzzahm apmrtugrave uha dhjstdlac`j imhtrdcuidugraveh a aidjhida jspigraverdta Casta njidr quj sus tracaems smh sdjlprjuha fujhtj uhdvjrsa`

a otilde`tdla jtapa nj su vdna fuj luy trdstj njcdnm aprmc`jlas jimhugraveldims y nj sa`un

Fdha`dzalms imh jsta frasj nj su mcra LjtapsigravequdiaGulaha5 laquoAfirlar sdh tjlmr a jqudvmiarhms quj fujranj `a gdpugravetjsds jspigraverdta hm gay handj iapaz nj jxp`diar`ms iasms ahaacute`mbms a `ms quj aiacm nj jxpmhjriquest

Jrhjstm Cmzzahm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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37 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA

DHY^DH^M JDH^JDBJHIDA

Mnmhtugrave`mba prjsdnjhta nj a Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta ‐Yjhnjrm nj [azldquojh Carrahqud``a (Im`mlcda) Imhfjrjhidahtj jspigraverdta y jxprjsdnjhtjnj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj `a Imsta At`aacutehtdia

Iarljh Iarnmha

Yjbotildeh `ms jstundms nj `a Cdm`mbigravea y `a [a`jmhtm`mbigravea`a vdna mrbaacutehdia jh `a ^djrra aparjij jh `a otilde`tdla jtapanj `a Jra Arqujmzmdia jh j` [jrigravemnm [rjiaacutelcrdim avdna sugrave`m pmnigravea affimrar y jstar njcdnaljhtj mrnjhana jhsu ialdhm jvm`utdvm a iausa nj uh ialpm nj imlahnmquj pundjsj dhffiujhidar j dhijhtdvar `as fmrlas jstm js j`prdhidpdm-uhdfiianmr m jspdrdtua` quj sj lahdfijsta jh `msfjhugraveljhms nj `a vdna imlm ‐hjijsdnanjsldquo imh j` fih nja`iahzar uha njtjrldhana pmsdidugraveh nj mrnjh arlmhigravea yjqud`dcrdm

J` ldhjra` pmsjj tahtm `a vdna imlm j` vjbjta` y j`ahdla` J` prdhidpdm uhdfiianmr `a jsjhida quj prjsdnj `asfmrlas y j` ljtacm`dslm nj `a ffimra y nj `a fauha jxdstj

talcdaumlh jh j` rjdhm ldhjra` prjsdn djhnm `as fujrzas njatraiidugraveh y rjpu`sdugraveh jh quj `ms aacutetmlms y `as lm`aumliu`as sjuhdfiiah y jqud`dcrah A ljndna quj ms j`jljhtms ndspjrsmssj fujrmh rjuhdjhnm as prdljras imlcdhaidmhjs fmrlarmhiujrpms jxi`usdvaljhtj dhmrbaacutehdims `as pdjnras `as abuasy tmna `a ndvjrsdnan nj ldhjra`js Iuahnm jsms ldslmsj`jljhtms sj lmndfiiarmh pmr aiidugraveh nj` ffiudnm vdta`bdquoqujhm js j` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtjbdquofmrlarmh iujrpms nmtanmsnj vdta`dnan imh uha mrbahdzaidugraveh imhstahtj y rjbu`ar ianauhm jh su jspjidj

J` vjbjta` njspuhta imlm imhsjiujhida nj `aimmrndhaidugraveh nj` jej-vdta` m ndhaldslm jspdrdtua` qujva lmnj`ahnm `as fmrlas figravesdias nj ldirmsiugravepdiasa lairmsiugravepdias jh j` fmhnm nj `as abuas imh `as

tjlpjraturas anjiuanas y sdh `as imhvu`sdmhjs tj`otilderdias nj`a supjrfiidj nj aquj``a aumlpmia

J` jej vdta` m psdqudslm prdlardm va anqudrdjhnmjxpjrdjhidas jh `as dnas y vjhdnas nj` ialpm jhjrbaumltdim

a` ialpm latjrda` y vdijvjrsa njtjrldhahnm uha apjrturaiigravei`dia quj pmsdcd`dtarigravea `a anqudsdidugraveh nj iua`dnanjs nj`ms pjqujntildems idi`ms nj vdna quj sj vah fmrlahnm a vdnasj va jxpahndjhnm y lmstrahnm dhfihdtas fmrlas a partdrnj iujrpms sdlp`js imlm imhsjiujhida nj `a aiidugraveh nj`prdhidpdm-jspdrdtua`

a jhjrbigravea jspdrdtua` jh jsas jras nj ld``arjs njld``mhjs nj antildems anqudjrj jxpjrdjhidas y iua`dnanjsalp`igravea aptdtunjs jh `as vdvjhidas nj tmnm j` rjdhm vjbjta` yahdla` bahahnm jh j ` prdljrm sjhsdcd`dnan jh j` sjbuhnmdhstdhtm

J` ahdla` tdjhj uha tjhnjhida para rjaiidmhar imhtraj` ljndm jxtjrdmr y `a sjhsaidugraveh `j njtjrldha jlmidmhjsnj p`aijr m nj nm`mr Cusiahnm uhas y guyjhnm nj mtrasrja`dza aitms dhstdhtdvms quj sj tranuijh pmr aiidmhjsrjffijeas quj sj anaptah anldrac`jljhtj a su jxdstjhida Asigravejh `a `djcrj quj sj ndspara a` ljhmr rudnm j` lmvdldjhtmnj fuba js dhvm`uhtardm jh partj rjffijem jh partj dhstdhtdvmpjrm smcrj tmnm uh lmvdldjhtm anaptanm a `a vdna nj`ahdla` tjhdjhnm pmr fiha`dnan su imhsjrvaidugraveh Guyj parasa`varsj

Nj agigrave sj sdbuj quj aiidmhjs y rjaiidmhjs smhsdjlprj `as ldslas para uha jspjidj y pmr imhsjiujhidaprmvmiah `as ldslas mpjraidmhjs dhtj`jitua`js mcsiurasJsas mpjraidmhjs dhijsahtjljhtj rjpjtdnas sj dhirustahjh j` pjrdjspigraverdtu quj pjtrdfiia pmr asigrave njidr`m j` aparatmijrjcrm-jspdha` ``jbahnm a sjr partj nj` ahdla` Js jh jsaiatjbmrigravea quj sj im`miah `ms dhstdhtms iuym mcejtdvm js5hutrdidugraveh imhsjrvaidugraveh rjprmnuiidugraveh

a dhtj`dbjhida uh tahtm njsprjhndna nj` ljndmpjrdjspdrdtua` brmsjrm dhtjrvdjhj para quj j` Jspigraverdtuaprmvjigj `ms dhstdhtms hatura`js lmndfiiaacutehnm`ms mpjrfjiidmhaacutehnm`ms

J` dhstdhtm js `a fujrza miu`ta quj ``jva a `ms sjrjsmrbaacutehdims a rja`dzar aitms jspmhtaacutehjms j dhvm`uhtardmspara smcrjvdvdr J` dhstdhtm js uha dhtj`dbjhida rundljhtarda

J` dhstdhtm js uha dhtj`dbjhida rundljhtarda hm raidmha` y ljndahtj auml`tmnms ms sjrjs prmvjjh sus hjijsdnanjs

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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34DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

hm raidmha` y ljndahtj auml` tmnms `ms sjrjs prmvjjh sushjijsdnanjs a dhtj`dbjhida js uha faiu`tan jspjida`prmpda nj idjrtas i`asjs nj sjrjs mrbaacutehdims quj `js naimh j` pjhsaldjhtm vm`uhtan nj aituar imhidjhida nj sujxdstjhida y imhstdtuyj su dhndvdnua`dnan lmra`

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Sotildea [jhds 31 - 1micro Niga 9631 bull Vdbm ([MH^JVJNSA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijpazarlmhdalmryiardnanKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 +9gt 61 7gt 136

Yjvd``abull Asmidaidugraveh Ijhtrm nj Jstundms

Jspigraverdtas nj Yjvd``aNdrjiidugraveh5 [rmspjrdnan 9 rdaha gt11 bull Yjvd``a

Rjc5 wwwjspdrdtassjvd``ajsImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 bjhmvjvala``mKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 4gt 379 7 rsquo +9gt 6 gt71 794

bull Brupm Jspigraverdta Hujvm Alahjijr Emahha nj Ahbj`ds

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ndjbm [ujrta 1 Jsi 9gt 2 A gt14 bull Yjvd``aRjc5 wwwhujvmalahjijrjspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtashujvmalahjijrKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 + 9gt 62 44 462 - + 9gt 62 44 46

^arrabmhabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Emahha nj Ahbj`dsNdrjiidugraveh5 [ucd`` Mrdm` 33

gt931 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 422 9gt6 16gt rsquo +9gt 63 gt61 67gt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Lahuj` y Ndva`nmNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Vdjhtm gt93 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)Rjc5 wwwijlyniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ar`dhbbKyagmmjs ^j`f5 +9gt 676 gt4 2gt6

Va`jhida

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Va`jhida Gmbar FratjrhmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Vd``ahujva nj Iastj``ugraveh 33 gt64 bull Va`jhidaRjc5 wwwasjsvamrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 gmbarfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 469 3 46 7

IJH^SMY JY[IgraveSD^AY MHDHJbull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aNdrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat (uhjs Ldaumlrim`js y Eujvjs 33g9)

Rjc5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`jfmhm5 +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas ‐YdhFrmhtjrasldquo

Ndrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat(Nmldhbms 31g)

Rjc5 gttp5ijjsdhfrmhtjrasjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijjsdhfrmhtjrasKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta

Abjhna Irdstdaha - JNDIJD gt ₠

A`cmrana Irdstdaha (Ljndahm) gt ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrDD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

Aacuternua Asijhsdugraveh 13 ₠

Atjhidugraveh (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ialdhm Vjrnan y Vdna - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Iartd``a nj` Cdjh - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Iuahnm Sjbrjsj `a [rdlavjra (Hmrla`) 2 ₠

Iujhtms Jspdrdtdstas 4 ₠

Njsnj a Mtra Vdna gt ₠

Njspdjrtj y Yja Fj`dz - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` A`la js Dhlmrta` 7 ₠

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta 4 ₠

J` Idj`m y j` Dhfijrhm - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Jspigraverdtu nj `a Vjrnan - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` Jvahbj`dm Yjbotildeh j` Jspdrdtdslm -JNDIJD

1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Yjr Yucimhsidjhtj 6 ₠

Jh `m Dhvdsdc`j 7 ₠

Jh `ms Nmldhdms nj `a Ljndulhdnan -JNDIJD

4 ₠

Jhtrj `a djrra y j` Idj`m - JNDIJD 4 ₠Jspdrdtdslm Lmnjrhm OA DJ ODHB - FJJ ₠

Jspdrdtdslm y Jim`mbigravea - JNDIJD 7 ₠

B`msardm Jspigraverdta (Cm`sd``m) 6 ₠

Buigravea [raacuteitdia nj` Jspdrdtdsta - FJJ ₠

Gdphmtdslm y Jspdrdtdslm 7 ₠

Ejsotildes jh j` Gmbar - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Eustdida Ndvdha - JNDIJD 7 ₠

a Baumlhjsds - JNDIJD 1 ₠

a Vdna jh Fald`da gt ₠

dcjraidugraveh - JNDIJD 4 ₠

as Vdnas Yuijsdvas 4 ₠

ms Ljhsaejrms - JNDIJD 7 ₠

ms Lujrtms Ydbujh Vdvdjhnm 6 ₠

Lahms Zhdnas (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljndtaidmhjs (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljlmrdas nj` [anrj Bjrlaacuteh 2 ₠

Ljhsaej nj uh Anm`jsijhtj njsnj j`Luhnm Jspdrdtua` - JNDIJD ₠

Ldsdmhjrms nj `a uz - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Lujrtj js Vdna 6 ₠

Hujstrm Gmbar - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Mcrjrms nj `a Vdna Jtjrha - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[ah Hujstrm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[jhsaldjhtm y Vdna - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Sj`dbdugraveh nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 177 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 174 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Yjntildea` Vjrnj gt ₠

Yjxm y Njstdhm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Ydjlcra nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Yuc`dlj Jxpdaidugraveh - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Vdna Fj`dz - JNDIJD 2 ₠

Lm`njahnm j` ^jrijr Ld`jhdm - Vdna yMcra nj Ndva`nm [ Frahim

1 ₠

Vdna y Yjxm - JNDIJD 6 ₠

T `a Vdna Imhtdhotildeahellip JNDIJD 7 ₠

dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ

Ugraverbahm jndtmrda` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a sdh aacutehdlm nj `uirm quj rjdhvdjrtj jh j` prmpdm

`dcrm jspigraverdta Yj gaijh jhvigravems imhtra rjjlcm`sm Gaba su pjndnm prjfjrdc`jljhtj pmr imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim adhfmKjspdrdtdslmii m pmr tj`aumlfmhm5 636 911 771

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Vdna ahtjs nj `a Vdna

Jhtrjvdsta a Iar`msSmcjrtm Ialpjttd

Jhfjrljnanjs nj` a`la[aacutebdha 1gt

Jvdnjhidas Idjhtigravefiias a favmr nj`a Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna [aacutebdha 3

[`ahjaldjhtm rjjhiarhatmrdm[aacutebdha 13

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐ms Gdems nj` Ayjrldquo

[aacutebdha 37

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 3bull Jndidugraveh Mitucrj 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

1 antildems nj J` `dcrm nj `ms laumlnduls

Jhtrjvdsta a` LaumlndulNdva`nm Frahim

Ljndulhdnan nj jfjitms figravesdims[aacutebdha 1gt

^rahsimluhdiaidugraveh dhstruljhta`[aacutebdha 3

Fmrlaidugraveh nj` Laumlndul[aacutebdha 13

Jspdrdtdslm jh a dtjratura

[aacutebdha 37

frac12Ejsotildes jra laumlndul=[aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 1bull Jndidugraveh Eu`dm 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Jspdrdtdslm imlm fi`msmfigravea nj vdna

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm57bull Jndidugravehacrd`31gtbull [rjidm59

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm52bull JndidugravehMitucrj 319bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

ms Ijhtrms jspdrdtdstas njcjh sjr`a iaacutetjnra nj` Jspigraverdtu nj Vjrnan

QZAuml JY J JY[DSD^DYLM=

DH^SMNZIIDUgraveHA IMHMIDLDJH^M NJ LZHNM DHVDYDCJ

[MS AY LAHDFJY^AIDMHJY NJ MY JY[IgraveSD^ZY

Imhtdjhj j` rjsuljh nj ms prdhidpdms nj a nmitrdha jspdrdtdsta y as rjs-pujstas a as prdhidpa`js mcejidmhjs

pmr

A``ah - Oarnjiautmr nj` dcrm nj ms jspigraverdtus y nj` dcrm nj ms Ljnduls

JNDIDUgraveH JIMHUgraveLDIA

[rjidm 3 rja`js

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh Jspantildea

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm56bull JndidugravehEu`dm319bull[rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5bull JndidugravehLarzm319bull [rjidm59₠

nj a FJJ

Jspdrdtdslm jh j` luhnm[aacutebdha 37

[rjiursmrjs nj` Jspdrdtdslm[aacutebdha 6

Artgur Imhah Nmy`j[aacutebdha 32

Idjhtigravefiims jspigraverdtas nj`sdb`m WDW [aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a rjvj`aidugraveh jspigraverdtay A``ah Oarnji [aacutebdha 17

a SjvujYpdrdtj [aacutebdha 3

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

a Vdna jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

[sdim`mbigravea jh j` laacutes a``aacute[aacutebdha 1gt

Aacutehbj`js BuarndahjsJspigraverdtus [rm-tjitmrjsFald`darjs y Ydlpaacutetdims

[aacutebdha 32[jrdjspigraverdtu

[aacutebdha 33

ms Yujntildems Jspdrdtua`js[aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐HMYYM ASldquo

Jhtrjvdsta aYahtdaba Hmbujrm [aacutebdha 1

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5gtbull JndidugravehYjptdjlcrj 313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

^rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

a vdna jtjrha[aacutebdha 1

^rahsdidugraveh p`ahjtarda[aacutebdha 37

[`ura`dnan nj luhnms gacdtanms[aacutebdha 39

Jvm`uidugraveh gdstugraverdia nj` pjhsaldjh-tm jspdrdtua` [aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Jhtrjvdsta

Cdmbrafigravea

a Larigravea nj `aBraida nj Jh-

njr [aacutebdha 12

aumlmh Njhds[aacutebdha 7

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm59bull JndidugravehLarzm313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

[jtdidugraveh nj hotildeljrms ahtjrdmrjs5

H 1 rsquo 1 Antildems nj` ‐dcrm nj`ms Laumlndulsldquo

H 3 rsquo Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna

H 9 rsquo rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

H gt rsquo a Vdna jh j` luhnmjspdrdtua`

H rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

H 6 rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslmjh Jspantildea

H 2 rsquo J` Ijhtrm Jspdrdta

H 7 rsquo J` Jspdrdtdslm imlmfi`msmfigravea nj vdna

pjndnmsrjvdstafjjKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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DHFMSLAIDUgraveH T SJYJSVAY5

YJISJ^ASIgraveA AumlIHDIAMSBAHDUA

IMHFJSJHIDAY

T YJLDHASDMY

bull J` Luhnm Dhvdsdc`j

bull Sjbrjsm a `a vdna jspdrdtua`

bull J` laacutes a``aacute nj` sudidna

bull a lotildesdia jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

jqud`dcrdm para j` a`la

bull Jspigraverdtus y su gdstmrda jh `a gulahd-

nan

bull ^jrapda nj` almr

bull Imluhdiaidugraveh imh `ms jspigraverdtus5

ldtms y vjrnanjs

bull Njsvj`ahnm `m dhvdsdc`j (prujcas idjhtigrave-

fiias fi`msugravefiias j gdstugraverdias)

I d ` n d d dc`

a partdidpaidugraveh a jstj jvjhtm jstaacute acdjrta a tmnas aquj``as pjrsmhas dhtjrjsanas

IMHFJSJHIDAH^JY

Ndva`nm [ Frahim - A`frjnm A`mhsm nj `a Fujhtj - A`frjnm

^acujntildea - Vditmr Suahm - Iar`ms Ialpjttd - Euah Ldbuj`

Fjrhaacutehnjz - Eahaigraveha Ldhj``d - Iarljh Iarnmha - Ldbuj`

Vjra - M`ba Mrtdz

6 2 y 7 Ndidjlcrj 31gt

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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4BAumlHJYDY [AHJ^ASDM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

BAumlHJYDY

[AHJ^ASDM

Ga jstundanm Idjhidas Figravesdias jh Crasd` Yj njndia dhtjhsaljhtj a`a ndvu`baidugraveh nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh ljndms jsirdtms randm j DhtjrhjtFmrla partj nj `a Imldsdugraveh nj Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Nmitrdha Jspigraverdtanj `a Fjj

I`aacuteunda Cjrharnjs

nj Iarva`gm

a bjm`mbigravea js uha nj `as idjhidas hatura`jsfuhnaljhta`js a`bm laacutes njsimhmidna quj sus gjrlahaslaymrjs5 `a astrmhmligravea `a figravesdia `a quigraveldia y `a cdm`mbigravea Jh `acata``a nj `as dnjas iuahnm qujrjlms rjspujstas aijria nj`a urahmbrafigravea nj `a ^djrra jstundalms nj fmrla rdburmsa `aimlpmsdidugraveh `a jstruitura dhtjrha `ms prmijsms jvm`utdvms`as prmpdjnanjs figravesdias ndhaacuteldia j gdstmrda nj `ms latjrda`js

tjrrjstrjs Jstms ahaacute`dsds imhtrdcuyjh a` jhtjhndldjhtm nj `afmrlaidugraveh nj `a imr tjza tjrrjstrj

frac12Quauml pmnjlms sacjr njhtrm nj `ms imhijptmsjpdstaumlldims nj `a vjrnan rja`dnan y mcejtdvdnan nj `a baumlhjsdsp`ahjtarda= Luigas smh `as gdpugravetjsds idjhtigravefiias sdh jlcarbm`a Imndfiiaidugraveh Jspigraverdta hms jhsjntildea quj hujstrm mrcj asigraveimlm `ms njlaacutes p`ahjtas quj ffiuitotildeah jh j` jspaidm smhlasas quj sdrvjh nj ndfjrjhtjs lahjras a `ms jspigraverdtusA`buhms nj j``ms sj jhiujhtrah jh jstandms dhdida`js mtrms yaa`cjrbah a jspigraverdtus ldjhtras mtrms tahtms jstaacuteh jh prmijsmnj jxtdhidugraveh

ms jspigraverdtus quj ya a`iahzarmh j` branm nj purjza

smh `ms arqudtjitms jstj`arjs quj sdjlprj mcjnjijh a`jyjs jtjrhas y tdjhjh imlm tarja im`acmrar imh Ndms jh`a fmrlaidugraveh nj `ms luhnms utd`dzahnm y tracaeahnm `asjhjrbigraveas jh `a brah sdhfmhigravea nj `a jvm`uidugraveh Jh su mrdbjh jsmsc`mqujs njfmrljs nj lasas im`msa`js smh lahdpu`anms pmrjsms prmyjitdstas jh j` `acmratmrdm uhdvjrsa` trahsfmrlahnm`a latjrda dlpmhnjrac`j jh pmhnjrac`j J``ms `m gaijhrjtdrahnm nj` a`laiaumlh uhdvjrsa` `ms rjiursms jhjrbaumltdimspara ta` fih

frac12Quauml pmnjr js jstj quj imlpmrta talantildea fujrzaiapaz nj njsp`azar miaumlahms y jrdbdr lmhtantildeas= frac12Iuaacutehtasimhlmidmhjs vdm`jhtas fujrmh hjijsardas para quj j` p`ahjtajstuvdjra jh as ljemrjs imhndidmhjs para a`cjrbar a` jspigraverdtujh jvm`uidugraveh= Luigms ndraacuteh quj jsa fujrza js `a Hatura`jzasdh jlcarbm smh `ms jspigraverdtus purms qudjhjs immrndhah jsmsprmijsms y fujrzas caem jstrditms imlahnms y imhndidmhah

`ms dhhuljrac`js p`ahjtas para aimbjr jspigraverdtus jhiarhanms mnjsjhiarhanms Jh hujstrm iasm njspuaumls nj `a ab`mljraidugravehffiuigravendia j` mrcj tjrrjhm tmnavigravea hm jstaacute prjparanm paraa`cjrbar `a vdna ta` imlm `a imhmijlms

[ara njtjrldhar uha uhdnan bjmirmhm`ugravebdia nj `a^djrra y mctjhjr uha hmidugraveh rj`atdva a su fmrlaidugraveh sjrja`dza uha jstdlaidugraveh a travaumls nj uha dhspjiidugraveh nj sus

jxtraitms jxaldhahnm `ms njpugravesdtms suijsdvms supjrpujstmsAha`dzahnm jsms pjrigravemnms bjm`ugravebdims mcsjrvalms quj`a ^djrra ga pasanm pmr vardas fasjs jh su fmrlaidugraveh Jsasfasjs m trahsfmrlaidmhjs fujrmh sjiu`arjs pmr `m tahtm

trasiurrdjrmh imh `jhtdtun `m quj ``jvugrave a quj `ms j`jljhtmsquj imhstdtuyjh j` b`mcm sj jqud`dcrasjh pau`atdhaljhtja`iahzahnm `a pmsdidugraveh njsjana jxijptuahnm j` pjrigravemnmnd`uvdahm nmhnj j` ialcdm fuj laacutes sotildecdtm A` jxaldhar `asiapas bjm`ugravebdias sj pujnj afirlar nj lahjra luy ijriahaa `a rja`dnan sd jstas zmhas jstacah miupanas pmr lar `abmscmsqujs p`ahdidjs m pmc`anms pmr ahdla`js tjrrjstrjs [mrimhsdbudjhtj ms jxtraitms supjrpujstms dhndiah uha prujcadhj`undc`j nj sd `a zmha smpmr tugrave m hm vdna prdldtdva

Vjalms imh laacutes njtjhdldjhtm sjbotildeh a Baumlhjsds dcrm nj`a Imndfiiaidugraveh Jspigraver dta nms fujrmh as iausas quj favmrjidjrmh`ms ialcdms jh `a fmrlaidugraveh nj `a ^djrra5 j` fujbm y j` abuaJ` prdljrm a travaumls nj` guhndldjhtm nj `ms suj`ms pmr `afujrza nj` fujbm jh `as jrupidmhjs vm`iaacutehdias quj jlpuearmhj` abua a zmhas dhfjrdmrjs A imhtdhuaidugraveh `a sjbuhna iausa j`abua aituugrave imh drrupidmhjs njscmrnaldjhtms dhuhnaidmhjsy aiulu`aidmhjs nj tdjrras jh `as njsjlcmianuras nj `msrigravems jxpu`sahnm `a lar y irjahnm hujvms tjrrdtmrdms

Jh j` jstanm prdldtdvm nj` b`mcm `ms aigataldjhtmsnj `ms pm`ms nj `a ^djrra smh dhndidms nj quj jh sus dhdidmsjstuvm jh jstanm ffiuigravendim jstanm quj punm njcjrsj a quj `alatjrda a` prdhidpdm jstuvdjra `diuana pmr `a aiidugraveh nj` fujbmm nd`udna pmr j` abua J` ia`mr jh j` dhtjrdmr nj `a ^djrra `asfujhtjs tjrla`js fujbms lasas fuhndnas jsiupdnas pmr `ms

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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1 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull BAumlHJYDY [AHJ^ASDM

vm`iahjs `as brdjtas fmrlanas pmr `ms tjlc`mrjs nj tdjrrashm njeah nuna nj su dhtjrdmr igravebhjm nj jsj lmnm rjsu`ta`ugravebdim quj su jstanm pastmsm mrdbdhardm njcj gacjr tjhdnmimlm iausa prdlmrnda` j` ia`mr y hm j` abua [mr `m tahtmjh su mrdbjh `a ^djrra fuj uha lasa dhiahnjsijhtj quj aimhsjiujhida nj a randaidugraveh ia`ugraverdia sj jhfrdugrave nj fujra gaidanjhtrm fmrlahnm uha imrtjza jh su supjrfiidj ldjhtras sudhtjrdmr pjrlahjij ffiudnm

^mnm jh j` prdhidpdm js imhfusdugraveh jh uha aparjhtjsdtuaidugraveh iaugravetdia nmhnj `as jhjrbigraveas sj jhfrigraveah luy`jhtaljhtj Njsnj `a fmrlaidugraveh tjrrjha `ms aacutetmlms smh`ms ldslms hd uhm laacutes hd uhm ljhms pjrm a imhsjiujhida

nj` jhfrdaldjhtm sj fmrlarmh hujvas imlcdhaidmhjs ^mnmsaquj``ms j`jljhtms susijptdc`js nj vm`atd`dzarsj pasarmha jstanm basjmsm a njhsdnan nj tmnms jsms basjs jhsuspjhsdugraveh imhfjrigravea uha mpaidnan ta` quj hm pjhjtraca `a`uz nj` sm` sdjhnm dhiapaz nj mfrjijr ialpm faumlrtd` a `a vdna

J` prdljr jfjitm nj` jhfrdaldjhtm y prmnuitm ndrjitmnj `a sm`dndfiiaidugraveh nj `a supjrfiidj jxtjrdmr quj iaraitjrdzaj` pjrigravemnm prdlardm fuj `a fmrlaidugraveh nj` brahdtm Jsaimhnjhsaidugraveh nj `ms ljta`js fmrlugrave `a imstra sm`dndfiiananj` b`mcm quj iucrj partj nj `a supjrfiidj p`ahjtarda y jsimhsdnjrana j` jsquj`jtm tjrrjhm

J` sjbuhnm jfjitm fuj `a `diujfaiidugraveh nj `ms vapmrjs quj

sj prjidpdtarmh smcrj j` suj`m Yj prmnuejrmh `uvdas nj ljta`jsquj iausarmh fisuras vjtas y fi`mhjs jh j` brahdtm iausahnmnjsimlpmsdidmhjs suijsdvas Idi`ms dhdhtjrrulpdnms njprjidpdtaidmhjs y jvapmraidmhjs prmpdidarmh `a caeana nj `a

tjlpjratura Ahaacuterqudia ljzi`a nj j`jljhtms iaraitjr dzugravejsj pjrigravemnm prdlardm nmhnj imlm ya sj jxp`diugrave hdhbotildeh sjrvdvm punm jxdstdr

Jh j` pjrigravemnm nj trahsdidugraveh j` pjqujntildem jspjsmr nj`a imrtjza brahigravetdia prmpmridmhaca uha naumlcd` rjsdstjhidaAcuhnahtjs nd`ataidmhjs y njsp`azaldjhtms pjrldtdjrmhquj `a `ava dhtjrdmr sj trahscmrnara J` adrj fuj `dcjrahnm`as latjrdas laacutes pjsanas pmr prjidpdtaidugraveh sdjhnm aumlstas

arrastranas y ndsuj`tas jh j` abua quj pmsjigravea pmiaprmfuhndnan y iucrigravea iasd tmna `a supjrfiidj

Jh jsj tdjlpm `ms jhtjs cdm`ugravebdims tmnavigravea hm jxdstigraveah

nj lmnm quj aumlstms gah tjhdnm aquigrave uh imldjhzm ms sjrjsvdvms jstaacuteh suejtms a dhhuljrac`js vdidsdtunjs uha irjaidugravehjhtjra pmnrigravea qujnar imlprmljtdna nurahtj su jvm`uidugravehpmr iua`qudjr faitmr anvjrsm `m quj rjfujrza `a prjvdsdugraveh njNdms y sus arqudtjitms a` irjar rjspjtahnm j` prmijsm njjvm`uidugraveh hatura` `a p`ura`dnan nj `ms faitmrjs cdugravetdims

ms iatai`dslms tuvdjrmh `ubar njsnj j` mrdbjh nj `a^djrra lmndfiiahnm `as imhndidmhjs para `a imhsjrvaidugravehnj `a vdna j gdidjrmh njsaparjijr bjhjraidmhjs jhtjras njsjrjs vdvms Js luy dlpmr tahtj tjhjr jh iujhta quj njhtrmnj jstms idi`ms pjrdugravendims jxdstjh sucpjrigravemnms hm mcstahtj`as jras hmrla`ljhtj jstundanas smh `as quj prjsjhtah uha

a`tjraidugraveh laacutes njstaiac`jJh jsj pjrigravemnm imljhzarmh a fmrlarsj `ms jxtraitms

nj tjrrjhms sjndljhtardms pmr j` arrastrj nj `as abuasiarbanas nj `dlm y latjrda`js ndvjrsms anjiuanms a `a vdnamrbaacutehdia Aparjidjrmh `ms prdljrms sjrjs vdvms nj` rjdhmvjbjta` nj mrbahdzaidugraveh rundljhtarda `ms `igravequjhjs lusbmssjtas gj`jigms y p`ahtas gjrcaacuteijas a `a par quj `ms ahdla`jsnj mrbahdzaidugraveh pmim imlp`jea Jstms sjrjs jxi`usdvaljhtjlardhms smh imhmidnms imlm zmugravefitms randanms pm`igravepjrmslaacutes tarnj aparjidjrmh `ms irustaacuteijms y `ms pjijs

J` bas iarcugravehdim njcdnm a su brah iahtdnan fuj uha nj`as otilde`tdlas sustahidas quj j` adrj purdfiiugrave Jsj bas asmidanm

imh `a aiidugraveh nj` ia`mr y `a guljnan prmpdidugrave j` alcdjhtjdnugravehjm a` surbdldjhtm nj `as p`ahtas iucrdjhnm raacutepdnaljhtj`a supjrfiidj imh vjbjtaidugraveh acuhnahtj y jxucjrahtj a`

tdjlpm quj `as p`ahtas aiuaacutetdias talcdaumlh sj lu`tdp`diarmhA imhsjiujhida nj` njsp`azaldjhtm nj` abua quj sjbuigraveasu idi`m hatura` `ms tjrrjhms fujrmh dhuhnanms y iucdjrtmspmr sjndljhtms nj ta` lmnm quj vardas bjhjraidmhjsa`tjrhanaljhtj jstuvdjrmh smljtdnas a sjquigravea y rjpmc`aidugravehahdqud`anms y rjhmvanms nj fmrla iigravei`dia

Jh j` pjrigravemnm sjiuhnardm `a vjbjtaidugraveh im`msa` y `msahdla`js njsaparjijh njcdnm a `ms iatai`dslms y a` ialcdmnj imhndidmhjs atlmsfaumlrdias iaraitjrdzanms pmr brahnjs

`jvahtaldjhtms y jrupidmhjs vm`iaacutehdias Jh jsa aumlpmia `avjbjtaidugraveh irjij njspaidm pmr `a ndsldhuidugraveh nj` ia`mry `a guljnan ms ahdla`js smh tmnavigravea aiuaacutetdims surbjh

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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11BAumlHJYDY [AHJ^ASDM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

`ms ahficdms y sj njstaia jh jsa jra `a apardidugraveh nj brahnjsrjptd`js Jh jsj pjrigravemnm `a vdna ahdla` a`iahzugrave uh jhmrljnjsarrm``m imlm gacigravea miurrdnm imh `a vjbjtaidugraveh jh j`pjrigravemnm ahtjrdmr J` adrj laacutes purdfiianm pjrldtdugrave quj `msahdla`js vdvdjsjh smcrj `a ^djrra Njsaparjijh `ms ahdla`jsaiuaacutetdims bdbahtjsims sustdtudnms pmr ahdla`js ahaacute`mbms pjrmlaacutes prmpmridmhanms y nj talantildem laacutes rjnuidnm

Jh j` pjrigravemnm tjridardm j` jstanm alcdjhta` ialcdahujvaljhtj prmpdidahnm imhndidmhjs nj vdta`dnan quj sjaprmxdlah a` jstanm aitua` aparjidjhnm hujvas jspjidjs imhmrbahdzaidugraveh laacutes pjrfjita y quj sj anaptah a `a hatura`jzanj` ljndm nmhnj smh ``alanms a vdvdr Agmra `a jhvm`tura

nj `a imstra tjrrjstrj tdjhj laymr jspjsmr prmpmridmhahnmuha imhsdnjrac`j rjsdstjhida a `a aiidugraveh nj` fujbm dhtjrdmrNj fmrla hm sdlu`taacutehja sj fmrlarmh `ms pdims y ianjhasnj lmhtantildeas `m quj miasdmhugrave quj `a supjrfiidj nj` suj`m sjvm`vdjra njsdbua` y quj `as abuas fujrah jlpueanas a zmhasdhfjrdmrjs trahsfmrlahnm j` aspjitm nj` b`mcm

J` pjrigravemnm nd`uvdahm jstaacute larianm pmr j` laymriatai`dslm nj` p`ahjta pmr tmnas partjs qujnah sjntildea`jsnj ta`js imhvu`sdmhjs as abuas dhvandjrmh `ms imhtdhjhtjslmndfiiahnm randia`ljhtj j` pahmrala gasta jhtmhijsjxdstjhtj y `ms pm`ms imljhzarmh a iucrdrsj nj gdj`mfmrlahnm `ms b`aidarjs `m iua` apuhta a quj gucm uhsdbhdfiiatdvm ialcdm nj tjlpjratura b`mca` ^mnms `msga``azbms idjhtigravefiims ``jvah a pjhsar quj jsj ialcdm fujcrusim

Zha vjz rjstac`jidnm j` jqud`dcrdm `ms ahdla`js y `msvjbjta`js rjtmlarmh su iursm jvm`utdvm Zha atlugravesfjra laacutes`dlpda nj basjs pjrldtdugrave quj `ms rayms nj` Ym` `a atravjsasjhJ` suj`m lmstrugrave hujvaljhtj uhas imhndidmhjs favmrac js yjstac`js a` njsarrm``m nj a vdna mrbahdzana smcrj a supjrfiidja ^djrra sj pmc`aca imh ahdla`js laacutes smidac`js y ljhmsfjrmijs `ms vjbjta`js prmpdidacah uha a`dljhtaidugraveh laacutessuavj y `dbjra Fuj sm`aljhtj jhtmhijs iuahnm tmnms `msfaitmrjs alcdjhta`js rjsu`tarmh anjiuanms para `a apardidugravehnj` gmlcrj smcrj j` mrcj

Hm gacigravea imhndidmhjs nj vdta`dnan para j` gmlcrj jh`ms pjrigravemnms ahtjrdmrjs sdh jlcarbm gay njsiucrdldjhtmsrjidjhtjs quj parjijh imhfirlar quj a`botildeh jspaumlidljh

jxdstigravea ahtjs nj` pjrigravemnm nd`uvdahm pjrm `m idjrtm js qujsu prm`dfjraidugraveh smcrj `a ^djrra imljhzugrave a jscmzarsj imhalp`dtun jh j` pjrigravemnm pmsnd`uvdahm Jh a Baumlhjsds sj pujnjjhimhtrar5 laquoJsj pjrigravemnm (pmsnd`uvdahm) pujnj iaraitjrdzarsjpmr `a prjsjhida nj` gmlcrj jh `a ^djrraiquest Yubjrdlms `a`jitura nj` iapigravetu`m W nj` ldslm `dcrm nmhnj sj jxp`dia `afmrlaidugraveh dhdida` nj `ms sjrjs vdvms bjhjraidugraveh jspmhtaacutehjajsia`a nj `ms sjrjs mrbaacutehdims y j` gmlcrj imrpmra`

Ld``arjs nj antildems smh dlprjsidhndc`js para quj ianafasj pjrsdba su jstacd`dnan smh hjijsardas rjvm`uidmhjsbjhjra`js y parida`js nj` b`mcm para a`iahzar j` aspjitmaitua` prmpdidahnm nj jsj lmnm `ms alcdjhtjs rjqujrdnms a

`a jvm`uidugraveh nj `a vdna mnms `ms pjrigravemnms fujrmh hjijsardmspara quj `ms sjrjs vdvms jvm`uidmhasjh sdjhnm j` sjr gulahmj` aacutepdij nj jsj njsarrm``m

a ^djrra fuj prjparana para quj j` gmlcrj tuvdjra`as ljemrjs imhndidmhjs nj supjrvdvjhida iuahnm ``jbara j`lmljhtm nj miupar tjlpmra`ljhtj jstj p`ahjta para a

travaumls nj `a jhiarhaidugraveh jejrijr sus faiu`tanjs nj jspigraverdtudhlmrta` Iuahnm vuj`va a` luhnm jspdrdtua` nj nmhnj jsmrdbdhardm j` jspigraverdtu pmnraacute miupar nj aiujrnm a su hdvj`jvm`utdvm mtrms luhnms talcdaumlh prjparanms para sunjsarrm``m nmhnj sjbudraacute su fmrlaidugraveh

Ld``arjs nj antildems smh dlprjsidhndc`js paraquj iana fasj pjrsdba su jstacd`dnan smhhjijsardas rjvm`uidmhjs bjhjra`js y parida`jsnj` b`mcm para a`iahzar j` aspjitm aitua`prmpdidahnm nj jsj lmnm `ms alcdjhtjsrjqujrdnms a `a jvm`uidugraveh nj `a vdna

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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13 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull A JVMZIDMH AHIgraveLDIA

A JVMZIDMH AHIgraveLDIA

Dhbjhdjrm Dhnustrda` Ndvu`banmr jspigraverdta y rjnaitmr nj` pjrdugravendim J` Aacutehbj`nj` Cdjh puc`dianm pmr j` I J ‐Jhtrj j` Idj`m y a djrraldquo nj Yah Lartigravehnj Va`njdb`jsdas (Lanrdn)

Emsauml Dbhaidm Lmnaldm

Hana pjrlahjij jstaidmhardm jh `a Hatura`jza tmnm jvm`uidmha jh iulp`dldjhtm nj `a jy nj [rmbrjsma travaumls nj `a rjjhiarhaidugraveh y nj `ms ljiahdslms njanaptaidugraveh y gjrjhida Jh iana jhiarhaidugraveh dhtjbralms`a gjrjhida figravesdim-dhstdhtdva nj hujstrms panrjs imh `agjrjhida nj hujstras imhqudstas fisdmpsdimsmlaacutetdias njjxdstjhidas pasanas dhtjbranas jh hujstrm pjrdjspigraverdtupjrldtdaumlhnmhms njsarrm``ar hujvas iapaidnanjs yiaraitjrigravestdias dha`iahzac`js gasta jsj lmljhtm

a jxpjrdjhida jh tmnas `as jtapas nj `a jvm`uidugraveh

js j` lmtmr quj j`acmra `a aitdvdnan rjffijea (j` rjffijem)quj prjijnjraacute a` dhstdhtm (autmlatdzaidugraveh) quj a su vjzprjijnjraacute a `a aitdvdnan rjffijxdva quj sjraacute `a casj nj `adhtj`dbjhida jh su ialdhm gaida `a imhidjhida nj sigrave ldslm y`a rjspmhsacd`dnan lmra`

Bacrdj` Nj`ahhj jh su `dcrm a jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldia hmsndij5 laquo mnms ms ialcdms quj sj mcsjrvah jh a Hatura`jzahm tdjhjh sdhm uh mcejtm5 j` prmbrjsm nj` Jspigraverdtuiquest J`jstundm nj a jy nj [rmbrjsm hms pjrldtj imhi`udr quj hanamiurrj jh `a Hatura`jza pmr iasua`dnan Iana anaptaidugravehsj prmyjita jh j` p`ahm jxtra-figravesdim para iulp`drsj jh j`p`ahm figravesdim jh iulp`dldjhtm nj `a jy Hatura` para j` cdjh

nj tmnas `as irdaturas jh vdrtun nj `a brah jy nj Zhdnanquj rdbj `a Irjaidugraveh^mnm jvm`uidmha jh `a Irjaidugraveh tahtm `m

pjrtjhjidjhtj a` aacutelcdtm nj `a latjrda prmvjhdjhtj pmr tahtm nj` [rdhidpdm Latjr da` m F`udnm Iugravesldim Zhdvjrsa`imlm `m pjrtjhjidjhtj a` aacutelcdtm jspdrdtua` prmvjhdjhtjnj` [rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj quj ahdla tmnm `m irjanm J`[rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj js `a jxprjsdugraveh nj `a atraiidugraveh jh j`ldhjra` a sjhsaidugraveh jh `m vjbjta` j` dhstdhtm jh j` ahdla` j`razmhaldjhtm jh j` gmlcrj y `m ndvdhm jh j` jspigraverdtu purm(vjr apar tanm ‐Autmlatdslm y gjrjhidaldquo jh `dcrm Jvm`uidugravehjh nms luhnms Igdim Wavdjr) Ndigm nj mtrm lmnm5 j`[rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj jh j` vjbjta` aprjhnj a njsarrm``ar `msdhstdhtms Jh j` ahdla` ya imh `ms dhstdhtms njsarrm``anmsprmbrjsa njsarrm``ahnm `a dhtj`dbjhida Jh j` gmlcrj njdhtj`dbjhida njspdjrta su prmbrjsm prdhidpa` sj njsarrm``araacute

jh j` ialpm nj` sjhtdldjhtm T jh j` sjr supjrdmr im`lanmnj sjhtdldjhtms suc`dljs imhtdhuaraacute su njsarrm``m gaida`igraveldtjs dhsmspjiganms nj imhidjhida jspdrdtua` a`iahzahnm`ms p`ahms supjrdmrjs nj `a Irjaidugraveh jh uhdugraveh imh Ndms

a mcsjrvaidugraveh hms njlujstra quj nj` ldslm lmnmquj j` dhstdhtm jh j` ahdla` js nj `a ldsla hatura`jza qujjh j` gmlcrj su dhtj`dbjhida y sjhtdldjhtm talcdaumlh `m smhy varigraveah sugrave`m jh j` branm nj njsarrm``m Bacrdj` Nj`ahhjjh su `dcrm a jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldia ndij5 laquo`a hatura`jzapjhsahtj nj uhm y nj` mtrm js nj` ldslm mrnjh y hm

ndfijrjh jh jsjhida sdhm jh branm nj lahdfjstaidugraveh y jstmjs prjidsaljhtj `m quj jvdnjhidah idjrtas faiu`tanjs nj`ms ahdla`js ta`js imlm `a atjhidugraveh j` eudidm j` raidmidhdm`a asmidaidugraveh nj dnjas `a ljlmrda y `a dlabdhaidugravehiquest (paacuteb4) Anjlaacutes njlujstra talcdaumlh laquoquj `ms sjhtdldjhtmslmra`js ta`js imlm j` rjlmrndldjhtm j` sjhtdnm lmra``a hmidugraveh nj `m eustm y nj `m dheustm jtiaumltjra sj ga``ah jhbjrljh jh tmnms `ms ahdla`jsiquest (paacuteb 2)

Jh `a dhfahida gulaha m rjjhiarhaidmhjs prdldtdvasnj` gmlcrj hms lmvjlms laacutes pmr dhstdhtms prmvjhdjhtjsnj `as jtapas nj `a ahdla`dnan ahtjrdmr quj pmr imlp`jtadhtj`dbjhida Ymh pjrdmnms prdldtdvms nmhnj j` gmlcrj

aparjhta jstar tmnavigravea laacutes ijria nj `a ahdla`dnan quj njsu vjrnanjra pmsdidugraveh jh `a gulahdnanms dhstdhtms casanms tmnms j``ms jh `a jy Hatura`

huhia sj jqudvmiah pjrm imh j` njsarrm``m nj `adhtj`dbjhida njrdvah imlotildehljhtj a` prdhidpdm jh pasdmhjsa travaumls nj` acusm pmr jbmigraveslm imhsjiujhida nj` dhstdhtmnj imhsjrvaidugraveh Vah ijndjhnm su dhffiujhida imhfmrljsj njsarrm``ah `ms sjhtdldjhtms y pmr j``m `a hatura`jzadlprdlj ya jh j` ahdla` j` sjhtdldjhtm nj` almr caemsus fmrlas laacutes guld`njs y rundljhtardas a travaumls nj `alatjrhdnan

Jh hujstrm jstanm aitua` jvm`utdvm tmnavigravea hm

ndspmhjlms nj iapaidnan hd imhmidldjhtms sufiidjhtjs paraimlprjhnjr j` prmijsm nj irjaidugraveh nj `ms jspigraverdtus Ydhjlcarbm j` jstundm y a mcsjrvaidugraveh nj as jyjs Hatura`js

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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19A JVMZIDMH AHIgraveLDIA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

hms pjrldtdraacute aprmxdlarhms a` imhmidldjhtm nj `as jtapasahtjrdmrjs y pmstjrdmrjs a su fmrlaidugraveh Imlprjhnjlmsquj j` [rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj jvm`uidmha a travaumls nj `msprdljrms trjs rjdhms imhstdtuyjhnm jh j` pjrdjspigraverdtu miujrpm jspdrdtua` tmnms `ms prmijsms hjijsardms para `avdna mrbaacutehdia `ms dhstdhtms y fiha`ljhtj `a vdna dhtj`jitua`imhsidjhtj J` pjrdjspigraverdtu lmnj`a j` iujrpm figravesdim y js j`vjgigraveiu`m nj trahsldsdugraveh nj `ms avahijs mctjhdnms a travaumlsnj as suijsdvas rjjhiarhaidmhjs nj` a`la pmr ms ndfjrjhtjsrjdhms jh uh prmijsm nj dhndvdnua`dzaidugraveh prmbrjsdva

pmr j` iua` sj vuj`vj dhndvdsdc`j gasta a`iahzar j` rjdhmgmldha` rjidcdjhnm `a igdspa ndvdha m [rdhidpdm Ndvdhm (vjriapigravetu`m DDD nj Jvm`uidugraveh jh nms luhnms nj Igdim Wavdjr)jlpjzahnm uha hujva jtapa nmhnj sjraacute rjspmhsac`j njsus aiidmhjs imlm imhsjiujhida nj `a anqudsdidugraveh nj` `dcrja`cjnrigravem j` sjhtdnm lmra` `a imhidjhida nj sigrave ldslm y njsu pasanm jh cusia nj `as faiu`tanjs jspdrdtua`js quj `jgacd`dtjh para `a imhqudsta nj` prugravexdlm rjdhm j` ahbauml`dim

ms jspigraverdtus smh irjanms sdlp`js j dbhmrahtjs `mquj sdbhdfiia quj a` prdhidpdm tmnms smlms iarjhtjs njimhmidldjhtms y tjhjlms dnaumlhtdia aptdtun para prmbrjsarljndahtj hujstra aitdvdnan dhndvdnua` Hm rjidcdlms pmr

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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16 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AY JY[JIDJY NJYNJ J [ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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14AZ^MLA^DYLM T [JSDJY[IgraveSD^Z bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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31frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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39frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY=

a tracaear frac12Iugravelm sdh j` nm`mr gacrigravealms nj imhmijr`a a`jbrigravea sdh `a smlcra aprjidar `a `uz sdh `a prdvaidugravehsacmrjar j` cdjh anqudrdnm a satdsfaiidugraveh a`iahzana= Aquigravejstaacute `a razugraveh nj` pmr quauml jhimhtralms ndfiiu`tanjs nj tmna sujrtj jh hmsmtrms y a hujstrm a`rjnjnmr

Js `a `jy nj` jsfujrzm `jy suprjla pmr `a iua` j` sjrsj afirla trduhfa y sj njsarrm``a js `a labhigravefiia jpmpjyanj `a Gdstmrda `a `uiga jxtjrdmr quj ``jha j` luhnm a`uiga dhfjrdmr hm js ljhms imhlmvjnmra Iana vjz qujrjhaij tjhnraacute j` Jspigraverdtu quj aimlmnar anjiuar j` hujvmjhvm`tmrdm latjrda` quj `j va a sjrvdr nj lmrana y gaijrnj auml` uh dhstruljhtm iapaz nj tranuidr nj jxprjsar `asimhijpidmhjs nj su bjhdm A pjsar nj as njijpidmhjs nj`as njrrmtas a travaumls nj as jxdstjhidas rjhmvanas j` a`laimhsdbuj njsarrm``ar sus j`jvanas faiu`tanjs

Gay jh hmsmtrms uha smrna aspdraidugraveh uha igravehtdlajhjrbigravea ldstjrdmsa quj hms jhialdha gaida as a`turas qujhms gaij tjhnjr gaida njstdhms iana vjz laacutes j`jvanmsquj hms dlpj`j gaida m Cj``m y gaida j` Cdjh Js a jy nj`prmbrjsm a jvm`uidugraveh jtjrha quj buigravea a `a Gulahdnan a travaumls nj `as jnanjs y abudemhja a iana uhm nj hmsmtrmspmrquj jh `a Gulahdnan smh `as ldslas a`las quj njsdb`m jh sdb`m vuj`vjh para prmsjbudr imh `a ayuna njhujvms iujrpms prjparaacutehnmsj para luhnms ljemrjs jhsu mcra nj pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm

a `jy nj` prmbrjsm hm sj ap`dia sm`aljhtj a`gmlcrj js uhdvjrsa` Gay jh tmnms `ms rjdhms nj `aHatura`jza uha jvm`uidugraveh quj fuj rjimhmidna pmr `mspjhsanmrjs nj tmnms `ms tdjlpms Njsnj `a iauml`u`a vjrnjnjsnj j` jlcrdugraveh jrrahtj cmyahnm a ffimr nj `as abuas`a ianjha nj `as jspjidjs sj ga njsarrm``anm a travaumls njsjrdjs vardanas gasta hmsmtrms

Iana js`acugraveh nj jsa ianjha rjprjsjhta uha fmrlanj `a jxdstjhida quj imhnuij a uha fmrla supjrdmr a uhmrbahdslm laacutes r dim laacutes cdjh anaptanm a as hjijsdnanjsa `as lahdfjstaidmhjs irjidjhtjs nj `a vdna Las jh `a

jsia`a nj `a jvm`uidugraveh j` pjhsaldjhtm `a imhidjhida y`a `dcjrtan sugrave`m aparjijh pasanms luigms branms Jh `ap`ahta `a dhtj`dbjhida nmrldta jh j` ahdla` sujntildea sugrave`mjh j` gmlcrj njspdjrta sj imhmij sj pmsjj y sj vuj`vj

imhsidjhtj a partdr nj agigrave j` prmbrjsm nj a`buha sujrtjfata` jh `as fmrlas dhfjrdmrjs nj `a Hatura`jza sugrave`m sjpujnj rja`dzar pmr j` aiujrnm nj a vm`uhtan gulaha imh`as `jyjs Jtjrhas

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a jvm`uidugraveh nj `ms luhnms y nj `as a`las jsrjbdna pmr `a Vm`uhtan Ndvdha quj pjhjtra y ndrdbj tmna`a Hatura`jza Las `a jvm`uidugraveh figravesdia js uha sdlp`jprjparaidugraveh para `a jvm`uidugraveh psigravequdia y `a asijhsdugraveh nj`as a`las prmsdbuj luigm laacutes a``aacute nj `a ianjha nj `msluhnms latjrda`js Hujstrm B`mcm js imlm uha arjhanmhnj sj tracah cata``as dhijsahtjs Jh su prmndbdmsafjiuhndnan bjhjra hujvms sjrjs las `ujbm `a lujrtjsdjba jh sus fi`as ijrranas Jsa `uiga gmrrjhna a prdljravdsta js hjijsarda para j` njsarrm``m nj` prdhidpdm nj vdnanura gasta j` nigravea jh quj uh raym nj dhtj`dbjhida vdjhj ad`uldhar `as imhidjhidas anmrljidnas Js jh `a `uiga quj`a vm`uhtan sj pjrfjiidmha y afirla js nj` nm`mr quj haij`a sjhsdcd`dnan

Jljrbjr branm a branm nj` acdslm nj `a vdna para tmrharsj Jspigraverdtu bjhdm supjrdmr y jstm pmr sus prmpdmslaumlrdtms y jsfujrzms imhqudstar j` futurm gmra a gmra dr`dcjraacutehnmsj nigravea a nigravea uh pmim laacutes nj `a bahba nj `aspasdmhjs `dcjrarsj nj `as subjstdmhjs nj` jbmigraveslm nj

`a pjrjza nj` njsaacutehdlm rjsiatarsj pmim a pmim nj susffiaqujzas nj su dbhmrahida ayunahnm a sus sjljeahtjs arjsiatarsj a su vjz arrastrahnm tmnm j` ljndm gulahm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

gaida uh jstanm supjrdmr ta` js j` papj` ndstrdcudnm aiana a`la

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^a` js j` iaraacuteitjr imlp`jem nj` sjr gulahm5 jspigraverdtufujrza y latjrda jh qudjh sj rjsuljh tmnms ms j`jljhtmsimhstdtutdvms tmnas `as pmtjhidas nj` Zhdvjrsm ^mnm `mquj jstaacute jh hmsmtrms jstaacute jh j` Zhdvjrsm y tmnm `m qujjstaacute jh j` Zhdvjrsm sj jhiujhtra jh hmsmtrms [mr j`iujrpm ffiuigravendim y pmr j` iujrpm latjrda` j` gmlcrj jstaacuteuhdnm a `a dhljhsa jstruitura nj `a vdna uhdvjrsa` pmr j`a`la a tmnms `ms luhnms dhvdsdc`js y ndvdhms ^jhjlmsjh hmsmtrms j` dhstdhtm nj `a ahdla`dnan laacutes m ljhmsimlprdldnm pmr j` `arbm tracaem pmr `as prujcas nj `asjxdstjhidas pasanas y tjhjlms talcdaumlh `a irdsaacute`dna nj`aacutehbj` nj` sjr randahtj y purm quj pmnjlms vjhdr a sjrpmr a dlpu`sdugraveh lmra` pmr as aspdraidmhjs nj` imrazugraveh ypmr j` sairdfiidm imhstahtj nj` ‐ymldquo ^mialms imh `ms pdjs

`as prmfuhndnanjs smlcrigraveas nj` acdslm y imh a frjhtj as

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Ahabrala 34LMMNT S Imldhb Caio HT5 Cahtal Cmmos 1441

^jhjlms jh hmsmtrms j` dhstdhtm nj `aahdla`dnan laacutes m ljhms imlprdldnm

pmr j` `arbm tracaem pmr `as prujcas nj `asjxdstjhidas pasanas y tjhjlms talcdaumlh `a

irdsaacute`dna nj` aacutehbj` nj` sjr randahtj y purm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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36 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM

J` 3gt nj euhdm nj 14gt9 fuj para `a idunan nj Baumlhmva(Dta`da) uh nigravea jldhjhtjljhtj trdstj Zhm nj sus laacutesiauml`jcrjs dhvjstdbanmrjs psigravequdims partigravea gaida j` mtrm `anmnj a vdna a ms 71 antildems nj jnan njspuaumls nj gacjr njeanmjsirdtm para `a gdstmrda laacutes nj sjsjhta mcras y idjhtms njartigraveiu`ms casanms jh sus dhvjstdbaidmhjs

Jrhjstm Cmzzahm gacigravea haidnm jh `a ldsla idunanquj `j vdm lmrdr j` 4 nj jhjrm nj 1763 Yu fald`dajimhugraveldialjhtj aimlmnana `m rjidcdugrave euhtm imh mtrmsiuatrm gjrlahms laacutes mcsjrvahnm iugravelm sj njstaiacajh auml` uh almr apasdmhahtj pmr j` aprjhndzaej ^a` jra asigravequj a `ms iuatrm antildems suejtahnm imh sus pjqujntildeas lahmsuh vm`uldhmsm y ldstjrdmsm tmlm smcrj `a `dtjraturabjhmvjsa dhsdstigravea a su lanrj para quj j jhsjntildeara a `jjr`m

[asa j` tdjlpm y Cmzzahm js a`jhtanm a jstundar jhuha jsiuj`a taumlihdia pjrm a `ms iatmrij antildems tras luigas`aacutebrdlas js mc`dbanm pmr su panrj a acahnmhar`a Jstmfmrta`jidugrave su pjrsmha`dnan ya quj a partdr nj jhtmhijs suljta fuj anqudrdr imlm `jy uha brah iu`tura njspjrtahnmluigigravesdlm dhtjraumls pmr `ms brahnjs i`aacutesdims dta`dahms a`dtjratura fuj su prdljra vmiaidugraveh y tras imhvjrtdrsj jhuh autmndnaita js iapaz nj `jjr jh dhb`aumls `as mcras nj `ms

pmjtas ^gmlas Lmmrj [jriy Cyssgj Ygj``jy Emgh Ld`tmh yRd``dal Ygaojspjarj

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Ndvu`banmr jspigraverdta artdiu`dsta y imhfjrjhidahtj [artdidpa jhprmbralas nj randm y tj`jvdsdugraveh nj tjlaacutetdia jspdrdtua` Js prjsdnjhtjnj `a Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj Lanrdn Euah Ldbuj` Fjrhaacutehnjz

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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32CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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37 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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34DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Qujrdnm `jitmr jh jsta rjffijxdugraveh jhimhtralms uhparandbla jvm`utdvm quj jstaacute rjspa`nanm jh uha razugravehdhnunac`j5 iexcl[rmbrjsalms sdjlprj Aprmvjigjlms pujs mslmljhtms nj jsta rjjhiarhaidugraveh mcsjrvahnm nmldharhujstrms dhstdhtms ahdla`js a` fiha` iarbalms uha iarbafi`mbjhaumltdia nj `as jxpjrdjhidas nj` pasanm sdh tjhjr qujvm`vjr a j``as T imlm Oarnji ndem laquo`a ljtjlpsdimsds imlm`a jhtdjhnjh hm js vjrnanjraiquest9

( ranuiidugraveh nj m`a Bariigravea)

iexcl[rmbrjsalms sdjlprj Aprmvjigjlms

pujs `ms lmljhtms nj jstarjjhiarhaidugraveh mcsjrvahnm nmldharhujstrms dhstdhtms ahdla`js

9 Oarnji A``ah M dvrm nms Jspigraverdtms [rjbuhta 611 Jndidugraveh Mh`dhj FJC3 Oarnji A``ah M dvrm nms Jspigraverdtms [rjbuhta 619 Jndidugraveh Mh`dhj FJC

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3236

93 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

bull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aRjc5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjs

FaijCmmo5 wwwjspdrdtdslmiifaijcmmo

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`f5 +9gt 636 911 771

A`diahtjbull Ymidjnan Jspdrdtdsta A`diahtdhaNdrjiidugraveh5 I Cazaacuteh 3-3micro 91 A`diahtjRjc5 wwwsjajspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKsjajspdrdtaiml

^j`f5 +9gt 676 43 gt1

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta a uz nj` IaldhmNdrjiidugraveh5 Apartanm nj Imrrjms hmicro 122

99 bull Mrdguj`a (ADIAH^J)Rjc5 www`a`uznj`ialdhmiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 brupmjspdrdtaK`a`uznj`ialdhmiml ^j`f5 +9gt 46 964 1 rsquo +9gt 66 7gt4 627

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta a uz nj` [mrvjhdr Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Laumlndim `jnugrave 7 Caem - Apartanm 7

999 bull Irjvd``jhtj (ADIAH^J)Rjc5 www`a`uznj`pmrvjhdroarnjijs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 eahalmsomljhsoy143162Kblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 61 66 477

bull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms JspigraverdtasCjzjrra nj Ljhjzjs

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Cjhaiahtd` 2 - a Lata mrrjvdjea917 bull mrrjvdjea (ADIAH^J)

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ejsus211461Kyagmmjs

^j`f5 +9gt 61 6gt 364bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj CjhdnmrlNdrjiidugraveh5 I ^mlaacutes nj Mrtuntildem 4gt-3microA

91 bull Cjhdnmrl (ADIAH^J)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5ijhtrmjspdrdtacjhdnmrlKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 624 497 42

Carij`mhabull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj Dbua`anaNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Iarljh H 19- 1micro- 3ordf 72 bull Dbua`ana (CASIJMHA)Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsdbua`ana

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5jstundmsjspdrdtasdbua`anaKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 497 9 gt1 rsquo +9gt 64 1 3gt6

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ala`da Nmldhbm Ym`jr Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Vjhtura [`aea 1 - caems Ljtrm - Cana` 737 Carij`mhaRjc5 wwwijansoarnjijs Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijansKmhmiml ^j`f5 +9gt 66 913 672

Idunan Sja`bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Almr Fratjrhm Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Fjrrmiarrd` 22 196 bull A`iaacutezar nj Yah Euah (IDZNAN SJA)

Rjc5 wwwijalmrfratjrhmjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijhtrmjspdrdtaalmrfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 436 11 296

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ialdhm nj uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 Ahtdbua Iarrjtjra nj Lanrdn 3

193 bull Lahzaharjs (IDZNAN SJA)Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsijialdhmnj`uz Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijialdhmnj`uzKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 436 63 372 rsquo +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ejsotildes nj Hazarjt Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ymiuj``alms 2 192 bull mlj``msm (IDZNAN SJA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 larda`udsa436Kgmtlad`iml

^j`f +9gt 64 62 29

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Yah Iar`ms nj` Va``jNdrjiidugraveh5 I Salugraveh y Iaea` 12 193gt2 bull Yah Iar`ms nj` Va``j (IDZNAN SJA)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsajsiva

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijsva``jKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 436 69 7

Iugravernmcabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Almr y [rmbrjsmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Emsauml Mrtjba y Bassjt 4 1gt bull Lmhtd``a (IUgraveSNMCA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 almryprmbrjsmKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 42 6gt 921 rsquo +9gt 616 13 gt3

bull Fratjrhdnan Jspigraverdta Emsauml BrmssmNdrjiidugraveh5 IAhtmhdm Laura 3 9micro N

1gt bull IugravernmcaImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 fratjrhdnanemsjbrmssmKblad`iml

Rjc5 wwwimrnmcajspdrdtajs ^j`f5 9gt 42 396 gt39 rsquo 9gt 42 73

Ds`as Ca`jarjsbull Ijhtrm Jspdrdta Jllahuj`Ndrjiidugraveh5 mlaacutes Abud`ugrave Fmrtjza 93 211bull [a`la nj La``mria (DYAY CAJASJY)

Rjc5 wwwijhtrmjspdrdtajllahuj`ndvu`baidmhmrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijhtrmjspdrdtajllahuj`Kgmtlad`iml

j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 421 376 174 rsquo +9gt 694 316 gtgt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ds`as Ca`jarjs (IJDC)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a ^rmcana gt7 a-c

211bull [a`la nj La``mria (DYAY CAJASJY)

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijdcKijdcjs

Rjc5 wwwijdcjs

^j`f5 +9gt 62 47 7gt

aumlrdnabull Assmidaidugrave Jspigraverdta Mtus d Haumlral (AJMH)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Bjrlaha Ljriccedil Yahtaiaha 19 39 bull eumlrrjba (AumlSDNA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mtusdhjralKblad`iml

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsmtusdhjral ^j`f5 9gt 429 911 324

Lanrdnbull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj LanrdnNdrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a Cm`sa 1gt - 1micro niga

3713 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwjspdrdtaslanrdniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtaslanrdnKtj`jfmhdiahjt

Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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99Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta Frahidsim nj Asigraves nj`a Ydjrra

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a Iantildeana Sja` 33 1micro C37gt Im``anm Vd``a`ca (LANSDN)

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 f rahidsimnjasdsnj`asdjrraKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 627 16 441

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Jhtrj j` Idj`m y `a djrraNdrjiidugraveh5 Avna nj Lanrdn 34 `mia` 3767 bull Yah Lartigraveh nj Va`njdb`jsdas (LANSDN)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsjhtrjj`idj`my`atdjrra

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mab`dmKarraodsjs ^j`f5 +9gt 627 662 319 rsquo +9gt 627 662 313

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ljhsaejrms nj `a uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lanjra 1 - Caem

37gt bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwitvjsZYJSYijlj`gmljgtl

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijlj`lanrdnKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 9gt 41 976 3 77 rsquo 9gt 41 91gt 7 17bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms y Ndvu`baidugraveh

Jspigraverdta (IJTNJ)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lmhtjra 1-13 3ordf [`ahta - Hmicro 9 3719 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwijynjlanrdnmrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5aurmravaziaca``jrmKgmtlad`iml

ijynjlanrdnKyagmmjs

^j`f5 9gt 41 37 gt 71 rsquo +9gt 672 446 79

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundm Jspigraverdta jugraveh NjhdsNdrjiidugraveh5 Cmhjtjrm 9 ljtrm [dm WDD 3716 bull Lanrdn

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 `jmhnjhdsijKblad`imlRjc5 www`jmhnjhdsjs - wwwc`mb`jmhnjhdsjs

Laacute`ababull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas A``ah OarnjiNdrjiidugraveh5 I Gaumlrmjs nj Ymstma 29 J-1micro

343 bull Laacute`abaRjc5 wwwjndtmrajspdrdtaa``ahoarnjijs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 a`cmrahjndtmraKmhmiml

^j`f5 9gt 43 397 67 rsquo +9gt 62 7 32

Luridabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Sjidhtm nj [az Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a [az1 1micro N ([atdntildem) 913 LuridaRjc5 wwwijrjidhtmnjpazjs

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijrjidhtmnjpazKrjidhtmnjpazjs

ldbuj`ldvjbaKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 664 96 14

[mhtjvjnrabull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta [az Arlmhigravea y Iardnan

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Sotildea [jhds 31 - 1micro Niga 9631 bull Vdbm ([MH^JVJNSA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijpazarlmhdalmryiardnanKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 +9gt 61 7gt 136

Yjvd``abull Asmidaidugraveh Ijhtrm nj Jstundms

Jspigraverdtas nj Yjvd``aNdrjiidugraveh5 [rmspjrdnan 9 rdaha gt11 bull Yjvd``a

Rjc5 wwwjspdrdtassjvd``ajsImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 bjhmvjvala``mKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 4gt 379 7 rsquo +9gt 6 gt71 794

bull Brupm Jspigraverdta Hujvm Alahjijr Emahha nj Ahbj`ds

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ndjbm [ujrta 1 Jsi 9gt 2 A gt14 bull Yjvd``aRjc5 wwwhujvmalahjijrjspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtashujvmalahjijrKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 + 9gt 62 44 462 - + 9gt 62 44 46

^arrabmhabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Emahha nj Ahbj`dsNdrjiidugraveh5 [ucd`` Mrdm` 33

gt931 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 422 9gt6 16gt rsquo +9gt 63 gt61 67gt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Lahuj` y Ndva`nmNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Vdjhtm gt93 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)Rjc5 wwwijlyniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ar`dhbbKyagmmjs ^j`f5 +9gt 676 gt4 2gt6

Va`jhida

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Va`jhida Gmbar FratjrhmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Vd``ahujva nj Iastj``ugraveh 33 gt64 bull Va`jhidaRjc5 wwwasjsvamrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 gmbarfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 469 3 46 7

IJH^SMY JY[IgraveSD^AY MHDHJbull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aNdrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat (uhjs Ldaumlrim`js y Eujvjs 33g9)

Rjc5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`jfmhm5 +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas ‐YdhFrmhtjrasldquo

Ndrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat(Nmldhbms 31g)

Rjc5 gttp5ijjsdhfrmhtjrasjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijjsdhfrmhtjrasKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta

Abjhna Irdstdaha - JNDIJD gt ₠

A`cmrana Irdstdaha (Ljndahm) gt ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrDD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

Aacuternua Asijhsdugraveh 13 ₠

Atjhidugraveh (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ialdhm Vjrnan y Vdna - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Iartd``a nj` Cdjh - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Iuahnm Sjbrjsj `a [rdlavjra (Hmrla`) 2 ₠

Iujhtms Jspdrdtdstas 4 ₠

Njsnj a Mtra Vdna gt ₠

Njspdjrtj y Yja Fj`dz - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` A`la js Dhlmrta` 7 ₠

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta 4 ₠

J` Idj`m y j` Dhfijrhm - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Jspigraverdtu nj `a Vjrnan - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` Jvahbj`dm Yjbotildeh j` Jspdrdtdslm -JNDIJD

1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Yjr Yucimhsidjhtj 6 ₠

Jh `m Dhvdsdc`j 7 ₠

Jh `ms Nmldhdms nj `a Ljndulhdnan -JNDIJD

4 ₠

Jhtrj `a djrra y j` Idj`m - JNDIJD 4 ₠Jspdrdtdslm Lmnjrhm OA DJ ODHB - FJJ ₠

Jspdrdtdslm y Jim`mbigravea - JNDIJD 7 ₠

B`msardm Jspigraverdta (Cm`sd``m) 6 ₠

Buigravea [raacuteitdia nj` Jspdrdtdsta - FJJ ₠

Gdphmtdslm y Jspdrdtdslm 7 ₠

Ejsotildes jh j` Gmbar - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Eustdida Ndvdha - JNDIJD 7 ₠

a Baumlhjsds - JNDIJD 1 ₠

a Vdna jh Fald`da gt ₠

dcjraidugraveh - JNDIJD 4 ₠

as Vdnas Yuijsdvas 4 ₠

ms Ljhsaejrms - JNDIJD 7 ₠

ms Lujrtms Ydbujh Vdvdjhnm 6 ₠

Lahms Zhdnas (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljndtaidmhjs (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljlmrdas nj` [anrj Bjrlaacuteh 2 ₠

Ljhsaej nj uh Anm`jsijhtj njsnj j`Luhnm Jspdrdtua` - JNDIJD ₠

Ldsdmhjrms nj `a uz - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Lujrtj js Vdna 6 ₠

Hujstrm Gmbar - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Mcrjrms nj `a Vdna Jtjrha - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[ah Hujstrm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[jhsaldjhtm y Vdna - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Sj`dbdugraveh nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 177 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 174 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Yjntildea` Vjrnj gt ₠

Yjxm y Njstdhm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Ydjlcra nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Yuc`dlj Jxpdaidugraveh - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Vdna Fj`dz - JNDIJD 2 ₠

Lm`njahnm j` ^jrijr Ld`jhdm - Vdna yMcra nj Ndva`nm [ Frahim

1 ₠

Vdna y Yjxm - JNDIJD 6 ₠

T `a Vdna Imhtdhotildeahellip JNDIJD 7 ₠

dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ

Ugraverbahm jndtmrda` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a sdh aacutehdlm nj `uirm quj rjdhvdjrtj jh j` prmpdm

`dcrm jspigraverdta Yj gaijh jhvigravems imhtra rjjlcm`sm Gaba su pjndnm prjfjrdc`jljhtj pmr imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim adhfmKjspdrdtdslmii m pmr tj`aumlfmhm5 636 911 771

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Vdna ahtjs nj `a Vdna

Jhtrjvdsta a Iar`msSmcjrtm Ialpjttd

Jhfjrljnanjs nj` a`la[aacutebdha 1gt

Jvdnjhidas Idjhtigravefiias a favmr nj`a Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna [aacutebdha 3

[`ahjaldjhtm rjjhiarhatmrdm[aacutebdha 13

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐ms Gdems nj` Ayjrldquo

[aacutebdha 37

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 3bull Jndidugraveh Mitucrj 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

1 antildems nj J` `dcrm nj `ms laumlnduls

Jhtrjvdsta a` LaumlndulNdva`nm Frahim

Ljndulhdnan nj jfjitms figravesdims[aacutebdha 1gt

^rahsimluhdiaidugraveh dhstruljhta`[aacutebdha 3

Fmrlaidugraveh nj` Laumlndul[aacutebdha 13

Jspdrdtdslm jh a dtjratura

[aacutebdha 37

frac12Ejsotildes jra laumlndul=[aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 1bull Jndidugraveh Eu`dm 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Jspdrdtdslm imlm fi`msmfigravea nj vdna

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm57bull Jndidugravehacrd`31gtbull [rjidm59

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm52bull JndidugravehMitucrj 319bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

ms Ijhtrms jspdrdtdstas njcjh sjr`a iaacutetjnra nj` Jspigraverdtu nj Vjrnan

QZAuml JY J JY[DSD^DYLM=

DH^SMNZIIDUgraveHA IMHMIDLDJH^M NJ LZHNM DHVDYDCJ

[MS AY LAHDFJY^AIDMHJY NJ MY JY[IgraveSD^ZY

Imhtdjhj j` rjsuljh nj ms prdhidpdms nj a nmitrdha jspdrdtdsta y as rjs-pujstas a as prdhidpa`js mcejidmhjs

pmr

A``ah - Oarnjiautmr nj` dcrm nj ms jspigraverdtus y nj` dcrm nj ms Ljnduls

JNDIDUgraveH JIMHUgraveLDIA

[rjidm 3 rja`js

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh Jspantildea

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm56bull JndidugravehEu`dm319bull[rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5bull JndidugravehLarzm319bull [rjidm59₠

nj a FJJ

Jspdrdtdslm jh j` luhnm[aacutebdha 37

[rjiursmrjs nj` Jspdrdtdslm[aacutebdha 6

Artgur Imhah Nmy`j[aacutebdha 32

Idjhtigravefiims jspigraverdtas nj`sdb`m WDW [aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a rjvj`aidugraveh jspigraverdtay A``ah Oarnji [aacutebdha 17

a SjvujYpdrdtj [aacutebdha 3

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

a Vdna jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

[sdim`mbigravea jh j` laacutes a``aacute[aacutebdha 1gt

Aacutehbj`js BuarndahjsJspigraverdtus [rm-tjitmrjsFald`darjs y Ydlpaacutetdims

[aacutebdha 32[jrdjspigraverdtu

[aacutebdha 33

ms Yujntildems Jspdrdtua`js[aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐HMYYM ASldquo

Jhtrjvdsta aYahtdaba Hmbujrm [aacutebdha 1

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5gtbull JndidugravehYjptdjlcrj 313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

^rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

a vdna jtjrha[aacutebdha 1

^rahsdidugraveh p`ahjtarda[aacutebdha 37

[`ura`dnan nj luhnms gacdtanms[aacutebdha 39

Jvm`uidugraveh gdstugraverdia nj` pjhsaldjh-tm jspdrdtua` [aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Jhtrjvdsta

Cdmbrafigravea

a Larigravea nj `aBraida nj Jh-

njr [aacutebdha 12

aumlmh Njhds[aacutebdha 7

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm59bull JndidugravehLarzm313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

[jtdidugraveh nj hotildeljrms ahtjrdmrjs5

H 1 rsquo 1 Antildems nj` ‐dcrm nj`ms Laumlndulsldquo

H 3 rsquo Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna

H 9 rsquo rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

H gt rsquo a Vdna jh j` luhnmjspdrdtua`

H rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

H 6 rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslmjh Jspantildea

H 2 rsquo J` Ijhtrm Jspdrdta

H 7 rsquo J` Jspdrdtdslm imlmfi`msmfigravea nj vdna

pjndnmsrjvdstafjjKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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DHFMSLAIDUgraveH T SJYJSVAY5

YJISJ^ASIgraveA AumlIHDIAMSBAHDUA

IMHFJSJHIDAY

T YJLDHASDMY

bull J` Luhnm Dhvdsdc`j

bull Sjbrjsm a `a vdna jspdrdtua`

bull J` laacutes a``aacute nj` sudidna

bull a lotildesdia jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

jqud`dcrdm para j` a`la

bull Jspigraverdtus y su gdstmrda jh `a gulahd-

nan

bull ^jrapda nj` almr

bull Imluhdiaidugraveh imh `ms jspigraverdtus5

ldtms y vjrnanjs

bull Njsvj`ahnm `m dhvdsdc`j (prujcas idjhtigrave-

fiias fi`msugravefiias j gdstugraverdias)

I d ` n d d dc`

a partdidpaidugraveh a jstj jvjhtm jstaacute acdjrta a tmnas aquj``as pjrsmhas dhtjrjsanas

IMHFJSJHIDAH^JY

Ndva`nm [ Frahim - A`frjnm A`mhsm nj `a Fujhtj - A`frjnm

^acujntildea - Vditmr Suahm - Iar`ms Ialpjttd - Euah Ldbuj`

Fjrhaacutehnjz - Eahaigraveha Ldhj``d - Iarljh Iarnmha - Ldbuj`

Vjra - M`ba Mrtdz

6 2 y 7 Ndidjlcrj 31gt

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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1 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull BAumlHJYDY [AHJ^ASDM

vm`iahjs `as brdjtas fmrlanas pmr `ms tjlc`mrjs nj tdjrrashm njeah nuna nj su dhtjrdmr igravebhjm nj jsj lmnm rjsu`ta`ugravebdim quj su jstanm pastmsm mrdbdhardm njcj gacjr tjhdnmimlm iausa prdlmrnda` j` ia`mr y hm j` abua [mr `m tahtmjh su mrdbjh `a ^djrra fuj uha lasa dhiahnjsijhtj quj aimhsjiujhida nj a randaidugraveh ia`ugraverdia sj jhfrdugrave nj fujra gaidanjhtrm fmrlahnm uha imrtjza jh su supjrfiidj ldjhtras sudhtjrdmr pjrlahjij ffiudnm

^mnm jh j` prdhidpdm js imhfusdugraveh jh uha aparjhtjsdtuaidugraveh iaugravetdia nmhnj `as jhjrbigraveas sj jhfrigraveah luy`jhtaljhtj Njsnj `a fmrlaidugraveh tjrrjha `ms aacutetmlms smh`ms ldslms hd uhm laacutes hd uhm ljhms pjrm a imhsjiujhida

nj` jhfrdaldjhtm sj fmrlarmh hujvas imlcdhaidmhjs ^mnmsaquj``ms j`jljhtms susijptdc`js nj vm`atd`dzarsj pasarmha jstanm basjmsm a njhsdnan nj tmnms jsms basjs jhsuspjhsdugraveh imhfjrigravea uha mpaidnan ta` quj hm pjhjtraca `a`uz nj` sm` sdjhnm dhiapaz nj mfrjijr ialpm faumlrtd` a `a vdna

J` prdljr jfjitm nj` jhfrdaldjhtm y prmnuitm ndrjitmnj `a sm`dndfiiaidugraveh nj `a supjrfiidj jxtjrdmr quj iaraitjrdzaj` pjrigravemnm prdlardm fuj `a fmrlaidugraveh nj` brahdtm Jsaimhnjhsaidugraveh nj `ms ljta`js fmrlugrave `a imstra sm`dndfiiananj` b`mcm quj iucrj partj nj `a supjrfiidj p`ahjtarda y jsimhsdnjrana j` jsquj`jtm tjrrjhm

J` sjbuhnm jfjitm fuj `a `diujfaiidugraveh nj `ms vapmrjs quj

sj prjidpdtarmh smcrj j` suj`m Yj prmnuejrmh `uvdas nj ljta`jsquj iausarmh fisuras vjtas y fi`mhjs jh j` brahdtm iausahnmnjsimlpmsdidmhjs suijsdvas Idi`ms dhdhtjrrulpdnms njprjidpdtaidmhjs y jvapmraidmhjs prmpdidarmh `a caeana nj `a

tjlpjratura Ahaacuterqudia ljzi`a nj j`jljhtms iaraitjr dzugravejsj pjrigravemnm prdlardm nmhnj imlm ya sj jxp`diugrave hdhbotildeh sjrvdvm punm jxdstdr

Jh j` pjrigravemnm nj trahsdidugraveh j` pjqujntildem jspjsmr nj`a imrtjza brahigravetdia prmpmridmhaca uha naumlcd` rjsdstjhidaAcuhnahtjs nd`ataidmhjs y njsp`azaldjhtms pjrldtdjrmhquj `a `ava dhtjrdmr sj trahscmrnara J` adrj fuj `dcjrahnm`as latjrdas laacutes pjsanas pmr prjidpdtaidugraveh sdjhnm aumlstas

arrastranas y ndsuj`tas jh j` abua quj pmsjigravea pmiaprmfuhndnan y iucrigravea iasd tmna `a supjrfiidj

Jh jsj tdjlpm `ms jhtjs cdm`ugravebdims tmnavigravea hm jxdstigraveah

nj lmnm quj aumlstms gah tjhdnm aquigrave uh imldjhzm ms sjrjsvdvms jstaacuteh suejtms a dhhuljrac`js vdidsdtunjs uha irjaidugravehjhtjra pmnrigravea qujnar imlprmljtdna nurahtj su jvm`uidugravehpmr iua`qudjr faitmr anvjrsm `m quj rjfujrza `a prjvdsdugraveh njNdms y sus arqudtjitms a` irjar rjspjtahnm j` prmijsm njjvm`uidugraveh hatura` `a p`ura`dnan nj `ms faitmrjs cdugravetdims

ms iatai`dslms tuvdjrmh `ubar njsnj j` mrdbjh nj `a^djrra lmndfiiahnm `as imhndidmhjs para `a imhsjrvaidugravehnj `a vdna j gdidjrmh njsaparjijr bjhjraidmhjs jhtjras njsjrjs vdvms Js luy dlpmr tahtj tjhjr jh iujhta quj njhtrmnj jstms idi`ms pjrdugravendims jxdstjh sucpjrigravemnms hm mcstahtj`as jras hmrla`ljhtj jstundanas smh `as quj prjsjhtah uha

a`tjraidugraveh laacutes njstaiac`jJh jsj pjrigravemnm imljhzarmh a fmrlarsj `ms jxtraitms

nj tjrrjhms sjndljhtardms pmr j` arrastrj nj `as abuasiarbanas nj `dlm y latjrda`js ndvjrsms anjiuanms a `a vdnamrbaacutehdia Aparjidjrmh `ms prdljrms sjrjs vdvms nj` rjdhmvjbjta` nj mrbahdzaidugraveh rundljhtarda `ms `igravequjhjs lusbmssjtas gj`jigms y p`ahtas gjrcaacuteijas a `a par quj `ms ahdla`jsnj mrbahdzaidugraveh pmim imlp`jea Jstms sjrjs jxi`usdvaljhtjlardhms smh imhmidnms imlm zmugravefitms randanms pm`igravepjrmslaacutes tarnj aparjidjrmh `ms irustaacuteijms y `ms pjijs

J` bas iarcugravehdim njcdnm a su brah iahtdnan fuj uha nj`as otilde`tdlas sustahidas quj j` adrj purdfiiugrave Jsj bas asmidanm

imh `a aiidugraveh nj` ia`mr y `a guljnan prmpdidugrave j` alcdjhtjdnugravehjm a` surbdldjhtm nj `as p`ahtas iucrdjhnm raacutepdnaljhtj`a supjrfiidj imh vjbjtaidugraveh acuhnahtj y jxucjrahtj a`

tdjlpm quj `as p`ahtas aiuaacutetdias talcdaumlh sj lu`tdp`diarmhA imhsjiujhida nj` njsp`azaldjhtm nj` abua quj sjbuigraveasu idi`m hatura` `ms tjrrjhms fujrmh dhuhnanms y iucdjrtmspmr sjndljhtms nj ta` lmnm quj vardas bjhjraidmhjsa`tjrhanaljhtj jstuvdjrmh smljtdnas a sjquigravea y rjpmc`aidugravehahdqud`anms y rjhmvanms nj fmrla iigravei`dia

Jh j` pjrigravemnm sjiuhnardm `a vjbjtaidugraveh im`msa` y `msahdla`js njsaparjijh njcdnm a `ms iatai`dslms y a` ialcdmnj imhndidmhjs atlmsfaumlrdias iaraitjrdzanms pmr brahnjs

`jvahtaldjhtms y jrupidmhjs vm`iaacutehdias Jh jsa aumlpmia `avjbjtaidugraveh irjij njspaidm pmr `a ndsldhuidugraveh nj` ia`mry `a guljnan ms ahdla`js smh tmnavigravea aiuaacutetdims surbjh

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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11BAumlHJYDY [AHJ^ASDM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

`ms ahficdms y sj njstaia jh jsa jra `a apardidugraveh nj brahnjsrjptd`js Jh jsj pjrigravemnm `a vdna ahdla` a`iahzugrave uh jhmrljnjsarrm``m imlm gacigravea miurrdnm imh `a vjbjtaidugraveh jh j`pjrigravemnm ahtjrdmr J` adrj laacutes purdfiianm pjrldtdugrave quj `msahdla`js vdvdjsjh smcrj `a ^djrra Njsaparjijh `ms ahdla`jsaiuaacutetdims bdbahtjsims sustdtudnms pmr ahdla`js ahaacute`mbms pjrmlaacutes prmpmridmhanms y nj talantildem laacutes rjnuidnm

Jh j` pjrigravemnm tjridardm j` jstanm alcdjhta` ialcdahujvaljhtj prmpdidahnm imhndidmhjs nj vdta`dnan quj sjaprmxdlah a` jstanm aitua` aparjidjhnm hujvas jspjidjs imhmrbahdzaidugraveh laacutes pjrfjita y quj sj anaptah a `a hatura`jzanj` ljndm nmhnj smh ``alanms a vdvdr Agmra `a jhvm`tura

nj `a imstra tjrrjstrj tdjhj laymr jspjsmr prmpmridmhahnmuha imhsdnjrac`j rjsdstjhida a `a aiidugraveh nj` fujbm dhtjrdmrNj fmrla hm sdlu`taacutehja sj fmrlarmh `ms pdims y ianjhasnj lmhtantildeas `m quj miasdmhugrave quj `a supjrfiidj nj` suj`m sjvm`vdjra njsdbua` y quj `as abuas fujrah jlpueanas a zmhasdhfjrdmrjs trahsfmrlahnm j` aspjitm nj` b`mcm

J` pjrigravemnm nd`uvdahm jstaacute larianm pmr j` laymriatai`dslm nj` p`ahjta pmr tmnas partjs qujnah sjntildea`jsnj ta`js imhvu`sdmhjs as abuas dhvandjrmh `ms imhtdhjhtjslmndfiiahnm randia`ljhtj j` pahmrala gasta jhtmhijsjxdstjhtj y `ms pm`ms imljhzarmh a iucrdrsj nj gdj`mfmrlahnm `ms b`aidarjs `m iua` apuhta a quj gucm uhsdbhdfiiatdvm ialcdm nj tjlpjratura b`mca` ^mnms `msga``azbms idjhtigravefiims ``jvah a pjhsar quj jsj ialcdm fujcrusim

Zha vjz rjstac`jidnm j` jqud`dcrdm `ms ahdla`js y `msvjbjta`js rjtmlarmh su iursm jvm`utdvm Zha atlugravesfjra laacutes`dlpda nj basjs pjrldtdugrave quj `ms rayms nj` Ym` `a atravjsasjhJ` suj`m lmstrugrave hujvaljhtj uhas imhndidmhjs favmrac js yjstac`js a` njsarrm``m nj a vdna mrbahdzana smcrj a supjrfiidja ^djrra sj pmc`aca imh ahdla`js laacutes smidac`js y ljhmsfjrmijs `ms vjbjta`js prmpdidacah uha a`dljhtaidugraveh laacutessuavj y `dbjra Fuj sm`aljhtj jhtmhijs iuahnm tmnms `msfaitmrjs alcdjhta`js rjsu`tarmh anjiuanms para `a apardidugravehnj` gmlcrj smcrj j` mrcj

Hm gacigravea imhndidmhjs nj vdta`dnan para j` gmlcrj jh`ms pjrigravemnms ahtjrdmrjs sdh jlcarbm gay njsiucrdldjhtmsrjidjhtjs quj parjijh imhfirlar quj a`botildeh jspaumlidljh

jxdstigravea ahtjs nj` pjrigravemnm nd`uvdahm pjrm `m idjrtm js qujsu prm`dfjraidugraveh smcrj `a ^djrra imljhzugrave a jscmzarsj imhalp`dtun jh j` pjrigravemnm pmsnd`uvdahm Jh a Baumlhjsds sj pujnjjhimhtrar5 laquoJsj pjrigravemnm (pmsnd`uvdahm) pujnj iaraitjrdzarsjpmr `a prjsjhida nj` gmlcrj jh `a ^djrraiquest Yubjrdlms `a`jitura nj` iapigravetu`m W nj` ldslm `dcrm nmhnj sj jxp`dia `afmrlaidugraveh dhdida` nj `ms sjrjs vdvms bjhjraidugraveh jspmhtaacutehjajsia`a nj `ms sjrjs mrbaacutehdims y j` gmlcrj imrpmra`

Ld``arjs nj antildems smh dlprjsidhndc`js para quj ianafasj pjrsdba su jstacd`dnan smh hjijsardas rjvm`uidmhjsbjhjra`js y parida`js nj` b`mcm para a`iahzar j` aspjitmaitua` prmpdidahnm nj jsj lmnm `ms alcdjhtjs rjqujrdnms a

`a jvm`uidugraveh nj `a vdna mnms `ms pjrigravemnms fujrmh hjijsardmspara quj `ms sjrjs vdvms jvm`uidmhasjh sdjhnm j` sjr gulahmj` aacutepdij nj jsj njsarrm``m

a ^djrra fuj prjparana para quj j` gmlcrj tuvdjra`as ljemrjs imhndidmhjs nj supjrvdvjhida iuahnm ``jbara j`lmljhtm nj miupar tjlpmra`ljhtj jstj p`ahjta para a

travaumls nj `a jhiarhaidugraveh jejrijr sus faiu`tanjs nj jspigraverdtudhlmrta` Iuahnm vuj`va a` luhnm jspdrdtua` nj nmhnj jsmrdbdhardm j` jspigraverdtu pmnraacute miupar nj aiujrnm a su hdvj`jvm`utdvm mtrms luhnms talcdaumlh prjparanms para sunjsarrm``m nmhnj sjbudraacute su fmrlaidugraveh

Ld``arjs nj antildems smh dlprjsidhndc`js paraquj iana fasj pjrsdba su jstacd`dnan smhhjijsardas rjvm`uidmhjs bjhjra`js y parida`jsnj` b`mcm para a`iahzar j` aspjitm aitua`prmpdidahnm nj jsj lmnm `ms alcdjhtjsrjqujrdnms a `a jvm`uidugraveh nj `a vdna

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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13 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull A JVMZIDMH AHIgraveLDIA

A JVMZIDMH AHIgraveLDIA

Dhbjhdjrm Dhnustrda` Ndvu`banmr jspigraverdta y rjnaitmr nj` pjrdugravendim J` Aacutehbj`nj` Cdjh puc`dianm pmr j` I J ‐Jhtrj j` Idj`m y a djrraldquo nj Yah Lartigravehnj Va`njdb`jsdas (Lanrdn)

Emsauml Dbhaidm Lmnaldm

Hana pjrlahjij jstaidmhardm jh `a Hatura`jza tmnm jvm`uidmha jh iulp`dldjhtm nj `a jy nj [rmbrjsma travaumls nj `a rjjhiarhaidugraveh y nj `ms ljiahdslms njanaptaidugraveh y gjrjhida Jh iana jhiarhaidugraveh dhtjbralms`a gjrjhida figravesdim-dhstdhtdva nj hujstrms panrjs imh `agjrjhida nj hujstras imhqudstas fisdmpsdimsmlaacutetdias njjxdstjhidas pasanas dhtjbranas jh hujstrm pjrdjspigraverdtupjrldtdaumlhnmhms njsarrm``ar hujvas iapaidnanjs yiaraitjrigravestdias dha`iahzac`js gasta jsj lmljhtm

a jxpjrdjhida jh tmnas `as jtapas nj `a jvm`uidugraveh

js j` lmtmr quj j`acmra `a aitdvdnan rjffijea (j` rjffijem)quj prjijnjraacute a` dhstdhtm (autmlatdzaidugraveh) quj a su vjzprjijnjraacute a `a aitdvdnan rjffijxdva quj sjraacute `a casj nj `adhtj`dbjhida jh su ialdhm gaida `a imhidjhida nj sigrave ldslm y`a rjspmhsacd`dnan lmra`

Bacrdj` Nj`ahhj jh su `dcrm a jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldia hmsndij5 laquo mnms ms ialcdms quj sj mcsjrvah jh a Hatura`jzahm tdjhjh sdhm uh mcejtm5 j` prmbrjsm nj` Jspigraverdtuiquest J`jstundm nj a jy nj [rmbrjsm hms pjrldtj imhi`udr quj hanamiurrj jh `a Hatura`jza pmr iasua`dnan Iana anaptaidugravehsj prmyjita jh j` p`ahm jxtra-figravesdim para iulp`drsj jh j`p`ahm figravesdim jh iulp`dldjhtm nj `a jy Hatura` para j` cdjh

nj tmnas `as irdaturas jh vdrtun nj `a brah jy nj Zhdnanquj rdbj `a Irjaidugraveh^mnm jvm`uidmha jh `a Irjaidugraveh tahtm `m

pjrtjhjidjhtj a` aacutelcdtm nj `a latjrda prmvjhdjhtj pmr tahtm nj` [rdhidpdm Latjr da` m F`udnm Iugravesldim Zhdvjrsa`imlm `m pjrtjhjidjhtj a` aacutelcdtm jspdrdtua` prmvjhdjhtjnj` [rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj quj ahdla tmnm `m irjanm J`[rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj js `a jxprjsdugraveh nj `a atraiidugraveh jh j`ldhjra` a sjhsaidugraveh jh `m vjbjta` j` dhstdhtm jh j` ahdla` j`razmhaldjhtm jh j` gmlcrj y `m ndvdhm jh j` jspigraverdtu purm(vjr apar tanm ‐Autmlatdslm y gjrjhidaldquo jh `dcrm Jvm`uidugravehjh nms luhnms Igdim Wavdjr) Ndigm nj mtrm lmnm5 j`[rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj jh j` vjbjta` aprjhnj a njsarrm``ar `msdhstdhtms Jh j` ahdla` ya imh `ms dhstdhtms njsarrm``anmsprmbrjsa njsarrm``ahnm `a dhtj`dbjhida Jh j` gmlcrj njdhtj`dbjhida njspdjrta su prmbrjsm prdhidpa` sj njsarrm``araacute

jh j` ialpm nj` sjhtdldjhtm T jh j` sjr supjrdmr im`lanmnj sjhtdldjhtms suc`dljs imhtdhuaraacute su njsarrm``m gaida`igraveldtjs dhsmspjiganms nj imhidjhida jspdrdtua` a`iahzahnm`ms p`ahms supjrdmrjs nj `a Irjaidugraveh jh uhdugraveh imh Ndms

a mcsjrvaidugraveh hms njlujstra quj nj` ldslm lmnmquj j` dhstdhtm jh j` ahdla` js nj `a ldsla hatura`jza qujjh j` gmlcrj su dhtj`dbjhida y sjhtdldjhtm talcdaumlh `m smhy varigraveah sugrave`m jh j` branm nj njsarrm``m Bacrdj` Nj`ahhjjh su `dcrm a jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldia ndij5 laquo`a hatura`jzapjhsahtj nj uhm y nj` mtrm js nj` ldslm mrnjh y hm

ndfijrjh jh jsjhida sdhm jh branm nj lahdfjstaidugraveh y jstmjs prjidsaljhtj `m quj jvdnjhidah idjrtas faiu`tanjs nj`ms ahdla`js ta`js imlm `a atjhidugraveh j` eudidm j` raidmidhdm`a asmidaidugraveh nj dnjas `a ljlmrda y `a dlabdhaidugravehiquest (paacuteb4) Anjlaacutes njlujstra talcdaumlh laquoquj `ms sjhtdldjhtmslmra`js ta`js imlm j` rjlmrndldjhtm j` sjhtdnm lmra``a hmidugraveh nj `m eustm y nj `m dheustm jtiaumltjra sj ga``ah jhbjrljh jh tmnms `ms ahdla`jsiquest (paacuteb 2)

Jh `a dhfahida gulaha m rjjhiarhaidmhjs prdldtdvasnj` gmlcrj hms lmvjlms laacutes pmr dhstdhtms prmvjhdjhtjsnj `as jtapas nj `a ahdla`dnan ahtjrdmr quj pmr imlp`jtadhtj`dbjhida Ymh pjrdmnms prdldtdvms nmhnj j` gmlcrj

aparjhta jstar tmnavigravea laacutes ijria nj `a ahdla`dnan quj njsu vjrnanjra pmsdidugraveh jh `a gulahdnanms dhstdhtms casanms tmnms j``ms jh `a jy Hatura`

huhia sj jqudvmiah pjrm imh j` njsarrm``m nj `adhtj`dbjhida njrdvah imlotildehljhtj a` prdhidpdm jh pasdmhjsa travaumls nj` acusm pmr jbmigraveslm imhsjiujhida nj` dhstdhtmnj imhsjrvaidugraveh Vah ijndjhnm su dhffiujhida imhfmrljsj njsarrm``ah `ms sjhtdldjhtms y pmr j``m `a hatura`jzadlprdlj ya jh j` ahdla` j` sjhtdldjhtm nj` almr caemsus fmrlas laacutes guld`njs y rundljhtardas a travaumls nj `alatjrhdnan

Jh hujstrm jstanm aitua` jvm`utdvm tmnavigravea hm

ndspmhjlms nj iapaidnan hd imhmidldjhtms sufiidjhtjs paraimlprjhnjr j` prmijsm nj irjaidugraveh nj `ms jspigraverdtus Ydhjlcarbm j` jstundm y a mcsjrvaidugraveh nj as jyjs Hatura`js

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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19A JVMZIDMH AHIgraveLDIA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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pmr j` iua` sj vuj`vj dhndvdsdc`j gasta a`iahzar j` rjdhmgmldha` rjidcdjhnm `a igdspa ndvdha m [rdhidpdm Ndvdhm (vjriapigravetu`m DDD nj Jvm`uidugraveh jh nms luhnms nj Igdim Wavdjr)jlpjzahnm uha hujva jtapa nmhnj sjraacute rjspmhsac`j njsus aiidmhjs imlm imhsjiujhida nj `a anqudsdidugraveh nj` `dcrja`cjnrigravem j` sjhtdnm lmra` `a imhidjhida nj sigrave ldslm y njsu pasanm jh cusia nj `as faiu`tanjs jspdrdtua`js quj `jgacd`dtjh para `a imhqudsta nj` prugravexdlm rjdhm j` ahbauml`dim

ms jspigraverdtus smh irjanms sdlp`js j dbhmrahtjs `mquj sdbhdfiia quj a` prdhidpdm tmnms smlms iarjhtjs njimhmidldjhtms y tjhjlms dnaumlhtdia aptdtun para prmbrjsarljndahtj hujstra aitdvdnan dhndvdnua` Hm rjidcdlms pmr

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tmnas sus irdaturas a travaumls nj `a brah jy nj Zhdnan qujrdbj j` Zhdvjrsm nmhnj hm sj njsprjida j` jsfujrzm nj `alaacutes ligravehdla nj j``as jh su `uiga pmr a`iahzar su njstdhm`a pjrfjiidugraveh nj` Jspigraverdtu euhtm a Ndms Nj jsta fmrla j`Cdjh acsm`utm sj pujnj njfihdr pmr j` iulp`dldjhtm nj `as

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Cdc`dmbrafigravea

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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1gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AY JY[JIDJY NJYNJ J [ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A

JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AYJY[JIDJY NJYNJ J

[ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A

Imljrida` Js ldjlcrm fuhnanmr nj` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta ‐A``ah Oarnjildquo njLaacute`aba njsnj gaij 14 antildems Ga partdidpanm imh a`buhas pmhjhidas jhjvjhtms jspdrdtas Safaj` Ardas

A``ah Oarnji jh J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus hms ndij quj

`ms sjrjs mrbaacutehdims tdjhjh jh sigrave uha fujrza igravehtdla qujprmnuij j` fjhugraveljhm nj `a vdna ldjhtras quj jsa fujrzajxdstj quj `a vdna latjrda` js imlotildeh a tmnms `ms sjrjsmrbaacutehdims y quj j``a js dhnjpjhndjhtj nj `a dhtj`dbjhiday nj` pjhsaldjhtm quj `a dhtj`dbjhida y j` pjhsaldjhtmsmh faiu`tanjs prmpdas nj idjrtas jspjidjs mrbaacutehdias y qujjhtrj `as jspjidjs mrbaacutehdias nmtanas nj dhtj`dbjhida y njpjhsaldjhtm gay uha nmtana nj uh sjhtdnm lmra` jspjida`quj `j na dhimhtjstac`j supjrdmrdnan smcrj `as mtras js `ajspjidj gulaha a prjbuhta gt nj J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus hms ndij5 laquotmnm sj jhianjha jh `a hatura`jza njsnj j`aacutetmlm a` ariaacutehbj` quj a su vjz talcdaumlh imljhzugrave jh j`aacutetmlmiquest

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pmrtanmrjs nj ugraverbahms jspjida`js para `a jejiuidugraveh nj`ms ndfjrjhtjs aitms nj `a vdna ugraverbahms aprmpdanms a `ashjijsdnanjs quj `a imhsjrvaidugraveh prmpda `js dlpmhj Jhjsa i`asj jstaacuteh imlprjhndnms `ms gmlcrjs `ms ahdla`js y`as p`ahtas

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latjrda smh dhnjpjhndjhtjs pujs uh iujrpm pujnj vdvdr sdhdhtj`dbjhida pjrm aumlsta sugrave`m pujnj lahdfjstarsj pmr ljndmnj `ms ugraverbahms latjrda`js y js hjijsarda `a uhdugraveh imh j`

jspigraverdtu para nar dhtj`dbjhida a `a latjr da ahdla`dzanaiquest

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Sjdhm ldhjra`

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nj `a latjrda sj pujnj njidr quj ya jxdstj j` prdhidpdmrjjhiarhatmrdm jh aiidugraveh

Dhtjrljndaidugraveh nj` rjdhm ldhjra` imh j` vjbjta`

Yjbotildeh Jllahuj` j` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj sj jhimhtracajh `ms irdsta`js imlp`jtahnm su fasj nj dhndvdnua`dzaidugravehjh j` `arbuigravesdlm prmijsm nj autmfieaidugraveh jhsayahnm pmim apmim `ms prdljrms lmvdldjhtms dhtjrhms nj mrbahdzaidugravehy irjidldjhtm vm`ulaumltrdim ms vdrus tdjhjh uha jstruiturafmrlana pmr uh aacuteidnm hui`jdim (m ANH m ASH) y prmtjigravehaspmr `m quj hjijsdtah aprmpdarsj nj `ms ljiahdslms nj uhaiauml`u`a aejha para rjprmnuidrsj y vdvdr ms vdrus tdjhjh uhaiaraitjrigravestdia ldhjra` Nj jstj lmnm `a otildehdia jspjidj quj

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laquo^mnm sj jhianjha jh `a hatura`jza njsnj j` aacutetmlm a` ariaacutehbj` quj a su vjz talcdaumlh

imljhzugrave jh j` aacutetmlmiquest (A Oarnji)

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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1JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AY JY[JIDJY NJYNJ J [ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

Bacrdj` Nj`ahhj jh `a mcra a jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldia hmsdhfmrla aijria nj quj j` irdsta` js iasd uh sjr vdvdjhtjHatura`ljhtj hm sj hms miurrj pjhsar jh uha dhtj`dbjhidaprmpda nj a latjrda auhquj j` idjhtigravefiim Ejah Jld`j Igarmhndem quj j` imlpmr taldjhtm nj `as par tigraveiu`as dhtjratugraveldiasrjvj`a vdna dhidpdjhtj Nj `m quj pundlms aprjhnjr imh

`ms idtanms autmrjs sj pmnrigravea njnuidr quj j` prdhidpdmdhtj`dbjhtj sj jejridta jh j` rjdhm ldhjra` jxpjrdljhtahnmjxaitaljhtj iaraitjrigravestdias imlm `a imlcdhaidugraveh quigraveldianj `ms j`jljhtms caacutesdims `a jstruitura irdsta`dha jh qujjsa imlcdhaidugraveh js anqudrdna y `as trahsfmrlaidmhjs quj `ahatura`jza y j` gmlcrj jejrijh smcrj jsj rjsu`tanm Jstarigraveanj jsa fmrla prjparaacutehnmsj para imhtdhuar su emrhana jhj` rjdhm vjbjta` tjrrjstrj

Irjjr quj `ms ldhjra`js hm jvm`uidmhah pmr `m qujpmnjlms vjr jh `ms jxdstjhtjs jh hujstrm p`ahjta jsdbhmrar `a imhstdtuidugraveh nj `ms luhnms jh `as ndfjrjhtjsjtapas jvm`utdvas J` gjigm nj quj `ms ldhjra`js hm

pmsjah vdna hm sdbhdfiia quj hm jvm`uidmhjh pujs sd jsmhm miurrdjsj hm jxdstdrigraveah ldhjra`js laacutes sutd`js jh `msluhnms laacutes jvm`uidmhanms

Sjdhm vjbjta`

ms j`jljhtms nj` rjdhm vjbjta` jstaacuteh nmtanms njvdta`dnan tdjhjh dhstdhtm nj imhsjrvaidugraveh caacutesdim vdnamrbaacutehdia hm pdjhsah hm tdjhjh vm`uhtan hd imhidjhidanj sigrave ldslms Yu iaraitjrigravestdia caacutesdia js `a sjhsaidugraveh Jhj` rjdhm vjbjta` j` dhstdhtm sj dhdida j` jspigraverdtu sujntildea y `adhtj`dbjhida js hu`a as p`ahtas smh `ms otildehdims sjrjs vdvmshm ldirmsiugravepdims quj tdjhjh `a iapaidnan nj bjhjrar suprmpdm a`dljhtm ^mnms `ms sjrjs vdvms hjijsdtah ``jvar a

iacm idjrtms prmijsms quj `js pjrldtjh mctjhjr mxigravebjhmy hutrdjhtjs j`dldhar sustahidas m rj`aidmharsj imh sualcdjhtj as p`ahtas dbua` quj ms ahdla`js tdjhjh ugraverbahmsquj iulp`jh jsas fuhidmhjs J` prdhidpdm jspdrdtua` pasajhtmhijs a vdvjhidar `as jxpjrdjhidas jh `ms vjbjta`js laacutesimlp`jems ljemr jstruituranms Agigrave tjhnraacute quj anqudrdr`a iapaidnan nj rjaiidmhar ahtj iua`qudjr ialcdm jxtjrdmry pmstjrdmrljhtj `a faiu`tan nj sjhtdr iaptar y rjbdstrar`as a`tjraidmhjs nj` ljndm quj `j rmnja imhqudstas nj`prdhidpdm jspdrdtua` jh su rjimrrdnm pmr j` rjdhm vjbjta`Njspuaumls nj dnjhtdfiiarsj imh `ms vdrus imhtdhuaraacute jh `ascaitjrdas rundljhtardas `as a`bas uhdij`u`arjs y `as a`basp`urdij`u`arjs

Jh a Baumlhjsds Oarnji jxp`diahnm `a jsia`a nj `mssjrjs mrbaacutehdims ndij5 laquoJhtrj j` rjdhm vjbjta` y j` rjdhm

ahdla` hdhbuha nj`dldtaidugraveh gay higravetdnaljhtj larianaJh `ms imhfihjs nj `ms nms rjdhms jstaacuteh `ms zmugravefitms mahdla`js-p`ahtas iuym hmlcrj dhndia quj j``ms partdidpahnj uhm y mtrm5 `js sdrvj nj trazm nj uhdugravehiquest (iap W) J`zmugravefitm tdjhj `a apardjhida jxtjrdmr nj `a p`ahta Imlmp`ahta sj lahtdjhj prjsa a` suj`m imlm ahdla` `a vdna jh

auml` sj jhiujhtra laacutes aijhtuana5 imbj nj` ljndm alcdjhtjsu a`dljhtaidugraveh Imlm `ms ahdla`js `as p`ahtas haijhvdvjh irjijh sj hutrjh rjspdrah sj rjprmnuijh y lujrjhImlm aquj``ms talcdaumlh j``as hjijsdtah nj `uz nj ia`mry nj abua sj atrmfiah y lujrjh iuahnm `js fa`tah jsmsj`jljhtms a acsmridugraveh nj uh adrj vdidanm y nj sucstahidasnj`jtaumlrjas `as jhvjhjha Mfrjijh imlm iaraacuteitjr ndstdhtdvmlaacutes aijhtuanm imhsjrvarsj prjsas a` suj`m y imbjr nj auml``a hutrdidugraveh sdh lmvjrsj

Dhtjrljndaidugraveh jhtrj j` vjbjta` y j` ahdla`

Gay vjbjta`js iarhigravevmrms nmtanms nj vdta`dnan^djhjh uha jspjidj nj dhtj`dbjhida dhstdhtdva `dldtana

imh imhsidjhida nj su jxdstjhida y nj su dhndvdnua`dnanHm mcrah sugrave`m pmr dhstdhtm hm tdjhjh irjatdvdnan aiaraitjrigravestdia caacutesdia js `a j`acmraidugraveh nj` dhstdhtm

Sjdhm ahdla`

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a imhndidugraveh quj iaraitjrdzarigravea j` prdhidpdm jspdrdtua`jh jsta fasj sjrigravea `a anqudsdidugraveh nj` dhstdhtm a` prdhidpdm jh`ms ahdla`js dhfjrdmrjs castahtj sdlp`js [mstjrdmrljhtjjh `ms laligravefjrms pmr `ms ugraverbahms laacutes cdjh tracaeanms sj

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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16 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AY JY[JIDJY NJYNJ J [ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A

prjsjhtarigravea imh laacutes a`ta y purdfiiana jfiidjhida prjparahnmpara laacutes anj`ahtj dhbrjsar jh j` rjdhm nj `a razugraveh Js pmr

j` dhstdhtm quj `ms ahdla`js smh avdsanms nj `m quj `jsimhvdjhj m pjreundia5 quj cusiah imhfmrlj `a jstaidugraveh`ms i`dlas prmpdidms quj imhstruyjh sdh jhsjntildeahza prjvdaimh laacutes m ljhms artj sjbotildeh `as jspjidjs `jigms c`ahnmsy acrdbms para sus prmbjhdjs tralpas para atrapar `a prjsanj quj sj hutrjh quj lahjeah ndjstraljhtj `as arlasmfjhsdvas y njfjhsdvas nj quj smh prmvdstms quj `ms sjxmssj aprmxdlah quj `a lanrj buigravea a `ms gdems y quj aumlstmscusiah j` sjhm latjrhm

Dhtjrljndaidugraveh jhtrj j` ahdla` y j` gmlcrj

Jhtrj `a dhffiujhida nj `a hatura`jza ahdla` y jspdrdtua`j` jspigraverdtu sj va `dcjrahnm nj `a latjrda gasta a`iahzar `ap`jhdtun ndvdha a ausjhida nj gd`ms jh jsta trahsdidugraveh sjnjcj a `a jvm`uidugraveh quj sj prmijsa fujra nj `a latjrdanmhnj j` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj sj jhiujhtra rjvjstdnm nj `aprmfmrla jspdrdtua` imrrjspmhndjhnm a a jspjidj sufrdjhnmlmndfiiaidmhjs anaptatdvas quj sj vjh iu`ldhanas jh j`p`ahm latjr da`

Ahnrauml udz hms ndij quj para a`iahzar `a jnan nj`a razugraveh imh j` tigravetu`m nj gmlcrj nmtanm nj razugraveh y

ndsijrhdldjhtm j` sjr autmlatdzanm jh sus dlpu`sms njialdhm gaida j` rjdhm ahbauml`dim jlp`jugrave hana ljhms qujuh cd``ugraveh y ljndm nj antildems Imh `a imhqudsta nj `a razugravehaparjidjrmh `a `uidnjz j` `dcrj a`cjnrigravem j` pjhsaldjhtmimhtdhum Gasta jhtmhijs j` prmbrjsm sj naca pmr `a fujrzanj `as imsas ya quj hm tjhigravea imhidjhida nj su rja`dnan hd

talpmim `dcjr tan nj j`jiidugraveh A` jhtrar jh j` rjdhm gmldha`

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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14AZ^MLA^DYLM T [JSDJY[IgraveSD^Z bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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Latjrda y jspigraverdtu imhstdtuyjh `ms nms j`jljhtmsbjhjra`js nj` uhdvjrsm jstahnm arrdca Ndms j` IrjanmrJsas trjs imsas imhstdtuyjh j` prdhidpdm nj iuahtm jxdstj`a rdhdnan Zhdvjrsa` (J 1-32) Jh `a Irjaidugraveh tmnmprmvdjhj nj` prdhidpdm latjrda`5 `a latjrda `ms ffiudnmsjti y nj` prdhidpdm jspdrdtua`5 `ms jspigraverdtus y `ms prdhidpdmsdhtj`dbjhtjs quj `j ahtjijnjh Jh vardas mpmrtuhdnanjsOarnji iujstdmha a `ms jspigraverdtus imh rjspjitm a jsm Asigrave`js prjbuhta (J 1-6gt) sd j` prdhidpdm vdta` fmrlarigravea uh tjrijr j`jljhtm anjlaacutes nj` jspigraverdtu y nj `a latjrda a`quj `ms jspigraverdtus rjspmhnjh hjbatdvaljhtj dhfmrlahnmquj jsj prdhidpdm tdjhj su fujhtj jh `as lmndfiiaidmhjsnj a latjrda uhdvjrsa` alcdaumlh js nj Oarnji (J 1-24) `adhnabaidugraveh5 laquo[ujstm quj nms j`jljhtms bjhjra`js gay jhZhdvjrsm5 j` j`jljhtm dhtj`dbjhtj y j` latjrda` frac12sj pmnrigraveaafirlar quj `ms Jspigraverdtus jstaacuteh fmrlanms nj` j`jljhtmdhtj`dbjhtj asigrave imlm `ms iujrpms dhjrtjs sj ga``ahdhtjbranms pmr j` j`jljhtm latjrda`=iquest T `a rjspujsta js

afirlatdvaA prdhidpdms nj `ms antildems 7 `ms idjhtigravefiims Emh Ag`qudst

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J 62A5 laquo[arjij jhtmhijs quj frac12j` a`la gacrigraveasdnm j` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj nj `ms sjrjs dhfjrdmrjs nj `airjaidugraveh=iquest

Sjspujsta5 laquofrac12Hm gjlms ndigm ya quj jh a Hatura`jza tmnm sj jhianjha y tdjhnj a `a uhdnan= Js jh jsms sjrjs a

`ms quj jstaacuteds `jems nj imhmijr jh su tmta`dnan nmhnj j`prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj sj j`acmra dhndvdnua`dzaacutehnmsj pmim apmim y sj jhsaya para `a vdna imhfmrlj gjlms afirlanm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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31frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

ahtjs Yj trata jh idjr tm lmnm nj uha tarja prjparatmrdaimlm `a nj `a bjrldhaidugraveh a imhsjiujhida nj `a iua` j`prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj jxpjrdljhta uha trahsfmrlaidugraveh ysj imhvdjrtj jh Jspigraverdtu Jhtmhijs imldjhza para auml` j`pjrdmnm nj gulahdnan ()iquest Jsa rjspujsta hm pujnj sjrlaacutes imhi`uyjhtj

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Sjspujsta5 laquoJsm njpjhnj nj a ndstahida quj sjpara

`ms nms pjrigravemnms y nj` prmbrjsm rja`dzanm Nurahtja`buhas bjhjraidmhjs auml` pujnj tjhjr uh rjffijem laacutes mljhms prmhuhidanm nj su jstanm prdldtdvm pmrquj hanajh `a Hatura`jza sj gaij pmr trahsdidugraveh crusia ()iquest

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laquoJ` prdhidpdm jspdrdtua` sj aimbdugrave jh j` sjhm tjlp`anmnj as abuas a travaumls nj ms mrbahdslms ij`u`arjs Nurahtj

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Hm sj gac`a jh j` ljndm idjhtigravefiim nj prdhidpdm

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fj`didnan tjrrjstrj imlm luigms

jrrugravehjaljhtj irjjh y sigrave j`pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm njiana uhm nj hmsmtrms

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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33 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY=

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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39frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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J` mcejtdvm nj a jvm`uidugraveh a razugraveh nj sjr nj a vdnahm js `a fj`didnan tjrrjstrj imlm luigms jrrugravehjaljhtjirjjh y sigrave j` pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm nj iana uhm nj hmsmtrmsT jsj pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm njcjlms rja`dzar`m pmr ljndmnj` tracaem nj` jsfujrzm nj tmnas `as a`tjrhatdvas nj `aa`jbrigravea y nj` nm`mr gasta quj hms gayalms njsarrm``anmimlp`jtaljhtj y j`jvanm a` jstanm ij`jstj J` nm`mrfigravesdim y lmra` fmrla hujstra jxpjrdjhida a sacdnurigravea jsj` prjldm [mim a pmim j` a`la sj j`jva y imhfmrlj vasucdjhnm jh j``a sj va aiulu`ahnm uha sula sdjlprjirjidjhtj nj sacjr y vdr tun sj sdjhtj laacutes jstrjigaljhtjuhdna a sus sjljeahtjs sj imluhdia laacutes igravehtdlaljhtjimh su ljndm smida` y p`ahjtardm J`jvaacutehnmsj iana vjz laacuteshm tarna jh uhdrsj pmr `azms pueahtjs a as smidjnanjs nj`Jspaidm y njspuaumls a` Yjr Zhdvjrsa`

Asigrave `a vdna nj` sjr imhsidjhtj js uha vdna njsm`dnardnan y `dcjrtan dcrj njhtrm nj `ms `igraveldtjs quj `j

sjntildea`ah `as `jyjs jtjrhas sj imhstdtuyj jh arqudtjitm njsu njstdhm Yu anj`ahtaldjhtm js mcra suya Hdhbuhafata`dnan `m mprdlj sa`vm `a nj sus prmpdms aitms iuyasimhsjiujhidas rjiajh jh auml` las hm pujnj njsarrm``arsjy ljnrar sdhm jh a vdna im`jitdva imh j` rjiursm nj ianauhm y jh prmvjigm nj tmnms Iuahtm laacutes sucj tahtmlaacutes sj sdjhtj vdvdr y sufrdr jh tmnms y pmr tmnms Jh `ahjijsdnan nj j`jvarsj a sigrave ldslm atraj a sigrave para gaijr`ms``jbar a` jstanm jspdrdtua` a tmnms ms sjrjs gulahms qujpujc`ah `ms luhnms nmhnj vdvdjra Qudjrj gaijr pmrj``ms `m quj pmr auml` gdidjrah sus gjrlahms laacutes vdjems `msbrahnjs Jspigraverdtus quj `m budarah jh su lariga

a latjrda js j` mcstaacuteiu`m otildetd` prmvmia j` jsfujrzmy njsarrm``a `a vm`uhtan imhtrdcuyj para `a asijhsdugraveh nj`ms sjrjs dlpmhdaumlhnm`js hjijsdnanjs quj `ms mc`dbah

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY=

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Js `a `jy nj` jsfujrzm `jy suprjla pmr `a iua` j` sjrsj afirla trduhfa y sj njsarrm``a js `a labhigravefiia jpmpjyanj `a Gdstmrda `a `uiga jxtjrdmr quj ``jha j` luhnm a`uiga dhfjrdmr hm js ljhms imhlmvjnmra Iana vjz qujrjhaij tjhnraacute j` Jspigraverdtu quj aimlmnar anjiuar j` hujvmjhvm`tmrdm latjrda` quj `j va a sjrvdr nj lmrana y gaijrnj auml` uh dhstruljhtm iapaz nj tranuidr nj jxprjsar `asimhijpidmhjs nj su bjhdm A pjsar nj as njijpidmhjs nj`as njrrmtas a travaumls nj as jxdstjhidas rjhmvanas j` a`laimhsdbuj njsarrm``ar sus j`jvanas faiu`tanjs

Gay jh hmsmtrms uha smrna aspdraidugraveh uha igravehtdlajhjrbigravea ldstjrdmsa quj hms jhialdha gaida as a`turas qujhms gaij tjhnjr gaida njstdhms iana vjz laacutes j`jvanmsquj hms dlpj`j gaida m Cj``m y gaida j` Cdjh Js a jy nj`prmbrjsm a jvm`uidugraveh jtjrha quj buigravea a `a Gulahdnan a travaumls nj `as jnanjs y abudemhja a iana uhm nj hmsmtrmspmrquj jh `a Gulahdnan smh `as ldslas a`las quj njsdb`m jh sdb`m vuj`vjh para prmsjbudr imh `a ayuna njhujvms iujrpms prjparaacutehnmsj para luhnms ljemrjs jhsu mcra nj pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm

a `jy nj` prmbrjsm hm sj ap`dia sm`aljhtj a`gmlcrj js uhdvjrsa` Gay jh tmnms `ms rjdhms nj `aHatura`jza uha jvm`uidugraveh quj fuj rjimhmidna pmr `mspjhsanmrjs nj tmnms `ms tdjlpms Njsnj `a iauml`u`a vjrnjnjsnj j` jlcrdugraveh jrrahtj cmyahnm a ffimr nj `as abuas`a ianjha nj `as jspjidjs sj ga njsarrm``anm a travaumls njsjrdjs vardanas gasta hmsmtrms

Iana js`acugraveh nj jsa ianjha rjprjsjhta uha fmrlanj `a jxdstjhida quj imhnuij a uha fmrla supjrdmr a uhmrbahdslm laacutes r dim laacutes cdjh anaptanm a as hjijsdnanjsa `as lahdfjstaidmhjs irjidjhtjs nj `a vdna Las jh `a

jsia`a nj `a jvm`uidugraveh j` pjhsaldjhtm `a imhidjhida y`a `dcjrtan sugrave`m aparjijh pasanms luigms branms Jh `ap`ahta `a dhtj`dbjhida nmrldta jh j` ahdla` sujntildea sugrave`mjh j` gmlcrj njspdjrta sj imhmij sj pmsjj y sj vuj`vj

imhsidjhtj a partdr nj agigrave j` prmbrjsm nj a`buha sujrtjfata` jh `as fmrlas dhfjrdmrjs nj `a Hatura`jza sugrave`m sjpujnj rja`dzar pmr j` aiujrnm nj a vm`uhtan gulaha imh`as `jyjs Jtjrhas

a tjmrigravea nj `a jvm`uidugraveh njcj sjr imlp`jtana pmr`a nj `a [jriusdugraveh m sja pmr `a aiidugraveh nj `as pmtjhidasdhvdsdc`js quj aitdva y ndrdbj jsta `jhta y prmndbdmsalariga asijhsdmha` nj `a Vdna nj` B`mcm J` gmlcrjhms njlujstra `a jlcrdmbjhda js `a sigravehtjsds nj tmnas `asfmrlas vdvas quj `m prjijndjrah j` otilde`tdlm js`acugraveh nj `a`arba ianjha nj vdnas dhfjrdmrjs quj sj jxtdjhnj a travaumlsnj ms tdjlpms Las jsm js apjhas j` aspjitm jxtjrdmr nj`prmc`jla nj` mrdbjh ldjhtras quj alp`dm j dlpmhjhtjjs j` aspjitm dhtjrdmr Asigrave imlm iana haidldjhtm sjjxp`dia pmr `a caeana a `a iarhj nj uh a`la quj vdjhj nj`Jspaidm asigrave talcdaumlh `a prdljra apardidugraveh nj` gmlcrj jhj` [`ahjta njcj sjr atrdcudna a uha dhtjrvjhidugraveh nj `as[mtjhidas dhvdsdc`js quj bjhjrah `a vdna

a jvm`uidugraveh nj `ms luhnms y nj `as a`las jsrjbdna pmr `a Vm`uhtan Ndvdha quj pjhjtra y ndrdbj tmna`a Hatura`jza Las `a jvm`uidugraveh figravesdia js uha sdlp`jprjparaidugraveh para `a jvm`uidugraveh psigravequdia y `a asijhsdugraveh nj`as a`las prmsdbuj luigm laacutes a``aacute nj `a ianjha nj `msluhnms latjrda`js Hujstrm B`mcm js imlm uha arjhanmhnj sj tracah cata``as dhijsahtjs Jh su prmndbdmsafjiuhndnan bjhjra hujvms sjrjs las `ujbm `a lujrtjsdjba jh sus fi`as ijrranas Jsa `uiga gmrrjhna a prdljravdsta js hjijsarda para j` njsarrm``m nj` prdhidpdm nj vdnanura gasta j` nigravea jh quj uh raym nj dhtj`dbjhida vdjhj ad`uldhar `as imhidjhidas anmrljidnas Js jh `a `uiga quj`a vm`uhtan sj pjrfjiidmha y afirla js nj` nm`mr quj haij`a sjhsdcd`dnan

Jljrbjr branm a branm nj` acdslm nj `a vdna para tmrharsj Jspigraverdtu bjhdm supjrdmr y jstm pmr sus prmpdmslaumlrdtms y jsfujrzms imhqudstar j` futurm gmra a gmra dr`dcjraacutehnmsj nigravea a nigravea uh pmim laacutes nj `a bahba nj `aspasdmhjs `dcjrarsj nj `as subjstdmhjs nj` jbmigraveslm nj

`a pjrjza nj` njsaacutehdlm rjsiatarsj pmim a pmim nj susffiaqujzas nj su dbhmrahida ayunahnm a sus sjljeahtjs arjsiatarsj a su vjz arrastrahnm tmnm j` ljndm gulahm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

gaida uh jstanm supjrdmr ta` js j` papj` ndstrdcudnm aiana a`la

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^a` js j` iaraacuteitjr imlp`jem nj` sjr gulahm5 jspigraverdtufujrza y latjrda jh qudjh sj rjsuljh tmnms ms j`jljhtmsimhstdtutdvms tmnas `as pmtjhidas nj` Zhdvjrsm ^mnm `mquj jstaacute jh hmsmtrms jstaacute jh j` Zhdvjrsm y tmnm `m qujjstaacute jh j` Zhdvjrsm sj jhiujhtra jh hmsmtrms [mr j`iujrpm ffiuigravendim y pmr j` iujrpm latjrda` j` gmlcrj jstaacuteuhdnm a `a dhljhsa jstruitura nj `a vdna uhdvjrsa` pmr j`a`la a tmnms `ms luhnms dhvdsdc`js y ndvdhms ^jhjlmsjh hmsmtrms j` dhstdhtm nj `a ahdla`dnan laacutes m ljhmsimlprdldnm pmr j` `arbm tracaem pmr `as prujcas nj `asjxdstjhidas pasanas y tjhjlms talcdaumlh `a irdsaacute`dna nj`aacutehbj` nj` sjr randahtj y purm quj pmnjlms vjhdr a sjrpmr a dlpu`sdugraveh lmra` pmr as aspdraidmhjs nj` imrazugraveh ypmr j` sairdfiidm imhstahtj nj` ‐ymldquo ^mialms imh `ms pdjs

`as prmfuhndnanjs smlcrigraveas nj` acdslm y imh a frjhtj as

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Ahabrala 34LMMNT S Imldhb Caio HT5 Cahtal Cmmos 1441

^jhjlms jh hmsmtrms j` dhstdhtm nj `aahdla`dnan laacutes m ljhms imlprdldnm

pmr j` `arbm tracaem pmr `as prujcas nj `asjxdstjhidas pasanas y tjhjlms talcdaumlh `a

irdsaacute`dna nj` aacutehbj` nj` sjr randahtj y purm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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36 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM

J` 3gt nj euhdm nj 14gt9 fuj para `a idunan nj Baumlhmva(Dta`da) uh nigravea jldhjhtjljhtj trdstj Zhm nj sus laacutesiauml`jcrjs dhvjstdbanmrjs psigravequdims partigravea gaida j` mtrm `anmnj a vdna a ms 71 antildems nj jnan njspuaumls nj gacjr njeanmjsirdtm para `a gdstmrda laacutes nj sjsjhta mcras y idjhtms njartigraveiu`ms casanms jh sus dhvjstdbaidmhjs

Jrhjstm Cmzzahm gacigravea haidnm jh `a ldsla idunanquj `j vdm lmrdr j` 4 nj jhjrm nj 1763 Yu fald`dajimhugraveldialjhtj aimlmnana `m rjidcdugrave euhtm imh mtrmsiuatrm gjrlahms laacutes mcsjrvahnm iugravelm sj njstaiacajh auml` uh almr apasdmhahtj pmr j` aprjhndzaej ^a` jra asigravequj a `ms iuatrm antildems suejtahnm imh sus pjqujntildeas lahmsuh vm`uldhmsm y ldstjrdmsm tmlm smcrj `a `dtjraturabjhmvjsa dhsdstigravea a su lanrj para quj j jhsjntildeara a `jjr`m

[asa j` tdjlpm y Cmzzahm js a`jhtanm a jstundar jhuha jsiuj`a taumlihdia pjrm a `ms iatmrij antildems tras luigas`aacutebrdlas js mc`dbanm pmr su panrj a acahnmhar`a Jstmfmrta`jidugrave su pjrsmha`dnan ya quj a partdr nj jhtmhijs suljta fuj anqudrdr imlm `jy uha brah iu`tura njspjrtahnmluigigravesdlm dhtjraumls pmr `ms brahnjs i`aacutesdims dta`dahms a`dtjratura fuj su prdljra vmiaidugraveh y tras imhvjrtdrsj jhuh autmndnaita js iapaz nj `jjr jh dhb`aumls `as mcras nj `ms

pmjtas ^gmlas Lmmrj [jriy Cyssgj Ygj``jy Emgh Ld`tmh yRd``dal Ygaojspjarj

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CDMBSAFIgraveA5JSHJY^M CMUUAHM

Ndvu`banmr jspigraverdta artdiu`dsta y imhfjrjhidahtj [artdidpa jhprmbralas nj randm y tj`jvdsdugraveh nj tjlaacutetdia jspdrdtua` Js prjsdnjhtjnj `a Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj Lanrdn Euah Ldbuj` Fjrhaacutehnjz

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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32CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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37 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA

DHY^DH^M JDH^JDBJHIDA

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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34DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull LJ^JL[YDIMYDY T SJJHIASHAIDUgraveH

LJ^JL[YDIMYDY T SJJHIASHAIDUgraveH

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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93 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

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Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKsjajspdrdtaiml

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^j`f5 +9gt 61 66 477

bull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms JspigraverdtasCjzjrra nj Ljhjzjs

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^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 436 11 296

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ialdhm nj uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 Ahtdbua Iarrjtjra nj Lanrdn 3

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211bull [a`la nj La``mria (DYAY CAJASJY)

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3713 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwjspdrdtaslanrdniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtaslanrdnKtj`jfmhdiahjt

Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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99Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta Frahidsim nj Asigraves nj`a Ydjrra

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Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 f rahidsimnjasdsnj`asdjrraKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 627 16 441

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Jhtrj j` Idj`m y `a djrraNdrjiidugraveh5 Avna nj Lanrdn 34 `mia` 3767 bull Yah Lartigraveh nj Va`njdb`jsdas (LANSDN)

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Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mab`dmKarraodsjs ^j`f5 +9gt 627 662 319 rsquo +9gt 627 662 313

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ljhsaejrms nj `a uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lanjra 1 - Caem

37gt bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwitvjsZYJSYijlj`gmljgtl

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijlj`lanrdnKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 9gt 41 976 3 77 rsquo 9gt 41 91gt 7 17bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms y Ndvu`baidugraveh

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^j`f5 9gt 41 37 gt 71 rsquo +9gt 672 446 79

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundm Jspigraverdta jugraveh NjhdsNdrjiidugraveh5 Cmhjtjrm 9 ljtrm [dm WDD 3716 bull Lanrdn

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^j`f5 +9gt 664 96 14

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bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas ‐YdhFrmhtjrasldquo

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Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijjsdhfrmhtjrasKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta

Abjhna Irdstdaha - JNDIJD gt ₠

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Iartd``a nj` Cdjh - JNDIJD 6 ₠

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Jspdrdtdslm y Jim`mbigravea - JNDIJD 7 ₠

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Mcrjrms nj `a Vdna Jtjrha - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[ah Hujstrm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[jhsaldjhtm y Vdna - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Sj`dbdugraveh nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 177 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐ms Gdems nj` Ayjrldquo

[aacutebdha 37

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 3bull Jndidugraveh Mitucrj 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

1 antildems nj J` `dcrm nj `ms laumlnduls

Jhtrjvdsta a` LaumlndulNdva`nm Frahim

Ljndulhdnan nj jfjitms figravesdims[aacutebdha 1gt

^rahsimluhdiaidugraveh dhstruljhta`[aacutebdha 3

Fmrlaidugraveh nj` Laumlndul[aacutebdha 13

Jspdrdtdslm jh a dtjratura

[aacutebdha 37

frac12Ejsotildes jra laumlndul=[aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 1bull Jndidugraveh Eu`dm 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Jspdrdtdslm imlm fi`msmfigravea nj vdna

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm57bull Jndidugravehacrd`31gtbull [rjidm59

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm52bull JndidugravehMitucrj 319bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

ms Ijhtrms jspdrdtdstas njcjh sjr`a iaacutetjnra nj` Jspigraverdtu nj Vjrnan

QZAuml JY J JY[DSD^DYLM=

DH^SMNZIIDUgraveHA IMHMIDLDJH^M NJ LZHNM DHVDYDCJ

[MS AY LAHDFJY^AIDMHJY NJ MY JY[IgraveSD^ZY

Imhtdjhj j` rjsuljh nj ms prdhidpdms nj a nmitrdha jspdrdtdsta y as rjs-pujstas a as prdhidpa`js mcejidmhjs

pmr

A``ah - Oarnjiautmr nj` dcrm nj ms jspigraverdtus y nj` dcrm nj ms Ljnduls

JNDIDUgraveH JIMHUgraveLDIA

[rjidm 3 rja`js

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh Jspantildea

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm56bull JndidugravehEu`dm319bull[rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5bull JndidugravehLarzm319bull [rjidm59₠

nj a FJJ

Jspdrdtdslm jh j` luhnm[aacutebdha 37

[rjiursmrjs nj` Jspdrdtdslm[aacutebdha 6

Artgur Imhah Nmy`j[aacutebdha 32

Idjhtigravefiims jspigraverdtas nj`sdb`m WDW [aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a rjvj`aidugraveh jspigraverdtay A``ah Oarnji [aacutebdha 17

a SjvujYpdrdtj [aacutebdha 3

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

a Vdna jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

[sdim`mbigravea jh j` laacutes a``aacute[aacutebdha 1gt

Aacutehbj`js BuarndahjsJspigraverdtus [rm-tjitmrjsFald`darjs y Ydlpaacutetdims

[aacutebdha 32[jrdjspigraverdtu

[aacutebdha 33

ms Yujntildems Jspdrdtua`js[aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐HMYYM ASldquo

Jhtrjvdsta aYahtdaba Hmbujrm [aacutebdha 1

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5gtbull JndidugravehYjptdjlcrj 313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

^rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

a vdna jtjrha[aacutebdha 1

^rahsdidugraveh p`ahjtarda[aacutebdha 37

[`ura`dnan nj luhnms gacdtanms[aacutebdha 39

Jvm`uidugraveh gdstugraverdia nj` pjhsaldjh-tm jspdrdtua` [aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Jhtrjvdsta

Cdmbrafigravea

a Larigravea nj `aBraida nj Jh-

njr [aacutebdha 12

aumlmh Njhds[aacutebdha 7

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm59bull JndidugravehLarzm313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

[jtdidugraveh nj hotildeljrms ahtjrdmrjs5

H 1 rsquo 1 Antildems nj` ‐dcrm nj`ms Laumlndulsldquo

H 3 rsquo Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna

H 9 rsquo rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

H gt rsquo a Vdna jh j` luhnmjspdrdtua`

H rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

H 6 rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslmjh Jspantildea

H 2 rsquo J` Ijhtrm Jspdrdta

H 7 rsquo J` Jspdrdtdslm imlmfi`msmfigravea nj vdna

pjndnmsrjvdstafjjKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3636

DHFMSLAIDUgraveH T SJYJSVAY5

YJISJ^ASIgraveA AumlIHDIAMSBAHDUA

IMHFJSJHIDAY

T YJLDHASDMY

bull J` Luhnm Dhvdsdc`j

bull Sjbrjsm a `a vdna jspdrdtua`

bull J` laacutes a``aacute nj` sudidna

bull a lotildesdia jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

jqud`dcrdm para j` a`la

bull Jspigraverdtus y su gdstmrda jh `a gulahd-

nan

bull ^jrapda nj` almr

bull Imluhdiaidugraveh imh `ms jspigraverdtus5

ldtms y vjrnanjs

bull Njsvj`ahnm `m dhvdsdc`j (prujcas idjhtigrave-

fiias fi`msugravefiias j gdstugraverdias)

I d ` n d d dc`

a partdidpaidugraveh a jstj jvjhtm jstaacute acdjrta a tmnas aquj``as pjrsmhas dhtjrjsanas

IMHFJSJHIDAH^JY

Ndva`nm [ Frahim - A`frjnm A`mhsm nj `a Fujhtj - A`frjnm

^acujntildea - Vditmr Suahm - Iar`ms Ialpjttd - Euah Ldbuj`

Fjrhaacutehnjz - Eahaigraveha Ldhj``d - Iarljh Iarnmha - Ldbuj`

Vjra - M`ba Mrtdz

6 2 y 7 Ndidjlcrj 31gt

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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11BAumlHJYDY [AHJ^ASDM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

`ms ahficdms y sj njstaia jh jsa jra `a apardidugraveh nj brahnjsrjptd`js Jh jsj pjrigravemnm `a vdna ahdla` a`iahzugrave uh jhmrljnjsarrm``m imlm gacigravea miurrdnm imh `a vjbjtaidugraveh jh j`pjrigravemnm ahtjrdmr J` adrj laacutes purdfiianm pjrldtdugrave quj `msahdla`js vdvdjsjh smcrj `a ^djrra Njsaparjijh `ms ahdla`jsaiuaacutetdims bdbahtjsims sustdtudnms pmr ahdla`js ahaacute`mbms pjrmlaacutes prmpmridmhanms y nj talantildem laacutes rjnuidnm

Jh j` pjrigravemnm tjridardm j` jstanm alcdjhta` ialcdahujvaljhtj prmpdidahnm imhndidmhjs nj vdta`dnan quj sjaprmxdlah a` jstanm aitua` aparjidjhnm hujvas jspjidjs imhmrbahdzaidugraveh laacutes pjrfjita y quj sj anaptah a `a hatura`jzanj` ljndm nmhnj smh ``alanms a vdvdr Agmra `a jhvm`tura

nj `a imstra tjrrjstrj tdjhj laymr jspjsmr prmpmridmhahnmuha imhsdnjrac`j rjsdstjhida a `a aiidugraveh nj` fujbm dhtjrdmrNj fmrla hm sdlu`taacutehja sj fmrlarmh `ms pdims y ianjhasnj lmhtantildeas `m quj miasdmhugrave quj `a supjrfiidj nj` suj`m sjvm`vdjra njsdbua` y quj `as abuas fujrah jlpueanas a zmhasdhfjrdmrjs trahsfmrlahnm j` aspjitm nj` b`mcm

J` pjrigravemnm nd`uvdahm jstaacute larianm pmr j` laymriatai`dslm nj` p`ahjta pmr tmnas partjs qujnah sjntildea`jsnj ta`js imhvu`sdmhjs as abuas dhvandjrmh `ms imhtdhjhtjslmndfiiahnm randia`ljhtj j` pahmrala gasta jhtmhijsjxdstjhtj y `ms pm`ms imljhzarmh a iucrdrsj nj gdj`mfmrlahnm `ms b`aidarjs `m iua` apuhta a quj gucm uhsdbhdfiiatdvm ialcdm nj tjlpjratura b`mca` ^mnms `msga``azbms idjhtigravefiims ``jvah a pjhsar quj jsj ialcdm fujcrusim

Zha vjz rjstac`jidnm j` jqud`dcrdm `ms ahdla`js y `msvjbjta`js rjtmlarmh su iursm jvm`utdvm Zha atlugravesfjra laacutes`dlpda nj basjs pjrldtdugrave quj `ms rayms nj` Ym` `a atravjsasjhJ` suj`m lmstrugrave hujvaljhtj uhas imhndidmhjs favmrac js yjstac`js a` njsarrm``m nj a vdna mrbahdzana smcrj a supjrfiidja ^djrra sj pmc`aca imh ahdla`js laacutes smidac`js y ljhmsfjrmijs `ms vjbjta`js prmpdidacah uha a`dljhtaidugraveh laacutessuavj y `dbjra Fuj sm`aljhtj jhtmhijs iuahnm tmnms `msfaitmrjs alcdjhta`js rjsu`tarmh anjiuanms para `a apardidugravehnj` gmlcrj smcrj j` mrcj

Hm gacigravea imhndidmhjs nj vdta`dnan para j` gmlcrj jh`ms pjrigravemnms ahtjrdmrjs sdh jlcarbm gay njsiucrdldjhtmsrjidjhtjs quj parjijh imhfirlar quj a`botildeh jspaumlidljh

jxdstigravea ahtjs nj` pjrigravemnm nd`uvdahm pjrm `m idjrtm js qujsu prm`dfjraidugraveh smcrj `a ^djrra imljhzugrave a jscmzarsj imhalp`dtun jh j` pjrigravemnm pmsnd`uvdahm Jh a Baumlhjsds sj pujnjjhimhtrar5 laquoJsj pjrigravemnm (pmsnd`uvdahm) pujnj iaraitjrdzarsjpmr `a prjsjhida nj` gmlcrj jh `a ^djrraiquest Yubjrdlms `a`jitura nj` iapigravetu`m W nj` ldslm `dcrm nmhnj sj jxp`dia `afmrlaidugraveh dhdida` nj `ms sjrjs vdvms bjhjraidugraveh jspmhtaacutehjajsia`a nj `ms sjrjs mrbaacutehdims y j` gmlcrj imrpmra`

Ld``arjs nj antildems smh dlprjsidhndc`js para quj ianafasj pjrsdba su jstacd`dnan smh hjijsardas rjvm`uidmhjsbjhjra`js y parida`js nj` b`mcm para a`iahzar j` aspjitmaitua` prmpdidahnm nj jsj lmnm `ms alcdjhtjs rjqujrdnms a

`a jvm`uidugraveh nj `a vdna mnms `ms pjrigravemnms fujrmh hjijsardmspara quj `ms sjrjs vdvms jvm`uidmhasjh sdjhnm j` sjr gulahmj` aacutepdij nj jsj njsarrm``m

a ^djrra fuj prjparana para quj j` gmlcrj tuvdjra`as ljemrjs imhndidmhjs nj supjrvdvjhida iuahnm ``jbara j`lmljhtm nj miupar tjlpmra`ljhtj jstj p`ahjta para a

travaumls nj `a jhiarhaidugraveh jejrijr sus faiu`tanjs nj jspigraverdtudhlmrta` Iuahnm vuj`va a` luhnm jspdrdtua` nj nmhnj jsmrdbdhardm j` jspigraverdtu pmnraacute miupar nj aiujrnm a su hdvj`jvm`utdvm mtrms luhnms talcdaumlh prjparanms para sunjsarrm``m nmhnj sjbudraacute su fmrlaidugraveh

Ld``arjs nj antildems smh dlprjsidhndc`js paraquj iana fasj pjrsdba su jstacd`dnan smhhjijsardas rjvm`uidmhjs bjhjra`js y parida`jsnj` b`mcm para a`iahzar j` aspjitm aitua`prmpdidahnm nj jsj lmnm `ms alcdjhtjsrjqujrdnms a `a jvm`uidugraveh nj `a vdna

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 1236

13 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull A JVMZIDMH AHIgraveLDIA

A JVMZIDMH AHIgraveLDIA

Dhbjhdjrm Dhnustrda` Ndvu`banmr jspigraverdta y rjnaitmr nj` pjrdugravendim J` Aacutehbj`nj` Cdjh puc`dianm pmr j` I J ‐Jhtrj j` Idj`m y a djrraldquo nj Yah Lartigravehnj Va`njdb`jsdas (Lanrdn)

Emsauml Dbhaidm Lmnaldm

Hana pjrlahjij jstaidmhardm jh `a Hatura`jza tmnm jvm`uidmha jh iulp`dldjhtm nj `a jy nj [rmbrjsma travaumls nj `a rjjhiarhaidugraveh y nj `ms ljiahdslms njanaptaidugraveh y gjrjhida Jh iana jhiarhaidugraveh dhtjbralms`a gjrjhida figravesdim-dhstdhtdva nj hujstrms panrjs imh `agjrjhida nj hujstras imhqudstas fisdmpsdimsmlaacutetdias njjxdstjhidas pasanas dhtjbranas jh hujstrm pjrdjspigraverdtupjrldtdaumlhnmhms njsarrm``ar hujvas iapaidnanjs yiaraitjrigravestdias dha`iahzac`js gasta jsj lmljhtm

a jxpjrdjhida jh tmnas `as jtapas nj `a jvm`uidugraveh

js j` lmtmr quj j`acmra `a aitdvdnan rjffijea (j` rjffijem)quj prjijnjraacute a` dhstdhtm (autmlatdzaidugraveh) quj a su vjzprjijnjraacute a `a aitdvdnan rjffijxdva quj sjraacute `a casj nj `adhtj`dbjhida jh su ialdhm gaida `a imhidjhida nj sigrave ldslm y`a rjspmhsacd`dnan lmra`

Bacrdj` Nj`ahhj jh su `dcrm a jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldia hmsndij5 laquo mnms ms ialcdms quj sj mcsjrvah jh a Hatura`jzahm tdjhjh sdhm uh mcejtm5 j` prmbrjsm nj` Jspigraverdtuiquest J`jstundm nj a jy nj [rmbrjsm hms pjrldtj imhi`udr quj hanamiurrj jh `a Hatura`jza pmr iasua`dnan Iana anaptaidugravehsj prmyjita jh j` p`ahm jxtra-figravesdim para iulp`drsj jh j`p`ahm figravesdim jh iulp`dldjhtm nj `a jy Hatura` para j` cdjh

nj tmnas `as irdaturas jh vdrtun nj `a brah jy nj Zhdnanquj rdbj `a Irjaidugraveh^mnm jvm`uidmha jh `a Irjaidugraveh tahtm `m

pjrtjhjidjhtj a` aacutelcdtm nj `a latjrda prmvjhdjhtj pmr tahtm nj` [rdhidpdm Latjr da` m F`udnm Iugravesldim Zhdvjrsa`imlm `m pjrtjhjidjhtj a` aacutelcdtm jspdrdtua` prmvjhdjhtjnj` [rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj quj ahdla tmnm `m irjanm J`[rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj js `a jxprjsdugraveh nj `a atraiidugraveh jh j`ldhjra` a sjhsaidugraveh jh `m vjbjta` j` dhstdhtm jh j` ahdla` j`razmhaldjhtm jh j` gmlcrj y `m ndvdhm jh j` jspigraverdtu purm(vjr apar tanm ‐Autmlatdslm y gjrjhidaldquo jh `dcrm Jvm`uidugravehjh nms luhnms Igdim Wavdjr) Ndigm nj mtrm lmnm5 j`[rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj jh j` vjbjta` aprjhnj a njsarrm``ar `msdhstdhtms Jh j` ahdla` ya imh `ms dhstdhtms njsarrm``anmsprmbrjsa njsarrm``ahnm `a dhtj`dbjhida Jh j` gmlcrj njdhtj`dbjhida njspdjrta su prmbrjsm prdhidpa` sj njsarrm``araacute

jh j` ialpm nj` sjhtdldjhtm T jh j` sjr supjrdmr im`lanmnj sjhtdldjhtms suc`dljs imhtdhuaraacute su njsarrm``m gaida`igraveldtjs dhsmspjiganms nj imhidjhida jspdrdtua` a`iahzahnm`ms p`ahms supjrdmrjs nj `a Irjaidugraveh jh uhdugraveh imh Ndms

a mcsjrvaidugraveh hms njlujstra quj nj` ldslm lmnmquj j` dhstdhtm jh j` ahdla` js nj `a ldsla hatura`jza qujjh j` gmlcrj su dhtj`dbjhida y sjhtdldjhtm talcdaumlh `m smhy varigraveah sugrave`m jh j` branm nj njsarrm``m Bacrdj` Nj`ahhjjh su `dcrm a jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldia ndij5 laquo`a hatura`jzapjhsahtj nj uhm y nj` mtrm js nj` ldslm mrnjh y hm

ndfijrjh jh jsjhida sdhm jh branm nj lahdfjstaidugraveh y jstmjs prjidsaljhtj `m quj jvdnjhidah idjrtas faiu`tanjs nj`ms ahdla`js ta`js imlm `a atjhidugraveh j` eudidm j` raidmidhdm`a asmidaidugraveh nj dnjas `a ljlmrda y `a dlabdhaidugravehiquest (paacuteb4) Anjlaacutes njlujstra talcdaumlh laquoquj `ms sjhtdldjhtmslmra`js ta`js imlm j` rjlmrndldjhtm j` sjhtdnm lmra``a hmidugraveh nj `m eustm y nj `m dheustm jtiaumltjra sj ga``ah jhbjrljh jh tmnms `ms ahdla`jsiquest (paacuteb 2)

Jh `a dhfahida gulaha m rjjhiarhaidmhjs prdldtdvasnj` gmlcrj hms lmvjlms laacutes pmr dhstdhtms prmvjhdjhtjsnj `as jtapas nj `a ahdla`dnan ahtjrdmr quj pmr imlp`jtadhtj`dbjhida Ymh pjrdmnms prdldtdvms nmhnj j` gmlcrj

aparjhta jstar tmnavigravea laacutes ijria nj `a ahdla`dnan quj njsu vjrnanjra pmsdidugraveh jh `a gulahdnanms dhstdhtms casanms tmnms j``ms jh `a jy Hatura`

huhia sj jqudvmiah pjrm imh j` njsarrm``m nj `adhtj`dbjhida njrdvah imlotildehljhtj a` prdhidpdm jh pasdmhjsa travaumls nj` acusm pmr jbmigraveslm imhsjiujhida nj` dhstdhtmnj imhsjrvaidugraveh Vah ijndjhnm su dhffiujhida imhfmrljsj njsarrm``ah `ms sjhtdldjhtms y pmr j``m `a hatura`jzadlprdlj ya jh j` ahdla` j` sjhtdldjhtm nj` almr caemsus fmrlas laacutes guld`njs y rundljhtardas a travaumls nj `alatjrhdnan

Jh hujstrm jstanm aitua` jvm`utdvm tmnavigravea hm

ndspmhjlms nj iapaidnan hd imhmidldjhtms sufiidjhtjs paraimlprjhnjr j` prmijsm nj irjaidugraveh nj `ms jspigraverdtus Ydhjlcarbm j` jstundm y a mcsjrvaidugraveh nj as jyjs Hatura`js

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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19A JVMZIDMH AHIgraveLDIA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

hms pjrldtdraacute aprmxdlarhms a` imhmidldjhtm nj `as jtapasahtjrdmrjs y pmstjrdmrjs a su fmrlaidugraveh Imlprjhnjlmsquj j` [rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj jvm`uidmha a travaumls nj `msprdljrms trjs rjdhms imhstdtuyjhnm jh j` pjrdjspigraverdtu miujrpm jspdrdtua` tmnms `ms prmijsms hjijsardms para `avdna mrbaacutehdia `ms dhstdhtms y fiha`ljhtj `a vdna dhtj`jitua`imhsidjhtj J` pjrdjspigraverdtu lmnj`a j` iujrpm figravesdim y js j`vjgigraveiu`m nj trahsldsdugraveh nj `ms avahijs mctjhdnms a travaumlsnj as suijsdvas rjjhiarhaidmhjs nj` a`la pmr ms ndfjrjhtjsrjdhms jh uh prmijsm nj dhndvdnua`dzaidugraveh prmbrjsdva

pmr j` iua` sj vuj`vj dhndvdsdc`j gasta a`iahzar j` rjdhmgmldha` rjidcdjhnm `a igdspa ndvdha m [rdhidpdm Ndvdhm (vjriapigravetu`m DDD nj Jvm`uidugraveh jh nms luhnms nj Igdim Wavdjr)jlpjzahnm uha hujva jtapa nmhnj sjraacute rjspmhsac`j njsus aiidmhjs imlm imhsjiujhida nj `a anqudsdidugraveh nj` `dcrja`cjnrigravem j` sjhtdnm lmra` `a imhidjhida nj sigrave ldslm y njsu pasanm jh cusia nj `as faiu`tanjs jspdrdtua`js quj `jgacd`dtjh para `a imhqudsta nj` prugravexdlm rjdhm j` ahbauml`dim

ms jspigraverdtus smh irjanms sdlp`js j dbhmrahtjs `mquj sdbhdfiia quj a` prdhidpdm tmnms smlms iarjhtjs njimhmidldjhtms y tjhjlms dnaumlhtdia aptdtun para prmbrjsarljndahtj hujstra aitdvdnan dhndvdnua` Hm rjidcdlms pmr

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1gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AY JY[JIDJY NJYNJ J [ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A

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imljhzugrave jh j` aacutetmlmiquest (A Oarnji)

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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1JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AY JY[JIDJY NJYNJ J [ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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16 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AY JY[JIDJY NJYNJ J [ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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14AZ^MLA^DYLM T [JSDJY[IgraveSD^Z bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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31frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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39frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY=

a tracaear frac12Iugravelm sdh j` nm`mr gacrigravealms nj imhmijr`a a`jbrigravea sdh `a smlcra aprjidar `a `uz sdh `a prdvaidugravehsacmrjar j` cdjh anqudrdnm a satdsfaiidugraveh a`iahzana= Aquigravejstaacute `a razugraveh nj` pmr quauml jhimhtralms ndfiiu`tanjs nj tmna sujrtj jh hmsmtrms y a hujstrm a`rjnjnmr

Js `a `jy nj` jsfujrzm `jy suprjla pmr `a iua` j` sjrsj afirla trduhfa y sj njsarrm``a js `a labhigravefiia jpmpjyanj `a Gdstmrda `a `uiga jxtjrdmr quj ``jha j` luhnm a`uiga dhfjrdmr hm js ljhms imhlmvjnmra Iana vjz qujrjhaij tjhnraacute j` Jspigraverdtu quj aimlmnar anjiuar j` hujvmjhvm`tmrdm latjrda` quj `j va a sjrvdr nj lmrana y gaijrnj auml` uh dhstruljhtm iapaz nj tranuidr nj jxprjsar `asimhijpidmhjs nj su bjhdm A pjsar nj as njijpidmhjs nj`as njrrmtas a travaumls nj as jxdstjhidas rjhmvanas j` a`laimhsdbuj njsarrm``ar sus j`jvanas faiu`tanjs

Gay jh hmsmtrms uha smrna aspdraidugraveh uha igravehtdlajhjrbigravea ldstjrdmsa quj hms jhialdha gaida as a`turas qujhms gaij tjhnjr gaida njstdhms iana vjz laacutes j`jvanmsquj hms dlpj`j gaida m Cj``m y gaida j` Cdjh Js a jy nj`prmbrjsm a jvm`uidugraveh jtjrha quj buigravea a `a Gulahdnan a travaumls nj `as jnanjs y abudemhja a iana uhm nj hmsmtrmspmrquj jh `a Gulahdnan smh `as ldslas a`las quj njsdb`m jh sdb`m vuj`vjh para prmsjbudr imh `a ayuna njhujvms iujrpms prjparaacutehnmsj para luhnms ljemrjs jhsu mcra nj pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm

a `jy nj` prmbrjsm hm sj ap`dia sm`aljhtj a`gmlcrj js uhdvjrsa` Gay jh tmnms `ms rjdhms nj `aHatura`jza uha jvm`uidugraveh quj fuj rjimhmidna pmr `mspjhsanmrjs nj tmnms `ms tdjlpms Njsnj `a iauml`u`a vjrnjnjsnj j` jlcrdugraveh jrrahtj cmyahnm a ffimr nj `as abuas`a ianjha nj `as jspjidjs sj ga njsarrm``anm a travaumls njsjrdjs vardanas gasta hmsmtrms

Iana js`acugraveh nj jsa ianjha rjprjsjhta uha fmrlanj `a jxdstjhida quj imhnuij a uha fmrla supjrdmr a uhmrbahdslm laacutes r dim laacutes cdjh anaptanm a as hjijsdnanjsa `as lahdfjstaidmhjs irjidjhtjs nj `a vdna Las jh `a

jsia`a nj `a jvm`uidugraveh j` pjhsaldjhtm `a imhidjhida y`a `dcjrtan sugrave`m aparjijh pasanms luigms branms Jh `ap`ahta `a dhtj`dbjhida nmrldta jh j` ahdla` sujntildea sugrave`mjh j` gmlcrj njspdjrta sj imhmij sj pmsjj y sj vuj`vj

imhsidjhtj a partdr nj agigrave j` prmbrjsm nj a`buha sujrtjfata` jh `as fmrlas dhfjrdmrjs nj `a Hatura`jza sugrave`m sjpujnj rja`dzar pmr j` aiujrnm nj a vm`uhtan gulaha imh`as `jyjs Jtjrhas

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a jvm`uidugraveh nj `ms luhnms y nj `as a`las jsrjbdna pmr `a Vm`uhtan Ndvdha quj pjhjtra y ndrdbj tmna`a Hatura`jza Las `a jvm`uidugraveh figravesdia js uha sdlp`jprjparaidugraveh para `a jvm`uidugraveh psigravequdia y `a asijhsdugraveh nj`as a`las prmsdbuj luigm laacutes a``aacute nj `a ianjha nj `msluhnms latjrda`js Hujstrm B`mcm js imlm uha arjhanmhnj sj tracah cata``as dhijsahtjs Jh su prmndbdmsafjiuhndnan bjhjra hujvms sjrjs las `ujbm `a lujrtjsdjba jh sus fi`as ijrranas Jsa `uiga gmrrjhna a prdljravdsta js hjijsarda para j` njsarrm``m nj` prdhidpdm nj vdnanura gasta j` nigravea jh quj uh raym nj dhtj`dbjhida vdjhj ad`uldhar `as imhidjhidas anmrljidnas Js jh `a `uiga quj`a vm`uhtan sj pjrfjiidmha y afirla js nj` nm`mr quj haij`a sjhsdcd`dnan

Jljrbjr branm a branm nj` acdslm nj `a vdna para tmrharsj Jspigraverdtu bjhdm supjrdmr y jstm pmr sus prmpdmslaumlrdtms y jsfujrzms imhqudstar j` futurm gmra a gmra dr`dcjraacutehnmsj nigravea a nigravea uh pmim laacutes nj `a bahba nj `aspasdmhjs `dcjrarsj nj `as subjstdmhjs nj` jbmigraveslm nj

`a pjrjza nj` njsaacutehdlm rjsiatarsj pmim a pmim nj susffiaqujzas nj su dbhmrahida ayunahnm a sus sjljeahtjs arjsiatarsj a su vjz arrastrahnm tmnm j` ljndm gulahm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

gaida uh jstanm supjrdmr ta` js j` papj` ndstrdcudnm aiana a`la

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^a` js j` iaraacuteitjr imlp`jem nj` sjr gulahm5 jspigraverdtufujrza y latjrda jh qudjh sj rjsuljh tmnms ms j`jljhtmsimhstdtutdvms tmnas `as pmtjhidas nj` Zhdvjrsm ^mnm `mquj jstaacute jh hmsmtrms jstaacute jh j` Zhdvjrsm y tmnm `m qujjstaacute jh j` Zhdvjrsm sj jhiujhtra jh hmsmtrms [mr j`iujrpm ffiuigravendim y pmr j` iujrpm latjrda` j` gmlcrj jstaacuteuhdnm a `a dhljhsa jstruitura nj `a vdna uhdvjrsa` pmr j`a`la a tmnms `ms luhnms dhvdsdc`js y ndvdhms ^jhjlmsjh hmsmtrms j` dhstdhtm nj `a ahdla`dnan laacutes m ljhmsimlprdldnm pmr j` `arbm tracaem pmr `as prujcas nj `asjxdstjhidas pasanas y tjhjlms talcdaumlh `a irdsaacute`dna nj`aacutehbj` nj` sjr randahtj y purm quj pmnjlms vjhdr a sjrpmr a dlpu`sdugraveh lmra` pmr as aspdraidmhjs nj` imrazugraveh ypmr j` sairdfiidm imhstahtj nj` ‐ymldquo ^mialms imh `ms pdjs

`as prmfuhndnanjs smlcrigraveas nj` acdslm y imh a frjhtj as

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Ahabrala 34LMMNT S Imldhb Caio HT5 Cahtal Cmmos 1441

^jhjlms jh hmsmtrms j` dhstdhtm nj `aahdla`dnan laacutes m ljhms imlprdldnm

pmr j` `arbm tracaem pmr `as prujcas nj `asjxdstjhidas pasanas y tjhjlms talcdaumlh `a

irdsaacute`dna nj` aacutehbj` nj` sjr randahtj y purm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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36 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM

J` 3gt nj euhdm nj 14gt9 fuj para `a idunan nj Baumlhmva(Dta`da) uh nigravea jldhjhtjljhtj trdstj Zhm nj sus laacutesiauml`jcrjs dhvjstdbanmrjs psigravequdims partigravea gaida j` mtrm `anmnj a vdna a ms 71 antildems nj jnan njspuaumls nj gacjr njeanmjsirdtm para `a gdstmrda laacutes nj sjsjhta mcras y idjhtms njartigraveiu`ms casanms jh sus dhvjstdbaidmhjs

Jrhjstm Cmzzahm gacigravea haidnm jh `a ldsla idunanquj `j vdm lmrdr j` 4 nj jhjrm nj 1763 Yu fald`dajimhugraveldialjhtj aimlmnana `m rjidcdugrave euhtm imh mtrmsiuatrm gjrlahms laacutes mcsjrvahnm iugravelm sj njstaiacajh auml` uh almr apasdmhahtj pmr j` aprjhndzaej ^a` jra asigravequj a `ms iuatrm antildems suejtahnm imh sus pjqujntildeas lahmsuh vm`uldhmsm y ldstjrdmsm tmlm smcrj `a `dtjraturabjhmvjsa dhsdstigravea a su lanrj para quj j jhsjntildeara a `jjr`m

[asa j` tdjlpm y Cmzzahm js a`jhtanm a jstundar jhuha jsiuj`a taumlihdia pjrm a `ms iatmrij antildems tras luigas`aacutebrdlas js mc`dbanm pmr su panrj a acahnmhar`a Jstmfmrta`jidugrave su pjrsmha`dnan ya quj a partdr nj jhtmhijs suljta fuj anqudrdr imlm `jy uha brah iu`tura njspjrtahnmluigigravesdlm dhtjraumls pmr `ms brahnjs i`aacutesdims dta`dahms a`dtjratura fuj su prdljra vmiaidugraveh y tras imhvjrtdrsj jhuh autmndnaita js iapaz nj `jjr jh dhb`aumls `as mcras nj `ms

pmjtas ^gmlas Lmmrj [jriy Cyssgj Ygj``jy Emgh Ld`tmh yRd``dal Ygaojspjarj

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Ndvu`banmr jspigraverdta artdiu`dsta y imhfjrjhidahtj [artdidpa jhprmbralas nj randm y tj`jvdsdugraveh nj tjlaacutetdia jspdrdtua` Js prjsdnjhtjnj `a Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj Lanrdn Euah Ldbuj` Fjrhaacutehnjz

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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32CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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37 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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34DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Qujrdnm `jitmr jh jsta rjffijxdugraveh jhimhtralms uhparandbla jvm`utdvm quj jstaacute rjspa`nanm jh uha razugravehdhnunac`j5 iexcl[rmbrjsalms sdjlprj Aprmvjigjlms pujs mslmljhtms nj jsta rjjhiarhaidugraveh mcsjrvahnm nmldharhujstrms dhstdhtms ahdla`js a` fiha` iarbalms uha iarbafi`mbjhaumltdia nj `as jxpjrdjhidas nj` pasanm sdh tjhjr qujvm`vjr a j``as T imlm Oarnji ndem laquo`a ljtjlpsdimsds imlm`a jhtdjhnjh hm js vjrnanjraiquest9

( ranuiidugraveh nj m`a Bariigravea)

iexcl[rmbrjsalms sdjlprj Aprmvjigjlms

pujs `ms lmljhtms nj jstarjjhiarhaidugraveh mcsjrvahnm nmldharhujstrms dhstdhtms ahdla`js

9 Oarnji A``ah M dvrm nms Jspigraverdtms [rjbuhta 611 Jndidugraveh Mh`dhj FJC3 Oarnji A``ah M dvrm nms Jspigraverdtms [rjbuhta 619 Jndidugraveh Mh`dhj FJC

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3236

93 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

bull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aRjc5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjs

FaijCmmo5 wwwjspdrdtdslmiifaijcmmo

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`f5 +9gt 636 911 771

A`diahtjbull Ymidjnan Jspdrdtdsta A`diahtdhaNdrjiidugraveh5 I Cazaacuteh 3-3micro 91 A`diahtjRjc5 wwwsjajspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKsjajspdrdtaiml

^j`f5 +9gt 676 43 gt1

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta a uz nj` IaldhmNdrjiidugraveh5 Apartanm nj Imrrjms hmicro 122

99 bull Mrdguj`a (ADIAH^J)Rjc5 www`a`uznj`ialdhmiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 brupmjspdrdtaK`a`uznj`ialdhmiml ^j`f5 +9gt 46 964 1 rsquo +9gt 66 7gt4 627

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta a uz nj` [mrvjhdr Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Laumlndim `jnugrave 7 Caem - Apartanm 7

999 bull Irjvd``jhtj (ADIAH^J)Rjc5 www`a`uznj`pmrvjhdroarnjijs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 eahalmsomljhsoy143162Kblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 61 66 477

bull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms JspigraverdtasCjzjrra nj Ljhjzjs

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Cjhaiahtd` 2 - a Lata mrrjvdjea917 bull mrrjvdjea (ADIAH^J)

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ejsus211461Kyagmmjs

^j`f5 +9gt 61 6gt 364bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj CjhdnmrlNdrjiidugraveh5 I ^mlaacutes nj Mrtuntildem 4gt-3microA

91 bull Cjhdnmrl (ADIAH^J)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5ijhtrmjspdrdtacjhdnmrlKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 624 497 42

Carij`mhabull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj Dbua`anaNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Iarljh H 19- 1micro- 3ordf 72 bull Dbua`ana (CASIJMHA)Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsdbua`ana

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5jstundmsjspdrdtasdbua`anaKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 497 9 gt1 rsquo +9gt 64 1 3gt6

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ala`da Nmldhbm Ym`jr Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Vjhtura [`aea 1 - caems Ljtrm - Cana` 737 Carij`mhaRjc5 wwwijansoarnjijs Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijansKmhmiml ^j`f5 +9gt 66 913 672

Idunan Sja`bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Almr Fratjrhm Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Fjrrmiarrd` 22 196 bull A`iaacutezar nj Yah Euah (IDZNAN SJA)

Rjc5 wwwijalmrfratjrhmjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijhtrmjspdrdtaalmrfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 436 11 296

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ialdhm nj uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 Ahtdbua Iarrjtjra nj Lanrdn 3

193 bull Lahzaharjs (IDZNAN SJA)Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsijialdhmnj`uz Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijialdhmnj`uzKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 436 63 372 rsquo +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ejsotildes nj Hazarjt Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ymiuj``alms 2 192 bull mlj``msm (IDZNAN SJA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 larda`udsa436Kgmtlad`iml

^j`f +9gt 64 62 29

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Yah Iar`ms nj` Va``jNdrjiidugraveh5 I Salugraveh y Iaea` 12 193gt2 bull Yah Iar`ms nj` Va``j (IDZNAN SJA)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsajsiva

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijsva``jKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 436 69 7

Iugravernmcabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Almr y [rmbrjsmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Emsauml Mrtjba y Bassjt 4 1gt bull Lmhtd``a (IUgraveSNMCA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 almryprmbrjsmKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 42 6gt 921 rsquo +9gt 616 13 gt3

bull Fratjrhdnan Jspigraverdta Emsauml BrmssmNdrjiidugraveh5 IAhtmhdm Laura 3 9micro N

1gt bull IugravernmcaImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 fratjrhdnanemsjbrmssmKblad`iml

Rjc5 wwwimrnmcajspdrdtajs ^j`f5 9gt 42 396 gt39 rsquo 9gt 42 73

Ds`as Ca`jarjsbull Ijhtrm Jspdrdta Jllahuj`Ndrjiidugraveh5 mlaacutes Abud`ugrave Fmrtjza 93 211bull [a`la nj La``mria (DYAY CAJASJY)

Rjc5 wwwijhtrmjspdrdtajllahuj`ndvu`baidmhmrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijhtrmjspdrdtajllahuj`Kgmtlad`iml

j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 421 376 174 rsquo +9gt 694 316 gtgt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ds`as Ca`jarjs (IJDC)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a ^rmcana gt7 a-c

211bull [a`la nj La``mria (DYAY CAJASJY)

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijdcKijdcjs

Rjc5 wwwijdcjs

^j`f5 +9gt 62 47 7gt

aumlrdnabull Assmidaidugrave Jspigraverdta Mtus d Haumlral (AJMH)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Bjrlaha Ljriccedil Yahtaiaha 19 39 bull eumlrrjba (AumlSDNA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mtusdhjralKblad`iml

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsmtusdhjral ^j`f5 9gt 429 911 324

Lanrdnbull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj LanrdnNdrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a Cm`sa 1gt - 1micro niga

3713 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwjspdrdtaslanrdniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtaslanrdnKtj`jfmhdiahjt

Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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99Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta Frahidsim nj Asigraves nj`a Ydjrra

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a Iantildeana Sja` 33 1micro C37gt Im``anm Vd``a`ca (LANSDN)

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 f rahidsimnjasdsnj`asdjrraKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 627 16 441

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Jhtrj j` Idj`m y `a djrraNdrjiidugraveh5 Avna nj Lanrdn 34 `mia` 3767 bull Yah Lartigraveh nj Va`njdb`jsdas (LANSDN)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsjhtrjj`idj`my`atdjrra

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mab`dmKarraodsjs ^j`f5 +9gt 627 662 319 rsquo +9gt 627 662 313

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ljhsaejrms nj `a uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lanjra 1 - Caem

37gt bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwitvjsZYJSYijlj`gmljgtl

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijlj`lanrdnKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 9gt 41 976 3 77 rsquo 9gt 41 91gt 7 17bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms y Ndvu`baidugraveh

Jspigraverdta (IJTNJ)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lmhtjra 1-13 3ordf [`ahta - Hmicro 9 3719 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwijynjlanrdnmrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5aurmravaziaca``jrmKgmtlad`iml

ijynjlanrdnKyagmmjs

^j`f5 9gt 41 37 gt 71 rsquo +9gt 672 446 79

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundm Jspigraverdta jugraveh NjhdsNdrjiidugraveh5 Cmhjtjrm 9 ljtrm [dm WDD 3716 bull Lanrdn

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 `jmhnjhdsijKblad`imlRjc5 www`jmhnjhdsjs - wwwc`mb`jmhnjhdsjs

Laacute`ababull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas A``ah OarnjiNdrjiidugraveh5 I Gaumlrmjs nj Ymstma 29 J-1micro

343 bull Laacute`abaRjc5 wwwjndtmrajspdrdtaa``ahoarnjijs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 a`cmrahjndtmraKmhmiml

^j`f5 9gt 43 397 67 rsquo +9gt 62 7 32

Luridabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Sjidhtm nj [az Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a [az1 1micro N ([atdntildem) 913 LuridaRjc5 wwwijrjidhtmnjpazjs

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijrjidhtmnjpazKrjidhtmnjpazjs

ldbuj`ldvjbaKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 664 96 14

[mhtjvjnrabull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta [az Arlmhigravea y Iardnan

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Sotildea [jhds 31 - 1micro Niga 9631 bull Vdbm ([MH^JVJNSA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijpazarlmhdalmryiardnanKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 +9gt 61 7gt 136

Yjvd``abull Asmidaidugraveh Ijhtrm nj Jstundms

Jspigraverdtas nj Yjvd``aNdrjiidugraveh5 [rmspjrdnan 9 rdaha gt11 bull Yjvd``a

Rjc5 wwwjspdrdtassjvd``ajsImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 bjhmvjvala``mKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 4gt 379 7 rsquo +9gt 6 gt71 794

bull Brupm Jspigraverdta Hujvm Alahjijr Emahha nj Ahbj`ds

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ndjbm [ujrta 1 Jsi 9gt 2 A gt14 bull Yjvd``aRjc5 wwwhujvmalahjijrjspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtashujvmalahjijrKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 + 9gt 62 44 462 - + 9gt 62 44 46

^arrabmhabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Emahha nj Ahbj`dsNdrjiidugraveh5 [ucd`` Mrdm` 33

gt931 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 422 9gt6 16gt rsquo +9gt 63 gt61 67gt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Lahuj` y Ndva`nmNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Vdjhtm gt93 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)Rjc5 wwwijlyniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ar`dhbbKyagmmjs ^j`f5 +9gt 676 gt4 2gt6

Va`jhida

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Va`jhida Gmbar FratjrhmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Vd``ahujva nj Iastj``ugraveh 33 gt64 bull Va`jhidaRjc5 wwwasjsvamrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 gmbarfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 469 3 46 7

IJH^SMY JY[IgraveSD^AY MHDHJbull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aNdrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat (uhjs Ldaumlrim`js y Eujvjs 33g9)

Rjc5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`jfmhm5 +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas ‐YdhFrmhtjrasldquo

Ndrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat(Nmldhbms 31g)

Rjc5 gttp5ijjsdhfrmhtjrasjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijjsdhfrmhtjrasKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta

Abjhna Irdstdaha - JNDIJD gt ₠

A`cmrana Irdstdaha (Ljndahm) gt ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrDD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

Aacuternua Asijhsdugraveh 13 ₠

Atjhidugraveh (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ialdhm Vjrnan y Vdna - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Iartd``a nj` Cdjh - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Iuahnm Sjbrjsj `a [rdlavjra (Hmrla`) 2 ₠

Iujhtms Jspdrdtdstas 4 ₠

Njsnj a Mtra Vdna gt ₠

Njspdjrtj y Yja Fj`dz - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` A`la js Dhlmrta` 7 ₠

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta 4 ₠

J` Idj`m y j` Dhfijrhm - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Jspigraverdtu nj `a Vjrnan - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` Jvahbj`dm Yjbotildeh j` Jspdrdtdslm -JNDIJD

1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Yjr Yucimhsidjhtj 6 ₠

Jh `m Dhvdsdc`j 7 ₠

Jh `ms Nmldhdms nj `a Ljndulhdnan -JNDIJD

4 ₠

Jhtrj `a djrra y j` Idj`m - JNDIJD 4 ₠Jspdrdtdslm Lmnjrhm OA DJ ODHB - FJJ ₠

Jspdrdtdslm y Jim`mbigravea - JNDIJD 7 ₠

B`msardm Jspigraverdta (Cm`sd``m) 6 ₠

Buigravea [raacuteitdia nj` Jspdrdtdsta - FJJ ₠

Gdphmtdslm y Jspdrdtdslm 7 ₠

Ejsotildes jh j` Gmbar - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Eustdida Ndvdha - JNDIJD 7 ₠

a Baumlhjsds - JNDIJD 1 ₠

a Vdna jh Fald`da gt ₠

dcjraidugraveh - JNDIJD 4 ₠

as Vdnas Yuijsdvas 4 ₠

ms Ljhsaejrms - JNDIJD 7 ₠

ms Lujrtms Ydbujh Vdvdjhnm 6 ₠

Lahms Zhdnas (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljndtaidmhjs (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljlmrdas nj` [anrj Bjrlaacuteh 2 ₠

Ljhsaej nj uh Anm`jsijhtj njsnj j`Luhnm Jspdrdtua` - JNDIJD ₠

Ldsdmhjrms nj `a uz - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Lujrtj js Vdna 6 ₠

Hujstrm Gmbar - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Mcrjrms nj `a Vdna Jtjrha - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[ah Hujstrm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[jhsaldjhtm y Vdna - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Sj`dbdugraveh nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 177 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 174 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Yjntildea` Vjrnj gt ₠

Yjxm y Njstdhm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Ydjlcra nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Yuc`dlj Jxpdaidugraveh - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Vdna Fj`dz - JNDIJD 2 ₠

Lm`njahnm j` ^jrijr Ld`jhdm - Vdna yMcra nj Ndva`nm [ Frahim

1 ₠

Vdna y Yjxm - JNDIJD 6 ₠

T `a Vdna Imhtdhotildeahellip JNDIJD 7 ₠

dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ

Ugraverbahm jndtmrda` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a sdh aacutehdlm nj `uirm quj rjdhvdjrtj jh j` prmpdm

`dcrm jspigraverdta Yj gaijh jhvigravems imhtra rjjlcm`sm Gaba su pjndnm prjfjrdc`jljhtj pmr imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim adhfmKjspdrdtdslmii m pmr tj`aumlfmhm5 636 911 771

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Vdna ahtjs nj `a Vdna

Jhtrjvdsta a Iar`msSmcjrtm Ialpjttd

Jhfjrljnanjs nj` a`la[aacutebdha 1gt

Jvdnjhidas Idjhtigravefiias a favmr nj`a Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna [aacutebdha 3

[`ahjaldjhtm rjjhiarhatmrdm[aacutebdha 13

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐ms Gdems nj` Ayjrldquo

[aacutebdha 37

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 3bull Jndidugraveh Mitucrj 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

1 antildems nj J` `dcrm nj `ms laumlnduls

Jhtrjvdsta a` LaumlndulNdva`nm Frahim

Ljndulhdnan nj jfjitms figravesdims[aacutebdha 1gt

^rahsimluhdiaidugraveh dhstruljhta`[aacutebdha 3

Fmrlaidugraveh nj` Laumlndul[aacutebdha 13

Jspdrdtdslm jh a dtjratura

[aacutebdha 37

frac12Ejsotildes jra laumlndul=[aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 1bull Jndidugraveh Eu`dm 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Jspdrdtdslm imlm fi`msmfigravea nj vdna

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm57bull Jndidugravehacrd`31gtbull [rjidm59

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm52bull JndidugravehMitucrj 319bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

ms Ijhtrms jspdrdtdstas njcjh sjr`a iaacutetjnra nj` Jspigraverdtu nj Vjrnan

QZAuml JY J JY[DSD^DYLM=

DH^SMNZIIDUgraveHA IMHMIDLDJH^M NJ LZHNM DHVDYDCJ

[MS AY LAHDFJY^AIDMHJY NJ MY JY[IgraveSD^ZY

Imhtdjhj j` rjsuljh nj ms prdhidpdms nj a nmitrdha jspdrdtdsta y as rjs-pujstas a as prdhidpa`js mcejidmhjs

pmr

A``ah - Oarnjiautmr nj` dcrm nj ms jspigraverdtus y nj` dcrm nj ms Ljnduls

JNDIDUgraveH JIMHUgraveLDIA

[rjidm 3 rja`js

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh Jspantildea

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm56bull JndidugravehEu`dm319bull[rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5bull JndidugravehLarzm319bull [rjidm59₠

nj a FJJ

Jspdrdtdslm jh j` luhnm[aacutebdha 37

[rjiursmrjs nj` Jspdrdtdslm[aacutebdha 6

Artgur Imhah Nmy`j[aacutebdha 32

Idjhtigravefiims jspigraverdtas nj`sdb`m WDW [aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a rjvj`aidugraveh jspigraverdtay A``ah Oarnji [aacutebdha 17

a SjvujYpdrdtj [aacutebdha 3

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

a Vdna jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

[sdim`mbigravea jh j` laacutes a``aacute[aacutebdha 1gt

Aacutehbj`js BuarndahjsJspigraverdtus [rm-tjitmrjsFald`darjs y Ydlpaacutetdims

[aacutebdha 32[jrdjspigraverdtu

[aacutebdha 33

ms Yujntildems Jspdrdtua`js[aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐HMYYM ASldquo

Jhtrjvdsta aYahtdaba Hmbujrm [aacutebdha 1

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5gtbull JndidugravehYjptdjlcrj 313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

^rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

a vdna jtjrha[aacutebdha 1

^rahsdidugraveh p`ahjtarda[aacutebdha 37

[`ura`dnan nj luhnms gacdtanms[aacutebdha 39

Jvm`uidugraveh gdstugraverdia nj` pjhsaldjh-tm jspdrdtua` [aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Jhtrjvdsta

Cdmbrafigravea

a Larigravea nj `aBraida nj Jh-

njr [aacutebdha 12

aumlmh Njhds[aacutebdha 7

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm59bull JndidugravehLarzm313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

[jtdidugraveh nj hotildeljrms ahtjrdmrjs5

H 1 rsquo 1 Antildems nj` ‐dcrm nj`ms Laumlndulsldquo

H 3 rsquo Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna

H 9 rsquo rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

H gt rsquo a Vdna jh j` luhnmjspdrdtua`

H rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

H 6 rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslmjh Jspantildea

H 2 rsquo J` Ijhtrm Jspdrdta

H 7 rsquo J` Jspdrdtdslm imlmfi`msmfigravea nj vdna

pjndnmsrjvdstafjjKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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DHFMSLAIDUgraveH T SJYJSVAY5

YJISJ^ASIgraveA AumlIHDIAMSBAHDUA

IMHFJSJHIDAY

T YJLDHASDMY

bull J` Luhnm Dhvdsdc`j

bull Sjbrjsm a `a vdna jspdrdtua`

bull J` laacutes a``aacute nj` sudidna

bull a lotildesdia jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

jqud`dcrdm para j` a`la

bull Jspigraverdtus y su gdstmrda jh `a gulahd-

nan

bull ^jrapda nj` almr

bull Imluhdiaidugraveh imh `ms jspigraverdtus5

ldtms y vjrnanjs

bull Njsvj`ahnm `m dhvdsdc`j (prujcas idjhtigrave-

fiias fi`msugravefiias j gdstugraverdias)

I d ` n d d dc`

a partdidpaidugraveh a jstj jvjhtm jstaacute acdjrta a tmnas aquj``as pjrsmhas dhtjrjsanas

IMHFJSJHIDAH^JY

Ndva`nm [ Frahim - A`frjnm A`mhsm nj `a Fujhtj - A`frjnm

^acujntildea - Vditmr Suahm - Iar`ms Ialpjttd - Euah Ldbuj`

Fjrhaacutehnjz - Eahaigraveha Ldhj``d - Iarljh Iarnmha - Ldbuj`

Vjra - M`ba Mrtdz

6 2 y 7 Ndidjlcrj 31gt

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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13 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull A JVMZIDMH AHIgraveLDIA

A JVMZIDMH AHIgraveLDIA

Dhbjhdjrm Dhnustrda` Ndvu`banmr jspigraverdta y rjnaitmr nj` pjrdugravendim J` Aacutehbj`nj` Cdjh puc`dianm pmr j` I J ‐Jhtrj j` Idj`m y a djrraldquo nj Yah Lartigravehnj Va`njdb`jsdas (Lanrdn)

Emsauml Dbhaidm Lmnaldm

Hana pjrlahjij jstaidmhardm jh `a Hatura`jza tmnm jvm`uidmha jh iulp`dldjhtm nj `a jy nj [rmbrjsma travaumls nj `a rjjhiarhaidugraveh y nj `ms ljiahdslms njanaptaidugraveh y gjrjhida Jh iana jhiarhaidugraveh dhtjbralms`a gjrjhida figravesdim-dhstdhtdva nj hujstrms panrjs imh `agjrjhida nj hujstras imhqudstas fisdmpsdimsmlaacutetdias njjxdstjhidas pasanas dhtjbranas jh hujstrm pjrdjspigraverdtupjrldtdaumlhnmhms njsarrm``ar hujvas iapaidnanjs yiaraitjrigravestdias dha`iahzac`js gasta jsj lmljhtm

a jxpjrdjhida jh tmnas `as jtapas nj `a jvm`uidugraveh

js j` lmtmr quj j`acmra `a aitdvdnan rjffijea (j` rjffijem)quj prjijnjraacute a` dhstdhtm (autmlatdzaidugraveh) quj a su vjzprjijnjraacute a `a aitdvdnan rjffijxdva quj sjraacute `a casj nj `adhtj`dbjhida jh su ialdhm gaida `a imhidjhida nj sigrave ldslm y`a rjspmhsacd`dnan lmra`

Bacrdj` Nj`ahhj jh su `dcrm a jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldia hmsndij5 laquo mnms ms ialcdms quj sj mcsjrvah jh a Hatura`jzahm tdjhjh sdhm uh mcejtm5 j` prmbrjsm nj` Jspigraverdtuiquest J`jstundm nj a jy nj [rmbrjsm hms pjrldtj imhi`udr quj hanamiurrj jh `a Hatura`jza pmr iasua`dnan Iana anaptaidugravehsj prmyjita jh j` p`ahm jxtra-figravesdim para iulp`drsj jh j`p`ahm figravesdim jh iulp`dldjhtm nj `a jy Hatura` para j` cdjh

nj tmnas `as irdaturas jh vdrtun nj `a brah jy nj Zhdnanquj rdbj `a Irjaidugraveh^mnm jvm`uidmha jh `a Irjaidugraveh tahtm `m

pjrtjhjidjhtj a` aacutelcdtm nj `a latjrda prmvjhdjhtj pmr tahtm nj` [rdhidpdm Latjr da` m F`udnm Iugravesldim Zhdvjrsa`imlm `m pjrtjhjidjhtj a` aacutelcdtm jspdrdtua` prmvjhdjhtjnj` [rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj quj ahdla tmnm `m irjanm J`[rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj js `a jxprjsdugraveh nj `a atraiidugraveh jh j`ldhjra` a sjhsaidugraveh jh `m vjbjta` j` dhstdhtm jh j` ahdla` j`razmhaldjhtm jh j` gmlcrj y `m ndvdhm jh j` jspigraverdtu purm(vjr apar tanm ‐Autmlatdslm y gjrjhidaldquo jh `dcrm Jvm`uidugravehjh nms luhnms Igdim Wavdjr) Ndigm nj mtrm lmnm5 j`[rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj jh j` vjbjta` aprjhnj a njsarrm``ar `msdhstdhtms Jh j` ahdla` ya imh `ms dhstdhtms njsarrm``anmsprmbrjsa njsarrm``ahnm `a dhtj`dbjhida Jh j` gmlcrj njdhtj`dbjhida njspdjrta su prmbrjsm prdhidpa` sj njsarrm``araacute

jh j` ialpm nj` sjhtdldjhtm T jh j` sjr supjrdmr im`lanmnj sjhtdldjhtms suc`dljs imhtdhuaraacute su njsarrm``m gaida`igraveldtjs dhsmspjiganms nj imhidjhida jspdrdtua` a`iahzahnm`ms p`ahms supjrdmrjs nj `a Irjaidugraveh jh uhdugraveh imh Ndms

a mcsjrvaidugraveh hms njlujstra quj nj` ldslm lmnmquj j` dhstdhtm jh j` ahdla` js nj `a ldsla hatura`jza qujjh j` gmlcrj su dhtj`dbjhida y sjhtdldjhtm talcdaumlh `m smhy varigraveah sugrave`m jh j` branm nj njsarrm``m Bacrdj` Nj`ahhjjh su `dcrm a jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldia ndij5 laquo`a hatura`jzapjhsahtj nj uhm y nj` mtrm js nj` ldslm mrnjh y hm

ndfijrjh jh jsjhida sdhm jh branm nj lahdfjstaidugraveh y jstmjs prjidsaljhtj `m quj jvdnjhidah idjrtas faiu`tanjs nj`ms ahdla`js ta`js imlm `a atjhidugraveh j` eudidm j` raidmidhdm`a asmidaidugraveh nj dnjas `a ljlmrda y `a dlabdhaidugravehiquest (paacuteb4) Anjlaacutes njlujstra talcdaumlh laquoquj `ms sjhtdldjhtmslmra`js ta`js imlm j` rjlmrndldjhtm j` sjhtdnm lmra``a hmidugraveh nj `m eustm y nj `m dheustm jtiaumltjra sj ga``ah jhbjrljh jh tmnms `ms ahdla`jsiquest (paacuteb 2)

Jh `a dhfahida gulaha m rjjhiarhaidmhjs prdldtdvasnj` gmlcrj hms lmvjlms laacutes pmr dhstdhtms prmvjhdjhtjsnj `as jtapas nj `a ahdla`dnan ahtjrdmr quj pmr imlp`jtadhtj`dbjhida Ymh pjrdmnms prdldtdvms nmhnj j` gmlcrj

aparjhta jstar tmnavigravea laacutes ijria nj `a ahdla`dnan quj njsu vjrnanjra pmsdidugraveh jh `a gulahdnanms dhstdhtms casanms tmnms j``ms jh `a jy Hatura`

huhia sj jqudvmiah pjrm imh j` njsarrm``m nj `adhtj`dbjhida njrdvah imlotildehljhtj a` prdhidpdm jh pasdmhjsa travaumls nj` acusm pmr jbmigraveslm imhsjiujhida nj` dhstdhtmnj imhsjrvaidugraveh Vah ijndjhnm su dhffiujhida imhfmrljsj njsarrm``ah `ms sjhtdldjhtms y pmr j``m `a hatura`jzadlprdlj ya jh j` ahdla` j` sjhtdldjhtm nj` almr caemsus fmrlas laacutes guld`njs y rundljhtardas a travaumls nj `alatjrhdnan

Jh hujstrm jstanm aitua` jvm`utdvm tmnavigravea hm

ndspmhjlms nj iapaidnan hd imhmidldjhtms sufiidjhtjs paraimlprjhnjr j` prmijsm nj irjaidugraveh nj `ms jspigraverdtus Ydhjlcarbm j` jstundm y a mcsjrvaidugraveh nj as jyjs Hatura`js

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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19A JVMZIDMH AHIgraveLDIA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

hms pjrldtdraacute aprmxdlarhms a` imhmidldjhtm nj `as jtapasahtjrdmrjs y pmstjrdmrjs a su fmrlaidugraveh Imlprjhnjlmsquj j` [rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj jvm`uidmha a travaumls nj `msprdljrms trjs rjdhms imhstdtuyjhnm jh j` pjrdjspigraverdtu miujrpm jspdrdtua` tmnms `ms prmijsms hjijsardms para `avdna mrbaacutehdia `ms dhstdhtms y fiha`ljhtj `a vdna dhtj`jitua`imhsidjhtj J` pjrdjspigraverdtu lmnj`a j` iujrpm figravesdim y js j`vjgigraveiu`m nj trahsldsdugraveh nj `ms avahijs mctjhdnms a travaumlsnj as suijsdvas rjjhiarhaidmhjs nj` a`la pmr ms ndfjrjhtjsrjdhms jh uh prmijsm nj dhndvdnua`dzaidugraveh prmbrjsdva

pmr j` iua` sj vuj`vj dhndvdsdc`j gasta a`iahzar j` rjdhmgmldha` rjidcdjhnm `a igdspa ndvdha m [rdhidpdm Ndvdhm (vjriapigravetu`m DDD nj Jvm`uidugraveh jh nms luhnms nj Igdim Wavdjr)jlpjzahnm uha hujva jtapa nmhnj sjraacute rjspmhsac`j njsus aiidmhjs imlm imhsjiujhida nj `a anqudsdidugraveh nj` `dcrja`cjnrigravem j` sjhtdnm lmra` `a imhidjhida nj sigrave ldslm y njsu pasanm jh cusia nj `as faiu`tanjs jspdrdtua`js quj `jgacd`dtjh para `a imhqudsta nj` prugravexdlm rjdhm j` ahbauml`dim

ms jspigraverdtus smh irjanms sdlp`js j dbhmrahtjs `mquj sdbhdfiia quj a` prdhidpdm tmnms smlms iarjhtjs njimhmidldjhtms y tjhjlms dnaumlhtdia aptdtun para prmbrjsarljndahtj hujstra aitdvdnan dhndvdnua` Hm rjidcdlms pmr

j``m nmhjs jspjida`js m prdvd`jbdms quj hms ndfjrjhidjhnj iua`qudjr mtrm jspigraverdtu sdjhnm tmnms gdems nj` ldslmIrjanmr Yj jstac`jij asigrave pujs `a casj nj `a dbua`nan y`a fratjrhdnan jhtrj tmnms `ms sjrjs gulahms y nj` almrgaida `as jspjidjs dhfjrdmrjs jh su `uiga pmr a`iahzar pmrp`jhm njrjigm j` rjdhm gmldha` y `a jqudparaidugraveh imlmhujvms gjrjnjrms nj `a Irjaidugraveh ^mnm j``m lujstra `acmhnan y brahndmsdnan nj` [`ah Ndvdhm prjparanm para

tmnas sus irdaturas a travaumls nj `a brah jy nj Zhdnan qujrdbj j` Zhdvjrsm nmhnj hm sj njsprjida j` jsfujrzm nj `alaacutes ligravehdla nj j``as jh su `uiga pmr a`iahzar su njstdhm`a pjrfjiidugraveh nj` Jspigraverdtu euhtm a Ndms Nj jsta fmrla j`Cdjh acsm`utm sj pujnj njfihdr pmr j` iulp`dldjhtm nj `as

`jyjs hatura`js `as iua`js tmnas j``as hms ``jvah gaida Ndmsldjhtras quj j` la` sjrigravea `a j`jiidugraveh nj tmnm aquj``m qujhms rjtrasj

Cdc`dmbrafigravea

NJAHHJ B a jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldia Cujhms Adrjs 5Fuhnaidugraveh Jspigraverdta Gulahdsta A``ah Oarnji 3gt

WAVDJS FI Jvm`uidugraveh jh nms luhnms _Jh `igravehja5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjs

^mnm jvm`uidmha jh `a Irjaidugraveh tahtm`m pjrtjhjidjhtj a` aacutelcdtm nj `a latjrdaprmvjhdjhtj pmr tahtm nj` [rdhidpdmLatjrda` m F`udnm Iugravesldim Zhdvjrsa`imlm `m pjrtjhjidjhtj a` aacutelcdtmjspdrdtua` prmvjhdjhtj nj` [rdhidpdmDhtj`dbjhtj quj ahdla tmnm `m irjanm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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1gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AY JY[JIDJY NJYNJ J [ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A

JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AYJY[JIDJY NJYNJ J

[ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A

Imljrida` Js ldjlcrm fuhnanmr nj` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta ‐A``ah Oarnjildquo njLaacute`aba njsnj gaij 14 antildems Ga partdidpanm imh a`buhas pmhjhidas jhjvjhtms jspdrdtas Safaj` Ardas

A``ah Oarnji jh J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus hms ndij quj

`ms sjrjs mrbaacutehdims tdjhjh jh sigrave uha fujrza igravehtdla qujprmnuij j` fjhugraveljhm nj `a vdna ldjhtras quj jsa fujrzajxdstj quj `a vdna latjrda` js imlotildeh a tmnms `ms sjrjsmrbaacutehdims y quj j``a js dhnjpjhndjhtj nj `a dhtj`dbjhiday nj` pjhsaldjhtm quj `a dhtj`dbjhida y j` pjhsaldjhtmsmh faiu`tanjs prmpdas nj idjrtas jspjidjs mrbaacutehdias y qujjhtrj `as jspjidjs mrbaacutehdias nmtanas nj dhtj`dbjhida y njpjhsaldjhtm gay uha nmtana nj uh sjhtdnm lmra` jspjida`quj `j na dhimhtjstac`j supjrdmrdnan smcrj `as mtras js `ajspjidj gulaha a prjbuhta gt nj J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus hms ndij5 laquotmnm sj jhianjha jh `a hatura`jza njsnj j`aacutetmlm a` ariaacutehbj` quj a su vjz talcdaumlh imljhzugrave jh j`aacutetmlmiquest

jugraveh Njhds nj mtra fmrla laacutes pmaumltdia hms ndijjh su mcra J` prmc`jla nj` sjr nj` njstdhm y nj` nm`mr5 laquoj`jspigraverdtu nujrlj jh j` ldhjra` sujntildea jh j` vjbjta` sj abdtajh j` ahdla` y njspdjrta jh j` gmlcrjiquest [arjij dhndiarimh jstas afirlaidmhjs quj a`bm nj hmsmtrms pasugrave pmr `msndfjrjhtjs rjdhms nj `a hatura`jza ms sjrjs mrbaacutehdims smh`ms quj tdjhjh jh sigrave uha fujhtj nj aitdvdnan igravehtdla quj `jsna `a vdna Haijh irjijh sj rjprmnuijh y lujrjh Ymh

pmrtanmrjs nj ugraverbahms jspjida`js para `a jejiuidugraveh nj`ms ndfjrjhtjs aitms nj `a vdna ugraverbahms aprmpdanms a `ashjijsdnanjs quj `a imhsjrvaidugraveh prmpda `js dlpmhj Jhjsa i`asj jstaacuteh imlprjhndnms `ms gmlcrjs `ms ahdla`js y`as p`ahtas

Jh a prjbuhta 21 nj J` dcrm nj ms Jspigraverdtus jhimhtralms`a sdbudjhtj dhfmrlaidugraveh5 laquofrac12a dhtj`dbjhida js uh atrdcutmnj` prdhidpdm vdta`=5 Hm pujstm quj `as p`ahtas vdvjh y hmpdjhsah tah sugrave`m tdjhjh vdna mrbaacutehdia a dhtj`dbjhida y `a

latjrda smh dhnjpjhndjhtjs pujs uh iujrpm pujnj vdvdr sdhdhtj`dbjhida pjrm aumlsta sugrave`m pujnj lahdfjstarsj pmr ljndmnj `ms ugraverbahms latjrda`js y js hjijsarda `a uhdugraveh imh j`

jspigraverdtu para nar dhtj`dbjhida a `a latjr da ahdla`dzanaiquest

ms jspigraverdtus jh su mrdbjh sjrigraveah imlm `ms hdntildemsdbhmrahtjs y sdh jxpjrdjhida anqudrdaumlhnm`a jh `as ndstdhtasjtapas nj `a vdna Ndms hm irjugrave `ms jspigraverdtus cujhms m la`mssdhm sjhid``ms j dbhmrahtjs J` jspigraverdtu hm sj aiujrna nj `asjxdstjhidas prjijnjhtjs a su pjrigravemnm imlm gmlcrj asigraveimlm j` gmlcrj hm sj aiujrna nj` pjrigravemnm quj pasugrave jhj` sjhm nj `a lanrj

Sjdhm ldhjra`

Jstaacute imhstdtudnm nj latjrda dhjrtj hm tdjhj vdta`dnan yjstaacute fmrlanm pmr a abrjbaidugraveh nj latjrda Yu iaraitjrigravestdiacaacutesdia js `a atraiidugraveh pujs jh j` rjdhm ldhjra` j` dhstdhtmy `a latjrda smh hu`ms J` Jspigraverdtu nujrlj jh su prdljrafasj j` prdhidpdm jspdrdtua` jstarigravea dhffiujhidanm pmr `asmrbahdzaidmhjs atugraveldim-lm`jiu`arjs dhvdtahnm a `a uhdugravehIrjarigravea imh sus vdcraidmhjs uh ialpm nj abrjbaidugravehrjffijeanm jh `as fujrzas nj atraiidugraveh y imgjsdugraveh Asigrave `amrbahdzaidugraveh ldhjra` sjrigravea `a imhsjiujhida nj uh pmnjrjh `a dhtdldnan nj sus uhdnanjs atugraveldias para imhnuidrmrnjhanaljhtj j` prmijsm nj abrjbaidugraveh Jh `a dhtdldnannj` ldhjra` j` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj acsmrcjrigravea jxpjrdjhidasy fujra lmstrarigravea pmsdidmhjs rjhmvaacutehnmsj a fih njjejrijr hujvms pmtjhida`js nj mrdjhtaidugraveh imh fujrzasrjimhstrudnas y sdjlprj laacutes imlp`jeas pmr `as vdvjhidasahtjrdmrjs nj dnaumlhtdims fjhugraveljhms Jh jsj dr y vjhdr

nj `a latjrda sj pujnj njidr quj ya jxdstj j` prdhidpdmrjjhiarhatmrdm jh aiidugraveh

Dhtjrljndaidugraveh nj` rjdhm ldhjra` imh j` vjbjta`

Yjbotildeh Jllahuj` j` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj sj jhimhtracajh `ms irdsta`js imlp`jtahnm su fasj nj dhndvdnua`dzaidugravehjh j` `arbuigravesdlm prmijsm nj autmfieaidugraveh jhsayahnm pmim apmim `ms prdljrms lmvdldjhtms dhtjrhms nj mrbahdzaidugravehy irjidldjhtm vm`ulaumltrdim ms vdrus tdjhjh uha jstruiturafmrlana pmr uh aacuteidnm hui`jdim (m ANH m ASH) y prmtjigravehaspmr `m quj hjijsdtah aprmpdarsj nj `ms ljiahdslms nj uhaiauml`u`a aejha para rjprmnuidrsj y vdvdr ms vdrus tdjhjh uhaiaraitjrigravestdia ldhjra` Nj jstj lmnm `a otildehdia jspjidj quj

pujnj irdsta`dzar smh `ms vdrus ya quj sj imlpmhjh nj uhaiaacutepsdnj quj pujnj ``jbar irdsta`dzar sdh lmrdrsj utd`dzahnm`as rjb`as nj `ms ldhjra`js y irjahnm fmrlas bjmlaumltrdias

laquo^mnm sj jhianjha jh `a hatura`jza njsnj j` aacutetmlm a` ariaacutehbj` quj a su vjz talcdaumlh

imljhzugrave jh j` aacutetmlmiquest (A Oarnji)

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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1JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AY JY[JIDJY NJYNJ J [ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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17 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull AZ^MLA^DYLM T [JSDJY[IgraveSD^Z

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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39frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY=

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a `jy nj` prmbrjsm hm sj ap`dia sm`aljhtj a`gmlcrj js uhdvjrsa` Gay jh tmnms `ms rjdhms nj `aHatura`jza uha jvm`uidugraveh quj fuj rjimhmidna pmr `mspjhsanmrjs nj tmnms `ms tdjlpms Njsnj `a iauml`u`a vjrnjnjsnj j` jlcrdugraveh jrrahtj cmyahnm a ffimr nj `as abuas`a ianjha nj `as jspjidjs sj ga njsarrm``anm a travaumls njsjrdjs vardanas gasta hmsmtrms

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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36 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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32CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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37 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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91LJ^JL[YDIMYDY T SJJHIASHAIDUgraveH bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 a`cmrahjndtmraKmhmiml

^j`f5 9gt 43 397 67 rsquo +9gt 62 7 32

Luridabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Sjidhtm nj [az Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a [az1 1micro N ([atdntildem) 913 LuridaRjc5 wwwijrjidhtmnjpazjs

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijrjidhtmnjpazKrjidhtmnjpazjs

ldbuj`ldvjbaKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 664 96 14

[mhtjvjnrabull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta [az Arlmhigravea y Iardnan

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Sotildea [jhds 31 - 1micro Niga 9631 bull Vdbm ([MH^JVJNSA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijpazarlmhdalmryiardnanKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 +9gt 61 7gt 136

Yjvd``abull Asmidaidugraveh Ijhtrm nj Jstundms

Jspigraverdtas nj Yjvd``aNdrjiidugraveh5 [rmspjrdnan 9 rdaha gt11 bull Yjvd``a

Rjc5 wwwjspdrdtassjvd``ajsImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 bjhmvjvala``mKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 4gt 379 7 rsquo +9gt 6 gt71 794

bull Brupm Jspigraverdta Hujvm Alahjijr Emahha nj Ahbj`ds

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ndjbm [ujrta 1 Jsi 9gt 2 A gt14 bull Yjvd``aRjc5 wwwhujvmalahjijrjspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtashujvmalahjijrKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 + 9gt 62 44 462 - + 9gt 62 44 46

^arrabmhabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Emahha nj Ahbj`dsNdrjiidugraveh5 [ucd`` Mrdm` 33

gt931 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 422 9gt6 16gt rsquo +9gt 63 gt61 67gt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Lahuj` y Ndva`nmNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Vdjhtm gt93 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)Rjc5 wwwijlyniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ar`dhbbKyagmmjs ^j`f5 +9gt 676 gt4 2gt6

Va`jhida

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Va`jhida Gmbar FratjrhmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Vd``ahujva nj Iastj``ugraveh 33 gt64 bull Va`jhidaRjc5 wwwasjsvamrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 gmbarfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 469 3 46 7

IJH^SMY JY[IgraveSD^AY MHDHJbull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aNdrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat (uhjs Ldaumlrim`js y Eujvjs 33g9)

Rjc5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`jfmhm5 +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas ‐YdhFrmhtjrasldquo

Ndrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat(Nmldhbms 31g)

Rjc5 gttp5ijjsdhfrmhtjrasjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijjsdhfrmhtjrasKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta

Abjhna Irdstdaha - JNDIJD gt ₠

A`cmrana Irdstdaha (Ljndahm) gt ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrDD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

Aacuternua Asijhsdugraveh 13 ₠

Atjhidugraveh (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ialdhm Vjrnan y Vdna - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Iartd``a nj` Cdjh - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Iuahnm Sjbrjsj `a [rdlavjra (Hmrla`) 2 ₠

Iujhtms Jspdrdtdstas 4 ₠

Njsnj a Mtra Vdna gt ₠

Njspdjrtj y Yja Fj`dz - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` A`la js Dhlmrta` 7 ₠

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta 4 ₠

J` Idj`m y j` Dhfijrhm - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Jspigraverdtu nj `a Vjrnan - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` Jvahbj`dm Yjbotildeh j` Jspdrdtdslm -JNDIJD

1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Yjr Yucimhsidjhtj 6 ₠

Jh `m Dhvdsdc`j 7 ₠

Jh `ms Nmldhdms nj `a Ljndulhdnan -JNDIJD

4 ₠

Jhtrj `a djrra y j` Idj`m - JNDIJD 4 ₠Jspdrdtdslm Lmnjrhm OA DJ ODHB - FJJ ₠

Jspdrdtdslm y Jim`mbigravea - JNDIJD 7 ₠

B`msardm Jspigraverdta (Cm`sd``m) 6 ₠

Buigravea [raacuteitdia nj` Jspdrdtdsta - FJJ ₠

Gdphmtdslm y Jspdrdtdslm 7 ₠

Ejsotildes jh j` Gmbar - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Eustdida Ndvdha - JNDIJD 7 ₠

a Baumlhjsds - JNDIJD 1 ₠

a Vdna jh Fald`da gt ₠

dcjraidugraveh - JNDIJD 4 ₠

as Vdnas Yuijsdvas 4 ₠

ms Ljhsaejrms - JNDIJD 7 ₠

ms Lujrtms Ydbujh Vdvdjhnm 6 ₠

Lahms Zhdnas (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljndtaidmhjs (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljlmrdas nj` [anrj Bjrlaacuteh 2 ₠

Ljhsaej nj uh Anm`jsijhtj njsnj j`Luhnm Jspdrdtua` - JNDIJD ₠

Ldsdmhjrms nj `a uz - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Lujrtj js Vdna 6 ₠

Hujstrm Gmbar - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Mcrjrms nj `a Vdna Jtjrha - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[ah Hujstrm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[jhsaldjhtm y Vdna - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Sj`dbdugraveh nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 177 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 174 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Yjntildea` Vjrnj gt ₠

Yjxm y Njstdhm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Ydjlcra nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Yuc`dlj Jxpdaidugraveh - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Vdna Fj`dz - JNDIJD 2 ₠

Lm`njahnm j` ^jrijr Ld`jhdm - Vdna yMcra nj Ndva`nm [ Frahim

1 ₠

Vdna y Yjxm - JNDIJD 6 ₠

T `a Vdna Imhtdhotildeahellip JNDIJD 7 ₠

dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ

Ugraverbahm jndtmrda` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a sdh aacutehdlm nj `uirm quj rjdhvdjrtj jh j` prmpdm

`dcrm jspigraverdta Yj gaijh jhvigravems imhtra rjjlcm`sm Gaba su pjndnm prjfjrdc`jljhtj pmr imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim adhfmKjspdrdtdslmii m pmr tj`aumlfmhm5 636 911 771

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Vdna ahtjs nj `a Vdna

Jhtrjvdsta a Iar`msSmcjrtm Ialpjttd

Jhfjrljnanjs nj` a`la[aacutebdha 1gt

Jvdnjhidas Idjhtigravefiias a favmr nj`a Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna [aacutebdha 3

[`ahjaldjhtm rjjhiarhatmrdm[aacutebdha 13

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐ms Gdems nj` Ayjrldquo

[aacutebdha 37

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 3bull Jndidugraveh Mitucrj 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

1 antildems nj J` `dcrm nj `ms laumlnduls

Jhtrjvdsta a` LaumlndulNdva`nm Frahim

Ljndulhdnan nj jfjitms figravesdims[aacutebdha 1gt

^rahsimluhdiaidugraveh dhstruljhta`[aacutebdha 3

Fmrlaidugraveh nj` Laumlndul[aacutebdha 13

Jspdrdtdslm jh a dtjratura

[aacutebdha 37

frac12Ejsotildes jra laumlndul=[aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 1bull Jndidugraveh Eu`dm 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Jspdrdtdslm imlm fi`msmfigravea nj vdna

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm57bull Jndidugravehacrd`31gtbull [rjidm59

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm52bull JndidugravehMitucrj 319bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

ms Ijhtrms jspdrdtdstas njcjh sjr`a iaacutetjnra nj` Jspigraverdtu nj Vjrnan

QZAuml JY J JY[DSD^DYLM=

DH^SMNZIIDUgraveHA IMHMIDLDJH^M NJ LZHNM DHVDYDCJ

[MS AY LAHDFJY^AIDMHJY NJ MY JY[IgraveSD^ZY

Imhtdjhj j` rjsuljh nj ms prdhidpdms nj a nmitrdha jspdrdtdsta y as rjs-pujstas a as prdhidpa`js mcejidmhjs

pmr

A``ah - Oarnjiautmr nj` dcrm nj ms jspigraverdtus y nj` dcrm nj ms Ljnduls

JNDIDUgraveH JIMHUgraveLDIA

[rjidm 3 rja`js

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh Jspantildea

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm56bull JndidugravehEu`dm319bull[rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5bull JndidugravehLarzm319bull [rjidm59₠

nj a FJJ

Jspdrdtdslm jh j` luhnm[aacutebdha 37

[rjiursmrjs nj` Jspdrdtdslm[aacutebdha 6

Artgur Imhah Nmy`j[aacutebdha 32

Idjhtigravefiims jspigraverdtas nj`sdb`m WDW [aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a rjvj`aidugraveh jspigraverdtay A``ah Oarnji [aacutebdha 17

a SjvujYpdrdtj [aacutebdha 3

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

a Vdna jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

[sdim`mbigravea jh j` laacutes a``aacute[aacutebdha 1gt

Aacutehbj`js BuarndahjsJspigraverdtus [rm-tjitmrjsFald`darjs y Ydlpaacutetdims

[aacutebdha 32[jrdjspigraverdtu

[aacutebdha 33

ms Yujntildems Jspdrdtua`js[aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐HMYYM ASldquo

Jhtrjvdsta aYahtdaba Hmbujrm [aacutebdha 1

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5gtbull JndidugravehYjptdjlcrj 313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

^rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

a vdna jtjrha[aacutebdha 1

^rahsdidugraveh p`ahjtarda[aacutebdha 37

[`ura`dnan nj luhnms gacdtanms[aacutebdha 39

Jvm`uidugraveh gdstugraverdia nj` pjhsaldjh-tm jspdrdtua` [aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Jhtrjvdsta

Cdmbrafigravea

a Larigravea nj `aBraida nj Jh-

njr [aacutebdha 12

aumlmh Njhds[aacutebdha 7

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm59bull JndidugravehLarzm313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

[jtdidugraveh nj hotildeljrms ahtjrdmrjs5

H 1 rsquo 1 Antildems nj` ‐dcrm nj`ms Laumlndulsldquo

H 3 rsquo Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna

H 9 rsquo rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

H gt rsquo a Vdna jh j` luhnmjspdrdtua`

H rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

H 6 rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslmjh Jspantildea

H 2 rsquo J` Ijhtrm Jspdrdta

H 7 rsquo J` Jspdrdtdslm imlmfi`msmfigravea nj vdna

pjndnmsrjvdstafjjKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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DHFMSLAIDUgraveH T SJYJSVAY5

YJISJ^ASIgraveA AumlIHDIAMSBAHDUA

IMHFJSJHIDAY

T YJLDHASDMY

bull J` Luhnm Dhvdsdc`j

bull Sjbrjsm a `a vdna jspdrdtua`

bull J` laacutes a``aacute nj` sudidna

bull a lotildesdia jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

jqud`dcrdm para j` a`la

bull Jspigraverdtus y su gdstmrda jh `a gulahd-

nan

bull ^jrapda nj` almr

bull Imluhdiaidugraveh imh `ms jspigraverdtus5

ldtms y vjrnanjs

bull Njsvj`ahnm `m dhvdsdc`j (prujcas idjhtigrave-

fiias fi`msugravefiias j gdstugraverdias)

I d ` n d d dc`

a partdidpaidugraveh a jstj jvjhtm jstaacute acdjrta a tmnas aquj``as pjrsmhas dhtjrjsanas

IMHFJSJHIDAH^JY

Ndva`nm [ Frahim - A`frjnm A`mhsm nj `a Fujhtj - A`frjnm

^acujntildea - Vditmr Suahm - Iar`ms Ialpjttd - Euah Ldbuj`

Fjrhaacutehnjz - Eahaigraveha Ldhj``d - Iarljh Iarnmha - Ldbuj`

Vjra - M`ba Mrtdz

6 2 y 7 Ndidjlcrj 31gt

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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19A JVMZIDMH AHIgraveLDIA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

hms pjrldtdraacute aprmxdlarhms a` imhmidldjhtm nj `as jtapasahtjrdmrjs y pmstjrdmrjs a su fmrlaidugraveh Imlprjhnjlmsquj j` [rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj jvm`uidmha a travaumls nj `msprdljrms trjs rjdhms imhstdtuyjhnm jh j` pjrdjspigraverdtu miujrpm jspdrdtua` tmnms `ms prmijsms hjijsardms para `avdna mrbaacutehdia `ms dhstdhtms y fiha`ljhtj `a vdna dhtj`jitua`imhsidjhtj J` pjrdjspigraverdtu lmnj`a j` iujrpm figravesdim y js j`vjgigraveiu`m nj trahsldsdugraveh nj `ms avahijs mctjhdnms a travaumlsnj as suijsdvas rjjhiarhaidmhjs nj` a`la pmr ms ndfjrjhtjsrjdhms jh uh prmijsm nj dhndvdnua`dzaidugraveh prmbrjsdva

pmr j` iua` sj vuj`vj dhndvdsdc`j gasta a`iahzar j` rjdhmgmldha` rjidcdjhnm `a igdspa ndvdha m [rdhidpdm Ndvdhm (vjriapigravetu`m DDD nj Jvm`uidugraveh jh nms luhnms nj Igdim Wavdjr)jlpjzahnm uha hujva jtapa nmhnj sjraacute rjspmhsac`j njsus aiidmhjs imlm imhsjiujhida nj `a anqudsdidugraveh nj` `dcrja`cjnrigravem j` sjhtdnm lmra` `a imhidjhida nj sigrave ldslm y njsu pasanm jh cusia nj `as faiu`tanjs jspdrdtua`js quj `jgacd`dtjh para `a imhqudsta nj` prugravexdlm rjdhm j` ahbauml`dim

ms jspigraverdtus smh irjanms sdlp`js j dbhmrahtjs `mquj sdbhdfiia quj a` prdhidpdm tmnms smlms iarjhtjs njimhmidldjhtms y tjhjlms dnaumlhtdia aptdtun para prmbrjsarljndahtj hujstra aitdvdnan dhndvdnua` Hm rjidcdlms pmr

j``m nmhjs jspjida`js m prdvd`jbdms quj hms ndfjrjhidjhnj iua`qudjr mtrm jspigraverdtu sdjhnm tmnms gdems nj` ldslmIrjanmr Yj jstac`jij asigrave pujs `a casj nj `a dbua`nan y`a fratjrhdnan jhtrj tmnms `ms sjrjs gulahms y nj` almrgaida `as jspjidjs dhfjrdmrjs jh su `uiga pmr a`iahzar pmrp`jhm njrjigm j` rjdhm gmldha` y `a jqudparaidugraveh imlmhujvms gjrjnjrms nj `a Irjaidugraveh ^mnm j``m lujstra `acmhnan y brahndmsdnan nj` [`ah Ndvdhm prjparanm para

tmnas sus irdaturas a travaumls nj `a brah jy nj Zhdnan qujrdbj j` Zhdvjrsm nmhnj hm sj njsprjida j` jsfujrzm nj `alaacutes ligravehdla nj j``as jh su `uiga pmr a`iahzar su njstdhm`a pjrfjiidugraveh nj` Jspigraverdtu euhtm a Ndms Nj jsta fmrla j`Cdjh acsm`utm sj pujnj njfihdr pmr j` iulp`dldjhtm nj `as

`jyjs hatura`js `as iua`js tmnas j``as hms ``jvah gaida Ndmsldjhtras quj j` la` sjrigravea `a j`jiidugraveh nj tmnm aquj``m qujhms rjtrasj

Cdc`dmbrafigravea

NJAHHJ B a jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldia Cujhms Adrjs 5Fuhnaidugraveh Jspigraverdta Gulahdsta A``ah Oarnji 3gt

WAVDJS FI Jvm`uidugraveh jh nms luhnms _Jh `igravehja5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjs

^mnm jvm`uidmha jh `a Irjaidugraveh tahtm`m pjrtjhjidjhtj a` aacutelcdtm nj `a latjrdaprmvjhdjhtj pmr tahtm nj` [rdhidpdmLatjrda` m F`udnm Iugravesldim Zhdvjrsa`imlm `m pjrtjhjidjhtj a` aacutelcdtmjspdrdtua` prmvjhdjhtj nj` [rdhidpdmDhtj`dbjhtj quj ahdla tmnm `m irjanm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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1gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AY JY[JIDJY NJYNJ J [ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A

JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AYJY[JIDJY NJYNJ J

[ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A

Imljrida` Js ldjlcrm fuhnanmr nj` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta ‐A``ah Oarnjildquo njLaacute`aba njsnj gaij 14 antildems Ga partdidpanm imh a`buhas pmhjhidas jhjvjhtms jspdrdtas Safaj` Ardas

A``ah Oarnji jh J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus hms ndij quj

`ms sjrjs mrbaacutehdims tdjhjh jh sigrave uha fujrza igravehtdla qujprmnuij j` fjhugraveljhm nj `a vdna ldjhtras quj jsa fujrzajxdstj quj `a vdna latjrda` js imlotildeh a tmnms `ms sjrjsmrbaacutehdims y quj j``a js dhnjpjhndjhtj nj `a dhtj`dbjhiday nj` pjhsaldjhtm quj `a dhtj`dbjhida y j` pjhsaldjhtmsmh faiu`tanjs prmpdas nj idjrtas jspjidjs mrbaacutehdias y qujjhtrj `as jspjidjs mrbaacutehdias nmtanas nj dhtj`dbjhida y njpjhsaldjhtm gay uha nmtana nj uh sjhtdnm lmra` jspjida`quj `j na dhimhtjstac`j supjrdmrdnan smcrj `as mtras js `ajspjidj gulaha a prjbuhta gt nj J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus hms ndij5 laquotmnm sj jhianjha jh `a hatura`jza njsnj j`aacutetmlm a` ariaacutehbj` quj a su vjz talcdaumlh imljhzugrave jh j`aacutetmlmiquest

jugraveh Njhds nj mtra fmrla laacutes pmaumltdia hms ndijjh su mcra J` prmc`jla nj` sjr nj` njstdhm y nj` nm`mr5 laquoj`jspigraverdtu nujrlj jh j` ldhjra` sujntildea jh j` vjbjta` sj abdtajh j` ahdla` y njspdjrta jh j` gmlcrjiquest [arjij dhndiarimh jstas afirlaidmhjs quj a`bm nj hmsmtrms pasugrave pmr `msndfjrjhtjs rjdhms nj `a hatura`jza ms sjrjs mrbaacutehdims smh`ms quj tdjhjh jh sigrave uha fujhtj nj aitdvdnan igravehtdla quj `jsna `a vdna Haijh irjijh sj rjprmnuijh y lujrjh Ymh

pmrtanmrjs nj ugraverbahms jspjida`js para `a jejiuidugraveh nj`ms ndfjrjhtjs aitms nj `a vdna ugraverbahms aprmpdanms a `ashjijsdnanjs quj `a imhsjrvaidugraveh prmpda `js dlpmhj Jhjsa i`asj jstaacuteh imlprjhndnms `ms gmlcrjs `ms ahdla`js y`as p`ahtas

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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16 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AY JY[JIDJY NJYNJ J [ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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14AZ^MLA^DYLM T [JSDJY[IgraveSD^Z bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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`a pjrjza nj` njsaacutehdlm rjsiatarsj pmim a pmim nj susffiaqujzas nj su dbhmrahida ayunahnm a sus sjljeahtjs arjsiatarsj a su vjz arrastrahnm tmnm j` ljndm gulahm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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36 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM

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Jrhjstm Cmzzahm gacigravea haidnm jh `a ldsla idunanquj `j vdm lmrdr j` 4 nj jhjrm nj 1763 Yu fald`dajimhugraveldialjhtj aimlmnana `m rjidcdugrave euhtm imh mtrmsiuatrm gjrlahms laacutes mcsjrvahnm iugravelm sj njstaiacajh auml` uh almr apasdmhahtj pmr j` aprjhndzaej ^a` jra asigravequj a `ms iuatrm antildems suejtahnm imh sus pjqujntildeas lahmsuh vm`uldhmsm y ldstjrdmsm tmlm smcrj `a `dtjraturabjhmvjsa dhsdstigravea a su lanrj para quj j jhsjntildeara a `jjr`m

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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32CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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37 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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34DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull LJ^JL[YDIMYDY T SJJHIASHAIDUgraveH

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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91LJ^JL[YDIMYDY T SJJHIASHAIDUgraveH bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 eahalmsomljhsoy143162Kblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 61 66 477

bull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms JspigraverdtasCjzjrra nj Ljhjzjs

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Cjhaiahtd` 2 - a Lata mrrjvdjea917 bull mrrjvdjea (ADIAH^J)

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ejsus211461Kyagmmjs

^j`f5 +9gt 61 6gt 364bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj CjhdnmrlNdrjiidugraveh5 I ^mlaacutes nj Mrtuntildem 4gt-3microA

91 bull Cjhdnmrl (ADIAH^J)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5ijhtrmjspdrdtacjhdnmrlKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 624 497 42

Carij`mhabull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj Dbua`anaNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Iarljh H 19- 1micro- 3ordf 72 bull Dbua`ana (CASIJMHA)Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsdbua`ana

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5jstundmsjspdrdtasdbua`anaKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 497 9 gt1 rsquo +9gt 64 1 3gt6

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ala`da Nmldhbm Ym`jr Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Vjhtura [`aea 1 - caems Ljtrm - Cana` 737 Carij`mhaRjc5 wwwijansoarnjijs Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijansKmhmiml ^j`f5 +9gt 66 913 672

Idunan Sja`bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Almr Fratjrhm Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Fjrrmiarrd` 22 196 bull A`iaacutezar nj Yah Euah (IDZNAN SJA)

Rjc5 wwwijalmrfratjrhmjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijhtrmjspdrdtaalmrfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 436 11 296

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ialdhm nj uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 Ahtdbua Iarrjtjra nj Lanrdn 3

193 bull Lahzaharjs (IDZNAN SJA)Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsijialdhmnj`uz Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijialdhmnj`uzKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 436 63 372 rsquo +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ejsotildes nj Hazarjt Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ymiuj``alms 2 192 bull mlj``msm (IDZNAN SJA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 larda`udsa436Kgmtlad`iml

^j`f +9gt 64 62 29

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Yah Iar`ms nj` Va``jNdrjiidugraveh5 I Salugraveh y Iaea` 12 193gt2 bull Yah Iar`ms nj` Va``j (IDZNAN SJA)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsajsiva

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijsva``jKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 436 69 7

Iugravernmcabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Almr y [rmbrjsmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Emsauml Mrtjba y Bassjt 4 1gt bull Lmhtd``a (IUgraveSNMCA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 almryprmbrjsmKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 42 6gt 921 rsquo +9gt 616 13 gt3

bull Fratjrhdnan Jspigraverdta Emsauml BrmssmNdrjiidugraveh5 IAhtmhdm Laura 3 9micro N

1gt bull IugravernmcaImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 fratjrhdnanemsjbrmssmKblad`iml

Rjc5 wwwimrnmcajspdrdtajs ^j`f5 9gt 42 396 gt39 rsquo 9gt 42 73

Ds`as Ca`jarjsbull Ijhtrm Jspdrdta Jllahuj`Ndrjiidugraveh5 mlaacutes Abud`ugrave Fmrtjza 93 211bull [a`la nj La``mria (DYAY CAJASJY)

Rjc5 wwwijhtrmjspdrdtajllahuj`ndvu`baidmhmrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijhtrmjspdrdtajllahuj`Kgmtlad`iml

j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 421 376 174 rsquo +9gt 694 316 gtgt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ds`as Ca`jarjs (IJDC)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a ^rmcana gt7 a-c

211bull [a`la nj La``mria (DYAY CAJASJY)

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijdcKijdcjs

Rjc5 wwwijdcjs

^j`f5 +9gt 62 47 7gt

aumlrdnabull Assmidaidugrave Jspigraverdta Mtus d Haumlral (AJMH)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Bjrlaha Ljriccedil Yahtaiaha 19 39 bull eumlrrjba (AumlSDNA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mtusdhjralKblad`iml

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsmtusdhjral ^j`f5 9gt 429 911 324

Lanrdnbull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj LanrdnNdrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a Cm`sa 1gt - 1micro niga

3713 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwjspdrdtaslanrdniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtaslanrdnKtj`jfmhdiahjt

Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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99Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta Frahidsim nj Asigraves nj`a Ydjrra

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a Iantildeana Sja` 33 1micro C37gt Im``anm Vd``a`ca (LANSDN)

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 f rahidsimnjasdsnj`asdjrraKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 627 16 441

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Jhtrj j` Idj`m y `a djrraNdrjiidugraveh5 Avna nj Lanrdn 34 `mia` 3767 bull Yah Lartigraveh nj Va`njdb`jsdas (LANSDN)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsjhtrjj`idj`my`atdjrra

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mab`dmKarraodsjs ^j`f5 +9gt 627 662 319 rsquo +9gt 627 662 313

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ljhsaejrms nj `a uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lanjra 1 - Caem

37gt bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwitvjsZYJSYijlj`gmljgtl

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijlj`lanrdnKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 9gt 41 976 3 77 rsquo 9gt 41 91gt 7 17bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms y Ndvu`baidugraveh

Jspigraverdta (IJTNJ)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lmhtjra 1-13 3ordf [`ahta - Hmicro 9 3719 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwijynjlanrdnmrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5aurmravaziaca``jrmKgmtlad`iml

ijynjlanrdnKyagmmjs

^j`f5 9gt 41 37 gt 71 rsquo +9gt 672 446 79

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundm Jspigraverdta jugraveh NjhdsNdrjiidugraveh5 Cmhjtjrm 9 ljtrm [dm WDD 3716 bull Lanrdn

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 `jmhnjhdsijKblad`imlRjc5 www`jmhnjhdsjs - wwwc`mb`jmhnjhdsjs

Laacute`ababull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas A``ah OarnjiNdrjiidugraveh5 I Gaumlrmjs nj Ymstma 29 J-1micro

343 bull Laacute`abaRjc5 wwwjndtmrajspdrdtaa``ahoarnjijs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 a`cmrahjndtmraKmhmiml

^j`f5 9gt 43 397 67 rsquo +9gt 62 7 32

Luridabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Sjidhtm nj [az Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a [az1 1micro N ([atdntildem) 913 LuridaRjc5 wwwijrjidhtmnjpazjs

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijrjidhtmnjpazKrjidhtmnjpazjs

ldbuj`ldvjbaKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 664 96 14

[mhtjvjnrabull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta [az Arlmhigravea y Iardnan

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Sotildea [jhds 31 - 1micro Niga 9631 bull Vdbm ([MH^JVJNSA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijpazarlmhdalmryiardnanKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 +9gt 61 7gt 136

Yjvd``abull Asmidaidugraveh Ijhtrm nj Jstundms

Jspigraverdtas nj Yjvd``aNdrjiidugraveh5 [rmspjrdnan 9 rdaha gt11 bull Yjvd``a

Rjc5 wwwjspdrdtassjvd``ajsImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 bjhmvjvala``mKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 4gt 379 7 rsquo +9gt 6 gt71 794

bull Brupm Jspigraverdta Hujvm Alahjijr Emahha nj Ahbj`ds

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ndjbm [ujrta 1 Jsi 9gt 2 A gt14 bull Yjvd``aRjc5 wwwhujvmalahjijrjspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtashujvmalahjijrKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 + 9gt 62 44 462 - + 9gt 62 44 46

^arrabmhabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Emahha nj Ahbj`dsNdrjiidugraveh5 [ucd`` Mrdm` 33

gt931 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 422 9gt6 16gt rsquo +9gt 63 gt61 67gt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Lahuj` y Ndva`nmNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Vdjhtm gt93 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)Rjc5 wwwijlyniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ar`dhbbKyagmmjs ^j`f5 +9gt 676 gt4 2gt6

Va`jhida

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Va`jhida Gmbar FratjrhmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Vd``ahujva nj Iastj``ugraveh 33 gt64 bull Va`jhidaRjc5 wwwasjsvamrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 gmbarfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 469 3 46 7

IJH^SMY JY[IgraveSD^AY MHDHJbull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aNdrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat (uhjs Ldaumlrim`js y Eujvjs 33g9)

Rjc5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`jfmhm5 +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas ‐YdhFrmhtjrasldquo

Ndrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat(Nmldhbms 31g)

Rjc5 gttp5ijjsdhfrmhtjrasjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijjsdhfrmhtjrasKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta

Abjhna Irdstdaha - JNDIJD gt ₠

A`cmrana Irdstdaha (Ljndahm) gt ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrDD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

Aacuternua Asijhsdugraveh 13 ₠

Atjhidugraveh (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ialdhm Vjrnan y Vdna - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Iartd``a nj` Cdjh - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Iuahnm Sjbrjsj `a [rdlavjra (Hmrla`) 2 ₠

Iujhtms Jspdrdtdstas 4 ₠

Njsnj a Mtra Vdna gt ₠

Njspdjrtj y Yja Fj`dz - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` A`la js Dhlmrta` 7 ₠

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta 4 ₠

J` Idj`m y j` Dhfijrhm - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Jspigraverdtu nj `a Vjrnan - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` Jvahbj`dm Yjbotildeh j` Jspdrdtdslm -JNDIJD

1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Yjr Yucimhsidjhtj 6 ₠

Jh `m Dhvdsdc`j 7 ₠

Jh `ms Nmldhdms nj `a Ljndulhdnan -JNDIJD

4 ₠

Jhtrj `a djrra y j` Idj`m - JNDIJD 4 ₠Jspdrdtdslm Lmnjrhm OA DJ ODHB - FJJ ₠

Jspdrdtdslm y Jim`mbigravea - JNDIJD 7 ₠

B`msardm Jspigraverdta (Cm`sd``m) 6 ₠

Buigravea [raacuteitdia nj` Jspdrdtdsta - FJJ ₠

Gdphmtdslm y Jspdrdtdslm 7 ₠

Ejsotildes jh j` Gmbar - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Eustdida Ndvdha - JNDIJD 7 ₠

a Baumlhjsds - JNDIJD 1 ₠

a Vdna jh Fald`da gt ₠

dcjraidugraveh - JNDIJD 4 ₠

as Vdnas Yuijsdvas 4 ₠

ms Ljhsaejrms - JNDIJD 7 ₠

ms Lujrtms Ydbujh Vdvdjhnm 6 ₠

Lahms Zhdnas (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljndtaidmhjs (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljlmrdas nj` [anrj Bjrlaacuteh 2 ₠

Ljhsaej nj uh Anm`jsijhtj njsnj j`Luhnm Jspdrdtua` - JNDIJD ₠

Ldsdmhjrms nj `a uz - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Lujrtj js Vdna 6 ₠

Hujstrm Gmbar - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Mcrjrms nj `a Vdna Jtjrha - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[ah Hujstrm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[jhsaldjhtm y Vdna - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Sj`dbdugraveh nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 177 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 174 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Yjntildea` Vjrnj gt ₠

Yjxm y Njstdhm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Ydjlcra nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Yuc`dlj Jxpdaidugraveh - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Vdna Fj`dz - JNDIJD 2 ₠

Lm`njahnm j` ^jrijr Ld`jhdm - Vdna yMcra nj Ndva`nm [ Frahim

1 ₠

Vdna y Yjxm - JNDIJD 6 ₠

T `a Vdna Imhtdhotildeahellip JNDIJD 7 ₠

dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ

Ugraverbahm jndtmrda` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a sdh aacutehdlm nj `uirm quj rjdhvdjrtj jh j` prmpdm

`dcrm jspigraverdta Yj gaijh jhvigravems imhtra rjjlcm`sm Gaba su pjndnm prjfjrdc`jljhtj pmr imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim adhfmKjspdrdtdslmii m pmr tj`aumlfmhm5 636 911 771

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Vdna ahtjs nj `a Vdna

Jhtrjvdsta a Iar`msSmcjrtm Ialpjttd

Jhfjrljnanjs nj` a`la[aacutebdha 1gt

Jvdnjhidas Idjhtigravefiias a favmr nj`a Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna [aacutebdha 3

[`ahjaldjhtm rjjhiarhatmrdm[aacutebdha 13

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐ms Gdems nj` Ayjrldquo

[aacutebdha 37

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 3bull Jndidugraveh Mitucrj 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

1 antildems nj J` `dcrm nj `ms laumlnduls

Jhtrjvdsta a` LaumlndulNdva`nm Frahim

Ljndulhdnan nj jfjitms figravesdims[aacutebdha 1gt

^rahsimluhdiaidugraveh dhstruljhta`[aacutebdha 3

Fmrlaidugraveh nj` Laumlndul[aacutebdha 13

Jspdrdtdslm jh a dtjratura

[aacutebdha 37

frac12Ejsotildes jra laumlndul=[aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 1bull Jndidugraveh Eu`dm 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Jspdrdtdslm imlm fi`msmfigravea nj vdna

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm57bull Jndidugravehacrd`31gtbull [rjidm59

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm52bull JndidugravehMitucrj 319bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

ms Ijhtrms jspdrdtdstas njcjh sjr`a iaacutetjnra nj` Jspigraverdtu nj Vjrnan

QZAuml JY J JY[DSD^DYLM=

DH^SMNZIIDUgraveHA IMHMIDLDJH^M NJ LZHNM DHVDYDCJ

[MS AY LAHDFJY^AIDMHJY NJ MY JY[IgraveSD^ZY

Imhtdjhj j` rjsuljh nj ms prdhidpdms nj a nmitrdha jspdrdtdsta y as rjs-pujstas a as prdhidpa`js mcejidmhjs

pmr

A``ah - Oarnjiautmr nj` dcrm nj ms jspigraverdtus y nj` dcrm nj ms Ljnduls

JNDIDUgraveH JIMHUgraveLDIA

[rjidm 3 rja`js

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh Jspantildea

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm56bull JndidugravehEu`dm319bull[rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5bull JndidugravehLarzm319bull [rjidm59₠

nj a FJJ

Jspdrdtdslm jh j` luhnm[aacutebdha 37

[rjiursmrjs nj` Jspdrdtdslm[aacutebdha 6

Artgur Imhah Nmy`j[aacutebdha 32

Idjhtigravefiims jspigraverdtas nj`sdb`m WDW [aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a rjvj`aidugraveh jspigraverdtay A``ah Oarnji [aacutebdha 17

a SjvujYpdrdtj [aacutebdha 3

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

a Vdna jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

[sdim`mbigravea jh j` laacutes a``aacute[aacutebdha 1gt

Aacutehbj`js BuarndahjsJspigraverdtus [rm-tjitmrjsFald`darjs y Ydlpaacutetdims

[aacutebdha 32[jrdjspigraverdtu

[aacutebdha 33

ms Yujntildems Jspdrdtua`js[aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐HMYYM ASldquo

Jhtrjvdsta aYahtdaba Hmbujrm [aacutebdha 1

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5gtbull JndidugravehYjptdjlcrj 313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

^rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

a vdna jtjrha[aacutebdha 1

^rahsdidugraveh p`ahjtarda[aacutebdha 37

[`ura`dnan nj luhnms gacdtanms[aacutebdha 39

Jvm`uidugraveh gdstugraverdia nj` pjhsaldjh-tm jspdrdtua` [aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Jhtrjvdsta

Cdmbrafigravea

a Larigravea nj `aBraida nj Jh-

njr [aacutebdha 12

aumlmh Njhds[aacutebdha 7

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm59bull JndidugravehLarzm313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

[jtdidugraveh nj hotildeljrms ahtjrdmrjs5

H 1 rsquo 1 Antildems nj` ‐dcrm nj`ms Laumlndulsldquo

H 3 rsquo Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna

H 9 rsquo rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

H gt rsquo a Vdna jh j` luhnmjspdrdtua`

H rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

H 6 rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslmjh Jspantildea

H 2 rsquo J` Ijhtrm Jspdrdta

H 7 rsquo J` Jspdrdtdslm imlmfi`msmfigravea nj vdna

pjndnmsrjvdstafjjKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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DHFMSLAIDUgraveH T SJYJSVAY5

YJISJ^ASIgraveA AumlIHDIAMSBAHDUA

IMHFJSJHIDAY

T YJLDHASDMY

bull J` Luhnm Dhvdsdc`j

bull Sjbrjsm a `a vdna jspdrdtua`

bull J` laacutes a``aacute nj` sudidna

bull a lotildesdia jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

jqud`dcrdm para j` a`la

bull Jspigraverdtus y su gdstmrda jh `a gulahd-

nan

bull ^jrapda nj` almr

bull Imluhdiaidugraveh imh `ms jspigraverdtus5

ldtms y vjrnanjs

bull Njsvj`ahnm `m dhvdsdc`j (prujcas idjhtigrave-

fiias fi`msugravefiias j gdstugraverdias)

I d ` n d d dc`

a partdidpaidugraveh a jstj jvjhtm jstaacute acdjrta a tmnas aquj``as pjrsmhas dhtjrjsanas

IMHFJSJHIDAH^JY

Ndva`nm [ Frahim - A`frjnm A`mhsm nj `a Fujhtj - A`frjnm

^acujntildea - Vditmr Suahm - Iar`ms Ialpjttd - Euah Ldbuj`

Fjrhaacutehnjz - Eahaigraveha Ldhj``d - Iarljh Iarnmha - Ldbuj`

Vjra - M`ba Mrtdz

6 2 y 7 Ndidjlcrj 31gt

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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1JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AY JY[JIDJY NJYNJ J [ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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16 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AY JY[JIDJY NJYNJ J [ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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17 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull AZ^MLA^DYLM T [JSDJY[IgraveSD^Z

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nj njfjhsa nj supjrvdvjhida y nj dhluhdnan quj sjnd-ljhtarmh jh j` iujrpm astra` nj` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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14AZ^MLA^DYLM T [JSDJY[IgraveSD^Z bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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jhiujhtrah pjrfjitaljhtj jstruituranms y njfihdnms jhj` sjr gulahm y braidas a `m iua` tmnms hmsmtrms jejiu- talms nj fmrla hatura` y imlp`jtaljhtj autmlaacutetdia tmnms `ms aitms prdlardms y caacutesdims nj` fuhidmhaldjhtmfisdm`ugravebdim nj hujstrm mrbahdslm y uh sdhfigraveh nj fuhidmhjsquj hms pasah njsapjridcdnas

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Hmta5

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`m gj hmlcranm imlm jspigraverdtu (imh ldhotildesiu`a) m prdh-

idpdm dhtj`dbjhtj

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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31frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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36 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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32CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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37 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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34DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Qujrdnm `jitmr jh jsta rjffijxdugraveh jhimhtralms uhparandbla jvm`utdvm quj jstaacute rjspa`nanm jh uha razugravehdhnunac`j5 iexcl[rmbrjsalms sdjlprj Aprmvjigjlms pujs mslmljhtms nj jsta rjjhiarhaidugraveh mcsjrvahnm nmldharhujstrms dhstdhtms ahdla`js a` fiha` iarbalms uha iarbafi`mbjhaumltdia nj `as jxpjrdjhidas nj` pasanm sdh tjhjr qujvm`vjr a j``as T imlm Oarnji ndem laquo`a ljtjlpsdimsds imlm`a jhtdjhnjh hm js vjrnanjraiquest9

( ranuiidugraveh nj m`a Bariigravea)

iexcl[rmbrjsalms sdjlprj Aprmvjigjlms

pujs `ms lmljhtms nj jstarjjhiarhaidugraveh mcsjrvahnm nmldharhujstrms dhstdhtms ahdla`js

9 Oarnji A``ah M dvrm nms Jspigraverdtms [rjbuhta 611 Jndidugraveh Mh`dhj FJC3 Oarnji A``ah M dvrm nms Jspigraverdtms [rjbuhta 619 Jndidugraveh Mh`dhj FJC

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3236

93 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

bull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aRjc5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjs

FaijCmmo5 wwwjspdrdtdslmiifaijcmmo

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`f5 +9gt 636 911 771

A`diahtjbull Ymidjnan Jspdrdtdsta A`diahtdhaNdrjiidugraveh5 I Cazaacuteh 3-3micro 91 A`diahtjRjc5 wwwsjajspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKsjajspdrdtaiml

^j`f5 +9gt 676 43 gt1

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta a uz nj` IaldhmNdrjiidugraveh5 Apartanm nj Imrrjms hmicro 122

99 bull Mrdguj`a (ADIAH^J)Rjc5 www`a`uznj`ialdhmiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 brupmjspdrdtaK`a`uznj`ialdhmiml ^j`f5 +9gt 46 964 1 rsquo +9gt 66 7gt4 627

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta a uz nj` [mrvjhdr Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Laumlndim `jnugrave 7 Caem - Apartanm 7

999 bull Irjvd``jhtj (ADIAH^J)Rjc5 www`a`uznj`pmrvjhdroarnjijs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 eahalmsomljhsoy143162Kblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 61 66 477

bull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms JspigraverdtasCjzjrra nj Ljhjzjs

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Cjhaiahtd` 2 - a Lata mrrjvdjea917 bull mrrjvdjea (ADIAH^J)

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ejsus211461Kyagmmjs

^j`f5 +9gt 61 6gt 364bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj CjhdnmrlNdrjiidugraveh5 I ^mlaacutes nj Mrtuntildem 4gt-3microA

91 bull Cjhdnmrl (ADIAH^J)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5ijhtrmjspdrdtacjhdnmrlKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 624 497 42

Carij`mhabull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj Dbua`anaNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Iarljh H 19- 1micro- 3ordf 72 bull Dbua`ana (CASIJMHA)Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsdbua`ana

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5jstundmsjspdrdtasdbua`anaKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 497 9 gt1 rsquo +9gt 64 1 3gt6

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ala`da Nmldhbm Ym`jr Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Vjhtura [`aea 1 - caems Ljtrm - Cana` 737 Carij`mhaRjc5 wwwijansoarnjijs Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijansKmhmiml ^j`f5 +9gt 66 913 672

Idunan Sja`bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Almr Fratjrhm Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Fjrrmiarrd` 22 196 bull A`iaacutezar nj Yah Euah (IDZNAN SJA)

Rjc5 wwwijalmrfratjrhmjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijhtrmjspdrdtaalmrfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 436 11 296

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ialdhm nj uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 Ahtdbua Iarrjtjra nj Lanrdn 3

193 bull Lahzaharjs (IDZNAN SJA)Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsijialdhmnj`uz Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijialdhmnj`uzKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 436 63 372 rsquo +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ejsotildes nj Hazarjt Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ymiuj``alms 2 192 bull mlj``msm (IDZNAN SJA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 larda`udsa436Kgmtlad`iml

^j`f +9gt 64 62 29

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Yah Iar`ms nj` Va``jNdrjiidugraveh5 I Salugraveh y Iaea` 12 193gt2 bull Yah Iar`ms nj` Va``j (IDZNAN SJA)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsajsiva

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijsva``jKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 436 69 7

Iugravernmcabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Almr y [rmbrjsmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Emsauml Mrtjba y Bassjt 4 1gt bull Lmhtd``a (IUgraveSNMCA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 almryprmbrjsmKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 42 6gt 921 rsquo +9gt 616 13 gt3

bull Fratjrhdnan Jspigraverdta Emsauml BrmssmNdrjiidugraveh5 IAhtmhdm Laura 3 9micro N

1gt bull IugravernmcaImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 fratjrhdnanemsjbrmssmKblad`iml

Rjc5 wwwimrnmcajspdrdtajs ^j`f5 9gt 42 396 gt39 rsquo 9gt 42 73

Ds`as Ca`jarjsbull Ijhtrm Jspdrdta Jllahuj`Ndrjiidugraveh5 mlaacutes Abud`ugrave Fmrtjza 93 211bull [a`la nj La``mria (DYAY CAJASJY)

Rjc5 wwwijhtrmjspdrdtajllahuj`ndvu`baidmhmrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijhtrmjspdrdtajllahuj`Kgmtlad`iml

j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 421 376 174 rsquo +9gt 694 316 gtgt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ds`as Ca`jarjs (IJDC)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a ^rmcana gt7 a-c

211bull [a`la nj La``mria (DYAY CAJASJY)

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijdcKijdcjs

Rjc5 wwwijdcjs

^j`f5 +9gt 62 47 7gt

aumlrdnabull Assmidaidugrave Jspigraverdta Mtus d Haumlral (AJMH)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Bjrlaha Ljriccedil Yahtaiaha 19 39 bull eumlrrjba (AumlSDNA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mtusdhjralKblad`iml

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsmtusdhjral ^j`f5 9gt 429 911 324

Lanrdnbull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj LanrdnNdrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a Cm`sa 1gt - 1micro niga

3713 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwjspdrdtaslanrdniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtaslanrdnKtj`jfmhdiahjt

Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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99Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta Frahidsim nj Asigraves nj`a Ydjrra

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a Iantildeana Sja` 33 1micro C37gt Im``anm Vd``a`ca (LANSDN)

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 f rahidsimnjasdsnj`asdjrraKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 627 16 441

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Jhtrj j` Idj`m y `a djrraNdrjiidugraveh5 Avna nj Lanrdn 34 `mia` 3767 bull Yah Lartigraveh nj Va`njdb`jsdas (LANSDN)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsjhtrjj`idj`my`atdjrra

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mab`dmKarraodsjs ^j`f5 +9gt 627 662 319 rsquo +9gt 627 662 313

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ljhsaejrms nj `a uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lanjra 1 - Caem

37gt bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwitvjsZYJSYijlj`gmljgtl

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijlj`lanrdnKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 9gt 41 976 3 77 rsquo 9gt 41 91gt 7 17bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms y Ndvu`baidugraveh

Jspigraverdta (IJTNJ)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lmhtjra 1-13 3ordf [`ahta - Hmicro 9 3719 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwijynjlanrdnmrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5aurmravaziaca``jrmKgmtlad`iml

ijynjlanrdnKyagmmjs

^j`f5 9gt 41 37 gt 71 rsquo +9gt 672 446 79

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundm Jspigraverdta jugraveh NjhdsNdrjiidugraveh5 Cmhjtjrm 9 ljtrm [dm WDD 3716 bull Lanrdn

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 `jmhnjhdsijKblad`imlRjc5 www`jmhnjhdsjs - wwwc`mb`jmhnjhdsjs

Laacute`ababull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas A``ah OarnjiNdrjiidugraveh5 I Gaumlrmjs nj Ymstma 29 J-1micro

343 bull Laacute`abaRjc5 wwwjndtmrajspdrdtaa``ahoarnjijs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 a`cmrahjndtmraKmhmiml

^j`f5 9gt 43 397 67 rsquo +9gt 62 7 32

Luridabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Sjidhtm nj [az Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a [az1 1micro N ([atdntildem) 913 LuridaRjc5 wwwijrjidhtmnjpazjs

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijrjidhtmnjpazKrjidhtmnjpazjs

ldbuj`ldvjbaKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 664 96 14

[mhtjvjnrabull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta [az Arlmhigravea y Iardnan

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Sotildea [jhds 31 - 1micro Niga 9631 bull Vdbm ([MH^JVJNSA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijpazarlmhdalmryiardnanKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 +9gt 61 7gt 136

Yjvd``abull Asmidaidugraveh Ijhtrm nj Jstundms

Jspigraverdtas nj Yjvd``aNdrjiidugraveh5 [rmspjrdnan 9 rdaha gt11 bull Yjvd``a

Rjc5 wwwjspdrdtassjvd``ajsImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 bjhmvjvala``mKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 4gt 379 7 rsquo +9gt 6 gt71 794

bull Brupm Jspigraverdta Hujvm Alahjijr Emahha nj Ahbj`ds

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ndjbm [ujrta 1 Jsi 9gt 2 A gt14 bull Yjvd``aRjc5 wwwhujvmalahjijrjspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtashujvmalahjijrKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 + 9gt 62 44 462 - + 9gt 62 44 46

^arrabmhabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Emahha nj Ahbj`dsNdrjiidugraveh5 [ucd`` Mrdm` 33

gt931 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 422 9gt6 16gt rsquo +9gt 63 gt61 67gt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Lahuj` y Ndva`nmNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Vdjhtm gt93 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)Rjc5 wwwijlyniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ar`dhbbKyagmmjs ^j`f5 +9gt 676 gt4 2gt6

Va`jhida

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Va`jhida Gmbar FratjrhmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Vd``ahujva nj Iastj``ugraveh 33 gt64 bull Va`jhidaRjc5 wwwasjsvamrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 gmbarfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 469 3 46 7

IJH^SMY JY[IgraveSD^AY MHDHJbull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aNdrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat (uhjs Ldaumlrim`js y Eujvjs 33g9)

Rjc5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`jfmhm5 +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas ‐YdhFrmhtjrasldquo

Ndrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat(Nmldhbms 31g)

Rjc5 gttp5ijjsdhfrmhtjrasjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijjsdhfrmhtjrasKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta

Abjhna Irdstdaha - JNDIJD gt ₠

A`cmrana Irdstdaha (Ljndahm) gt ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrDD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

Aacuternua Asijhsdugraveh 13 ₠

Atjhidugraveh (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ialdhm Vjrnan y Vdna - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Iartd``a nj` Cdjh - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Iuahnm Sjbrjsj `a [rdlavjra (Hmrla`) 2 ₠

Iujhtms Jspdrdtdstas 4 ₠

Njsnj a Mtra Vdna gt ₠

Njspdjrtj y Yja Fj`dz - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` A`la js Dhlmrta` 7 ₠

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta 4 ₠

J` Idj`m y j` Dhfijrhm - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Jspigraverdtu nj `a Vjrnan - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` Jvahbj`dm Yjbotildeh j` Jspdrdtdslm -JNDIJD

1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Yjr Yucimhsidjhtj 6 ₠

Jh `m Dhvdsdc`j 7 ₠

Jh `ms Nmldhdms nj `a Ljndulhdnan -JNDIJD

4 ₠

Jhtrj `a djrra y j` Idj`m - JNDIJD 4 ₠Jspdrdtdslm Lmnjrhm OA DJ ODHB - FJJ ₠

Jspdrdtdslm y Jim`mbigravea - JNDIJD 7 ₠

B`msardm Jspigraverdta (Cm`sd``m) 6 ₠

Buigravea [raacuteitdia nj` Jspdrdtdsta - FJJ ₠

Gdphmtdslm y Jspdrdtdslm 7 ₠

Ejsotildes jh j` Gmbar - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Eustdida Ndvdha - JNDIJD 7 ₠

a Baumlhjsds - JNDIJD 1 ₠

a Vdna jh Fald`da gt ₠

dcjraidugraveh - JNDIJD 4 ₠

as Vdnas Yuijsdvas 4 ₠

ms Ljhsaejrms - JNDIJD 7 ₠

ms Lujrtms Ydbujh Vdvdjhnm 6 ₠

Lahms Zhdnas (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljndtaidmhjs (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljlmrdas nj` [anrj Bjrlaacuteh 2 ₠

Ljhsaej nj uh Anm`jsijhtj njsnj j`Luhnm Jspdrdtua` - JNDIJD ₠

Ldsdmhjrms nj `a uz - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Lujrtj js Vdna 6 ₠

Hujstrm Gmbar - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Mcrjrms nj `a Vdna Jtjrha - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[ah Hujstrm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[jhsaldjhtm y Vdna - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Sj`dbdugraveh nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 177 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 174 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Yjntildea` Vjrnj gt ₠

Yjxm y Njstdhm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Ydjlcra nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Yuc`dlj Jxpdaidugraveh - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Vdna Fj`dz - JNDIJD 2 ₠

Lm`njahnm j` ^jrijr Ld`jhdm - Vdna yMcra nj Ndva`nm [ Frahim

1 ₠

Vdna y Yjxm - JNDIJD 6 ₠

T `a Vdna Imhtdhotildeahellip JNDIJD 7 ₠

dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ

Ugraverbahm jndtmrda` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a sdh aacutehdlm nj `uirm quj rjdhvdjrtj jh j` prmpdm

`dcrm jspigraverdta Yj gaijh jhvigravems imhtra rjjlcm`sm Gaba su pjndnm prjfjrdc`jljhtj pmr imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim adhfmKjspdrdtdslmii m pmr tj`aumlfmhm5 636 911 771

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Vdna ahtjs nj `a Vdna

Jhtrjvdsta a Iar`msSmcjrtm Ialpjttd

Jhfjrljnanjs nj` a`la[aacutebdha 1gt

Jvdnjhidas Idjhtigravefiias a favmr nj`a Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna [aacutebdha 3

[`ahjaldjhtm rjjhiarhatmrdm[aacutebdha 13

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐ms Gdems nj` Ayjrldquo

[aacutebdha 37

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 3bull Jndidugraveh Mitucrj 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

1 antildems nj J` `dcrm nj `ms laumlnduls

Jhtrjvdsta a` LaumlndulNdva`nm Frahim

Ljndulhdnan nj jfjitms figravesdims[aacutebdha 1gt

^rahsimluhdiaidugraveh dhstruljhta`[aacutebdha 3

Fmrlaidugraveh nj` Laumlndul[aacutebdha 13

Jspdrdtdslm jh a dtjratura

[aacutebdha 37

frac12Ejsotildes jra laumlndul=[aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 1bull Jndidugraveh Eu`dm 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Jspdrdtdslm imlm fi`msmfigravea nj vdna

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm57bull Jndidugravehacrd`31gtbull [rjidm59

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm52bull JndidugravehMitucrj 319bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

ms Ijhtrms jspdrdtdstas njcjh sjr`a iaacutetjnra nj` Jspigraverdtu nj Vjrnan

QZAuml JY J JY[DSD^DYLM=

DH^SMNZIIDUgraveHA IMHMIDLDJH^M NJ LZHNM DHVDYDCJ

[MS AY LAHDFJY^AIDMHJY NJ MY JY[IgraveSD^ZY

Imhtdjhj j` rjsuljh nj ms prdhidpdms nj a nmitrdha jspdrdtdsta y as rjs-pujstas a as prdhidpa`js mcejidmhjs

pmr

A``ah - Oarnjiautmr nj` dcrm nj ms jspigraverdtus y nj` dcrm nj ms Ljnduls

JNDIDUgraveH JIMHUgraveLDIA

[rjidm 3 rja`js

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh Jspantildea

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm56bull JndidugravehEu`dm319bull[rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5bull JndidugravehLarzm319bull [rjidm59₠

nj a FJJ

Jspdrdtdslm jh j` luhnm[aacutebdha 37

[rjiursmrjs nj` Jspdrdtdslm[aacutebdha 6

Artgur Imhah Nmy`j[aacutebdha 32

Idjhtigravefiims jspigraverdtas nj`sdb`m WDW [aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a rjvj`aidugraveh jspigraverdtay A``ah Oarnji [aacutebdha 17

a SjvujYpdrdtj [aacutebdha 3

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

a Vdna jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

[sdim`mbigravea jh j` laacutes a``aacute[aacutebdha 1gt

Aacutehbj`js BuarndahjsJspigraverdtus [rm-tjitmrjsFald`darjs y Ydlpaacutetdims

[aacutebdha 32[jrdjspigraverdtu

[aacutebdha 33

ms Yujntildems Jspdrdtua`js[aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐HMYYM ASldquo

Jhtrjvdsta aYahtdaba Hmbujrm [aacutebdha 1

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5gtbull JndidugravehYjptdjlcrj 313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

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njr [aacutebdha 12

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H 1 rsquo 1 Antildems nj` ‐dcrm nj`ms Laumlndulsldquo

H 3 rsquo Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna

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pjndnmsrjvdstafjjKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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DHFMSLAIDUgraveH T SJYJSVAY5

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bull J` Luhnm Dhvdsdc`j

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bull J` laacutes a``aacute nj` sudidna

bull a lotildesdia jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

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bull Jspigraverdtus y su gdstmrda jh `a gulahd-

nan

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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1JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AY JY[JIDJY NJYNJ J [ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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`ms idtanms autmrjs sj pmnrigravea njnuidr quj j` prdhidpdmdhtj`dbjhtj sj jejridta jh j` rjdhm ldhjra` jxpjrdljhtahnmjxaitaljhtj iaraitjrigravestdias imlm `a imlcdhaidugraveh quigraveldianj `ms j`jljhtms caacutesdims `a jstruitura irdsta`dha jh qujjsa imlcdhaidugraveh js anqudrdna y `as trahsfmrlaidmhjs quj `ahatura`jza y j` gmlcrj jejrijh smcrj jsj rjsu`tanm Jstarigraveanj jsa fmrla prjparaacutehnmsj para imhtdhuar su emrhana jhj` rjdhm vjbjta` tjrrjstrj

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Sjdhm vjbjta`

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auml` sj jhiujhtra laacutes aijhtuana5 imbj nj` ljndm alcdjhtjsu a`dljhtaidugraveh Imlm `ms ahdla`js `as p`ahtas haijhvdvjh irjijh sj hutrjh rjspdrah sj rjprmnuijh y lujrjhImlm aquj``ms talcdaumlh j``as hjijsdtah nj `uz nj ia`mry nj abua sj atrmfiah y lujrjh iuahnm `js fa`tah jsmsj`jljhtms a acsmridugraveh nj uh adrj vdidanm y nj sucstahidasnj`jtaumlrjas `as jhvjhjha Mfrjijh imlm iaraacuteitjr ndstdhtdvmlaacutes aijhtuanm imhsjrvarsj prjsas a` suj`m y imbjr nj auml``a hutrdidugraveh sdh lmvjrsj

Dhtjrljndaidugraveh jhtrj j` vjbjta` y j` ahdla`

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imh imhsidjhida nj su jxdstjhida y nj su dhndvdnua`dnanHm mcrah sugrave`m pmr dhstdhtm hm tdjhjh irjatdvdnan aiaraitjrigravestdia caacutesdia js `a j`acmraidugraveh nj` dhstdhtm

Sjdhm ahdla`

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dhtjstdha`js `ms lm`usims ahdla`js iarhmsms sdh gujsmsa`buhms nj j``ms njshunms imlm `as `mlcrdijs `ms pu`pmsjti Mtrms prmvjhdjhtjs nj imhigas imlm j` iaraim` `amstra `ms irustaacuteijms iuya pdj` js rjvjstdna nj uha imstranura imlm j` iahbrjem `a `ahbmsta `ms dhsjitms a `msiua`js `a vdna prmpdida prmndbdmsa aitdvdnan y sj lahdfijstaj` dhstdhtm dhbjhdmsm imlm `a gmrldba `a acjea `a arantildeaA`buhms sj ljtalmrfmsjah imlm j` busahm quj sj

trahsfmrla jh j`jbahtj lar dpmsa Vdjhj njspuaumls j` mrnjhnj ms vjr tjcranms ahdla`js nj jsquj`jtm ugravesjm mrnjh qujimlprjhnj `ms pjijs `ms raumlptd`js `ms paacuteearms sdbujh pmrfih `ms laligravefjrms iuya mrbahdzaidugraveh js laacutes imlp`jta

a imhndidugraveh quj iaraitjrdzarigravea j` prdhidpdm jspdrdtua`jh jsta fasj sjrigravea `a anqudsdidugraveh nj` dhstdhtm a` prdhidpdm jh`ms ahdla`js dhfjrdmrjs castahtj sdlp`js [mstjrdmrljhtjjh `ms laligravefjrms pmr `ms ugraverbahms laacutes cdjh tracaeanms sj

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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16 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AY JY[JIDJY NJYNJ J [ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A

prjsjhtarigravea imh laacutes a`ta y purdfiiana jfiidjhida prjparahnmpara laacutes anj`ahtj dhbrjsar jh j` rjdhm nj `a razugraveh Js pmr

j` dhstdhtm quj `ms ahdla`js smh avdsanms nj `m quj `jsimhvdjhj m pjreundia5 quj cusiah imhfmrlj `a jstaidugraveh`ms i`dlas prmpdidms quj imhstruyjh sdh jhsjntildeahza prjvdaimh laacutes m ljhms artj sjbotildeh `as jspjidjs `jigms c`ahnmsy acrdbms para sus prmbjhdjs tralpas para atrapar `a prjsanj quj sj hutrjh quj lahjeah ndjstraljhtj `as arlasmfjhsdvas y njfjhsdvas nj quj smh prmvdstms quj `ms sjxmssj aprmxdlah quj `a lanrj buigravea a `ms gdems y quj aumlstmscusiah j` sjhm latjrhm

Dhtjrljndaidugraveh jhtrj j` ahdla` y j` gmlcrj

Jhtrj `a dhffiujhida nj `a hatura`jza ahdla` y jspdrdtua`j` jspigraverdtu sj va `dcjrahnm nj `a latjrda gasta a`iahzar `ap`jhdtun ndvdha a ausjhida nj gd`ms jh jsta trahsdidugraveh sjnjcj a `a jvm`uidugraveh quj sj prmijsa fujra nj `a latjrdanmhnj j` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj sj jhiujhtra rjvjstdnm nj `aprmfmrla jspdrdtua` imrrjspmhndjhnm a a jspjidj sufrdjhnmlmndfiiaidmhjs anaptatdvas quj sj vjh iu`ldhanas jh j`p`ahm latjr da`

Ahnrauml udz hms ndij quj para a`iahzar `a jnan nj`a razugraveh imh j` tigravetu`m nj gmlcrj nmtanm nj razugraveh y

ndsijrhdldjhtm j` sjr autmlatdzanm jh sus dlpu`sms njialdhm gaida j` rjdhm ahbauml`dim jlp`jugrave hana ljhms qujuh cd``ugraveh y ljndm nj antildems Imh `a imhqudsta nj `a razugravehaparjidjrmh `a `uidnjz j` `dcrj a`cjnrigravem j` pjhsaldjhtmimhtdhum Gasta jhtmhijs j` prmbrjsm sj naca pmr `a fujrzanj `as imsas ya quj hm tjhigravea imhidjhida nj su rja`dnan hd

talpmim `dcjr tan nj j`jiidugraveh A` jhtrar jh j` rjdhm gmldha`

ya sigrave jstaacute aptm para ndrdbdr su vdna y imhqudstar `ms va`mrjsa travaumls nj` jsfujrzm prmpdm Agmra njcjraacute jsfmrzarsj jh`a `uiga para imhqudstar `ms va`mrjs supjrdmrjs nj` a`la`a rjspmhsacd`dnan `a sjhsdcd`dnan `a suc`dlaidugraveh nj `as

jlmidmhjs js njidr tmnm `m quj va a hjijsdtar para ``jbara jspigraverdtus purms

Jh j` gmlcrj sugrave`m a` imldjhzm nj `a vdna nmldhaj` dhstdhtm imh jxi`usdvdnan Js pmr dhstdhtm quj j` hdntildemgaij `ms prdljrms lmvdldjhtms quj tmla j` a`dljhtm qujbrdta para jxprjsar sus hjijsdnanjs quj dldta j` smhdnmnj `a vmz quj dhtjhta gac`ar y ahnar Jh j` prmpdm anu`tmidjrtms aitms smh dhstdhtdvms ta`js imlm `ms lmvdldjhtmsjspmhtaacutehjms para jvdtar uh rdjsbm para gudr nj uh pj`dbrmpara lahtjhjr j` jqud`dcrdm nj` iujrpm ta`js imlm j`parpanjar para lmnjrar j` crd``m nj `a `uz acrdr `a cmiapara rjspdrar jti J` gmlcrj tdjhj tmnm `m quj jxdstj jh`as p`ahtas y jh `ms ahdla`js nmldha tmnas `as mtras i`asjspmr su dhtj`dbjhida jspjida` d`dldtana quj a `a vjz `j na

imhidjhida nj su futurm pjridcj `as imsas jxtrasjhsmrda`js tdjhj rjspmhsacd `dnan lmra` imhmidldjhtm nj Ndms y susdbudjhtj pasm js `a ahbj`dtun

Cdc`dmbrafigravea5

AHNSANJ GB Lujr tj rjhaidldjhtm jvm`uidugravehZha cdm`mbigravea trasijhnjhta` Iaraias 5 Idla 144AHNSAumlA NMY YAH^MY E Dlpu`sms Irdatdvms naJvm`uacirceacutem Sdm nj Eahjdrm5 Ymidjtm mrjhz 144IDAL[MHD N A jvm`uacirceacutem nm pr dhiigravepdm dhtj`dbjhtj Yeacutem[au`m 5 FJJY[ 144NJAHHJ B a jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldia Cujhms Adrjs 5Fuhnaidugraveh Jspigraverdta Gulahdsta A``ah Oarnji 3gt

NJHDY J` prmc`jla nj` sjr nj` njstdhm y nj` nm`mr_Jh igravehja5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjsOASNJI A J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus _Jh `igravehja5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjsOASNJI A a Baumlhjsds _Jh igravehja5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjsWAVDJS FI A ialdhm nj `a `uz _Jh `igravehja5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjsWAVDJS FI Jh j` luhnm laymr _Jh `igravehja5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjsWAVDJS FI Jvm`uidugraveh jh nms luhnms _Jh `igravehja5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjsWAVDJS FI Ljiahdslms nj `a ljndulhdnan Cujhms

Adrjs 5 Fuhnaidugraveh Jspigraverdta Gulahdsta A``ah Oarnji33

laquoJ` jspigraverdtu nujrlj jh j` ldhjra` sujntildea jh j` vjbjta`

sj abdta jh j` ahdla` y njspdjrta jh j` gmlcrjiquest

( Njhds)

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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12AZ^MLA^DYLM T [JSDJY[IgraveSD^Z bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

AZ^MLA DYLM T [JSDJY[IgraveSD^Z

a prdljra vjz quj jh `a Nmitrdha Jspigraverdta aparjijj` imhijptm nj pjrdjspigraverdtu js jh `a iujstdugraveh hmicro 49 nj J`

dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus nmhnj aumlstms hms dhfmrlah nj qujlaquoJ` Jspigraverdtu jstaacute rjvjstdnm nj uha sucstahida vapmrmsapara td pjrm luy brmsjra aotildeh para hmsmtrmsiquest A``ah Oar-

nji a partdr nj j``m jh j` imljhtardm quj sdbuj a jstarjspujsta hmlcra ‐pjrdjspigraverdtuldquo a jsa jhvm`tura quj rj-vdstj a` Jspigraverdtu

Idjh antildems njspuaumls nj jsa prdljra njfihdidugraveh nj J`

dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus jh jhjrm nj 147 jh `a mcra Jvm-

`uidugraveh jh nms luhnms j` Jspigraverdtu Ahnrauml udz hms mfrj-

ij jhtrj mtrms j` sdbudjhtj apuhtj smcrj j` pjrdjspigraverdtu(iujrpm jspdrdtua`)5 laquoJh j` iujrpm jspdrdtua` pmsjjlms tmnm j` jqudpaldjhtm nj rjiursms autmlaacutetdims quj smhimhqudstanms luy `jhtaljhtj pmr j` Yjr nurahtj ld`j-hdms y ld`jhdms nj jsfujrzm y rjiapdtu`aidugraveh jh `ms lotilde`td-p`js sjitmrjs nj `a jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldiaiquest (iap DD)

[mr mtrm `anm sacjlms quj j` Jspigraverdtu hm sj pujnjimhijcdr sdh a dnja nj a fmrla m nj` iujrpm quj m rjvds- tj fmrlahnm pmr tahtm j` pjrdjspigraverdtu partj dhtjbrahtj

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jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldiaiquest

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(Carij`mha) y uh jhtusdasta tracaeanmr y ndvu`banmr nj `a NmitrdhaJspigraverdta

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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17 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull AZ^MLA^DYLM T [JSDJY[IgraveSD^Z

jspjida`dzahnmldquo surbdjhnm pau`atdhaljhtj iana vjz laacuteshigravetdna y njfihdna jsa jstruitura astra` dhtjrljndarda jh- trj j` luhnm dhvdsdc`j y j` luhnm latjrda` quj ld`jhdmsnjspuaumls jh `a uhdnan JspigraverdtuYjr gulahm sj imhsm`dnaimlm j` pjrdjspigraverdtu

T tmnm j``m sdjlprj ga sdnm a casj nj jxpjrdjhidasjsfujrzms sairdfiidms y aprjhndzaejs anqudrdnms nurahtjld`jhms nj prujcas nj ‐sufrdldjhtmldquo nj jhtrjhaldjhtmnj rjpjtdidmhjs y nj laacutes rjpjtdidmhjs irjahnm imh j`pasm nj` tdjlpm uha sjrdj nj autmlatdslms cdm`ugravebdims

nj njfjhsa nj supjrvdvjhida y nj dhluhdnan quj sjnd-ljhtarmh jh j` iujrpm astra` nj` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj

J` prmijsm jvm`utdvm pmr tahtm hm ga sdnm sugrave`m uhpasm nj uhas fmrlas a mtras Js luigm laacutes5 sdbhdfiia uhigravehtdlm pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm nj fuhidmhjs psigravequdias y nj asimrrjspmhndjhtjs jstruituras astra`jsfigravesdias quj pjrld- tjh jxprjsar`as njsnj `as laacutes sdlp`js fmrlas a `ms mr-bahdslms laacutes imlp`jems nmhnj `as faiu`tanjs rundljh- tardas sj njsjhvm`vdjrmh suijsdvaljhtj aituahnm smcrjjsa jstruitura jxtrafigravesdia lmndfiiaacutehnm`a y njeahnm jhj``a jh iana pasm y jh iana jtapa ms trazms y sjntildea`js nj`prmbrjsm rja`dzanm

Imh j` trahsiursm nj` tdjlpm y `a rjpjtdidugraveh nj `asjxpjrdjhidas j` jspigraverdtu anqudjrj aprjhndzaejs jh tmnm ynj tmnm jh `as vdidsdtunjs nj sus `uigas imhstahtjs pmrprmbrjsar jh `ms pmrljhmrjs nj `as jxpjrdjhidas suij-sdvas y jh tmnas `as aitdtunjs quj a fujrza nj vdvdr`asuha y mtra vjz njspuaumls nj ‐tahtm jhtrjhaldjhtmldquo `asdhimrpmra jh su dhtdldnan imhvdrtdjhnm `ms lmvdldjhtmsy jsfujrzms quj jh uh prdhidpdm rjsu`tacah ‐pjhmsmsldquo y‐vm`uhtardmsldquo jh faacuteid`js dhimhsidjhtjs y ljiaacutehdims paraljemr y laacutes raacutepdnaljhtj njfjhnjrsj nj `as anvjrsdna-njs nj` ljndm y smcrjvdvdr jh `a `uiga pmr `a hjijsdnan

jhradzaacutehnmsj tmnm j``m imlm autmlatdslms jh `ms jh-brahaejs nj `a fisdm`mbigravea ahigraveldia js njidr jh j` iujrpmastra`

Iana vjz quj j` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj tjhigravea quj jej-iutar uha aiidugraveh m uha sjrdj nj lmvdldjhtms pmr prd-ljra vjz njcigravea gaijr`m ‐nj lahjra vm`uhtardaldquo js njidrrjqudrdjhnm nj uh jsfujrzm imhsidjhtj para pmnjr rja`d-zar`m A casj nj rjpjtdr jsms lmvdldjhtms y aiidmhjs jhhuljrmsas miasdmhjs sj fujrmh irjahnm uha sjrdj njasmidaidmhjs ndhaacuteldias y jstac`js jh j` iujrpm astra` qujsj aitdvah nj lahjra autmlaacutetdia jh iuahtm sj prjidsa njj``m a` vdvdr `as ldslas sdtuaidmhjs y jxpjrdjhidas tahtasvjijs ya vdvdnas ahtjrdmrljhtj

Nj jstj lmnm `jjlms jh j` iap gt nj Jvm`uidugraveh jhnms luhnms quj laquoj` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj p`aslugrave jh suprmpdm vjgigraveiu`m nj jxtjrdmrdzaidugraveh `as imhqudstas qujfuhnaljhtah su irjidldjhtm faiu`tahnm imh j` trahsiur-sm nj` tdjlpm j` autmlatdslm fisdm`ugravebdim pmr j` iua` sdhhdhbotildeh mcstaacuteiu`m jejiuta tmnms `ms aitms prdlardms nj`a lahutjhidugraveh prjsjrvaidugraveh y rjhmvaidugraveh nj su prmpdavdnaiquest Jstj autmlatdslm prjsjhtj jh `as fuhidmhjs fisdm-`ugravebdias js j` rjsu`tanm nj `a sula nj jxpjrdjhidas nj`prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj jh su iujrpm astra` a travaumls nj `mssdb`ms Asigrave pujs fmrlanm nurahtj ld`js nj antildems jh `ms ta``jrjs nj `a hatura`jza j` pjrdjspigraverdtu gjrjnugrave j` autm-

latdslm pjrlahjhtj quj `m lahtdjhj aituahtj braidas

a `m iua` j` sjr gulahm hm hjijsdta prmbralarsj m pjh-sar para rjspdrar nmrldr prmlmvjr fjhugraveljhms ndbjstdvmsjxirjtar jti

A`botildeh nigravea ``jbaraacute jh quj talcdaumlh j`sjr gulahm imhqudstaraacute j dhtjrdmrdzaraacuteaitdtunjs nj almr para jxtjrdmrdzar`assdh jsfujrzm a`buhmhellip njspuaumls nj tahtmsjrrmrjs y rjitdfiiaidmhjs `m garaacute imlm uhautmlatdslm laacutes

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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14AZ^MLA^DYLM T [JSDJY[IgraveSD^Z bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

Js njidr quj j` sjr gulahm pmr su pjrdjspigraverdtu jspmsjjnmr pmr asigrave njidr`m nj uha ‐ljlmrda cdm`ugravebdialdquo(ahatugraveldia y fisdm`ugravebdia) quj sj ga dnm imhstruyjhnmpaidjhtjljhtj jh tmna `a asijhsdugraveh nj` prdhidpdm jspd-rdtua` pmr `a jsia`a zmm`ugravebdia nj `a vdna mrbaacutehdia jh `aquj jh jsa jstruitura jxtrafigravesdia dhnjfihdna rundljhtarday almrfa jh `ms sjrjs dhdida`js y quj jh j` sjr gulahmsj imhsm`dna imlm j` pjrdjspigraverdtu sj gah fieanm tmnms`ms rjiursms cjhjfiidms ljiahdslms y `jyjs nj jsa vdnamrbaacutehdia nj supjrvdvjhida y nj anaptaidugraveh y quj gmy sj

jhiujhtrah pjrfjitaljhtj jstruituranms y njfihdnms jhj` sjr gulahm y braidas a `m iua` tmnms hmsmtrms jejiu- talms nj fmrla hatura` y imlp`jtaljhtj autmlaacutetdia tmnms `ms aitms prdlardms y caacutesdims nj` fuhidmhaldjhtmfisdm`ugravebdim nj hujstrm mrbahdslm y uh sdhfigraveh nj fuhidmhjsquj hms pasah njsapjridcdnas

Nj lahjra quj j` iujrpm figravesdim mcjnjij a jsmsautmlatdslms pjrdjspdrdtua`js dhi`usm iuahnm j` jqudpmJspigraverdtupjrdjspigraverdtu sj jlahidpa parida`ljhtj nj auml` quj-nahnm uhdnm tah sugrave`m pmr a`buhms `azms ffiuigravendims sufi-idjhtjs para prjsjrvar `as fuhidmhjs cdm`ugravebdias sdh hdhbotildehpjreudidm Jh j` [`ah Ndvdhm nj a jvm`uidugraveh jra hjijsardm

quj j` jspigraverdtu pasasj prdljrm pmr tmna uha sjrdj njjxpjrdjhidas caacutesdias a fih nj dr fieahnm jh su jhvm`turajxtrafigravesdia `as `jyjs quj ndrdbjh `a vdna mrbaacutehdia para jh- trjbarsj njspuaumls a `ms tracaems prmpdms nj pjrfjiidmha-ldjhtm lmra` j dhtj`jitua` quj sj dhdidah jh j` Jspigraverdtusjr gulahm

Zha vjz ya p`jhaljhtj imhqudstana jsa jtapa dhdida`a`botildeh nigravea `jbaraacute sdh nuna jh quj talcdaumlh j` sjr gulahmimhqudstaraacute j dhtjrdmrdzaraacute aitdtunjs nj almr para jxtj-rdmrdzar`as sdh jsfujrzm a`buhm [mrquj talcdaumlh a casjnj jhtrjhm aprjhndzaejs y jxpjrdjhidas fmrlaraacuteh partj

nj su dhtdldnan jspdrdtua` hm hjijsdtahnm jsfmrzarsj paraalar pmrquj njspuaumls nj tahtms jrrmrjs y rjitdfiiaidmhjs`m garaacute imlm uh autmlatdslm laacutes

Hmta5

Yj `ala pjrdjspigraverdtu a` vjgigraveiu`m dhtjrljndardm jh-

trj j` Jspigraverdtu y j` iujrpm figravesdim a partdr nj `a jspjidj

gulaha Ahtjs jh `ms rjdhms dhfjrdmrjs jsj iujrpm dh-

tjrljndardm `m gj hmlcranm imlm iujrpm jstruitura

astra` jhvm`tura jxtrafigravesdia vjgigraveiu`m dhtjrljndardm Nj`

ldslm lmnm j` Jspigraverdtu (dhndvdnua`dnan imh imhidjhida

prmpda) jlpdjza su trayjitmrda a partdr talcdaumlh nj `a

fasj gulaha Jsj psdqudslm ahtjs nj `a jtapa gulaha

`m gj hmlcranm imlm jspigraverdtu (imh ldhotildesiu`a) m prdh-

idpdm dhtj`dbjhtj

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY=

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frac12^DJHJH ALAMY AHDLAJY=

Jstj js j` tigravetu`m nj uhm nj `ms `dcrms nj JrhjstmCmzzahm imh 19 iasms quj `m njlujstrah (Jh uhhotildeljrm pmstjrdmr nj `a Sjvdsta gac`arjlms nj a`buhmsnj jsms iasms imdhidndjhnm imh `a prugravexdla jndidugraveh njjstj `dcrm jh iastj``ahm)

Ndem jugraveh Njhds5 laquoJ` a`la nujrlj jh j` ldhjra`sujntildea jh j` vjbjta` sj lujvj jh j` ahdla` y njspdjrta jhj` gmlcrjiquest J` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj prdhidpdm nj` Jspigraverdtuimldjhza su imhtaitm imh `a latjrda jh j` ldhjra` Asigravejh j` rjdhm ldhjra` j` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj rjffijearigraveasu prjsjhida jh `as lahdfjstaidmhjs nj `as fujrzas njatraiidugraveh y imgjsdugraveh imh quj `as lm`aumliu`as sj abrupahJh j` rjdhm vjbjta` lmstrarigravea laymrjs anqudsdidmhjs pmrj` fjhugraveljhm nj sjhsdcd`dnan ij`u`ar Jh j` rjdhm ahdla`j` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj sularigravea hujvas anqudsdidmhjsrjffijeanas jh `ms dhstdhtms Jh j` rjdhm gmldha` tmnmjsj iauna` nj jxpjrdjhidas jstarigravea jhsahiganm pmr `mshujvms `astrjs nj `a imhidjhidaidugraveh quj trajh imhsdbmj` razmhaldjhtm `a afjitdvdnan a rjspmhsacd`dnan y mtras tahtas imhndidmhjs quj iaraitjrdzah jsta fasj J` prdhidpdmdhtj`dbjhtj pasa asigrave pmr ms ndfjrjhtjs rjdhms jh j` ldhjra`

(atraiidugraveh) jh j` vjbjta` (sjhsaidugraveh) y jh j` ahdla`(dhstdhtm) gasta ``jbar a sjr Jspigraverdtu jh j` rjdhm gmldha`(razugraveh)

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Sjspujsta5 laquoYigrave y quj smcrjvdvj a` iujrpmiquest

Zh prdhidpdm dhnjpjhndjhtj nj `a latjrda y qujsmcrjvdvj a` iujrpm

J 66 hms prjsjhta `a dhnabaidugraveh iruida`5 laquofrac12adhtj`dbjhida gulaha y `a nj `ms ahdla`js jlahah nj uhprdhidpdm otildehdim=iquest

Sjspujsta5 laquoYdh `ubar a nunas pjrm jh j` gmlcrjga rjidcdnm uha j`acmraidugraveh quj `a j`jva pmr jhidla nj`a nj` ahdla`iquest

Latjrda y jspigraverdtu imhstdtuyjh `ms nms j`jljhtmsbjhjra`js nj` uhdvjrsm jstahnm arrdca Ndms j` IrjanmrJsas trjs imsas imhstdtuyjh j` prdhidpdm nj iuahtm jxdstj`a rdhdnan Zhdvjrsa` (J 1-32) Jh `a Irjaidugraveh tmnmprmvdjhj nj` prdhidpdm latjrda`5 `a latjrda `ms ffiudnmsjti y nj` prdhidpdm jspdrdtua`5 `ms jspigraverdtus y `ms prdhidpdmsdhtj`dbjhtjs quj `j ahtjijnjh Jh vardas mpmrtuhdnanjsOarnji iujstdmha a `ms jspigraverdtus imh rjspjitm a jsm Asigrave`js prjbuhta (J 1-6gt) sd j` prdhidpdm vdta` fmrlarigravea uh tjrijr j`jljhtm anjlaacutes nj` jspigraverdtu y nj `a latjrda a`quj `ms jspigraverdtus rjspmhnjh hjbatdvaljhtj dhfmrlahnmquj jsj prdhidpdm tdjhj su fujhtj jh `as lmndfiiaidmhjsnj a latjrda uhdvjrsa` alcdaumlh js nj Oarnji (J 1-24) `adhnabaidugraveh5 laquo[ujstm quj nms j`jljhtms bjhjra`js gay jhZhdvjrsm5 j` j`jljhtm dhtj`dbjhtj y j` latjrda` frac12sj pmnrigraveaafirlar quj `ms Jspigraverdtus jstaacuteh fmrlanms nj` j`jljhtmdhtj`dbjhtj asigrave imlm `ms iujrpms dhjrtjs sj ga``ahdhtjbranms pmr j` j`jljhtm latjrda`=iquest T `a rjspujsta js

afirlatdvaA prdhidpdms nj `ms antildems 7 `ms idjhtigravefiims Emh Ag`qudst

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J 62A5 laquo[arjij jhtmhijs quj frac12j` a`la gacrigraveasdnm j` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj nj `ms sjrjs dhfjrdmrjs nj `airjaidugraveh=iquest

Sjspujsta5 laquofrac12Hm gjlms ndigm ya quj jh a Hatura`jza tmnm sj jhianjha y tdjhnj a `a uhdnan= Js jh jsms sjrjs a

`ms quj jstaacuteds `jems nj imhmijr jh su tmta`dnan nmhnj j`prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj sj j`acmra dhndvdnua`dzaacutehnmsj pmim apmim y sj jhsaya para `a vdna imhfmrlj gjlms afirlanm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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31frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

ahtjs Yj trata jh idjr tm lmnm nj uha tarja prjparatmrdaimlm `a nj `a bjrldhaidugraveh a imhsjiujhida nj `a iua` j`prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj jxpjrdljhta uha trahsfmrlaidugraveh ysj imhvdjrtj jh Jspigraverdtu Jhtmhijs imldjhza para auml` j`pjrdmnm nj gulahdnan ()iquest Jsa rjspujsta hm pujnj sjrlaacutes imhi`uyjhtj

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laquoJ` prdhidpdm jspdrdtua` sj aimbdugrave jh j` sjhm tjlp`anmnj as abuas a travaumls nj ms mrbahdslms ij`u`arjs Nurahtj

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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33 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY=

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bull J` taitm imh j` pasm nj` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj pmr`as iauml`u`as hui`jarjs imh sus dlpu`sms aljcdahms

bull a vdsta jh a sjhsdcd`dnan nj` p`asla jh ms ffiabj`mslmhmij`u`arjs jxpujstms a `a i`ardnan sm`ar

bull J` m`fatm jh `ms ahdla`js aiuaacutetdims laacutes sdlp`js jh`ms ialcdms nj alcdjhtj jh quj sj lujvjh

bull J` bustm jh `as p`ahtas prmvdstas nj pj`ms vdsimsmsnjstd`ahnm eubms

bull T j` sjxm jh `as a`bas quj hm sugrave`m pmsjigraveah iauml`u`aslasiu`dhas y fjljhdhas atraigravenas uhas a mtras sdhm talcdaumlh uh jscmzm nj jpdnjrlds sjhsdc`j

frac12Iugravelm ga sdnm gasta agmra a gdstmrda nj a apardidugravehnj jsas ndfjrjhtjs fmrlas nj vdna jh hujstrm p`ahjta=

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1 nj jhjrm - fmrlaidugraveh nj` uhdvjrsm a

partdr nj `a ‐brah jxp`msdugravehldquoA prdhidpdms nj laym - fmrlaidugraveh nj

hujstra ba`axda a Vigravea aacuteitja1 nj sjptdjlcrj - surbjh j` sdstjla sm`ar

y `a djrraA fiha`js nj sjptdjlcrj - surbj `a vdna jh

`a djrra[rdljrm nj mitucrj - surbjh caitjrdas y

a`bas uhdij`u`arjs14 nj mitucrj - caitjrdas dhdidah j` prmijsm

nj fmtmsigravehtjsds

3gt nj hmvdjlcrj - surbjh `ms prdljrmssjrjs vdvms uhdij`u`arjs pmsjjnmrjs nj hotildei`jmij`u`ar (juiardmhtjs)

A fiha`js nj hmvdjlcrj - surbjh `msprmijsms sjxua`js jh sjrjs uhdij`u`arjs

1 nj ndidjlcrj - gaij 12 ld``mhjs njantildems

13 nj ndidjlcrj - surbjh `as prdljrasp`ahtas y ahdla`js p`urdij`u`arjs

16 nj ndidjlcrj - sjrjs p`urdij`u`arjs sjjxpahnjh raacutepdnaljhtj jh a djrra

12 nj ndidjlcrj - surbjh `ms prdljrmssjrjs ahdla`js dhvjrtjcranms pmrtanmrjs njiaparazugraveh

3 nj ndidjlcrj - surbjh `ms prdljrmsahdla`js imh im`ulha vjrtjcra`

31 nj ndidjlcrj - surbjh `as prdljras

p`ahtas tjrrjstrjs `ms pjqujntildems ahficdmsacahnmhah ms larjs39 nj ndidjlcrj - surbjh `as sj`vas nj

iarcugraveh ldhjra` y surbjh `ms prdljrms rjptd`js3 nj ndidjlcrj - surbjh ms prjnjijsmrjs

nj ms ndhmsaurdms32 nj ndidjlcrj - sj njsarrm``ah `ms

prdljrms laligravefjrms a partdr nj `ms rjptd`js37 nj ndidjlcrj - surbjh as prdljras avjs34 nj ndidjlcrj - apmbjm nj `ms

ndhmsaurdms

9 nj ndidjlcrj - jxtdhidugraveh nj `ms saurdmsdhdidm nj `a asijhsdugraveh nj `ms laligravefjrms surbjh`ms prdljrms prdlatjs

91 nj ndidjlcrj - surbjh `ms sdldms yahtrmpmdnjs apardidugraveh nj ms prdljrms gmlcrjs

315gt - surbj jh Aacutefrdia j` Austra`mpdtjiusj` prjiursmr nj` gmlcrj gaij 9 ld``mhjs njantildems

335 - usm nj `as prdljras gjrraldjhtas(pmr j` Gmlm gacd`ds `a prdljra jspjidj nj`baumlhjrm gulahm quj vdvdugrave gaij 3 ld``mhjs njantildems

3352 - surbj j` Gmlm jrjitus - gaij 17ld``mhjs nj antildems3956 - surbj j` gmlcrj nj Hjahnjrta` (nj

`a jspjidj Gmlm sapdjhs)39575gt - surbj j` gmlcrj j` Gmlm

sapdjhs sapdjhsFa`tah gt sjbuhnms - haij Ejsotildes3gt5 rsquo agmra

[jrm jhtrjtahtm gay uha jvm`uidugraveh budana figravesdiay lmra` uhms js`acmhjs pjrndnms quj hm gjlmsjhimhtranm pujs hm js uha jvm`uidugraveh quj sj rjnuziaa jstj p`ahjta J` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj para ``jbar a sjrjspigraverdtu pasaraacute pmr mtras jspjidjs pmr mtras fmrlas yvdnas quj aotildeh jstalms `jems nj imhmijr pjrm auh asigrave nj`m quj imhmijlms imhtjlp`alms hm sugrave`m `a jvm`uidugravehnj `as jspjidjs quj imh Narwdh y j` jspigraverdta Susj``Ra``aij fuj imhtjlpmraacutehja a `a puc`diaidugraveh nj J` `dcrmnj `ms Jspigraverdtus Vjlms quj tras tmnm jsj prmijsm gay uhfih y uh njstdhm uh pmr quauml y uh para quauml uh prdhidpdmdhtj`dbjhtj njtraacutes jvm`uidmhahnm irjidjhnm rjpdtdjhnmaprjhndjhnm y jsia`a a jsia`a pmim a pmim ld`jhdm ald`jhdm js ljrjijnmr y imhqudstanmr nj sus `mbrms Ymhya 1 ld` ld``mhjs nj antildems quj j` gmlcrj prjtjhnjldrar pjrm aotildeh hm vj prjtjhnj jxp`diar pjrm aotildeh hm

imlprjhnj pjrm quj rjprjsjhtah `a guj``a dhnj`jc`j njNdms nj `a Jvm`uidugraveh nj` fih imhtuhnjhtj nj larigargaida `a dhtj`dbjhida gaida j` luhnm lmra`

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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39frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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jhtrj ms ahdla`js tahtm jh aquj``ms quj fmrlah brupmsimlm jh aquj``ms quj sj rjjhiarhah ya nmljstdianms[rmiuralms im`miar euhtms jspigraverdtus quj ya imhvdvdjrmh mquj faid`dta a apardidugraveh y a j`acmraidugraveh nj sjhtdldjhtmsiquest

ms ahdla`js irjah `azms afjitdvms hm sugrave`m jhtrj sigravesdhm talcdaumlh imh `ms sjrjs gulahms nj jsm tjhjlmsprujcas tmnms `ms nigraveas Igdim Wavdjr pmsjigravea uh pjrrm njhmlcrj Nmh [jnrdtm a` quj qujrigravea luigm Nmh [jnrdtmfuj atrmpj``anm y lurdugrave para njsimhsuj`m nj Igdim Zh tdjlpm njspuaumls Igdim ahnaca pmr `a ia``j iuahnm sjndm iujhta quj `j pjrsjbuigravea uh pjrrdtm Yj `j aparjijjhtmhijs Jllahuj` j` ljhtmr nj` laumlndul quj `j ndij5laquoIgdim jspjra y figraveeatj jh jstj pjrrdtm iexclJs Nmh [jnrdtmquj vuj`vj a tdiquest Igdim rjimbdugrave afjitumsaljhtj a`pjrrdtm y `j ndm j` hmlcrj nj Crdhqudhgm ms ldaumlrim`jsimhfmrlj iujhta Igdim ldjhtras auml` dca a rjidcdr ljhsaejsCrdhqudhgm aparjiigravea pmr a``igrave Bm`pjaca a pujr ta jspjracaa quj Igdim `a acrdjra y sj tulcaca qudjtjidtm ldjhtrasj` tracaem nj psdimbrafigravea sj njsarrm``aca Iuahnm tmnmfiha`dzaca Crdhqudhgm sj `jvahtaca y abuarnaca a qujIgdim acrdjra `a pujrta

frac12[mr quauml jxdstjh `ms ahdla`js=

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[jrm jsa ``ala ldstjrdmsa quj arnj jh tmnms `mssjrjs nj `a Irjaidugraveh hm sj jxtdhbuj sugrave`m sj tras`ana

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a `a sacdnurigravea a` Almr a` Jspigraverdtu [urm

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jsiapa a` ahaacute`dsds imlm tmnm iuahtm ndlaha nj` Acsm`utmIrjana pmr almr irjana para alar tah dhsdbhdfiiahtj qujpujnj sjr jhijrrana jh uha fmrla imcarnj y fraacutebd` tahbrahnj quj imh uh dlpu`sm nj su pjhsaldjhtm acariaj` Dhfihdtm j` a`la js uha partigraveiu`a nj `a jsjhida ndvdhaprmyjitana a` luhnm latjrda` Njsnj `a gmra jh qujiayugrave jh `a latjrda gjlms imhtjlp`anm j` ialdhm qujsdbudugrave para rjlmhtar gasta j` puhtm aitua` nj su iarrjra[rjidsugrave pasar pmr vigraveas msiuras rjvjstdr fmrlas ahdlarmrbahdslms quj njeaca a` sa`dr nj iana jxdstjhida imlmsj gaij imh uh vjstuardm dhotildetd` ^mnms jstms iujrpms njiarhj pjrjidjrmh j` smp`m nj `ms njstdhms `js ndspjrsugrave`as ijhdzas Las j` a`la pjrsdstj y pjrlahjij jh supjrpjtudnan prmsdbuj su lariga asijhnjhtj rjimrrj asdhhuljrac`js jstaidmhjs nj su vdaej y sj ndrdbj gaida uhfih brahnj y apjtjidc`j uh fih quj js `a pjrfjiidugraveh J`a`la imhtdjhj jh jstanm vdrtua` tmnms `ms baumlrljhjs njsu njsarrm``m futurm Jstaacute njstdhana a imhmijr anqudrdr ypmsjjr tmnm [ara rja`dzar sus fihjs tdjhj quj rjimrrjr jhj` tdjlpm y j` jspaidm uh ialpm sdh `igraveldtjs

J` mcejtdvm nj a jvm`uidugraveh a razugraveh nj sjr nj a vdnahm js `a fj`didnan tjrrjstrj imlm luigms jrrugravehjaljhtjirjjh y sigrave j` pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm nj iana uhm nj hmsmtrmsT jsj pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm njcjlms rja`dzar`m pmr ljndmnj` tracaem nj` jsfujrzm nj tmnas `as a`tjrhatdvas nj `aa`jbrigravea y nj` nm`mr gasta quj hms gayalms njsarrm``anmimlp`jtaljhtj y j`jvanm a` jstanm ij`jstj J` nm`mrfigravesdim y lmra` fmrla hujstra jxpjrdjhida a sacdnurigravea jsj` prjldm [mim a pmim j` a`la sj j`jva y imhfmrlj vasucdjhnm jh j``a sj va aiulu`ahnm uha sula sdjlprjirjidjhtj nj sacjr y vdr tun sj sdjhtj laacutes jstrjigaljhtjuhdna a sus sjljeahtjs sj imluhdia laacutes igravehtdlaljhtjimh su ljndm smida` y p`ahjtardm J`jvaacutehnmsj iana vjz laacuteshm tarna jh uhdrsj pmr `azms pueahtjs a as smidjnanjs nj`Jspaidm y njspuaumls a` Yjr Zhdvjrsa`

Asigrave `a vdna nj` sjr imhsidjhtj js uha vdna njsm`dnardnan y `dcjrtan dcrj njhtrm nj `ms `igraveldtjs quj `j

sjntildea`ah `as `jyjs jtjrhas sj imhstdtuyj jh arqudtjitm njsu njstdhm Yu anj`ahtaldjhtm js mcra suya Hdhbuhafata`dnan `m mprdlj sa`vm `a nj sus prmpdms aitms iuyasimhsjiujhidas rjiajh jh auml` las hm pujnj njsarrm``arsjy ljnrar sdhm jh a vdna im`jitdva imh j` rjiursm nj ianauhm y jh prmvjigm nj tmnms Iuahtm laacutes sucj tahtmlaacutes sj sdjhtj vdvdr y sufrdr jh tmnms y pmr tmnms Jh `ahjijsdnan nj j`jvarsj a sigrave ldslm atraj a sigrave para gaijr`ms``jbar a` jstanm jspdrdtua` a tmnms ms sjrjs gulahms qujpujc`ah `ms luhnms nmhnj vdvdjra Qudjrj gaijr pmrj``ms `m quj pmr auml` gdidjrah sus gjrlahms laacutes vdjems `msbrahnjs Jspigraverdtus quj `m budarah jh su lariga

a latjrda js j` mcstaacuteiu`m otildetd` prmvmia j` jsfujrzmy njsarrm``a `a vm`uhtan imhtrdcuyj para `a asijhsdugraveh nj`ms sjrjs dlpmhdaumlhnm`js hjijsdnanjs quj `ms mc`dbah

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY=

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Js `a `jy nj` jsfujrzm `jy suprjla pmr `a iua` j` sjrsj afirla trduhfa y sj njsarrm``a js `a labhigravefiia jpmpjyanj `a Gdstmrda `a `uiga jxtjrdmr quj ``jha j` luhnm a`uiga dhfjrdmr hm js ljhms imhlmvjnmra Iana vjz qujrjhaij tjhnraacute j` Jspigraverdtu quj aimlmnar anjiuar j` hujvmjhvm`tmrdm latjrda` quj `j va a sjrvdr nj lmrana y gaijrnj auml` uh dhstruljhtm iapaz nj tranuidr nj jxprjsar `asimhijpidmhjs nj su bjhdm A pjsar nj as njijpidmhjs nj`as njrrmtas a travaumls nj as jxdstjhidas rjhmvanas j` a`laimhsdbuj njsarrm``ar sus j`jvanas faiu`tanjs

Gay jh hmsmtrms uha smrna aspdraidugraveh uha igravehtdlajhjrbigravea ldstjrdmsa quj hms jhialdha gaida as a`turas qujhms gaij tjhnjr gaida njstdhms iana vjz laacutes j`jvanmsquj hms dlpj`j gaida m Cj``m y gaida j` Cdjh Js a jy nj`prmbrjsm a jvm`uidugraveh jtjrha quj buigravea a `a Gulahdnan a travaumls nj `as jnanjs y abudemhja a iana uhm nj hmsmtrmspmrquj jh `a Gulahdnan smh `as ldslas a`las quj njsdb`m jh sdb`m vuj`vjh para prmsjbudr imh `a ayuna njhujvms iujrpms prjparaacutehnmsj para luhnms ljemrjs jhsu mcra nj pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm

a `jy nj` prmbrjsm hm sj ap`dia sm`aljhtj a`gmlcrj js uhdvjrsa` Gay jh tmnms `ms rjdhms nj `aHatura`jza uha jvm`uidugraveh quj fuj rjimhmidna pmr `mspjhsanmrjs nj tmnms `ms tdjlpms Njsnj `a iauml`u`a vjrnjnjsnj j` jlcrdugraveh jrrahtj cmyahnm a ffimr nj `as abuas`a ianjha nj `as jspjidjs sj ga njsarrm``anm a travaumls njsjrdjs vardanas gasta hmsmtrms

Iana js`acugraveh nj jsa ianjha rjprjsjhta uha fmrlanj `a jxdstjhida quj imhnuij a uha fmrla supjrdmr a uhmrbahdslm laacutes r dim laacutes cdjh anaptanm a as hjijsdnanjsa `as lahdfjstaidmhjs irjidjhtjs nj `a vdna Las jh `a

jsia`a nj `a jvm`uidugraveh j` pjhsaldjhtm `a imhidjhida y`a `dcjrtan sugrave`m aparjijh pasanms luigms branms Jh `ap`ahta `a dhtj`dbjhida nmrldta jh j` ahdla` sujntildea sugrave`mjh j` gmlcrj njspdjrta sj imhmij sj pmsjj y sj vuj`vj

imhsidjhtj a partdr nj agigrave j` prmbrjsm nj a`buha sujrtjfata` jh `as fmrlas dhfjrdmrjs nj `a Hatura`jza sugrave`m sjpujnj rja`dzar pmr j` aiujrnm nj a vm`uhtan gulaha imh`as `jyjs Jtjrhas

a tjmrigravea nj `a jvm`uidugraveh njcj sjr imlp`jtana pmr`a nj `a [jriusdugraveh m sja pmr `a aiidugraveh nj `as pmtjhidasdhvdsdc`js quj aitdva y ndrdbj jsta `jhta y prmndbdmsalariga asijhsdmha` nj `a Vdna nj` B`mcm J` gmlcrjhms njlujstra `a jlcrdmbjhda js `a sigravehtjsds nj tmnas `asfmrlas vdvas quj `m prjijndjrah j` otilde`tdlm js`acugraveh nj `a`arba ianjha nj vdnas dhfjrdmrjs quj sj jxtdjhnj a travaumlsnj ms tdjlpms Las jsm js apjhas j` aspjitm jxtjrdmr nj`prmc`jla nj` mrdbjh ldjhtras quj alp`dm j dlpmhjhtjjs j` aspjitm dhtjrdmr Asigrave imlm iana haidldjhtm sjjxp`dia pmr `a caeana a `a iarhj nj uh a`la quj vdjhj nj`Jspaidm asigrave talcdaumlh `a prdljra apardidugraveh nj` gmlcrj jhj` [`ahjta njcj sjr atrdcudna a uha dhtjrvjhidugraveh nj `as[mtjhidas dhvdsdc`js quj bjhjrah `a vdna

a jvm`uidugraveh nj `ms luhnms y nj `as a`las jsrjbdna pmr `a Vm`uhtan Ndvdha quj pjhjtra y ndrdbj tmna`a Hatura`jza Las `a jvm`uidugraveh figravesdia js uha sdlp`jprjparaidugraveh para `a jvm`uidugraveh psigravequdia y `a asijhsdugraveh nj`as a`las prmsdbuj luigm laacutes a``aacute nj `a ianjha nj `msluhnms latjrda`js Hujstrm B`mcm js imlm uha arjhanmhnj sj tracah cata``as dhijsahtjs Jh su prmndbdmsafjiuhndnan bjhjra hujvms sjrjs las `ujbm `a lujrtjsdjba jh sus fi`as ijrranas Jsa `uiga gmrrjhna a prdljravdsta js hjijsarda para j` njsarrm``m nj` prdhidpdm nj vdnanura gasta j` nigravea jh quj uh raym nj dhtj`dbjhida vdjhj ad`uldhar `as imhidjhidas anmrljidnas Js jh `a `uiga quj`a vm`uhtan sj pjrfjiidmha y afirla js nj` nm`mr quj haij`a sjhsdcd`dnan

Jljrbjr branm a branm nj` acdslm nj `a vdna para tmrharsj Jspigraverdtu bjhdm supjrdmr y jstm pmr sus prmpdmslaumlrdtms y jsfujrzms imhqudstar j` futurm gmra a gmra dr`dcjraacutehnmsj nigravea a nigravea uh pmim laacutes nj `a bahba nj `aspasdmhjs `dcjrarsj nj `as subjstdmhjs nj` jbmigraveslm nj

`a pjrjza nj` njsaacutehdlm rjsiatarsj pmim a pmim nj susffiaqujzas nj su dbhmrahida ayunahnm a sus sjljeahtjs arjsiatarsj a su vjz arrastrahnm tmnm j` ljndm gulahm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

gaida uh jstanm supjrdmr ta` js j` papj` ndstrdcudnm aiana a`la

J` iahtm nj b`mrda j` gdlhm nj `a vdna dhfihdta ``jha`ms jspaidms sucj njsnj j` fmhnm nj` a`la nj `as rudhasy nj `as tulcas Ymcrj `ms njstrmzms nj `as idvd`dzaidmhjsjxtdhtas crmtah ffimrjs hujvas Yj jfjitotildea `a uhdugraveh jhtrj`as nms gulahdnanjs vdsdc`j j dhvdsdc`j jhtrj aquj``msquj pujc`ah `a ^djrra y `ms quj rjimrrjh j` Jspaidm Yusvmijs ``alah sj rjspmhnjh uhas a mtras y jsms rulmrjsjsms lurlu``ms vabms y imhfusms tmnavigravea para luigmssj vuj`vjh para hmsmtrms j` ljhsaej `a pa`acra vdcrahtjquj afirla `a imluhdugraveh nj almr uhdvjrsa`

^a` js j` iaraacuteitjr imlp`jem nj` sjr gulahm5 jspigraverdtufujrza y latjrda jh qudjh sj rjsuljh tmnms ms j`jljhtmsimhstdtutdvms tmnas `as pmtjhidas nj` Zhdvjrsm ^mnm `mquj jstaacute jh hmsmtrms jstaacute jh j` Zhdvjrsm y tmnm `m qujjstaacute jh j` Zhdvjrsm sj jhiujhtra jh hmsmtrms [mr j`iujrpm ffiuigravendim y pmr j` iujrpm latjrda` j` gmlcrj jstaacuteuhdnm a `a dhljhsa jstruitura nj `a vdna uhdvjrsa` pmr j`a`la a tmnms `ms luhnms dhvdsdc`js y ndvdhms ^jhjlmsjh hmsmtrms j` dhstdhtm nj `a ahdla`dnan laacutes m ljhmsimlprdldnm pmr j` `arbm tracaem pmr `as prujcas nj `asjxdstjhidas pasanas y tjhjlms talcdaumlh `a irdsaacute`dna nj`aacutehbj` nj` sjr randahtj y purm quj pmnjlms vjhdr a sjrpmr a dlpu`sdugraveh lmra` pmr as aspdraidmhjs nj` imrazugraveh ypmr j` sairdfiidm imhstahtj nj` ‐ymldquo ^mialms imh `ms pdjs

`as prmfuhndnanjs smlcrigraveas nj` acdslm y imh a frjhtj as

a`turas fu`burahtjs nj` idj`m j` dlpjrdm b`mrdmsm nj `msJspigraverdtus T asigrave gasta j` dhfihdtm

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_Jh `igravehja5 wwwspdrdtdsljhjtdhnjxpgprjvuj-spdrdtjNJHDY J` [rmc`jla nj` Yjr y nj` Njstdhm _Jh `igravehja5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjsSDIGJ^ I a Brah Jspjrahza _Jh `igravehja5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjsCMUUAHM J frac12ms ahdla`js tdjhjh a`la= A`diahtj 5 FJJ 31NJAHHJ B a Jvm`uidugraveh Ahigraveldia Cujhms Adrjs5Fuhnaidugraveh Jspigraverdta Gulahdsta A``ah Oarnji 3gtWAVDJS FI JLLAHZJ Jh j` Luhnm Laymr _Jh `igravehja5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjsWAVDJS FI JLLAHZJ Jvm`uidugraveh jh Nms Luhnms _Jh `igravehja5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjsNMLDHBM YMJS A Ljlmrdas nj` [anrj Bjrlaacuteh

_Jh `igravehja5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjs BALA S dhnms Iasms nj Igdim Wavdjr Yeacutem [au`m 5 aoj 147gt[SANA D a iujstdugraveh jspdrdtua` nj ms ahdla`js Jndtmra FJSJJVJY G a Gdstmrda laacutes cj``a nj` luhnm Carij`mha 5

Ahabrala 34LMMNT S Imldhb Caio HT5 Cahtal Cmmos 1441

^jhjlms jh hmsmtrms j` dhstdhtm nj `aahdla`dnan laacutes m ljhms imlprdldnm

pmr j` `arbm tracaem pmr `as prujcas nj `asjxdstjhidas pasanas y tjhjlms talcdaumlh `a

irdsaacute`dna nj` aacutehbj` nj` sjr randahtj y purm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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36 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM

J` 3gt nj euhdm nj 14gt9 fuj para `a idunan nj Baumlhmva(Dta`da) uh nigravea jldhjhtjljhtj trdstj Zhm nj sus laacutesiauml`jcrjs dhvjstdbanmrjs psigravequdims partigravea gaida j` mtrm `anmnj a vdna a ms 71 antildems nj jnan njspuaumls nj gacjr njeanmjsirdtm para `a gdstmrda laacutes nj sjsjhta mcras y idjhtms njartigraveiu`ms casanms jh sus dhvjstdbaidmhjs

Jrhjstm Cmzzahm gacigravea haidnm jh `a ldsla idunanquj `j vdm lmrdr j` 4 nj jhjrm nj 1763 Yu fald`dajimhugraveldialjhtj aimlmnana `m rjidcdugrave euhtm imh mtrmsiuatrm gjrlahms laacutes mcsjrvahnm iugravelm sj njstaiacajh auml` uh almr apasdmhahtj pmr j` aprjhndzaej ^a` jra asigravequj a `ms iuatrm antildems suejtahnm imh sus pjqujntildeas lahmsuh vm`uldhmsm y ldstjrdmsm tmlm smcrj `a `dtjraturabjhmvjsa dhsdstigravea a su lanrj para quj j jhsjntildeara a `jjr`m

[asa j` tdjlpm y Cmzzahm js a`jhtanm a jstundar jhuha jsiuj`a taumlihdia pjrm a `ms iatmrij antildems tras luigas`aacutebrdlas js mc`dbanm pmr su panrj a acahnmhar`a Jstmfmrta`jidugrave su pjrsmha`dnan ya quj a partdr nj jhtmhijs suljta fuj anqudrdr imlm `jy uha brah iu`tura njspjrtahnmluigigravesdlm dhtjraumls pmr `ms brahnjs i`aacutesdims dta`dahms a`dtjratura fuj su prdljra vmiaidugraveh y tras imhvjrtdrsj jhuh autmndnaita js iapaz nj `jjr jh dhb`aumls `as mcras nj `ms

pmjtas ^gmlas Lmmrj [jriy Cyssgj Ygj``jy Emgh Ld`tmh yRd``dal Ygaojspjarj

Imh qudhij antildems sj jhiujhtra dhtjrjsanm pmr `asndfjrjhtjs aacuterjas nj` imhmidldjhtm5 `a pa`jmhtm`mbigravea `aastrmhmligravea as idjhidas hatura`js a psdim`mbigravea y a fi`msmfigraveaidjhtigravefiia Anjlaacutes njsnj su euvjhtun ya sjhtigravea uhadhusdtana atraiidugraveh pmr `ms prmc`jlas nj `a pjrsmha`dnangulaha prdhidpa`ljhtj ms quj imhnuiigraveah a as iausas nj`ms sufrdldjhtms `a fiha`dnan y `a razugraveh nj `a vdna gulaha

Vdjhj `a naumliana fi`msugravefiia jhtrj 1773 y 1743 nmhnjdhtjhta pjhjtrar jh j` pjhsaldjhtm nj ms brahnjs fi`ugravesmfmsnjsnj [`atugraveh Njsiartjs Bjmrb Rd`gj`l Frdjnrdig mtzjSmsldhd y Vdhijhzm Bdmcjrtd quj tras `arbms y `acmrdmsmsantildems nj dhvjstdbaidugraveh jh jstj ialpm nj `a fi`msmfigravea hm``jha sus jspjranms ahgj`ms

Ydh jlcarbm j` jstundm nj` sdstjla nj` brah fi`ugravesmfmdhb`js Gjrcjrt Ypjhijr `j njspdjrta y nurahtj nms antildemssj njndia a ahmtar y i`asdfiiar sus imhijptms pmr j` brahimhtjhdnm fi`msugravefiim quj njsiucrj jh auml` sdjhnm su igravenm`m ynjeahnm uha dhffiujhida luy lariana jh Cmzzahm

A partdr nj aquigrave sj imhvdrtdugrave sjbotildeh sus pa`acras jhuh pmsdtdvdsta-latjrda`dsta imhvjhidnm gasta ta` puhtm quj`j parjiigravea dhirjigravec`j quj gucdjra luigas bjhtjs nj alp`daiu`tura dhtj`jitua` quj pundjrah irjjr jh `a jxdstjhida m`a supjrvdvjhida nj` jspigraverdtu laquoLd pjhsaldjhtm jra ta` qujjsirdcigrave ar tigraveiu`ms jh apmym a lds imhvdiidmhjs J` rjiujrnmnj jsj iursm lj gaij dhnu`bjhtj y tm`jrahtj nj uhanjtjrldhana i`asj nj ahtabmhdstas quj nj cujha fj ndijhsjr iapaijs nj rjfutar `as imhi`usdmhjs jxpjrdljhta`jsrdburmsas quj gah ``jbanm a` hjm-jspdrdtua`dslm y quj sjmpmhjh a `as dhnuiidmhjs y njnuiidmhjs nj [sdim`mbigravea jhquj ym irjigravea gaij gt antildemsiquest

laquoJs hjijsardm imlprjhnjr quj jh `a aumlpmia a `a qujlj rjfijrm ym hm sacigravea hana nj `a dhvjstdbaidugraveh nj `aljndulhdnan m jspdrdtdslm imh `a jxijpidugraveh nj crjvjsartigraveiu`ms quj gacigravea jigravenm jh ms pjrdugravendims sdh prjstar laacutesatjhidugraveh nj ms laumlnduls quj sjntildea`auml pdanmsaljhtj smcrj

`a irjnu`dnan nj `ms jspdrdtdstasiquestlaquoYuijndugrave sdh jlcarbm -imhtdhotildea imhtahnm Cmzzahm-

quj jh 1741 j` prmfjsmr frahiaumls gaumlmnu`j-Arlahn Sdcmtndrjitmr nj `a Sjvuj [gd`msmpgdquj lj jsirdcdugrave paraimluhdiarlj `a puc`diaidugraveh nj uha prugravexdla rjvdsta caemj` tigravetu`m Ahha`js njs Yidjhijs [syigdqujs iuym ndrjitmr jraj` Nr Nardjux prjnjijsmr nj` lajstrm Igar`js SdigjtJra uha rjvdsta quj sj prmpusm prdhidpa`ljhtj rjimbjry jxaldhar a`buhms iasms iurdmsms nj `a trahsldsdugravehnj` pjhsaldjhtm a ndstahida dhi`udnm caem j` hmlcrj nj‐fjhugraveljhms tj`jpaacutetdimsldquoiquest

laquoa psdim`mbigravea ldstjrdmsa jsimhndna jh jsta frasj lj``alugrave `a iurdmsdnan a` dbua` quj j` hmlcrj nj` prmfjsmrSdigjt fuj sufiidjhtj para barahtdzar `a sjrdjnan nj `ajlprjsa Sjspmhnigrave a` prmfjsmr Sdcmt abranjidaumlhnm`j `a

CDMBSAFIgraveA5JSHJY^M CMUUAHM

Ndvu`banmr jspigraverdta artdiu`dsta y imhfjrjhidahtj [artdidpa jhprmbralas nj randm y tj`jvdsdugraveh nj tjlaacutetdia jspdrdtua` Js prjsdnjhtjnj `a Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj Lanrdn Euah Ldbuj` Fjrhaacutehnjz

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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32CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

atjhidugraveh y lj dhi`uyugrave jhtrj `ms susirdptmrjs nj `a rjvdstaNji`arm sdhijraljhtj quj `a `jitura nj sus prdljrmshotildeljrms prmnuem uha dlprjsdugraveh njsastrmsa jh ld irdtjrdmpmsdtdvdsta drrjimhid`dac`jiquest

laquo[arjiigravea dhndbhahtj quj a`buhms rjprjsjhtahtjs nj`a idjhida mfiida` qujrigraveah ndsiutdr sjrdaljhtj `a trahsldsdugravehnj` pjhsaldjhtm nj uh imhtdhjhtj a mtrm `as apardidmhjsnj fahtaslas tj`jpaacutetdims imlm jhtdnanjs rja`js y iasmsaitua`js dhqudjtahtjs J` pmnjr dhgdcdnmr nj prjimhijptmsimhvjrtdnm jh ld faiu`tan nj ta`js razmhaldjhtms jra

tmta`ljhtj dhaiijsdcj a `as hujvas dnjas m laacutes cdjh a `mshujvms aitms pmrquj `ms gjigms rja`ljhtj njiigraveah qujjrah idjhtigravefiims y rdburmsaljhtj nmiuljhtanms auhqujym hm jra iapaz nj asdld`ar`msiquest

laquoIuahnm tmnavigravea lahtjhigravea ld jstanm ljhta` aparjidugravejh `a Sjvuj [gd`msmpgdquj uh `arbm artigraveiu`m nj` prmfjsmrSmsjhcaig nj Yah [jtjrscurbm (Susda) vdm`jhtaljhtjataiahnm `a ‐dhtrusdugraveh sairigrave`jba nj jstj hujvm ldstdidslmldquojh `as dhljndaidmhjs nj `a psdim`mbigravea mfiida` y jxp`diahnm

`ms hujvms iasms nj `ms supujstms nj `a ‐a`uidhaidugravehldquo `as‐imdhidnjhidas fmrtudtasldquo y a`buhms laacutes quj hm pujnmrjimrnar ^a`js rjfutaidmhjs parjijh tah tmrpjs y imh ta`ndsiapaidnan quj prmnuij j` jfjitm imhtrardm nj `m quj j`autmr prjtjhnigravea ndsbustahnm ld ljhtj Lj imhvjhiigrave nj qujj` prmc`jla jra rja`ljhtj `ms gjigms asigrave quj iata`mbuaumlsj`jiidmhauml y i`asdfiquauml para rja`dzar j` ahaacute`dsds imlparatdvmiquest

laquoa jxij`jhida nj` laumltmnm nj dhvjstdbaidugraveh sdld`arfuj prmcanm nj ta` lahjra quj aotildeh `m usm gasta `a fjigaBuarnm uh dlpjrjijnjrm rjiujrnm nj jstj pjrdmnm njdhvjstdbaidugraveh fjrvdjhtj y pjrsjvjrahtj pmrquj a travaumlsnj j``ms lj gdij iapaz nj rjsm`vjr lds hujvas irjjhidas

jspdrdtdstas smcrj uha casj idjhtigravefiia firlj as mcras njSmcjrt Na`j Mwjh Jpjs Yarbjht nj `a Yra Lmrbah ynj` Nr Rm`fj lj dhffiujhidarmh a anmptar ld hujvm puhtmnj vdsta smcrj `a fjhmljhm`mbigravea psigravequdia y jfjitms figravesdimsas sjsdmhjs jxpjrdljhta`js imh Rd``dal Ytadhtmh Lmsjsfujrmh `as quj prmnuejrmh j` laymr jfjitm pjrsuasdvmsmcrj lds irjjhidas a iausa nj `a dhtjrvjhidugraveh nj uhjspigraverdtu jh `a fjhmljhm`mbigravea jhtrj `ms antildems 1743 y 1749iquest

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jxpjrdljhta`jsiquest tjrldha CmzzahmSjimrnjlms quj su prdljra aprmxdlaidugraveh a`

jstundm nj` Jspdrdtdslm fuj `a hjbaidugraveh nj` fjhugraveljhm

Jra uh pjhsanmr pmsdtdvdsta Yus prdljras dhiursdmhjsjh `ms jstundms nj `ms fjhugraveljhms jspigraverdtas a travaumls nj`a mcra nj A`jxahnjr Aosaomv jh Ahdldslm y Jspdrdtdslm y ms fahtaslas nj `a sa`a nj jstar nj Burhjs Lyjrs `jimhvdrtdjrmh njfihdtdvaljhtj jh uh dhvjstdbanmr psigravequdim

A partdr nj 14 Cmzzahm imljhzugrave a partdidpar jh`ms jxpjrdljhtms smcrj laumlnduls y a jsirdcdr artigraveiu`mssmcrj sus imhi`usdmhjs Huhia sj njsiudnugrave y fuj luyirigravetdim jh sus dhvjstdbaidmhjs imhvdrtdaumlhnmsj jh uhmnj `ms idjhtigravefiims laacutes prmnuitdvms nj `ms fjhugraveljhmspsigravequdims Jhtrj sus lotilde`tdp`js mcras quj fujrmh tranuidnasa huljrmsms dndmlas sj jhiujhtrah `ms dhfmrljs nj `asrjuhdmhjs lahtjhdnas imh Jusapda [a`andhm uha nj `aslaumlnduls nj jfjitms figravesdims laacutes dlpmrtahtjs nj jsa aumlpmiaYu rjputaidugraveh `j pjrldtdugrave lahtjhjr imrrjspmhnjhidaimh `ms prdhidpa`js rjprjsjhtahtjs nj `a ljtapsigravequdiadhi`uyjhnm idjhtigravefiims ta`js imlm `ms figravesdims dhb`jsjsRd``dal Irmmojs y M`dvjr mnbj y j` fisdugrave`mbm frahiaumlsIgar`js Sdigjt

a njsjhiarhaidugraveh nj su lanrj jh eu`dm nj 1413sdrvdugrave nj pujhtj para `a njlmstraidugraveh nj `a supjrvdvjhidanj` a`la Cmzzahm rja`dzaca jh jsa aumlpmia sjsdmhjssjlaha`js imh uh rjnuidnm brupm nj aldbms y imh `apartdidpaidugraveh nj uha falmsa laumlndul Sja`dzahnm uhasjsdugraveh jh `a quj sj imhljlmraca j` prdljr ahdvjrsardmnj `a lujrtj nj su prmbjhdtmra `a laumlndul jsirdcdugrave uhaspa`acras jh uh trmzm nj papj` quj njspuaumls nj `jigravenas pmrCmzzahm `m njearmh asmlcranm A``igrave jstacah jsirdtms `msnms otilde`tdlms vjrsms nj` jpdtafim quj aquj` ldslm nigravea auml`gacigravea njeanm jh j` totildelu`m nj su lanrj

Fuj [rjsdnjhtj Gmhmrardm nj` micro Imhbrjsm Jspigraverdta

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a otilde`tdla jtapa nj su vdna fuj luy trdstj njcdnm aprmc`jlas jimhugraveldims y nj sa`un

Fdha`dzalms imh jsta frasj nj su mcra LjtapsigravequdiaGulaha5 laquoAfirlar sdh tjlmr a jqudvmiarhms quj fujranj `a gdpugravetjsds jspigraverdta hm gay handj iapaz nj jxp`diar`ms iasms ahaacute`mbms a `ms quj aiacm nj jxpmhjriquest

Jrhjstm Cmzzahm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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37 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA

DHY^DH^M JDH^JDBJHIDA

Mnmhtugrave`mba prjsdnjhta nj a Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta ‐Yjhnjrm nj [azldquojh Carrahqud``a (Im`mlcda) Imhfjrjhidahtj jspigraverdta y jxprjsdnjhtjnj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj `a Imsta At`aacutehtdia

Iarljh Iarnmha

Yjbotildeh `ms jstundms nj `a Cdm`mbigravea y `a [a`jmhtm`mbigravea`a vdna mrbaacutehdia jh `a ^djrra aparjij jh `a otilde`tdla jtapanj `a Jra Arqujmzmdia jh j` [jrigravemnm [rjiaacutelcrdim avdna sugrave`m pmnigravea affimrar y jstar njcdnaljhtj mrnjhana jhsu ialdhm jvm`utdvm a iausa nj uh ialpm nj imlahnmquj pundjsj dhffiujhidar j dhijhtdvar `as fmrlas jstm js j`prdhidpdm-uhdfiianmr m jspdrdtua` quj sj lahdfijsta jh `msfjhugraveljhms nj `a vdna imlm ‐hjijsdnanjsldquo imh j` fih nja`iahzar uha njtjrldhana pmsdidugraveh nj mrnjh arlmhigravea yjqud`dcrdm

J` ldhjra` pmsjj tahtm `a vdna imlm j` vjbjta` y j`ahdla` J` prdhidpdm uhdfiianmr `a jsjhida quj prjsdnj `asfmrlas y j` ljtacm`dslm nj `a ffimra y nj `a fauha jxdstj

talcdaumlh jh j` rjdhm ldhjra` prjsdn djhnm `as fujrzas njatraiidugraveh y rjpu`sdugraveh jh quj `ms aacutetmlms y `as lm`aumliu`as sjuhdfiiah y jqud`dcrah A ljndna quj ms j`jljhtms ndspjrsmssj fujrmh rjuhdjhnm as prdljras imlcdhaidmhjs fmrlarmhiujrpms jxi`usdvaljhtj dhmrbaacutehdims `as pdjnras `as abuasy tmna `a ndvjrsdnan nj ldhjra`js Iuahnm jsms ldslmsj`jljhtms sj lmndfiiarmh pmr aiidugraveh nj` ffiudnm vdta`bdquoqujhm js j` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtjbdquofmrlarmh iujrpms nmtanmsnj vdta`dnan imh uha mrbahdzaidugraveh imhstahtj y rjbu`ar ianauhm jh su jspjidj

J` vjbjta` njspuhta imlm imhsjiujhida nj `aimmrndhaidugraveh nj` jej-vdta` m ndhaldslm jspdrdtua` qujva lmnj`ahnm `as fmrlas figravesdias nj ldirmsiugravepdiasa lairmsiugravepdias jh j` fmhnm nj `as abuas imh `as

tjlpjraturas anjiuanas y sdh `as imhvu`sdmhjs tj`otilderdias nj`a supjrfiidj nj aquj``a aumlpmia

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Rjc5 wwwijdcjs

^j`f5 +9gt 62 47 7gt

aumlrdnabull Assmidaidugrave Jspigraverdta Mtus d Haumlral (AJMH)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Bjrlaha Ljriccedil Yahtaiaha 19 39 bull eumlrrjba (AumlSDNA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mtusdhjralKblad`iml

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsmtusdhjral ^j`f5 9gt 429 911 324

Lanrdnbull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj LanrdnNdrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a Cm`sa 1gt - 1micro niga

3713 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwjspdrdtaslanrdniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtaslanrdnKtj`jfmhdiahjt

Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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99Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta Frahidsim nj Asigraves nj`a Ydjrra

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a Iantildeana Sja` 33 1micro C37gt Im``anm Vd``a`ca (LANSDN)

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 f rahidsimnjasdsnj`asdjrraKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 627 16 441

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Jhtrj j` Idj`m y `a djrraNdrjiidugraveh5 Avna nj Lanrdn 34 `mia` 3767 bull Yah Lartigraveh nj Va`njdb`jsdas (LANSDN)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsjhtrjj`idj`my`atdjrra

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mab`dmKarraodsjs ^j`f5 +9gt 627 662 319 rsquo +9gt 627 662 313

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ljhsaejrms nj `a uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lanjra 1 - Caem

37gt bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwitvjsZYJSYijlj`gmljgtl

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijlj`lanrdnKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 9gt 41 976 3 77 rsquo 9gt 41 91gt 7 17bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms y Ndvu`baidugraveh

Jspigraverdta (IJTNJ)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lmhtjra 1-13 3ordf [`ahta - Hmicro 9 3719 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwijynjlanrdnmrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5aurmravaziaca``jrmKgmtlad`iml

ijynjlanrdnKyagmmjs

^j`f5 9gt 41 37 gt 71 rsquo +9gt 672 446 79

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundm Jspigraverdta jugraveh NjhdsNdrjiidugraveh5 Cmhjtjrm 9 ljtrm [dm WDD 3716 bull Lanrdn

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 `jmhnjhdsijKblad`imlRjc5 www`jmhnjhdsjs - wwwc`mb`jmhnjhdsjs

Laacute`ababull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas A``ah OarnjiNdrjiidugraveh5 I Gaumlrmjs nj Ymstma 29 J-1micro

343 bull Laacute`abaRjc5 wwwjndtmrajspdrdtaa``ahoarnjijs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 a`cmrahjndtmraKmhmiml

^j`f5 9gt 43 397 67 rsquo +9gt 62 7 32

Luridabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Sjidhtm nj [az Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a [az1 1micro N ([atdntildem) 913 LuridaRjc5 wwwijrjidhtmnjpazjs

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijrjidhtmnjpazKrjidhtmnjpazjs

ldbuj`ldvjbaKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 664 96 14

[mhtjvjnrabull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta [az Arlmhigravea y Iardnan

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Sotildea [jhds 31 - 1micro Niga 9631 bull Vdbm ([MH^JVJNSA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijpazarlmhdalmryiardnanKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 +9gt 61 7gt 136

Yjvd``abull Asmidaidugraveh Ijhtrm nj Jstundms

Jspigraverdtas nj Yjvd``aNdrjiidugraveh5 [rmspjrdnan 9 rdaha gt11 bull Yjvd``a

Rjc5 wwwjspdrdtassjvd``ajsImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 bjhmvjvala``mKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 4gt 379 7 rsquo +9gt 6 gt71 794

bull Brupm Jspigraverdta Hujvm Alahjijr Emahha nj Ahbj`ds

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ndjbm [ujrta 1 Jsi 9gt 2 A gt14 bull Yjvd``aRjc5 wwwhujvmalahjijrjspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtashujvmalahjijrKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 + 9gt 62 44 462 - + 9gt 62 44 46

^arrabmhabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Emahha nj Ahbj`dsNdrjiidugraveh5 [ucd`` Mrdm` 33

gt931 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 422 9gt6 16gt rsquo +9gt 63 gt61 67gt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Lahuj` y Ndva`nmNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Vdjhtm gt93 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)Rjc5 wwwijlyniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ar`dhbbKyagmmjs ^j`f5 +9gt 676 gt4 2gt6

Va`jhida

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Va`jhida Gmbar FratjrhmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Vd``ahujva nj Iastj``ugraveh 33 gt64 bull Va`jhidaRjc5 wwwasjsvamrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 gmbarfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 469 3 46 7

IJH^SMY JY[IgraveSD^AY MHDHJbull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aNdrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat (uhjs Ldaumlrim`js y Eujvjs 33g9)

Rjc5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`jfmhm5 +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas ‐YdhFrmhtjrasldquo

Ndrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat(Nmldhbms 31g)

Rjc5 gttp5ijjsdhfrmhtjrasjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijjsdhfrmhtjrasKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta

Abjhna Irdstdaha - JNDIJD gt ₠

A`cmrana Irdstdaha (Ljndahm) gt ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrDD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

Aacuternua Asijhsdugraveh 13 ₠

Atjhidugraveh (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ialdhm Vjrnan y Vdna - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Iartd``a nj` Cdjh - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Iuahnm Sjbrjsj `a [rdlavjra (Hmrla`) 2 ₠

Iujhtms Jspdrdtdstas 4 ₠

Njsnj a Mtra Vdna gt ₠

Njspdjrtj y Yja Fj`dz - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` A`la js Dhlmrta` 7 ₠

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta 4 ₠

J` Idj`m y j` Dhfijrhm - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Jspigraverdtu nj `a Vjrnan - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` Jvahbj`dm Yjbotildeh j` Jspdrdtdslm -JNDIJD

1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Yjr Yucimhsidjhtj 6 ₠

Jh `m Dhvdsdc`j 7 ₠

Jh `ms Nmldhdms nj `a Ljndulhdnan -JNDIJD

4 ₠

Jhtrj `a djrra y j` Idj`m - JNDIJD 4 ₠Jspdrdtdslm Lmnjrhm OA DJ ODHB - FJJ ₠

Jspdrdtdslm y Jim`mbigravea - JNDIJD 7 ₠

B`msardm Jspigraverdta (Cm`sd``m) 6 ₠

Buigravea [raacuteitdia nj` Jspdrdtdsta - FJJ ₠

Gdphmtdslm y Jspdrdtdslm 7 ₠

Ejsotildes jh j` Gmbar - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Eustdida Ndvdha - JNDIJD 7 ₠

a Baumlhjsds - JNDIJD 1 ₠

a Vdna jh Fald`da gt ₠

dcjraidugraveh - JNDIJD 4 ₠

as Vdnas Yuijsdvas 4 ₠

ms Ljhsaejrms - JNDIJD 7 ₠

ms Lujrtms Ydbujh Vdvdjhnm 6 ₠

Lahms Zhdnas (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljndtaidmhjs (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljlmrdas nj` [anrj Bjrlaacuteh 2 ₠

Ljhsaej nj uh Anm`jsijhtj njsnj j`Luhnm Jspdrdtua` - JNDIJD ₠

Ldsdmhjrms nj `a uz - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Lujrtj js Vdna 6 ₠

Hujstrm Gmbar - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Mcrjrms nj `a Vdna Jtjrha - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[ah Hujstrm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[jhsaldjhtm y Vdna - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Sj`dbdugraveh nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 177 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 174 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Yjntildea` Vjrnj gt ₠

Yjxm y Njstdhm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Ydjlcra nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Yuc`dlj Jxpdaidugraveh - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Vdna Fj`dz - JNDIJD 2 ₠

Lm`njahnm j` ^jrijr Ld`jhdm - Vdna yMcra nj Ndva`nm [ Frahim

1 ₠

Vdna y Yjxm - JNDIJD 6 ₠

T `a Vdna Imhtdhotildeahellip JNDIJD 7 ₠

dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ

Ugraverbahm jndtmrda` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a sdh aacutehdlm nj `uirm quj rjdhvdjrtj jh j` prmpdm

`dcrm jspigraverdta Yj gaijh jhvigravems imhtra rjjlcm`sm Gaba su pjndnm prjfjrdc`jljhtj pmr imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim adhfmKjspdrdtdslmii m pmr tj`aumlfmhm5 636 911 771

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Vdna ahtjs nj `a Vdna

Jhtrjvdsta a Iar`msSmcjrtm Ialpjttd

Jhfjrljnanjs nj` a`la[aacutebdha 1gt

Jvdnjhidas Idjhtigravefiias a favmr nj`a Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna [aacutebdha 3

[`ahjaldjhtm rjjhiarhatmrdm[aacutebdha 13

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐ms Gdems nj` Ayjrldquo

[aacutebdha 37

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 3bull Jndidugraveh Mitucrj 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

1 antildems nj J` `dcrm nj `ms laumlnduls

Jhtrjvdsta a` LaumlndulNdva`nm Frahim

Ljndulhdnan nj jfjitms figravesdims[aacutebdha 1gt

^rahsimluhdiaidugraveh dhstruljhta`[aacutebdha 3

Fmrlaidugraveh nj` Laumlndul[aacutebdha 13

Jspdrdtdslm jh a dtjratura

[aacutebdha 37

frac12Ejsotildes jra laumlndul=[aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 1bull Jndidugraveh Eu`dm 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Jspdrdtdslm imlm fi`msmfigravea nj vdna

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm57bull Jndidugravehacrd`31gtbull [rjidm59

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm52bull JndidugravehMitucrj 319bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

ms Ijhtrms jspdrdtdstas njcjh sjr`a iaacutetjnra nj` Jspigraverdtu nj Vjrnan

QZAuml JY J JY[DSD^DYLM=

DH^SMNZIIDUgraveHA IMHMIDLDJH^M NJ LZHNM DHVDYDCJ

[MS AY LAHDFJY^AIDMHJY NJ MY JY[IgraveSD^ZY

Imhtdjhj j` rjsuljh nj ms prdhidpdms nj a nmitrdha jspdrdtdsta y as rjs-pujstas a as prdhidpa`js mcejidmhjs

pmr

A``ah - Oarnjiautmr nj` dcrm nj ms jspigraverdtus y nj` dcrm nj ms Ljnduls

JNDIDUgraveH JIMHUgraveLDIA

[rjidm 3 rja`js

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh Jspantildea

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm56bull JndidugravehEu`dm319bull[rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5bull JndidugravehLarzm319bull [rjidm59₠

nj a FJJ

Jspdrdtdslm jh j` luhnm[aacutebdha 37

[rjiursmrjs nj` Jspdrdtdslm[aacutebdha 6

Artgur Imhah Nmy`j[aacutebdha 32

Idjhtigravefiims jspigraverdtas nj`sdb`m WDW [aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a rjvj`aidugraveh jspigraverdtay A``ah Oarnji [aacutebdha 17

a SjvujYpdrdtj [aacutebdha 3

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

a Vdna jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

[sdim`mbigravea jh j` laacutes a``aacute[aacutebdha 1gt

Aacutehbj`js BuarndahjsJspigraverdtus [rm-tjitmrjsFald`darjs y Ydlpaacutetdims

[aacutebdha 32[jrdjspigraverdtu

[aacutebdha 33

ms Yujntildems Jspdrdtua`js[aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐HMYYM ASldquo

Jhtrjvdsta aYahtdaba Hmbujrm [aacutebdha 1

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5gtbull JndidugravehYjptdjlcrj 313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

^rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

a vdna jtjrha[aacutebdha 1

^rahsdidugraveh p`ahjtarda[aacutebdha 37

[`ura`dnan nj luhnms gacdtanms[aacutebdha 39

Jvm`uidugraveh gdstugraverdia nj` pjhsaldjh-tm jspdrdtua` [aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Jhtrjvdsta

Cdmbrafigravea

a Larigravea nj `aBraida nj Jh-

njr [aacutebdha 12

aumlmh Njhds[aacutebdha 7

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm59bull JndidugravehLarzm313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

[jtdidugraveh nj hotildeljrms ahtjrdmrjs5

H 1 rsquo 1 Antildems nj` ‐dcrm nj`ms Laumlndulsldquo

H 3 rsquo Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna

H 9 rsquo rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

H gt rsquo a Vdna jh j` luhnmjspdrdtua`

H rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

H 6 rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslmjh Jspantildea

H 2 rsquo J` Ijhtrm Jspdrdta

H 7 rsquo J` Jspdrdtdslm imlmfi`msmfigravea nj vdna

pjndnmsrjvdstafjjKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3636

DHFMSLAIDUgraveH T SJYJSVAY5

YJISJ^ASIgraveA AumlIHDIAMSBAHDUA

IMHFJSJHIDAY

T YJLDHASDMY

bull J` Luhnm Dhvdsdc`j

bull Sjbrjsm a `a vdna jspdrdtua`

bull J` laacutes a``aacute nj` sudidna

bull a lotildesdia jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

jqud`dcrdm para j` a`la

bull Jspigraverdtus y su gdstmrda jh `a gulahd-

nan

bull ^jrapda nj` almr

bull Imluhdiaidugraveh imh `ms jspigraverdtus5

ldtms y vjrnanjs

bull Njsvj`ahnm `m dhvdsdc`j (prujcas idjhtigrave-

fiias fi`msugravefiias j gdstugraverdias)

I d ` n d d dc`

a partdidpaidugraveh a jstj jvjhtm jstaacute acdjrta a tmnas aquj``as pjrsmhas dhtjrjsanas

IMHFJSJHIDAH^JY

Ndva`nm [ Frahim - A`frjnm A`mhsm nj `a Fujhtj - A`frjnm

^acujntildea - Vditmr Suahm - Iar`ms Ialpjttd - Euah Ldbuj`

Fjrhaacutehnjz - Eahaigraveha Ldhj``d - Iarljh Iarnmha - Ldbuj`

Vjra - M`ba Mrtdz

6 2 y 7 Ndidjlcrj 31gt

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 1636

16 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull JVMZIDUgraveH NJ AY JY[JIDJY NJYNJ J [ZH^M NJ VDY^A JY[IgraveSD^A

prjsjhtarigravea imh laacutes a`ta y purdfiiana jfiidjhida prjparahnmpara laacutes anj`ahtj dhbrjsar jh j` rjdhm nj `a razugraveh Js pmr

j` dhstdhtm quj `ms ahdla`js smh avdsanms nj `m quj `jsimhvdjhj m pjreundia5 quj cusiah imhfmrlj `a jstaidugraveh`ms i`dlas prmpdidms quj imhstruyjh sdh jhsjntildeahza prjvdaimh laacutes m ljhms artj sjbotildeh `as jspjidjs `jigms c`ahnmsy acrdbms para sus prmbjhdjs tralpas para atrapar `a prjsanj quj sj hutrjh quj lahjeah ndjstraljhtj `as arlasmfjhsdvas y njfjhsdvas nj quj smh prmvdstms quj `ms sjxmssj aprmxdlah quj `a lanrj buigravea a `ms gdems y quj aumlstmscusiah j` sjhm latjrhm

Dhtjrljndaidugraveh jhtrj j` ahdla` y j` gmlcrj

Jhtrj `a dhffiujhida nj `a hatura`jza ahdla` y jspdrdtua`j` jspigraverdtu sj va `dcjrahnm nj `a latjrda gasta a`iahzar `ap`jhdtun ndvdha a ausjhida nj gd`ms jh jsta trahsdidugraveh sjnjcj a `a jvm`uidugraveh quj sj prmijsa fujra nj `a latjrdanmhnj j` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj sj jhiujhtra rjvjstdnm nj `aprmfmrla jspdrdtua` imrrjspmhndjhnm a a jspjidj sufrdjhnmlmndfiiaidmhjs anaptatdvas quj sj vjh iu`ldhanas jh j`p`ahm latjr da`

Ahnrauml udz hms ndij quj para a`iahzar `a jnan nj`a razugraveh imh j` tigravetu`m nj gmlcrj nmtanm nj razugraveh y

ndsijrhdldjhtm j` sjr autmlatdzanm jh sus dlpu`sms njialdhm gaida j` rjdhm ahbauml`dim jlp`jugrave hana ljhms qujuh cd``ugraveh y ljndm nj antildems Imh `a imhqudsta nj `a razugravehaparjidjrmh `a `uidnjz j` `dcrj a`cjnrigravem j` pjhsaldjhtmimhtdhum Gasta jhtmhijs j` prmbrjsm sj naca pmr `a fujrzanj `as imsas ya quj hm tjhigravea imhidjhida nj su rja`dnan hd

talpmim `dcjr tan nj j`jiidugraveh A` jhtrar jh j` rjdhm gmldha`

ya sigrave jstaacute aptm para ndrdbdr su vdna y imhqudstar `ms va`mrjsa travaumls nj` jsfujrzm prmpdm Agmra njcjraacute jsfmrzarsj jh`a `uiga para imhqudstar `ms va`mrjs supjrdmrjs nj` a`la`a rjspmhsacd`dnan `a sjhsdcd`dnan `a suc`dlaidugraveh nj `as

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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14AZ^MLA^DYLM T [JSDJY[IgraveSD^Z bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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Latjrda y jspigraverdtu imhstdtuyjh `ms nms j`jljhtmsbjhjra`js nj` uhdvjrsm jstahnm arrdca Ndms j` IrjanmrJsas trjs imsas imhstdtuyjh j` prdhidpdm nj iuahtm jxdstj`a rdhdnan Zhdvjrsa` (J 1-32) Jh `a Irjaidugraveh tmnmprmvdjhj nj` prdhidpdm latjrda`5 `a latjrda `ms ffiudnmsjti y nj` prdhidpdm jspdrdtua`5 `ms jspigraverdtus y `ms prdhidpdmsdhtj`dbjhtjs quj `j ahtjijnjh Jh vardas mpmrtuhdnanjsOarnji iujstdmha a `ms jspigraverdtus imh rjspjitm a jsm Asigrave`js prjbuhta (J 1-6gt) sd j` prdhidpdm vdta` fmrlarigravea uh tjrijr j`jljhtm anjlaacutes nj` jspigraverdtu y nj `a latjrda a`quj `ms jspigraverdtus rjspmhnjh hjbatdvaljhtj dhfmrlahnmquj jsj prdhidpdm tdjhj su fujhtj jh `as lmndfiiaidmhjsnj a latjrda uhdvjrsa` alcdaumlh js nj Oarnji (J 1-24) `adhnabaidugraveh5 laquo[ujstm quj nms j`jljhtms bjhjra`js gay jhZhdvjrsm5 j` j`jljhtm dhtj`dbjhtj y j` latjrda` frac12sj pmnrigraveaafirlar quj `ms Jspigraverdtus jstaacuteh fmrlanms nj` j`jljhtmdhtj`dbjhtj asigrave imlm `ms iujrpms dhjrtjs sj ga``ahdhtjbranms pmr j` j`jljhtm latjrda`=iquest T `a rjspujsta js

afirlatdvaA prdhidpdms nj `ms antildems 7 `ms idjhtigravefiims Emh Ag`qudst

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J 62A5 laquo[arjij jhtmhijs quj frac12j` a`la gacrigraveasdnm j` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj nj `ms sjrjs dhfjrdmrjs nj `airjaidugraveh=iquest

Sjspujsta5 laquofrac12Hm gjlms ndigm ya quj jh a Hatura`jza tmnm sj jhianjha y tdjhnj a `a uhdnan= Js jh jsms sjrjs a

`ms quj jstaacuteds `jems nj imhmijr jh su tmta`dnan nmhnj j`prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj sj j`acmra dhndvdnua`dzaacutehnmsj pmim apmim y sj jhsaya para `a vdna imhfmrlj gjlms afirlanm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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31frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

ahtjs Yj trata jh idjr tm lmnm nj uha tarja prjparatmrdaimlm `a nj `a bjrldhaidugraveh a imhsjiujhida nj `a iua` j`prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj jxpjrdljhta uha trahsfmrlaidugraveh ysj imhvdjrtj jh Jspigraverdtu Jhtmhijs imldjhza para auml` j`pjrdmnm nj gulahdnan ()iquest Jsa rjspujsta hm pujnj sjrlaacutes imhi`uyjhtj

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Sjspujsta5 laquoJsm njpjhnj nj a ndstahida quj sjpara

`ms nms pjrigravemnms y nj` prmbrjsm rja`dzanm Nurahtja`buhas bjhjraidmhjs auml` pujnj tjhjr uh rjffijem laacutes mljhms prmhuhidanm nj su jstanm prdldtdvm pmrquj hanajh `a Hatura`jza sj gaij pmr trahsdidugraveh crusia ()iquest

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laquoJ` prdhidpdm jspdrdtua` sj aimbdugrave jh j` sjhm tjlp`anmnj as abuas a travaumls nj ms mrbahdslms ij`u`arjs Nurahtj

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Hm sj gac`a jh j` ljndm idjhtigravefiim nj prdhidpdm

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fj`didnan tjrrjstrj imlm luigms

jrrugravehjaljhtj irjjh y sigrave j`pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm njiana uhm nj hmsmtrms

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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33 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY=

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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39frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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J` mcejtdvm nj a jvm`uidugraveh a razugraveh nj sjr nj a vdnahm js `a fj`didnan tjrrjstrj imlm luigms jrrugravehjaljhtjirjjh y sigrave j` pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm nj iana uhm nj hmsmtrmsT jsj pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm njcjlms rja`dzar`m pmr ljndmnj` tracaem nj` jsfujrzm nj tmnas `as a`tjrhatdvas nj `aa`jbrigravea y nj` nm`mr gasta quj hms gayalms njsarrm``anmimlp`jtaljhtj y j`jvanm a` jstanm ij`jstj J` nm`mrfigravesdim y lmra` fmrla hujstra jxpjrdjhida a sacdnurigravea jsj` prjldm [mim a pmim j` a`la sj j`jva y imhfmrlj vasucdjhnm jh j``a sj va aiulu`ahnm uha sula sdjlprjirjidjhtj nj sacjr y vdr tun sj sdjhtj laacutes jstrjigaljhtjuhdna a sus sjljeahtjs sj imluhdia laacutes igravehtdlaljhtjimh su ljndm smida` y p`ahjtardm J`jvaacutehnmsj iana vjz laacuteshm tarna jh uhdrsj pmr `azms pueahtjs a as smidjnanjs nj`Jspaidm y njspuaumls a` Yjr Zhdvjrsa`

Asigrave `a vdna nj` sjr imhsidjhtj js uha vdna njsm`dnardnan y `dcjrtan dcrj njhtrm nj `ms `igraveldtjs quj `j

sjntildea`ah `as `jyjs jtjrhas sj imhstdtuyj jh arqudtjitm njsu njstdhm Yu anj`ahtaldjhtm js mcra suya Hdhbuhafata`dnan `m mprdlj sa`vm `a nj sus prmpdms aitms iuyasimhsjiujhidas rjiajh jh auml` las hm pujnj njsarrm``arsjy ljnrar sdhm jh a vdna im`jitdva imh j` rjiursm nj ianauhm y jh prmvjigm nj tmnms Iuahtm laacutes sucj tahtmlaacutes sj sdjhtj vdvdr y sufrdr jh tmnms y pmr tmnms Jh `ahjijsdnan nj j`jvarsj a sigrave ldslm atraj a sigrave para gaijr`ms``jbar a` jstanm jspdrdtua` a tmnms ms sjrjs gulahms qujpujc`ah `ms luhnms nmhnj vdvdjra Qudjrj gaijr pmrj``ms `m quj pmr auml` gdidjrah sus gjrlahms laacutes vdjems `msbrahnjs Jspigraverdtus quj `m budarah jh su lariga

a latjrda js j` mcstaacuteiu`m otildetd` prmvmia j` jsfujrzmy njsarrm``a `a vm`uhtan imhtrdcuyj para `a asijhsdugraveh nj`ms sjrjs dlpmhdaumlhnm`js hjijsdnanjs quj `ms mc`dbah

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY=

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Js `a `jy nj` jsfujrzm `jy suprjla pmr `a iua` j` sjrsj afirla trduhfa y sj njsarrm``a js `a labhigravefiia jpmpjyanj `a Gdstmrda `a `uiga jxtjrdmr quj ``jha j` luhnm a`uiga dhfjrdmr hm js ljhms imhlmvjnmra Iana vjz qujrjhaij tjhnraacute j` Jspigraverdtu quj aimlmnar anjiuar j` hujvmjhvm`tmrdm latjrda` quj `j va a sjrvdr nj lmrana y gaijrnj auml` uh dhstruljhtm iapaz nj tranuidr nj jxprjsar `asimhijpidmhjs nj su bjhdm A pjsar nj as njijpidmhjs nj`as njrrmtas a travaumls nj as jxdstjhidas rjhmvanas j` a`laimhsdbuj njsarrm``ar sus j`jvanas faiu`tanjs

Gay jh hmsmtrms uha smrna aspdraidugraveh uha igravehtdlajhjrbigravea ldstjrdmsa quj hms jhialdha gaida as a`turas qujhms gaij tjhnjr gaida njstdhms iana vjz laacutes j`jvanmsquj hms dlpj`j gaida m Cj``m y gaida j` Cdjh Js a jy nj`prmbrjsm a jvm`uidugraveh jtjrha quj buigravea a `a Gulahdnan a travaumls nj `as jnanjs y abudemhja a iana uhm nj hmsmtrmspmrquj jh `a Gulahdnan smh `as ldslas a`las quj njsdb`m jh sdb`m vuj`vjh para prmsjbudr imh `a ayuna njhujvms iujrpms prjparaacutehnmsj para luhnms ljemrjs jhsu mcra nj pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm

a `jy nj` prmbrjsm hm sj ap`dia sm`aljhtj a`gmlcrj js uhdvjrsa` Gay jh tmnms `ms rjdhms nj `aHatura`jza uha jvm`uidugraveh quj fuj rjimhmidna pmr `mspjhsanmrjs nj tmnms `ms tdjlpms Njsnj `a iauml`u`a vjrnjnjsnj j` jlcrdugraveh jrrahtj cmyahnm a ffimr nj `as abuas`a ianjha nj `as jspjidjs sj ga njsarrm``anm a travaumls njsjrdjs vardanas gasta hmsmtrms

Iana js`acugraveh nj jsa ianjha rjprjsjhta uha fmrlanj `a jxdstjhida quj imhnuij a uha fmrla supjrdmr a uhmrbahdslm laacutes r dim laacutes cdjh anaptanm a as hjijsdnanjsa `as lahdfjstaidmhjs irjidjhtjs nj `a vdna Las jh `a

jsia`a nj `a jvm`uidugraveh j` pjhsaldjhtm `a imhidjhida y`a `dcjrtan sugrave`m aparjijh pasanms luigms branms Jh `ap`ahta `a dhtj`dbjhida nmrldta jh j` ahdla` sujntildea sugrave`mjh j` gmlcrj njspdjrta sj imhmij sj pmsjj y sj vuj`vj

imhsidjhtj a partdr nj agigrave j` prmbrjsm nj a`buha sujrtjfata` jh `as fmrlas dhfjrdmrjs nj `a Hatura`jza sugrave`m sjpujnj rja`dzar pmr j` aiujrnm nj a vm`uhtan gulaha imh`as `jyjs Jtjrhas

a tjmrigravea nj `a jvm`uidugraveh njcj sjr imlp`jtana pmr`a nj `a [jriusdugraveh m sja pmr `a aiidugraveh nj `as pmtjhidasdhvdsdc`js quj aitdva y ndrdbj jsta `jhta y prmndbdmsalariga asijhsdmha` nj `a Vdna nj` B`mcm J` gmlcrjhms njlujstra `a jlcrdmbjhda js `a sigravehtjsds nj tmnas `asfmrlas vdvas quj `m prjijndjrah j` otilde`tdlm js`acugraveh nj `a`arba ianjha nj vdnas dhfjrdmrjs quj sj jxtdjhnj a travaumlsnj ms tdjlpms Las jsm js apjhas j` aspjitm jxtjrdmr nj`prmc`jla nj` mrdbjh ldjhtras quj alp`dm j dlpmhjhtjjs j` aspjitm dhtjrdmr Asigrave imlm iana haidldjhtm sjjxp`dia pmr `a caeana a `a iarhj nj uh a`la quj vdjhj nj`Jspaidm asigrave talcdaumlh `a prdljra apardidugraveh nj` gmlcrj jhj` [`ahjta njcj sjr atrdcudna a uha dhtjrvjhidugraveh nj `as[mtjhidas dhvdsdc`js quj bjhjrah `a vdna

a jvm`uidugraveh nj `ms luhnms y nj `as a`las jsrjbdna pmr `a Vm`uhtan Ndvdha quj pjhjtra y ndrdbj tmna`a Hatura`jza Las `a jvm`uidugraveh figravesdia js uha sdlp`jprjparaidugraveh para `a jvm`uidugraveh psigravequdia y `a asijhsdugraveh nj`as a`las prmsdbuj luigm laacutes a``aacute nj `a ianjha nj `msluhnms latjrda`js Hujstrm B`mcm js imlm uha arjhanmhnj sj tracah cata``as dhijsahtjs Jh su prmndbdmsafjiuhndnan bjhjra hujvms sjrjs las `ujbm `a lujrtjsdjba jh sus fi`as ijrranas Jsa `uiga gmrrjhna a prdljravdsta js hjijsarda para j` njsarrm``m nj` prdhidpdm nj vdnanura gasta j` nigravea jh quj uh raym nj dhtj`dbjhida vdjhj ad`uldhar `as imhidjhidas anmrljidnas Js jh `a `uiga quj`a vm`uhtan sj pjrfjiidmha y afirla js nj` nm`mr quj haij`a sjhsdcd`dnan

Jljrbjr branm a branm nj` acdslm nj `a vdna para tmrharsj Jspigraverdtu bjhdm supjrdmr y jstm pmr sus prmpdmslaumlrdtms y jsfujrzms imhqudstar j` futurm gmra a gmra dr`dcjraacutehnmsj nigravea a nigravea uh pmim laacutes nj `a bahba nj `aspasdmhjs `dcjrarsj nj `as subjstdmhjs nj` jbmigraveslm nj

`a pjrjza nj` njsaacutehdlm rjsiatarsj pmim a pmim nj susffiaqujzas nj su dbhmrahida ayunahnm a sus sjljeahtjs arjsiatarsj a su vjz arrastrahnm tmnm j` ljndm gulahm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

gaida uh jstanm supjrdmr ta` js j` papj` ndstrdcudnm aiana a`la

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^a` js j` iaraacuteitjr imlp`jem nj` sjr gulahm5 jspigraverdtufujrza y latjrda jh qudjh sj rjsuljh tmnms ms j`jljhtmsimhstdtutdvms tmnas `as pmtjhidas nj` Zhdvjrsm ^mnm `mquj jstaacute jh hmsmtrms jstaacute jh j` Zhdvjrsm y tmnm `m qujjstaacute jh j` Zhdvjrsm sj jhiujhtra jh hmsmtrms [mr j`iujrpm ffiuigravendim y pmr j` iujrpm latjrda` j` gmlcrj jstaacuteuhdnm a `a dhljhsa jstruitura nj `a vdna uhdvjrsa` pmr j`a`la a tmnms `ms luhnms dhvdsdc`js y ndvdhms ^jhjlmsjh hmsmtrms j` dhstdhtm nj `a ahdla`dnan laacutes m ljhmsimlprdldnm pmr j` `arbm tracaem pmr `as prujcas nj `asjxdstjhidas pasanas y tjhjlms talcdaumlh `a irdsaacute`dna nj`aacutehbj` nj` sjr randahtj y purm quj pmnjlms vjhdr a sjrpmr a dlpu`sdugraveh lmra` pmr as aspdraidmhjs nj` imrazugraveh ypmr j` sairdfiidm imhstahtj nj` ‐ymldquo ^mialms imh `ms pdjs

`as prmfuhndnanjs smlcrigraveas nj` acdslm y imh a frjhtj as

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Ahabrala 34LMMNT S Imldhb Caio HT5 Cahtal Cmmos 1441

^jhjlms jh hmsmtrms j` dhstdhtm nj `aahdla`dnan laacutes m ljhms imlprdldnm

pmr j` `arbm tracaem pmr `as prujcas nj `asjxdstjhidas pasanas y tjhjlms talcdaumlh `a

irdsaacute`dna nj` aacutehbj` nj` sjr randahtj y purm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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36 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM

J` 3gt nj euhdm nj 14gt9 fuj para `a idunan nj Baumlhmva(Dta`da) uh nigravea jldhjhtjljhtj trdstj Zhm nj sus laacutesiauml`jcrjs dhvjstdbanmrjs psigravequdims partigravea gaida j` mtrm `anmnj a vdna a ms 71 antildems nj jnan njspuaumls nj gacjr njeanmjsirdtm para `a gdstmrda laacutes nj sjsjhta mcras y idjhtms njartigraveiu`ms casanms jh sus dhvjstdbaidmhjs

Jrhjstm Cmzzahm gacigravea haidnm jh `a ldsla idunanquj `j vdm lmrdr j` 4 nj jhjrm nj 1763 Yu fald`dajimhugraveldialjhtj aimlmnana `m rjidcdugrave euhtm imh mtrmsiuatrm gjrlahms laacutes mcsjrvahnm iugravelm sj njstaiacajh auml` uh almr apasdmhahtj pmr j` aprjhndzaej ^a` jra asigravequj a `ms iuatrm antildems suejtahnm imh sus pjqujntildeas lahmsuh vm`uldhmsm y ldstjrdmsm tmlm smcrj `a `dtjraturabjhmvjsa dhsdstigravea a su lanrj para quj j jhsjntildeara a `jjr`m

[asa j` tdjlpm y Cmzzahm js a`jhtanm a jstundar jhuha jsiuj`a taumlihdia pjrm a `ms iatmrij antildems tras luigas`aacutebrdlas js mc`dbanm pmr su panrj a acahnmhar`a Jstmfmrta`jidugrave su pjrsmha`dnan ya quj a partdr nj jhtmhijs suljta fuj anqudrdr imlm `jy uha brah iu`tura njspjrtahnmluigigravesdlm dhtjraumls pmr `ms brahnjs i`aacutesdims dta`dahms a`dtjratura fuj su prdljra vmiaidugraveh y tras imhvjrtdrsj jhuh autmndnaita js iapaz nj `jjr jh dhb`aumls `as mcras nj `ms

pmjtas ^gmlas Lmmrj [jriy Cyssgj Ygj``jy Emgh Ld`tmh yRd``dal Ygaojspjarj

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CDMBSAFIgraveA5JSHJY^M CMUUAHM

Ndvu`banmr jspigraverdta artdiu`dsta y imhfjrjhidahtj [artdidpa jhprmbralas nj randm y tj`jvdsdugraveh nj tjlaacutetdia jspdrdtua` Js prjsdnjhtjnj `a Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj Lanrdn Euah Ldbuj` Fjrhaacutehnjz

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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32CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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37 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA

DHY^DH^M JDH^JDBJHIDA

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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34DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull LJ^JL[YDIMYDY T SJJHIASHAIDUgraveH

LJ^JL[YDIMYDY T SJJHIASHAIDUgraveH

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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93 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

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Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKsjajspdrdtaiml

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^j`f5 +9gt 61 66 477

bull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms JspigraverdtasCjzjrra nj Ljhjzjs

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^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 436 11 296

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ialdhm nj uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 Ahtdbua Iarrjtjra nj Lanrdn 3

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211bull [a`la nj La``mria (DYAY CAJASJY)

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3713 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwjspdrdtaslanrdniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtaslanrdnKtj`jfmhdiahjt

Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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99Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta Frahidsim nj Asigraves nj`a Ydjrra

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Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 f rahidsimnjasdsnj`asdjrraKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 627 16 441

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Jhtrj j` Idj`m y `a djrraNdrjiidugraveh5 Avna nj Lanrdn 34 `mia` 3767 bull Yah Lartigraveh nj Va`njdb`jsdas (LANSDN)

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Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mab`dmKarraodsjs ^j`f5 +9gt 627 662 319 rsquo +9gt 627 662 313

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ljhsaejrms nj `a uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lanjra 1 - Caem

37gt bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwitvjsZYJSYijlj`gmljgtl

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijlj`lanrdnKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 9gt 41 976 3 77 rsquo 9gt 41 91gt 7 17bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms y Ndvu`baidugraveh

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^j`f5 9gt 41 37 gt 71 rsquo +9gt 672 446 79

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundm Jspigraverdta jugraveh NjhdsNdrjiidugraveh5 Cmhjtjrm 9 ljtrm [dm WDD 3716 bull Lanrdn

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^j`f5 +9gt 664 96 14

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bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas ‐YdhFrmhtjrasldquo

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Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijjsdhfrmhtjrasKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta

Abjhna Irdstdaha - JNDIJD gt ₠

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Iartd``a nj` Cdjh - JNDIJD 6 ₠

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Jspdrdtdslm y Jim`mbigravea - JNDIJD 7 ₠

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Mcrjrms nj `a Vdna Jtjrha - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[ah Hujstrm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[jhsaldjhtm y Vdna - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Sj`dbdugraveh nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 177 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐ms Gdems nj` Ayjrldquo

[aacutebdha 37

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 3bull Jndidugraveh Mitucrj 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

1 antildems nj J` `dcrm nj `ms laumlnduls

Jhtrjvdsta a` LaumlndulNdva`nm Frahim

Ljndulhdnan nj jfjitms figravesdims[aacutebdha 1gt

^rahsimluhdiaidugraveh dhstruljhta`[aacutebdha 3

Fmrlaidugraveh nj` Laumlndul[aacutebdha 13

Jspdrdtdslm jh a dtjratura

[aacutebdha 37

frac12Ejsotildes jra laumlndul=[aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 1bull Jndidugraveh Eu`dm 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Jspdrdtdslm imlm fi`msmfigravea nj vdna

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm57bull Jndidugravehacrd`31gtbull [rjidm59

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm52bull JndidugravehMitucrj 319bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

ms Ijhtrms jspdrdtdstas njcjh sjr`a iaacutetjnra nj` Jspigraverdtu nj Vjrnan

QZAuml JY J JY[DSD^DYLM=

DH^SMNZIIDUgraveHA IMHMIDLDJH^M NJ LZHNM DHVDYDCJ

[MS AY LAHDFJY^AIDMHJY NJ MY JY[IgraveSD^ZY

Imhtdjhj j` rjsuljh nj ms prdhidpdms nj a nmitrdha jspdrdtdsta y as rjs-pujstas a as prdhidpa`js mcejidmhjs

pmr

A``ah - Oarnjiautmr nj` dcrm nj ms jspigraverdtus y nj` dcrm nj ms Ljnduls

JNDIDUgraveH JIMHUgraveLDIA

[rjidm 3 rja`js

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh Jspantildea

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm56bull JndidugravehEu`dm319bull[rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5bull JndidugravehLarzm319bull [rjidm59₠

nj a FJJ

Jspdrdtdslm jh j` luhnm[aacutebdha 37

[rjiursmrjs nj` Jspdrdtdslm[aacutebdha 6

Artgur Imhah Nmy`j[aacutebdha 32

Idjhtigravefiims jspigraverdtas nj`sdb`m WDW [aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a rjvj`aidugraveh jspigraverdtay A``ah Oarnji [aacutebdha 17

a SjvujYpdrdtj [aacutebdha 3

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

a Vdna jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

[sdim`mbigravea jh j` laacutes a``aacute[aacutebdha 1gt

Aacutehbj`js BuarndahjsJspigraverdtus [rm-tjitmrjsFald`darjs y Ydlpaacutetdims

[aacutebdha 32[jrdjspigraverdtu

[aacutebdha 33

ms Yujntildems Jspdrdtua`js[aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐HMYYM ASldquo

Jhtrjvdsta aYahtdaba Hmbujrm [aacutebdha 1

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5gtbull JndidugravehYjptdjlcrj 313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

^rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

a vdna jtjrha[aacutebdha 1

^rahsdidugraveh p`ahjtarda[aacutebdha 37

[`ura`dnan nj luhnms gacdtanms[aacutebdha 39

Jvm`uidugraveh gdstugraverdia nj` pjhsaldjh-tm jspdrdtua` [aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Jhtrjvdsta

Cdmbrafigravea

a Larigravea nj `aBraida nj Jh-

njr [aacutebdha 12

aumlmh Njhds[aacutebdha 7

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm59bull JndidugravehLarzm313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

[jtdidugraveh nj hotildeljrms ahtjrdmrjs5

H 1 rsquo 1 Antildems nj` ‐dcrm nj`ms Laumlndulsldquo

H 3 rsquo Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna

H 9 rsquo rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

H gt rsquo a Vdna jh j` luhnmjspdrdtua`

H rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

H 6 rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslmjh Jspantildea

H 2 rsquo J` Ijhtrm Jspdrdta

H 7 rsquo J` Jspdrdtdslm imlmfi`msmfigravea nj vdna

pjndnmsrjvdstafjjKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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DHFMSLAIDUgraveH T SJYJSVAY5

YJISJ^ASIgraveA AumlIHDIAMSBAHDUA

IMHFJSJHIDAY

T YJLDHASDMY

bull J` Luhnm Dhvdsdc`j

bull Sjbrjsm a `a vdna jspdrdtua`

bull J` laacutes a``aacute nj` sudidna

bull a lotildesdia jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

jqud`dcrdm para j` a`la

bull Jspigraverdtus y su gdstmrda jh `a gulahd-

nan

bull ^jrapda nj` almr

bull Imluhdiaidugraveh imh `ms jspigraverdtus5

ldtms y vjrnanjs

bull Njsvj`ahnm `m dhvdsdc`j (prujcas idjhtigrave-

fiias fi`msugravefiias j gdstugraverdias)

I d ` n d d dc`

a partdidpaidugraveh a jstj jvjhtm jstaacute acdjrta a tmnas aquj``as pjrsmhas dhtjrjsanas

IMHFJSJHIDAH^JY

Ndva`nm [ Frahim - A`frjnm A`mhsm nj `a Fujhtj - A`frjnm

^acujntildea - Vditmr Suahm - Iar`ms Ialpjttd - Euah Ldbuj`

Fjrhaacutehnjz - Eahaigraveha Ldhj``d - Iarljh Iarnmha - Ldbuj`

Vjra - M`ba Mrtdz

6 2 y 7 Ndidjlcrj 31gt

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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12AZ^MLA^DYLM T [JSDJY[IgraveSD^Z bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

AZ^MLA DYLM T [JSDJY[IgraveSD^Z

a prdljra vjz quj jh `a Nmitrdha Jspigraverdta aparjijj` imhijptm nj pjrdjspigraverdtu js jh `a iujstdugraveh hmicro 49 nj J`

dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus nmhnj aumlstms hms dhfmrlah nj qujlaquoJ` Jspigraverdtu jstaacute rjvjstdnm nj uha sucstahida vapmrmsapara td pjrm luy brmsjra aotildeh para hmsmtrmsiquest A``ah Oar-

nji a partdr nj j``m jh j` imljhtardm quj sdbuj a jstarjspujsta hmlcra ‐pjrdjspigraverdtuldquo a jsa jhvm`tura quj rj-vdstj a` Jspigraverdtu

Idjh antildems njspuaumls nj jsa prdljra njfihdidugraveh nj J`

dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus jh jhjrm nj 147 jh `a mcra Jvm-

`uidugraveh jh nms luhnms j` Jspigraverdtu Ahnrauml udz hms mfrj-

ij jhtrj mtrms j` sdbudjhtj apuhtj smcrj j` pjrdjspigraverdtu(iujrpm jspdrdtua`)5 laquoJh j` iujrpm jspdrdtua` pmsjjlms tmnm j` jqudpaldjhtm nj rjiursms autmlaacutetdims quj smhimhqudstanms luy `jhtaljhtj pmr j` Yjr nurahtj ld`j-hdms y ld`jhdms nj jsfujrzm y rjiapdtu`aidugraveh jh `ms lotilde`td-p`js sjitmrjs nj `a jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldiaiquest (iap DD)

[mr mtrm `anm sacjlms quj j` Jspigraverdtu hm sj pujnjimhijcdr sdh a dnja nj a fmrla m nj` iujrpm quj m rjvds- tj fmrlahnm pmr tahtm j` pjrdjspigraverdtu partj dhtjbrahtj

nj` Jspigraverdtu Nj j``m sj njnuij y jhtdjhnj i`araljhtjquj a jvm`uidugraveh jspdrdtua` hm pujnj njs`dbarsj nj a jvm-`uidugraveh nj `a fmrla quj jh tmnm lmljhtm `a aimlpantildeaJfjitdvaljhtj pmr su jsjhida jspdrdtua` j` prdhidpdm dhtj-`dbjhtj (njspuaumls Jspigraverdtu) hm pujnj mcrar ndrjitaljhtj

smcrj `a latjrda hjijsdtahnm nj uh vjgigraveiu`m dhtjrlj-ndardm quj ‐almrtdbethjldquo `a ndfjrjhida nj vdcraidmhjs qujjxdstj jhtrj jsa imhndidugraveh jspdrdtua` y `a latjrda pjrld- tdaumlhnm`j pmnjr dhtjraituar jh j` ljndm figravesdim

[mr tahtm para imlprjhnjr imrrjitaljhtj jsa sj-rdj nj rjiursms autmlaacutetdims nj` iujrpm jspdrdtua` (autm-latdslms nj` pjrdjspigraverdtu) nj `ms quj hms gac`a Ahnraumludz njcjlms dhjvdtac`jljhtj rjlmhtarhms a ms mrigravebj-hjs nj` Jspigraverdtu Iuahnm j` jspigraverdtu fuj irjanm jlpjzugravesu `arbuigravesdlm pjrjbrdhaej jh imhtaitm imh `a latjrda jhndrjiidugraveh a` j`jvanm fih a` quj Ndms `j gacigravea njstdhanmlaquotjedjhnm imh `ms gd`ms nj `a jxpjrdjhida `a totildehdia nj suprmpda jxtjrdmrdzaidugraveh imhfmrlj a` lm`nj ljhta` quj``jva imhsdbmiquest (Jvm`uidugraveh jh nms luhnms iap 9)

A partdr nj sus prdljras lahdfjstaidmhjs jh j` p`ahmlatjrda` j` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj avahzugrave a travaumls nj `msrjdhms dhfjrdmrjs nj `a hatura`jza imhstruyjhnm fmrlasy iujrpms iana vjz laacutes imlp`jems y pjrfjitms para sulahdfjstaidugraveh jh vardanms jstandms nj aprjhndzaej y jh`as ndfjrjhtjs jsfjras nj `a vdna a ljndna quj sjhtigravea `ahjijsdnan nj jxprjsar laymrjs avahijs y hujvas faiu`ta-njs imhfmrlj a `as ndrjitrdijs quj ``jva jh su dhtdldnannjsnj su irjaidugraveh Nj lahjra quj jh jsj prm`mhbanm y

prmbrjsdvm njsjhvm`vdldjhtm nj` jspigraverdtu jh ms lotilde`tdp`js`acmratmrdms nj `a hatura`jza sj p`aslarmh `ms ndvjrsmssjhtdnms ugraverbahms y sdstjlas nmhnj as iauml`u`as sj ‐fujrmh

laquoJh j` iujrpm jspdrdtua` pmsjjlms tmnm j`jqudpaldjhtm nj rjiursms autmlaacutetdims quj

smh imhqudstanms luy `jhtaljhtj pmr j` Yjr

nurahtj ld`jhdms y ld`jhdms nj jsfujrzm yrjiapdtu`aidugraveh jh `ms lotilde`tdp`js sjitmrjs nj `a

jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldiaiquest

A`frjnm acujntildeaJs ldjlcrm nj` Ijhtrj Jspigraverdta Ala`da Nmldhbm Ym`jr

(Carij`mha) y uh jhtusdasta tracaeanmr y ndvu`banmr nj `a NmitrdhaJspigraverdta

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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17 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull AZ^MLA^DYLM T [JSDJY[IgraveSD^Z

jspjida`dzahnmldquo surbdjhnm pau`atdhaljhtj iana vjz laacuteshigravetdna y njfihdna jsa jstruitura astra` dhtjrljndarda jh- trj j` luhnm dhvdsdc`j y j` luhnm latjrda` quj ld`jhdmsnjspuaumls jh `a uhdnan JspigraverdtuYjr gulahm sj imhsm`dnaimlm j` pjrdjspigraverdtu

T tmnm j``m sdjlprj ga sdnm a casj nj jxpjrdjhidasjsfujrzms sairdfiidms y aprjhndzaejs anqudrdnms nurahtjld`jhms nj prujcas nj ‐sufrdldjhtmldquo nj jhtrjhaldjhtmnj rjpjtdidmhjs y nj laacutes rjpjtdidmhjs irjahnm imh j`pasm nj` tdjlpm uha sjrdj nj autmlatdslms cdm`ugravebdims

nj njfjhsa nj supjrvdvjhida y nj dhluhdnan quj sjnd-ljhtarmh jh j` iujrpm astra` nj` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj

J` prmijsm jvm`utdvm pmr tahtm hm ga sdnm sugrave`m uhpasm nj uhas fmrlas a mtras Js luigm laacutes5 sdbhdfiia uhigravehtdlm pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm nj fuhidmhjs psigravequdias y nj asimrrjspmhndjhtjs jstruituras astra`jsfigravesdias quj pjrld- tjh jxprjsar`as njsnj `as laacutes sdlp`js fmrlas a `ms mr-bahdslms laacutes imlp`jems nmhnj `as faiu`tanjs rundljh- tardas sj njsjhvm`vdjrmh suijsdvaljhtj aituahnm smcrjjsa jstruitura jxtrafigravesdia lmndfiiaacutehnm`a y njeahnm jhj``a jh iana pasm y jh iana jtapa ms trazms y sjntildea`js nj`prmbrjsm rja`dzanm

Imh j` trahsiursm nj` tdjlpm y `a rjpjtdidugraveh nj `asjxpjrdjhidas j` jspigraverdtu anqudjrj aprjhndzaejs jh tmnm ynj tmnm jh `as vdidsdtunjs nj sus `uigas imhstahtjs pmrprmbrjsar jh `ms pmrljhmrjs nj `as jxpjrdjhidas suij-sdvas y jh tmnas `as aitdtunjs quj a fujrza nj vdvdr`asuha y mtra vjz njspuaumls nj ‐tahtm jhtrjhaldjhtmldquo `asdhimrpmra jh su dhtdldnan imhvdrtdjhnm `ms lmvdldjhtmsy jsfujrzms quj jh uh prdhidpdm rjsu`tacah ‐pjhmsmsldquo y‐vm`uhtardmsldquo jh faacuteid`js dhimhsidjhtjs y ljiaacutehdims paraljemr y laacutes raacutepdnaljhtj njfjhnjrsj nj `as anvjrsdna-njs nj` ljndm y smcrjvdvdr jh `a `uiga pmr `a hjijsdnan

jhradzaacutehnmsj tmnm j``m imlm autmlatdslms jh `ms jh-brahaejs nj `a fisdm`mbigravea ahigraveldia js njidr jh j` iujrpmastra`

Iana vjz quj j` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj tjhigravea quj jej-iutar uha aiidugraveh m uha sjrdj nj lmvdldjhtms pmr prd-ljra vjz njcigravea gaijr`m ‐nj lahjra vm`uhtardaldquo js njidrrjqudrdjhnm nj uh jsfujrzm imhsidjhtj para pmnjr rja`d-zar`m A casj nj rjpjtdr jsms lmvdldjhtms y aiidmhjs jhhuljrmsas miasdmhjs sj fujrmh irjahnm uha sjrdj njasmidaidmhjs ndhaacuteldias y jstac`js jh j` iujrpm astra` qujsj aitdvah nj lahjra autmlaacutetdia jh iuahtm sj prjidsa njj``m a` vdvdr `as ldslas sdtuaidmhjs y jxpjrdjhidas tahtasvjijs ya vdvdnas ahtjrdmrljhtj

Nj jstj lmnm `jjlms jh j` iap gt nj Jvm`uidugraveh jhnms luhnms quj laquoj` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj p`aslugrave jh suprmpdm vjgigraveiu`m nj jxtjrdmrdzaidugraveh `as imhqudstas qujfuhnaljhtah su irjidldjhtm faiu`tahnm imh j` trahsiur-sm nj` tdjlpm j` autmlatdslm fisdm`ugravebdim pmr j` iua` sdhhdhbotildeh mcstaacuteiu`m jejiuta tmnms `ms aitms prdlardms nj`a lahutjhidugraveh prjsjrvaidugraveh y rjhmvaidugraveh nj su prmpdavdnaiquest Jstj autmlatdslm prjsjhtj jh `as fuhidmhjs fisdm-`ugravebdias js j` rjsu`tanm nj `a sula nj jxpjrdjhidas nj`prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj jh su iujrpm astra` a travaumls nj `mssdb`ms Asigrave pujs fmrlanm nurahtj ld`js nj antildems jh `ms ta``jrjs nj `a hatura`jza j` pjrdjspigraverdtu gjrjnugrave j` autm-

latdslm pjrlahjhtj quj `m lahtdjhj aituahtj braidas

a `m iua` j` sjr gulahm hm hjijsdta prmbralarsj m pjh-sar para rjspdrar nmrldr prmlmvjr fjhugraveljhms ndbjstdvmsjxirjtar jti

A`botildeh nigravea ``jbaraacute jh quj talcdaumlh j`sjr gulahm imhqudstaraacute j dhtjrdmrdzaraacuteaitdtunjs nj almr para jxtjrdmrdzar`assdh jsfujrzm a`buhmhellip njspuaumls nj tahtmsjrrmrjs y rjitdfiiaidmhjs `m garaacute imlm uhautmlatdslm laacutes

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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14AZ^MLA^DYLM T [JSDJY[IgraveSD^Z bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

Js njidr quj j` sjr gulahm pmr su pjrdjspigraverdtu jspmsjjnmr pmr asigrave njidr`m nj uha ‐ljlmrda cdm`ugravebdialdquo(ahatugraveldia y fisdm`ugravebdia) quj sj ga dnm imhstruyjhnmpaidjhtjljhtj jh tmna `a asijhsdugraveh nj` prdhidpdm jspd-rdtua` pmr `a jsia`a zmm`ugravebdia nj `a vdna mrbaacutehdia jh `aquj jh jsa jstruitura jxtrafigravesdia dhnjfihdna rundljhtarday almrfa jh `ms sjrjs dhdida`js y quj jh j` sjr gulahmsj imhsm`dna imlm j` pjrdjspigraverdtu sj gah fieanm tmnms`ms rjiursms cjhjfiidms ljiahdslms y `jyjs nj jsa vdnamrbaacutehdia nj supjrvdvjhida y nj anaptaidugraveh y quj gmy sj

jhiujhtrah pjrfjitaljhtj jstruituranms y njfihdnms jhj` sjr gulahm y braidas a `m iua` tmnms hmsmtrms jejiu- talms nj fmrla hatura` y imlp`jtaljhtj autmlaacutetdia tmnms `ms aitms prdlardms y caacutesdims nj` fuhidmhaldjhtmfisdm`ugravebdim nj hujstrm mrbahdslm y uh sdhfigraveh nj fuhidmhjsquj hms pasah njsapjridcdnas

Nj lahjra quj j` iujrpm figravesdim mcjnjij a jsmsautmlatdslms pjrdjspdrdtua`js dhi`usm iuahnm j` jqudpmJspigraverdtupjrdjspigraverdtu sj jlahidpa parida`ljhtj nj auml` quj-nahnm uhdnm tah sugrave`m pmr a`buhms `azms ffiuigravendims sufi-idjhtjs para prjsjrvar `as fuhidmhjs cdm`ugravebdias sdh hdhbotildehpjreudidm Jh j` [`ah Ndvdhm nj a jvm`uidugraveh jra hjijsardm

quj j` jspigraverdtu pasasj prdljrm pmr tmna uha sjrdj njjxpjrdjhidas caacutesdias a fih nj dr fieahnm jh su jhvm`turajxtrafigravesdia `as `jyjs quj ndrdbjh `a vdna mrbaacutehdia para jh- trjbarsj njspuaumls a `ms tracaems prmpdms nj pjrfjiidmha-ldjhtm lmra` j dhtj`jitua` quj sj dhdidah jh j` Jspigraverdtusjr gulahm

Zha vjz ya p`jhaljhtj imhqudstana jsa jtapa dhdida`a`botildeh nigravea `jbaraacute sdh nuna jh quj talcdaumlh j` sjr gulahmimhqudstaraacute j dhtjrdmrdzaraacute aitdtunjs nj almr para jxtj-rdmrdzar`as sdh jsfujrzm a`buhm [mrquj talcdaumlh a casjnj jhtrjhm aprjhndzaejs y jxpjrdjhidas fmrlaraacuteh partj

nj su dhtdldnan jspdrdtua` hm hjijsdtahnm jsfmrzarsj paraalar pmrquj njspuaumls nj tahtms jrrmrjs y rjitdfiiaidmhjs`m garaacute imlm uh autmlatdslm laacutes

Hmta5

Yj `ala pjrdjspigraverdtu a` vjgigraveiu`m dhtjrljndardm jh-

trj j` Jspigraverdtu y j` iujrpm figravesdim a partdr nj `a jspjidj

gulaha Ahtjs jh `ms rjdhms dhfjrdmrjs jsj iujrpm dh-

tjrljndardm `m gj hmlcranm imlm iujrpm jstruitura

astra` jhvm`tura jxtrafigravesdia vjgigraveiu`m dhtjrljndardm Nj`

ldslm lmnm j` Jspigraverdtu (dhndvdnua`dnan imh imhidjhida

prmpda) jlpdjza su trayjitmrda a partdr talcdaumlh nj `a

fasj gulaha Jsj psdqudslm ahtjs nj `a jtapa gulaha

`m gj hmlcranm imlm jspigraverdtu (imh ldhotildesiu`a) m prdh-

idpdm dhtj`dbjhtj

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY=

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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31frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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33 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY=

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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sjntildea`ah `as `jyjs jtjrhas sj imhstdtuyj jh arqudtjitm njsu njstdhm Yu anj`ahtaldjhtm js mcra suya Hdhbuhafata`dnan `m mprdlj sa`vm `a nj sus prmpdms aitms iuyasimhsjiujhidas rjiajh jh auml` las hm pujnj njsarrm``arsjy ljnrar sdhm jh a vdna im`jitdva imh j` rjiursm nj ianauhm y jh prmvjigm nj tmnms Iuahtm laacutes sucj tahtmlaacutes sj sdjhtj vdvdr y sufrdr jh tmnms y pmr tmnms Jh `ahjijsdnan nj j`jvarsj a sigrave ldslm atraj a sigrave para gaijr`ms``jbar a` jstanm jspdrdtua` a tmnms ms sjrjs gulahms qujpujc`ah `ms luhnms nmhnj vdvdjra Qudjrj gaijr pmrj``ms `m quj pmr auml` gdidjrah sus gjrlahms laacutes vdjems `msbrahnjs Jspigraverdtus quj `m budarah jh su lariga

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3gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY=

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Gay jh hmsmtrms uha smrna aspdraidugraveh uha igravehtdlajhjrbigravea ldstjrdmsa quj hms jhialdha gaida as a`turas qujhms gaij tjhnjr gaida njstdhms iana vjz laacutes j`jvanmsquj hms dlpj`j gaida m Cj``m y gaida j` Cdjh Js a jy nj`prmbrjsm a jvm`uidugraveh jtjrha quj buigravea a `a Gulahdnan a travaumls nj `as jnanjs y abudemhja a iana uhm nj hmsmtrmspmrquj jh `a Gulahdnan smh `as ldslas a`las quj njsdb`m jh sdb`m vuj`vjh para prmsjbudr imh `a ayuna njhujvms iujrpms prjparaacutehnmsj para luhnms ljemrjs jhsu mcra nj pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm

a `jy nj` prmbrjsm hm sj ap`dia sm`aljhtj a`gmlcrj js uhdvjrsa` Gay jh tmnms `ms rjdhms nj `aHatura`jza uha jvm`uidugraveh quj fuj rjimhmidna pmr `mspjhsanmrjs nj tmnms `ms tdjlpms Njsnj `a iauml`u`a vjrnjnjsnj j` jlcrdugraveh jrrahtj cmyahnm a ffimr nj `as abuas`a ianjha nj `as jspjidjs sj ga njsarrm``anm a travaumls njsjrdjs vardanas gasta hmsmtrms

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Jljrbjr branm a branm nj` acdslm nj `a vdna para tmrharsj Jspigraverdtu bjhdm supjrdmr y jstm pmr sus prmpdmslaumlrdtms y jsfujrzms imhqudstar j` futurm gmra a gmra dr`dcjraacutehnmsj nigravea a nigravea uh pmim laacutes nj `a bahba nj `aspasdmhjs `dcjrarsj nj `as subjstdmhjs nj` jbmigraveslm nj

`a pjrjza nj` njsaacutehdlm rjsiatarsj pmim a pmim nj susffiaqujzas nj su dbhmrahida ayunahnm a sus sjljeahtjs arjsiatarsj a su vjz arrastrahnm tmnm j` ljndm gulahm

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3frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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irdsaacute`dna nj` aacutehbj` nj` sjr randahtj y purm

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36 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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32CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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37 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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34DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull LJ^JL[YDIMYDY T SJJHIASHAIDUgraveH

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3136

91LJ^JL[YDIMYDY T SJJHIASHAIDUgraveH bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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9 Oarnji A``ah M dvrm nms Jspigraverdtms [rjbuhta 611 Jndidugraveh Mh`dhj FJC3 Oarnji A``ah M dvrm nms Jspigraverdtms [rjbuhta 619 Jndidugraveh Mh`dhj FJC

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3236

93 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

bull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aRjc5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjs

FaijCmmo5 wwwjspdrdtdslmiifaijcmmo

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`f5 +9gt 636 911 771

A`diahtjbull Ymidjnan Jspdrdtdsta A`diahtdhaNdrjiidugraveh5 I Cazaacuteh 3-3micro 91 A`diahtjRjc5 wwwsjajspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKsjajspdrdtaiml

^j`f5 +9gt 676 43 gt1

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta a uz nj` IaldhmNdrjiidugraveh5 Apartanm nj Imrrjms hmicro 122

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999 bull Irjvd``jhtj (ADIAH^J)Rjc5 www`a`uznj`pmrvjhdroarnjijs

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^j`f5 +9gt 61 66 477

bull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms JspigraverdtasCjzjrra nj Ljhjzjs

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91 bull Cjhdnmrl (ADIAH^J)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5ijhtrmjspdrdtacjhdnmrlKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 624 497 42

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bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ala`da Nmldhbm Ym`jr Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Vjhtura [`aea 1 - caems Ljtrm - Cana` 737 Carij`mhaRjc5 wwwijansoarnjijs Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijansKmhmiml ^j`f5 +9gt 66 913 672

Idunan Sja`bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Almr Fratjrhm Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Fjrrmiarrd` 22 196 bull A`iaacutezar nj Yah Euah (IDZNAN SJA)

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^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 436 11 296

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ialdhm nj uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 Ahtdbua Iarrjtjra nj Lanrdn 3

193 bull Lahzaharjs (IDZNAN SJA)Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsijialdhmnj`uz Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijialdhmnj`uzKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 436 63 372 rsquo +9gt 636 911 771

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bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Yah Iar`ms nj` Va``jNdrjiidugraveh5 I Salugraveh y Iaea` 12 193gt2 bull Yah Iar`ms nj` Va``j (IDZNAN SJA)

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j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 421 376 174 rsquo +9gt 694 316 gtgt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ds`as Ca`jarjs (IJDC)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a ^rmcana gt7 a-c

211bull [a`la nj La``mria (DYAY CAJASJY)

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^j`f5 +9gt 62 47 7gt

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Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsmtusdhjral ^j`f5 9gt 429 911 324

Lanrdnbull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj LanrdnNdrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a Cm`sa 1gt - 1micro niga

3713 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwjspdrdtaslanrdniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtaslanrdnKtj`jfmhdiahjt

Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3336

99Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta Frahidsim nj Asigraves nj`a Ydjrra

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a Iantildeana Sja` 33 1micro C37gt Im``anm Vd``a`ca (LANSDN)

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 f rahidsimnjasdsnj`asdjrraKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 627 16 441

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Jhtrj j` Idj`m y `a djrraNdrjiidugraveh5 Avna nj Lanrdn 34 `mia` 3767 bull Yah Lartigraveh nj Va`njdb`jsdas (LANSDN)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsjhtrjj`idj`my`atdjrra

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mab`dmKarraodsjs ^j`f5 +9gt 627 662 319 rsquo +9gt 627 662 313

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ljhsaejrms nj `a uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lanjra 1 - Caem

37gt bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwitvjsZYJSYijlj`gmljgtl

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijlj`lanrdnKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 9gt 41 976 3 77 rsquo 9gt 41 91gt 7 17bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms y Ndvu`baidugraveh

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Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5aurmravaziaca``jrmKgmtlad`iml

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^j`f5 9gt 41 37 gt 71 rsquo +9gt 672 446 79

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundm Jspigraverdta jugraveh NjhdsNdrjiidugraveh5 Cmhjtjrm 9 ljtrm [dm WDD 3716 bull Lanrdn

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Laacute`ababull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas A``ah OarnjiNdrjiidugraveh5 I Gaumlrmjs nj Ymstma 29 J-1micro

343 bull Laacute`abaRjc5 wwwjndtmrajspdrdtaa``ahoarnjijs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 a`cmrahjndtmraKmhmiml

^j`f5 9gt 43 397 67 rsquo +9gt 62 7 32

Luridabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Sjidhtm nj [az Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a [az1 1micro N ([atdntildem) 913 LuridaRjc5 wwwijrjidhtmnjpazjs

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijrjidhtmnjpazKrjidhtmnjpazjs

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^j`f5 +9gt 664 96 14

[mhtjvjnrabull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta [az Arlmhigravea y Iardnan

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bull Brupm Jspigraverdta Hujvm Alahjijr Emahha nj Ahbj`ds

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Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtashujvmalahjijrKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 + 9gt 62 44 462 - + 9gt 62 44 46

^arrabmhabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Emahha nj Ahbj`dsNdrjiidugraveh5 [ucd`` Mrdm` 33

gt931 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 422 9gt6 16gt rsquo +9gt 63 gt61 67gt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Lahuj` y Ndva`nmNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Vdjhtm gt93 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)Rjc5 wwwijlyniml

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Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`jfmhm5 +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas ‐YdhFrmhtjrasldquo

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Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijjsdhfrmhtjrasKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta

Abjhna Irdstdaha - JNDIJD gt ₠

A`cmrana Irdstdaha (Ljndahm) gt ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrDD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

Aacuternua Asijhsdugraveh 13 ₠

Atjhidugraveh (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ialdhm Vjrnan y Vdna - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Iartd``a nj` Cdjh - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Iuahnm Sjbrjsj `a [rdlavjra (Hmrla`) 2 ₠

Iujhtms Jspdrdtdstas 4 ₠

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J` A`la js Dhlmrta` 7 ₠

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta 4 ₠

J` Idj`m y j` Dhfijrhm - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Jspigraverdtu nj `a Vjrnan - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` Jvahbj`dm Yjbotildeh j` Jspdrdtdslm -JNDIJD

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J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Yjr Yucimhsidjhtj 6 ₠

Jh `m Dhvdsdc`j 7 ₠

Jh `ms Nmldhdms nj `a Ljndulhdnan -JNDIJD

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Jspdrdtdslm y Jim`mbigravea - JNDIJD 7 ₠

B`msardm Jspigraverdta (Cm`sd``m) 6 ₠

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Gdphmtdslm y Jspdrdtdslm 7 ₠

Ejsotildes jh j` Gmbar - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Eustdida Ndvdha - JNDIJD 7 ₠

a Baumlhjsds - JNDIJD 1 ₠

a Vdna jh Fald`da gt ₠

dcjraidugraveh - JNDIJD 4 ₠

as Vdnas Yuijsdvas 4 ₠

ms Ljhsaejrms - JNDIJD 7 ₠

ms Lujrtms Ydbujh Vdvdjhnm 6 ₠

Lahms Zhdnas (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljndtaidmhjs (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljlmrdas nj` [anrj Bjrlaacuteh 2 ₠

Ljhsaej nj uh Anm`jsijhtj njsnj j`Luhnm Jspdrdtua` - JNDIJD ₠

Ldsdmhjrms nj `a uz - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Lujrtj js Vdna 6 ₠

Hujstrm Gmbar - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Mcrjrms nj `a Vdna Jtjrha - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[ah Hujstrm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[jhsaldjhtm y Vdna - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Sj`dbdugraveh nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 177 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 174 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Yjntildea` Vjrnj gt ₠

Yjxm y Njstdhm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Ydjlcra nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Yuc`dlj Jxpdaidugraveh - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Vdna Fj`dz - JNDIJD 2 ₠

Lm`njahnm j` ^jrijr Ld`jhdm - Vdna yMcra nj Ndva`nm [ Frahim

1 ₠

Vdna y Yjxm - JNDIJD 6 ₠

T `a Vdna Imhtdhotildeahellip JNDIJD 7 ₠

dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ

Ugraverbahm jndtmrda` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a sdh aacutehdlm nj `uirm quj rjdhvdjrtj jh j` prmpdm

`dcrm jspigraverdta Yj gaijh jhvigravems imhtra rjjlcm`sm Gaba su pjndnm prjfjrdc`jljhtj pmr imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim adhfmKjspdrdtdslmii m pmr tj`aumlfmhm5 636 911 771

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Vdna ahtjs nj `a Vdna

Jhtrjvdsta a Iar`msSmcjrtm Ialpjttd

Jhfjrljnanjs nj` a`la[aacutebdha 1gt

Jvdnjhidas Idjhtigravefiias a favmr nj`a Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna [aacutebdha 3

[`ahjaldjhtm rjjhiarhatmrdm[aacutebdha 13

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐ms Gdems nj` Ayjrldquo

[aacutebdha 37

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 3bull Jndidugraveh Mitucrj 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

1 antildems nj J` `dcrm nj `ms laumlnduls

Jhtrjvdsta a` LaumlndulNdva`nm Frahim

Ljndulhdnan nj jfjitms figravesdims[aacutebdha 1gt

^rahsimluhdiaidugraveh dhstruljhta`[aacutebdha 3

Fmrlaidugraveh nj` Laumlndul[aacutebdha 13

Jspdrdtdslm jh a dtjratura

[aacutebdha 37

frac12Ejsotildes jra laumlndul=[aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 1bull Jndidugraveh Eu`dm 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Jspdrdtdslm imlm fi`msmfigravea nj vdna

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm57bull Jndidugravehacrd`31gtbull [rjidm59

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm52bull JndidugravehMitucrj 319bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

ms Ijhtrms jspdrdtdstas njcjh sjr`a iaacutetjnra nj` Jspigraverdtu nj Vjrnan

QZAuml JY J JY[DSD^DYLM=

DH^SMNZIIDUgraveHA IMHMIDLDJH^M NJ LZHNM DHVDYDCJ

[MS AY LAHDFJY^AIDMHJY NJ MY JY[IgraveSD^ZY

Imhtdjhj j` rjsuljh nj ms prdhidpdms nj a nmitrdha jspdrdtdsta y as rjs-pujstas a as prdhidpa`js mcejidmhjs

pmr

A``ah - Oarnjiautmr nj` dcrm nj ms jspigraverdtus y nj` dcrm nj ms Ljnduls

JNDIDUgraveH JIMHUgraveLDIA

[rjidm 3 rja`js

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh Jspantildea

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm56bull JndidugravehEu`dm319bull[rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5bull JndidugravehLarzm319bull [rjidm59₠

nj a FJJ

Jspdrdtdslm jh j` luhnm[aacutebdha 37

[rjiursmrjs nj` Jspdrdtdslm[aacutebdha 6

Artgur Imhah Nmy`j[aacutebdha 32

Idjhtigravefiims jspigraverdtas nj`sdb`m WDW [aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a rjvj`aidugraveh jspigraverdtay A``ah Oarnji [aacutebdha 17

a SjvujYpdrdtj [aacutebdha 3

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

a Vdna jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

[sdim`mbigravea jh j` laacutes a``aacute[aacutebdha 1gt

Aacutehbj`js BuarndahjsJspigraverdtus [rm-tjitmrjsFald`darjs y Ydlpaacutetdims

[aacutebdha 32[jrdjspigraverdtu

[aacutebdha 33

ms Yujntildems Jspdrdtua`js[aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐HMYYM ASldquo

Jhtrjvdsta aYahtdaba Hmbujrm [aacutebdha 1

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5gtbull JndidugravehYjptdjlcrj 313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

^rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

a vdna jtjrha[aacutebdha 1

^rahsdidugraveh p`ahjtarda[aacutebdha 37

[`ura`dnan nj luhnms gacdtanms[aacutebdha 39

Jvm`uidugraveh gdstugraverdia nj` pjhsaldjh-tm jspdrdtua` [aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Jhtrjvdsta

Cdmbrafigravea

a Larigravea nj `aBraida nj Jh-

njr [aacutebdha 12

aumlmh Njhds[aacutebdha 7

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm59bull JndidugravehLarzm313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

[jtdidugraveh nj hotildeljrms ahtjrdmrjs5

H 1 rsquo 1 Antildems nj` ‐dcrm nj`ms Laumlndulsldquo

H 3 rsquo Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna

H 9 rsquo rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

H gt rsquo a Vdna jh j` luhnmjspdrdtua`

H rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

H 6 rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslmjh Jspantildea

H 2 rsquo J` Ijhtrm Jspdrdta

H 7 rsquo J` Jspdrdtdslm imlmfi`msmfigravea nj vdna

pjndnmsrjvdstafjjKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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DHFMSLAIDUgraveH T SJYJSVAY5

YJISJ^ASIgraveA AumlIHDIAMSBAHDUA

IMHFJSJHIDAY

T YJLDHASDMY

bull J` Luhnm Dhvdsdc`j

bull Sjbrjsm a `a vdna jspdrdtua`

bull J` laacutes a``aacute nj` sudidna

bull a lotildesdia jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

jqud`dcrdm para j` a`la

bull Jspigraverdtus y su gdstmrda jh `a gulahd-

nan

bull ^jrapda nj` almr

bull Imluhdiaidugraveh imh `ms jspigraverdtus5

ldtms y vjrnanjs

bull Njsvj`ahnm `m dhvdsdc`j (prujcas idjhtigrave-

fiias fi`msugravefiias j gdstugraverdias)

I d ` n d d dc`

a partdidpaidugraveh a jstj jvjhtm jstaacute acdjrta a tmnas aquj``as pjrsmhas dhtjrjsanas

IMHFJSJHIDAH^JY

Ndva`nm [ Frahim - A`frjnm A`mhsm nj `a Fujhtj - A`frjnm

^acujntildea - Vditmr Suahm - Iar`ms Ialpjttd - Euah Ldbuj`

Fjrhaacutehnjz - Eahaigraveha Ldhj``d - Iarljh Iarnmha - Ldbuj`

Vjra - M`ba Mrtdz

6 2 y 7 Ndidjlcrj 31gt

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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17 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull AZ^MLA^DYLM T [JSDJY[IgraveSD^Z

jspjida`dzahnmldquo surbdjhnm pau`atdhaljhtj iana vjz laacuteshigravetdna y njfihdna jsa jstruitura astra` dhtjrljndarda jh- trj j` luhnm dhvdsdc`j y j` luhnm latjrda` quj ld`jhdmsnjspuaumls jh `a uhdnan JspigraverdtuYjr gulahm sj imhsm`dnaimlm j` pjrdjspigraverdtu

T tmnm j``m sdjlprj ga sdnm a casj nj jxpjrdjhidasjsfujrzms sairdfiidms y aprjhndzaejs anqudrdnms nurahtjld`jhms nj prujcas nj ‐sufrdldjhtmldquo nj jhtrjhaldjhtmnj rjpjtdidmhjs y nj laacutes rjpjtdidmhjs irjahnm imh j`pasm nj` tdjlpm uha sjrdj nj autmlatdslms cdm`ugravebdims

nj njfjhsa nj supjrvdvjhida y nj dhluhdnan quj sjnd-ljhtarmh jh j` iujrpm astra` nj` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj

J` prmijsm jvm`utdvm pmr tahtm hm ga sdnm sugrave`m uhpasm nj uhas fmrlas a mtras Js luigm laacutes5 sdbhdfiia uhigravehtdlm pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm nj fuhidmhjs psigravequdias y nj asimrrjspmhndjhtjs jstruituras astra`jsfigravesdias quj pjrld- tjh jxprjsar`as njsnj `as laacutes sdlp`js fmrlas a `ms mr-bahdslms laacutes imlp`jems nmhnj `as faiu`tanjs rundljh- tardas sj njsjhvm`vdjrmh suijsdvaljhtj aituahnm smcrjjsa jstruitura jxtrafigravesdia lmndfiiaacutehnm`a y njeahnm jhj``a jh iana pasm y jh iana jtapa ms trazms y sjntildea`js nj`prmbrjsm rja`dzanm

Imh j` trahsiursm nj` tdjlpm y `a rjpjtdidugraveh nj `asjxpjrdjhidas j` jspigraverdtu anqudjrj aprjhndzaejs jh tmnm ynj tmnm jh `as vdidsdtunjs nj sus `uigas imhstahtjs pmrprmbrjsar jh `ms pmrljhmrjs nj `as jxpjrdjhidas suij-sdvas y jh tmnas `as aitdtunjs quj a fujrza nj vdvdr`asuha y mtra vjz njspuaumls nj ‐tahtm jhtrjhaldjhtmldquo `asdhimrpmra jh su dhtdldnan imhvdrtdjhnm `ms lmvdldjhtmsy jsfujrzms quj jh uh prdhidpdm rjsu`tacah ‐pjhmsmsldquo y‐vm`uhtardmsldquo jh faacuteid`js dhimhsidjhtjs y ljiaacutehdims paraljemr y laacutes raacutepdnaljhtj njfjhnjrsj nj `as anvjrsdna-njs nj` ljndm y smcrjvdvdr jh `a `uiga pmr `a hjijsdnan

jhradzaacutehnmsj tmnm j``m imlm autmlatdslms jh `ms jh-brahaejs nj `a fisdm`mbigravea ahigraveldia js njidr jh j` iujrpmastra`

Iana vjz quj j` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj tjhigravea quj jej-iutar uha aiidugraveh m uha sjrdj nj lmvdldjhtms pmr prd-ljra vjz njcigravea gaijr`m ‐nj lahjra vm`uhtardaldquo js njidrrjqudrdjhnm nj uh jsfujrzm imhsidjhtj para pmnjr rja`d-zar`m A casj nj rjpjtdr jsms lmvdldjhtms y aiidmhjs jhhuljrmsas miasdmhjs sj fujrmh irjahnm uha sjrdj njasmidaidmhjs ndhaacuteldias y jstac`js jh j` iujrpm astra` qujsj aitdvah nj lahjra autmlaacutetdia jh iuahtm sj prjidsa njj``m a` vdvdr `as ldslas sdtuaidmhjs y jxpjrdjhidas tahtasvjijs ya vdvdnas ahtjrdmrljhtj

Nj jstj lmnm `jjlms jh j` iap gt nj Jvm`uidugraveh jhnms luhnms quj laquoj` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj p`aslugrave jh suprmpdm vjgigraveiu`m nj jxtjrdmrdzaidugraveh `as imhqudstas qujfuhnaljhtah su irjidldjhtm faiu`tahnm imh j` trahsiur-sm nj` tdjlpm j` autmlatdslm fisdm`ugravebdim pmr j` iua` sdhhdhbotildeh mcstaacuteiu`m jejiuta tmnms `ms aitms prdlardms nj`a lahutjhidugraveh prjsjrvaidugraveh y rjhmvaidugraveh nj su prmpdavdnaiquest Jstj autmlatdslm prjsjhtj jh `as fuhidmhjs fisdm-`ugravebdias js j` rjsu`tanm nj `a sula nj jxpjrdjhidas nj`prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj jh su iujrpm astra` a travaumls nj `mssdb`ms Asigrave pujs fmrlanm nurahtj ld`js nj antildems jh `ms ta``jrjs nj `a hatura`jza j` pjrdjspigraverdtu gjrjnugrave j` autm-

latdslm pjrlahjhtj quj `m lahtdjhj aituahtj braidas

a `m iua` j` sjr gulahm hm hjijsdta prmbralarsj m pjh-sar para rjspdrar nmrldr prmlmvjr fjhugraveljhms ndbjstdvmsjxirjtar jti

A`botildeh nigravea ``jbaraacute jh quj talcdaumlh j`sjr gulahm imhqudstaraacute j dhtjrdmrdzaraacuteaitdtunjs nj almr para jxtjrdmrdzar`assdh jsfujrzm a`buhmhellip njspuaumls nj tahtmsjrrmrjs y rjitdfiiaidmhjs `m garaacute imlm uhautmlatdslm laacutes

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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14AZ^MLA^DYLM T [JSDJY[IgraveSD^Z bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

Js njidr quj j` sjr gulahm pmr su pjrdjspigraverdtu jspmsjjnmr pmr asigrave njidr`m nj uha ‐ljlmrda cdm`ugravebdialdquo(ahatugraveldia y fisdm`ugravebdia) quj sj ga dnm imhstruyjhnmpaidjhtjljhtj jh tmna `a asijhsdugraveh nj` prdhidpdm jspd-rdtua` pmr `a jsia`a zmm`ugravebdia nj `a vdna mrbaacutehdia jh `aquj jh jsa jstruitura jxtrafigravesdia dhnjfihdna rundljhtarday almrfa jh `ms sjrjs dhdida`js y quj jh j` sjr gulahmsj imhsm`dna imlm j` pjrdjspigraverdtu sj gah fieanm tmnms`ms rjiursms cjhjfiidms ljiahdslms y `jyjs nj jsa vdnamrbaacutehdia nj supjrvdvjhida y nj anaptaidugraveh y quj gmy sj

jhiujhtrah pjrfjitaljhtj jstruituranms y njfihdnms jhj` sjr gulahm y braidas a `m iua` tmnms hmsmtrms jejiu- talms nj fmrla hatura` y imlp`jtaljhtj autmlaacutetdia tmnms `ms aitms prdlardms y caacutesdims nj` fuhidmhaldjhtmfisdm`ugravebdim nj hujstrm mrbahdslm y uh sdhfigraveh nj fuhidmhjsquj hms pasah njsapjridcdnas

Nj lahjra quj j` iujrpm figravesdim mcjnjij a jsmsautmlatdslms pjrdjspdrdtua`js dhi`usm iuahnm j` jqudpmJspigraverdtupjrdjspigraverdtu sj jlahidpa parida`ljhtj nj auml` quj-nahnm uhdnm tah sugrave`m pmr a`buhms `azms ffiuigravendims sufi-idjhtjs para prjsjrvar `as fuhidmhjs cdm`ugravebdias sdh hdhbotildehpjreudidm Jh j` [`ah Ndvdhm nj a jvm`uidugraveh jra hjijsardm

quj j` jspigraverdtu pasasj prdljrm pmr tmna uha sjrdj njjxpjrdjhidas caacutesdias a fih nj dr fieahnm jh su jhvm`turajxtrafigravesdia `as `jyjs quj ndrdbjh `a vdna mrbaacutehdia para jh- trjbarsj njspuaumls a `ms tracaems prmpdms nj pjrfjiidmha-ldjhtm lmra` j dhtj`jitua` quj sj dhdidah jh j` Jspigraverdtusjr gulahm

Zha vjz ya p`jhaljhtj imhqudstana jsa jtapa dhdida`a`botildeh nigravea `jbaraacute sdh nuna jh quj talcdaumlh j` sjr gulahmimhqudstaraacute j dhtjrdmrdzaraacute aitdtunjs nj almr para jxtj-rdmrdzar`as sdh jsfujrzm a`buhm [mrquj talcdaumlh a casjnj jhtrjhm aprjhndzaejs y jxpjrdjhidas fmrlaraacuteh partj

nj su dhtdldnan jspdrdtua` hm hjijsdtahnm jsfmrzarsj paraalar pmrquj njspuaumls nj tahtms jrrmrjs y rjitdfiiaidmhjs`m garaacute imlm uh autmlatdslm laacutes

Hmta5

Yj `ala pjrdjspigraverdtu a` vjgigraveiu`m dhtjrljndardm jh-

trj j` Jspigraverdtu y j` iujrpm figravesdim a partdr nj `a jspjidj

gulaha Ahtjs jh `ms rjdhms dhfjrdmrjs jsj iujrpm dh-

tjrljndardm `m gj hmlcranm imlm iujrpm jstruitura

astra` jhvm`tura jxtrafigravesdia vjgigraveiu`m dhtjrljndardm Nj`

ldslm lmnm j` Jspigraverdtu (dhndvdnua`dnan imh imhidjhida

prmpda) jlpdjza su trayjitmrda a partdr talcdaumlh nj `a

fasj gulaha Jsj psdqudslm ahtjs nj `a jtapa gulaha

`m gj hmlcranm imlm jspigraverdtu (imh ldhotildesiu`a) m prdh-

idpdm dhtj`dbjhtj

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY=

Ga sdnm prjsdnjhtj nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a nurahtj 1gtantildems Aitua`ljhtj js ldjlcrm nj `a Euhta ndrjitdva nj `a Fjj yvmia` nj `a Imldsdugraveh nj `a Jndtmra Fmrla partj nj `a ImldsdugravehJejiutdva nj` Imhsjem Jspigraverdta Dhtjrhaidmha` y js immrndhanmr nj `aImldsdugraveh nj Fmrlaidugraveh jh j` IJD Ya`vanmr Lartigraveh

frac12^DJHJH ALAMY AHDLAJY=

Jstj js j` tigravetu`m nj uhm nj `ms `dcrms nj JrhjstmCmzzahm imh 19 iasms quj `m njlujstrah (Jh uhhotildeljrm pmstjrdmr nj `a Sjvdsta gac`arjlms nj a`buhmsnj jsms iasms imdhidndjhnm imh `a prugravexdla jndidugraveh njjstj `dcrm jh iastj``ahm)

Ndem jugraveh Njhds5 laquoJ` a`la nujrlj jh j` ldhjra`sujntildea jh j` vjbjta` sj lujvj jh j` ahdla` y njspdjrta jhj` gmlcrjiquest J` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj prdhidpdm nj` Jspigraverdtuimldjhza su imhtaitm imh `a latjrda jh j` ldhjra` Asigravejh j` rjdhm ldhjra` j` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj rjffijearigraveasu prjsjhida jh `as lahdfjstaidmhjs nj `as fujrzas njatraiidugraveh y imgjsdugraveh imh quj `as lm`aumliu`as sj abrupahJh j` rjdhm vjbjta` lmstrarigravea laymrjs anqudsdidmhjs pmrj` fjhugraveljhm nj sjhsdcd`dnan ij`u`ar Jh j` rjdhm ahdla`j` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj sularigravea hujvas anqudsdidmhjsrjffijeanas jh `ms dhstdhtms Jh j` rjdhm gmldha` tmnmjsj iauna` nj jxpjrdjhidas jstarigravea jhsahiganm pmr `mshujvms `astrjs nj `a imhidjhidaidugraveh quj trajh imhsdbmj` razmhaldjhtm `a afjitdvdnan a rjspmhsacd`dnan y mtras tahtas imhndidmhjs quj iaraitjrdzah jsta fasj J` prdhidpdmdhtj`dbjhtj pasa asigrave pmr ms ndfjrjhtjs rjdhms jh j` ldhjra`

(atraiidugraveh) jh j` vjbjta` (sjhsaidugraveh) y jh j` ahdla`(dhstdhtm) gasta ``jbar a sjr Jspigraverdtu jh j` rjdhm gmldha`(razugraveh)

frac12Jspigraverdtus nj ahdla`js= frac12ms ahdla`js tdjhjh jspigraverdtu=

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Latjrda y jspigraverdtu imhstdtuyjh `ms nms j`jljhtmsbjhjra`js nj` uhdvjrsm jstahnm arrdca Ndms j` IrjanmrJsas trjs imsas imhstdtuyjh j` prdhidpdm nj iuahtm jxdstj`a rdhdnan Zhdvjrsa` (J 1-32) Jh `a Irjaidugraveh tmnmprmvdjhj nj` prdhidpdm latjrda`5 `a latjrda `ms ffiudnmsjti y nj` prdhidpdm jspdrdtua`5 `ms jspigraverdtus y `ms prdhidpdmsdhtj`dbjhtjs quj `j ahtjijnjh Jh vardas mpmrtuhdnanjsOarnji iujstdmha a `ms jspigraverdtus imh rjspjitm a jsm Asigrave`js prjbuhta (J 1-6gt) sd j` prdhidpdm vdta` fmrlarigravea uh tjrijr j`jljhtm anjlaacutes nj` jspigraverdtu y nj `a latjrda a`quj `ms jspigraverdtus rjspmhnjh hjbatdvaljhtj dhfmrlahnmquj jsj prdhidpdm tdjhj su fujhtj jh `as lmndfiiaidmhjsnj a latjrda uhdvjrsa` alcdaumlh js nj Oarnji (J 1-24) `adhnabaidugraveh5 laquo[ujstm quj nms j`jljhtms bjhjra`js gay jhZhdvjrsm5 j` j`jljhtm dhtj`dbjhtj y j` latjrda` frac12sj pmnrigraveaafirlar quj `ms Jspigraverdtus jstaacuteh fmrlanms nj` j`jljhtmdhtj`dbjhtj asigrave imlm `ms iujrpms dhjrtjs sj ga``ahdhtjbranms pmr j` j`jljhtm latjrda`=iquest T `a rjspujsta js

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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31frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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jsiapa a` ahaacute`dsds imlm tmnm iuahtm ndlaha nj` Acsm`utmIrjana pmr almr irjana para alar tah dhsdbhdfiiahtj qujpujnj sjr jhijrrana jh uha fmrla imcarnj y fraacutebd` tahbrahnj quj imh uh dlpu`sm nj su pjhsaldjhtm acariaj` Dhfihdtm j` a`la js uha partigraveiu`a nj `a jsjhida ndvdhaprmyjitana a` luhnm latjrda` Njsnj `a gmra jh qujiayugrave jh `a latjrda gjlms imhtjlp`anm j` ialdhm qujsdbudugrave para rjlmhtar gasta j` puhtm aitua` nj su iarrjra[rjidsugrave pasar pmr vigraveas msiuras rjvjstdr fmrlas ahdlarmrbahdslms quj njeaca a` sa`dr nj iana jxdstjhida imlmsj gaij imh uh vjstuardm dhotildetd` ^mnms jstms iujrpms njiarhj pjrjidjrmh j` smp`m nj `ms njstdhms `js ndspjrsugrave`as ijhdzas Las j` a`la pjrsdstj y pjrlahjij jh supjrpjtudnan prmsdbuj su lariga asijhnjhtj rjimrrj asdhhuljrac`js jstaidmhjs nj su vdaej y sj ndrdbj gaida uhfih brahnj y apjtjidc`j uh fih quj js `a pjrfjiidugraveh J`a`la imhtdjhj jh jstanm vdrtua` tmnms `ms baumlrljhjs njsu njsarrm``m futurm Jstaacute njstdhana a imhmijr anqudrdr ypmsjjr tmnm [ara rja`dzar sus fihjs tdjhj quj rjimrrjr jhj` tdjlpm y j` jspaidm uh ialpm sdh `igraveldtjs

J` mcejtdvm nj a jvm`uidugraveh a razugraveh nj sjr nj a vdnahm js `a fj`didnan tjrrjstrj imlm luigms jrrugravehjaljhtjirjjh y sigrave j` pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm nj iana uhm nj hmsmtrmsT jsj pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm njcjlms rja`dzar`m pmr ljndmnj` tracaem nj` jsfujrzm nj tmnas `as a`tjrhatdvas nj `aa`jbrigravea y nj` nm`mr gasta quj hms gayalms njsarrm``anmimlp`jtaljhtj y j`jvanm a` jstanm ij`jstj J` nm`mrfigravesdim y lmra` fmrla hujstra jxpjrdjhida a sacdnurigravea jsj` prjldm [mim a pmim j` a`la sj j`jva y imhfmrlj vasucdjhnm jh j``a sj va aiulu`ahnm uha sula sdjlprjirjidjhtj nj sacjr y vdr tun sj sdjhtj laacutes jstrjigaljhtjuhdna a sus sjljeahtjs sj imluhdia laacutes igravehtdlaljhtjimh su ljndm smida` y p`ahjtardm J`jvaacutehnmsj iana vjz laacuteshm tarna jh uhdrsj pmr `azms pueahtjs a as smidjnanjs nj`Jspaidm y njspuaumls a` Yjr Zhdvjrsa`

Asigrave `a vdna nj` sjr imhsidjhtj js uha vdna njsm`dnardnan y `dcjrtan dcrj njhtrm nj `ms `igraveldtjs quj `j

sjntildea`ah `as `jyjs jtjrhas sj imhstdtuyj jh arqudtjitm njsu njstdhm Yu anj`ahtaldjhtm js mcra suya Hdhbuhafata`dnan `m mprdlj sa`vm `a nj sus prmpdms aitms iuyasimhsjiujhidas rjiajh jh auml` las hm pujnj njsarrm``arsjy ljnrar sdhm jh a vdna im`jitdva imh j` rjiursm nj ianauhm y jh prmvjigm nj tmnms Iuahtm laacutes sucj tahtmlaacutes sj sdjhtj vdvdr y sufrdr jh tmnms y pmr tmnms Jh `ahjijsdnan nj j`jvarsj a sigrave ldslm atraj a sigrave para gaijr`ms``jbar a` jstanm jspdrdtua` a tmnms ms sjrjs gulahms qujpujc`ah `ms luhnms nmhnj vdvdjra Qudjrj gaijr pmrj``ms `m quj pmr auml` gdidjrah sus gjrlahms laacutes vdjems `msbrahnjs Jspigraverdtus quj `m budarah jh su lariga

a latjrda js j` mcstaacuteiu`m otildetd` prmvmia j` jsfujrzmy njsarrm``a `a vm`uhtan imhtrdcuyj para `a asijhsdugraveh nj`ms sjrjs dlpmhdaumlhnm`js hjijsdnanjs quj `ms mc`dbah

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY=

a tracaear frac12Iugravelm sdh j` nm`mr gacrigravealms nj imhmijr`a a`jbrigravea sdh `a smlcra aprjidar `a `uz sdh `a prdvaidugravehsacmrjar j` cdjh anqudrdnm a satdsfaiidugraveh a`iahzana= Aquigravejstaacute `a razugraveh nj` pmr quauml jhimhtralms ndfiiu`tanjs nj tmna sujrtj jh hmsmtrms y a hujstrm a`rjnjnmr

Js `a `jy nj` jsfujrzm `jy suprjla pmr `a iua` j` sjrsj afirla trduhfa y sj njsarrm``a js `a labhigravefiia jpmpjyanj `a Gdstmrda `a `uiga jxtjrdmr quj ``jha j` luhnm a`uiga dhfjrdmr hm js ljhms imhlmvjnmra Iana vjz qujrjhaij tjhnraacute j` Jspigraverdtu quj aimlmnar anjiuar j` hujvmjhvm`tmrdm latjrda` quj `j va a sjrvdr nj lmrana y gaijrnj auml` uh dhstruljhtm iapaz nj tranuidr nj jxprjsar `asimhijpidmhjs nj su bjhdm A pjsar nj as njijpidmhjs nj`as njrrmtas a travaumls nj as jxdstjhidas rjhmvanas j` a`laimhsdbuj njsarrm``ar sus j`jvanas faiu`tanjs

Gay jh hmsmtrms uha smrna aspdraidugraveh uha igravehtdlajhjrbigravea ldstjrdmsa quj hms jhialdha gaida as a`turas qujhms gaij tjhnjr gaida njstdhms iana vjz laacutes j`jvanmsquj hms dlpj`j gaida m Cj``m y gaida j` Cdjh Js a jy nj`prmbrjsm a jvm`uidugraveh jtjrha quj buigravea a `a Gulahdnan a travaumls nj `as jnanjs y abudemhja a iana uhm nj hmsmtrmspmrquj jh `a Gulahdnan smh `as ldslas a`las quj njsdb`m jh sdb`m vuj`vjh para prmsjbudr imh `a ayuna njhujvms iujrpms prjparaacutehnmsj para luhnms ljemrjs jhsu mcra nj pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm

a `jy nj` prmbrjsm hm sj ap`dia sm`aljhtj a`gmlcrj js uhdvjrsa` Gay jh tmnms `ms rjdhms nj `aHatura`jza uha jvm`uidugraveh quj fuj rjimhmidna pmr `mspjhsanmrjs nj tmnms `ms tdjlpms Njsnj `a iauml`u`a vjrnjnjsnj j` jlcrdugraveh jrrahtj cmyahnm a ffimr nj `as abuas`a ianjha nj `as jspjidjs sj ga njsarrm``anm a travaumls njsjrdjs vardanas gasta hmsmtrms

Iana js`acugraveh nj jsa ianjha rjprjsjhta uha fmrlanj `a jxdstjhida quj imhnuij a uha fmrla supjrdmr a uhmrbahdslm laacutes r dim laacutes cdjh anaptanm a as hjijsdnanjsa `as lahdfjstaidmhjs irjidjhtjs nj `a vdna Las jh `a

jsia`a nj `a jvm`uidugraveh j` pjhsaldjhtm `a imhidjhida y`a `dcjrtan sugrave`m aparjijh pasanms luigms branms Jh `ap`ahta `a dhtj`dbjhida nmrldta jh j` ahdla` sujntildea sugrave`mjh j` gmlcrj njspdjrta sj imhmij sj pmsjj y sj vuj`vj

imhsidjhtj a partdr nj agigrave j` prmbrjsm nj a`buha sujrtjfata` jh `as fmrlas dhfjrdmrjs nj `a Hatura`jza sugrave`m sjpujnj rja`dzar pmr j` aiujrnm nj a vm`uhtan gulaha imh`as `jyjs Jtjrhas

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a jvm`uidugraveh nj `ms luhnms y nj `as a`las jsrjbdna pmr `a Vm`uhtan Ndvdha quj pjhjtra y ndrdbj tmna`a Hatura`jza Las `a jvm`uidugraveh figravesdia js uha sdlp`jprjparaidugraveh para `a jvm`uidugraveh psigravequdia y `a asijhsdugraveh nj`as a`las prmsdbuj luigm laacutes a``aacute nj `a ianjha nj `msluhnms latjrda`js Hujstrm B`mcm js imlm uha arjhanmhnj sj tracah cata``as dhijsahtjs Jh su prmndbdmsafjiuhndnan bjhjra hujvms sjrjs las `ujbm `a lujrtjsdjba jh sus fi`as ijrranas Jsa `uiga gmrrjhna a prdljravdsta js hjijsarda para j` njsarrm``m nj` prdhidpdm nj vdnanura gasta j` nigravea jh quj uh raym nj dhtj`dbjhida vdjhj ad`uldhar `as imhidjhidas anmrljidnas Js jh `a `uiga quj`a vm`uhtan sj pjrfjiidmha y afirla js nj` nm`mr quj haij`a sjhsdcd`dnan

Jljrbjr branm a branm nj` acdslm nj `a vdna para tmrharsj Jspigraverdtu bjhdm supjrdmr y jstm pmr sus prmpdmslaumlrdtms y jsfujrzms imhqudstar j` futurm gmra a gmra dr`dcjraacutehnmsj nigravea a nigravea uh pmim laacutes nj `a bahba nj `aspasdmhjs `dcjrarsj nj `as subjstdmhjs nj` jbmigraveslm nj

`a pjrjza nj` njsaacutehdlm rjsiatarsj pmim a pmim nj susffiaqujzas nj su dbhmrahida ayunahnm a sus sjljeahtjs arjsiatarsj a su vjz arrastrahnm tmnm j` ljndm gulahm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

gaida uh jstanm supjrdmr ta` js j` papj` ndstrdcudnm aiana a`la

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^a` js j` iaraacuteitjr imlp`jem nj` sjr gulahm5 jspigraverdtufujrza y latjrda jh qudjh sj rjsuljh tmnms ms j`jljhtmsimhstdtutdvms tmnas `as pmtjhidas nj` Zhdvjrsm ^mnm `mquj jstaacute jh hmsmtrms jstaacute jh j` Zhdvjrsm y tmnm `m qujjstaacute jh j` Zhdvjrsm sj jhiujhtra jh hmsmtrms [mr j`iujrpm ffiuigravendim y pmr j` iujrpm latjrda` j` gmlcrj jstaacuteuhdnm a `a dhljhsa jstruitura nj `a vdna uhdvjrsa` pmr j`a`la a tmnms `ms luhnms dhvdsdc`js y ndvdhms ^jhjlmsjh hmsmtrms j` dhstdhtm nj `a ahdla`dnan laacutes m ljhmsimlprdldnm pmr j` `arbm tracaem pmr `as prujcas nj `asjxdstjhidas pasanas y tjhjlms talcdaumlh `a irdsaacute`dna nj`aacutehbj` nj` sjr randahtj y purm quj pmnjlms vjhdr a sjrpmr a dlpu`sdugraveh lmra` pmr as aspdraidmhjs nj` imrazugraveh ypmr j` sairdfiidm imhstahtj nj` ‐ymldquo ^mialms imh `ms pdjs

`as prmfuhndnanjs smlcrigraveas nj` acdslm y imh a frjhtj as

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Ahabrala 34LMMNT S Imldhb Caio HT5 Cahtal Cmmos 1441

^jhjlms jh hmsmtrms j` dhstdhtm nj `aahdla`dnan laacutes m ljhms imlprdldnm

pmr j` `arbm tracaem pmr `as prujcas nj `asjxdstjhidas pasanas y tjhjlms talcdaumlh `a

irdsaacute`dna nj` aacutehbj` nj` sjr randahtj y purm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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36 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM

J` 3gt nj euhdm nj 14gt9 fuj para `a idunan nj Baumlhmva(Dta`da) uh nigravea jldhjhtjljhtj trdstj Zhm nj sus laacutesiauml`jcrjs dhvjstdbanmrjs psigravequdims partigravea gaida j` mtrm `anmnj a vdna a ms 71 antildems nj jnan njspuaumls nj gacjr njeanmjsirdtm para `a gdstmrda laacutes nj sjsjhta mcras y idjhtms njartigraveiu`ms casanms jh sus dhvjstdbaidmhjs

Jrhjstm Cmzzahm gacigravea haidnm jh `a ldsla idunanquj `j vdm lmrdr j` 4 nj jhjrm nj 1763 Yu fald`dajimhugraveldialjhtj aimlmnana `m rjidcdugrave euhtm imh mtrmsiuatrm gjrlahms laacutes mcsjrvahnm iugravelm sj njstaiacajh auml` uh almr apasdmhahtj pmr j` aprjhndzaej ^a` jra asigravequj a `ms iuatrm antildems suejtahnm imh sus pjqujntildeas lahmsuh vm`uldhmsm y ldstjrdmsm tmlm smcrj `a `dtjraturabjhmvjsa dhsdstigravea a su lanrj para quj j jhsjntildeara a `jjr`m

[asa j` tdjlpm y Cmzzahm js a`jhtanm a jstundar jhuha jsiuj`a taumlihdia pjrm a `ms iatmrij antildems tras luigas`aacutebrdlas js mc`dbanm pmr su panrj a acahnmhar`a Jstmfmrta`jidugrave su pjrsmha`dnan ya quj a partdr nj jhtmhijs suljta fuj anqudrdr imlm `jy uha brah iu`tura njspjrtahnmluigigravesdlm dhtjraumls pmr `ms brahnjs i`aacutesdims dta`dahms a`dtjratura fuj su prdljra vmiaidugraveh y tras imhvjrtdrsj jhuh autmndnaita js iapaz nj `jjr jh dhb`aumls `as mcras nj `ms

pmjtas ^gmlas Lmmrj [jriy Cyssgj Ygj``jy Emgh Ld`tmh yRd``dal Ygaojspjarj

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CDMBSAFIgraveA5JSHJY^M CMUUAHM

Ndvu`banmr jspigraverdta artdiu`dsta y imhfjrjhidahtj [artdidpa jhprmbralas nj randm y tj`jvdsdugraveh nj tjlaacutetdia jspdrdtua` Js prjsdnjhtjnj `a Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj Lanrdn Euah Ldbuj` Fjrhaacutehnjz

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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32CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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37 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA

DHY^DH^M JDH^JDBJHIDA

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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34DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull LJ^JL[YDIMYDY T SJJHIASHAIDUgraveH

LJ^JL[YDIMYDY T SJJHIASHAIDUgraveH

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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93 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

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Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKsjajspdrdtaiml

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^j`f5 +9gt 61 66 477

bull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms JspigraverdtasCjzjrra nj Ljhjzjs

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^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 436 11 296

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ialdhm nj uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 Ahtdbua Iarrjtjra nj Lanrdn 3

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211bull [a`la nj La``mria (DYAY CAJASJY)

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3713 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwjspdrdtaslanrdniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtaslanrdnKtj`jfmhdiahjt

Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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99Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta Frahidsim nj Asigraves nj`a Ydjrra

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Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 f rahidsimnjasdsnj`asdjrraKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 627 16 441

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Jhtrj j` Idj`m y `a djrraNdrjiidugraveh5 Avna nj Lanrdn 34 `mia` 3767 bull Yah Lartigraveh nj Va`njdb`jsdas (LANSDN)

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Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mab`dmKarraodsjs ^j`f5 +9gt 627 662 319 rsquo +9gt 627 662 313

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ljhsaejrms nj `a uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lanjra 1 - Caem

37gt bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwitvjsZYJSYijlj`gmljgtl

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijlj`lanrdnKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 9gt 41 976 3 77 rsquo 9gt 41 91gt 7 17bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms y Ndvu`baidugraveh

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^j`f5 9gt 41 37 gt 71 rsquo +9gt 672 446 79

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundm Jspigraverdta jugraveh NjhdsNdrjiidugraveh5 Cmhjtjrm 9 ljtrm [dm WDD 3716 bull Lanrdn

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^j`f5 +9gt 664 96 14

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bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas ‐YdhFrmhtjrasldquo

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Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijjsdhfrmhtjrasKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta

Abjhna Irdstdaha - JNDIJD gt ₠

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Iartd``a nj` Cdjh - JNDIJD 6 ₠

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Jspdrdtdslm y Jim`mbigravea - JNDIJD 7 ₠

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Mcrjrms nj `a Vdna Jtjrha - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[ah Hujstrm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[jhsaldjhtm y Vdna - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Sj`dbdugraveh nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 177 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐ms Gdems nj` Ayjrldquo

[aacutebdha 37

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 3bull Jndidugraveh Mitucrj 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

1 antildems nj J` `dcrm nj `ms laumlnduls

Jhtrjvdsta a` LaumlndulNdva`nm Frahim

Ljndulhdnan nj jfjitms figravesdims[aacutebdha 1gt

^rahsimluhdiaidugraveh dhstruljhta`[aacutebdha 3

Fmrlaidugraveh nj` Laumlndul[aacutebdha 13

Jspdrdtdslm jh a dtjratura

[aacutebdha 37

frac12Ejsotildes jra laumlndul=[aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 1bull Jndidugraveh Eu`dm 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Jspdrdtdslm imlm fi`msmfigravea nj vdna

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm57bull Jndidugravehacrd`31gtbull [rjidm59

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm52bull JndidugravehMitucrj 319bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

ms Ijhtrms jspdrdtdstas njcjh sjr`a iaacutetjnra nj` Jspigraverdtu nj Vjrnan

QZAuml JY J JY[DSD^DYLM=

DH^SMNZIIDUgraveHA IMHMIDLDJH^M NJ LZHNM DHVDYDCJ

[MS AY LAHDFJY^AIDMHJY NJ MY JY[IgraveSD^ZY

Imhtdjhj j` rjsuljh nj ms prdhidpdms nj a nmitrdha jspdrdtdsta y as rjs-pujstas a as prdhidpa`js mcejidmhjs

pmr

A``ah - Oarnjiautmr nj` dcrm nj ms jspigraverdtus y nj` dcrm nj ms Ljnduls

JNDIDUgraveH JIMHUgraveLDIA

[rjidm 3 rja`js

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh Jspantildea

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm56bull JndidugravehEu`dm319bull[rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5bull JndidugravehLarzm319bull [rjidm59₠

nj a FJJ

Jspdrdtdslm jh j` luhnm[aacutebdha 37

[rjiursmrjs nj` Jspdrdtdslm[aacutebdha 6

Artgur Imhah Nmy`j[aacutebdha 32

Idjhtigravefiims jspigraverdtas nj`sdb`m WDW [aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a rjvj`aidugraveh jspigraverdtay A``ah Oarnji [aacutebdha 17

a SjvujYpdrdtj [aacutebdha 3

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

a Vdna jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

[sdim`mbigravea jh j` laacutes a``aacute[aacutebdha 1gt

Aacutehbj`js BuarndahjsJspigraverdtus [rm-tjitmrjsFald`darjs y Ydlpaacutetdims

[aacutebdha 32[jrdjspigraverdtu

[aacutebdha 33

ms Yujntildems Jspdrdtua`js[aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐HMYYM ASldquo

Jhtrjvdsta aYahtdaba Hmbujrm [aacutebdha 1

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5gtbull JndidugravehYjptdjlcrj 313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

^rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

a vdna jtjrha[aacutebdha 1

^rahsdidugraveh p`ahjtarda[aacutebdha 37

[`ura`dnan nj luhnms gacdtanms[aacutebdha 39

Jvm`uidugraveh gdstugraverdia nj` pjhsaldjh-tm jspdrdtua` [aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Jhtrjvdsta

Cdmbrafigravea

a Larigravea nj `aBraida nj Jh-

njr [aacutebdha 12

aumlmh Njhds[aacutebdha 7

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm59bull JndidugravehLarzm313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

[jtdidugraveh nj hotildeljrms ahtjrdmrjs5

H 1 rsquo 1 Antildems nj` ‐dcrm nj`ms Laumlndulsldquo

H 3 rsquo Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna

H 9 rsquo rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

H gt rsquo a Vdna jh j` luhnmjspdrdtua`

H rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

H 6 rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslmjh Jspantildea

H 2 rsquo J` Ijhtrm Jspdrdta

H 7 rsquo J` Jspdrdtdslm imlmfi`msmfigravea nj vdna

pjndnmsrjvdstafjjKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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DHFMSLAIDUgraveH T SJYJSVAY5

YJISJ^ASIgraveA AumlIHDIAMSBAHDUA

IMHFJSJHIDAY

T YJLDHASDMY

bull J` Luhnm Dhvdsdc`j

bull Sjbrjsm a `a vdna jspdrdtua`

bull J` laacutes a``aacute nj` sudidna

bull a lotildesdia jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

jqud`dcrdm para j` a`la

bull Jspigraverdtus y su gdstmrda jh `a gulahd-

nan

bull ^jrapda nj` almr

bull Imluhdiaidugraveh imh `ms jspigraverdtus5

ldtms y vjrnanjs

bull Njsvj`ahnm `m dhvdsdc`j (prujcas idjhtigrave-

fiias fi`msugravefiias j gdstugraverdias)

I d ` n d d dc`

a partdidpaidugraveh a jstj jvjhtm jstaacute acdjrta a tmnas aquj``as pjrsmhas dhtjrjsanas

IMHFJSJHIDAH^JY

Ndva`nm [ Frahim - A`frjnm A`mhsm nj `a Fujhtj - A`frjnm

^acujntildea - Vditmr Suahm - Iar`ms Ialpjttd - Euah Ldbuj`

Fjrhaacutehnjz - Eahaigraveha Ldhj``d - Iarljh Iarnmha - Ldbuj`

Vjra - M`ba Mrtdz

6 2 y 7 Ndidjlcrj 31gt

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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14AZ^MLA^DYLM T [JSDJY[IgraveSD^Z bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

Js njidr quj j` sjr gulahm pmr su pjrdjspigraverdtu jspmsjjnmr pmr asigrave njidr`m nj uha ‐ljlmrda cdm`ugravebdialdquo(ahatugraveldia y fisdm`ugravebdia) quj sj ga dnm imhstruyjhnmpaidjhtjljhtj jh tmna `a asijhsdugraveh nj` prdhidpdm jspd-rdtua` pmr `a jsia`a zmm`ugravebdia nj `a vdna mrbaacutehdia jh `aquj jh jsa jstruitura jxtrafigravesdia dhnjfihdna rundljhtarday almrfa jh `ms sjrjs dhdida`js y quj jh j` sjr gulahmsj imhsm`dna imlm j` pjrdjspigraverdtu sj gah fieanm tmnms`ms rjiursms cjhjfiidms ljiahdslms y `jyjs nj jsa vdnamrbaacutehdia nj supjrvdvjhida y nj anaptaidugraveh y quj gmy sj

jhiujhtrah pjrfjitaljhtj jstruituranms y njfihdnms jhj` sjr gulahm y braidas a `m iua` tmnms hmsmtrms jejiu- talms nj fmrla hatura` y imlp`jtaljhtj autmlaacutetdia tmnms `ms aitms prdlardms y caacutesdims nj` fuhidmhaldjhtmfisdm`ugravebdim nj hujstrm mrbahdslm y uh sdhfigraveh nj fuhidmhjsquj hms pasah njsapjridcdnas

Nj lahjra quj j` iujrpm figravesdim mcjnjij a jsmsautmlatdslms pjrdjspdrdtua`js dhi`usm iuahnm j` jqudpmJspigraverdtupjrdjspigraverdtu sj jlahidpa parida`ljhtj nj auml` quj-nahnm uhdnm tah sugrave`m pmr a`buhms `azms ffiuigravendims sufi-idjhtjs para prjsjrvar `as fuhidmhjs cdm`ugravebdias sdh hdhbotildehpjreudidm Jh j` [`ah Ndvdhm nj a jvm`uidugraveh jra hjijsardm

quj j` jspigraverdtu pasasj prdljrm pmr tmna uha sjrdj njjxpjrdjhidas caacutesdias a fih nj dr fieahnm jh su jhvm`turajxtrafigravesdia `as `jyjs quj ndrdbjh `a vdna mrbaacutehdia para jh- trjbarsj njspuaumls a `ms tracaems prmpdms nj pjrfjiidmha-ldjhtm lmra` j dhtj`jitua` quj sj dhdidah jh j` Jspigraverdtusjr gulahm

Zha vjz ya p`jhaljhtj imhqudstana jsa jtapa dhdida`a`botildeh nigravea `jbaraacute sdh nuna jh quj talcdaumlh j` sjr gulahmimhqudstaraacute j dhtjrdmrdzaraacute aitdtunjs nj almr para jxtj-rdmrdzar`as sdh jsfujrzm a`buhm [mrquj talcdaumlh a casjnj jhtrjhm aprjhndzaejs y jxpjrdjhidas fmrlaraacuteh partj

nj su dhtdldnan jspdrdtua` hm hjijsdtahnm jsfmrzarsj paraalar pmrquj njspuaumls nj tahtms jrrmrjs y rjitdfiiaidmhjs`m garaacute imlm uh autmlatdslm laacutes

Hmta5

Yj `ala pjrdjspigraverdtu a` vjgigraveiu`m dhtjrljndardm jh-

trj j` Jspigraverdtu y j` iujrpm figravesdim a partdr nj `a jspjidj

gulaha Ahtjs jh `ms rjdhms dhfjrdmrjs jsj iujrpm dh-

tjrljndardm `m gj hmlcranm imlm iujrpm jstruitura

astra` jhvm`tura jxtrafigravesdia vjgigraveiu`m dhtjrljndardm Nj`

ldslm lmnm j` Jspigraverdtu (dhndvdnua`dnan imh imhidjhida

prmpda) jlpdjza su trayjitmrda a partdr talcdaumlh nj `a

fasj gulaha Jsj psdqudslm ahtjs nj `a jtapa gulaha

`m gj hmlcranm imlm jspigraverdtu (imh ldhotildesiu`a) m prdh-

idpdm dhtj`dbjhtj

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY=

Ga sdnm prjsdnjhtj nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a nurahtj 1gtantildems Aitua`ljhtj js ldjlcrm nj `a Euhta ndrjitdva nj `a Fjj yvmia` nj `a Imldsdugraveh nj `a Jndtmra Fmrla partj nj `a ImldsdugravehJejiutdva nj` Imhsjem Jspigraverdta Dhtjrhaidmha` y js immrndhanmr nj `aImldsdugraveh nj Fmrlaidugraveh jh j` IJD Ya`vanmr Lartigraveh

frac12^DJHJH ALAMY AHDLAJY=

Jstj js j` tigravetu`m nj uhm nj `ms `dcrms nj JrhjstmCmzzahm imh 19 iasms quj `m njlujstrah (Jh uhhotildeljrm pmstjrdmr nj `a Sjvdsta gac`arjlms nj a`buhmsnj jsms iasms imdhidndjhnm imh `a prugravexdla jndidugraveh njjstj `dcrm jh iastj``ahm)

Ndem jugraveh Njhds5 laquoJ` a`la nujrlj jh j` ldhjra`sujntildea jh j` vjbjta` sj lujvj jh j` ahdla` y njspdjrta jhj` gmlcrjiquest J` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj prdhidpdm nj` Jspigraverdtuimldjhza su imhtaitm imh `a latjrda jh j` ldhjra` Asigravejh j` rjdhm ldhjra` j` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj rjffijearigraveasu prjsjhida jh `as lahdfjstaidmhjs nj `as fujrzas njatraiidugraveh y imgjsdugraveh imh quj `as lm`aumliu`as sj abrupahJh j` rjdhm vjbjta` lmstrarigravea laymrjs anqudsdidmhjs pmrj` fjhugraveljhm nj sjhsdcd`dnan ij`u`ar Jh j` rjdhm ahdla`j` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj sularigravea hujvas anqudsdidmhjsrjffijeanas jh `ms dhstdhtms Jh j` rjdhm gmldha` tmnmjsj iauna` nj jxpjrdjhidas jstarigravea jhsahiganm pmr `mshujvms `astrjs nj `a imhidjhidaidugraveh quj trajh imhsdbmj` razmhaldjhtm `a afjitdvdnan a rjspmhsacd`dnan y mtras tahtas imhndidmhjs quj iaraitjrdzah jsta fasj J` prdhidpdmdhtj`dbjhtj pasa asigrave pmr ms ndfjrjhtjs rjdhms jh j` ldhjra`

(atraiidugraveh) jh j` vjbjta` (sjhsaidugraveh) y jh j` ahdla`(dhstdhtm) gasta ``jbar a sjr Jspigraverdtu jh j` rjdhm gmldha`(razugraveh)

frac12Jspigraverdtus nj ahdla`js= frac12ms ahdla`js tdjhjh jspigraverdtu=

J 425 laquo[ujstm quj `ms ahdla`js pmsjjh uhadhtj`dbjhida quj `js imhfijrj idjrta `dcjrtan nj aiidugravehfrac12Jxdstj jh j``ms uh prdhidpdm dhnjpjhndjhtj nj a latjrda=iquest

Sjspujsta5 laquoYigrave y quj smcrjvdvj a` iujrpmiquest

Zh prdhidpdm dhnjpjhndjhtj nj `a latjrda y qujsmcrjvdvj a` iujrpm

J 66 hms prjsjhta `a dhnabaidugraveh iruida`5 laquofrac12adhtj`dbjhida gulaha y `a nj `ms ahdla`js jlahah nj uhprdhidpdm otildehdim=iquest

Sjspujsta5 laquoYdh `ubar a nunas pjrm jh j` gmlcrjga rjidcdnm uha j`acmraidugraveh quj `a j`jva pmr jhidla nj`a nj` ahdla`iquest

Latjrda y jspigraverdtu imhstdtuyjh `ms nms j`jljhtmsbjhjra`js nj` uhdvjrsm jstahnm arrdca Ndms j` IrjanmrJsas trjs imsas imhstdtuyjh j` prdhidpdm nj iuahtm jxdstj`a rdhdnan Zhdvjrsa` (J 1-32) Jh `a Irjaidugraveh tmnmprmvdjhj nj` prdhidpdm latjrda`5 `a latjrda `ms ffiudnmsjti y nj` prdhidpdm jspdrdtua`5 `ms jspigraverdtus y `ms prdhidpdmsdhtj`dbjhtjs quj `j ahtjijnjh Jh vardas mpmrtuhdnanjsOarnji iujstdmha a `ms jspigraverdtus imh rjspjitm a jsm Asigrave`js prjbuhta (J 1-6gt) sd j` prdhidpdm vdta` fmrlarigravea uh tjrijr j`jljhtm anjlaacutes nj` jspigraverdtu y nj `a latjrda a`quj `ms jspigraverdtus rjspmhnjh hjbatdvaljhtj dhfmrlahnmquj jsj prdhidpdm tdjhj su fujhtj jh `as lmndfiiaidmhjsnj a latjrda uhdvjrsa` alcdaumlh js nj Oarnji (J 1-24) `adhnabaidugraveh5 laquo[ujstm quj nms j`jljhtms bjhjra`js gay jhZhdvjrsm5 j` j`jljhtm dhtj`dbjhtj y j` latjrda` frac12sj pmnrigraveaafirlar quj `ms Jspigraverdtus jstaacuteh fmrlanms nj` j`jljhtmdhtj`dbjhtj asigrave imlm `ms iujrpms dhjrtjs sj ga``ahdhtjbranms pmr j` j`jljhtm latjrda`=iquest T `a rjspujsta js

afirlatdvaA prdhidpdms nj `ms antildems 7 `ms idjhtigravefiims Emh Ag`qudst

y Igar`js Ydcy njsiucrdjrmh quj j` iugravendbm bjhaumltdim nj`ms sjrjs gulahms y nj `ms igdlpahiaumls tdjhj j` 47gt njdnjhtdnan Jh mtras pa`acras ndfjrdlms bjhaumltdialjhtj nj `msigdlpahiaumls jh tah sugrave`m j` 16 nj hujstras iaraitjrigravestdias

J 62A5 laquo[arjij jhtmhijs quj frac12j` a`la gacrigraveasdnm j` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj nj `ms sjrjs dhfjrdmrjs nj `airjaidugraveh=iquest

Sjspujsta5 laquofrac12Hm gjlms ndigm ya quj jh a Hatura`jza tmnm sj jhianjha y tdjhnj a `a uhdnan= Js jh jsms sjrjs a

`ms quj jstaacuteds `jems nj imhmijr jh su tmta`dnan nmhnj j`prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj sj j`acmra dhndvdnua`dzaacutehnmsj pmim apmim y sj jhsaya para `a vdna imhfmrlj gjlms afirlanm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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31frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

ahtjs Yj trata jh idjr tm lmnm nj uha tarja prjparatmrdaimlm `a nj `a bjrldhaidugraveh a imhsjiujhida nj `a iua` j`prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj jxpjrdljhta uha trahsfmrlaidugraveh ysj imhvdjrtj jh Jspigraverdtu Jhtmhijs imldjhza para auml` j`pjrdmnm nj gulahdnan ()iquest Jsa rjspujsta hm pujnj sjrlaacutes imhi`uyjhtj

J 645 laquoJ` Jspigraverdtu uha vjz quj ga jhtranm jhj` pjrigravemnm nj gulahdnan frac12imhsjrva vjstdbdms nj `mquj ahtjs jra js njidr vjstdbdms nj` jstanm jh qujsj jhimhtraca nurahtj j` pjrigravemnm quj pundaumlralmsnjhmldhar prjgulahm=iquest

Sjspujsta5 laquoJsm njpjhnj nj a ndstahida quj sjpara

`ms nms pjrigravemnms y nj` prmbrjsm rja`dzanm Nurahtja`buhas bjhjraidmhjs auml` pujnj tjhjr uh rjffijem laacutes mljhms prmhuhidanm nj su jstanm prdldtdvm pmrquj hanajh `a Hatura`jza sj gaij pmr trahsdidugraveh crusia ()iquest

Jhimhtralms iasms dhtjrjsahtjs a jstj rjspjitmpmr jejlp`m j` nj Saylmhn Lmmny j` falmsm autmr nj

Vdna njspuaumls nj `a Vdna quj nurahtj antildems hm aijptugrave `arjjhiarhaidugraveh hd irjigravea jh jsm nj `as rjbrjsdmhjs gastaquj rdhndaumlhnmsj a `a dhsdstjhida nj uha psdqudatra aldbasuya aijptugrave sjr smljtdnm a uha rjbrjsdugraveh T fiha`ljhtjhm fuj uha sdhm luigas sjsdmhjs jh `as quj ``jbugrave a vjrsjjh vardas jhiarhaidmhjs ahtjrdmrjs rjsu`tahnm quj jh `alaacutes `jeaha nj jsas rjbrjsdmhjs sj vjigravea sucdnm a uh aacutercm`sj vjigravea a sigrave ldslm imlm uh sdldm mnas jstas rjbrjsdmhjsnarigraveah `ubar njspuaumls a uh `dcrm nj su autmrigravea rj`atahnm tmnm imh njta``j

Jh j` ijrjcrm hm jxdstj ugraverbahm quj sja prdvatdvmnj` gmlcrj as ndfjrjhidas nj` ahtrmpmdnj y nj` gmlcrjsmh jh j` sucstratm lmrfm`ugravebdim sugrave`m nj hatura`jzaiuahtdtatdva y hm iua`dtatdva J` Gmlm sapdjhs sapdjhs jssm`aljhtj uha jspjidj ahdla` otildehdia Hana gay jh j``asdhbu`ar -imlm afirla a Ahtrmpm`mbigravea- quj hm pujna sjraha`dzana cdm`ugravebdialjhtj imlm mtra jspjidj iua`qudjraA` imhtrardm nj uha jspjidj sdhbu`ar y supjrdmr j` gmlcrjjs jh rja`dnan sugrave`m uha jspjidj laacutes Js njidr Igar`jsNarwdh sdbuj dlcatdc`j

laquoJ` prdhidpdm jspdrdtua` sj aimbdugrave jh j` sjhm tjlp`anmnj as abuas a travaumls nj ms mrbahdslms ij`u`arjs Nurahtj

ld`js nj antildems gdzm `arbm vdaej jh `a jspmhea pasahnm anmldhar iauml`u`as autugravehmlas dlpmhdaumlhnm`js j` jspigraverdtunj mcjndjhida y nj im`jitdvdnan jh `a mrbahdzaidugravehprdlmrnda` nj `ms lotildesiu`ms Jxpjrdljhtugrave `arbm tdjlpmahtjs nj jhsayar `ms idldjhtms nj` aparatm hjrvdmsm jh`a ljnusa jh j` busahm jh j` catraidm arrastraacutehnmsjpara jljrbjr nj` fmhnm msiurm y fahbmsm nj `as abuas jdhdidar sus prdljras jxpjrdjhidas ahtj j` sm` ljrdndahmiquestMpdhdugraveh nj Ahnrauml udz quj imlm tahtas mtras vjrtdnasgaij laacutes nj antildems vah jhimhtrahnm rjspa`nm jh `aIdjhida

Hm sj gac`a jh j` ljndm idjhtigravefiim nj prdhidpdm

jspdrdtua` pjrm sj gac`a nj vdna T a dnja jh jfjitm js jsaquj `as prdljras lahdfjstaidmhjs nj vdna jh j` p`ahjtasurbdjrmh jh `ms ‐larjs tjlp`anmsldquo jxprjsaacutehnmsj jhj` prmtmp`asla uh bj` fmrlanm nj latjrda mrbaacutehdialaquoNj jsa pasta iugravesldia vdjrtj j` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtjjh sus prdljras lahdfjstaidmhjsiquest rjfijrj Ahnrauml udz jhJvm`uidugraveh jh Nms Luhnms

[jrdjspigraverdtu

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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a jvm`uidugraveh nj `ms luhnms y nj `as a`las jsrjbdna pmr `a Vm`uhtan Ndvdha quj pjhjtra y ndrdbj tmna`a Hatura`jza Las `a jvm`uidugraveh figravesdia js uha sdlp`jprjparaidugraveh para `a jvm`uidugraveh psigravequdia y `a asijhsdugraveh nj`as a`las prmsdbuj luigm laacutes a``aacute nj `a ianjha nj `msluhnms latjrda`js Hujstrm B`mcm js imlm uha arjhanmhnj sj tracah cata``as dhijsahtjs Jh su prmndbdmsafjiuhndnan bjhjra hujvms sjrjs las `ujbm `a lujrtjsdjba jh sus fi`as ijrranas Jsa `uiga gmrrjhna a prdljravdsta js hjijsarda para j` njsarrm``m nj` prdhidpdm nj vdnanura gasta j` nigravea jh quj uh raym nj dhtj`dbjhida vdjhj ad`uldhar `as imhidjhidas anmrljidnas Js jh `a `uiga quj`a vm`uhtan sj pjrfjiidmha y afirla js nj` nm`mr quj haij`a sjhsdcd`dnan

Jljrbjr branm a branm nj` acdslm nj `a vdna para tmrharsj Jspigraverdtu bjhdm supjrdmr y jstm pmr sus prmpdmslaumlrdtms y jsfujrzms imhqudstar j` futurm gmra a gmra dr`dcjraacutehnmsj nigravea a nigravea uh pmim laacutes nj `a bahba nj `aspasdmhjs `dcjrarsj nj `as subjstdmhjs nj` jbmigraveslm nj

`a pjrjza nj` njsaacutehdlm rjsiatarsj pmim a pmim nj susffiaqujzas nj su dbhmrahida ayunahnm a sus sjljeahtjs arjsiatarsj a su vjz arrastrahnm tmnm j` ljndm gulahm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

gaida uh jstanm supjrdmr ta` js j` papj` ndstrdcudnm aiana a`la

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irdsaacute`dna nj` aacutehbj` nj` sjr randahtj y purm

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36 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM

J` 3gt nj euhdm nj 14gt9 fuj para `a idunan nj Baumlhmva(Dta`da) uh nigravea jldhjhtjljhtj trdstj Zhm nj sus laacutesiauml`jcrjs dhvjstdbanmrjs psigravequdims partigravea gaida j` mtrm `anmnj a vdna a ms 71 antildems nj jnan njspuaumls nj gacjr njeanmjsirdtm para `a gdstmrda laacutes nj sjsjhta mcras y idjhtms njartigraveiu`ms casanms jh sus dhvjstdbaidmhjs

Jrhjstm Cmzzahm gacigravea haidnm jh `a ldsla idunanquj `j vdm lmrdr j` 4 nj jhjrm nj 1763 Yu fald`dajimhugraveldialjhtj aimlmnana `m rjidcdugrave euhtm imh mtrmsiuatrm gjrlahms laacutes mcsjrvahnm iugravelm sj njstaiacajh auml` uh almr apasdmhahtj pmr j` aprjhndzaej ^a` jra asigravequj a `ms iuatrm antildems suejtahnm imh sus pjqujntildeas lahmsuh vm`uldhmsm y ldstjrdmsm tmlm smcrj `a `dtjraturabjhmvjsa dhsdstigravea a su lanrj para quj j jhsjntildeara a `jjr`m

[asa j` tdjlpm y Cmzzahm js a`jhtanm a jstundar jhuha jsiuj`a taumlihdia pjrm a `ms iatmrij antildems tras luigas`aacutebrdlas js mc`dbanm pmr su panrj a acahnmhar`a Jstmfmrta`jidugrave su pjrsmha`dnan ya quj a partdr nj jhtmhijs suljta fuj anqudrdr imlm `jy uha brah iu`tura njspjrtahnmluigigravesdlm dhtjraumls pmr `ms brahnjs i`aacutesdims dta`dahms a`dtjratura fuj su prdljra vmiaidugraveh y tras imhvjrtdrsj jhuh autmndnaita js iapaz nj `jjr jh dhb`aumls `as mcras nj `ms

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Ydh jlcarbm j` jstundm nj` sdstjla nj` brah fi`ugravesmfmdhb`js Gjrcjrt Ypjhijr `j njspdjrta y nurahtj nms antildemssj njndia a ahmtar y i`asdfiiar sus imhijptms pmr j` brahimhtjhdnm fi`msugravefiim quj njsiucrj jh auml` sdjhnm su igravenm`m ynjeahnm uha dhffiujhida luy lariana jh Cmzzahm

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CDMBSAFIgraveA5JSHJY^M CMUUAHM

Ndvu`banmr jspigraverdta artdiu`dsta y imhfjrjhidahtj [artdidpa jhprmbralas nj randm y tj`jvdsdugraveh nj tjlaacutetdia jspdrdtua` Js prjsdnjhtjnj `a Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj Lanrdn Euah Ldbuj` Fjrhaacutehnjz

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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32CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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tmta`ljhtj dhaiijsdcj a `as hujvas dnjas m laacutes cdjh a `mshujvms aitms pmrquj `ms gjigms rja`ljhtj njiigraveah qujjrah idjhtigravefiims y rdburmsaljhtj nmiuljhtanms auhqujym hm jra iapaz nj asdld`ar`msiquest

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Jrhjstm Cmzzahm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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37 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA

DHY^DH^M JDH^JDBJHIDA

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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34DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull LJ^JL[YDIMYDY T SJJHIASHAIDUgraveH

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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91LJ^JL[YDIMYDY T SJJHIASHAIDUgraveH bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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93 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

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Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5jstundmsjspdrdtasdbua`anaKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 497 9 gt1 rsquo +9gt 64 1 3gt6

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ala`da Nmldhbm Ym`jr Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Vjhtura [`aea 1 - caems Ljtrm - Cana` 737 Carij`mhaRjc5 wwwijansoarnjijs Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijansKmhmiml ^j`f5 +9gt 66 913 672

Idunan Sja`bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Almr Fratjrhm Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Fjrrmiarrd` 22 196 bull A`iaacutezar nj Yah Euah (IDZNAN SJA)

Rjc5 wwwijalmrfratjrhmjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijhtrmjspdrdtaalmrfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 436 11 296

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ialdhm nj uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 Ahtdbua Iarrjtjra nj Lanrdn 3

193 bull Lahzaharjs (IDZNAN SJA)Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsijialdhmnj`uz Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijialdhmnj`uzKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 436 63 372 rsquo +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ejsotildes nj Hazarjt Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ymiuj``alms 2 192 bull mlj``msm (IDZNAN SJA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 larda`udsa436Kgmtlad`iml

^j`f +9gt 64 62 29

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Yah Iar`ms nj` Va``jNdrjiidugraveh5 I Salugraveh y Iaea` 12 193gt2 bull Yah Iar`ms nj` Va``j (IDZNAN SJA)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsajsiva

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijsva``jKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 436 69 7

Iugravernmcabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Almr y [rmbrjsmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Emsauml Mrtjba y Bassjt 4 1gt bull Lmhtd``a (IUgraveSNMCA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 almryprmbrjsmKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 42 6gt 921 rsquo +9gt 616 13 gt3

bull Fratjrhdnan Jspigraverdta Emsauml BrmssmNdrjiidugraveh5 IAhtmhdm Laura 3 9micro N

1gt bull IugravernmcaImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 fratjrhdnanemsjbrmssmKblad`iml

Rjc5 wwwimrnmcajspdrdtajs ^j`f5 9gt 42 396 gt39 rsquo 9gt 42 73

Ds`as Ca`jarjsbull Ijhtrm Jspdrdta Jllahuj`Ndrjiidugraveh5 mlaacutes Abud`ugrave Fmrtjza 93 211bull [a`la nj La``mria (DYAY CAJASJY)

Rjc5 wwwijhtrmjspdrdtajllahuj`ndvu`baidmhmrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijhtrmjspdrdtajllahuj`Kgmtlad`iml

j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 421 376 174 rsquo +9gt 694 316 gtgt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ds`as Ca`jarjs (IJDC)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a ^rmcana gt7 a-c

211bull [a`la nj La``mria (DYAY CAJASJY)

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijdcKijdcjs

Rjc5 wwwijdcjs

^j`f5 +9gt 62 47 7gt

aumlrdnabull Assmidaidugrave Jspigraverdta Mtus d Haumlral (AJMH)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Bjrlaha Ljriccedil Yahtaiaha 19 39 bull eumlrrjba (AumlSDNA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mtusdhjralKblad`iml

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsmtusdhjral ^j`f5 9gt 429 911 324

Lanrdnbull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj LanrdnNdrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a Cm`sa 1gt - 1micro niga

3713 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwjspdrdtaslanrdniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtaslanrdnKtj`jfmhdiahjt

Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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99Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta Frahidsim nj Asigraves nj`a Ydjrra

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a Iantildeana Sja` 33 1micro C37gt Im``anm Vd``a`ca (LANSDN)

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 f rahidsimnjasdsnj`asdjrraKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 627 16 441

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Jhtrj j` Idj`m y `a djrraNdrjiidugraveh5 Avna nj Lanrdn 34 `mia` 3767 bull Yah Lartigraveh nj Va`njdb`jsdas (LANSDN)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsjhtrjj`idj`my`atdjrra

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mab`dmKarraodsjs ^j`f5 +9gt 627 662 319 rsquo +9gt 627 662 313

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ljhsaejrms nj `a uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lanjra 1 - Caem

37gt bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwitvjsZYJSYijlj`gmljgtl

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijlj`lanrdnKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 9gt 41 976 3 77 rsquo 9gt 41 91gt 7 17bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms y Ndvu`baidugraveh

Jspigraverdta (IJTNJ)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lmhtjra 1-13 3ordf [`ahta - Hmicro 9 3719 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwijynjlanrdnmrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5aurmravaziaca``jrmKgmtlad`iml

ijynjlanrdnKyagmmjs

^j`f5 9gt 41 37 gt 71 rsquo +9gt 672 446 79

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundm Jspigraverdta jugraveh NjhdsNdrjiidugraveh5 Cmhjtjrm 9 ljtrm [dm WDD 3716 bull Lanrdn

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 `jmhnjhdsijKblad`imlRjc5 www`jmhnjhdsjs - wwwc`mb`jmhnjhdsjs

Laacute`ababull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas A``ah OarnjiNdrjiidugraveh5 I Gaumlrmjs nj Ymstma 29 J-1micro

343 bull Laacute`abaRjc5 wwwjndtmrajspdrdtaa``ahoarnjijs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 a`cmrahjndtmraKmhmiml

^j`f5 9gt 43 397 67 rsquo +9gt 62 7 32

Luridabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Sjidhtm nj [az Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a [az1 1micro N ([atdntildem) 913 LuridaRjc5 wwwijrjidhtmnjpazjs

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijrjidhtmnjpazKrjidhtmnjpazjs

ldbuj`ldvjbaKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 664 96 14

[mhtjvjnrabull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta [az Arlmhigravea y Iardnan

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Sotildea [jhds 31 - 1micro Niga 9631 bull Vdbm ([MH^JVJNSA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijpazarlmhdalmryiardnanKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 +9gt 61 7gt 136

Yjvd``abull Asmidaidugraveh Ijhtrm nj Jstundms

Jspigraverdtas nj Yjvd``aNdrjiidugraveh5 [rmspjrdnan 9 rdaha gt11 bull Yjvd``a

Rjc5 wwwjspdrdtassjvd``ajsImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 bjhmvjvala``mKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 4gt 379 7 rsquo +9gt 6 gt71 794

bull Brupm Jspigraverdta Hujvm Alahjijr Emahha nj Ahbj`ds

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ndjbm [ujrta 1 Jsi 9gt 2 A gt14 bull Yjvd``aRjc5 wwwhujvmalahjijrjspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtashujvmalahjijrKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 + 9gt 62 44 462 - + 9gt 62 44 46

^arrabmhabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Emahha nj Ahbj`dsNdrjiidugraveh5 [ucd`` Mrdm` 33

gt931 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 422 9gt6 16gt rsquo +9gt 63 gt61 67gt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Lahuj` y Ndva`nmNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Vdjhtm gt93 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)Rjc5 wwwijlyniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ar`dhbbKyagmmjs ^j`f5 +9gt 676 gt4 2gt6

Va`jhida

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Va`jhida Gmbar FratjrhmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Vd``ahujva nj Iastj``ugraveh 33 gt64 bull Va`jhidaRjc5 wwwasjsvamrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 gmbarfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 469 3 46 7

IJH^SMY JY[IgraveSD^AY MHDHJbull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aNdrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat (uhjs Ldaumlrim`js y Eujvjs 33g9)

Rjc5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`jfmhm5 +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas ‐YdhFrmhtjrasldquo

Ndrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat(Nmldhbms 31g)

Rjc5 gttp5ijjsdhfrmhtjrasjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijjsdhfrmhtjrasKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta

Abjhna Irdstdaha - JNDIJD gt ₠

A`cmrana Irdstdaha (Ljndahm) gt ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrDD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

Aacuternua Asijhsdugraveh 13 ₠

Atjhidugraveh (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ialdhm Vjrnan y Vdna - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Iartd``a nj` Cdjh - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Iuahnm Sjbrjsj `a [rdlavjra (Hmrla`) 2 ₠

Iujhtms Jspdrdtdstas 4 ₠

Njsnj a Mtra Vdna gt ₠

Njspdjrtj y Yja Fj`dz - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` A`la js Dhlmrta` 7 ₠

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta 4 ₠

J` Idj`m y j` Dhfijrhm - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Jspigraverdtu nj `a Vjrnan - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` Jvahbj`dm Yjbotildeh j` Jspdrdtdslm -JNDIJD

1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Yjr Yucimhsidjhtj 6 ₠

Jh `m Dhvdsdc`j 7 ₠

Jh `ms Nmldhdms nj `a Ljndulhdnan -JNDIJD

4 ₠

Jhtrj `a djrra y j` Idj`m - JNDIJD 4 ₠Jspdrdtdslm Lmnjrhm OA DJ ODHB - FJJ ₠

Jspdrdtdslm y Jim`mbigravea - JNDIJD 7 ₠

B`msardm Jspigraverdta (Cm`sd``m) 6 ₠

Buigravea [raacuteitdia nj` Jspdrdtdsta - FJJ ₠

Gdphmtdslm y Jspdrdtdslm 7 ₠

Ejsotildes jh j` Gmbar - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Eustdida Ndvdha - JNDIJD 7 ₠

a Baumlhjsds - JNDIJD 1 ₠

a Vdna jh Fald`da gt ₠

dcjraidugraveh - JNDIJD 4 ₠

as Vdnas Yuijsdvas 4 ₠

ms Ljhsaejrms - JNDIJD 7 ₠

ms Lujrtms Ydbujh Vdvdjhnm 6 ₠

Lahms Zhdnas (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljndtaidmhjs (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljlmrdas nj` [anrj Bjrlaacuteh 2 ₠

Ljhsaej nj uh Anm`jsijhtj njsnj j`Luhnm Jspdrdtua` - JNDIJD ₠

Ldsdmhjrms nj `a uz - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Lujrtj js Vdna 6 ₠

Hujstrm Gmbar - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Mcrjrms nj `a Vdna Jtjrha - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[ah Hujstrm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[jhsaldjhtm y Vdna - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Sj`dbdugraveh nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 177 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 174 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Yjntildea` Vjrnj gt ₠

Yjxm y Njstdhm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Ydjlcra nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Yuc`dlj Jxpdaidugraveh - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Vdna Fj`dz - JNDIJD 2 ₠

Lm`njahnm j` ^jrijr Ld`jhdm - Vdna yMcra nj Ndva`nm [ Frahim

1 ₠

Vdna y Yjxm - JNDIJD 6 ₠

T `a Vdna Imhtdhotildeahellip JNDIJD 7 ₠

dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ

Ugraverbahm jndtmrda` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a sdh aacutehdlm nj `uirm quj rjdhvdjrtj jh j` prmpdm

`dcrm jspigraverdta Yj gaijh jhvigravems imhtra rjjlcm`sm Gaba su pjndnm prjfjrdc`jljhtj pmr imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim adhfmKjspdrdtdslmii m pmr tj`aumlfmhm5 636 911 771

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Vdna ahtjs nj `a Vdna

Jhtrjvdsta a Iar`msSmcjrtm Ialpjttd

Jhfjrljnanjs nj` a`la[aacutebdha 1gt

Jvdnjhidas Idjhtigravefiias a favmr nj`a Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna [aacutebdha 3

[`ahjaldjhtm rjjhiarhatmrdm[aacutebdha 13

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐ms Gdems nj` Ayjrldquo

[aacutebdha 37

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 3bull Jndidugraveh Mitucrj 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

1 antildems nj J` `dcrm nj `ms laumlnduls

Jhtrjvdsta a` LaumlndulNdva`nm Frahim

Ljndulhdnan nj jfjitms figravesdims[aacutebdha 1gt

^rahsimluhdiaidugraveh dhstruljhta`[aacutebdha 3

Fmrlaidugraveh nj` Laumlndul[aacutebdha 13

Jspdrdtdslm jh a dtjratura

[aacutebdha 37

frac12Ejsotildes jra laumlndul=[aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 1bull Jndidugraveh Eu`dm 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Jspdrdtdslm imlm fi`msmfigravea nj vdna

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm57bull Jndidugravehacrd`31gtbull [rjidm59

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm52bull JndidugravehMitucrj 319bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

ms Ijhtrms jspdrdtdstas njcjh sjr`a iaacutetjnra nj` Jspigraverdtu nj Vjrnan

QZAuml JY J JY[DSD^DYLM=

DH^SMNZIIDUgraveHA IMHMIDLDJH^M NJ LZHNM DHVDYDCJ

[MS AY LAHDFJY^AIDMHJY NJ MY JY[IgraveSD^ZY

Imhtdjhj j` rjsuljh nj ms prdhidpdms nj a nmitrdha jspdrdtdsta y as rjs-pujstas a as prdhidpa`js mcejidmhjs

pmr

A``ah - Oarnjiautmr nj` dcrm nj ms jspigraverdtus y nj` dcrm nj ms Ljnduls

JNDIDUgraveH JIMHUgraveLDIA

[rjidm 3 rja`js

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh Jspantildea

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm56bull JndidugravehEu`dm319bull[rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5bull JndidugravehLarzm319bull [rjidm59₠

nj a FJJ

Jspdrdtdslm jh j` luhnm[aacutebdha 37

[rjiursmrjs nj` Jspdrdtdslm[aacutebdha 6

Artgur Imhah Nmy`j[aacutebdha 32

Idjhtigravefiims jspigraverdtas nj`sdb`m WDW [aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a rjvj`aidugraveh jspigraverdtay A``ah Oarnji [aacutebdha 17

a SjvujYpdrdtj [aacutebdha 3

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

a Vdna jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

[sdim`mbigravea jh j` laacutes a``aacute[aacutebdha 1gt

Aacutehbj`js BuarndahjsJspigraverdtus [rm-tjitmrjsFald`darjs y Ydlpaacutetdims

[aacutebdha 32[jrdjspigraverdtu

[aacutebdha 33

ms Yujntildems Jspdrdtua`js[aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐HMYYM ASldquo

Jhtrjvdsta aYahtdaba Hmbujrm [aacutebdha 1

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5gtbull JndidugravehYjptdjlcrj 313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

^rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

a vdna jtjrha[aacutebdha 1

^rahsdidugraveh p`ahjtarda[aacutebdha 37

[`ura`dnan nj luhnms gacdtanms[aacutebdha 39

Jvm`uidugraveh gdstugraverdia nj` pjhsaldjh-tm jspdrdtua` [aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Jhtrjvdsta

Cdmbrafigravea

a Larigravea nj `aBraida nj Jh-

njr [aacutebdha 12

aumlmh Njhds[aacutebdha 7

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm59bull JndidugravehLarzm313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

[jtdidugraveh nj hotildeljrms ahtjrdmrjs5

H 1 rsquo 1 Antildems nj` ‐dcrm nj`ms Laumlndulsldquo

H 3 rsquo Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna

H 9 rsquo rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

H gt rsquo a Vdna jh j` luhnmjspdrdtua`

H rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

H 6 rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslmjh Jspantildea

H 2 rsquo J` Ijhtrm Jspdrdta

H 7 rsquo J` Jspdrdtdslm imlmfi`msmfigravea nj vdna

pjndnmsrjvdstafjjKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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DHFMSLAIDUgraveH T SJYJSVAY5

YJISJ^ASIgraveA AumlIHDIAMSBAHDUA

IMHFJSJHIDAY

T YJLDHASDMY

bull J` Luhnm Dhvdsdc`j

bull Sjbrjsm a `a vdna jspdrdtua`

bull J` laacutes a``aacute nj` sudidna

bull a lotildesdia jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

jqud`dcrdm para j` a`la

bull Jspigraverdtus y su gdstmrda jh `a gulahd-

nan

bull ^jrapda nj` almr

bull Imluhdiaidugraveh imh `ms jspigraverdtus5

ldtms y vjrnanjs

bull Njsvj`ahnm `m dhvdsdc`j (prujcas idjhtigrave-

fiias fi`msugravefiias j gdstugraverdias)

I d ` n d d dc`

a partdidpaidugraveh a jstj jvjhtm jstaacute acdjrta a tmnas aquj``as pjrsmhas dhtjrjsanas

IMHFJSJHIDAH^JY

Ndva`nm [ Frahim - A`frjnm A`mhsm nj `a Fujhtj - A`frjnm

^acujntildea - Vditmr Suahm - Iar`ms Ialpjttd - Euah Ldbuj`

Fjrhaacutehnjz - Eahaigraveha Ldhj``d - Iarljh Iarnmha - Ldbuj`

Vjra - M`ba Mrtdz

6 2 y 7 Ndidjlcrj 31gt

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY=

Ga sdnm prjsdnjhtj nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a nurahtj 1gtantildems Aitua`ljhtj js ldjlcrm nj `a Euhta ndrjitdva nj `a Fjj yvmia` nj `a Imldsdugraveh nj `a Jndtmra Fmrla partj nj `a ImldsdugravehJejiutdva nj` Imhsjem Jspigraverdta Dhtjrhaidmha` y js immrndhanmr nj `aImldsdugraveh nj Fmrlaidugraveh jh j` IJD Ya`vanmr Lartigraveh

frac12^DJHJH ALAMY AHDLAJY=

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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31frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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sjntildea`ah `as `jyjs jtjrhas sj imhstdtuyj jh arqudtjitm njsu njstdhm Yu anj`ahtaldjhtm js mcra suya Hdhbuhafata`dnan `m mprdlj sa`vm `a nj sus prmpdms aitms iuyasimhsjiujhidas rjiajh jh auml` las hm pujnj njsarrm``arsjy ljnrar sdhm jh a vdna im`jitdva imh j` rjiursm nj ianauhm y jh prmvjigm nj tmnms Iuahtm laacutes sucj tahtmlaacutes sj sdjhtj vdvdr y sufrdr jh tmnms y pmr tmnms Jh `ahjijsdnan nj j`jvarsj a sigrave ldslm atraj a sigrave para gaijr`ms``jbar a` jstanm jspdrdtua` a tmnms ms sjrjs gulahms qujpujc`ah `ms luhnms nmhnj vdvdjra Qudjrj gaijr pmrj``ms `m quj pmr auml` gdidjrah sus gjrlahms laacutes vdjems `msbrahnjs Jspigraverdtus quj `m budarah jh su lariga

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3gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY=

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Gay jh hmsmtrms uha smrna aspdraidugraveh uha igravehtdlajhjrbigravea ldstjrdmsa quj hms jhialdha gaida as a`turas qujhms gaij tjhnjr gaida njstdhms iana vjz laacutes j`jvanmsquj hms dlpj`j gaida m Cj``m y gaida j` Cdjh Js a jy nj`prmbrjsm a jvm`uidugraveh jtjrha quj buigravea a `a Gulahdnan a travaumls nj `as jnanjs y abudemhja a iana uhm nj hmsmtrmspmrquj jh `a Gulahdnan smh `as ldslas a`las quj njsdb`m jh sdb`m vuj`vjh para prmsjbudr imh `a ayuna njhujvms iujrpms prjparaacutehnmsj para luhnms ljemrjs jhsu mcra nj pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm

a `jy nj` prmbrjsm hm sj ap`dia sm`aljhtj a`gmlcrj js uhdvjrsa` Gay jh tmnms `ms rjdhms nj `aHatura`jza uha jvm`uidugraveh quj fuj rjimhmidna pmr `mspjhsanmrjs nj tmnms `ms tdjlpms Njsnj `a iauml`u`a vjrnjnjsnj j` jlcrdugraveh jrrahtj cmyahnm a ffimr nj `as abuas`a ianjha nj `as jspjidjs sj ga njsarrm``anm a travaumls njsjrdjs vardanas gasta hmsmtrms

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Jljrbjr branm a branm nj` acdslm nj `a vdna para tmrharsj Jspigraverdtu bjhdm supjrdmr y jstm pmr sus prmpdmslaumlrdtms y jsfujrzms imhqudstar j` futurm gmra a gmra dr`dcjraacutehnmsj nigravea a nigravea uh pmim laacutes nj `a bahba nj `aspasdmhjs `dcjrarsj nj `as subjstdmhjs nj` jbmigraveslm nj

`a pjrjza nj` njsaacutehdlm rjsiatarsj pmim a pmim nj susffiaqujzas nj su dbhmrahida ayunahnm a sus sjljeahtjs arjsiatarsj a su vjz arrastrahnm tmnm j` ljndm gulahm

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3frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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irdsaacute`dna nj` aacutehbj` nj` sjr randahtj y purm

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36 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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32CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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37 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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34DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull LJ^JL[YDIMYDY T SJJHIASHAIDUgraveH

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3136

91LJ^JL[YDIMYDY T SJJHIASHAIDUgraveH bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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9 Oarnji A``ah M dvrm nms Jspigraverdtms [rjbuhta 611 Jndidugraveh Mh`dhj FJC3 Oarnji A``ah M dvrm nms Jspigraverdtms [rjbuhta 619 Jndidugraveh Mh`dhj FJC

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3236

93 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

bull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aRjc5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjs

FaijCmmo5 wwwjspdrdtdslmiifaijcmmo

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`f5 +9gt 636 911 771

A`diahtjbull Ymidjnan Jspdrdtdsta A`diahtdhaNdrjiidugraveh5 I Cazaacuteh 3-3micro 91 A`diahtjRjc5 wwwsjajspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKsjajspdrdtaiml

^j`f5 +9gt 676 43 gt1

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta a uz nj` IaldhmNdrjiidugraveh5 Apartanm nj Imrrjms hmicro 122

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999 bull Irjvd``jhtj (ADIAH^J)Rjc5 www`a`uznj`pmrvjhdroarnjijs

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^j`f5 +9gt 61 66 477

bull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms JspigraverdtasCjzjrra nj Ljhjzjs

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91 bull Cjhdnmrl (ADIAH^J)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5ijhtrmjspdrdtacjhdnmrlKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 624 497 42

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bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ala`da Nmldhbm Ym`jr Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Vjhtura [`aea 1 - caems Ljtrm - Cana` 737 Carij`mhaRjc5 wwwijansoarnjijs Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijansKmhmiml ^j`f5 +9gt 66 913 672

Idunan Sja`bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Almr Fratjrhm Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Fjrrmiarrd` 22 196 bull A`iaacutezar nj Yah Euah (IDZNAN SJA)

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^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 436 11 296

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ialdhm nj uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 Ahtdbua Iarrjtjra nj Lanrdn 3

193 bull Lahzaharjs (IDZNAN SJA)Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsijialdhmnj`uz Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijialdhmnj`uzKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 436 63 372 rsquo +9gt 636 911 771

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bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Yah Iar`ms nj` Va``jNdrjiidugraveh5 I Salugraveh y Iaea` 12 193gt2 bull Yah Iar`ms nj` Va``j (IDZNAN SJA)

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j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 421 376 174 rsquo +9gt 694 316 gtgt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ds`as Ca`jarjs (IJDC)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a ^rmcana gt7 a-c

211bull [a`la nj La``mria (DYAY CAJASJY)

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^j`f5 +9gt 62 47 7gt

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Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsmtusdhjral ^j`f5 9gt 429 911 324

Lanrdnbull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj LanrdnNdrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a Cm`sa 1gt - 1micro niga

3713 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwjspdrdtaslanrdniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtaslanrdnKtj`jfmhdiahjt

Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3336

99Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta Frahidsim nj Asigraves nj`a Ydjrra

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a Iantildeana Sja` 33 1micro C37gt Im``anm Vd``a`ca (LANSDN)

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 f rahidsimnjasdsnj`asdjrraKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 627 16 441

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Jhtrj j` Idj`m y `a djrraNdrjiidugraveh5 Avna nj Lanrdn 34 `mia` 3767 bull Yah Lartigraveh nj Va`njdb`jsdas (LANSDN)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsjhtrjj`idj`my`atdjrra

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mab`dmKarraodsjs ^j`f5 +9gt 627 662 319 rsquo +9gt 627 662 313

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ljhsaejrms nj `a uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lanjra 1 - Caem

37gt bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwitvjsZYJSYijlj`gmljgtl

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijlj`lanrdnKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 9gt 41 976 3 77 rsquo 9gt 41 91gt 7 17bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms y Ndvu`baidugraveh

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Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5aurmravaziaca``jrmKgmtlad`iml

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^j`f5 9gt 41 37 gt 71 rsquo +9gt 672 446 79

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundm Jspigraverdta jugraveh NjhdsNdrjiidugraveh5 Cmhjtjrm 9 ljtrm [dm WDD 3716 bull Lanrdn

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Laacute`ababull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas A``ah OarnjiNdrjiidugraveh5 I Gaumlrmjs nj Ymstma 29 J-1micro

343 bull Laacute`abaRjc5 wwwjndtmrajspdrdtaa``ahoarnjijs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 a`cmrahjndtmraKmhmiml

^j`f5 9gt 43 397 67 rsquo +9gt 62 7 32

Luridabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Sjidhtm nj [az Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a [az1 1micro N ([atdntildem) 913 LuridaRjc5 wwwijrjidhtmnjpazjs

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijrjidhtmnjpazKrjidhtmnjpazjs

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^j`f5 +9gt 664 96 14

[mhtjvjnrabull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta [az Arlmhigravea y Iardnan

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bull Brupm Jspigraverdta Hujvm Alahjijr Emahha nj Ahbj`ds

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Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtashujvmalahjijrKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 + 9gt 62 44 462 - + 9gt 62 44 46

^arrabmhabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Emahha nj Ahbj`dsNdrjiidugraveh5 [ucd`` Mrdm` 33

gt931 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 422 9gt6 16gt rsquo +9gt 63 gt61 67gt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Lahuj` y Ndva`nmNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Vdjhtm gt93 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)Rjc5 wwwijlyniml

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Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`jfmhm5 +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas ‐YdhFrmhtjrasldquo

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Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijjsdhfrmhtjrasKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta

Abjhna Irdstdaha - JNDIJD gt ₠

A`cmrana Irdstdaha (Ljndahm) gt ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrDD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

Aacuternua Asijhsdugraveh 13 ₠

Atjhidugraveh (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ialdhm Vjrnan y Vdna - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Iartd``a nj` Cdjh - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Iuahnm Sjbrjsj `a [rdlavjra (Hmrla`) 2 ₠

Iujhtms Jspdrdtdstas 4 ₠

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J` A`la js Dhlmrta` 7 ₠

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta 4 ₠

J` Idj`m y j` Dhfijrhm - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Jspigraverdtu nj `a Vjrnan - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` Jvahbj`dm Yjbotildeh j` Jspdrdtdslm -JNDIJD

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J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Yjr Yucimhsidjhtj 6 ₠

Jh `m Dhvdsdc`j 7 ₠

Jh `ms Nmldhdms nj `a Ljndulhdnan -JNDIJD

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Jspdrdtdslm y Jim`mbigravea - JNDIJD 7 ₠

B`msardm Jspigraverdta (Cm`sd``m) 6 ₠

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Gdphmtdslm y Jspdrdtdslm 7 ₠

Ejsotildes jh j` Gmbar - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Eustdida Ndvdha - JNDIJD 7 ₠

a Baumlhjsds - JNDIJD 1 ₠

a Vdna jh Fald`da gt ₠

dcjraidugraveh - JNDIJD 4 ₠

as Vdnas Yuijsdvas 4 ₠

ms Ljhsaejrms - JNDIJD 7 ₠

ms Lujrtms Ydbujh Vdvdjhnm 6 ₠

Lahms Zhdnas (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljndtaidmhjs (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljlmrdas nj` [anrj Bjrlaacuteh 2 ₠

Ljhsaej nj uh Anm`jsijhtj njsnj j`Luhnm Jspdrdtua` - JNDIJD ₠

Ldsdmhjrms nj `a uz - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Lujrtj js Vdna 6 ₠

Hujstrm Gmbar - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Mcrjrms nj `a Vdna Jtjrha - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[ah Hujstrm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[jhsaldjhtm y Vdna - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Sj`dbdugraveh nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 177 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 174 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Yjntildea` Vjrnj gt ₠

Yjxm y Njstdhm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Ydjlcra nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Yuc`dlj Jxpdaidugraveh - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Vdna Fj`dz - JNDIJD 2 ₠

Lm`njahnm j` ^jrijr Ld`jhdm - Vdna yMcra nj Ndva`nm [ Frahim

1 ₠

Vdna y Yjxm - JNDIJD 6 ₠

T `a Vdna Imhtdhotildeahellip JNDIJD 7 ₠

dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ

Ugraverbahm jndtmrda` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a sdh aacutehdlm nj `uirm quj rjdhvdjrtj jh j` prmpdm

`dcrm jspigraverdta Yj gaijh jhvigravems imhtra rjjlcm`sm Gaba su pjndnm prjfjrdc`jljhtj pmr imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim adhfmKjspdrdtdslmii m pmr tj`aumlfmhm5 636 911 771

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Vdna ahtjs nj `a Vdna

Jhtrjvdsta a Iar`msSmcjrtm Ialpjttd

Jhfjrljnanjs nj` a`la[aacutebdha 1gt

Jvdnjhidas Idjhtigravefiias a favmr nj`a Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna [aacutebdha 3

[`ahjaldjhtm rjjhiarhatmrdm[aacutebdha 13

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐ms Gdems nj` Ayjrldquo

[aacutebdha 37

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 3bull Jndidugraveh Mitucrj 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

1 antildems nj J` `dcrm nj `ms laumlnduls

Jhtrjvdsta a` LaumlndulNdva`nm Frahim

Ljndulhdnan nj jfjitms figravesdims[aacutebdha 1gt

^rahsimluhdiaidugraveh dhstruljhta`[aacutebdha 3

Fmrlaidugraveh nj` Laumlndul[aacutebdha 13

Jspdrdtdslm jh a dtjratura

[aacutebdha 37

frac12Ejsotildes jra laumlndul=[aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 1bull Jndidugraveh Eu`dm 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Jspdrdtdslm imlm fi`msmfigravea nj vdna

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm57bull Jndidugravehacrd`31gtbull [rjidm59

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm52bull JndidugravehMitucrj 319bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

ms Ijhtrms jspdrdtdstas njcjh sjr`a iaacutetjnra nj` Jspigraverdtu nj Vjrnan

QZAuml JY J JY[DSD^DYLM=

DH^SMNZIIDUgraveHA IMHMIDLDJH^M NJ LZHNM DHVDYDCJ

[MS AY LAHDFJY^AIDMHJY NJ MY JY[IgraveSD^ZY

Imhtdjhj j` rjsuljh nj ms prdhidpdms nj a nmitrdha jspdrdtdsta y as rjs-pujstas a as prdhidpa`js mcejidmhjs

pmr

A``ah - Oarnjiautmr nj` dcrm nj ms jspigraverdtus y nj` dcrm nj ms Ljnduls

JNDIDUgraveH JIMHUgraveLDIA

[rjidm 3 rja`js

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh Jspantildea

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm56bull JndidugravehEu`dm319bull[rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5bull JndidugravehLarzm319bull [rjidm59₠

nj a FJJ

Jspdrdtdslm jh j` luhnm[aacutebdha 37

[rjiursmrjs nj` Jspdrdtdslm[aacutebdha 6

Artgur Imhah Nmy`j[aacutebdha 32

Idjhtigravefiims jspigraverdtas nj`sdb`m WDW [aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a rjvj`aidugraveh jspigraverdtay A``ah Oarnji [aacutebdha 17

a SjvujYpdrdtj [aacutebdha 3

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

a Vdna jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

[sdim`mbigravea jh j` laacutes a``aacute[aacutebdha 1gt

Aacutehbj`js BuarndahjsJspigraverdtus [rm-tjitmrjsFald`darjs y Ydlpaacutetdims

[aacutebdha 32[jrdjspigraverdtu

[aacutebdha 33

ms Yujntildems Jspdrdtua`js[aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐HMYYM ASldquo

Jhtrjvdsta aYahtdaba Hmbujrm [aacutebdha 1

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5gtbull JndidugravehYjptdjlcrj 313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

^rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

a vdna jtjrha[aacutebdha 1

^rahsdidugraveh p`ahjtarda[aacutebdha 37

[`ura`dnan nj luhnms gacdtanms[aacutebdha 39

Jvm`uidugraveh gdstugraverdia nj` pjhsaldjh-tm jspdrdtua` [aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Jhtrjvdsta

Cdmbrafigravea

a Larigravea nj `aBraida nj Jh-

njr [aacutebdha 12

aumlmh Njhds[aacutebdha 7

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm59bull JndidugravehLarzm313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

[jtdidugraveh nj hotildeljrms ahtjrdmrjs5

H 1 rsquo 1 Antildems nj` ‐dcrm nj`ms Laumlndulsldquo

H 3 rsquo Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna

H 9 rsquo rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

H gt rsquo a Vdna jh j` luhnmjspdrdtua`

H rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

H 6 rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslmjh Jspantildea

H 2 rsquo J` Ijhtrm Jspdrdta

H 7 rsquo J` Jspdrdtdslm imlmfi`msmfigravea nj vdna

pjndnmsrjvdstafjjKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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DHFMSLAIDUgraveH T SJYJSVAY5

YJISJ^ASIgraveA AumlIHDIAMSBAHDUA

IMHFJSJHIDAY

T YJLDHASDMY

bull J` Luhnm Dhvdsdc`j

bull Sjbrjsm a `a vdna jspdrdtua`

bull J` laacutes a``aacute nj` sudidna

bull a lotildesdia jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

jqud`dcrdm para j` a`la

bull Jspigraverdtus y su gdstmrda jh `a gulahd-

nan

bull ^jrapda nj` almr

bull Imluhdiaidugraveh imh `ms jspigraverdtus5

ldtms y vjrnanjs

bull Njsvj`ahnm `m dhvdsdc`j (prujcas idjhtigrave-

fiias fi`msugravefiias j gdstugraverdias)

I d ` n d d dc`

a partdidpaidugraveh a jstj jvjhtm jstaacute acdjrta a tmnas aquj``as pjrsmhas dhtjrjsanas

IMHFJSJHIDAH^JY

Ndva`nm [ Frahim - A`frjnm A`mhsm nj `a Fujhtj - A`frjnm

^acujntildea - Vditmr Suahm - Iar`ms Ialpjttd - Euah Ldbuj`

Fjrhaacutehnjz - Eahaigraveha Ldhj``d - Iarljh Iarnmha - Ldbuj`

Vjra - M`ba Mrtdz

6 2 y 7 Ndidjlcrj 31gt

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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31frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

ahtjs Yj trata jh idjr tm lmnm nj uha tarja prjparatmrdaimlm `a nj `a bjrldhaidugraveh a imhsjiujhida nj `a iua` j`prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj jxpjrdljhta uha trahsfmrlaidugraveh ysj imhvdjrtj jh Jspigraverdtu Jhtmhijs imldjhza para auml` j`pjrdmnm nj gulahdnan ()iquest Jsa rjspujsta hm pujnj sjrlaacutes imhi`uyjhtj

J 645 laquoJ` Jspigraverdtu uha vjz quj ga jhtranm jhj` pjrigravemnm nj gulahdnan frac12imhsjrva vjstdbdms nj `mquj ahtjs jra js njidr vjstdbdms nj` jstanm jh qujsj jhimhtraca nurahtj j` pjrigravemnm quj pundaumlralmsnjhmldhar prjgulahm=iquest

Sjspujsta5 laquoJsm njpjhnj nj a ndstahida quj sjpara

`ms nms pjrigravemnms y nj` prmbrjsm rja`dzanm Nurahtja`buhas bjhjraidmhjs auml` pujnj tjhjr uh rjffijem laacutes mljhms prmhuhidanm nj su jstanm prdldtdvm pmrquj hanajh `a Hatura`jza sj gaij pmr trahsdidugraveh crusia ()iquest

Jhimhtralms iasms dhtjrjsahtjs a jstj rjspjitmpmr jejlp`m j` nj Saylmhn Lmmny j` falmsm autmr nj

Vdna njspuaumls nj `a Vdna quj nurahtj antildems hm aijptugrave `arjjhiarhaidugraveh hd irjigravea jh jsm nj `as rjbrjsdmhjs gastaquj rdhndaumlhnmsj a `a dhsdstjhida nj uha psdqudatra aldbasuya aijptugrave sjr smljtdnm a uha rjbrjsdugraveh T fiha`ljhtjhm fuj uha sdhm luigas sjsdmhjs jh `as quj ``jbugrave a vjrsjjh vardas jhiarhaidmhjs ahtjrdmrjs rjsu`tahnm quj jh `alaacutes `jeaha nj jsas rjbrjsdmhjs sj vjigravea sucdnm a uh aacutercm`sj vjigravea a sigrave ldslm imlm uh sdldm mnas jstas rjbrjsdmhjsnarigraveah `ubar njspuaumls a uh `dcrm nj su autmrigravea rj`atahnm tmnm imh njta``j

Jh j` ijrjcrm hm jxdstj ugraverbahm quj sja prdvatdvmnj` gmlcrj as ndfjrjhidas nj` ahtrmpmdnj y nj` gmlcrjsmh jh j` sucstratm lmrfm`ugravebdim sugrave`m nj hatura`jzaiuahtdtatdva y hm iua`dtatdva J` Gmlm sapdjhs sapdjhs jssm`aljhtj uha jspjidj ahdla` otildehdia Hana gay jh j``asdhbu`ar -imlm afirla a Ahtrmpm`mbigravea- quj hm pujna sjraha`dzana cdm`ugravebdialjhtj imlm mtra jspjidj iua`qudjraA` imhtrardm nj uha jspjidj sdhbu`ar y supjrdmr j` gmlcrjjs jh rja`dnan sugrave`m uha jspjidj laacutes Js njidr Igar`jsNarwdh sdbuj dlcatdc`j

laquoJ` prdhidpdm jspdrdtua` sj aimbdugrave jh j` sjhm tjlp`anmnj as abuas a travaumls nj ms mrbahdslms ij`u`arjs Nurahtj

ld`js nj antildems gdzm `arbm vdaej jh `a jspmhea pasahnm anmldhar iauml`u`as autugravehmlas dlpmhdaumlhnm`js j` jspigraverdtunj mcjndjhida y nj im`jitdvdnan jh `a mrbahdzaidugravehprdlmrnda` nj `ms lotildesiu`ms Jxpjrdljhtugrave `arbm tdjlpmahtjs nj jhsayar `ms idldjhtms nj` aparatm hjrvdmsm jh`a ljnusa jh j` busahm jh j` catraidm arrastraacutehnmsjpara jljrbjr nj` fmhnm msiurm y fahbmsm nj `as abuas jdhdidar sus prdljras jxpjrdjhidas ahtj j` sm` ljrdndahmiquestMpdhdugraveh nj Ahnrauml udz quj imlm tahtas mtras vjrtdnasgaij laacutes nj antildems vah jhimhtrahnm rjspa`nm jh `aIdjhida

Hm sj gac`a jh j` ljndm idjhtigravefiim nj prdhidpdm

jspdrdtua` pjrm sj gac`a nj vdna T a dnja jh jfjitm js jsaquj `as prdljras lahdfjstaidmhjs nj vdna jh j` p`ahjtasurbdjrmh jh `ms ‐larjs tjlp`anmsldquo jxprjsaacutehnmsj jhj` prmtmp`asla uh bj` fmrlanm nj latjrda mrbaacutehdialaquoNj jsa pasta iugravesldia vdjrtj j` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtjjh sus prdljras lahdfjstaidmhjsiquest rjfijrj Ahnrauml udz jhJvm`uidugraveh jh Nms Luhnms

[jrdjspigraverdtu

Jh j` pjrdjspigraverdtu pmsjjlms tmnm j` arsjha` njrjiursms autmlaacutetdims quj bmcdjrhah a `ms cd``mhjsnj jhtdnanjs ldirmsiugravepdias rjiursms anqudrdnms luy`jhtaljhtj pmr j` sjr a travaumls nj ld`jhdms y ld`jhdms

nj jsfujrzm y rjiapdtu`aidugraveh jh `ms lotilde`tdp`js ialpmsnj `a jvm`uidugraveh ahigraveldia Jh jsta mpjraidugraveh `jhta surbjh`as a`bas aiuaacutetdias nahnm imcdem a` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj

J` mcejtdvm nj `a jvm`uidugraveh `arazugraveh nj sjr nj `a vdna hm js `a

fj`didnan tjrrjstrj imlm luigms

jrrugravehjaljhtj irjjh y sigrave j`pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm njiana uhm nj hmsmtrms

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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33 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY=

Ymh fmrlas lmhmij`u`arjs iasd dhvdsdc`js quj gasta gmypjrsdstjh jh a djrra imlm fi`trms nj jvm`uidugraveh prdlardapasahnm jh jstj mrnjh a `as a`bas vjrnjs p`urdij`u`arjs

Nj `ms mrbahdslms lmhmij`u`arjs a `ms mrbahdslmsimlp`jems imlahnahnm iauml`u`as Jhtrjtahtm njsarrm``a mssjhtdnms5

bull J` taitm imh j` pasm nj` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj pmr`as iauml`u`as hui`jarjs imh sus dlpu`sms aljcdahms

bull a vdsta jh a sjhsdcd`dnan nj` p`asla jh ms ffiabj`mslmhmij`u`arjs jxpujstms a `a i`ardnan sm`ar

bull J` m`fatm jh `ms ahdla`js aiuaacutetdims laacutes sdlp`js jh`ms ialcdms nj alcdjhtj jh quj sj lujvjh

bull J` bustm jh `as p`ahtas prmvdstas nj pj`ms vdsimsmsnjstd`ahnm eubms

bull T j` sjxm jh `as a`bas quj hm sugrave`m pmsjigraveah iauml`u`aslasiu`dhas y fjljhdhas atraigravenas uhas a mtras sdhm talcdaumlh uh jscmzm nj jpdnjrlds sjhsdc`j

frac12Iugravelm ga sdnm gasta agmra a gdstmrda nj a apardidugravehnj jsas ndfjrjhtjs fmrlas nj vdna jh hujstrm p`ahjta=

Jxdstj uha dhtjrjsahtj jstratjbda imlparatdva qujayuna a jhtjhnjr`m ljemr5 js imlpaitar `ms 1 ld`ld``mhjs nj antildems nj jxdstjhida nj` uhdvjrsm imhmidnmnjhtrm nj` pjrigravemnm nj tah sugrave`m uh antildem frac12Iugravelm sjrigravearjnuidna a uh antildem `a gdstmrda nj `a apardidugraveh nj jsasndfjrjhtjs fmrlas nj vdna jh hujstrm p`ahjta=

1 nj jhjrm - fmrlaidugraveh nj` uhdvjrsm a

partdr nj `a ‐brah jxp`msdugravehldquoA prdhidpdms nj laym - fmrlaidugraveh nj

hujstra ba`axda a Vigravea aacuteitja1 nj sjptdjlcrj - surbjh j` sdstjla sm`ar

y `a djrraA fiha`js nj sjptdjlcrj - surbj `a vdna jh

`a djrra[rdljrm nj mitucrj - surbjh caitjrdas y

a`bas uhdij`u`arjs14 nj mitucrj - caitjrdas dhdidah j` prmijsm

nj fmtmsigravehtjsds

3gt nj hmvdjlcrj - surbjh `ms prdljrmssjrjs vdvms uhdij`u`arjs pmsjjnmrjs nj hotildei`jmij`u`ar (juiardmhtjs)

A fiha`js nj hmvdjlcrj - surbjh `msprmijsms sjxua`js jh sjrjs uhdij`u`arjs

1 nj ndidjlcrj - gaij 12 ld``mhjs njantildems

13 nj ndidjlcrj - surbjh `as prdljrasp`ahtas y ahdla`js p`urdij`u`arjs

16 nj ndidjlcrj - sjrjs p`urdij`u`arjs sjjxpahnjh raacutepdnaljhtj jh a djrra

12 nj ndidjlcrj - surbjh `ms prdljrmssjrjs ahdla`js dhvjrtjcranms pmrtanmrjs njiaparazugraveh

3 nj ndidjlcrj - surbjh `ms prdljrmsahdla`js imh im`ulha vjrtjcra`

31 nj ndidjlcrj - surbjh `as prdljras

p`ahtas tjrrjstrjs `ms pjqujntildems ahficdmsacahnmhah ms larjs39 nj ndidjlcrj - surbjh `as sj`vas nj

iarcugraveh ldhjra` y surbjh `ms prdljrms rjptd`js3 nj ndidjlcrj - surbjh ms prjnjijsmrjs

nj ms ndhmsaurdms32 nj ndidjlcrj - sj njsarrm``ah `ms

prdljrms laligravefjrms a partdr nj `ms rjptd`js37 nj ndidjlcrj - surbjh as prdljras avjs34 nj ndidjlcrj - apmbjm nj `ms

ndhmsaurdms

9 nj ndidjlcrj - jxtdhidugraveh nj `ms saurdmsdhdidm nj `a asijhsdugraveh nj `ms laligravefjrms surbjh`ms prdljrms prdlatjs

91 nj ndidjlcrj - surbjh `ms sdldms yahtrmpmdnjs apardidugraveh nj ms prdljrms gmlcrjs

315gt - surbj jh Aacutefrdia j` Austra`mpdtjiusj` prjiursmr nj` gmlcrj gaij 9 ld``mhjs njantildems

335 - usm nj `as prdljras gjrraldjhtas(pmr j` Gmlm gacd`ds `a prdljra jspjidj nj`baumlhjrm gulahm quj vdvdugrave gaij 3 ld``mhjs njantildems

3352 - surbj j` Gmlm jrjitus - gaij 17ld``mhjs nj antildems3956 - surbj j` gmlcrj nj Hjahnjrta` (nj

`a jspjidj Gmlm sapdjhs)39575gt - surbj j` gmlcrj j` Gmlm

sapdjhs sapdjhsFa`tah gt sjbuhnms - haij Ejsotildes3gt5 rsquo agmra

[jrm jhtrjtahtm gay uha jvm`uidugraveh budana figravesdiay lmra` uhms js`acmhjs pjrndnms quj hm gjlmsjhimhtranm pujs hm js uha jvm`uidugraveh quj sj rjnuziaa jstj p`ahjta J` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj para ``jbar a sjrjspigraverdtu pasaraacute pmr mtras jspjidjs pmr mtras fmrlas yvdnas quj aotildeh jstalms `jems nj imhmijr pjrm auh asigrave nj`m quj imhmijlms imhtjlp`alms hm sugrave`m `a jvm`uidugravehnj `as jspjidjs quj imh Narwdh y j` jspigraverdta Susj``Ra``aij fuj imhtjlpmraacutehja a `a puc`diaidugraveh nj J` `dcrmnj `ms Jspigraverdtus Vjlms quj tras tmnm jsj prmijsm gay uhfih y uh njstdhm uh pmr quauml y uh para quauml uh prdhidpdmdhtj`dbjhtj njtraacutes jvm`uidmhahnm irjidjhnm rjpdtdjhnmaprjhndjhnm y jsia`a a jsia`a pmim a pmim ld`jhdm ald`jhdm js ljrjijnmr y imhqudstanmr nj sus `mbrms Ymhya 1 ld` ld``mhjs nj antildems quj j` gmlcrj prjtjhnjldrar pjrm aotildeh hm vj prjtjhnj jxp`diar pjrm aotildeh hm

imlprjhnj pjrm quj rjprjsjhtah `a guj``a dhnj`jc`j njNdms nj `a Jvm`uidugraveh nj` fih imhtuhnjhtj nj larigargaida `a dhtj`dbjhida gaida j` luhnm lmra`

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY=

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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36 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM

J` 3gt nj euhdm nj 14gt9 fuj para `a idunan nj Baumlhmva(Dta`da) uh nigravea jldhjhtjljhtj trdstj Zhm nj sus laacutesiauml`jcrjs dhvjstdbanmrjs psigravequdims partigravea gaida j` mtrm `anmnj a vdna a ms 71 antildems nj jnan njspuaumls nj gacjr njeanmjsirdtm para `a gdstmrda laacutes nj sjsjhta mcras y idjhtms njartigraveiu`ms casanms jh sus dhvjstdbaidmhjs

Jrhjstm Cmzzahm gacigravea haidnm jh `a ldsla idunanquj `j vdm lmrdr j` 4 nj jhjrm nj 1763 Yu fald`dajimhugraveldialjhtj aimlmnana `m rjidcdugrave euhtm imh mtrmsiuatrm gjrlahms laacutes mcsjrvahnm iugravelm sj njstaiacajh auml` uh almr apasdmhahtj pmr j` aprjhndzaej ^a` jra asigravequj a `ms iuatrm antildems suejtahnm imh sus pjqujntildeas lahmsuh vm`uldhmsm y ldstjrdmsm tmlm smcrj `a `dtjraturabjhmvjsa dhsdstigravea a su lanrj para quj j jhsjntildeara a `jjr`m

[asa j` tdjlpm y Cmzzahm js a`jhtanm a jstundar jhuha jsiuj`a taumlihdia pjrm a `ms iatmrij antildems tras luigas`aacutebrdlas js mc`dbanm pmr su panrj a acahnmhar`a Jstmfmrta`jidugrave su pjrsmha`dnan ya quj a partdr nj jhtmhijs suljta fuj anqudrdr imlm `jy uha brah iu`tura njspjrtahnmluigigravesdlm dhtjraumls pmr `ms brahnjs i`aacutesdims dta`dahms a`dtjratura fuj su prdljra vmiaidugraveh y tras imhvjrtdrsj jhuh autmndnaita js iapaz nj `jjr jh dhb`aumls `as mcras nj `ms

pmjtas ^gmlas Lmmrj [jriy Cyssgj Ygj``jy Emgh Ld`tmh yRd``dal Ygaojspjarj

Imh qudhij antildems sj jhiujhtra dhtjrjsanm pmr `asndfjrjhtjs aacuterjas nj` imhmidldjhtm5 `a pa`jmhtm`mbigravea `aastrmhmligravea as idjhidas hatura`js a psdim`mbigravea y a fi`msmfigraveaidjhtigravefiia Anjlaacutes njsnj su euvjhtun ya sjhtigravea uhadhusdtana atraiidugraveh pmr `ms prmc`jlas nj `a pjrsmha`dnangulaha prdhidpa`ljhtj ms quj imhnuiigraveah a as iausas nj`ms sufrdldjhtms `a fiha`dnan y `a razugraveh nj `a vdna gulaha

Vdjhj `a naumliana fi`msugravefiia jhtrj 1773 y 1743 nmhnjdhtjhta pjhjtrar jh j` pjhsaldjhtm nj ms brahnjs fi`ugravesmfmsnjsnj [`atugraveh Njsiartjs Bjmrb Rd`gj`l Frdjnrdig mtzjSmsldhd y Vdhijhzm Bdmcjrtd quj tras `arbms y `acmrdmsmsantildems nj dhvjstdbaidugraveh jh jstj ialpm nj `a fi`msmfigravea hm``jha sus jspjranms ahgj`ms

Ydh jlcarbm j` jstundm nj` sdstjla nj` brah fi`ugravesmfmdhb`js Gjrcjrt Ypjhijr `j njspdjrta y nurahtj nms antildemssj njndia a ahmtar y i`asdfiiar sus imhijptms pmr j` brahimhtjhdnm fi`msugravefiim quj njsiucrj jh auml` sdjhnm su igravenm`m ynjeahnm uha dhffiujhida luy lariana jh Cmzzahm

A partdr nj aquigrave sj imhvdrtdugrave sjbotildeh sus pa`acras jhuh pmsdtdvdsta-latjrda`dsta imhvjhidnm gasta ta` puhtm quj`j parjiigravea dhirjigravec`j quj gucdjra luigas bjhtjs nj alp`daiu`tura dhtj`jitua` quj pundjrah irjjr jh `a jxdstjhida m`a supjrvdvjhida nj` jspigraverdtu laquoLd pjhsaldjhtm jra ta` qujjsirdcigrave ar tigraveiu`ms jh apmym a lds imhvdiidmhjs J` rjiujrnmnj jsj iursm lj gaij dhnu`bjhtj y tm`jrahtj nj uhanjtjrldhana i`asj nj ahtabmhdstas quj nj cujha fj ndijhsjr iapaijs nj rjfutar `as imhi`usdmhjs jxpjrdljhta`jsrdburmsas quj gah ``jbanm a` hjm-jspdrdtua`dslm y quj sjmpmhjh a `as dhnuiidmhjs y njnuiidmhjs nj [sdim`mbigravea jhquj ym irjigravea gaij gt antildemsiquest

laquoJs hjijsardm imlprjhnjr quj jh `a aumlpmia a `a qujlj rjfijrm ym hm sacigravea hana nj `a dhvjstdbaidugraveh nj `aljndulhdnan m jspdrdtdslm imh `a jxijpidugraveh nj crjvjsartigraveiu`ms quj gacigravea jigravenm jh ms pjrdugravendims sdh prjstar laacutesatjhidugraveh nj ms laumlnduls quj sjntildea`auml pdanmsaljhtj smcrj

`a irjnu`dnan nj `ms jspdrdtdstasiquestlaquoYuijndugrave sdh jlcarbm -imhtdhotildea imhtahnm Cmzzahm-

quj jh 1741 j` prmfjsmr frahiaumls gaumlmnu`j-Arlahn Sdcmtndrjitmr nj `a Sjvuj [gd`msmpgdquj lj jsirdcdugrave paraimluhdiarlj `a puc`diaidugraveh nj uha prugravexdla rjvdsta caemj` tigravetu`m Ahha`js njs Yidjhijs [syigdqujs iuym ndrjitmr jraj` Nr Nardjux prjnjijsmr nj` lajstrm Igar`js SdigjtJra uha rjvdsta quj sj prmpusm prdhidpa`ljhtj rjimbjry jxaldhar a`buhms iasms iurdmsms nj `a trahsldsdugravehnj` pjhsaldjhtm a ndstahida dhi`udnm caem j` hmlcrj nj‐fjhugraveljhms tj`jpaacutetdimsldquoiquest

laquoa psdim`mbigravea ldstjrdmsa jsimhndna jh jsta frasj lj``alugrave `a iurdmsdnan a` dbua` quj j` hmlcrj nj` prmfjsmrSdigjt fuj sufiidjhtj para barahtdzar `a sjrdjnan nj `ajlprjsa Sjspmhnigrave a` prmfjsmr Sdcmt abranjidaumlhnm`j `a

CDMBSAFIgraveA5JSHJY^M CMUUAHM

Ndvu`banmr jspigraverdta artdiu`dsta y imhfjrjhidahtj [artdidpa jhprmbralas nj randm y tj`jvdsdugraveh nj tjlaacutetdia jspdrdtua` Js prjsdnjhtjnj `a Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj Lanrdn Euah Ldbuj` Fjrhaacutehnjz

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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32CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

atjhidugraveh y lj dhi`uyugrave jhtrj `ms susirdptmrjs nj `a rjvdstaNji`arm sdhijraljhtj quj `a `jitura nj sus prdljrmshotildeljrms prmnuem uha dlprjsdugraveh njsastrmsa jh ld irdtjrdmpmsdtdvdsta drrjimhid`dac`jiquest

laquo[arjiigravea dhndbhahtj quj a`buhms rjprjsjhtahtjs nj`a idjhida mfiida` qujrigraveah ndsiutdr sjrdaljhtj `a trahsldsdugravehnj` pjhsaldjhtm nj uh imhtdhjhtj a mtrm `as apardidmhjsnj fahtaslas tj`jpaacutetdims imlm jhtdnanjs rja`js y iasmsaitua`js dhqudjtahtjs J` pmnjr dhgdcdnmr nj prjimhijptmsimhvjrtdnm jh ld faiu`tan nj ta`js razmhaldjhtms jra

tmta`ljhtj dhaiijsdcj a `as hujvas dnjas m laacutes cdjh a `mshujvms aitms pmrquj `ms gjigms rja`ljhtj njiigraveah qujjrah idjhtigravefiims y rdburmsaljhtj nmiuljhtanms auhqujym hm jra iapaz nj asdld`ar`msiquest

laquoIuahnm tmnavigravea lahtjhigravea ld jstanm ljhta` aparjidugravejh `a Sjvuj [gd`msmpgdquj uh `arbm artigraveiu`m nj` prmfjsmrSmsjhcaig nj Yah [jtjrscurbm (Susda) vdm`jhtaljhtjataiahnm `a ‐dhtrusdugraveh sairigrave`jba nj jstj hujvm ldstdidslmldquojh `as dhljndaidmhjs nj `a psdim`mbigravea mfiida` y jxp`diahnm

`ms hujvms iasms nj `ms supujstms nj `a ‐a`uidhaidugravehldquo `as‐imdhidnjhidas fmrtudtasldquo y a`buhms laacutes quj hm pujnmrjimrnar ^a`js rjfutaidmhjs parjijh tah tmrpjs y imh ta`ndsiapaidnan quj prmnuij j` jfjitm imhtrardm nj `m quj j`autmr prjtjhnigravea ndsbustahnm ld ljhtj Lj imhvjhiigrave nj qujj` prmc`jla jra rja`ljhtj `ms gjigms asigrave quj iata`mbuaumlsj`jiidmhauml y i`asdfiquauml para rja`dzar j` ahaacute`dsds imlparatdvmiquest

laquoa jxij`jhida nj` laumltmnm nj dhvjstdbaidugraveh sdld`arfuj prmcanm nj ta` lahjra quj aotildeh `m usm gasta `a fjigaBuarnm uh dlpjrjijnjrm rjiujrnm nj jstj pjrdmnm njdhvjstdbaidugraveh fjrvdjhtj y pjrsjvjrahtj pmrquj a travaumlsnj j``ms lj gdij iapaz nj rjsm`vjr lds hujvas irjjhidas

jspdrdtdstas smcrj uha casj idjhtigravefiia firlj as mcras njSmcjrt Na`j Mwjh Jpjs Yarbjht nj `a Yra Lmrbah ynj` Nr Rm`fj lj dhffiujhidarmh a anmptar ld hujvm puhtmnj vdsta smcrj `a fjhmljhm`mbigravea psigravequdia y jfjitms figravesdimsas sjsdmhjs jxpjrdljhta`js imh Rd``dal Ytadhtmh Lmsjsfujrmh `as quj prmnuejrmh j` laymr jfjitm pjrsuasdvmsmcrj lds irjjhidas a iausa nj `a dhtjrvjhidugraveh nj uhjspigraverdtu jh `a fjhmljhm`mbigravea jhtrj `ms antildems 1743 y 1749iquest

laquoAsigrave punj jxpjrdljhtar y aprjhnjr imh j` rjputanmidjhtigravefiim a partdr nj `ms arbuljhtms Jhtjhndaumlhnmsj sdhjlcarbm quj gacigravea ``jbanm j` tdjlpm jh j` quj sj njcjimhfirlar lds imhmidldjhtms tjugraverdims y as dhvjstdbaidmhjs

jxpjrdljhta`jsiquest tjrldha CmzzahmSjimrnjlms quj su prdljra aprmxdlaidugraveh a`

jstundm nj` Jspdrdtdslm fuj `a hjbaidugraveh nj` fjhugraveljhm

Jra uh pjhsanmr pmsdtdvdsta Yus prdljras dhiursdmhjsjh `ms jstundms nj `ms fjhugraveljhms jspigraverdtas a travaumls nj`a mcra nj A`jxahnjr Aosaomv jh Ahdldslm y Jspdrdtdslm y ms fahtaslas nj `a sa`a nj jstar nj Burhjs Lyjrs `jimhvdrtdjrmh njfihdtdvaljhtj jh uh dhvjstdbanmr psigravequdim

A partdr nj 14 Cmzzahm imljhzugrave a partdidpar jh`ms jxpjrdljhtms smcrj laumlnduls y a jsirdcdr artigraveiu`mssmcrj sus imhi`usdmhjs Huhia sj njsiudnugrave y fuj luyirigravetdim jh sus dhvjstdbaidmhjs imhvdrtdaumlhnmsj jh uhmnj `ms idjhtigravefiims laacutes prmnuitdvms nj `ms fjhugraveljhmspsigravequdims Jhtrj sus lotilde`tdp`js mcras quj fujrmh tranuidnasa huljrmsms dndmlas sj jhiujhtrah `ms dhfmrljs nj `asrjuhdmhjs lahtjhdnas imh Jusapda [a`andhm uha nj `aslaumlnduls nj jfjitms figravesdims laacutes dlpmrtahtjs nj jsa aumlpmiaYu rjputaidugraveh `j pjrldtdugrave lahtjhjr imrrjspmhnjhidaimh `ms prdhidpa`js rjprjsjhtahtjs nj `a ljtapsigravequdiadhi`uyjhnm idjhtigravefiims ta`js imlm `ms figravesdims dhb`jsjsRd``dal Irmmojs y M`dvjr mnbj y j` fisdugrave`mbm frahiaumlsIgar`js Sdigjt

a njsjhiarhaidugraveh nj su lanrj jh eu`dm nj 1413sdrvdugrave nj pujhtj para `a njlmstraidugraveh nj `a supjrvdvjhidanj` a`la Cmzzahm rja`dzaca jh jsa aumlpmia sjsdmhjssjlaha`js imh uh rjnuidnm brupm nj aldbms y imh `apartdidpaidugraveh nj uha falmsa laumlndul Sja`dzahnm uhasjsdugraveh jh `a quj sj imhljlmraca j` prdljr ahdvjrsardmnj `a lujrtj nj su prmbjhdtmra `a laumlndul jsirdcdugrave uhaspa`acras jh uh trmzm nj papj` quj njspuaumls nj `jigravenas pmrCmzzahm `m njearmh asmlcranm A``igrave jstacah jsirdtms `msnms otilde`tdlms vjrsms nj` jpdtafim quj aquj` ldslm nigravea auml`gacigravea njeanm jh j` totildelu`m nj su lanrj

Fuj [rjsdnjhtj Gmhmrardm nj` micro Imhbrjsm Jspigraverdta

Dhtjrhaidmha` ij`jcranm jh Carij`mha jh 149gt [mr suaituaidugraveh rjidcdugrave nj `ms jspigraverdtas crdtaacutehdims uha ljna``anj mrm quj imhtjhigravea `a sdbudjhtj frasj laquoA` Brah Lajstrmnj` A`la Jrhjstm Cmzzahm quj acrdugrave hujvms gmrdzmhtjsa `a gulahdnan sufrdjhtj nj sus aldbms y anldranmrjsiquestJrhjstm Cmzzahm apmrtugrave uha dhjstdlac`j imhtrdcuidugraveh a aidjhida jspigraverdta Casta njidr quj sus tracaems smh sdjlprjuha fujhtj uhdvjrsa`

a otilde`tdla jtapa nj su vdna fuj luy trdstj njcdnm aprmc`jlas jimhugraveldims y nj sa`un

Fdha`dzalms imh jsta frasj nj su mcra LjtapsigravequdiaGulaha5 laquoAfirlar sdh tjlmr a jqudvmiarhms quj fujranj `a gdpugravetjsds jspigraverdta hm gay handj iapaz nj jxp`diar`ms iasms ahaacute`mbms a `ms quj aiacm nj jxpmhjriquest

Jrhjstm Cmzzahm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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37 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA

DHY^DH^M JDH^JDBJHIDA

Mnmhtugrave`mba prjsdnjhta nj a Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta ‐Yjhnjrm nj [azldquojh Carrahqud``a (Im`mlcda) Imhfjrjhidahtj jspigraverdta y jxprjsdnjhtjnj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj `a Imsta At`aacutehtdia

Iarljh Iarnmha

Yjbotildeh `ms jstundms nj `a Cdm`mbigravea y `a [a`jmhtm`mbigravea`a vdna mrbaacutehdia jh `a ^djrra aparjij jh `a otilde`tdla jtapanj `a Jra Arqujmzmdia jh j` [jrigravemnm [rjiaacutelcrdim avdna sugrave`m pmnigravea affimrar y jstar njcdnaljhtj mrnjhana jhsu ialdhm jvm`utdvm a iausa nj uh ialpm nj imlahnmquj pundjsj dhffiujhidar j dhijhtdvar `as fmrlas jstm js j`prdhidpdm-uhdfiianmr m jspdrdtua` quj sj lahdfijsta jh `msfjhugraveljhms nj `a vdna imlm ‐hjijsdnanjsldquo imh j` fih nja`iahzar uha njtjrldhana pmsdidugraveh nj mrnjh arlmhigravea yjqud`dcrdm

J` ldhjra` pmsjj tahtm `a vdna imlm j` vjbjta` y j`ahdla` J` prdhidpdm uhdfiianmr `a jsjhida quj prjsdnj `asfmrlas y j` ljtacm`dslm nj `a ffimra y nj `a fauha jxdstj

talcdaumlh jh j` rjdhm ldhjra` prjsdn djhnm `as fujrzas njatraiidugraveh y rjpu`sdugraveh jh quj `ms aacutetmlms y `as lm`aumliu`as sjuhdfiiah y jqud`dcrah A ljndna quj ms j`jljhtms ndspjrsmssj fujrmh rjuhdjhnm as prdljras imlcdhaidmhjs fmrlarmhiujrpms jxi`usdvaljhtj dhmrbaacutehdims `as pdjnras `as abuasy tmna `a ndvjrsdnan nj ldhjra`js Iuahnm jsms ldslmsj`jljhtms sj lmndfiiarmh pmr aiidugraveh nj` ffiudnm vdta`bdquoqujhm js j` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtjbdquofmrlarmh iujrpms nmtanmsnj vdta`dnan imh uha mrbahdzaidugraveh imhstahtj y rjbu`ar ianauhm jh su jspjidj

J` vjbjta` njspuhta imlm imhsjiujhida nj `aimmrndhaidugraveh nj` jej-vdta` m ndhaldslm jspdrdtua` qujva lmnj`ahnm `as fmrlas figravesdias nj ldirmsiugravepdiasa lairmsiugravepdias jh j` fmhnm nj `as abuas imh `as

tjlpjraturas anjiuanas y sdh `as imhvu`sdmhjs tj`otilderdias nj`a supjrfiidj nj aquj``a aumlpmia

J` jej vdta` m psdqudslm prdlardm va anqudrdjhnmjxpjrdjhidas jh `as dnas y vjhdnas nj` ialpm jhjrbaumltdim

a` ialpm latjrda` y vdijvjrsa njtjrldhahnm uha apjrturaiigravei`dia quj pmsdcd`dtarigravea `a anqudsdidugraveh nj iua`dnanjs nj`ms pjqujntildems idi`ms nj vdna quj sj vah fmrlahnm a vdnasj va jxpahndjhnm y lmstrahnm dhfihdtas fmrlas a partdrnj iujrpms sdlp`js imlm imhsjiujhida nj `a aiidugraveh nj`prdhidpdm-jspdrdtua`

a jhjrbigravea jspdrdtua` jh jsas jras nj ld``arjs njld``mhjs nj antildems anqudjrj jxpjrdjhidas y iua`dnanjsalp`igravea aptdtunjs jh `as vdvjhidas nj tmnm j` rjdhm vjbjta` yahdla` bahahnm jh j ` prdljrm sjhsdcd`dnan jh j` sjbuhnmdhstdhtm

J` ahdla` tdjhj uha tjhnjhida para rjaiidmhar imhtraj` ljndm jxtjrdmr y `a sjhsaidugraveh `j njtjrldha jlmidmhjsnj p`aijr m nj nm`mr Cusiahnm uhas y guyjhnm nj mtrasrja`dza aitms dhstdhtdvms quj sj tranuijh pmr aiidmhjsrjffijeas quj sj anaptah anldrac`jljhtj a su jxdstjhida Asigravejh `a `djcrj quj sj ndspara a` ljhmr rudnm j` lmvdldjhtmnj fuba js dhvm`uhtardm jh partj rjffijem jh partj dhstdhtdvmpjrm smcrj tmnm uh lmvdldjhtm anaptanm a `a vdna nj`ahdla` tjhdjhnm pmr fiha`dnan su imhsjrvaidugraveh Guyj parasa`varsj

Nj agigrave sj sdbuj quj aiidmhjs y rjaiidmhjs smhsdjlprj `as ldslas para uha jspjidj y pmr imhsjiujhidaprmvmiah `as ldslas mpjraidmhjs dhtj`jitua`js mcsiurasJsas mpjraidmhjs dhijsahtjljhtj rjpjtdnas sj dhirustahjh j` pjrdjspigraverdtu quj pjtrdfiia pmr asigrave njidr`m j` aparatmijrjcrm-jspdha` ``jbahnm a sjr partj nj` ahdla` Js jh jsaiatjbmrigravea quj sj im`miah `ms dhstdhtms iuym mcejtdvm js5hutrdidugraveh imhsjrvaidugraveh rjprmnuiidugraveh

a dhtj`dbjhida uh tahtm njsprjhndna nj` ljndmpjrdjspdrdtua` brmsjrm dhtjrvdjhj para quj j` Jspigraverdtuaprmvjigj `ms dhstdhtms hatura`js lmndfiiaacutehnm`ms mpjrfjiidmhaacutehnm`ms

J` dhstdhtm js `a fujrza miu`ta quj ``jva a `ms sjrjsmrbaacutehdims a rja`dzar aitms jspmhtaacutehjms j dhvm`uhtardmspara smcrjvdvdr J` dhstdhtm js uha dhtj`dbjhida rundljhtarda

J` dhstdhtm js uha dhtj`dbjhida rundljhtarda hm raidmha` y ljndahtj auml`tmnms ms sjrjs prmvjjh sus hjijsdnanjs

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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34DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

hm raidmha` y ljndahtj auml` tmnms `ms sjrjs prmvjjh sushjijsdnanjs a dhtj`dbjhida js uha faiu`tan jspjida`prmpda nj idjrtas i`asjs nj sjrjs mrbaacutehdims quj `js naimh j` pjhsaldjhtm vm`uhtan nj aituar imhidjhida nj sujxdstjhida y imhstdtuyj su dhndvdnua`dnan lmra`

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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^j`f5 +9gt 61 7gt 136

Yjvd``abull Asmidaidugraveh Ijhtrm nj Jstundms

Jspigraverdtas nj Yjvd``aNdrjiidugraveh5 [rmspjrdnan 9 rdaha gt11 bull Yjvd``a

Rjc5 wwwjspdrdtassjvd``ajsImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 bjhmvjvala``mKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 4gt 379 7 rsquo +9gt 6 gt71 794

bull Brupm Jspigraverdta Hujvm Alahjijr Emahha nj Ahbj`ds

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ndjbm [ujrta 1 Jsi 9gt 2 A gt14 bull Yjvd``aRjc5 wwwhujvmalahjijrjspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtashujvmalahjijrKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 + 9gt 62 44 462 - + 9gt 62 44 46

^arrabmhabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Emahha nj Ahbj`dsNdrjiidugraveh5 [ucd`` Mrdm` 33

gt931 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 422 9gt6 16gt rsquo +9gt 63 gt61 67gt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Lahuj` y Ndva`nmNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Vdjhtm gt93 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)Rjc5 wwwijlyniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ar`dhbbKyagmmjs ^j`f5 +9gt 676 gt4 2gt6

Va`jhida

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Va`jhida Gmbar FratjrhmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Vd``ahujva nj Iastj``ugraveh 33 gt64 bull Va`jhidaRjc5 wwwasjsvamrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 gmbarfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 469 3 46 7

IJH^SMY JY[IgraveSD^AY MHDHJbull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aNdrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat (uhjs Ldaumlrim`js y Eujvjs 33g9)

Rjc5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`jfmhm5 +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas ‐YdhFrmhtjrasldquo

Ndrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat(Nmldhbms 31g)

Rjc5 gttp5ijjsdhfrmhtjrasjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijjsdhfrmhtjrasKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta

Abjhna Irdstdaha - JNDIJD gt ₠

A`cmrana Irdstdaha (Ljndahm) gt ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrDD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

Aacuternua Asijhsdugraveh 13 ₠

Atjhidugraveh (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ialdhm Vjrnan y Vdna - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Iartd``a nj` Cdjh - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Iuahnm Sjbrjsj `a [rdlavjra (Hmrla`) 2 ₠

Iujhtms Jspdrdtdstas 4 ₠

Njsnj a Mtra Vdna gt ₠

Njspdjrtj y Yja Fj`dz - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` A`la js Dhlmrta` 7 ₠

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta 4 ₠

J` Idj`m y j` Dhfijrhm - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Jspigraverdtu nj `a Vjrnan - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` Jvahbj`dm Yjbotildeh j` Jspdrdtdslm -JNDIJD

1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Yjr Yucimhsidjhtj 6 ₠

Jh `m Dhvdsdc`j 7 ₠

Jh `ms Nmldhdms nj `a Ljndulhdnan -JNDIJD

4 ₠

Jhtrj `a djrra y j` Idj`m - JNDIJD 4 ₠Jspdrdtdslm Lmnjrhm OA DJ ODHB - FJJ ₠

Jspdrdtdslm y Jim`mbigravea - JNDIJD 7 ₠

B`msardm Jspigraverdta (Cm`sd``m) 6 ₠

Buigravea [raacuteitdia nj` Jspdrdtdsta - FJJ ₠

Gdphmtdslm y Jspdrdtdslm 7 ₠

Ejsotildes jh j` Gmbar - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Eustdida Ndvdha - JNDIJD 7 ₠

a Baumlhjsds - JNDIJD 1 ₠

a Vdna jh Fald`da gt ₠

dcjraidugraveh - JNDIJD 4 ₠

as Vdnas Yuijsdvas 4 ₠

ms Ljhsaejrms - JNDIJD 7 ₠

ms Lujrtms Ydbujh Vdvdjhnm 6 ₠

Lahms Zhdnas (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljndtaidmhjs (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljlmrdas nj` [anrj Bjrlaacuteh 2 ₠

Ljhsaej nj uh Anm`jsijhtj njsnj j`Luhnm Jspdrdtua` - JNDIJD ₠

Ldsdmhjrms nj `a uz - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Lujrtj js Vdna 6 ₠

Hujstrm Gmbar - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Mcrjrms nj `a Vdna Jtjrha - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[ah Hujstrm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[jhsaldjhtm y Vdna - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Sj`dbdugraveh nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 177 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 174 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Yjntildea` Vjrnj gt ₠

Yjxm y Njstdhm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Ydjlcra nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Yuc`dlj Jxpdaidugraveh - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Vdna Fj`dz - JNDIJD 2 ₠

Lm`njahnm j` ^jrijr Ld`jhdm - Vdna yMcra nj Ndva`nm [ Frahim

1 ₠

Vdna y Yjxm - JNDIJD 6 ₠

T `a Vdna Imhtdhotildeahellip JNDIJD 7 ₠

dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ

Ugraverbahm jndtmrda` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a sdh aacutehdlm nj `uirm quj rjdhvdjrtj jh j` prmpdm

`dcrm jspigraverdta Yj gaijh jhvigravems imhtra rjjlcm`sm Gaba su pjndnm prjfjrdc`jljhtj pmr imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim adhfmKjspdrdtdslmii m pmr tj`aumlfmhm5 636 911 771

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Vdna ahtjs nj `a Vdna

Jhtrjvdsta a Iar`msSmcjrtm Ialpjttd

Jhfjrljnanjs nj` a`la[aacutebdha 1gt

Jvdnjhidas Idjhtigravefiias a favmr nj`a Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna [aacutebdha 3

[`ahjaldjhtm rjjhiarhatmrdm[aacutebdha 13

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐ms Gdems nj` Ayjrldquo

[aacutebdha 37

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 3bull Jndidugraveh Mitucrj 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

1 antildems nj J` `dcrm nj `ms laumlnduls

Jhtrjvdsta a` LaumlndulNdva`nm Frahim

Ljndulhdnan nj jfjitms figravesdims[aacutebdha 1gt

^rahsimluhdiaidugraveh dhstruljhta`[aacutebdha 3

Fmrlaidugraveh nj` Laumlndul[aacutebdha 13

Jspdrdtdslm jh a dtjratura

[aacutebdha 37

frac12Ejsotildes jra laumlndul=[aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 1bull Jndidugraveh Eu`dm 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Jspdrdtdslm imlm fi`msmfigravea nj vdna

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm57bull Jndidugravehacrd`31gtbull [rjidm59

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm52bull JndidugravehMitucrj 319bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

ms Ijhtrms jspdrdtdstas njcjh sjr`a iaacutetjnra nj` Jspigraverdtu nj Vjrnan

QZAuml JY J JY[DSD^DYLM=

DH^SMNZIIDUgraveHA IMHMIDLDJH^M NJ LZHNM DHVDYDCJ

[MS AY LAHDFJY^AIDMHJY NJ MY JY[IgraveSD^ZY

Imhtdjhj j` rjsuljh nj ms prdhidpdms nj a nmitrdha jspdrdtdsta y as rjs-pujstas a as prdhidpa`js mcejidmhjs

pmr

A``ah - Oarnjiautmr nj` dcrm nj ms jspigraverdtus y nj` dcrm nj ms Ljnduls

JNDIDUgraveH JIMHUgraveLDIA

[rjidm 3 rja`js

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh Jspantildea

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm56bull JndidugravehEu`dm319bull[rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5bull JndidugravehLarzm319bull [rjidm59₠

nj a FJJ

Jspdrdtdslm jh j` luhnm[aacutebdha 37

[rjiursmrjs nj` Jspdrdtdslm[aacutebdha 6

Artgur Imhah Nmy`j[aacutebdha 32

Idjhtigravefiims jspigraverdtas nj`sdb`m WDW [aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a rjvj`aidugraveh jspigraverdtay A``ah Oarnji [aacutebdha 17

a SjvujYpdrdtj [aacutebdha 3

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

a Vdna jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

[sdim`mbigravea jh j` laacutes a``aacute[aacutebdha 1gt

Aacutehbj`js BuarndahjsJspigraverdtus [rm-tjitmrjsFald`darjs y Ydlpaacutetdims

[aacutebdha 32[jrdjspigraverdtu

[aacutebdha 33

ms Yujntildems Jspdrdtua`js[aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐HMYYM ASldquo

Jhtrjvdsta aYahtdaba Hmbujrm [aacutebdha 1

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5gtbull JndidugravehYjptdjlcrj 313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

^rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

a vdna jtjrha[aacutebdha 1

^rahsdidugraveh p`ahjtarda[aacutebdha 37

[`ura`dnan nj luhnms gacdtanms[aacutebdha 39

Jvm`uidugraveh gdstugraverdia nj` pjhsaldjh-tm jspdrdtua` [aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Jhtrjvdsta

Cdmbrafigravea

a Larigravea nj `aBraida nj Jh-

njr [aacutebdha 12

aumlmh Njhds[aacutebdha 7

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm59bull JndidugravehLarzm313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

[jtdidugraveh nj hotildeljrms ahtjrdmrjs5

H 1 rsquo 1 Antildems nj` ‐dcrm nj`ms Laumlndulsldquo

H 3 rsquo Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna

H 9 rsquo rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

H gt rsquo a Vdna jh j` luhnmjspdrdtua`

H rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

H 6 rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslmjh Jspantildea

H 2 rsquo J` Ijhtrm Jspdrdta

H 7 rsquo J` Jspdrdtdslm imlmfi`msmfigravea nj vdna

pjndnmsrjvdstafjjKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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DHFMSLAIDUgraveH T SJYJSVAY5

YJISJ^ASIgraveA AumlIHDIAMSBAHDUA

IMHFJSJHIDAY

T YJLDHASDMY

bull J` Luhnm Dhvdsdc`j

bull Sjbrjsm a `a vdna jspdrdtua`

bull J` laacutes a``aacute nj` sudidna

bull a lotildesdia jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

jqud`dcrdm para j` a`la

bull Jspigraverdtus y su gdstmrda jh `a gulahd-

nan

bull ^jrapda nj` almr

bull Imluhdiaidugraveh imh `ms jspigraverdtus5

ldtms y vjrnanjs

bull Njsvj`ahnm `m dhvdsdc`j (prujcas idjhtigrave-

fiias fi`msugravefiias j gdstugraverdias)

I d ` n d d dc`

a partdidpaidugraveh a jstj jvjhtm jstaacute acdjrta a tmnas aquj``as pjrsmhas dhtjrjsanas

IMHFJSJHIDAH^JY

Ndva`nm [ Frahim - A`frjnm A`mhsm nj `a Fujhtj - A`frjnm

^acujntildea - Vditmr Suahm - Iar`ms Ialpjttd - Euah Ldbuj`

Fjrhaacutehnjz - Eahaigraveha Ldhj``d - Iarljh Iarnmha - Ldbuj`

Vjra - M`ba Mrtdz

6 2 y 7 Ndidjlcrj 31gt

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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33 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY=

Ymh fmrlas lmhmij`u`arjs iasd dhvdsdc`js quj gasta gmypjrsdstjh jh a djrra imlm fi`trms nj jvm`uidugraveh prdlardapasahnm jh jstj mrnjh a `as a`bas vjrnjs p`urdij`u`arjs

Nj `ms mrbahdslms lmhmij`u`arjs a `ms mrbahdslmsimlp`jems imlahnahnm iauml`u`as Jhtrjtahtm njsarrm``a mssjhtdnms5

bull J` taitm imh j` pasm nj` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj pmr`as iauml`u`as hui`jarjs imh sus dlpu`sms aljcdahms

bull a vdsta jh a sjhsdcd`dnan nj` p`asla jh ms ffiabj`mslmhmij`u`arjs jxpujstms a `a i`ardnan sm`ar

bull J` m`fatm jh `ms ahdla`js aiuaacutetdims laacutes sdlp`js jh`ms ialcdms nj alcdjhtj jh quj sj lujvjh

bull J` bustm jh `as p`ahtas prmvdstas nj pj`ms vdsimsmsnjstd`ahnm eubms

bull T j` sjxm jh `as a`bas quj hm sugrave`m pmsjigraveah iauml`u`aslasiu`dhas y fjljhdhas atraigravenas uhas a mtras sdhm talcdaumlh uh jscmzm nj jpdnjrlds sjhsdc`j

frac12Iugravelm ga sdnm gasta agmra a gdstmrda nj a apardidugravehnj jsas ndfjrjhtjs fmrlas nj vdna jh hujstrm p`ahjta=

Jxdstj uha dhtjrjsahtj jstratjbda imlparatdva qujayuna a jhtjhnjr`m ljemr5 js imlpaitar `ms 1 ld`ld``mhjs nj antildems nj jxdstjhida nj` uhdvjrsm imhmidnmnjhtrm nj` pjrigravemnm nj tah sugrave`m uh antildem frac12Iugravelm sjrigravearjnuidna a uh antildem `a gdstmrda nj `a apardidugraveh nj jsasndfjrjhtjs fmrlas nj vdna jh hujstrm p`ahjta=

1 nj jhjrm - fmrlaidugraveh nj` uhdvjrsm a

partdr nj `a ‐brah jxp`msdugravehldquoA prdhidpdms nj laym - fmrlaidugraveh nj

hujstra ba`axda a Vigravea aacuteitja1 nj sjptdjlcrj - surbjh j` sdstjla sm`ar

y `a djrraA fiha`js nj sjptdjlcrj - surbj `a vdna jh

`a djrra[rdljrm nj mitucrj - surbjh caitjrdas y

a`bas uhdij`u`arjs14 nj mitucrj - caitjrdas dhdidah j` prmijsm

nj fmtmsigravehtjsds

3gt nj hmvdjlcrj - surbjh `ms prdljrmssjrjs vdvms uhdij`u`arjs pmsjjnmrjs nj hotildei`jmij`u`ar (juiardmhtjs)

A fiha`js nj hmvdjlcrj - surbjh `msprmijsms sjxua`js jh sjrjs uhdij`u`arjs

1 nj ndidjlcrj - gaij 12 ld``mhjs njantildems

13 nj ndidjlcrj - surbjh `as prdljrasp`ahtas y ahdla`js p`urdij`u`arjs

16 nj ndidjlcrj - sjrjs p`urdij`u`arjs sjjxpahnjh raacutepdnaljhtj jh a djrra

12 nj ndidjlcrj - surbjh `ms prdljrmssjrjs ahdla`js dhvjrtjcranms pmrtanmrjs njiaparazugraveh

3 nj ndidjlcrj - surbjh `ms prdljrmsahdla`js imh im`ulha vjrtjcra`

31 nj ndidjlcrj - surbjh `as prdljras

p`ahtas tjrrjstrjs `ms pjqujntildems ahficdmsacahnmhah ms larjs39 nj ndidjlcrj - surbjh `as sj`vas nj

iarcugraveh ldhjra` y surbjh `ms prdljrms rjptd`js3 nj ndidjlcrj - surbjh ms prjnjijsmrjs

nj ms ndhmsaurdms32 nj ndidjlcrj - sj njsarrm``ah `ms

prdljrms laligravefjrms a partdr nj `ms rjptd`js37 nj ndidjlcrj - surbjh as prdljras avjs34 nj ndidjlcrj - apmbjm nj `ms

ndhmsaurdms

9 nj ndidjlcrj - jxtdhidugraveh nj `ms saurdmsdhdidm nj `a asijhsdugraveh nj `ms laligravefjrms surbjh`ms prdljrms prdlatjs

91 nj ndidjlcrj - surbjh `ms sdldms yahtrmpmdnjs apardidugraveh nj ms prdljrms gmlcrjs

315gt - surbj jh Aacutefrdia j` Austra`mpdtjiusj` prjiursmr nj` gmlcrj gaij 9 ld``mhjs njantildems

335 - usm nj `as prdljras gjrraldjhtas(pmr j` Gmlm gacd`ds `a prdljra jspjidj nj`baumlhjrm gulahm quj vdvdugrave gaij 3 ld``mhjs njantildems

3352 - surbj j` Gmlm jrjitus - gaij 17ld``mhjs nj antildems3956 - surbj j` gmlcrj nj Hjahnjrta` (nj

`a jspjidj Gmlm sapdjhs)39575gt - surbj j` gmlcrj j` Gmlm

sapdjhs sapdjhsFa`tah gt sjbuhnms - haij Ejsotildes3gt5 rsquo agmra

[jrm jhtrjtahtm gay uha jvm`uidugraveh budana figravesdiay lmra` uhms js`acmhjs pjrndnms quj hm gjlmsjhimhtranm pujs hm js uha jvm`uidugraveh quj sj rjnuziaa jstj p`ahjta J` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj para ``jbar a sjrjspigraverdtu pasaraacute pmr mtras jspjidjs pmr mtras fmrlas yvdnas quj aotildeh jstalms `jems nj imhmijr pjrm auh asigrave nj`m quj imhmijlms imhtjlp`alms hm sugrave`m `a jvm`uidugravehnj `as jspjidjs quj imh Narwdh y j` jspigraverdta Susj``Ra``aij fuj imhtjlpmraacutehja a `a puc`diaidugraveh nj J` `dcrmnj `ms Jspigraverdtus Vjlms quj tras tmnm jsj prmijsm gay uhfih y uh njstdhm uh pmr quauml y uh para quauml uh prdhidpdmdhtj`dbjhtj njtraacutes jvm`uidmhahnm irjidjhnm rjpdtdjhnmaprjhndjhnm y jsia`a a jsia`a pmim a pmim ld`jhdm ald`jhdm js ljrjijnmr y imhqudstanmr nj sus `mbrms Ymhya 1 ld` ld``mhjs nj antildems quj j` gmlcrj prjtjhnjldrar pjrm aotildeh hm vj prjtjhnj jxp`diar pjrm aotildeh hm

imlprjhnj pjrm quj rjprjsjhtah `a guj``a dhnj`jc`j njNdms nj `a Jvm`uidugraveh nj` fih imhtuhnjhtj nj larigargaida `a dhtj`dbjhida gaida j` luhnm lmra`

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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39frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

Jh iuahtm a `a rjjhiarhaidugraveh nj `ms ahdla`js sj gaprjbuhtanm a` jspigraverdtu Aacute`varm sd `ms ahdla`js jstac`jijh`azms nuranjrms jhtrj sigrave laquoYigrave ndem auml` jxdstj uha atraiidugraveh

jhtrj ms ahdla`js tahtm jh aquj``ms quj fmrlah brupmsimlm jh aquj``ms quj sj rjjhiarhah ya nmljstdianms[rmiuralms im`miar euhtms jspigraverdtus quj ya imhvdvdjrmh mquj faid`dta a apardidugraveh y a j`acmraidugraveh nj sjhtdldjhtmsiquest

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3gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY=

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`a pjrjza nj` njsaacutehdlm rjsiatarsj pmim a pmim nj susffiaqujzas nj su dbhmrahida ayunahnm a sus sjljeahtjs arjsiatarsj a su vjz arrastrahnm tmnm j` ljndm gulahm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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36 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM

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37 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA

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34DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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93 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

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Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKsjajspdrdtaiml

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bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ialdhm nj uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 Ahtdbua Iarrjtjra nj Lanrdn 3

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta

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A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrDD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

Aacuternua Asijhsdugraveh 13 ₠

Atjhidugraveh (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ialdhm Vjrnan y Vdna - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Iartd``a nj` Cdjh - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Iuahnm Sjbrjsj `a [rdlavjra (Hmrla`) 2 ₠

Iujhtms Jspdrdtdstas 4 ₠

Njsnj a Mtra Vdna gt ₠

Njspdjrtj y Yja Fj`dz - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` A`la js Dhlmrta` 7 ₠

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta 4 ₠

J` Idj`m y j` Dhfijrhm - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Jspigraverdtu nj `a Vjrnan - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` Jvahbj`dm Yjbotildeh j` Jspdrdtdslm -JNDIJD

1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Yjr Yucimhsidjhtj 6 ₠

Jh `m Dhvdsdc`j 7 ₠

Jh `ms Nmldhdms nj `a Ljndulhdnan -JNDIJD

4 ₠

Jhtrj `a djrra y j` Idj`m - JNDIJD 4 ₠Jspdrdtdslm Lmnjrhm OA DJ ODHB - FJJ ₠

Jspdrdtdslm y Jim`mbigravea - JNDIJD 7 ₠

B`msardm Jspigraverdta (Cm`sd``m) 6 ₠

Buigravea [raacuteitdia nj` Jspdrdtdsta - FJJ ₠

Gdphmtdslm y Jspdrdtdslm 7 ₠

Ejsotildes jh j` Gmbar - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Eustdida Ndvdha - JNDIJD 7 ₠

a Baumlhjsds - JNDIJD 1 ₠

a Vdna jh Fald`da gt ₠

dcjraidugraveh - JNDIJD 4 ₠

as Vdnas Yuijsdvas 4 ₠

ms Ljhsaejrms - JNDIJD 7 ₠

ms Lujrtms Ydbujh Vdvdjhnm 6 ₠

Lahms Zhdnas (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljndtaidmhjs (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljlmrdas nj` [anrj Bjrlaacuteh 2 ₠

Ljhsaej nj uh Anm`jsijhtj njsnj j`Luhnm Jspdrdtua` - JNDIJD ₠

Ldsdmhjrms nj `a uz - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Lujrtj js Vdna 6 ₠

Hujstrm Gmbar - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Mcrjrms nj `a Vdna Jtjrha - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[ah Hujstrm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[jhsaldjhtm y Vdna - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Sj`dbdugraveh nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 177 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 174 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Yjntildea` Vjrnj gt ₠

Yjxm y Njstdhm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Ydjlcra nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Yuc`dlj Jxpdaidugraveh - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Vdna Fj`dz - JNDIJD 2 ₠

Lm`njahnm j` ^jrijr Ld`jhdm - Vdna yMcra nj Ndva`nm [ Frahim

1 ₠

Vdna y Yjxm - JNDIJD 6 ₠

T `a Vdna Imhtdhotildeahellip JNDIJD 7 ₠

dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ

Ugraverbahm jndtmrda` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a sdh aacutehdlm nj `uirm quj rjdhvdjrtj jh j` prmpdm

`dcrm jspigraverdta Yj gaijh jhvigravems imhtra rjjlcm`sm Gaba su pjndnm prjfjrdc`jljhtj pmr imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim adhfmKjspdrdtdslmii m pmr tj`aumlfmhm5 636 911 771

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Vdna ahtjs nj `a Vdna

Jhtrjvdsta a Iar`msSmcjrtm Ialpjttd

Jhfjrljnanjs nj` a`la[aacutebdha 1gt

Jvdnjhidas Idjhtigravefiias a favmr nj`a Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna [aacutebdha 3

[`ahjaldjhtm rjjhiarhatmrdm[aacutebdha 13

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐ms Gdems nj` Ayjrldquo

[aacutebdha 37

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 3bull Jndidugraveh Mitucrj 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

1 antildems nj J` `dcrm nj `ms laumlnduls

Jhtrjvdsta a` LaumlndulNdva`nm Frahim

Ljndulhdnan nj jfjitms figravesdims[aacutebdha 1gt

^rahsimluhdiaidugraveh dhstruljhta`[aacutebdha 3

Fmrlaidugraveh nj` Laumlndul[aacutebdha 13

Jspdrdtdslm jh a dtjratura

[aacutebdha 37

frac12Ejsotildes jra laumlndul=[aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 1bull Jndidugraveh Eu`dm 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Jspdrdtdslm imlm fi`msmfigravea nj vdna

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm57bull Jndidugravehacrd`31gtbull [rjidm59

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm52bull JndidugravehMitucrj 319bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

ms Ijhtrms jspdrdtdstas njcjh sjr`a iaacutetjnra nj` Jspigraverdtu nj Vjrnan

QZAuml JY J JY[DSD^DYLM=

DH^SMNZIIDUgraveHA IMHMIDLDJH^M NJ LZHNM DHVDYDCJ

[MS AY LAHDFJY^AIDMHJY NJ MY JY[IgraveSD^ZY

Imhtdjhj j` rjsuljh nj ms prdhidpdms nj a nmitrdha jspdrdtdsta y as rjs-pujstas a as prdhidpa`js mcejidmhjs

pmr

A``ah - Oarnjiautmr nj` dcrm nj ms jspigraverdtus y nj` dcrm nj ms Ljnduls

JNDIDUgraveH JIMHUgraveLDIA

[rjidm 3 rja`js

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh Jspantildea

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm56bull JndidugravehEu`dm319bull[rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5bull JndidugravehLarzm319bull [rjidm59₠

nj a FJJ

Jspdrdtdslm jh j` luhnm[aacutebdha 37

[rjiursmrjs nj` Jspdrdtdslm[aacutebdha 6

Artgur Imhah Nmy`j[aacutebdha 32

Idjhtigravefiims jspigraverdtas nj`sdb`m WDW [aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a rjvj`aidugraveh jspigraverdtay A``ah Oarnji [aacutebdha 17

a SjvujYpdrdtj [aacutebdha 3

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

a Vdna jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

[sdim`mbigravea jh j` laacutes a``aacute[aacutebdha 1gt

Aacutehbj`js BuarndahjsJspigraverdtus [rm-tjitmrjsFald`darjs y Ydlpaacutetdims

[aacutebdha 32[jrdjspigraverdtu

[aacutebdha 33

ms Yujntildems Jspdrdtua`js[aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐HMYYM ASldquo

Jhtrjvdsta aYahtdaba Hmbujrm [aacutebdha 1

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5gtbull JndidugravehYjptdjlcrj 313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

^rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

a vdna jtjrha[aacutebdha 1

^rahsdidugraveh p`ahjtarda[aacutebdha 37

[`ura`dnan nj luhnms gacdtanms[aacutebdha 39

Jvm`uidugraveh gdstugraverdia nj` pjhsaldjh-tm jspdrdtua` [aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Jhtrjvdsta

Cdmbrafigravea

a Larigravea nj `aBraida nj Jh-

njr [aacutebdha 12

aumlmh Njhds[aacutebdha 7

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm59bull JndidugravehLarzm313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

[jtdidugraveh nj hotildeljrms ahtjrdmrjs5

H 1 rsquo 1 Antildems nj` ‐dcrm nj`ms Laumlndulsldquo

H 3 rsquo Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna

H 9 rsquo rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

H gt rsquo a Vdna jh j` luhnmjspdrdtua`

H rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

H 6 rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslmjh Jspantildea

H 2 rsquo J` Ijhtrm Jspdrdta

H 7 rsquo J` Jspdrdtdslm imlmfi`msmfigravea nj vdna

pjndnmsrjvdstafjjKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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DHFMSLAIDUgraveH T SJYJSVAY5

YJISJ^ASIgraveA AumlIHDIAMSBAHDUA

IMHFJSJHIDAY

T YJLDHASDMY

bull J` Luhnm Dhvdsdc`j

bull Sjbrjsm a `a vdna jspdrdtua`

bull J` laacutes a``aacute nj` sudidna

bull a lotildesdia jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

jqud`dcrdm para j` a`la

bull Jspigraverdtus y su gdstmrda jh `a gulahd-

nan

bull ^jrapda nj` almr

bull Imluhdiaidugraveh imh `ms jspigraverdtus5

ldtms y vjrnanjs

bull Njsvj`ahnm `m dhvdsdc`j (prujcas idjhtigrave-

fiias fi`msugravefiias j gdstugraverdias)

I d ` n d d dc`

a partdidpaidugraveh a jstj jvjhtm jstaacute acdjrta a tmnas aquj``as pjrsmhas dhtjrjsanas

IMHFJSJHIDAH^JY

Ndva`nm [ Frahim - A`frjnm A`mhsm nj `a Fujhtj - A`frjnm

^acujntildea - Vditmr Suahm - Iar`ms Ialpjttd - Euah Ldbuj`

Fjrhaacutehnjz - Eahaigraveha Ldhj``d - Iarljh Iarnmha - Ldbuj`

Vjra - M`ba Mrtdz

6 2 y 7 Ndidjlcrj 31gt

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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39frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

Jh iuahtm a `a rjjhiarhaidugraveh nj `ms ahdla`js sj gaprjbuhtanm a` jspigraverdtu Aacute`varm sd `ms ahdla`js jstac`jijh`azms nuranjrms jhtrj sigrave laquoYigrave ndem auml` jxdstj uha atraiidugraveh

jhtrj ms ahdla`js tahtm jh aquj``ms quj fmrlah brupmsimlm jh aquj``ms quj sj rjjhiarhah ya nmljstdianms[rmiuralms im`miar euhtms jspigraverdtus quj ya imhvdvdjrmh mquj faid`dta a apardidugraveh y a j`acmraidugraveh nj sjhtdldjhtmsiquest

ms ahdla`js irjah `azms afjitdvms hm sugrave`m jhtrj sigravesdhm talcdaumlh imh `ms sjrjs gulahms nj jsm tjhjlmsprujcas tmnms `ms nigraveas Igdim Wavdjr pmsjigravea uh pjrrm njhmlcrj Nmh [jnrdtm a` quj qujrigravea luigm Nmh [jnrdtmfuj atrmpj``anm y lurdugrave para njsimhsuj`m nj Igdim Zh tdjlpm njspuaumls Igdim ahnaca pmr `a ia``j iuahnm sjndm iujhta quj `j pjrsjbuigravea uh pjrrdtm Yj `j aparjijjhtmhijs Jllahuj` j` ljhtmr nj` laumlndul quj `j ndij5laquoIgdim jspjra y figraveeatj jh jstj pjrrdtm iexclJs Nmh [jnrdtmquj vuj`vj a tdiquest Igdim rjimbdugrave afjitumsaljhtj a`pjrrdtm y `j ndm j` hmlcrj nj Crdhqudhgm ms ldaumlrim`jsimhfmrlj iujhta Igdim ldjhtras auml` dca a rjidcdr ljhsaejsCrdhqudhgm aparjiigravea pmr a``igrave Bm`pjaca a pujr ta jspjracaa quj Igdim `a acrdjra y sj tulcaca qudjtjidtm ldjhtrasj` tracaem nj psdimbrafigravea sj njsarrm``aca Iuahnm tmnmfiha`dzaca Crdhqudhgm sj `jvahtaca y abuarnaca a qujIgdim acrdjra `a pujrta

frac12[mr quauml jxdstjh `ms ahdla`js=

a latjrda imlpartj imh j` [rdhidpdm Dhtj`dbjhtj sujvm`uidugraveh a vjrnan js dhjxmrac`j5 iexclsmlms hmsmtrms quj

ya jxdstdlms jh j``ms Hm gay ahdla`js pmr uh `anm yhmsmtrms sjrjs gulahms pmr mtrm Ymlms tmnms jspigraverdtusjh `a vdvjhida nj `ms dhfihdtms jsia`mhjs nj` prmijsmjvm`utdvm nj` iua` `ms sjrjs gulahms nj jstj igravehfilmp`ahjta pmr luigm quj su prjtjhsdugraveh asigrave `m njsjj hmrjprjsjhtah j` puhtm fiha`

Jh j` `dcrm Ljlmrdas nj` [anrj Bjrlaacuteh nj Ala`daNmldhbm Ym`jr sj ga``a rjbdstrana `a `ja`tan nj mtrmpjrrm Yu`taacuteh quj nurahtj antildems aimlpantildeugrave a` panrjBjrlaacuteh jh tmnas `as aitdvdnanjs Js anldrac`j j` lmnmimlm j` panrj Bjrlaacuteh sj rjfijrj a` pjrrm5

laquorsquo iexclAg Yu`taacuteh Yu`taacuteh iexclquauml gjrlmsa dhtj`dbjhida

pmsjigraveas iexclIuaacutehta njndiaidugraveh tj ljrjiigravea ld pjrsmha iexcl^jpjrnigrave y pjrnigrave jh td ld ljemr aldbm Mtrmra iuahnm ljrjimbigravea jh ld igmza iuahnm prmstjrhanm ahtj j` mratmrdmrjzaca imh aacutebrdlas iuahnm aljhtaca as pjrsjiuidmhjsquj sufrigravea jra auml` qudjh lj jsiuigaca jstaacutetdim sdh huhiaacurrdrsj imh ld imlpantildeigravea Yu ldrana cusiaca sdjlprj`a ligravea y iuahnm jh as pujrtas nj a lujrtj m vd rji`dhar`a iacjza jh lds rmnd``as cusiar j` ia`mr nj ld iujrpm fujiuahnm jh su ldrana sj jxtdhbudugrave a `ala ldstjrdmsa qujarnj jh tmnms `ms sjrjs nj `a Irjaidugravehiquest

[jrm jsa ``ala ldstjrdmsa quj arnj jh tmnms `mssjrjs nj `a Irjaidugraveh hm sj jxtdhbuj sugrave`m sj tras`ana

smcrjvdvj a `a lujrtj sj jhsaya jh `a vdna y anqudjrjjh j` gmlcrj j` prdhidpdm nj `a vdna lmra` Jsa larigaimhtdhua smljtdna a `as `jyjs nj` prmbrjsm `j imhnuidraacute

a `a sacdnurigravea a` Almr a` Jspigraverdtu [urm

J` a`la ndedlms vdjhj nj Ndms Js jh hmsmtrms j`prdhidpdm nj a dhtj`dbjhida y nj `a vdna Jsjhida ldstjrdmsa

jsiapa a` ahaacute`dsds imlm tmnm iuahtm ndlaha nj` Acsm`utmIrjana pmr almr irjana para alar tah dhsdbhdfiiahtj qujpujnj sjr jhijrrana jh uha fmrla imcarnj y fraacutebd` tahbrahnj quj imh uh dlpu`sm nj su pjhsaldjhtm acariaj` Dhfihdtm j` a`la js uha partigraveiu`a nj `a jsjhida ndvdhaprmyjitana a` luhnm latjrda` Njsnj `a gmra jh qujiayugrave jh `a latjrda gjlms imhtjlp`anm j` ialdhm qujsdbudugrave para rjlmhtar gasta j` puhtm aitua` nj su iarrjra[rjidsugrave pasar pmr vigraveas msiuras rjvjstdr fmrlas ahdlarmrbahdslms quj njeaca a` sa`dr nj iana jxdstjhida imlmsj gaij imh uh vjstuardm dhotildetd` ^mnms jstms iujrpms njiarhj pjrjidjrmh j` smp`m nj `ms njstdhms `js ndspjrsugrave`as ijhdzas Las j` a`la pjrsdstj y pjrlahjij jh supjrpjtudnan prmsdbuj su lariga asijhnjhtj rjimrrj asdhhuljrac`js jstaidmhjs nj su vdaej y sj ndrdbj gaida uhfih brahnj y apjtjidc`j uh fih quj js `a pjrfjiidugraveh J`a`la imhtdjhj jh jstanm vdrtua` tmnms `ms baumlrljhjs njsu njsarrm``m futurm Jstaacute njstdhana a imhmijr anqudrdr ypmsjjr tmnm [ara rja`dzar sus fihjs tdjhj quj rjimrrjr jhj` tdjlpm y j` jspaidm uh ialpm sdh `igraveldtjs

J` mcejtdvm nj a jvm`uidugraveh a razugraveh nj sjr nj a vdnahm js `a fj`didnan tjrrjstrj imlm luigms jrrugravehjaljhtjirjjh y sigrave j` pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm nj iana uhm nj hmsmtrmsT jsj pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm njcjlms rja`dzar`m pmr ljndmnj` tracaem nj` jsfujrzm nj tmnas `as a`tjrhatdvas nj `aa`jbrigravea y nj` nm`mr gasta quj hms gayalms njsarrm``anmimlp`jtaljhtj y j`jvanm a` jstanm ij`jstj J` nm`mrfigravesdim y lmra` fmrla hujstra jxpjrdjhida a sacdnurigravea jsj` prjldm [mim a pmim j` a`la sj j`jva y imhfmrlj vasucdjhnm jh j``a sj va aiulu`ahnm uha sula sdjlprjirjidjhtj nj sacjr y vdr tun sj sdjhtj laacutes jstrjigaljhtjuhdna a sus sjljeahtjs sj imluhdia laacutes igravehtdlaljhtjimh su ljndm smida` y p`ahjtardm J`jvaacutehnmsj iana vjz laacuteshm tarna jh uhdrsj pmr `azms pueahtjs a as smidjnanjs nj`Jspaidm y njspuaumls a` Yjr Zhdvjrsa`

Asigrave `a vdna nj` sjr imhsidjhtj js uha vdna njsm`dnardnan y `dcjrtan dcrj njhtrm nj `ms `igraveldtjs quj `j

sjntildea`ah `as `jyjs jtjrhas sj imhstdtuyj jh arqudtjitm njsu njstdhm Yu anj`ahtaldjhtm js mcra suya Hdhbuhafata`dnan `m mprdlj sa`vm `a nj sus prmpdms aitms iuyasimhsjiujhidas rjiajh jh auml` las hm pujnj njsarrm``arsjy ljnrar sdhm jh a vdna im`jitdva imh j` rjiursm nj ianauhm y jh prmvjigm nj tmnms Iuahtm laacutes sucj tahtmlaacutes sj sdjhtj vdvdr y sufrdr jh tmnms y pmr tmnms Jh `ahjijsdnan nj j`jvarsj a sigrave ldslm atraj a sigrave para gaijr`ms``jbar a` jstanm jspdrdtua` a tmnms ms sjrjs gulahms qujpujc`ah `ms luhnms nmhnj vdvdjra Qudjrj gaijr pmrj``ms `m quj pmr auml` gdidjrah sus gjrlahms laacutes vdjems `msbrahnjs Jspigraverdtus quj `m budarah jh su lariga

a latjrda js j` mcstaacuteiu`m otildetd` prmvmia j` jsfujrzmy njsarrm``a `a vm`uhtan imhtrdcuyj para `a asijhsdugraveh nj`ms sjrjs dlpmhdaumlhnm`js hjijsdnanjs quj `ms mc`dbah

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY=

a tracaear frac12Iugravelm sdh j` nm`mr gacrigravealms nj imhmijr`a a`jbrigravea sdh `a smlcra aprjidar `a `uz sdh `a prdvaidugravehsacmrjar j` cdjh anqudrdnm a satdsfaiidugraveh a`iahzana= Aquigravejstaacute `a razugraveh nj` pmr quauml jhimhtralms ndfiiu`tanjs nj tmna sujrtj jh hmsmtrms y a hujstrm a`rjnjnmr

Js `a `jy nj` jsfujrzm `jy suprjla pmr `a iua` j` sjrsj afirla trduhfa y sj njsarrm``a js `a labhigravefiia jpmpjyanj `a Gdstmrda `a `uiga jxtjrdmr quj ``jha j` luhnm a`uiga dhfjrdmr hm js ljhms imhlmvjnmra Iana vjz qujrjhaij tjhnraacute j` Jspigraverdtu quj aimlmnar anjiuar j` hujvmjhvm`tmrdm latjrda` quj `j va a sjrvdr nj lmrana y gaijrnj auml` uh dhstruljhtm iapaz nj tranuidr nj jxprjsar `asimhijpidmhjs nj su bjhdm A pjsar nj as njijpidmhjs nj`as njrrmtas a travaumls nj as jxdstjhidas rjhmvanas j` a`laimhsdbuj njsarrm``ar sus j`jvanas faiu`tanjs

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3frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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36 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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32CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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37 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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34DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Qujrdnm `jitmr jh jsta rjffijxdugraveh jhimhtralms uhparandbla jvm`utdvm quj jstaacute rjspa`nanm jh uha razugravehdhnunac`j5 iexcl[rmbrjsalms sdjlprj Aprmvjigjlms pujs mslmljhtms nj jsta rjjhiarhaidugraveh mcsjrvahnm nmldharhujstrms dhstdhtms ahdla`js a` fiha` iarbalms uha iarbafi`mbjhaumltdia nj `as jxpjrdjhidas nj` pasanm sdh tjhjr qujvm`vjr a j``as T imlm Oarnji ndem laquo`a ljtjlpsdimsds imlm`a jhtdjhnjh hm js vjrnanjraiquest9

( ranuiidugraveh nj m`a Bariigravea)

iexcl[rmbrjsalms sdjlprj Aprmvjigjlms

pujs `ms lmljhtms nj jstarjjhiarhaidugraveh mcsjrvahnm nmldharhujstrms dhstdhtms ahdla`js

9 Oarnji A``ah M dvrm nms Jspigraverdtms [rjbuhta 611 Jndidugraveh Mh`dhj FJC3 Oarnji A``ah M dvrm nms Jspigraverdtms [rjbuhta 619 Jndidugraveh Mh`dhj FJC

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3236

93 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

bull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aRjc5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjs

FaijCmmo5 wwwjspdrdtdslmiifaijcmmo

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`f5 +9gt 636 911 771

A`diahtjbull Ymidjnan Jspdrdtdsta A`diahtdhaNdrjiidugraveh5 I Cazaacuteh 3-3micro 91 A`diahtjRjc5 wwwsjajspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKsjajspdrdtaiml

^j`f5 +9gt 676 43 gt1

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta a uz nj` IaldhmNdrjiidugraveh5 Apartanm nj Imrrjms hmicro 122

99 bull Mrdguj`a (ADIAH^J)Rjc5 www`a`uznj`ialdhmiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 brupmjspdrdtaK`a`uznj`ialdhmiml ^j`f5 +9gt 46 964 1 rsquo +9gt 66 7gt4 627

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta a uz nj` [mrvjhdr Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Laumlndim `jnugrave 7 Caem - Apartanm 7

999 bull Irjvd``jhtj (ADIAH^J)Rjc5 www`a`uznj`pmrvjhdroarnjijs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 eahalmsomljhsoy143162Kblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 61 66 477

bull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms JspigraverdtasCjzjrra nj Ljhjzjs

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Cjhaiahtd` 2 - a Lata mrrjvdjea917 bull mrrjvdjea (ADIAH^J)

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ejsus211461Kyagmmjs

^j`f5 +9gt 61 6gt 364bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj CjhdnmrlNdrjiidugraveh5 I ^mlaacutes nj Mrtuntildem 4gt-3microA

91 bull Cjhdnmrl (ADIAH^J)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5ijhtrmjspdrdtacjhdnmrlKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 624 497 42

Carij`mhabull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj Dbua`anaNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Iarljh H 19- 1micro- 3ordf 72 bull Dbua`ana (CASIJMHA)Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsdbua`ana

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5jstundmsjspdrdtasdbua`anaKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 497 9 gt1 rsquo +9gt 64 1 3gt6

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ala`da Nmldhbm Ym`jr Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Vjhtura [`aea 1 - caems Ljtrm - Cana` 737 Carij`mhaRjc5 wwwijansoarnjijs Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijansKmhmiml ^j`f5 +9gt 66 913 672

Idunan Sja`bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Almr Fratjrhm Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Fjrrmiarrd` 22 196 bull A`iaacutezar nj Yah Euah (IDZNAN SJA)

Rjc5 wwwijalmrfratjrhmjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijhtrmjspdrdtaalmrfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 436 11 296

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ialdhm nj uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 Ahtdbua Iarrjtjra nj Lanrdn 3

193 bull Lahzaharjs (IDZNAN SJA)Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsijialdhmnj`uz Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijialdhmnj`uzKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 436 63 372 rsquo +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ejsotildes nj Hazarjt Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ymiuj``alms 2 192 bull mlj``msm (IDZNAN SJA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 larda`udsa436Kgmtlad`iml

^j`f +9gt 64 62 29

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Yah Iar`ms nj` Va``jNdrjiidugraveh5 I Salugraveh y Iaea` 12 193gt2 bull Yah Iar`ms nj` Va``j (IDZNAN SJA)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsajsiva

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijsva``jKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 436 69 7

Iugravernmcabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Almr y [rmbrjsmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Emsauml Mrtjba y Bassjt 4 1gt bull Lmhtd``a (IUgraveSNMCA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 almryprmbrjsmKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 42 6gt 921 rsquo +9gt 616 13 gt3

bull Fratjrhdnan Jspigraverdta Emsauml BrmssmNdrjiidugraveh5 IAhtmhdm Laura 3 9micro N

1gt bull IugravernmcaImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 fratjrhdnanemsjbrmssmKblad`iml

Rjc5 wwwimrnmcajspdrdtajs ^j`f5 9gt 42 396 gt39 rsquo 9gt 42 73

Ds`as Ca`jarjsbull Ijhtrm Jspdrdta Jllahuj`Ndrjiidugraveh5 mlaacutes Abud`ugrave Fmrtjza 93 211bull [a`la nj La``mria (DYAY CAJASJY)

Rjc5 wwwijhtrmjspdrdtajllahuj`ndvu`baidmhmrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijhtrmjspdrdtajllahuj`Kgmtlad`iml

j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 421 376 174 rsquo +9gt 694 316 gtgt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ds`as Ca`jarjs (IJDC)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a ^rmcana gt7 a-c

211bull [a`la nj La``mria (DYAY CAJASJY)

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijdcKijdcjs

Rjc5 wwwijdcjs

^j`f5 +9gt 62 47 7gt

aumlrdnabull Assmidaidugrave Jspigraverdta Mtus d Haumlral (AJMH)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Bjrlaha Ljriccedil Yahtaiaha 19 39 bull eumlrrjba (AumlSDNA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mtusdhjralKblad`iml

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsmtusdhjral ^j`f5 9gt 429 911 324

Lanrdnbull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj LanrdnNdrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a Cm`sa 1gt - 1micro niga

3713 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwjspdrdtaslanrdniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtaslanrdnKtj`jfmhdiahjt

Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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99Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta Frahidsim nj Asigraves nj`a Ydjrra

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a Iantildeana Sja` 33 1micro C37gt Im``anm Vd``a`ca (LANSDN)

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 f rahidsimnjasdsnj`asdjrraKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 627 16 441

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Jhtrj j` Idj`m y `a djrraNdrjiidugraveh5 Avna nj Lanrdn 34 `mia` 3767 bull Yah Lartigraveh nj Va`njdb`jsdas (LANSDN)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsjhtrjj`idj`my`atdjrra

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mab`dmKarraodsjs ^j`f5 +9gt 627 662 319 rsquo +9gt 627 662 313

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ljhsaejrms nj `a uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lanjra 1 - Caem

37gt bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwitvjsZYJSYijlj`gmljgtl

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijlj`lanrdnKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 9gt 41 976 3 77 rsquo 9gt 41 91gt 7 17bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms y Ndvu`baidugraveh

Jspigraverdta (IJTNJ)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lmhtjra 1-13 3ordf [`ahta - Hmicro 9 3719 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwijynjlanrdnmrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5aurmravaziaca``jrmKgmtlad`iml

ijynjlanrdnKyagmmjs

^j`f5 9gt 41 37 gt 71 rsquo +9gt 672 446 79

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundm Jspigraverdta jugraveh NjhdsNdrjiidugraveh5 Cmhjtjrm 9 ljtrm [dm WDD 3716 bull Lanrdn

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 `jmhnjhdsijKblad`imlRjc5 www`jmhnjhdsjs - wwwc`mb`jmhnjhdsjs

Laacute`ababull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas A``ah OarnjiNdrjiidugraveh5 I Gaumlrmjs nj Ymstma 29 J-1micro

343 bull Laacute`abaRjc5 wwwjndtmrajspdrdtaa``ahoarnjijs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 a`cmrahjndtmraKmhmiml

^j`f5 9gt 43 397 67 rsquo +9gt 62 7 32

Luridabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Sjidhtm nj [az Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a [az1 1micro N ([atdntildem) 913 LuridaRjc5 wwwijrjidhtmnjpazjs

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijrjidhtmnjpazKrjidhtmnjpazjs

ldbuj`ldvjbaKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 664 96 14

[mhtjvjnrabull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta [az Arlmhigravea y Iardnan

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Sotildea [jhds 31 - 1micro Niga 9631 bull Vdbm ([MH^JVJNSA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijpazarlmhdalmryiardnanKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 +9gt 61 7gt 136

Yjvd``abull Asmidaidugraveh Ijhtrm nj Jstundms

Jspigraverdtas nj Yjvd``aNdrjiidugraveh5 [rmspjrdnan 9 rdaha gt11 bull Yjvd``a

Rjc5 wwwjspdrdtassjvd``ajsImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 bjhmvjvala``mKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 4gt 379 7 rsquo +9gt 6 gt71 794

bull Brupm Jspigraverdta Hujvm Alahjijr Emahha nj Ahbj`ds

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ndjbm [ujrta 1 Jsi 9gt 2 A gt14 bull Yjvd``aRjc5 wwwhujvmalahjijrjspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtashujvmalahjijrKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 + 9gt 62 44 462 - + 9gt 62 44 46

^arrabmhabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Emahha nj Ahbj`dsNdrjiidugraveh5 [ucd`` Mrdm` 33

gt931 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 422 9gt6 16gt rsquo +9gt 63 gt61 67gt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Lahuj` y Ndva`nmNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Vdjhtm gt93 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)Rjc5 wwwijlyniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ar`dhbbKyagmmjs ^j`f5 +9gt 676 gt4 2gt6

Va`jhida

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Va`jhida Gmbar FratjrhmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Vd``ahujva nj Iastj``ugraveh 33 gt64 bull Va`jhidaRjc5 wwwasjsvamrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 gmbarfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 469 3 46 7

IJH^SMY JY[IgraveSD^AY MHDHJbull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aNdrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat (uhjs Ldaumlrim`js y Eujvjs 33g9)

Rjc5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`jfmhm5 +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas ‐YdhFrmhtjrasldquo

Ndrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat(Nmldhbms 31g)

Rjc5 gttp5ijjsdhfrmhtjrasjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijjsdhfrmhtjrasKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta

Abjhna Irdstdaha - JNDIJD gt ₠

A`cmrana Irdstdaha (Ljndahm) gt ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrDD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

Aacuternua Asijhsdugraveh 13 ₠

Atjhidugraveh (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ialdhm Vjrnan y Vdna - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Iartd``a nj` Cdjh - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Iuahnm Sjbrjsj `a [rdlavjra (Hmrla`) 2 ₠

Iujhtms Jspdrdtdstas 4 ₠

Njsnj a Mtra Vdna gt ₠

Njspdjrtj y Yja Fj`dz - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` A`la js Dhlmrta` 7 ₠

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta 4 ₠

J` Idj`m y j` Dhfijrhm - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Jspigraverdtu nj `a Vjrnan - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` Jvahbj`dm Yjbotildeh j` Jspdrdtdslm -JNDIJD

1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Yjr Yucimhsidjhtj 6 ₠

Jh `m Dhvdsdc`j 7 ₠

Jh `ms Nmldhdms nj `a Ljndulhdnan -JNDIJD

4 ₠

Jhtrj `a djrra y j` Idj`m - JNDIJD 4 ₠Jspdrdtdslm Lmnjrhm OA DJ ODHB - FJJ ₠

Jspdrdtdslm y Jim`mbigravea - JNDIJD 7 ₠

B`msardm Jspigraverdta (Cm`sd``m) 6 ₠

Buigravea [raacuteitdia nj` Jspdrdtdsta - FJJ ₠

Gdphmtdslm y Jspdrdtdslm 7 ₠

Ejsotildes jh j` Gmbar - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Eustdida Ndvdha - JNDIJD 7 ₠

a Baumlhjsds - JNDIJD 1 ₠

a Vdna jh Fald`da gt ₠

dcjraidugraveh - JNDIJD 4 ₠

as Vdnas Yuijsdvas 4 ₠

ms Ljhsaejrms - JNDIJD 7 ₠

ms Lujrtms Ydbujh Vdvdjhnm 6 ₠

Lahms Zhdnas (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljndtaidmhjs (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljlmrdas nj` [anrj Bjrlaacuteh 2 ₠

Ljhsaej nj uh Anm`jsijhtj njsnj j`Luhnm Jspdrdtua` - JNDIJD ₠

Ldsdmhjrms nj `a uz - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Lujrtj js Vdna 6 ₠

Hujstrm Gmbar - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Mcrjrms nj `a Vdna Jtjrha - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[ah Hujstrm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[jhsaldjhtm y Vdna - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Sj`dbdugraveh nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 177 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 174 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Yjntildea` Vjrnj gt ₠

Yjxm y Njstdhm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Ydjlcra nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Yuc`dlj Jxpdaidugraveh - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Vdna Fj`dz - JNDIJD 2 ₠

Lm`njahnm j` ^jrijr Ld`jhdm - Vdna yMcra nj Ndva`nm [ Frahim

1 ₠

Vdna y Yjxm - JNDIJD 6 ₠

T `a Vdna Imhtdhotildeahellip JNDIJD 7 ₠

dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ

Ugraverbahm jndtmrda` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a sdh aacutehdlm nj `uirm quj rjdhvdjrtj jh j` prmpdm

`dcrm jspigraverdta Yj gaijh jhvigravems imhtra rjjlcm`sm Gaba su pjndnm prjfjrdc`jljhtj pmr imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim adhfmKjspdrdtdslmii m pmr tj`aumlfmhm5 636 911 771

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Vdna ahtjs nj `a Vdna

Jhtrjvdsta a Iar`msSmcjrtm Ialpjttd

Jhfjrljnanjs nj` a`la[aacutebdha 1gt

Jvdnjhidas Idjhtigravefiias a favmr nj`a Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna [aacutebdha 3

[`ahjaldjhtm rjjhiarhatmrdm[aacutebdha 13

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐ms Gdems nj` Ayjrldquo

[aacutebdha 37

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 3bull Jndidugraveh Mitucrj 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

1 antildems nj J` `dcrm nj `ms laumlnduls

Jhtrjvdsta a` LaumlndulNdva`nm Frahim

Ljndulhdnan nj jfjitms figravesdims[aacutebdha 1gt

^rahsimluhdiaidugraveh dhstruljhta`[aacutebdha 3

Fmrlaidugraveh nj` Laumlndul[aacutebdha 13

Jspdrdtdslm jh a dtjratura

[aacutebdha 37

frac12Ejsotildes jra laumlndul=[aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 1bull Jndidugraveh Eu`dm 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Jspdrdtdslm imlm fi`msmfigravea nj vdna

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm57bull Jndidugravehacrd`31gtbull [rjidm59

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm52bull JndidugravehMitucrj 319bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

ms Ijhtrms jspdrdtdstas njcjh sjr`a iaacutetjnra nj` Jspigraverdtu nj Vjrnan

QZAuml JY J JY[DSD^DYLM=

DH^SMNZIIDUgraveHA IMHMIDLDJH^M NJ LZHNM DHVDYDCJ

[MS AY LAHDFJY^AIDMHJY NJ MY JY[IgraveSD^ZY

Imhtdjhj j` rjsuljh nj ms prdhidpdms nj a nmitrdha jspdrdtdsta y as rjs-pujstas a as prdhidpa`js mcejidmhjs

pmr

A``ah - Oarnjiautmr nj` dcrm nj ms jspigraverdtus y nj` dcrm nj ms Ljnduls

JNDIDUgraveH JIMHUgraveLDIA

[rjidm 3 rja`js

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh Jspantildea

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm56bull JndidugravehEu`dm319bull[rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5bull JndidugravehLarzm319bull [rjidm59₠

nj a FJJ

Jspdrdtdslm jh j` luhnm[aacutebdha 37

[rjiursmrjs nj` Jspdrdtdslm[aacutebdha 6

Artgur Imhah Nmy`j[aacutebdha 32

Idjhtigravefiims jspigraverdtas nj`sdb`m WDW [aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a rjvj`aidugraveh jspigraverdtay A``ah Oarnji [aacutebdha 17

a SjvujYpdrdtj [aacutebdha 3

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

a Vdna jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

[sdim`mbigravea jh j` laacutes a``aacute[aacutebdha 1gt

Aacutehbj`js BuarndahjsJspigraverdtus [rm-tjitmrjsFald`darjs y Ydlpaacutetdims

[aacutebdha 32[jrdjspigraverdtu

[aacutebdha 33

ms Yujntildems Jspdrdtua`js[aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐HMYYM ASldquo

Jhtrjvdsta aYahtdaba Hmbujrm [aacutebdha 1

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5gtbull JndidugravehYjptdjlcrj 313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

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^rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

a vdna jtjrha[aacutebdha 1

^rahsdidugraveh p`ahjtarda[aacutebdha 37

[`ura`dnan nj luhnms gacdtanms[aacutebdha 39

Jvm`uidugraveh gdstugraverdia nj` pjhsaldjh-tm jspdrdtua` [aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Jhtrjvdsta

Cdmbrafigravea

a Larigravea nj `aBraida nj Jh-

njr [aacutebdha 12

aumlmh Njhds[aacutebdha 7

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm59bull JndidugravehLarzm313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

[jtdidugraveh nj hotildeljrms ahtjrdmrjs5

H 1 rsquo 1 Antildems nj` ‐dcrm nj`ms Laumlndulsldquo

H 3 rsquo Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna

H 9 rsquo rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

H gt rsquo a Vdna jh j` luhnmjspdrdtua`

H rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

H 6 rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslmjh Jspantildea

H 2 rsquo J` Ijhtrm Jspdrdta

H 7 rsquo J` Jspdrdtdslm imlmfi`msmfigravea nj vdna

pjndnmsrjvdstafjjKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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DHFMSLAIDUgraveH T SJYJSVAY5

YJISJ^ASIgraveA AumlIHDIAMSBAHDUA

IMHFJSJHIDAY

T YJLDHASDMY

bull J` Luhnm Dhvdsdc`j

bull Sjbrjsm a `a vdna jspdrdtua`

bull J` laacutes a``aacute nj` sudidna

bull a lotildesdia jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

jqud`dcrdm para j` a`la

bull Jspigraverdtus y su gdstmrda jh `a gulahd-

nan

bull ^jrapda nj` almr

bull Imluhdiaidugraveh imh `ms jspigraverdtus5

ldtms y vjrnanjs

bull Njsvj`ahnm `m dhvdsdc`j (prujcas idjhtigrave-

fiias fi`msugravefiias j gdstugraverdias)

I d ` n d d dc`

a partdidpaidugraveh a jstj jvjhtm jstaacute acdjrta a tmnas aquj``as pjrsmhas dhtjrjsanas

IMHFJSJHIDAH^JY

Ndva`nm [ Frahim - A`frjnm A`mhsm nj `a Fujhtj - A`frjnm

^acujntildea - Vditmr Suahm - Iar`ms Ialpjttd - Euah Ldbuj`

Fjrhaacutehnjz - Eahaigraveha Ldhj``d - Iarljh Iarnmha - Ldbuj`

Vjra - M`ba Mrtdz

6 2 y 7 Ndidjlcrj 31gt

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY=

a tracaear frac12Iugravelm sdh j` nm`mr gacrigravealms nj imhmijr`a a`jbrigravea sdh `a smlcra aprjidar `a `uz sdh `a prdvaidugravehsacmrjar j` cdjh anqudrdnm a satdsfaiidugraveh a`iahzana= Aquigravejstaacute `a razugraveh nj` pmr quauml jhimhtralms ndfiiu`tanjs nj tmna sujrtj jh hmsmtrms y a hujstrm a`rjnjnmr

Js `a `jy nj` jsfujrzm `jy suprjla pmr `a iua` j` sjrsj afirla trduhfa y sj njsarrm``a js `a labhigravefiia jpmpjyanj `a Gdstmrda `a `uiga jxtjrdmr quj ``jha j` luhnm a`uiga dhfjrdmr hm js ljhms imhlmvjnmra Iana vjz qujrjhaij tjhnraacute j` Jspigraverdtu quj aimlmnar anjiuar j` hujvmjhvm`tmrdm latjrda` quj `j va a sjrvdr nj lmrana y gaijrnj auml` uh dhstruljhtm iapaz nj tranuidr nj jxprjsar `asimhijpidmhjs nj su bjhdm A pjsar nj as njijpidmhjs nj`as njrrmtas a travaumls nj as jxdstjhidas rjhmvanas j` a`laimhsdbuj njsarrm``ar sus j`jvanas faiu`tanjs

Gay jh hmsmtrms uha smrna aspdraidugraveh uha igravehtdlajhjrbigravea ldstjrdmsa quj hms jhialdha gaida as a`turas qujhms gaij tjhnjr gaida njstdhms iana vjz laacutes j`jvanmsquj hms dlpj`j gaida m Cj``m y gaida j` Cdjh Js a jy nj`prmbrjsm a jvm`uidugraveh jtjrha quj buigravea a `a Gulahdnan a travaumls nj `as jnanjs y abudemhja a iana uhm nj hmsmtrmspmrquj jh `a Gulahdnan smh `as ldslas a`las quj njsdb`m jh sdb`m vuj`vjh para prmsjbudr imh `a ayuna njhujvms iujrpms prjparaacutehnmsj para luhnms ljemrjs jhsu mcra nj pjrfjiidmhaldjhtm

a `jy nj` prmbrjsm hm sj ap`dia sm`aljhtj a`gmlcrj js uhdvjrsa` Gay jh tmnms `ms rjdhms nj `aHatura`jza uha jvm`uidugraveh quj fuj rjimhmidna pmr `mspjhsanmrjs nj tmnms `ms tdjlpms Njsnj `a iauml`u`a vjrnjnjsnj j` jlcrdugraveh jrrahtj cmyahnm a ffimr nj `as abuas`a ianjha nj `as jspjidjs sj ga njsarrm``anm a travaumls njsjrdjs vardanas gasta hmsmtrms

Iana js`acugraveh nj jsa ianjha rjprjsjhta uha fmrlanj `a jxdstjhida quj imhnuij a uha fmrla supjrdmr a uhmrbahdslm laacutes r dim laacutes cdjh anaptanm a as hjijsdnanjsa `as lahdfjstaidmhjs irjidjhtjs nj `a vdna Las jh `a

jsia`a nj `a jvm`uidugraveh j` pjhsaldjhtm `a imhidjhida y`a `dcjrtan sugrave`m aparjijh pasanms luigms branms Jh `ap`ahta `a dhtj`dbjhida nmrldta jh j` ahdla` sujntildea sugrave`mjh j` gmlcrj njspdjrta sj imhmij sj pmsjj y sj vuj`vj

imhsidjhtj a partdr nj agigrave j` prmbrjsm nj a`buha sujrtjfata` jh `as fmrlas dhfjrdmrjs nj `a Hatura`jza sugrave`m sjpujnj rja`dzar pmr j` aiujrnm nj a vm`uhtan gulaha imh`as `jyjs Jtjrhas

a tjmrigravea nj `a jvm`uidugraveh njcj sjr imlp`jtana pmr`a nj `a [jriusdugraveh m sja pmr `a aiidugraveh nj `as pmtjhidasdhvdsdc`js quj aitdva y ndrdbj jsta `jhta y prmndbdmsalariga asijhsdmha` nj `a Vdna nj` B`mcm J` gmlcrjhms njlujstra `a jlcrdmbjhda js `a sigravehtjsds nj tmnas `asfmrlas vdvas quj `m prjijndjrah j` otilde`tdlm js`acugraveh nj `a`arba ianjha nj vdnas dhfjrdmrjs quj sj jxtdjhnj a travaumlsnj ms tdjlpms Las jsm js apjhas j` aspjitm jxtjrdmr nj`prmc`jla nj` mrdbjh ldjhtras quj alp`dm j dlpmhjhtjjs j` aspjitm dhtjrdmr Asigrave imlm iana haidldjhtm sjjxp`dia pmr `a caeana a `a iarhj nj uh a`la quj vdjhj nj`Jspaidm asigrave talcdaumlh `a prdljra apardidugraveh nj` gmlcrj jhj` [`ahjta njcj sjr atrdcudna a uha dhtjrvjhidugraveh nj `as[mtjhidas dhvdsdc`js quj bjhjrah `a vdna

a jvm`uidugraveh nj `ms luhnms y nj `as a`las jsrjbdna pmr `a Vm`uhtan Ndvdha quj pjhjtra y ndrdbj tmna`a Hatura`jza Las `a jvm`uidugraveh figravesdia js uha sdlp`jprjparaidugraveh para `a jvm`uidugraveh psigravequdia y `a asijhsdugraveh nj`as a`las prmsdbuj luigm laacutes a``aacute nj `a ianjha nj `msluhnms latjrda`js Hujstrm B`mcm js imlm uha arjhanmhnj sj tracah cata``as dhijsahtjs Jh su prmndbdmsafjiuhndnan bjhjra hujvms sjrjs las `ujbm `a lujrtjsdjba jh sus fi`as ijrranas Jsa `uiga gmrrjhna a prdljravdsta js hjijsarda para j` njsarrm``m nj` prdhidpdm nj vdnanura gasta j` nigravea jh quj uh raym nj dhtj`dbjhida vdjhj ad`uldhar `as imhidjhidas anmrljidnas Js jh `a `uiga quj`a vm`uhtan sj pjrfjiidmha y afirla js nj` nm`mr quj haij`a sjhsdcd`dnan

Jljrbjr branm a branm nj` acdslm nj `a vdna para tmrharsj Jspigraverdtu bjhdm supjrdmr y jstm pmr sus prmpdmslaumlrdtms y jsfujrzms imhqudstar j` futurm gmra a gmra dr`dcjraacutehnmsj nigravea a nigravea uh pmim laacutes nj `a bahba nj `aspasdmhjs `dcjrarsj nj `as subjstdmhjs nj` jbmigraveslm nj

`a pjrjza nj` njsaacutehdlm rjsiatarsj pmim a pmim nj susffiaqujzas nj su dbhmrahida ayunahnm a sus sjljeahtjs arjsiatarsj a su vjz arrastrahnm tmnm j` ljndm gulahm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

gaida uh jstanm supjrdmr ta` js j` papj` ndstrdcudnm aiana a`la

J` iahtm nj b`mrda j` gdlhm nj `a vdna dhfihdta ``jha`ms jspaidms sucj njsnj j` fmhnm nj` a`la nj `as rudhasy nj `as tulcas Ymcrj `ms njstrmzms nj `as idvd`dzaidmhjsjxtdhtas crmtah ffimrjs hujvas Yj jfjitotildea `a uhdugraveh jhtrj`as nms gulahdnanjs vdsdc`j j dhvdsdc`j jhtrj aquj``msquj pujc`ah `a ^djrra y `ms quj rjimrrjh j` Jspaidm Yusvmijs ``alah sj rjspmhnjh uhas a mtras y jsms rulmrjsjsms lurlu``ms vabms y imhfusms tmnavigravea para luigmssj vuj`vjh para hmsmtrms j` ljhsaej `a pa`acra vdcrahtjquj afirla `a imluhdugraveh nj almr uhdvjrsa`

^a` js j` iaraacuteitjr imlp`jem nj` sjr gulahm5 jspigraverdtufujrza y latjrda jh qudjh sj rjsuljh tmnms ms j`jljhtmsimhstdtutdvms tmnas `as pmtjhidas nj` Zhdvjrsm ^mnm `mquj jstaacute jh hmsmtrms jstaacute jh j` Zhdvjrsm y tmnm `m qujjstaacute jh j` Zhdvjrsm sj jhiujhtra jh hmsmtrms [mr j`iujrpm ffiuigravendim y pmr j` iujrpm latjrda` j` gmlcrj jstaacuteuhdnm a `a dhljhsa jstruitura nj `a vdna uhdvjrsa` pmr j`a`la a tmnms `ms luhnms dhvdsdc`js y ndvdhms ^jhjlmsjh hmsmtrms j` dhstdhtm nj `a ahdla`dnan laacutes m ljhmsimlprdldnm pmr j` `arbm tracaem pmr `as prujcas nj `asjxdstjhidas pasanas y tjhjlms talcdaumlh `a irdsaacute`dna nj`aacutehbj` nj` sjr randahtj y purm quj pmnjlms vjhdr a sjrpmr a dlpu`sdugraveh lmra` pmr as aspdraidmhjs nj` imrazugraveh ypmr j` sairdfiidm imhstahtj nj` ‐ymldquo ^mialms imh `ms pdjs

`as prmfuhndnanjs smlcrigraveas nj` acdslm y imh a frjhtj as

a`turas fu`burahtjs nj` idj`m j` dlpjrdm b`mrdmsm nj `msJspigraverdtus T asigrave gasta j` dhfihdtm

Cdc`dmbrafigraveaOASNJI A J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus _Jh `igravehja5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjsOASNJI A J` dcrm nj `ms Laumlnduls _Jh `igravehja5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjsOASNJI A a Baumlhjsds _Jh `igravehja5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjsOASNJI A Saumlvuj Ypdrdtj

_Jh `igravehja5 wwwspdrdtdsljhjtdhnjxpgprjvuj-spdrdtjNJHDY J` [rmc`jla nj` Yjr y nj` Njstdhm _Jh `igravehja5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjsSDIGJ^ I a Brah Jspjrahza _Jh `igravehja5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjsCMUUAHM J frac12ms ahdla`js tdjhjh a`la= A`diahtj 5 FJJ 31NJAHHJ B a Jvm`uidugraveh Ahigraveldia Cujhms Adrjs5Fuhnaidugraveh Jspigraverdta Gulahdsta A``ah Oarnji 3gtWAVDJS FI JLLAHZJ Jh j` Luhnm Laymr _Jh `igravehja5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjsWAVDJS FI JLLAHZJ Jvm`uidugraveh jh Nms Luhnms _Jh `igravehja5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjsNMLDHBM YMJS A Ljlmrdas nj` [anrj Bjrlaacuteh

_Jh `igravehja5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjs BALA S dhnms Iasms nj Igdim Wavdjr Yeacutem [au`m 5 aoj 147gt[SANA D a iujstdugraveh jspdrdtua` nj ms ahdla`js Jndtmra FJSJJVJY G a Gdstmrda laacutes cj``a nj` luhnm Carij`mha 5

Ahabrala 34LMMNT S Imldhb Caio HT5 Cahtal Cmmos 1441

^jhjlms jh hmsmtrms j` dhstdhtm nj `aahdla`dnan laacutes m ljhms imlprdldnm

pmr j` `arbm tracaem pmr `as prujcas nj `asjxdstjhidas pasanas y tjhjlms talcdaumlh `a

irdsaacute`dna nj` aacutehbj` nj` sjr randahtj y purm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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36 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM

J` 3gt nj euhdm nj 14gt9 fuj para `a idunan nj Baumlhmva(Dta`da) uh nigravea jldhjhtjljhtj trdstj Zhm nj sus laacutesiauml`jcrjs dhvjstdbanmrjs psigravequdims partigravea gaida j` mtrm `anmnj a vdna a ms 71 antildems nj jnan njspuaumls nj gacjr njeanmjsirdtm para `a gdstmrda laacutes nj sjsjhta mcras y idjhtms njartigraveiu`ms casanms jh sus dhvjstdbaidmhjs

Jrhjstm Cmzzahm gacigravea haidnm jh `a ldsla idunanquj `j vdm lmrdr j` 4 nj jhjrm nj 1763 Yu fald`dajimhugraveldialjhtj aimlmnana `m rjidcdugrave euhtm imh mtrmsiuatrm gjrlahms laacutes mcsjrvahnm iugravelm sj njstaiacajh auml` uh almr apasdmhahtj pmr j` aprjhndzaej ^a` jra asigravequj a `ms iuatrm antildems suejtahnm imh sus pjqujntildeas lahmsuh vm`uldhmsm y ldstjrdmsm tmlm smcrj `a `dtjraturabjhmvjsa dhsdstigravea a su lanrj para quj j jhsjntildeara a `jjr`m

[asa j` tdjlpm y Cmzzahm js a`jhtanm a jstundar jhuha jsiuj`a taumlihdia pjrm a `ms iatmrij antildems tras luigas`aacutebrdlas js mc`dbanm pmr su panrj a acahnmhar`a Jstmfmrta`jidugrave su pjrsmha`dnan ya quj a partdr nj jhtmhijs suljta fuj anqudrdr imlm `jy uha brah iu`tura njspjrtahnmluigigravesdlm dhtjraumls pmr `ms brahnjs i`aacutesdims dta`dahms a`dtjratura fuj su prdljra vmiaidugraveh y tras imhvjrtdrsj jhuh autmndnaita js iapaz nj `jjr jh dhb`aumls `as mcras nj `ms

pmjtas ^gmlas Lmmrj [jriy Cyssgj Ygj``jy Emgh Ld`tmh yRd``dal Ygaojspjarj

Imh qudhij antildems sj jhiujhtra dhtjrjsanm pmr `asndfjrjhtjs aacuterjas nj` imhmidldjhtm5 `a pa`jmhtm`mbigravea `aastrmhmligravea as idjhidas hatura`js a psdim`mbigravea y a fi`msmfigraveaidjhtigravefiia Anjlaacutes njsnj su euvjhtun ya sjhtigravea uhadhusdtana atraiidugraveh pmr `ms prmc`jlas nj `a pjrsmha`dnangulaha prdhidpa`ljhtj ms quj imhnuiigraveah a as iausas nj`ms sufrdldjhtms `a fiha`dnan y `a razugraveh nj `a vdna gulaha

Vdjhj `a naumliana fi`msugravefiia jhtrj 1773 y 1743 nmhnjdhtjhta pjhjtrar jh j` pjhsaldjhtm nj ms brahnjs fi`ugravesmfmsnjsnj [`atugraveh Njsiartjs Bjmrb Rd`gj`l Frdjnrdig mtzjSmsldhd y Vdhijhzm Bdmcjrtd quj tras `arbms y `acmrdmsmsantildems nj dhvjstdbaidugraveh jh jstj ialpm nj `a fi`msmfigravea hm``jha sus jspjranms ahgj`ms

Ydh jlcarbm j` jstundm nj` sdstjla nj` brah fi`ugravesmfmdhb`js Gjrcjrt Ypjhijr `j njspdjrta y nurahtj nms antildemssj njndia a ahmtar y i`asdfiiar sus imhijptms pmr j` brahimhtjhdnm fi`msugravefiim quj njsiucrj jh auml` sdjhnm su igravenm`m ynjeahnm uha dhffiujhida luy lariana jh Cmzzahm

A partdr nj aquigrave sj imhvdrtdugrave sjbotildeh sus pa`acras jhuh pmsdtdvdsta-latjrda`dsta imhvjhidnm gasta ta` puhtm quj`j parjiigravea dhirjigravec`j quj gucdjra luigas bjhtjs nj alp`daiu`tura dhtj`jitua` quj pundjrah irjjr jh `a jxdstjhida m`a supjrvdvjhida nj` jspigraverdtu laquoLd pjhsaldjhtm jra ta` qujjsirdcigrave ar tigraveiu`ms jh apmym a lds imhvdiidmhjs J` rjiujrnmnj jsj iursm lj gaij dhnu`bjhtj y tm`jrahtj nj uhanjtjrldhana i`asj nj ahtabmhdstas quj nj cujha fj ndijhsjr iapaijs nj rjfutar `as imhi`usdmhjs jxpjrdljhta`jsrdburmsas quj gah ``jbanm a` hjm-jspdrdtua`dslm y quj sjmpmhjh a `as dhnuiidmhjs y njnuiidmhjs nj [sdim`mbigravea jhquj ym irjigravea gaij gt antildemsiquest

laquoJs hjijsardm imlprjhnjr quj jh `a aumlpmia a `a qujlj rjfijrm ym hm sacigravea hana nj `a dhvjstdbaidugraveh nj `aljndulhdnan m jspdrdtdslm imh `a jxijpidugraveh nj crjvjsartigraveiu`ms quj gacigravea jigravenm jh ms pjrdugravendims sdh prjstar laacutesatjhidugraveh nj ms laumlnduls quj sjntildea`auml pdanmsaljhtj smcrj

`a irjnu`dnan nj `ms jspdrdtdstasiquestlaquoYuijndugrave sdh jlcarbm -imhtdhotildea imhtahnm Cmzzahm-

quj jh 1741 j` prmfjsmr frahiaumls gaumlmnu`j-Arlahn Sdcmtndrjitmr nj `a Sjvuj [gd`msmpgdquj lj jsirdcdugrave paraimluhdiarlj `a puc`diaidugraveh nj uha prugravexdla rjvdsta caemj` tigravetu`m Ahha`js njs Yidjhijs [syigdqujs iuym ndrjitmr jraj` Nr Nardjux prjnjijsmr nj` lajstrm Igar`js SdigjtJra uha rjvdsta quj sj prmpusm prdhidpa`ljhtj rjimbjry jxaldhar a`buhms iasms iurdmsms nj `a trahsldsdugravehnj` pjhsaldjhtm a ndstahida dhi`udnm caem j` hmlcrj nj‐fjhugraveljhms tj`jpaacutetdimsldquoiquest

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CDMBSAFIgraveA5JSHJY^M CMUUAHM

Ndvu`banmr jspigraverdta artdiu`dsta y imhfjrjhidahtj [artdidpa jhprmbralas nj randm y tj`jvdsdugraveh nj tjlaacutetdia jspdrdtua` Js prjsdnjhtjnj `a Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj Lanrdn Euah Ldbuj` Fjrhaacutehnjz

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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32CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

atjhidugraveh y lj dhi`uyugrave jhtrj `ms susirdptmrjs nj `a rjvdstaNji`arm sdhijraljhtj quj `a `jitura nj sus prdljrmshotildeljrms prmnuem uha dlprjsdugraveh njsastrmsa jh ld irdtjrdmpmsdtdvdsta drrjimhid`dac`jiquest

laquo[arjiigravea dhndbhahtj quj a`buhms rjprjsjhtahtjs nj`a idjhida mfiida` qujrigraveah ndsiutdr sjrdaljhtj `a trahsldsdugravehnj` pjhsaldjhtm nj uh imhtdhjhtj a mtrm `as apardidmhjsnj fahtaslas tj`jpaacutetdims imlm jhtdnanjs rja`js y iasmsaitua`js dhqudjtahtjs J` pmnjr dhgdcdnmr nj prjimhijptmsimhvjrtdnm jh ld faiu`tan nj ta`js razmhaldjhtms jra

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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37 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA

DHY^DH^M JDH^JDBJHIDA

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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34DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull LJ^JL[YDIMYDY T SJJHIASHAIDUgraveH

LJ^JL[YDIMYDY T SJJHIASHAIDUgraveH

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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91LJ^JL[YDIMYDY T SJJHIASHAIDUgraveH bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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9 Oarnji A``ah M dvrm nms Jspigraverdtms [rjbuhta 611 Jndidugraveh Mh`dhj FJC3 Oarnji A``ah M dvrm nms Jspigraverdtms [rjbuhta 619 Jndidugraveh Mh`dhj FJC

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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93 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

bull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aRjc5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjs

FaijCmmo5 wwwjspdrdtdslmiifaijcmmo

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`f5 +9gt 636 911 771

A`diahtjbull Ymidjnan Jspdrdtdsta A`diahtdhaNdrjiidugraveh5 I Cazaacuteh 3-3micro 91 A`diahtjRjc5 wwwsjajspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKsjajspdrdtaiml

^j`f5 +9gt 676 43 gt1

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta a uz nj` IaldhmNdrjiidugraveh5 Apartanm nj Imrrjms hmicro 122

99 bull Mrdguj`a (ADIAH^J)Rjc5 www`a`uznj`ialdhmiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 brupmjspdrdtaK`a`uznj`ialdhmiml ^j`f5 +9gt 46 964 1 rsquo +9gt 66 7gt4 627

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta a uz nj` [mrvjhdr Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Laumlndim `jnugrave 7 Caem - Apartanm 7

999 bull Irjvd``jhtj (ADIAH^J)Rjc5 www`a`uznj`pmrvjhdroarnjijs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 eahalmsomljhsoy143162Kblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 61 66 477

bull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms JspigraverdtasCjzjrra nj Ljhjzjs

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Cjhaiahtd` 2 - a Lata mrrjvdjea917 bull mrrjvdjea (ADIAH^J)

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ejsus211461Kyagmmjs

^j`f5 +9gt 61 6gt 364bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj CjhdnmrlNdrjiidugraveh5 I ^mlaacutes nj Mrtuntildem 4gt-3microA

91 bull Cjhdnmrl (ADIAH^J)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5ijhtrmjspdrdtacjhdnmrlKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 624 497 42

Carij`mhabull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj Dbua`anaNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Iarljh H 19- 1micro- 3ordf 72 bull Dbua`ana (CASIJMHA)Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsdbua`ana

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5jstundmsjspdrdtasdbua`anaKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 497 9 gt1 rsquo +9gt 64 1 3gt6

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ala`da Nmldhbm Ym`jr Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Vjhtura [`aea 1 - caems Ljtrm - Cana` 737 Carij`mhaRjc5 wwwijansoarnjijs Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijansKmhmiml ^j`f5 +9gt 66 913 672

Idunan Sja`bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Almr Fratjrhm Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Fjrrmiarrd` 22 196 bull A`iaacutezar nj Yah Euah (IDZNAN SJA)

Rjc5 wwwijalmrfratjrhmjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijhtrmjspdrdtaalmrfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 436 11 296

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ialdhm nj uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 Ahtdbua Iarrjtjra nj Lanrdn 3

193 bull Lahzaharjs (IDZNAN SJA)Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsijialdhmnj`uz Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijialdhmnj`uzKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 436 63 372 rsquo +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ejsotildes nj Hazarjt Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ymiuj``alms 2 192 bull mlj``msm (IDZNAN SJA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 larda`udsa436Kgmtlad`iml

^j`f +9gt 64 62 29

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Yah Iar`ms nj` Va``jNdrjiidugraveh5 I Salugraveh y Iaea` 12 193gt2 bull Yah Iar`ms nj` Va``j (IDZNAN SJA)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsajsiva

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijsva``jKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 436 69 7

Iugravernmcabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Almr y [rmbrjsmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Emsauml Mrtjba y Bassjt 4 1gt bull Lmhtd``a (IUgraveSNMCA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 almryprmbrjsmKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 42 6gt 921 rsquo +9gt 616 13 gt3

bull Fratjrhdnan Jspigraverdta Emsauml BrmssmNdrjiidugraveh5 IAhtmhdm Laura 3 9micro N

1gt bull IugravernmcaImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 fratjrhdnanemsjbrmssmKblad`iml

Rjc5 wwwimrnmcajspdrdtajs ^j`f5 9gt 42 396 gt39 rsquo 9gt 42 73

Ds`as Ca`jarjsbull Ijhtrm Jspdrdta Jllahuj`Ndrjiidugraveh5 mlaacutes Abud`ugrave Fmrtjza 93 211bull [a`la nj La``mria (DYAY CAJASJY)

Rjc5 wwwijhtrmjspdrdtajllahuj`ndvu`baidmhmrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijhtrmjspdrdtajllahuj`Kgmtlad`iml

j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 421 376 174 rsquo +9gt 694 316 gtgt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ds`as Ca`jarjs (IJDC)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a ^rmcana gt7 a-c

211bull [a`la nj La``mria (DYAY CAJASJY)

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijdcKijdcjs

Rjc5 wwwijdcjs

^j`f5 +9gt 62 47 7gt

aumlrdnabull Assmidaidugrave Jspigraverdta Mtus d Haumlral (AJMH)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Bjrlaha Ljriccedil Yahtaiaha 19 39 bull eumlrrjba (AumlSDNA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mtusdhjralKblad`iml

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsmtusdhjral ^j`f5 9gt 429 911 324

Lanrdnbull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj LanrdnNdrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a Cm`sa 1gt - 1micro niga

3713 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwjspdrdtaslanrdniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtaslanrdnKtj`jfmhdiahjt

Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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99Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta Frahidsim nj Asigraves nj`a Ydjrra

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a Iantildeana Sja` 33 1micro C37gt Im``anm Vd``a`ca (LANSDN)

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 f rahidsimnjasdsnj`asdjrraKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 627 16 441

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Jhtrj j` Idj`m y `a djrraNdrjiidugraveh5 Avna nj Lanrdn 34 `mia` 3767 bull Yah Lartigraveh nj Va`njdb`jsdas (LANSDN)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsjhtrjj`idj`my`atdjrra

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mab`dmKarraodsjs ^j`f5 +9gt 627 662 319 rsquo +9gt 627 662 313

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ljhsaejrms nj `a uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lanjra 1 - Caem

37gt bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwitvjsZYJSYijlj`gmljgtl

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijlj`lanrdnKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 9gt 41 976 3 77 rsquo 9gt 41 91gt 7 17bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms y Ndvu`baidugraveh

Jspigraverdta (IJTNJ)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lmhtjra 1-13 3ordf [`ahta - Hmicro 9 3719 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwijynjlanrdnmrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5aurmravaziaca``jrmKgmtlad`iml

ijynjlanrdnKyagmmjs

^j`f5 9gt 41 37 gt 71 rsquo +9gt 672 446 79

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundm Jspigraverdta jugraveh NjhdsNdrjiidugraveh5 Cmhjtjrm 9 ljtrm [dm WDD 3716 bull Lanrdn

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 `jmhnjhdsijKblad`imlRjc5 www`jmhnjhdsjs - wwwc`mb`jmhnjhdsjs

Laacute`ababull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas A``ah OarnjiNdrjiidugraveh5 I Gaumlrmjs nj Ymstma 29 J-1micro

343 bull Laacute`abaRjc5 wwwjndtmrajspdrdtaa``ahoarnjijs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 a`cmrahjndtmraKmhmiml

^j`f5 9gt 43 397 67 rsquo +9gt 62 7 32

Luridabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Sjidhtm nj [az Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a [az1 1micro N ([atdntildem) 913 LuridaRjc5 wwwijrjidhtmnjpazjs

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijrjidhtmnjpazKrjidhtmnjpazjs

ldbuj`ldvjbaKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 664 96 14

[mhtjvjnrabull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta [az Arlmhigravea y Iardnan

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Sotildea [jhds 31 - 1micro Niga 9631 bull Vdbm ([MH^JVJNSA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijpazarlmhdalmryiardnanKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 +9gt 61 7gt 136

Yjvd``abull Asmidaidugraveh Ijhtrm nj Jstundms

Jspigraverdtas nj Yjvd``aNdrjiidugraveh5 [rmspjrdnan 9 rdaha gt11 bull Yjvd``a

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bull Brupm Jspigraverdta Hujvm Alahjijr Emahha nj Ahbj`ds

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ndjbm [ujrta 1 Jsi 9gt 2 A gt14 bull Yjvd``aRjc5 wwwhujvmalahjijrjspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtashujvmalahjijrKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 + 9gt 62 44 462 - + 9gt 62 44 46

^arrabmhabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Emahha nj Ahbj`dsNdrjiidugraveh5 [ucd`` Mrdm` 33

gt931 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 422 9gt6 16gt rsquo +9gt 63 gt61 67gt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Lahuj` y Ndva`nmNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Vdjhtm gt93 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)Rjc5 wwwijlyniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ar`dhbbKyagmmjs ^j`f5 +9gt 676 gt4 2gt6

Va`jhida

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Va`jhida Gmbar FratjrhmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Vd``ahujva nj Iastj``ugraveh 33 gt64 bull Va`jhidaRjc5 wwwasjsvamrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 gmbarfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 469 3 46 7

IJH^SMY JY[IgraveSD^AY MHDHJbull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aNdrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat (uhjs Ldaumlrim`js y Eujvjs 33g9)

Rjc5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`jfmhm5 +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas ‐YdhFrmhtjrasldquo

Ndrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat(Nmldhbms 31g)

Rjc5 gttp5ijjsdhfrmhtjrasjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijjsdhfrmhtjrasKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta

Abjhna Irdstdaha - JNDIJD gt ₠

A`cmrana Irdstdaha (Ljndahm) gt ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrDD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

Aacuternua Asijhsdugraveh 13 ₠

Atjhidugraveh (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ialdhm Vjrnan y Vdna - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Iartd``a nj` Cdjh - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Iuahnm Sjbrjsj `a [rdlavjra (Hmrla`) 2 ₠

Iujhtms Jspdrdtdstas 4 ₠

Njsnj a Mtra Vdna gt ₠

Njspdjrtj y Yja Fj`dz - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` A`la js Dhlmrta` 7 ₠

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta 4 ₠

J` Idj`m y j` Dhfijrhm - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Jspigraverdtu nj `a Vjrnan - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` Jvahbj`dm Yjbotildeh j` Jspdrdtdslm -JNDIJD

1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Yjr Yucimhsidjhtj 6 ₠

Jh `m Dhvdsdc`j 7 ₠

Jh `ms Nmldhdms nj `a Ljndulhdnan -JNDIJD

4 ₠

Jhtrj `a djrra y j` Idj`m - JNDIJD 4 ₠Jspdrdtdslm Lmnjrhm OA DJ ODHB - FJJ ₠

Jspdrdtdslm y Jim`mbigravea - JNDIJD 7 ₠

B`msardm Jspigraverdta (Cm`sd``m) 6 ₠

Buigravea [raacuteitdia nj` Jspdrdtdsta - FJJ ₠

Gdphmtdslm y Jspdrdtdslm 7 ₠

Ejsotildes jh j` Gmbar - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Eustdida Ndvdha - JNDIJD 7 ₠

a Baumlhjsds - JNDIJD 1 ₠

a Vdna jh Fald`da gt ₠

dcjraidugraveh - JNDIJD 4 ₠

as Vdnas Yuijsdvas 4 ₠

ms Ljhsaejrms - JNDIJD 7 ₠

ms Lujrtms Ydbujh Vdvdjhnm 6 ₠

Lahms Zhdnas (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljndtaidmhjs (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljlmrdas nj` [anrj Bjrlaacuteh 2 ₠

Ljhsaej nj uh Anm`jsijhtj njsnj j`Luhnm Jspdrdtua` - JNDIJD ₠

Ldsdmhjrms nj `a uz - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Lujrtj js Vdna 6 ₠

Hujstrm Gmbar - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Mcrjrms nj `a Vdna Jtjrha - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[ah Hujstrm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[jhsaldjhtm y Vdna - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Sj`dbdugraveh nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 177 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 174 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Yjntildea` Vjrnj gt ₠

Yjxm y Njstdhm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Ydjlcra nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Yuc`dlj Jxpdaidugraveh - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Vdna Fj`dz - JNDIJD 2 ₠

Lm`njahnm j` ^jrijr Ld`jhdm - Vdna yMcra nj Ndva`nm [ Frahim

1 ₠

Vdna y Yjxm - JNDIJD 6 ₠

T `a Vdna Imhtdhotildeahellip JNDIJD 7 ₠

dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ

Ugraverbahm jndtmrda` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a sdh aacutehdlm nj `uirm quj rjdhvdjrtj jh j` prmpdm

`dcrm jspigraverdta Yj gaijh jhvigravems imhtra rjjlcm`sm Gaba su pjndnm prjfjrdc`jljhtj pmr imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim adhfmKjspdrdtdslmii m pmr tj`aumlfmhm5 636 911 771

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Vdna ahtjs nj `a Vdna

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Jhfjrljnanjs nj` a`la[aacutebdha 1gt

Jvdnjhidas Idjhtigravefiias a favmr nj`a Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna [aacutebdha 3

[`ahjaldjhtm rjjhiarhatmrdm[aacutebdha 13

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a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐ms Gdems nj` Ayjrldquo

[aacutebdha 37

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 3bull Jndidugraveh Mitucrj 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

1 antildems nj J` `dcrm nj `ms laumlnduls

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Ljndulhdnan nj jfjitms figravesdims[aacutebdha 1gt

^rahsimluhdiaidugraveh dhstruljhta`[aacutebdha 3

Fmrlaidugraveh nj` Laumlndul[aacutebdha 13

Jspdrdtdslm jh a dtjratura

[aacutebdha 37

frac12Ejsotildes jra laumlndul=[aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 1bull Jndidugraveh Eu`dm 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Jspdrdtdslm imlm fi`msmfigravea nj vdna

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm57bull Jndidugravehacrd`31gtbull [rjidm59

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm52bull JndidugravehMitucrj 319bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

ms Ijhtrms jspdrdtdstas njcjh sjr`a iaacutetjnra nj` Jspigraverdtu nj Vjrnan

QZAuml JY J JY[DSD^DYLM=

DH^SMNZIIDUgraveHA IMHMIDLDJH^M NJ LZHNM DHVDYDCJ

[MS AY LAHDFJY^AIDMHJY NJ MY JY[IgraveSD^ZY

Imhtdjhj j` rjsuljh nj ms prdhidpdms nj a nmitrdha jspdrdtdsta y as rjs-pujstas a as prdhidpa`js mcejidmhjs

pmr

A``ah - Oarnjiautmr nj` dcrm nj ms jspigraverdtus y nj` dcrm nj ms Ljnduls

JNDIDUgraveH JIMHUgraveLDIA

[rjidm 3 rja`js

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh Jspantildea

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm56bull JndidugravehEu`dm319bull[rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5bull JndidugravehLarzm319bull [rjidm59₠

nj a FJJ

Jspdrdtdslm jh j` luhnm[aacutebdha 37

[rjiursmrjs nj` Jspdrdtdslm[aacutebdha 6

Artgur Imhah Nmy`j[aacutebdha 32

Idjhtigravefiims jspigraverdtas nj`sdb`m WDW [aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a rjvj`aidugraveh jspigraverdtay A``ah Oarnji [aacutebdha 17

a SjvujYpdrdtj [aacutebdha 3

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

a Vdna jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

[sdim`mbigravea jh j` laacutes a``aacute[aacutebdha 1gt

Aacutehbj`js BuarndahjsJspigraverdtus [rm-tjitmrjsFald`darjs y Ydlpaacutetdims

[aacutebdha 32[jrdjspigraverdtu

[aacutebdha 33

ms Yujntildems Jspdrdtua`js[aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐HMYYM ASldquo

Jhtrjvdsta aYahtdaba Hmbujrm [aacutebdha 1

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5gtbull JndidugravehYjptdjlcrj 313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

^rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

a vdna jtjrha[aacutebdha 1

^rahsdidugraveh p`ahjtarda[aacutebdha 37

[`ura`dnan nj luhnms gacdtanms[aacutebdha 39

Jvm`uidugraveh gdstugraverdia nj` pjhsaldjh-tm jspdrdtua` [aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Jhtrjvdsta

Cdmbrafigravea

a Larigravea nj `aBraida nj Jh-

njr [aacutebdha 12

aumlmh Njhds[aacutebdha 7

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm59bull JndidugravehLarzm313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

[jtdidugraveh nj hotildeljrms ahtjrdmrjs5

H 1 rsquo 1 Antildems nj` ‐dcrm nj`ms Laumlndulsldquo

H 3 rsquo Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna

H 9 rsquo rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

H gt rsquo a Vdna jh j` luhnmjspdrdtua`

H rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

H 6 rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslmjh Jspantildea

H 2 rsquo J` Ijhtrm Jspdrdta

H 7 rsquo J` Jspdrdtdslm imlmfi`msmfigravea nj vdna

pjndnmsrjvdstafjjKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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DHFMSLAIDUgraveH T SJYJSVAY5

YJISJ^ASIgraveA AumlIHDIAMSBAHDUA

IMHFJSJHIDAY

T YJLDHASDMY

bull J` Luhnm Dhvdsdc`j

bull Sjbrjsm a `a vdna jspdrdtua`

bull J` laacutes a``aacute nj` sudidna

bull a lotildesdia jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

jqud`dcrdm para j` a`la

bull Jspigraverdtus y su gdstmrda jh `a gulahd-

nan

bull ^jrapda nj` almr

bull Imluhdiaidugraveh imh `ms jspigraverdtus5

ldtms y vjrnanjs

bull Njsvj`ahnm `m dhvdsdc`j (prujcas idjhtigrave-

fiias fi`msugravefiias j gdstugraverdias)

I d ` n d d dc`

a partdidpaidugraveh a jstj jvjhtm jstaacute acdjrta a tmnas aquj``as pjrsmhas dhtjrjsanas

IMHFJSJHIDAH^JY

Ndva`nm [ Frahim - A`frjnm A`mhsm nj `a Fujhtj - A`frjnm

^acujntildea - Vditmr Suahm - Iar`ms Ialpjttd - Euah Ldbuj`

Fjrhaacutehnjz - Eahaigraveha Ldhj``d - Iarljh Iarnmha - Ldbuj`

Vjra - M`ba Mrtdz

6 2 y 7 Ndidjlcrj 31gt

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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3frac12^DJHJH ALA MY AHDLAJY= bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

gaida uh jstanm supjrdmr ta` js j` papj` ndstrdcudnm aiana a`la

J` iahtm nj b`mrda j` gdlhm nj `a vdna dhfihdta ``jha`ms jspaidms sucj njsnj j` fmhnm nj` a`la nj `as rudhasy nj `as tulcas Ymcrj `ms njstrmzms nj `as idvd`dzaidmhjsjxtdhtas crmtah ffimrjs hujvas Yj jfjitotildea `a uhdugraveh jhtrj`as nms gulahdnanjs vdsdc`j j dhvdsdc`j jhtrj aquj``msquj pujc`ah `a ^djrra y `ms quj rjimrrjh j` Jspaidm Yusvmijs ``alah sj rjspmhnjh uhas a mtras y jsms rulmrjsjsms lurlu``ms vabms y imhfusms tmnavigravea para luigmssj vuj`vjh para hmsmtrms j` ljhsaej `a pa`acra vdcrahtjquj afirla `a imluhdugraveh nj almr uhdvjrsa`

^a` js j` iaraacuteitjr imlp`jem nj` sjr gulahm5 jspigraverdtufujrza y latjrda jh qudjh sj rjsuljh tmnms ms j`jljhtmsimhstdtutdvms tmnas `as pmtjhidas nj` Zhdvjrsm ^mnm `mquj jstaacute jh hmsmtrms jstaacute jh j` Zhdvjrsm y tmnm `m qujjstaacute jh j` Zhdvjrsm sj jhiujhtra jh hmsmtrms [mr j`iujrpm ffiuigravendim y pmr j` iujrpm latjrda` j` gmlcrj jstaacuteuhdnm a `a dhljhsa jstruitura nj `a vdna uhdvjrsa` pmr j`a`la a tmnms `ms luhnms dhvdsdc`js y ndvdhms ^jhjlmsjh hmsmtrms j` dhstdhtm nj `a ahdla`dnan laacutes m ljhmsimlprdldnm pmr j` `arbm tracaem pmr `as prujcas nj `asjxdstjhidas pasanas y tjhjlms talcdaumlh `a irdsaacute`dna nj`aacutehbj` nj` sjr randahtj y purm quj pmnjlms vjhdr a sjrpmr a dlpu`sdugraveh lmra` pmr as aspdraidmhjs nj` imrazugraveh ypmr j` sairdfiidm imhstahtj nj` ‐ymldquo ^mialms imh `ms pdjs

`as prmfuhndnanjs smlcrigraveas nj` acdslm y imh a frjhtj as

a`turas fu`burahtjs nj` idj`m j` dlpjrdm b`mrdmsm nj `msJspigraverdtus T asigrave gasta j` dhfihdtm

Cdc`dmbrafigraveaOASNJI A J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus _Jh `igravehja5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjsOASNJI A J` dcrm nj `ms Laumlnduls _Jh `igravehja5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjsOASNJI A a Baumlhjsds _Jh `igravehja5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjsOASNJI A Saumlvuj Ypdrdtj

_Jh `igravehja5 wwwspdrdtdsljhjtdhnjxpgprjvuj-spdrdtjNJHDY J` [rmc`jla nj` Yjr y nj` Njstdhm _Jh `igravehja5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjsSDIGJ^ I a Brah Jspjrahza _Jh `igravehja5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjsCMUUAHM J frac12ms ahdla`js tdjhjh a`la= A`diahtj 5 FJJ 31NJAHHJ B a Jvm`uidugraveh Ahigraveldia Cujhms Adrjs5Fuhnaidugraveh Jspigraverdta Gulahdsta A``ah Oarnji 3gtWAVDJS FI JLLAHZJ Jh j` Luhnm Laymr _Jh `igravehja5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjsWAVDJS FI JLLAHZJ Jvm`uidugraveh jh Nms Luhnms _Jh `igravehja5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjsNMLDHBM YMJS A Ljlmrdas nj` [anrj Bjrlaacuteh

_Jh `igravehja5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjs BALA S dhnms Iasms nj Igdim Wavdjr Yeacutem [au`m 5 aoj 147gt[SANA D a iujstdugraveh jspdrdtua` nj ms ahdla`js Jndtmra FJSJJVJY G a Gdstmrda laacutes cj``a nj` luhnm Carij`mha 5

Ahabrala 34LMMNT S Imldhb Caio HT5 Cahtal Cmmos 1441

^jhjlms jh hmsmtrms j` dhstdhtm nj `aahdla`dnan laacutes m ljhms imlprdldnm

pmr j` `arbm tracaem pmr `as prujcas nj `asjxdstjhidas pasanas y tjhjlms talcdaumlh `a

irdsaacute`dna nj` aacutehbj` nj` sjr randahtj y purm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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36 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM

J` 3gt nj euhdm nj 14gt9 fuj para `a idunan nj Baumlhmva(Dta`da) uh nigravea jldhjhtjljhtj trdstj Zhm nj sus laacutesiauml`jcrjs dhvjstdbanmrjs psigravequdims partigravea gaida j` mtrm `anmnj a vdna a ms 71 antildems nj jnan njspuaumls nj gacjr njeanmjsirdtm para `a gdstmrda laacutes nj sjsjhta mcras y idjhtms njartigraveiu`ms casanms jh sus dhvjstdbaidmhjs

Jrhjstm Cmzzahm gacigravea haidnm jh `a ldsla idunanquj `j vdm lmrdr j` 4 nj jhjrm nj 1763 Yu fald`dajimhugraveldialjhtj aimlmnana `m rjidcdugrave euhtm imh mtrmsiuatrm gjrlahms laacutes mcsjrvahnm iugravelm sj njstaiacajh auml` uh almr apasdmhahtj pmr j` aprjhndzaej ^a` jra asigravequj a `ms iuatrm antildems suejtahnm imh sus pjqujntildeas lahmsuh vm`uldhmsm y ldstjrdmsm tmlm smcrj `a `dtjraturabjhmvjsa dhsdstigravea a su lanrj para quj j jhsjntildeara a `jjr`m

[asa j` tdjlpm y Cmzzahm js a`jhtanm a jstundar jhuha jsiuj`a taumlihdia pjrm a `ms iatmrij antildems tras luigas`aacutebrdlas js mc`dbanm pmr su panrj a acahnmhar`a Jstmfmrta`jidugrave su pjrsmha`dnan ya quj a partdr nj jhtmhijs suljta fuj anqudrdr imlm `jy uha brah iu`tura njspjrtahnmluigigravesdlm dhtjraumls pmr `ms brahnjs i`aacutesdims dta`dahms a`dtjratura fuj su prdljra vmiaidugraveh y tras imhvjrtdrsj jhuh autmndnaita js iapaz nj `jjr jh dhb`aumls `as mcras nj `ms

pmjtas ^gmlas Lmmrj [jriy Cyssgj Ygj``jy Emgh Ld`tmh yRd``dal Ygaojspjarj

Imh qudhij antildems sj jhiujhtra dhtjrjsanm pmr `asndfjrjhtjs aacuterjas nj` imhmidldjhtm5 `a pa`jmhtm`mbigravea `aastrmhmligravea as idjhidas hatura`js a psdim`mbigravea y a fi`msmfigraveaidjhtigravefiia Anjlaacutes njsnj su euvjhtun ya sjhtigravea uhadhusdtana atraiidugraveh pmr `ms prmc`jlas nj `a pjrsmha`dnangulaha prdhidpa`ljhtj ms quj imhnuiigraveah a as iausas nj`ms sufrdldjhtms `a fiha`dnan y `a razugraveh nj `a vdna gulaha

Vdjhj `a naumliana fi`msugravefiia jhtrj 1773 y 1743 nmhnjdhtjhta pjhjtrar jh j` pjhsaldjhtm nj ms brahnjs fi`ugravesmfmsnjsnj [`atugraveh Njsiartjs Bjmrb Rd`gj`l Frdjnrdig mtzjSmsldhd y Vdhijhzm Bdmcjrtd quj tras `arbms y `acmrdmsmsantildems nj dhvjstdbaidugraveh jh jstj ialpm nj `a fi`msmfigravea hm``jha sus jspjranms ahgj`ms

Ydh jlcarbm j` jstundm nj` sdstjla nj` brah fi`ugravesmfmdhb`js Gjrcjrt Ypjhijr `j njspdjrta y nurahtj nms antildemssj njndia a ahmtar y i`asdfiiar sus imhijptms pmr j` brahimhtjhdnm fi`msugravefiim quj njsiucrj jh auml` sdjhnm su igravenm`m ynjeahnm uha dhffiujhida luy lariana jh Cmzzahm

A partdr nj aquigrave sj imhvdrtdugrave sjbotildeh sus pa`acras jhuh pmsdtdvdsta-latjrda`dsta imhvjhidnm gasta ta` puhtm quj`j parjiigravea dhirjigravec`j quj gucdjra luigas bjhtjs nj alp`daiu`tura dhtj`jitua` quj pundjrah irjjr jh `a jxdstjhida m`a supjrvdvjhida nj` jspigraverdtu laquoLd pjhsaldjhtm jra ta` qujjsirdcigrave ar tigraveiu`ms jh apmym a lds imhvdiidmhjs J` rjiujrnmnj jsj iursm lj gaij dhnu`bjhtj y tm`jrahtj nj uhanjtjrldhana i`asj nj ahtabmhdstas quj nj cujha fj ndijhsjr iapaijs nj rjfutar `as imhi`usdmhjs jxpjrdljhta`jsrdburmsas quj gah ``jbanm a` hjm-jspdrdtua`dslm y quj sjmpmhjh a `as dhnuiidmhjs y njnuiidmhjs nj [sdim`mbigravea jhquj ym irjigravea gaij gt antildemsiquest

laquoJs hjijsardm imlprjhnjr quj jh `a aumlpmia a `a qujlj rjfijrm ym hm sacigravea hana nj `a dhvjstdbaidugraveh nj `aljndulhdnan m jspdrdtdslm imh `a jxijpidugraveh nj crjvjsartigraveiu`ms quj gacigravea jigravenm jh ms pjrdugravendims sdh prjstar laacutesatjhidugraveh nj ms laumlnduls quj sjntildea`auml pdanmsaljhtj smcrj

`a irjnu`dnan nj `ms jspdrdtdstasiquestlaquoYuijndugrave sdh jlcarbm -imhtdhotildea imhtahnm Cmzzahm-

quj jh 1741 j` prmfjsmr frahiaumls gaumlmnu`j-Arlahn Sdcmtndrjitmr nj `a Sjvuj [gd`msmpgdquj lj jsirdcdugrave paraimluhdiarlj `a puc`diaidugraveh nj uha prugravexdla rjvdsta caemj` tigravetu`m Ahha`js njs Yidjhijs [syigdqujs iuym ndrjitmr jraj` Nr Nardjux prjnjijsmr nj` lajstrm Igar`js SdigjtJra uha rjvdsta quj sj prmpusm prdhidpa`ljhtj rjimbjry jxaldhar a`buhms iasms iurdmsms nj `a trahsldsdugravehnj` pjhsaldjhtm a ndstahida dhi`udnm caem j` hmlcrj nj‐fjhugraveljhms tj`jpaacutetdimsldquoiquest

laquoa psdim`mbigravea ldstjrdmsa jsimhndna jh jsta frasj lj``alugrave `a iurdmsdnan a` dbua` quj j` hmlcrj nj` prmfjsmrSdigjt fuj sufiidjhtj para barahtdzar `a sjrdjnan nj `ajlprjsa Sjspmhnigrave a` prmfjsmr Sdcmt abranjidaumlhnm`j `a

CDMBSAFIgraveA5JSHJY^M CMUUAHM

Ndvu`banmr jspigraverdta artdiu`dsta y imhfjrjhidahtj [artdidpa jhprmbralas nj randm y tj`jvdsdugraveh nj tjlaacutetdia jspdrdtua` Js prjsdnjhtjnj `a Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj Lanrdn Euah Ldbuj` Fjrhaacutehnjz

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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32CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

atjhidugraveh y lj dhi`uyugrave jhtrj `ms susirdptmrjs nj `a rjvdstaNji`arm sdhijraljhtj quj `a `jitura nj sus prdljrmshotildeljrms prmnuem uha dlprjsdugraveh njsastrmsa jh ld irdtjrdmpmsdtdvdsta drrjimhid`dac`jiquest

laquo[arjiigravea dhndbhahtj quj a`buhms rjprjsjhtahtjs nj`a idjhida mfiida` qujrigraveah ndsiutdr sjrdaljhtj `a trahsldsdugravehnj` pjhsaldjhtm nj uh imhtdhjhtj a mtrm `as apardidmhjsnj fahtaslas tj`jpaacutetdims imlm jhtdnanjs rja`js y iasmsaitua`js dhqudjtahtjs J` pmnjr dhgdcdnmr nj prjimhijptmsimhvjrtdnm jh ld faiu`tan nj ta`js razmhaldjhtms jra

tmta`ljhtj dhaiijsdcj a `as hujvas dnjas m laacutes cdjh a `mshujvms aitms pmrquj `ms gjigms rja`ljhtj njiigraveah qujjrah idjhtigravefiims y rdburmsaljhtj nmiuljhtanms auhqujym hm jra iapaz nj asdld`ar`msiquest

laquoIuahnm tmnavigravea lahtjhigravea ld jstanm ljhta` aparjidugravejh `a Sjvuj [gd`msmpgdquj uh `arbm artigraveiu`m nj` prmfjsmrSmsjhcaig nj Yah [jtjrscurbm (Susda) vdm`jhtaljhtjataiahnm `a ‐dhtrusdugraveh sairigrave`jba nj jstj hujvm ldstdidslmldquojh `as dhljndaidmhjs nj `a psdim`mbigravea mfiida` y jxp`diahnm

`ms hujvms iasms nj `ms supujstms nj `a ‐a`uidhaidugravehldquo `as‐imdhidnjhidas fmrtudtasldquo y a`buhms laacutes quj hm pujnmrjimrnar ^a`js rjfutaidmhjs parjijh tah tmrpjs y imh ta`ndsiapaidnan quj prmnuij j` jfjitm imhtrardm nj `m quj j`autmr prjtjhnigravea ndsbustahnm ld ljhtj Lj imhvjhiigrave nj qujj` prmc`jla jra rja`ljhtj `ms gjigms asigrave quj iata`mbuaumlsj`jiidmhauml y i`asdfiquauml para rja`dzar j` ahaacute`dsds imlparatdvmiquest

laquoa jxij`jhida nj` laumltmnm nj dhvjstdbaidugraveh sdld`arfuj prmcanm nj ta` lahjra quj aotildeh `m usm gasta `a fjigaBuarnm uh dlpjrjijnjrm rjiujrnm nj jstj pjrdmnm njdhvjstdbaidugraveh fjrvdjhtj y pjrsjvjrahtj pmrquj a travaumlsnj j``ms lj gdij iapaz nj rjsm`vjr lds hujvas irjjhidas

jspdrdtdstas smcrj uha casj idjhtigravefiia firlj as mcras njSmcjrt Na`j Mwjh Jpjs Yarbjht nj `a Yra Lmrbah ynj` Nr Rm`fj lj dhffiujhidarmh a anmptar ld hujvm puhtmnj vdsta smcrj `a fjhmljhm`mbigravea psigravequdia y jfjitms figravesdimsas sjsdmhjs jxpjrdljhta`js imh Rd``dal Ytadhtmh Lmsjsfujrmh `as quj prmnuejrmh j` laymr jfjitm pjrsuasdvmsmcrj lds irjjhidas a iausa nj `a dhtjrvjhidugraveh nj uhjspigraverdtu jh `a fjhmljhm`mbigravea jhtrj `ms antildems 1743 y 1749iquest

laquoAsigrave punj jxpjrdljhtar y aprjhnjr imh j` rjputanmidjhtigravefiim a partdr nj `ms arbuljhtms Jhtjhndaumlhnmsj sdhjlcarbm quj gacigravea ``jbanm j` tdjlpm jh j` quj sj njcjimhfirlar lds imhmidldjhtms tjugraverdims y as dhvjstdbaidmhjs

jxpjrdljhta`jsiquest tjrldha CmzzahmSjimrnjlms quj su prdljra aprmxdlaidugraveh a`

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37 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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34DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Qujrdnm `jitmr jh jsta rjffijxdugraveh jhimhtralms uhparandbla jvm`utdvm quj jstaacute rjspa`nanm jh uha razugravehdhnunac`j5 iexcl[rmbrjsalms sdjlprj Aprmvjigjlms pujs mslmljhtms nj jsta rjjhiarhaidugraveh mcsjrvahnm nmldharhujstrms dhstdhtms ahdla`js a` fiha` iarbalms uha iarbafi`mbjhaumltdia nj `as jxpjrdjhidas nj` pasanm sdh tjhjr qujvm`vjr a j``as T imlm Oarnji ndem laquo`a ljtjlpsdimsds imlm`a jhtdjhnjh hm js vjrnanjraiquest9

( ranuiidugraveh nj m`a Bariigravea)

iexcl[rmbrjsalms sdjlprj Aprmvjigjlms

pujs `ms lmljhtms nj jstarjjhiarhaidugraveh mcsjrvahnm nmldharhujstrms dhstdhtms ahdla`js

9 Oarnji A``ah M dvrm nms Jspigraverdtms [rjbuhta 611 Jndidugraveh Mh`dhj FJC3 Oarnji A``ah M dvrm nms Jspigraverdtms [rjbuhta 619 Jndidugraveh Mh`dhj FJC

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3236

93 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

bull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aRjc5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjs

FaijCmmo5 wwwjspdrdtdslmiifaijcmmo

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`f5 +9gt 636 911 771

A`diahtjbull Ymidjnan Jspdrdtdsta A`diahtdhaNdrjiidugraveh5 I Cazaacuteh 3-3micro 91 A`diahtjRjc5 wwwsjajspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKsjajspdrdtaiml

^j`f5 +9gt 676 43 gt1

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta a uz nj` IaldhmNdrjiidugraveh5 Apartanm nj Imrrjms hmicro 122

99 bull Mrdguj`a (ADIAH^J)Rjc5 www`a`uznj`ialdhmiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 brupmjspdrdtaK`a`uznj`ialdhmiml ^j`f5 +9gt 46 964 1 rsquo +9gt 66 7gt4 627

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta a uz nj` [mrvjhdr Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Laumlndim `jnugrave 7 Caem - Apartanm 7

999 bull Irjvd``jhtj (ADIAH^J)Rjc5 www`a`uznj`pmrvjhdroarnjijs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 eahalmsomljhsoy143162Kblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 61 66 477

bull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms JspigraverdtasCjzjrra nj Ljhjzjs

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Cjhaiahtd` 2 - a Lata mrrjvdjea917 bull mrrjvdjea (ADIAH^J)

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ejsus211461Kyagmmjs

^j`f5 +9gt 61 6gt 364bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj CjhdnmrlNdrjiidugraveh5 I ^mlaacutes nj Mrtuntildem 4gt-3microA

91 bull Cjhdnmrl (ADIAH^J)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5ijhtrmjspdrdtacjhdnmrlKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 624 497 42

Carij`mhabull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj Dbua`anaNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Iarljh H 19- 1micro- 3ordf 72 bull Dbua`ana (CASIJMHA)Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsdbua`ana

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5jstundmsjspdrdtasdbua`anaKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 497 9 gt1 rsquo +9gt 64 1 3gt6

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ala`da Nmldhbm Ym`jr Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Vjhtura [`aea 1 - caems Ljtrm - Cana` 737 Carij`mhaRjc5 wwwijansoarnjijs Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijansKmhmiml ^j`f5 +9gt 66 913 672

Idunan Sja`bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Almr Fratjrhm Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Fjrrmiarrd` 22 196 bull A`iaacutezar nj Yah Euah (IDZNAN SJA)

Rjc5 wwwijalmrfratjrhmjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijhtrmjspdrdtaalmrfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 436 11 296

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ialdhm nj uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 Ahtdbua Iarrjtjra nj Lanrdn 3

193 bull Lahzaharjs (IDZNAN SJA)Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsijialdhmnj`uz Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijialdhmnj`uzKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 436 63 372 rsquo +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ejsotildes nj Hazarjt Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ymiuj``alms 2 192 bull mlj``msm (IDZNAN SJA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 larda`udsa436Kgmtlad`iml

^j`f +9gt 64 62 29

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Yah Iar`ms nj` Va``jNdrjiidugraveh5 I Salugraveh y Iaea` 12 193gt2 bull Yah Iar`ms nj` Va``j (IDZNAN SJA)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsajsiva

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijsva``jKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 436 69 7

Iugravernmcabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Almr y [rmbrjsmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Emsauml Mrtjba y Bassjt 4 1gt bull Lmhtd``a (IUgraveSNMCA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 almryprmbrjsmKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 42 6gt 921 rsquo +9gt 616 13 gt3

bull Fratjrhdnan Jspigraverdta Emsauml BrmssmNdrjiidugraveh5 IAhtmhdm Laura 3 9micro N

1gt bull IugravernmcaImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 fratjrhdnanemsjbrmssmKblad`iml

Rjc5 wwwimrnmcajspdrdtajs ^j`f5 9gt 42 396 gt39 rsquo 9gt 42 73

Ds`as Ca`jarjsbull Ijhtrm Jspdrdta Jllahuj`Ndrjiidugraveh5 mlaacutes Abud`ugrave Fmrtjza 93 211bull [a`la nj La``mria (DYAY CAJASJY)

Rjc5 wwwijhtrmjspdrdtajllahuj`ndvu`baidmhmrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijhtrmjspdrdtajllahuj`Kgmtlad`iml

j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 421 376 174 rsquo +9gt 694 316 gtgt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ds`as Ca`jarjs (IJDC)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a ^rmcana gt7 a-c

211bull [a`la nj La``mria (DYAY CAJASJY)

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijdcKijdcjs

Rjc5 wwwijdcjs

^j`f5 +9gt 62 47 7gt

aumlrdnabull Assmidaidugrave Jspigraverdta Mtus d Haumlral (AJMH)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Bjrlaha Ljriccedil Yahtaiaha 19 39 bull eumlrrjba (AumlSDNA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mtusdhjralKblad`iml

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsmtusdhjral ^j`f5 9gt 429 911 324

Lanrdnbull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj LanrdnNdrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a Cm`sa 1gt - 1micro niga

3713 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwjspdrdtaslanrdniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtaslanrdnKtj`jfmhdiahjt

Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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99Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta Frahidsim nj Asigraves nj`a Ydjrra

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a Iantildeana Sja` 33 1micro C37gt Im``anm Vd``a`ca (LANSDN)

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 f rahidsimnjasdsnj`asdjrraKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 627 16 441

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Jhtrj j` Idj`m y `a djrraNdrjiidugraveh5 Avna nj Lanrdn 34 `mia` 3767 bull Yah Lartigraveh nj Va`njdb`jsdas (LANSDN)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsjhtrjj`idj`my`atdjrra

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mab`dmKarraodsjs ^j`f5 +9gt 627 662 319 rsquo +9gt 627 662 313

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ljhsaejrms nj `a uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lanjra 1 - Caem

37gt bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwitvjsZYJSYijlj`gmljgtl

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijlj`lanrdnKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 9gt 41 976 3 77 rsquo 9gt 41 91gt 7 17bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms y Ndvu`baidugraveh

Jspigraverdta (IJTNJ)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lmhtjra 1-13 3ordf [`ahta - Hmicro 9 3719 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwijynjlanrdnmrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5aurmravaziaca``jrmKgmtlad`iml

ijynjlanrdnKyagmmjs

^j`f5 9gt 41 37 gt 71 rsquo +9gt 672 446 79

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundm Jspigraverdta jugraveh NjhdsNdrjiidugraveh5 Cmhjtjrm 9 ljtrm [dm WDD 3716 bull Lanrdn

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 `jmhnjhdsijKblad`imlRjc5 www`jmhnjhdsjs - wwwc`mb`jmhnjhdsjs

Laacute`ababull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas A``ah OarnjiNdrjiidugraveh5 I Gaumlrmjs nj Ymstma 29 J-1micro

343 bull Laacute`abaRjc5 wwwjndtmrajspdrdtaa``ahoarnjijs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 a`cmrahjndtmraKmhmiml

^j`f5 9gt 43 397 67 rsquo +9gt 62 7 32

Luridabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Sjidhtm nj [az Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a [az1 1micro N ([atdntildem) 913 LuridaRjc5 wwwijrjidhtmnjpazjs

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijrjidhtmnjpazKrjidhtmnjpazjs

ldbuj`ldvjbaKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 664 96 14

[mhtjvjnrabull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta [az Arlmhigravea y Iardnan

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Sotildea [jhds 31 - 1micro Niga 9631 bull Vdbm ([MH^JVJNSA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijpazarlmhdalmryiardnanKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 +9gt 61 7gt 136

Yjvd``abull Asmidaidugraveh Ijhtrm nj Jstundms

Jspigraverdtas nj Yjvd``aNdrjiidugraveh5 [rmspjrdnan 9 rdaha gt11 bull Yjvd``a

Rjc5 wwwjspdrdtassjvd``ajsImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 bjhmvjvala``mKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 4gt 379 7 rsquo +9gt 6 gt71 794

bull Brupm Jspigraverdta Hujvm Alahjijr Emahha nj Ahbj`ds

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ndjbm [ujrta 1 Jsi 9gt 2 A gt14 bull Yjvd``aRjc5 wwwhujvmalahjijrjspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtashujvmalahjijrKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 + 9gt 62 44 462 - + 9gt 62 44 46

^arrabmhabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Emahha nj Ahbj`dsNdrjiidugraveh5 [ucd`` Mrdm` 33

gt931 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 422 9gt6 16gt rsquo +9gt 63 gt61 67gt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Lahuj` y Ndva`nmNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Vdjhtm gt93 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)Rjc5 wwwijlyniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ar`dhbbKyagmmjs ^j`f5 +9gt 676 gt4 2gt6

Va`jhida

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Va`jhida Gmbar FratjrhmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Vd``ahujva nj Iastj``ugraveh 33 gt64 bull Va`jhidaRjc5 wwwasjsvamrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 gmbarfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 469 3 46 7

IJH^SMY JY[IgraveSD^AY MHDHJbull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aNdrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat (uhjs Ldaumlrim`js y Eujvjs 33g9)

Rjc5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`jfmhm5 +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas ‐YdhFrmhtjrasldquo

Ndrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat(Nmldhbms 31g)

Rjc5 gttp5ijjsdhfrmhtjrasjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijjsdhfrmhtjrasKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta

Abjhna Irdstdaha - JNDIJD gt ₠

A`cmrana Irdstdaha (Ljndahm) gt ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrDD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

Aacuternua Asijhsdugraveh 13 ₠

Atjhidugraveh (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ialdhm Vjrnan y Vdna - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Iartd``a nj` Cdjh - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Iuahnm Sjbrjsj `a [rdlavjra (Hmrla`) 2 ₠

Iujhtms Jspdrdtdstas 4 ₠

Njsnj a Mtra Vdna gt ₠

Njspdjrtj y Yja Fj`dz - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` A`la js Dhlmrta` 7 ₠

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta 4 ₠

J` Idj`m y j` Dhfijrhm - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Jspigraverdtu nj `a Vjrnan - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` Jvahbj`dm Yjbotildeh j` Jspdrdtdslm -JNDIJD

1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Yjr Yucimhsidjhtj 6 ₠

Jh `m Dhvdsdc`j 7 ₠

Jh `ms Nmldhdms nj `a Ljndulhdnan -JNDIJD

4 ₠

Jhtrj `a djrra y j` Idj`m - JNDIJD 4 ₠Jspdrdtdslm Lmnjrhm OA DJ ODHB - FJJ ₠

Jspdrdtdslm y Jim`mbigravea - JNDIJD 7 ₠

B`msardm Jspigraverdta (Cm`sd``m) 6 ₠

Buigravea [raacuteitdia nj` Jspdrdtdsta - FJJ ₠

Gdphmtdslm y Jspdrdtdslm 7 ₠

Ejsotildes jh j` Gmbar - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Eustdida Ndvdha - JNDIJD 7 ₠

a Baumlhjsds - JNDIJD 1 ₠

a Vdna jh Fald`da gt ₠

dcjraidugraveh - JNDIJD 4 ₠

as Vdnas Yuijsdvas 4 ₠

ms Ljhsaejrms - JNDIJD 7 ₠

ms Lujrtms Ydbujh Vdvdjhnm 6 ₠

Lahms Zhdnas (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljndtaidmhjs (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljlmrdas nj` [anrj Bjrlaacuteh 2 ₠

Ljhsaej nj uh Anm`jsijhtj njsnj j`Luhnm Jspdrdtua` - JNDIJD ₠

Ldsdmhjrms nj `a uz - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Lujrtj js Vdna 6 ₠

Hujstrm Gmbar - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Mcrjrms nj `a Vdna Jtjrha - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[ah Hujstrm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[jhsaldjhtm y Vdna - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Sj`dbdugraveh nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 177 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 174 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Yjntildea` Vjrnj gt ₠

Yjxm y Njstdhm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Ydjlcra nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Yuc`dlj Jxpdaidugraveh - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Vdna Fj`dz - JNDIJD 2 ₠

Lm`njahnm j` ^jrijr Ld`jhdm - Vdna yMcra nj Ndva`nm [ Frahim

1 ₠

Vdna y Yjxm - JNDIJD 6 ₠

T `a Vdna Imhtdhotildeahellip JNDIJD 7 ₠

dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ

Ugraverbahm jndtmrda` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a sdh aacutehdlm nj `uirm quj rjdhvdjrtj jh j` prmpdm

`dcrm jspigraverdta Yj gaijh jhvigravems imhtra rjjlcm`sm Gaba su pjndnm prjfjrdc`jljhtj pmr imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim adhfmKjspdrdtdslmii m pmr tj`aumlfmhm5 636 911 771

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Vdna ahtjs nj `a Vdna

Jhtrjvdsta a Iar`msSmcjrtm Ialpjttd

Jhfjrljnanjs nj` a`la[aacutebdha 1gt

Jvdnjhidas Idjhtigravefiias a favmr nj`a Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna [aacutebdha 3

[`ahjaldjhtm rjjhiarhatmrdm[aacutebdha 13

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐ms Gdems nj` Ayjrldquo

[aacutebdha 37

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 3bull Jndidugraveh Mitucrj 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

1 antildems nj J` `dcrm nj `ms laumlnduls

Jhtrjvdsta a` LaumlndulNdva`nm Frahim

Ljndulhdnan nj jfjitms figravesdims[aacutebdha 1gt

^rahsimluhdiaidugraveh dhstruljhta`[aacutebdha 3

Fmrlaidugraveh nj` Laumlndul[aacutebdha 13

Jspdrdtdslm jh a dtjratura

[aacutebdha 37

frac12Ejsotildes jra laumlndul=[aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 1bull Jndidugraveh Eu`dm 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Jspdrdtdslm imlm fi`msmfigravea nj vdna

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm57bull Jndidugravehacrd`31gtbull [rjidm59

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm52bull JndidugravehMitucrj 319bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

ms Ijhtrms jspdrdtdstas njcjh sjr`a iaacutetjnra nj` Jspigraverdtu nj Vjrnan

QZAuml JY J JY[DSD^DYLM=

DH^SMNZIIDUgraveHA IMHMIDLDJH^M NJ LZHNM DHVDYDCJ

[MS AY LAHDFJY^AIDMHJY NJ MY JY[IgraveSD^ZY

Imhtdjhj j` rjsuljh nj ms prdhidpdms nj a nmitrdha jspdrdtdsta y as rjs-pujstas a as prdhidpa`js mcejidmhjs

pmr

A``ah - Oarnjiautmr nj` dcrm nj ms jspigraverdtus y nj` dcrm nj ms Ljnduls

JNDIDUgraveH JIMHUgraveLDIA

[rjidm 3 rja`js

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh Jspantildea

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm56bull JndidugravehEu`dm319bull[rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5bull JndidugravehLarzm319bull [rjidm59₠

nj a FJJ

Jspdrdtdslm jh j` luhnm[aacutebdha 37

[rjiursmrjs nj` Jspdrdtdslm[aacutebdha 6

Artgur Imhah Nmy`j[aacutebdha 32

Idjhtigravefiims jspigraverdtas nj`sdb`m WDW [aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a rjvj`aidugraveh jspigraverdtay A``ah Oarnji [aacutebdha 17

a SjvujYpdrdtj [aacutebdha 3

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

a Vdna jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

[sdim`mbigravea jh j` laacutes a``aacute[aacutebdha 1gt

Aacutehbj`js BuarndahjsJspigraverdtus [rm-tjitmrjsFald`darjs y Ydlpaacutetdims

[aacutebdha 32[jrdjspigraverdtu

[aacutebdha 33

ms Yujntildems Jspdrdtua`js[aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐HMYYM ASldquo

Jhtrjvdsta aYahtdaba Hmbujrm [aacutebdha 1

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5gtbull JndidugravehYjptdjlcrj 313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

^rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

a vdna jtjrha[aacutebdha 1

^rahsdidugraveh p`ahjtarda[aacutebdha 37

[`ura`dnan nj luhnms gacdtanms[aacutebdha 39

Jvm`uidugraveh gdstugraverdia nj` pjhsaldjh-tm jspdrdtua` [aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Jhtrjvdsta

Cdmbrafigravea

a Larigravea nj `aBraida nj Jh-

njr [aacutebdha 12

aumlmh Njhds[aacutebdha 7

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm59bull JndidugravehLarzm313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

[jtdidugraveh nj hotildeljrms ahtjrdmrjs5

H 1 rsquo 1 Antildems nj` ‐dcrm nj`ms Laumlndulsldquo

H 3 rsquo Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna

H 9 rsquo rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

H gt rsquo a Vdna jh j` luhnmjspdrdtua`

H rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

H 6 rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslmjh Jspantildea

H 2 rsquo J` Ijhtrm Jspdrdta

H 7 rsquo J` Jspdrdtdslm imlmfi`msmfigravea nj vdna

pjndnmsrjvdstafjjKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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DHFMSLAIDUgraveH T SJYJSVAY5

YJISJ^ASIgraveA AumlIHDIAMSBAHDUA

IMHFJSJHIDAY

T YJLDHASDMY

bull J` Luhnm Dhvdsdc`j

bull Sjbrjsm a `a vdna jspdrdtua`

bull J` laacutes a``aacute nj` sudidna

bull a lotildesdia jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

jqud`dcrdm para j` a`la

bull Jspigraverdtus y su gdstmrda jh `a gulahd-

nan

bull ^jrapda nj` almr

bull Imluhdiaidugraveh imh `ms jspigraverdtus5

ldtms y vjrnanjs

bull Njsvj`ahnm `m dhvdsdc`j (prujcas idjhtigrave-

fiias fi`msugravefiias j gdstugraverdias)

I d ` n d d dc`

a partdidpaidugraveh a jstj jvjhtm jstaacute acdjrta a tmnas aquj``as pjrsmhas dhtjrjsanas

IMHFJSJHIDAH^JY

Ndva`nm [ Frahim - A`frjnm A`mhsm nj `a Fujhtj - A`frjnm

^acujntildea - Vditmr Suahm - Iar`ms Ialpjttd - Euah Ldbuj`

Fjrhaacutehnjz - Eahaigraveha Ldhj``d - Iarljh Iarnmha - Ldbuj`

Vjra - M`ba Mrtdz

6 2 y 7 Ndidjlcrj 31gt

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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36 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM

J` 3gt nj euhdm nj 14gt9 fuj para `a idunan nj Baumlhmva(Dta`da) uh nigravea jldhjhtjljhtj trdstj Zhm nj sus laacutesiauml`jcrjs dhvjstdbanmrjs psigravequdims partigravea gaida j` mtrm `anmnj a vdna a ms 71 antildems nj jnan njspuaumls nj gacjr njeanmjsirdtm para `a gdstmrda laacutes nj sjsjhta mcras y idjhtms njartigraveiu`ms casanms jh sus dhvjstdbaidmhjs

Jrhjstm Cmzzahm gacigravea haidnm jh `a ldsla idunanquj `j vdm lmrdr j` 4 nj jhjrm nj 1763 Yu fald`dajimhugraveldialjhtj aimlmnana `m rjidcdugrave euhtm imh mtrmsiuatrm gjrlahms laacutes mcsjrvahnm iugravelm sj njstaiacajh auml` uh almr apasdmhahtj pmr j` aprjhndzaej ^a` jra asigravequj a `ms iuatrm antildems suejtahnm imh sus pjqujntildeas lahmsuh vm`uldhmsm y ldstjrdmsm tmlm smcrj `a `dtjraturabjhmvjsa dhsdstigravea a su lanrj para quj j jhsjntildeara a `jjr`m

[asa j` tdjlpm y Cmzzahm js a`jhtanm a jstundar jhuha jsiuj`a taumlihdia pjrm a `ms iatmrij antildems tras luigas`aacutebrdlas js mc`dbanm pmr su panrj a acahnmhar`a Jstmfmrta`jidugrave su pjrsmha`dnan ya quj a partdr nj jhtmhijs suljta fuj anqudrdr imlm `jy uha brah iu`tura njspjrtahnmluigigravesdlm dhtjraumls pmr `ms brahnjs i`aacutesdims dta`dahms a`dtjratura fuj su prdljra vmiaidugraveh y tras imhvjrtdrsj jhuh autmndnaita js iapaz nj `jjr jh dhb`aumls `as mcras nj `ms

pmjtas ^gmlas Lmmrj [jriy Cyssgj Ygj``jy Emgh Ld`tmh yRd``dal Ygaojspjarj

Imh qudhij antildems sj jhiujhtra dhtjrjsanm pmr `asndfjrjhtjs aacuterjas nj` imhmidldjhtm5 `a pa`jmhtm`mbigravea `aastrmhmligravea as idjhidas hatura`js a psdim`mbigravea y a fi`msmfigraveaidjhtigravefiia Anjlaacutes njsnj su euvjhtun ya sjhtigravea uhadhusdtana atraiidugraveh pmr `ms prmc`jlas nj `a pjrsmha`dnangulaha prdhidpa`ljhtj ms quj imhnuiigraveah a as iausas nj`ms sufrdldjhtms `a fiha`dnan y `a razugraveh nj `a vdna gulaha

Vdjhj `a naumliana fi`msugravefiia jhtrj 1773 y 1743 nmhnjdhtjhta pjhjtrar jh j` pjhsaldjhtm nj ms brahnjs fi`ugravesmfmsnjsnj [`atugraveh Njsiartjs Bjmrb Rd`gj`l Frdjnrdig mtzjSmsldhd y Vdhijhzm Bdmcjrtd quj tras `arbms y `acmrdmsmsantildems nj dhvjstdbaidugraveh jh jstj ialpm nj `a fi`msmfigravea hm``jha sus jspjranms ahgj`ms

Ydh jlcarbm j` jstundm nj` sdstjla nj` brah fi`ugravesmfmdhb`js Gjrcjrt Ypjhijr `j njspdjrta y nurahtj nms antildemssj njndia a ahmtar y i`asdfiiar sus imhijptms pmr j` brahimhtjhdnm fi`msugravefiim quj njsiucrj jh auml` sdjhnm su igravenm`m ynjeahnm uha dhffiujhida luy lariana jh Cmzzahm

A partdr nj aquigrave sj imhvdrtdugrave sjbotildeh sus pa`acras jhuh pmsdtdvdsta-latjrda`dsta imhvjhidnm gasta ta` puhtm quj`j parjiigravea dhirjigravec`j quj gucdjra luigas bjhtjs nj alp`daiu`tura dhtj`jitua` quj pundjrah irjjr jh `a jxdstjhida m`a supjrvdvjhida nj` jspigraverdtu laquoLd pjhsaldjhtm jra ta` qujjsirdcigrave ar tigraveiu`ms jh apmym a lds imhvdiidmhjs J` rjiujrnmnj jsj iursm lj gaij dhnu`bjhtj y tm`jrahtj nj uhanjtjrldhana i`asj nj ahtabmhdstas quj nj cujha fj ndijhsjr iapaijs nj rjfutar `as imhi`usdmhjs jxpjrdljhta`jsrdburmsas quj gah ``jbanm a` hjm-jspdrdtua`dslm y quj sjmpmhjh a `as dhnuiidmhjs y njnuiidmhjs nj [sdim`mbigravea jhquj ym irjigravea gaij gt antildemsiquest

laquoJs hjijsardm imlprjhnjr quj jh `a aumlpmia a `a qujlj rjfijrm ym hm sacigravea hana nj `a dhvjstdbaidugraveh nj `aljndulhdnan m jspdrdtdslm imh `a jxijpidugraveh nj crjvjsartigraveiu`ms quj gacigravea jigravenm jh ms pjrdugravendims sdh prjstar laacutesatjhidugraveh nj ms laumlnduls quj sjntildea`auml pdanmsaljhtj smcrj

`a irjnu`dnan nj `ms jspdrdtdstasiquestlaquoYuijndugrave sdh jlcarbm -imhtdhotildea imhtahnm Cmzzahm-

quj jh 1741 j` prmfjsmr frahiaumls gaumlmnu`j-Arlahn Sdcmtndrjitmr nj `a Sjvuj [gd`msmpgdquj lj jsirdcdugrave paraimluhdiarlj `a puc`diaidugraveh nj uha prugravexdla rjvdsta caemj` tigravetu`m Ahha`js njs Yidjhijs [syigdqujs iuym ndrjitmr jraj` Nr Nardjux prjnjijsmr nj` lajstrm Igar`js SdigjtJra uha rjvdsta quj sj prmpusm prdhidpa`ljhtj rjimbjry jxaldhar a`buhms iasms iurdmsms nj `a trahsldsdugravehnj` pjhsaldjhtm a ndstahida dhi`udnm caem j` hmlcrj nj‐fjhugraveljhms tj`jpaacutetdimsldquoiquest

laquoa psdim`mbigravea ldstjrdmsa jsimhndna jh jsta frasj lj``alugrave `a iurdmsdnan a` dbua` quj j` hmlcrj nj` prmfjsmrSdigjt fuj sufiidjhtj para barahtdzar `a sjrdjnan nj `ajlprjsa Sjspmhnigrave a` prmfjsmr Sdcmt abranjidaumlhnm`j `a

CDMBSAFIgraveA5JSHJY^M CMUUAHM

Ndvu`banmr jspigraverdta artdiu`dsta y imhfjrjhidahtj [artdidpa jhprmbralas nj randm y tj`jvdsdugraveh nj tjlaacutetdia jspdrdtua` Js prjsdnjhtjnj `a Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj Lanrdn Euah Ldbuj` Fjrhaacutehnjz

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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32CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

atjhidugraveh y lj dhi`uyugrave jhtrj `ms susirdptmrjs nj `a rjvdstaNji`arm sdhijraljhtj quj `a `jitura nj sus prdljrmshotildeljrms prmnuem uha dlprjsdugraveh njsastrmsa jh ld irdtjrdmpmsdtdvdsta drrjimhid`dac`jiquest

laquo[arjiigravea dhndbhahtj quj a`buhms rjprjsjhtahtjs nj`a idjhida mfiida` qujrigraveah ndsiutdr sjrdaljhtj `a trahsldsdugravehnj` pjhsaldjhtm nj uh imhtdhjhtj a mtrm `as apardidmhjsnj fahtaslas tj`jpaacutetdims imlm jhtdnanjs rja`js y iasmsaitua`js dhqudjtahtjs J` pmnjr dhgdcdnmr nj prjimhijptmsimhvjrtdnm jh ld faiu`tan nj ta`js razmhaldjhtms jra

tmta`ljhtj dhaiijsdcj a `as hujvas dnjas m laacutes cdjh a `mshujvms aitms pmrquj `ms gjigms rja`ljhtj njiigraveah qujjrah idjhtigravefiims y rdburmsaljhtj nmiuljhtanms auhqujym hm jra iapaz nj asdld`ar`msiquest

laquoIuahnm tmnavigravea lahtjhigravea ld jstanm ljhta` aparjidugravejh `a Sjvuj [gd`msmpgdquj uh `arbm artigraveiu`m nj` prmfjsmrSmsjhcaig nj Yah [jtjrscurbm (Susda) vdm`jhtaljhtjataiahnm `a ‐dhtrusdugraveh sairigrave`jba nj jstj hujvm ldstdidslmldquojh `as dhljndaidmhjs nj `a psdim`mbigravea mfiida` y jxp`diahnm

`ms hujvms iasms nj `ms supujstms nj `a ‐a`uidhaidugravehldquo `as‐imdhidnjhidas fmrtudtasldquo y a`buhms laacutes quj hm pujnmrjimrnar ^a`js rjfutaidmhjs parjijh tah tmrpjs y imh ta`ndsiapaidnan quj prmnuij j` jfjitm imhtrardm nj `m quj j`autmr prjtjhnigravea ndsbustahnm ld ljhtj Lj imhvjhiigrave nj qujj` prmc`jla jra rja`ljhtj `ms gjigms asigrave quj iata`mbuaumlsj`jiidmhauml y i`asdfiquauml para rja`dzar j` ahaacute`dsds imlparatdvmiquest

laquoa jxij`jhida nj` laumltmnm nj dhvjstdbaidugraveh sdld`arfuj prmcanm nj ta` lahjra quj aotildeh `m usm gasta `a fjigaBuarnm uh dlpjrjijnjrm rjiujrnm nj jstj pjrdmnm njdhvjstdbaidugraveh fjrvdjhtj y pjrsjvjrahtj pmrquj a travaumlsnj j``ms lj gdij iapaz nj rjsm`vjr lds hujvas irjjhidas

jspdrdtdstas smcrj uha casj idjhtigravefiia firlj as mcras njSmcjrt Na`j Mwjh Jpjs Yarbjht nj `a Yra Lmrbah ynj` Nr Rm`fj lj dhffiujhidarmh a anmptar ld hujvm puhtmnj vdsta smcrj `a fjhmljhm`mbigravea psigravequdia y jfjitms figravesdimsas sjsdmhjs jxpjrdljhta`js imh Rd``dal Ytadhtmh Lmsjsfujrmh `as quj prmnuejrmh j` laymr jfjitm pjrsuasdvmsmcrj lds irjjhidas a iausa nj `a dhtjrvjhidugraveh nj uhjspigraverdtu jh `a fjhmljhm`mbigravea jhtrj `ms antildems 1743 y 1749iquest

laquoAsigrave punj jxpjrdljhtar y aprjhnjr imh j` rjputanmidjhtigravefiim a partdr nj `ms arbuljhtms Jhtjhndaumlhnmsj sdhjlcarbm quj gacigravea ``jbanm j` tdjlpm jh j` quj sj njcjimhfirlar lds imhmidldjhtms tjugraverdims y as dhvjstdbaidmhjs

jxpjrdljhta`jsiquest tjrldha CmzzahmSjimrnjlms quj su prdljra aprmxdlaidugraveh a`

jstundm nj` Jspdrdtdslm fuj `a hjbaidugraveh nj` fjhugraveljhm

Jra uh pjhsanmr pmsdtdvdsta Yus prdljras dhiursdmhjsjh `ms jstundms nj `ms fjhugraveljhms jspigraverdtas a travaumls nj`a mcra nj A`jxahnjr Aosaomv jh Ahdldslm y Jspdrdtdslm y ms fahtaslas nj `a sa`a nj jstar nj Burhjs Lyjrs `jimhvdrtdjrmh njfihdtdvaljhtj jh uh dhvjstdbanmr psigravequdim

A partdr nj 14 Cmzzahm imljhzugrave a partdidpar jh`ms jxpjrdljhtms smcrj laumlnduls y a jsirdcdr artigraveiu`mssmcrj sus imhi`usdmhjs Huhia sj njsiudnugrave y fuj luyirigravetdim jh sus dhvjstdbaidmhjs imhvdrtdaumlhnmsj jh uhmnj `ms idjhtigravefiims laacutes prmnuitdvms nj `ms fjhugraveljhmspsigravequdims Jhtrj sus lotilde`tdp`js mcras quj fujrmh tranuidnasa huljrmsms dndmlas sj jhiujhtrah `ms dhfmrljs nj `asrjuhdmhjs lahtjhdnas imh Jusapda [a`andhm uha nj `aslaumlnduls nj jfjitms figravesdims laacutes dlpmrtahtjs nj jsa aumlpmiaYu rjputaidugraveh `j pjrldtdugrave lahtjhjr imrrjspmhnjhidaimh `ms prdhidpa`js rjprjsjhtahtjs nj `a ljtapsigravequdiadhi`uyjhnm idjhtigravefiims ta`js imlm `ms figravesdims dhb`jsjsRd``dal Irmmojs y M`dvjr mnbj y j` fisdugrave`mbm frahiaumlsIgar`js Sdigjt

a njsjhiarhaidugraveh nj su lanrj jh eu`dm nj 1413sdrvdugrave nj pujhtj para `a njlmstraidugraveh nj `a supjrvdvjhidanj` a`la Cmzzahm rja`dzaca jh jsa aumlpmia sjsdmhjssjlaha`js imh uh rjnuidnm brupm nj aldbms y imh `apartdidpaidugraveh nj uha falmsa laumlndul Sja`dzahnm uhasjsdugraveh jh `a quj sj imhljlmraca j` prdljr ahdvjrsardmnj `a lujrtj nj su prmbjhdtmra `a laumlndul jsirdcdugrave uhaspa`acras jh uh trmzm nj papj` quj njspuaumls nj `jigravenas pmrCmzzahm `m njearmh asmlcranm A``igrave jstacah jsirdtms `msnms otilde`tdlms vjrsms nj` jpdtafim quj aquj` ldslm nigravea auml`gacigravea njeanm jh j` totildelu`m nj su lanrj

Fuj [rjsdnjhtj Gmhmrardm nj` micro Imhbrjsm Jspigraverdta

Dhtjrhaidmha` ij`jcranm jh Carij`mha jh 149gt [mr suaituaidugraveh rjidcdugrave nj `ms jspigraverdtas crdtaacutehdims uha ljna``anj mrm quj imhtjhigravea `a sdbudjhtj frasj laquoA` Brah Lajstrmnj` A`la Jrhjstm Cmzzahm quj acrdugrave hujvms gmrdzmhtjsa `a gulahdnan sufrdjhtj nj sus aldbms y anldranmrjsiquestJrhjstm Cmzzahm apmrtugrave uha dhjstdlac`j imhtrdcuidugraveh a aidjhida jspigraverdta Casta njidr quj sus tracaems smh sdjlprjuha fujhtj uhdvjrsa`

a otilde`tdla jtapa nj su vdna fuj luy trdstj njcdnm aprmc`jlas jimhugraveldims y nj sa`un

Fdha`dzalms imh jsta frasj nj su mcra LjtapsigravequdiaGulaha5 laquoAfirlar sdh tjlmr a jqudvmiarhms quj fujranj `a gdpugravetjsds jspigraverdta hm gay handj iapaz nj jxp`diar`ms iasms ahaacute`mbms a `ms quj aiacm nj jxpmhjriquest

Jrhjstm Cmzzahm

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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37 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA

DHY^DH^M JDH^JDBJHIDA

Mnmhtugrave`mba prjsdnjhta nj a Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta ‐Yjhnjrm nj [azldquojh Carrahqud``a (Im`mlcda) Imhfjrjhidahtj jspigraverdta y jxprjsdnjhtjnj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj `a Imsta At`aacutehtdia

Iarljh Iarnmha

Yjbotildeh `ms jstundms nj `a Cdm`mbigravea y `a [a`jmhtm`mbigravea`a vdna mrbaacutehdia jh `a ^djrra aparjij jh `a otilde`tdla jtapanj `a Jra Arqujmzmdia jh j` [jrigravemnm [rjiaacutelcrdim avdna sugrave`m pmnigravea affimrar y jstar njcdnaljhtj mrnjhana jhsu ialdhm jvm`utdvm a iausa nj uh ialpm nj imlahnmquj pundjsj dhffiujhidar j dhijhtdvar `as fmrlas jstm js j`prdhidpdm-uhdfiianmr m jspdrdtua` quj sj lahdfijsta jh `msfjhugraveljhms nj `a vdna imlm ‐hjijsdnanjsldquo imh j` fih nja`iahzar uha njtjrldhana pmsdidugraveh nj mrnjh arlmhigravea yjqud`dcrdm

J` ldhjra` pmsjj tahtm `a vdna imlm j` vjbjta` y j`ahdla` J` prdhidpdm uhdfiianmr `a jsjhida quj prjsdnj `asfmrlas y j` ljtacm`dslm nj `a ffimra y nj `a fauha jxdstj

talcdaumlh jh j` rjdhm ldhjra` prjsdn djhnm `as fujrzas njatraiidugraveh y rjpu`sdugraveh jh quj `ms aacutetmlms y `as lm`aumliu`as sjuhdfiiah y jqud`dcrah A ljndna quj ms j`jljhtms ndspjrsmssj fujrmh rjuhdjhnm as prdljras imlcdhaidmhjs fmrlarmhiujrpms jxi`usdvaljhtj dhmrbaacutehdims `as pdjnras `as abuasy tmna `a ndvjrsdnan nj ldhjra`js Iuahnm jsms ldslmsj`jljhtms sj lmndfiiarmh pmr aiidugraveh nj` ffiudnm vdta`bdquoqujhm js j` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtjbdquofmrlarmh iujrpms nmtanmsnj vdta`dnan imh uha mrbahdzaidugraveh imhstahtj y rjbu`ar ianauhm jh su jspjidj

J` vjbjta` njspuhta imlm imhsjiujhida nj `aimmrndhaidugraveh nj` jej-vdta` m ndhaldslm jspdrdtua` qujva lmnj`ahnm `as fmrlas figravesdias nj ldirmsiugravepdiasa lairmsiugravepdias jh j` fmhnm nj `as abuas imh `as

tjlpjraturas anjiuanas y sdh `as imhvu`sdmhjs tj`otilderdias nj`a supjrfiidj nj aquj``a aumlpmia

J` jej vdta` m psdqudslm prdlardm va anqudrdjhnmjxpjrdjhidas jh `as dnas y vjhdnas nj` ialpm jhjrbaumltdim

a` ialpm latjrda` y vdijvjrsa njtjrldhahnm uha apjrturaiigravei`dia quj pmsdcd`dtarigravea `a anqudsdidugraveh nj iua`dnanjs nj`ms pjqujntildems idi`ms nj vdna quj sj vah fmrlahnm a vdnasj va jxpahndjhnm y lmstrahnm dhfihdtas fmrlas a partdrnj iujrpms sdlp`js imlm imhsjiujhida nj `a aiidugraveh nj`prdhidpdm-jspdrdtua`

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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99Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta Frahidsim nj Asigraves nj`a Ydjrra

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a Iantildeana Sja` 33 1micro C37gt Im``anm Vd``a`ca (LANSDN)

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 f rahidsimnjasdsnj`asdjrraKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 627 16 441

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Jhtrj j` Idj`m y `a djrraNdrjiidugraveh5 Avna nj Lanrdn 34 `mia` 3767 bull Yah Lartigraveh nj Va`njdb`jsdas (LANSDN)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsjhtrjj`idj`my`atdjrra

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mab`dmKarraodsjs ^j`f5 +9gt 627 662 319 rsquo +9gt 627 662 313

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ljhsaejrms nj `a uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lanjra 1 - Caem

37gt bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwitvjsZYJSYijlj`gmljgtl

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijlj`lanrdnKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 9gt 41 976 3 77 rsquo 9gt 41 91gt 7 17bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms y Ndvu`baidugraveh

Jspigraverdta (IJTNJ)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lmhtjra 1-13 3ordf [`ahta - Hmicro 9 3719 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwijynjlanrdnmrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5aurmravaziaca``jrmKgmtlad`iml

ijynjlanrdnKyagmmjs

^j`f5 9gt 41 37 gt 71 rsquo +9gt 672 446 79

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundm Jspigraverdta jugraveh NjhdsNdrjiidugraveh5 Cmhjtjrm 9 ljtrm [dm WDD 3716 bull Lanrdn

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 `jmhnjhdsijKblad`imlRjc5 www`jmhnjhdsjs - wwwc`mb`jmhnjhdsjs

Laacute`ababull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas A``ah OarnjiNdrjiidugraveh5 I Gaumlrmjs nj Ymstma 29 J-1micro

343 bull Laacute`abaRjc5 wwwjndtmrajspdrdtaa``ahoarnjijs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 a`cmrahjndtmraKmhmiml

^j`f5 9gt 43 397 67 rsquo +9gt 62 7 32

Luridabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Sjidhtm nj [az Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a [az1 1micro N ([atdntildem) 913 LuridaRjc5 wwwijrjidhtmnjpazjs

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijrjidhtmnjpazKrjidhtmnjpazjs

ldbuj`ldvjbaKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 664 96 14

[mhtjvjnrabull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta [az Arlmhigravea y Iardnan

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Sotildea [jhds 31 - 1micro Niga 9631 bull Vdbm ([MH^JVJNSA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijpazarlmhdalmryiardnanKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 +9gt 61 7gt 136

Yjvd``abull Asmidaidugraveh Ijhtrm nj Jstundms

Jspigraverdtas nj Yjvd``aNdrjiidugraveh5 [rmspjrdnan 9 rdaha gt11 bull Yjvd``a

Rjc5 wwwjspdrdtassjvd``ajsImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 bjhmvjvala``mKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 4gt 379 7 rsquo +9gt 6 gt71 794

bull Brupm Jspigraverdta Hujvm Alahjijr Emahha nj Ahbj`ds

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ndjbm [ujrta 1 Jsi 9gt 2 A gt14 bull Yjvd``aRjc5 wwwhujvmalahjijrjspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtashujvmalahjijrKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 + 9gt 62 44 462 - + 9gt 62 44 46

^arrabmhabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Emahha nj Ahbj`dsNdrjiidugraveh5 [ucd`` Mrdm` 33

gt931 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 422 9gt6 16gt rsquo +9gt 63 gt61 67gt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Lahuj` y Ndva`nmNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Vdjhtm gt93 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)Rjc5 wwwijlyniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ar`dhbbKyagmmjs ^j`f5 +9gt 676 gt4 2gt6

Va`jhida

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Va`jhida Gmbar FratjrhmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Vd``ahujva nj Iastj``ugraveh 33 gt64 bull Va`jhidaRjc5 wwwasjsvamrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 gmbarfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 469 3 46 7

IJH^SMY JY[IgraveSD^AY MHDHJbull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aNdrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat (uhjs Ldaumlrim`js y Eujvjs 33g9)

Rjc5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`jfmhm5 +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas ‐YdhFrmhtjrasldquo

Ndrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat(Nmldhbms 31g)

Rjc5 gttp5ijjsdhfrmhtjrasjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijjsdhfrmhtjrasKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta

Abjhna Irdstdaha - JNDIJD gt ₠

A`cmrana Irdstdaha (Ljndahm) gt ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrDD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

Aacuternua Asijhsdugraveh 13 ₠

Atjhidugraveh (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ialdhm Vjrnan y Vdna - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Iartd``a nj` Cdjh - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Iuahnm Sjbrjsj `a [rdlavjra (Hmrla`) 2 ₠

Iujhtms Jspdrdtdstas 4 ₠

Njsnj a Mtra Vdna gt ₠

Njspdjrtj y Yja Fj`dz - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` A`la js Dhlmrta` 7 ₠

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta 4 ₠

J` Idj`m y j` Dhfijrhm - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Jspigraverdtu nj `a Vjrnan - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` Jvahbj`dm Yjbotildeh j` Jspdrdtdslm -JNDIJD

1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Yjr Yucimhsidjhtj 6 ₠

Jh `m Dhvdsdc`j 7 ₠

Jh `ms Nmldhdms nj `a Ljndulhdnan -JNDIJD

4 ₠

Jhtrj `a djrra y j` Idj`m - JNDIJD 4 ₠Jspdrdtdslm Lmnjrhm OA DJ ODHB - FJJ ₠

Jspdrdtdslm y Jim`mbigravea - JNDIJD 7 ₠

B`msardm Jspigraverdta (Cm`sd``m) 6 ₠

Buigravea [raacuteitdia nj` Jspdrdtdsta - FJJ ₠

Gdphmtdslm y Jspdrdtdslm 7 ₠

Ejsotildes jh j` Gmbar - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Eustdida Ndvdha - JNDIJD 7 ₠

a Baumlhjsds - JNDIJD 1 ₠

a Vdna jh Fald`da gt ₠

dcjraidugraveh - JNDIJD 4 ₠

as Vdnas Yuijsdvas 4 ₠

ms Ljhsaejrms - JNDIJD 7 ₠

ms Lujrtms Ydbujh Vdvdjhnm 6 ₠

Lahms Zhdnas (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljndtaidmhjs (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljlmrdas nj` [anrj Bjrlaacuteh 2 ₠

Ljhsaej nj uh Anm`jsijhtj njsnj j`Luhnm Jspdrdtua` - JNDIJD ₠

Ldsdmhjrms nj `a uz - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Lujrtj js Vdna 6 ₠

Hujstrm Gmbar - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Mcrjrms nj `a Vdna Jtjrha - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[ah Hujstrm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[jhsaldjhtm y Vdna - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Sj`dbdugraveh nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 177 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 174 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Yjntildea` Vjrnj gt ₠

Yjxm y Njstdhm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Ydjlcra nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Yuc`dlj Jxpdaidugraveh - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Vdna Fj`dz - JNDIJD 2 ₠

Lm`njahnm j` ^jrijr Ld`jhdm - Vdna yMcra nj Ndva`nm [ Frahim

1 ₠

Vdna y Yjxm - JNDIJD 6 ₠

T `a Vdna Imhtdhotildeahellip JNDIJD 7 ₠

dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ

Ugraverbahm jndtmrda` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a sdh aacutehdlm nj `uirm quj rjdhvdjrtj jh j` prmpdm

`dcrm jspigraverdta Yj gaijh jhvigravems imhtra rjjlcm`sm Gaba su pjndnm prjfjrdc`jljhtj pmr imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim adhfmKjspdrdtdslmii m pmr tj`aumlfmhm5 636 911 771

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Vdna ahtjs nj `a Vdna

Jhtrjvdsta a Iar`msSmcjrtm Ialpjttd

Jhfjrljnanjs nj` a`la[aacutebdha 1gt

Jvdnjhidas Idjhtigravefiias a favmr nj`a Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna [aacutebdha 3

[`ahjaldjhtm rjjhiarhatmrdm[aacutebdha 13

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐ms Gdems nj` Ayjrldquo

[aacutebdha 37

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 3bull Jndidugraveh Mitucrj 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

1 antildems nj J` `dcrm nj `ms laumlnduls

Jhtrjvdsta a` LaumlndulNdva`nm Frahim

Ljndulhdnan nj jfjitms figravesdims[aacutebdha 1gt

^rahsimluhdiaidugraveh dhstruljhta`[aacutebdha 3

Fmrlaidugraveh nj` Laumlndul[aacutebdha 13

Jspdrdtdslm jh a dtjratura

[aacutebdha 37

frac12Ejsotildes jra laumlndul=[aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 1bull Jndidugraveh Eu`dm 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Jspdrdtdslm imlm fi`msmfigravea nj vdna

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm57bull Jndidugravehacrd`31gtbull [rjidm59

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm52bull JndidugravehMitucrj 319bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

ms Ijhtrms jspdrdtdstas njcjh sjr`a iaacutetjnra nj` Jspigraverdtu nj Vjrnan

QZAuml JY J JY[DSD^DYLM=

DH^SMNZIIDUgraveHA IMHMIDLDJH^M NJ LZHNM DHVDYDCJ

[MS AY LAHDFJY^AIDMHJY NJ MY JY[IgraveSD^ZY

Imhtdjhj j` rjsuljh nj ms prdhidpdms nj a nmitrdha jspdrdtdsta y as rjs-pujstas a as prdhidpa`js mcejidmhjs

pmr

A``ah - Oarnjiautmr nj` dcrm nj ms jspigraverdtus y nj` dcrm nj ms Ljnduls

JNDIDUgraveH JIMHUgraveLDIA

[rjidm 3 rja`js

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh Jspantildea

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm56bull JndidugravehEu`dm319bull[rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5bull JndidugravehLarzm319bull [rjidm59₠

nj a FJJ

Jspdrdtdslm jh j` luhnm[aacutebdha 37

[rjiursmrjs nj` Jspdrdtdslm[aacutebdha 6

Artgur Imhah Nmy`j[aacutebdha 32

Idjhtigravefiims jspigraverdtas nj`sdb`m WDW [aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a rjvj`aidugraveh jspigraverdtay A``ah Oarnji [aacutebdha 17

a SjvujYpdrdtj [aacutebdha 3

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

a Vdna jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

[sdim`mbigravea jh j` laacutes a``aacute[aacutebdha 1gt

Aacutehbj`js BuarndahjsJspigraverdtus [rm-tjitmrjsFald`darjs y Ydlpaacutetdims

[aacutebdha 32[jrdjspigraverdtu

[aacutebdha 33

ms Yujntildems Jspdrdtua`js[aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐HMYYM ASldquo

Jhtrjvdsta aYahtdaba Hmbujrm [aacutebdha 1

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5gtbull JndidugravehYjptdjlcrj 313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

^rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

a vdna jtjrha[aacutebdha 1

^rahsdidugraveh p`ahjtarda[aacutebdha 37

[`ura`dnan nj luhnms gacdtanms[aacutebdha 39

Jvm`uidugraveh gdstugraverdia nj` pjhsaldjh-tm jspdrdtua` [aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Jhtrjvdsta

Cdmbrafigravea

a Larigravea nj `aBraida nj Jh-

njr [aacutebdha 12

aumlmh Njhds[aacutebdha 7

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm59bull JndidugravehLarzm313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

[jtdidugraveh nj hotildeljrms ahtjrdmrjs5

H 1 rsquo 1 Antildems nj` ‐dcrm nj`ms Laumlndulsldquo

H 3 rsquo Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna

H 9 rsquo rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

H gt rsquo a Vdna jh j` luhnmjspdrdtua`

H rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

H 6 rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslmjh Jspantildea

H 2 rsquo J` Ijhtrm Jspdrdta

H 7 rsquo J` Jspdrdtdslm imlmfi`msmfigravea nj vdna

pjndnmsrjvdstafjjKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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DHFMSLAIDUgraveH T SJYJSVAY5

YJISJ^ASIgraveA AumlIHDIAMSBAHDUA

IMHFJSJHIDAY

T YJLDHASDMY

bull J` Luhnm Dhvdsdc`j

bull Sjbrjsm a `a vdna jspdrdtua`

bull J` laacutes a``aacute nj` sudidna

bull a lotildesdia jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

jqud`dcrdm para j` a`la

bull Jspigraverdtus y su gdstmrda jh `a gulahd-

nan

bull ^jrapda nj` almr

bull Imluhdiaidugraveh imh `ms jspigraverdtus5

ldtms y vjrnanjs

bull Njsvj`ahnm `m dhvdsdc`j (prujcas idjhtigrave-

fiias fi`msugravefiias j gdstugraverdias)

I d ` n d d dc`

a partdidpaidugraveh a jstj jvjhtm jstaacute acdjrta a tmnas aquj``as pjrsmhas dhtjrjsanas

IMHFJSJHIDAH^JY

Ndva`nm [ Frahim - A`frjnm A`mhsm nj `a Fujhtj - A`frjnm

^acujntildea - Vditmr Suahm - Iar`ms Ialpjttd - Euah Ldbuj`

Fjrhaacutehnjz - Eahaigraveha Ldhj``d - Iarljh Iarnmha - Ldbuj`

Vjra - M`ba Mrtdz

6 2 y 7 Ndidjlcrj 31gt

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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32CDMBSAFIgraveA5 JSHJY M CMUUAHM bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

atjhidugraveh y lj dhi`uyugrave jhtrj `ms susirdptmrjs nj `a rjvdstaNji`arm sdhijraljhtj quj `a `jitura nj sus prdljrmshotildeljrms prmnuem uha dlprjsdugraveh njsastrmsa jh ld irdtjrdmpmsdtdvdsta drrjimhid`dac`jiquest

laquo[arjiigravea dhndbhahtj quj a`buhms rjprjsjhtahtjs nj`a idjhida mfiida` qujrigraveah ndsiutdr sjrdaljhtj `a trahsldsdugravehnj` pjhsaldjhtm nj uh imhtdhjhtj a mtrm `as apardidmhjsnj fahtaslas tj`jpaacutetdims imlm jhtdnanjs rja`js y iasmsaitua`js dhqudjtahtjs J` pmnjr dhgdcdnmr nj prjimhijptmsimhvjrtdnm jh ld faiu`tan nj ta`js razmhaldjhtms jra

tmta`ljhtj dhaiijsdcj a `as hujvas dnjas m laacutes cdjh a `mshujvms aitms pmrquj `ms gjigms rja`ljhtj njiigraveah qujjrah idjhtigravefiims y rdburmsaljhtj nmiuljhtanms auhqujym hm jra iapaz nj asdld`ar`msiquest

laquoIuahnm tmnavigravea lahtjhigravea ld jstanm ljhta` aparjidugravejh `a Sjvuj [gd`msmpgdquj uh `arbm artigraveiu`m nj` prmfjsmrSmsjhcaig nj Yah [jtjrscurbm (Susda) vdm`jhtaljhtjataiahnm `a ‐dhtrusdugraveh sairigrave`jba nj jstj hujvm ldstdidslmldquojh `as dhljndaidmhjs nj `a psdim`mbigravea mfiida` y jxp`diahnm

`ms hujvms iasms nj `ms supujstms nj `a ‐a`uidhaidugravehldquo `as‐imdhidnjhidas fmrtudtasldquo y a`buhms laacutes quj hm pujnmrjimrnar ^a`js rjfutaidmhjs parjijh tah tmrpjs y imh ta`ndsiapaidnan quj prmnuij j` jfjitm imhtrardm nj `m quj j`autmr prjtjhnigravea ndsbustahnm ld ljhtj Lj imhvjhiigrave nj qujj` prmc`jla jra rja`ljhtj `ms gjigms asigrave quj iata`mbuaumlsj`jiidmhauml y i`asdfiquauml para rja`dzar j` ahaacute`dsds imlparatdvmiquest

laquoa jxij`jhida nj` laumltmnm nj dhvjstdbaidugraveh sdld`arfuj prmcanm nj ta` lahjra quj aotildeh `m usm gasta `a fjigaBuarnm uh dlpjrjijnjrm rjiujrnm nj jstj pjrdmnm njdhvjstdbaidugraveh fjrvdjhtj y pjrsjvjrahtj pmrquj a travaumlsnj j``ms lj gdij iapaz nj rjsm`vjr lds hujvas irjjhidas

jspdrdtdstas smcrj uha casj idjhtigravefiia firlj as mcras njSmcjrt Na`j Mwjh Jpjs Yarbjht nj `a Yra Lmrbah ynj` Nr Rm`fj lj dhffiujhidarmh a anmptar ld hujvm puhtmnj vdsta smcrj `a fjhmljhm`mbigravea psigravequdia y jfjitms figravesdimsas sjsdmhjs jxpjrdljhta`js imh Rd``dal Ytadhtmh Lmsjsfujrmh `as quj prmnuejrmh j` laymr jfjitm pjrsuasdvmsmcrj lds irjjhidas a iausa nj `a dhtjrvjhidugraveh nj uhjspigraverdtu jh `a fjhmljhm`mbigravea jhtrj `ms antildems 1743 y 1749iquest

laquoAsigrave punj jxpjrdljhtar y aprjhnjr imh j` rjputanmidjhtigravefiim a partdr nj `ms arbuljhtms Jhtjhndaumlhnmsj sdhjlcarbm quj gacigravea ``jbanm j` tdjlpm jh j` quj sj njcjimhfirlar lds imhmidldjhtms tjugraverdims y as dhvjstdbaidmhjs

jxpjrdljhta`jsiquest tjrldha CmzzahmSjimrnjlms quj su prdljra aprmxdlaidugraveh a`

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37 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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34DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Qujrdnm `jitmr jh jsta rjffijxdugraveh jhimhtralms uhparandbla jvm`utdvm quj jstaacute rjspa`nanm jh uha razugravehdhnunac`j5 iexcl[rmbrjsalms sdjlprj Aprmvjigjlms pujs mslmljhtms nj jsta rjjhiarhaidugraveh mcsjrvahnm nmldharhujstrms dhstdhtms ahdla`js a` fiha` iarbalms uha iarbafi`mbjhaumltdia nj `as jxpjrdjhidas nj` pasanm sdh tjhjr qujvm`vjr a j``as T imlm Oarnji ndem laquo`a ljtjlpsdimsds imlm`a jhtdjhnjh hm js vjrnanjraiquest9

( ranuiidugraveh nj m`a Bariigravea)

iexcl[rmbrjsalms sdjlprj Aprmvjigjlms

pujs `ms lmljhtms nj jstarjjhiarhaidugraveh mcsjrvahnm nmldharhujstrms dhstdhtms ahdla`js

9 Oarnji A``ah M dvrm nms Jspigraverdtms [rjbuhta 611 Jndidugraveh Mh`dhj FJC3 Oarnji A``ah M dvrm nms Jspigraverdtms [rjbuhta 619 Jndidugraveh Mh`dhj FJC

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3236

93 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

bull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aRjc5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjs

FaijCmmo5 wwwjspdrdtdslmiifaijcmmo

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`f5 +9gt 636 911 771

A`diahtjbull Ymidjnan Jspdrdtdsta A`diahtdhaNdrjiidugraveh5 I Cazaacuteh 3-3micro 91 A`diahtjRjc5 wwwsjajspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKsjajspdrdtaiml

^j`f5 +9gt 676 43 gt1

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta a uz nj` IaldhmNdrjiidugraveh5 Apartanm nj Imrrjms hmicro 122

99 bull Mrdguj`a (ADIAH^J)Rjc5 www`a`uznj`ialdhmiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 brupmjspdrdtaK`a`uznj`ialdhmiml ^j`f5 +9gt 46 964 1 rsquo +9gt 66 7gt4 627

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta a uz nj` [mrvjhdr Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Laumlndim `jnugrave 7 Caem - Apartanm 7

999 bull Irjvd``jhtj (ADIAH^J)Rjc5 www`a`uznj`pmrvjhdroarnjijs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 eahalmsomljhsoy143162Kblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 61 66 477

bull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms JspigraverdtasCjzjrra nj Ljhjzjs

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Cjhaiahtd` 2 - a Lata mrrjvdjea917 bull mrrjvdjea (ADIAH^J)

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ejsus211461Kyagmmjs

^j`f5 +9gt 61 6gt 364bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj CjhdnmrlNdrjiidugraveh5 I ^mlaacutes nj Mrtuntildem 4gt-3microA

91 bull Cjhdnmrl (ADIAH^J)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5ijhtrmjspdrdtacjhdnmrlKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 624 497 42

Carij`mhabull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj Dbua`anaNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Iarljh H 19- 1micro- 3ordf 72 bull Dbua`ana (CASIJMHA)Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsdbua`ana

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5jstundmsjspdrdtasdbua`anaKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 497 9 gt1 rsquo +9gt 64 1 3gt6

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ala`da Nmldhbm Ym`jr Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Vjhtura [`aea 1 - caems Ljtrm - Cana` 737 Carij`mhaRjc5 wwwijansoarnjijs Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijansKmhmiml ^j`f5 +9gt 66 913 672

Idunan Sja`bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Almr Fratjrhm Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Fjrrmiarrd` 22 196 bull A`iaacutezar nj Yah Euah (IDZNAN SJA)

Rjc5 wwwijalmrfratjrhmjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijhtrmjspdrdtaalmrfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 436 11 296

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ialdhm nj uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 Ahtdbua Iarrjtjra nj Lanrdn 3

193 bull Lahzaharjs (IDZNAN SJA)Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsijialdhmnj`uz Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijialdhmnj`uzKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 436 63 372 rsquo +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ejsotildes nj Hazarjt Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ymiuj``alms 2 192 bull mlj``msm (IDZNAN SJA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 larda`udsa436Kgmtlad`iml

^j`f +9gt 64 62 29

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Yah Iar`ms nj` Va``jNdrjiidugraveh5 I Salugraveh y Iaea` 12 193gt2 bull Yah Iar`ms nj` Va``j (IDZNAN SJA)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsajsiva

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijsva``jKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 436 69 7

Iugravernmcabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Almr y [rmbrjsmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Emsauml Mrtjba y Bassjt 4 1gt bull Lmhtd``a (IUgraveSNMCA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 almryprmbrjsmKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 42 6gt 921 rsquo +9gt 616 13 gt3

bull Fratjrhdnan Jspigraverdta Emsauml BrmssmNdrjiidugraveh5 IAhtmhdm Laura 3 9micro N

1gt bull IugravernmcaImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 fratjrhdnanemsjbrmssmKblad`iml

Rjc5 wwwimrnmcajspdrdtajs ^j`f5 9gt 42 396 gt39 rsquo 9gt 42 73

Ds`as Ca`jarjsbull Ijhtrm Jspdrdta Jllahuj`Ndrjiidugraveh5 mlaacutes Abud`ugrave Fmrtjza 93 211bull [a`la nj La``mria (DYAY CAJASJY)

Rjc5 wwwijhtrmjspdrdtajllahuj`ndvu`baidmhmrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijhtrmjspdrdtajllahuj`Kgmtlad`iml

j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 421 376 174 rsquo +9gt 694 316 gtgt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ds`as Ca`jarjs (IJDC)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a ^rmcana gt7 a-c

211bull [a`la nj La``mria (DYAY CAJASJY)

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijdcKijdcjs

Rjc5 wwwijdcjs

^j`f5 +9gt 62 47 7gt

aumlrdnabull Assmidaidugrave Jspigraverdta Mtus d Haumlral (AJMH)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Bjrlaha Ljriccedil Yahtaiaha 19 39 bull eumlrrjba (AumlSDNA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mtusdhjralKblad`iml

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsmtusdhjral ^j`f5 9gt 429 911 324

Lanrdnbull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj LanrdnNdrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a Cm`sa 1gt - 1micro niga

3713 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwjspdrdtaslanrdniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtaslanrdnKtj`jfmhdiahjt

Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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99Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta Frahidsim nj Asigraves nj`a Ydjrra

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a Iantildeana Sja` 33 1micro C37gt Im``anm Vd``a`ca (LANSDN)

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 f rahidsimnjasdsnj`asdjrraKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 627 16 441

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Jhtrj j` Idj`m y `a djrraNdrjiidugraveh5 Avna nj Lanrdn 34 `mia` 3767 bull Yah Lartigraveh nj Va`njdb`jsdas (LANSDN)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsjhtrjj`idj`my`atdjrra

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mab`dmKarraodsjs ^j`f5 +9gt 627 662 319 rsquo +9gt 627 662 313

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ljhsaejrms nj `a uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lanjra 1 - Caem

37gt bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwitvjsZYJSYijlj`gmljgtl

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijlj`lanrdnKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 9gt 41 976 3 77 rsquo 9gt 41 91gt 7 17bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms y Ndvu`baidugraveh

Jspigraverdta (IJTNJ)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lmhtjra 1-13 3ordf [`ahta - Hmicro 9 3719 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwijynjlanrdnmrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5aurmravaziaca``jrmKgmtlad`iml

ijynjlanrdnKyagmmjs

^j`f5 9gt 41 37 gt 71 rsquo +9gt 672 446 79

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundm Jspigraverdta jugraveh NjhdsNdrjiidugraveh5 Cmhjtjrm 9 ljtrm [dm WDD 3716 bull Lanrdn

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 `jmhnjhdsijKblad`imlRjc5 www`jmhnjhdsjs - wwwc`mb`jmhnjhdsjs

Laacute`ababull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas A``ah OarnjiNdrjiidugraveh5 I Gaumlrmjs nj Ymstma 29 J-1micro

343 bull Laacute`abaRjc5 wwwjndtmrajspdrdtaa``ahoarnjijs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 a`cmrahjndtmraKmhmiml

^j`f5 9gt 43 397 67 rsquo +9gt 62 7 32

Luridabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Sjidhtm nj [az Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a [az1 1micro N ([atdntildem) 913 LuridaRjc5 wwwijrjidhtmnjpazjs

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijrjidhtmnjpazKrjidhtmnjpazjs

ldbuj`ldvjbaKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 664 96 14

[mhtjvjnrabull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta [az Arlmhigravea y Iardnan

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Sotildea [jhds 31 - 1micro Niga 9631 bull Vdbm ([MH^JVJNSA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijpazarlmhdalmryiardnanKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 +9gt 61 7gt 136

Yjvd``abull Asmidaidugraveh Ijhtrm nj Jstundms

Jspigraverdtas nj Yjvd``aNdrjiidugraveh5 [rmspjrdnan 9 rdaha gt11 bull Yjvd``a

Rjc5 wwwjspdrdtassjvd``ajsImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 bjhmvjvala``mKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 4gt 379 7 rsquo +9gt 6 gt71 794

bull Brupm Jspigraverdta Hujvm Alahjijr Emahha nj Ahbj`ds

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ndjbm [ujrta 1 Jsi 9gt 2 A gt14 bull Yjvd``aRjc5 wwwhujvmalahjijrjspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtashujvmalahjijrKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 + 9gt 62 44 462 - + 9gt 62 44 46

^arrabmhabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Emahha nj Ahbj`dsNdrjiidugraveh5 [ucd`` Mrdm` 33

gt931 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 422 9gt6 16gt rsquo +9gt 63 gt61 67gt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Lahuj` y Ndva`nmNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Vdjhtm gt93 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)Rjc5 wwwijlyniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ar`dhbbKyagmmjs ^j`f5 +9gt 676 gt4 2gt6

Va`jhida

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Va`jhida Gmbar FratjrhmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Vd``ahujva nj Iastj``ugraveh 33 gt64 bull Va`jhidaRjc5 wwwasjsvamrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 gmbarfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 469 3 46 7

IJH^SMY JY[IgraveSD^AY MHDHJbull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aNdrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat (uhjs Ldaumlrim`js y Eujvjs 33g9)

Rjc5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`jfmhm5 +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas ‐YdhFrmhtjrasldquo

Ndrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat(Nmldhbms 31g)

Rjc5 gttp5ijjsdhfrmhtjrasjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijjsdhfrmhtjrasKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta

Abjhna Irdstdaha - JNDIJD gt ₠

A`cmrana Irdstdaha (Ljndahm) gt ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrDD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

Aacuternua Asijhsdugraveh 13 ₠

Atjhidugraveh (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ialdhm Vjrnan y Vdna - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Iartd``a nj` Cdjh - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Iuahnm Sjbrjsj `a [rdlavjra (Hmrla`) 2 ₠

Iujhtms Jspdrdtdstas 4 ₠

Njsnj a Mtra Vdna gt ₠

Njspdjrtj y Yja Fj`dz - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` A`la js Dhlmrta` 7 ₠

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta 4 ₠

J` Idj`m y j` Dhfijrhm - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Jspigraverdtu nj `a Vjrnan - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` Jvahbj`dm Yjbotildeh j` Jspdrdtdslm -JNDIJD

1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Yjr Yucimhsidjhtj 6 ₠

Jh `m Dhvdsdc`j 7 ₠

Jh `ms Nmldhdms nj `a Ljndulhdnan -JNDIJD

4 ₠

Jhtrj `a djrra y j` Idj`m - JNDIJD 4 ₠Jspdrdtdslm Lmnjrhm OA DJ ODHB - FJJ ₠

Jspdrdtdslm y Jim`mbigravea - JNDIJD 7 ₠

B`msardm Jspigraverdta (Cm`sd``m) 6 ₠

Buigravea [raacuteitdia nj` Jspdrdtdsta - FJJ ₠

Gdphmtdslm y Jspdrdtdslm 7 ₠

Ejsotildes jh j` Gmbar - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Eustdida Ndvdha - JNDIJD 7 ₠

a Baumlhjsds - JNDIJD 1 ₠

a Vdna jh Fald`da gt ₠

dcjraidugraveh - JNDIJD 4 ₠

as Vdnas Yuijsdvas 4 ₠

ms Ljhsaejrms - JNDIJD 7 ₠

ms Lujrtms Ydbujh Vdvdjhnm 6 ₠

Lahms Zhdnas (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljndtaidmhjs (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljlmrdas nj` [anrj Bjrlaacuteh 2 ₠

Ljhsaej nj uh Anm`jsijhtj njsnj j`Luhnm Jspdrdtua` - JNDIJD ₠

Ldsdmhjrms nj `a uz - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Lujrtj js Vdna 6 ₠

Hujstrm Gmbar - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Mcrjrms nj `a Vdna Jtjrha - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[ah Hujstrm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[jhsaldjhtm y Vdna - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Sj`dbdugraveh nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 177 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 174 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Yjntildea` Vjrnj gt ₠

Yjxm y Njstdhm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Ydjlcra nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Yuc`dlj Jxpdaidugraveh - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Vdna Fj`dz - JNDIJD 2 ₠

Lm`njahnm j` ^jrijr Ld`jhdm - Vdna yMcra nj Ndva`nm [ Frahim

1 ₠

Vdna y Yjxm - JNDIJD 6 ₠

T `a Vdna Imhtdhotildeahellip JNDIJD 7 ₠

dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ

Ugraverbahm jndtmrda` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a sdh aacutehdlm nj `uirm quj rjdhvdjrtj jh j` prmpdm

`dcrm jspigraverdta Yj gaijh jhvigravems imhtra rjjlcm`sm Gaba su pjndnm prjfjrdc`jljhtj pmr imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim adhfmKjspdrdtdslmii m pmr tj`aumlfmhm5 636 911 771

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Vdna ahtjs nj `a Vdna

Jhtrjvdsta a Iar`msSmcjrtm Ialpjttd

Jhfjrljnanjs nj` a`la[aacutebdha 1gt

Jvdnjhidas Idjhtigravefiias a favmr nj`a Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna [aacutebdha 3

[`ahjaldjhtm rjjhiarhatmrdm[aacutebdha 13

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐ms Gdems nj` Ayjrldquo

[aacutebdha 37

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 3bull Jndidugraveh Mitucrj 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

1 antildems nj J` `dcrm nj `ms laumlnduls

Jhtrjvdsta a` LaumlndulNdva`nm Frahim

Ljndulhdnan nj jfjitms figravesdims[aacutebdha 1gt

^rahsimluhdiaidugraveh dhstruljhta`[aacutebdha 3

Fmrlaidugraveh nj` Laumlndul[aacutebdha 13

Jspdrdtdslm jh a dtjratura

[aacutebdha 37

frac12Ejsotildes jra laumlndul=[aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 1bull Jndidugraveh Eu`dm 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Jspdrdtdslm imlm fi`msmfigravea nj vdna

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm57bull Jndidugravehacrd`31gtbull [rjidm59

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm52bull JndidugravehMitucrj 319bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

ms Ijhtrms jspdrdtdstas njcjh sjr`a iaacutetjnra nj` Jspigraverdtu nj Vjrnan

QZAuml JY J JY[DSD^DYLM=

DH^SMNZIIDUgraveHA IMHMIDLDJH^M NJ LZHNM DHVDYDCJ

[MS AY LAHDFJY^AIDMHJY NJ MY JY[IgraveSD^ZY

Imhtdjhj j` rjsuljh nj ms prdhidpdms nj a nmitrdha jspdrdtdsta y as rjs-pujstas a as prdhidpa`js mcejidmhjs

pmr

A``ah - Oarnjiautmr nj` dcrm nj ms jspigraverdtus y nj` dcrm nj ms Ljnduls

JNDIDUgraveH JIMHUgraveLDIA

[rjidm 3 rja`js

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh Jspantildea

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm56bull JndidugravehEu`dm319bull[rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5bull JndidugravehLarzm319bull [rjidm59₠

nj a FJJ

Jspdrdtdslm jh j` luhnm[aacutebdha 37

[rjiursmrjs nj` Jspdrdtdslm[aacutebdha 6

Artgur Imhah Nmy`j[aacutebdha 32

Idjhtigravefiims jspigraverdtas nj`sdb`m WDW [aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a rjvj`aidugraveh jspigraverdtay A``ah Oarnji [aacutebdha 17

a SjvujYpdrdtj [aacutebdha 3

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

a Vdna jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

[sdim`mbigravea jh j` laacutes a``aacute[aacutebdha 1gt

Aacutehbj`js BuarndahjsJspigraverdtus [rm-tjitmrjsFald`darjs y Ydlpaacutetdims

[aacutebdha 32[jrdjspigraverdtu

[aacutebdha 33

ms Yujntildems Jspdrdtua`js[aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐HMYYM ASldquo

Jhtrjvdsta aYahtdaba Hmbujrm [aacutebdha 1

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5gtbull JndidugravehYjptdjlcrj 313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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37 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA

DHY^DH^M JDH^JDBJHIDA

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J` dhstdhtm js uha dhtj`dbjhida rundljhtarda hm raidmha` y ljndahtj auml`tmnms ms sjrjs prmvjjh sus hjijsdnanjs

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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34DHY^DH^M J DH^JDBJHIDA bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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Cdc`dmbrafigravea

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull LJ^JL[YDIMYDY T SJJHIASHAIDUgraveH

LJ^JL[YDIMYDY T SJJHIASHAIDUgraveH

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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91LJ^JL[YDIMYDY T SJJHIASHAIDUgraveH bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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( ranuiidugraveh nj m`a Bariigravea)

iexcl[rmbrjsalms sdjlprj Aprmvjigjlms

pujs `ms lmljhtms nj jstarjjhiarhaidugraveh mcsjrvahnm nmldharhujstrms dhstdhtms ahdla`js

9 Oarnji A``ah M dvrm nms Jspigraverdtms [rjbuhta 611 Jndidugraveh Mh`dhj FJC3 Oarnji A``ah M dvrm nms Jspigraverdtms [rjbuhta 619 Jndidugraveh Mh`dhj FJC

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3236

93 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

bull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aRjc5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjs

FaijCmmo5 wwwjspdrdtdslmiifaijcmmo

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`f5 +9gt 636 911 771

A`diahtjbull Ymidjnan Jspdrdtdsta A`diahtdhaNdrjiidugraveh5 I Cazaacuteh 3-3micro 91 A`diahtjRjc5 wwwsjajspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKsjajspdrdtaiml

^j`f5 +9gt 676 43 gt1

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta a uz nj` IaldhmNdrjiidugraveh5 Apartanm nj Imrrjms hmicro 122

99 bull Mrdguj`a (ADIAH^J)Rjc5 www`a`uznj`ialdhmiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 brupmjspdrdtaK`a`uznj`ialdhmiml ^j`f5 +9gt 46 964 1 rsquo +9gt 66 7gt4 627

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta a uz nj` [mrvjhdr Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Laumlndim `jnugrave 7 Caem - Apartanm 7

999 bull Irjvd``jhtj (ADIAH^J)Rjc5 www`a`uznj`pmrvjhdroarnjijs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 eahalmsomljhsoy143162Kblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 61 66 477

bull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms JspigraverdtasCjzjrra nj Ljhjzjs

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Cjhaiahtd` 2 - a Lata mrrjvdjea917 bull mrrjvdjea (ADIAH^J)

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ejsus211461Kyagmmjs

^j`f5 +9gt 61 6gt 364bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj CjhdnmrlNdrjiidugraveh5 I ^mlaacutes nj Mrtuntildem 4gt-3microA

91 bull Cjhdnmrl (ADIAH^J)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5ijhtrmjspdrdtacjhdnmrlKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 624 497 42

Carij`mhabull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj Dbua`anaNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Iarljh H 19- 1micro- 3ordf 72 bull Dbua`ana (CASIJMHA)Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsdbua`ana

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5jstundmsjspdrdtasdbua`anaKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 497 9 gt1 rsquo +9gt 64 1 3gt6

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ala`da Nmldhbm Ym`jr Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Vjhtura [`aea 1 - caems Ljtrm - Cana` 737 Carij`mhaRjc5 wwwijansoarnjijs Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijansKmhmiml ^j`f5 +9gt 66 913 672

Idunan Sja`bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Almr Fratjrhm Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Fjrrmiarrd` 22 196 bull A`iaacutezar nj Yah Euah (IDZNAN SJA)

Rjc5 wwwijalmrfratjrhmjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijhtrmjspdrdtaalmrfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 436 11 296

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ialdhm nj uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 Ahtdbua Iarrjtjra nj Lanrdn 3

193 bull Lahzaharjs (IDZNAN SJA)Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsijialdhmnj`uz Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijialdhmnj`uzKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 436 63 372 rsquo +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ejsotildes nj Hazarjt Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ymiuj``alms 2 192 bull mlj``msm (IDZNAN SJA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 larda`udsa436Kgmtlad`iml

^j`f +9gt 64 62 29

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Yah Iar`ms nj` Va``jNdrjiidugraveh5 I Salugraveh y Iaea` 12 193gt2 bull Yah Iar`ms nj` Va``j (IDZNAN SJA)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsajsiva

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijsva``jKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 436 69 7

Iugravernmcabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Almr y [rmbrjsmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Emsauml Mrtjba y Bassjt 4 1gt bull Lmhtd``a (IUgraveSNMCA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 almryprmbrjsmKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 42 6gt 921 rsquo +9gt 616 13 gt3

bull Fratjrhdnan Jspigraverdta Emsauml BrmssmNdrjiidugraveh5 IAhtmhdm Laura 3 9micro N

1gt bull IugravernmcaImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 fratjrhdnanemsjbrmssmKblad`iml

Rjc5 wwwimrnmcajspdrdtajs ^j`f5 9gt 42 396 gt39 rsquo 9gt 42 73

Ds`as Ca`jarjsbull Ijhtrm Jspdrdta Jllahuj`Ndrjiidugraveh5 mlaacutes Abud`ugrave Fmrtjza 93 211bull [a`la nj La``mria (DYAY CAJASJY)

Rjc5 wwwijhtrmjspdrdtajllahuj`ndvu`baidmhmrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijhtrmjspdrdtajllahuj`Kgmtlad`iml

j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 421 376 174 rsquo +9gt 694 316 gtgt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ds`as Ca`jarjs (IJDC)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a ^rmcana gt7 a-c

211bull [a`la nj La``mria (DYAY CAJASJY)

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijdcKijdcjs

Rjc5 wwwijdcjs

^j`f5 +9gt 62 47 7gt

aumlrdnabull Assmidaidugrave Jspigraverdta Mtus d Haumlral (AJMH)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Bjrlaha Ljriccedil Yahtaiaha 19 39 bull eumlrrjba (AumlSDNA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mtusdhjralKblad`iml

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsmtusdhjral ^j`f5 9gt 429 911 324

Lanrdnbull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj LanrdnNdrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a Cm`sa 1gt - 1micro niga

3713 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwjspdrdtaslanrdniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtaslanrdnKtj`jfmhdiahjt

Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3336

99Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta Frahidsim nj Asigraves nj`a Ydjrra

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a Iantildeana Sja` 33 1micro C37gt Im``anm Vd``a`ca (LANSDN)

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 f rahidsimnjasdsnj`asdjrraKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 627 16 441

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Jhtrj j` Idj`m y `a djrraNdrjiidugraveh5 Avna nj Lanrdn 34 `mia` 3767 bull Yah Lartigraveh nj Va`njdb`jsdas (LANSDN)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsjhtrjj`idj`my`atdjrra

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mab`dmKarraodsjs ^j`f5 +9gt 627 662 319 rsquo +9gt 627 662 313

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ljhsaejrms nj `a uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lanjra 1 - Caem

37gt bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwitvjsZYJSYijlj`gmljgtl

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijlj`lanrdnKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 9gt 41 976 3 77 rsquo 9gt 41 91gt 7 17bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms y Ndvu`baidugraveh

Jspigraverdta (IJTNJ)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lmhtjra 1-13 3ordf [`ahta - Hmicro 9 3719 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwijynjlanrdnmrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5aurmravaziaca``jrmKgmtlad`iml

ijynjlanrdnKyagmmjs

^j`f5 9gt 41 37 gt 71 rsquo +9gt 672 446 79

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundm Jspigraverdta jugraveh NjhdsNdrjiidugraveh5 Cmhjtjrm 9 ljtrm [dm WDD 3716 bull Lanrdn

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 `jmhnjhdsijKblad`imlRjc5 www`jmhnjhdsjs - wwwc`mb`jmhnjhdsjs

Laacute`ababull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas A``ah OarnjiNdrjiidugraveh5 I Gaumlrmjs nj Ymstma 29 J-1micro

343 bull Laacute`abaRjc5 wwwjndtmrajspdrdtaa``ahoarnjijs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 a`cmrahjndtmraKmhmiml

^j`f5 9gt 43 397 67 rsquo +9gt 62 7 32

Luridabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Sjidhtm nj [az Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a [az1 1micro N ([atdntildem) 913 LuridaRjc5 wwwijrjidhtmnjpazjs

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijrjidhtmnjpazKrjidhtmnjpazjs

ldbuj`ldvjbaKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 664 96 14

[mhtjvjnrabull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta [az Arlmhigravea y Iardnan

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Sotildea [jhds 31 - 1micro Niga 9631 bull Vdbm ([MH^JVJNSA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijpazarlmhdalmryiardnanKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 +9gt 61 7gt 136

Yjvd``abull Asmidaidugraveh Ijhtrm nj Jstundms

Jspigraverdtas nj Yjvd``aNdrjiidugraveh5 [rmspjrdnan 9 rdaha gt11 bull Yjvd``a

Rjc5 wwwjspdrdtassjvd``ajsImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 bjhmvjvala``mKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 4gt 379 7 rsquo +9gt 6 gt71 794

bull Brupm Jspigraverdta Hujvm Alahjijr Emahha nj Ahbj`ds

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ndjbm [ujrta 1 Jsi 9gt 2 A gt14 bull Yjvd``aRjc5 wwwhujvmalahjijrjspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtashujvmalahjijrKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 + 9gt 62 44 462 - + 9gt 62 44 46

^arrabmhabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Emahha nj Ahbj`dsNdrjiidugraveh5 [ucd`` Mrdm` 33

gt931 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 422 9gt6 16gt rsquo +9gt 63 gt61 67gt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Lahuj` y Ndva`nmNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Vdjhtm gt93 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)Rjc5 wwwijlyniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ar`dhbbKyagmmjs ^j`f5 +9gt 676 gt4 2gt6

Va`jhida

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Va`jhida Gmbar FratjrhmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Vd``ahujva nj Iastj``ugraveh 33 gt64 bull Va`jhidaRjc5 wwwasjsvamrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 gmbarfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 469 3 46 7

IJH^SMY JY[IgraveSD^AY MHDHJbull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aNdrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat (uhjs Ldaumlrim`js y Eujvjs 33g9)

Rjc5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`jfmhm5 +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas ‐YdhFrmhtjrasldquo

Ndrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat(Nmldhbms 31g)

Rjc5 gttp5ijjsdhfrmhtjrasjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijjsdhfrmhtjrasKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta

Abjhna Irdstdaha - JNDIJD gt ₠

A`cmrana Irdstdaha (Ljndahm) gt ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrDD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

Aacuternua Asijhsdugraveh 13 ₠

Atjhidugraveh (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ialdhm Vjrnan y Vdna - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Iartd``a nj` Cdjh - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Iuahnm Sjbrjsj `a [rdlavjra (Hmrla`) 2 ₠

Iujhtms Jspdrdtdstas 4 ₠

Njsnj a Mtra Vdna gt ₠

Njspdjrtj y Yja Fj`dz - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` A`la js Dhlmrta` 7 ₠

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta 4 ₠

J` Idj`m y j` Dhfijrhm - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Jspigraverdtu nj `a Vjrnan - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` Jvahbj`dm Yjbotildeh j` Jspdrdtdslm -JNDIJD

1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Yjr Yucimhsidjhtj 6 ₠

Jh `m Dhvdsdc`j 7 ₠

Jh `ms Nmldhdms nj `a Ljndulhdnan -JNDIJD

4 ₠

Jhtrj `a djrra y j` Idj`m - JNDIJD 4 ₠Jspdrdtdslm Lmnjrhm OA DJ ODHB - FJJ ₠

Jspdrdtdslm y Jim`mbigravea - JNDIJD 7 ₠

B`msardm Jspigraverdta (Cm`sd``m) 6 ₠

Buigravea [raacuteitdia nj` Jspdrdtdsta - FJJ ₠

Gdphmtdslm y Jspdrdtdslm 7 ₠

Ejsotildes jh j` Gmbar - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Eustdida Ndvdha - JNDIJD 7 ₠

a Baumlhjsds - JNDIJD 1 ₠

a Vdna jh Fald`da gt ₠

dcjraidugraveh - JNDIJD 4 ₠

as Vdnas Yuijsdvas 4 ₠

ms Ljhsaejrms - JNDIJD 7 ₠

ms Lujrtms Ydbujh Vdvdjhnm 6 ₠

Lahms Zhdnas (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljndtaidmhjs (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljlmrdas nj` [anrj Bjrlaacuteh 2 ₠

Ljhsaej nj uh Anm`jsijhtj njsnj j`Luhnm Jspdrdtua` - JNDIJD ₠

Ldsdmhjrms nj `a uz - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Lujrtj js Vdna 6 ₠

Hujstrm Gmbar - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Mcrjrms nj `a Vdna Jtjrha - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[ah Hujstrm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[jhsaldjhtm y Vdna - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Sj`dbdugraveh nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 177 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 174 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Yjntildea` Vjrnj gt ₠

Yjxm y Njstdhm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Ydjlcra nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Yuc`dlj Jxpdaidugraveh - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Vdna Fj`dz - JNDIJD 2 ₠

Lm`njahnm j` ^jrijr Ld`jhdm - Vdna yMcra nj Ndva`nm [ Frahim

1 ₠

Vdna y Yjxm - JNDIJD 6 ₠

T `a Vdna Imhtdhotildeahellip JNDIJD 7 ₠

dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ

Ugraverbahm jndtmrda` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a sdh aacutehdlm nj `uirm quj rjdhvdjrtj jh j` prmpdm

`dcrm jspigraverdta Yj gaijh jhvigravems imhtra rjjlcm`sm Gaba su pjndnm prjfjrdc`jljhtj pmr imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim adhfmKjspdrdtdslmii m pmr tj`aumlfmhm5 636 911 771

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3536

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Vdna ahtjs nj `a Vdna

Jhtrjvdsta a Iar`msSmcjrtm Ialpjttd

Jhfjrljnanjs nj` a`la[aacutebdha 1gt

Jvdnjhidas Idjhtigravefiias a favmr nj`a Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna [aacutebdha 3

[`ahjaldjhtm rjjhiarhatmrdm[aacutebdha 13

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐ms Gdems nj` Ayjrldquo

[aacutebdha 37

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 3bull Jndidugraveh Mitucrj 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

1 antildems nj J` `dcrm nj `ms laumlnduls

Jhtrjvdsta a` LaumlndulNdva`nm Frahim

Ljndulhdnan nj jfjitms figravesdims[aacutebdha 1gt

^rahsimluhdiaidugraveh dhstruljhta`[aacutebdha 3

Fmrlaidugraveh nj` Laumlndul[aacutebdha 13

Jspdrdtdslm jh a dtjratura

[aacutebdha 37

frac12Ejsotildes jra laumlndul=[aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 1bull Jndidugraveh Eu`dm 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Jspdrdtdslm imlm fi`msmfigravea nj vdna

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm57bull Jndidugravehacrd`31gtbull [rjidm59

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm52bull JndidugravehMitucrj 319bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

ms Ijhtrms jspdrdtdstas njcjh sjr`a iaacutetjnra nj` Jspigraverdtu nj Vjrnan

QZAuml JY J JY[DSD^DYLM=

DH^SMNZIIDUgraveHA IMHMIDLDJH^M NJ LZHNM DHVDYDCJ

[MS AY LAHDFJY^AIDMHJY NJ MY JY[IgraveSD^ZY

Imhtdjhj j` rjsuljh nj ms prdhidpdms nj a nmitrdha jspdrdtdsta y as rjs-pujstas a as prdhidpa`js mcejidmhjs

pmr

A``ah - Oarnjiautmr nj` dcrm nj ms jspigraverdtus y nj` dcrm nj ms Ljnduls

JNDIDUgraveH JIMHUgraveLDIA

[rjidm 3 rja`js

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh Jspantildea

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm56bull JndidugravehEu`dm319bull[rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5bull JndidugravehLarzm319bull [rjidm59₠

nj a FJJ

Jspdrdtdslm jh j` luhnm[aacutebdha 37

[rjiursmrjs nj` Jspdrdtdslm[aacutebdha 6

Artgur Imhah Nmy`j[aacutebdha 32

Idjhtigravefiims jspigraverdtas nj`sdb`m WDW [aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a rjvj`aidugraveh jspigraverdtay A``ah Oarnji [aacutebdha 17

a SjvujYpdrdtj [aacutebdha 3

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

a Vdna jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

[sdim`mbigravea jh j` laacutes a``aacute[aacutebdha 1gt

Aacutehbj`js BuarndahjsJspigraverdtus [rm-tjitmrjsFald`darjs y Ydlpaacutetdims

[aacutebdha 32[jrdjspigraverdtu

[aacutebdha 33

ms Yujntildems Jspdrdtua`js[aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐HMYYM ASldquo

Jhtrjvdsta aYahtdaba Hmbujrm [aacutebdha 1

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5gtbull JndidugravehYjptdjlcrj 313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

^rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

a vdna jtjrha[aacutebdha 1

^rahsdidugraveh p`ahjtarda[aacutebdha 37

[`ura`dnan nj luhnms gacdtanms[aacutebdha 39

Jvm`uidugraveh gdstugraverdia nj` pjhsaldjh-tm jspdrdtua` [aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Jhtrjvdsta

Cdmbrafigravea

a Larigravea nj `aBraida nj Jh-

njr [aacutebdha 12

aumlmh Njhds[aacutebdha 7

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm59bull JndidugravehLarzm313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

[jtdidugraveh nj hotildeljrms ahtjrdmrjs5

H 1 rsquo 1 Antildems nj` ‐dcrm nj`ms Laumlndulsldquo

H 3 rsquo Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna

H 9 rsquo rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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91LJ^JL[YDIMYDY T SJJHIASHAIDUgraveH bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 f rahidsimnjasdsnj`asdjrraKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 627 16 441

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Jhtrj j` Idj`m y `a djrraNdrjiidugraveh5 Avna nj Lanrdn 34 `mia` 3767 bull Yah Lartigraveh nj Va`njdb`jsdas (LANSDN)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsjhtrjj`idj`my`atdjrra

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mab`dmKarraodsjs ^j`f5 +9gt 627 662 319 rsquo +9gt 627 662 313

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ljhsaejrms nj `a uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lanjra 1 - Caem

37gt bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwitvjsZYJSYijlj`gmljgtl

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijlj`lanrdnKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 9gt 41 976 3 77 rsquo 9gt 41 91gt 7 17bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms y Ndvu`baidugraveh

Jspigraverdta (IJTNJ)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lmhtjra 1-13 3ordf [`ahta - Hmicro 9 3719 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwijynjlanrdnmrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5aurmravaziaca``jrmKgmtlad`iml

ijynjlanrdnKyagmmjs

^j`f5 9gt 41 37 gt 71 rsquo +9gt 672 446 79

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundm Jspigraverdta jugraveh NjhdsNdrjiidugraveh5 Cmhjtjrm 9 ljtrm [dm WDD 3716 bull Lanrdn

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 `jmhnjhdsijKblad`imlRjc5 www`jmhnjhdsjs - wwwc`mb`jmhnjhdsjs

Laacute`ababull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas A``ah OarnjiNdrjiidugraveh5 I Gaumlrmjs nj Ymstma 29 J-1micro

343 bull Laacute`abaRjc5 wwwjndtmrajspdrdtaa``ahoarnjijs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 a`cmrahjndtmraKmhmiml

^j`f5 9gt 43 397 67 rsquo +9gt 62 7 32

Luridabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Sjidhtm nj [az Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a [az1 1micro N ([atdntildem) 913 LuridaRjc5 wwwijrjidhtmnjpazjs

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijrjidhtmnjpazKrjidhtmnjpazjs

ldbuj`ldvjbaKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 664 96 14

[mhtjvjnrabull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta [az Arlmhigravea y Iardnan

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Sotildea [jhds 31 - 1micro Niga 9631 bull Vdbm ([MH^JVJNSA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijpazarlmhdalmryiardnanKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 +9gt 61 7gt 136

Yjvd``abull Asmidaidugraveh Ijhtrm nj Jstundms

Jspigraverdtas nj Yjvd``aNdrjiidugraveh5 [rmspjrdnan 9 rdaha gt11 bull Yjvd``a

Rjc5 wwwjspdrdtassjvd``ajsImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 bjhmvjvala``mKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 4gt 379 7 rsquo +9gt 6 gt71 794

bull Brupm Jspigraverdta Hujvm Alahjijr Emahha nj Ahbj`ds

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ndjbm [ujrta 1 Jsi 9gt 2 A gt14 bull Yjvd``aRjc5 wwwhujvmalahjijrjspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtashujvmalahjijrKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 + 9gt 62 44 462 - + 9gt 62 44 46

^arrabmhabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Emahha nj Ahbj`dsNdrjiidugraveh5 [ucd`` Mrdm` 33

gt931 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 422 9gt6 16gt rsquo +9gt 63 gt61 67gt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Lahuj` y Ndva`nmNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Vdjhtm gt93 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)Rjc5 wwwijlyniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ar`dhbbKyagmmjs ^j`f5 +9gt 676 gt4 2gt6

Va`jhida

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Va`jhida Gmbar FratjrhmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Vd``ahujva nj Iastj``ugraveh 33 gt64 bull Va`jhidaRjc5 wwwasjsvamrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 gmbarfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 469 3 46 7

IJH^SMY JY[IgraveSD^AY MHDHJbull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aNdrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat (uhjs Ldaumlrim`js y Eujvjs 33g9)

Rjc5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`jfmhm5 +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas ‐YdhFrmhtjrasldquo

Ndrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat(Nmldhbms 31g)

Rjc5 gttp5ijjsdhfrmhtjrasjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijjsdhfrmhtjrasKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta

Abjhna Irdstdaha - JNDIJD gt ₠

A`cmrana Irdstdaha (Ljndahm) gt ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrDD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

Aacuternua Asijhsdugraveh 13 ₠

Atjhidugraveh (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ialdhm Vjrnan y Vdna - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Iartd``a nj` Cdjh - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Iuahnm Sjbrjsj `a [rdlavjra (Hmrla`) 2 ₠

Iujhtms Jspdrdtdstas 4 ₠

Njsnj a Mtra Vdna gt ₠

Njspdjrtj y Yja Fj`dz - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` A`la js Dhlmrta` 7 ₠

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta 4 ₠

J` Idj`m y j` Dhfijrhm - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Jspigraverdtu nj `a Vjrnan - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` Jvahbj`dm Yjbotildeh j` Jspdrdtdslm -JNDIJD

1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Yjr Yucimhsidjhtj 6 ₠

Jh `m Dhvdsdc`j 7 ₠

Jh `ms Nmldhdms nj `a Ljndulhdnan -JNDIJD

4 ₠

Jhtrj `a djrra y j` Idj`m - JNDIJD 4 ₠Jspdrdtdslm Lmnjrhm OA DJ ODHB - FJJ ₠

Jspdrdtdslm y Jim`mbigravea - JNDIJD 7 ₠

B`msardm Jspigraverdta (Cm`sd``m) 6 ₠

Buigravea [raacuteitdia nj` Jspdrdtdsta - FJJ ₠

Gdphmtdslm y Jspdrdtdslm 7 ₠

Ejsotildes jh j` Gmbar - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Eustdida Ndvdha - JNDIJD 7 ₠

a Baumlhjsds - JNDIJD 1 ₠

a Vdna jh Fald`da gt ₠

dcjraidugraveh - JNDIJD 4 ₠

as Vdnas Yuijsdvas 4 ₠

ms Ljhsaejrms - JNDIJD 7 ₠

ms Lujrtms Ydbujh Vdvdjhnm 6 ₠

Lahms Zhdnas (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljndtaidmhjs (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljlmrdas nj` [anrj Bjrlaacuteh 2 ₠

Ljhsaej nj uh Anm`jsijhtj njsnj j`Luhnm Jspdrdtua` - JNDIJD ₠

Ldsdmhjrms nj `a uz - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Lujrtj js Vdna 6 ₠

Hujstrm Gmbar - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Mcrjrms nj `a Vdna Jtjrha - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[ah Hujstrm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[jhsaldjhtm y Vdna - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Sj`dbdugraveh nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 177 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 174 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Yjntildea` Vjrnj gt ₠

Yjxm y Njstdhm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Ydjlcra nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Yuc`dlj Jxpdaidugraveh - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Vdna Fj`dz - JNDIJD 2 ₠

Lm`njahnm j` ^jrijr Ld`jhdm - Vdna yMcra nj Ndva`nm [ Frahim

1 ₠

Vdna y Yjxm - JNDIJD 6 ₠

T `a Vdna Imhtdhotildeahellip JNDIJD 7 ₠

dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ

Ugraverbahm jndtmrda` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a sdh aacutehdlm nj `uirm quj rjdhvdjrtj jh j` prmpdm

`dcrm jspigraverdta Yj gaijh jhvigravems imhtra rjjlcm`sm Gaba su pjndnm prjfjrdc`jljhtj pmr imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim adhfmKjspdrdtdslmii m pmr tj`aumlfmhm5 636 911 771

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Vdna ahtjs nj `a Vdna

Jhtrjvdsta a Iar`msSmcjrtm Ialpjttd

Jhfjrljnanjs nj` a`la[aacutebdha 1gt

Jvdnjhidas Idjhtigravefiias a favmr nj`a Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna [aacutebdha 3

[`ahjaldjhtm rjjhiarhatmrdm[aacutebdha 13

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐ms Gdems nj` Ayjrldquo

[aacutebdha 37

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 3bull Jndidugraveh Mitucrj 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

1 antildems nj J` `dcrm nj `ms laumlnduls

Jhtrjvdsta a` LaumlndulNdva`nm Frahim

Ljndulhdnan nj jfjitms figravesdims[aacutebdha 1gt

^rahsimluhdiaidugraveh dhstruljhta`[aacutebdha 3

Fmrlaidugraveh nj` Laumlndul[aacutebdha 13

Jspdrdtdslm jh a dtjratura

[aacutebdha 37

frac12Ejsotildes jra laumlndul=[aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 1bull Jndidugraveh Eu`dm 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Jspdrdtdslm imlm fi`msmfigravea nj vdna

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm57bull Jndidugravehacrd`31gtbull [rjidm59

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm52bull JndidugravehMitucrj 319bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

ms Ijhtrms jspdrdtdstas njcjh sjr`a iaacutetjnra nj` Jspigraverdtu nj Vjrnan

QZAuml JY J JY[DSD^DYLM=

DH^SMNZIIDUgraveHA IMHMIDLDJH^M NJ LZHNM DHVDYDCJ

[MS AY LAHDFJY^AIDMHJY NJ MY JY[IgraveSD^ZY

Imhtdjhj j` rjsuljh nj ms prdhidpdms nj a nmitrdha jspdrdtdsta y as rjs-pujstas a as prdhidpa`js mcejidmhjs

pmr

A``ah - Oarnjiautmr nj` dcrm nj ms jspigraverdtus y nj` dcrm nj ms Ljnduls

JNDIDUgraveH JIMHUgraveLDIA

[rjidm 3 rja`js

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh Jspantildea

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm56bull JndidugravehEu`dm319bull[rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5bull JndidugravehLarzm319bull [rjidm59₠

nj a FJJ

Jspdrdtdslm jh j` luhnm[aacutebdha 37

[rjiursmrjs nj` Jspdrdtdslm[aacutebdha 6

Artgur Imhah Nmy`j[aacutebdha 32

Idjhtigravefiims jspigraverdtas nj`sdb`m WDW [aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a rjvj`aidugraveh jspigraverdtay A``ah Oarnji [aacutebdha 17

a SjvujYpdrdtj [aacutebdha 3

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

a Vdna jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

[sdim`mbigravea jh j` laacutes a``aacute[aacutebdha 1gt

Aacutehbj`js BuarndahjsJspigraverdtus [rm-tjitmrjsFald`darjs y Ydlpaacutetdims

[aacutebdha 32[jrdjspigraverdtu

[aacutebdha 33

ms Yujntildems Jspdrdtua`js[aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐HMYYM ASldquo

Jhtrjvdsta aYahtdaba Hmbujrm [aacutebdha 1

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5gtbull JndidugravehYjptdjlcrj 313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

^rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

a vdna jtjrha[aacutebdha 1

^rahsdidugraveh p`ahjtarda[aacutebdha 37

[`ura`dnan nj luhnms gacdtanms[aacutebdha 39

Jvm`uidugraveh gdstugraverdia nj` pjhsaldjh-tm jspdrdtua` [aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Jhtrjvdsta

Cdmbrafigravea

a Larigravea nj `aBraida nj Jh-

njr [aacutebdha 12

aumlmh Njhds[aacutebdha 7

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm59bull JndidugravehLarzm313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

[jtdidugraveh nj hotildeljrms ahtjrdmrjs5

H 1 rsquo 1 Antildems nj` ‐dcrm nj`ms Laumlndulsldquo

H 3 rsquo Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna

H 9 rsquo rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

H gt rsquo a Vdna jh j` luhnmjspdrdtua`

H rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

H 6 rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslmjh Jspantildea

H 2 rsquo J` Ijhtrm Jspdrdta

H 7 rsquo J` Jspdrdtdslm imlmfi`msmfigravea nj vdna

pjndnmsrjvdstafjjKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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DHFMSLAIDUgraveH T SJYJSVAY5

YJISJ^ASIgraveA AumlIHDIAMSBAHDUA

IMHFJSJHIDAY

T YJLDHASDMY

bull J` Luhnm Dhvdsdc`j

bull Sjbrjsm a `a vdna jspdrdtua`

bull J` laacutes a``aacute nj` sudidna

bull a lotildesdia jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

jqud`dcrdm para j` a`la

bull Jspigraverdtus y su gdstmrda jh `a gulahd-

nan

bull ^jrapda nj` almr

bull Imluhdiaidugraveh imh `ms jspigraverdtus5

ldtms y vjrnanjs

bull Njsvj`ahnm `m dhvdsdc`j (prujcas idjhtigrave-

fiias fi`msugravefiias j gdstugraverdias)

I d ` n d d dc`

a partdidpaidugraveh a jstj jvjhtm jstaacute acdjrta a tmnas aquj``as pjrsmhas dhtjrjsanas

IMHFJSJHIDAH^JY

Ndva`nm [ Frahim - A`frjnm A`mhsm nj `a Fujhtj - A`frjnm

^acujntildea - Vditmr Suahm - Iar`ms Ialpjttd - Euah Ldbuj`

Fjrhaacutehnjz - Eahaigraveha Ldhj``d - Iarljh Iarnmha - Ldbuj`

Vjra - M`ba Mrtdz

6 2 y 7 Ndidjlcrj 31gt

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3036

9 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull LJ^JL[YDIMYDY T SJJHIASHAIDUgraveH

LJ^JL[YDIMYDY T SJJHIASHAIDUgraveH

Nmitmra jh [sdim`mbigravea hjurugrave`mba y prmfjsmra jh `a Zhdvjrsdnan njLary`ahn (JJZZ) [rjsdnjhta y fuhnanmra nj `a Ymidjnan Jspigraverdtanj Ca`tdlmrj y nj `a Ymidjnan Jspdrdtdsta nj Vdrbdhda

Vahjssa Ahsj`mhd

[jnrm jvdtaca latar iua`qudjr ahdla` dhi`usm gastalmsias y iuiaraigas pmrquj auml` irjigravea quj sd `m gdidjrapmnrigravea sjr iastdbanm tjhdjhnm quj rjjhiarhar imlm uhmnj aumlstms Hd sdqudjra imljr iarhj nj ahdla`js Auml` imligraveapjhsahnm quj jh mtra vdna sjrigravea uhm nj j``ms talcdaumlhFuj jhtmhijs iuahnm A`aha uha nj sus aldbas jspigraverdtasnjidndugrave ayunar`m Idjrta tarnj sjhtanms jh uh iafauml A`ahaljhidmhugrave quj `ms tjlmrjs nj [jnrm sj rjlmhtacah aahtdbums tjlas jh `a gdstmrda nj `a Gulahdnan rjfjrjhtjsa `a irjjhida jh `a ljtjlpsdimsds Dhljndataljhtj[jnrm `jvahtugrave `as ijeas y prjbuhtugrave smcrj j` sdbhdfiianmnj `a pa`acra quj para auml` jra tmta`ljhtj hujva A`aha

jhtmhijs imh pa`acras aldstmsas jxp`diugrave quj `a pa`acraljtjlpsdimsds sj rjfijrj a `a irjjhida nj quj j` a`la njuh sjr vdvm pujna jhiarhar jh mtrms iujrpms dhi`usdvj njahdla`js y vjbjta`js aijptaacutehnmsj dhi`usm `a pmsdcd`dnan njquj j` a`la gulaha pmnrigravea rjjhiarhar jh j` iujrpm nj uhahdla` [jnrm imlprjhndjhnm ndem quj auml` irjigravea jh aquj``m

tahtm quj jvdtaca latar a iua`qudjr ahdla` Imh rjspjtmA`aha prjsjhtugrave a [jnrm jh jsj lmljhtm uh `dcrm jspjida`5J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus nj A``ah Oarnji

Ydh mfrjijr rjsdstjhidas y abranjidnm pmr j` bjstmaldbm [jnrm sdh jlcarbm hm sacigravea pmr nugravehnj imljhzarJhtmhijs A`aha subdrdugrave quj `jyjra `as prjbuhtas 333 611-619 A` dhstahtj auml` acrdugrave j` `dcrm y imljhzugrave a `jjr jh vmza`ta para imhtar imh `a pmsdc`j jxp`diaidugraveh nj A`aha qujnj gjigm sacigravea luigm nj `a Jhsjntildeahza nj `ms Jspigraverdtusjyugrave asigrave5 laquoNjsnj quj j` prdhidpdm dhtj`dbjhtj a`iahza j`branm hjijsardm para sjr Jspigraverdtu y jhtrar jh j` pjrigravemnmnj `a gulahdzaidugraveh ya hm buarna rj`aidugraveh imh su jstanmprdldtdvm y ya hm js j` a`la nj `ms ahdla`js imlm j` aacutercm`ya hm js `a sdldjhtj Nj ahdla` sugrave`m gay jh j` gmlcrjj` iujrpm y `as pasdmhjs quj haijh nj `a dhffiujhida nj`

iujrpm y nj` dhstdhtm nj imhsjrvaidugraveh dhgjrjhtj a `alatjrda Hm sj pujnj pujs njidr quj ta` gmlcrj js `ajhiarhaidugraveh nj` Jspigraverdtu nj ta` ahdla` Imhsjiujhtjljhtj `a ljtjlpsdimsds imlm `a jhtdjhnjh hm js vjrnanjraiquest1

Nj prmhtm [jnrm qujnugrave smrprjhndnm imh `arjvj`aidugraveh smcrj `a quj rjffijxdmhaca njlmstrahnmquj hjijsdtaca laacutes jxp`diaidmhjs Nj agigrave quj su aldbajxp`diugrave5 laquo[jnrm totilde sacjs quj aitua`ljhtj luiga bjhtj

tdjhj uh tj`aumlfmhm imlm j` d[gmhj frac12hm= Jhtmhijs frac12irjjsquj j` sdstjla mpjratdvm nj` d[gmhj Y (otilde`tdlm lmnj`m`ahzanm gasta jhtmhijs fuhidmharaacute imh `a ldsla jfiiaidajh j` d[gmhj gt (vjrsdugraveh ahtjrdmr)= Dlabigravehatj uh smftwarj

prmbralanm para fuhidmhar jh uh mrnjhanmr nj otilde`tdla

laquoYjrigravea rjtrmbranar sd uh Jspigraverdtu gulahm

jhiarhasj jh j` iujrpm nj uh ahdla`iquest1 Oarnji A``ah M dvrm nms Jspigraverdtms [rjbuhta 611 Jndidugraveh Mh`dhj FJC

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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91LJ^JL[YDIMYDY T SJJHIASHAIDUgraveH bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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9 Oarnji A``ah M dvrm nms Jspigraverdtms [rjbuhta 611 Jndidugraveh Mh`dhj FJC3 Oarnji A``ah M dvrm nms Jspigraverdtms [rjbuhta 619 Jndidugraveh Mh`dhj FJC

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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93 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

bull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aRjc5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjs

FaijCmmo5 wwwjspdrdtdslmiifaijcmmo

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`f5 +9gt 636 911 771

A`diahtjbull Ymidjnan Jspdrdtdsta A`diahtdhaNdrjiidugraveh5 I Cazaacuteh 3-3micro 91 A`diahtjRjc5 wwwsjajspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKsjajspdrdtaiml

^j`f5 +9gt 676 43 gt1

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta a uz nj` IaldhmNdrjiidugraveh5 Apartanm nj Imrrjms hmicro 122

99 bull Mrdguj`a (ADIAH^J)Rjc5 www`a`uznj`ialdhmiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 brupmjspdrdtaK`a`uznj`ialdhmiml ^j`f5 +9gt 46 964 1 rsquo +9gt 66 7gt4 627

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta a uz nj` [mrvjhdr Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Laumlndim `jnugrave 7 Caem - Apartanm 7

999 bull Irjvd``jhtj (ADIAH^J)Rjc5 www`a`uznj`pmrvjhdroarnjijs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 eahalmsomljhsoy143162Kblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 61 66 477

bull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms JspigraverdtasCjzjrra nj Ljhjzjs

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Cjhaiahtd` 2 - a Lata mrrjvdjea917 bull mrrjvdjea (ADIAH^J)

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ejsus211461Kyagmmjs

^j`f5 +9gt 61 6gt 364bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj CjhdnmrlNdrjiidugraveh5 I ^mlaacutes nj Mrtuntildem 4gt-3microA

91 bull Cjhdnmrl (ADIAH^J)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5ijhtrmjspdrdtacjhdnmrlKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 624 497 42

Carij`mhabull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj Dbua`anaNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Iarljh H 19- 1micro- 3ordf 72 bull Dbua`ana (CASIJMHA)Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsdbua`ana

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5jstundmsjspdrdtasdbua`anaKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 497 9 gt1 rsquo +9gt 64 1 3gt6

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ala`da Nmldhbm Ym`jr Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Vjhtura [`aea 1 - caems Ljtrm - Cana` 737 Carij`mhaRjc5 wwwijansoarnjijs Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijansKmhmiml ^j`f5 +9gt 66 913 672

Idunan Sja`bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Almr Fratjrhm Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Fjrrmiarrd` 22 196 bull A`iaacutezar nj Yah Euah (IDZNAN SJA)

Rjc5 wwwijalmrfratjrhmjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijhtrmjspdrdtaalmrfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 436 11 296

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ialdhm nj uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 Ahtdbua Iarrjtjra nj Lanrdn 3

193 bull Lahzaharjs (IDZNAN SJA)Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsijialdhmnj`uz Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijialdhmnj`uzKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 436 63 372 rsquo +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ejsotildes nj Hazarjt Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ymiuj``alms 2 192 bull mlj``msm (IDZNAN SJA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 larda`udsa436Kgmtlad`iml

^j`f +9gt 64 62 29

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Yah Iar`ms nj` Va``jNdrjiidugraveh5 I Salugraveh y Iaea` 12 193gt2 bull Yah Iar`ms nj` Va``j (IDZNAN SJA)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsajsiva

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijsva``jKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 436 69 7

Iugravernmcabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Almr y [rmbrjsmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Emsauml Mrtjba y Bassjt 4 1gt bull Lmhtd``a (IUgraveSNMCA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 almryprmbrjsmKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 42 6gt 921 rsquo +9gt 616 13 gt3

bull Fratjrhdnan Jspigraverdta Emsauml BrmssmNdrjiidugraveh5 IAhtmhdm Laura 3 9micro N

1gt bull IugravernmcaImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 fratjrhdnanemsjbrmssmKblad`iml

Rjc5 wwwimrnmcajspdrdtajs ^j`f5 9gt 42 396 gt39 rsquo 9gt 42 73

Ds`as Ca`jarjsbull Ijhtrm Jspdrdta Jllahuj`Ndrjiidugraveh5 mlaacutes Abud`ugrave Fmrtjza 93 211bull [a`la nj La``mria (DYAY CAJASJY)

Rjc5 wwwijhtrmjspdrdtajllahuj`ndvu`baidmhmrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijhtrmjspdrdtajllahuj`Kgmtlad`iml

j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 421 376 174 rsquo +9gt 694 316 gtgt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ds`as Ca`jarjs (IJDC)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a ^rmcana gt7 a-c

211bull [a`la nj La``mria (DYAY CAJASJY)

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijdcKijdcjs

Rjc5 wwwijdcjs

^j`f5 +9gt 62 47 7gt

aumlrdnabull Assmidaidugrave Jspigraverdta Mtus d Haumlral (AJMH)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Bjrlaha Ljriccedil Yahtaiaha 19 39 bull eumlrrjba (AumlSDNA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mtusdhjralKblad`iml

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsmtusdhjral ^j`f5 9gt 429 911 324

Lanrdnbull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj LanrdnNdrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a Cm`sa 1gt - 1micro niga

3713 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwjspdrdtaslanrdniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtaslanrdnKtj`jfmhdiahjt

Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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99Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta Frahidsim nj Asigraves nj`a Ydjrra

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a Iantildeana Sja` 33 1micro C37gt Im``anm Vd``a`ca (LANSDN)

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 f rahidsimnjasdsnj`asdjrraKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 627 16 441

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Jhtrj j` Idj`m y `a djrraNdrjiidugraveh5 Avna nj Lanrdn 34 `mia` 3767 bull Yah Lartigraveh nj Va`njdb`jsdas (LANSDN)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsjhtrjj`idj`my`atdjrra

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mab`dmKarraodsjs ^j`f5 +9gt 627 662 319 rsquo +9gt 627 662 313

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ljhsaejrms nj `a uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lanjra 1 - Caem

37gt bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwitvjsZYJSYijlj`gmljgtl

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijlj`lanrdnKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 9gt 41 976 3 77 rsquo 9gt 41 91gt 7 17bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms y Ndvu`baidugraveh

Jspigraverdta (IJTNJ)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lmhtjra 1-13 3ordf [`ahta - Hmicro 9 3719 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwijynjlanrdnmrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5aurmravaziaca``jrmKgmtlad`iml

ijynjlanrdnKyagmmjs

^j`f5 9gt 41 37 gt 71 rsquo +9gt 672 446 79

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundm Jspigraverdta jugraveh NjhdsNdrjiidugraveh5 Cmhjtjrm 9 ljtrm [dm WDD 3716 bull Lanrdn

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 `jmhnjhdsijKblad`imlRjc5 www`jmhnjhdsjs - wwwc`mb`jmhnjhdsjs

Laacute`ababull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas A``ah OarnjiNdrjiidugraveh5 I Gaumlrmjs nj Ymstma 29 J-1micro

343 bull Laacute`abaRjc5 wwwjndtmrajspdrdtaa``ahoarnjijs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 a`cmrahjndtmraKmhmiml

^j`f5 9gt 43 397 67 rsquo +9gt 62 7 32

Luridabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Sjidhtm nj [az Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a [az1 1micro N ([atdntildem) 913 LuridaRjc5 wwwijrjidhtmnjpazjs

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijrjidhtmnjpazKrjidhtmnjpazjs

ldbuj`ldvjbaKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 664 96 14

[mhtjvjnrabull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta [az Arlmhigravea y Iardnan

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Sotildea [jhds 31 - 1micro Niga 9631 bull Vdbm ([MH^JVJNSA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijpazarlmhdalmryiardnanKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 +9gt 61 7gt 136

Yjvd``abull Asmidaidugraveh Ijhtrm nj Jstundms

Jspigraverdtas nj Yjvd``aNdrjiidugraveh5 [rmspjrdnan 9 rdaha gt11 bull Yjvd``a

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bull Brupm Jspigraverdta Hujvm Alahjijr Emahha nj Ahbj`ds

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ndjbm [ujrta 1 Jsi 9gt 2 A gt14 bull Yjvd``aRjc5 wwwhujvmalahjijrjspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtashujvmalahjijrKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 + 9gt 62 44 462 - + 9gt 62 44 46

^arrabmhabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Emahha nj Ahbj`dsNdrjiidugraveh5 [ucd`` Mrdm` 33

gt931 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 422 9gt6 16gt rsquo +9gt 63 gt61 67gt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Lahuj` y Ndva`nmNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Vdjhtm gt93 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)Rjc5 wwwijlyniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ar`dhbbKyagmmjs ^j`f5 +9gt 676 gt4 2gt6

Va`jhida

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Va`jhida Gmbar FratjrhmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Vd``ahujva nj Iastj``ugraveh 33 gt64 bull Va`jhidaRjc5 wwwasjsvamrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 gmbarfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 469 3 46 7

IJH^SMY JY[IgraveSD^AY MHDHJbull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aNdrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat (uhjs Ldaumlrim`js y Eujvjs 33g9)

Rjc5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`jfmhm5 +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas ‐YdhFrmhtjrasldquo

Ndrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat(Nmldhbms 31g)

Rjc5 gttp5ijjsdhfrmhtjrasjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijjsdhfrmhtjrasKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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9gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta

Abjhna Irdstdaha - JNDIJD gt ₠

A`cmrana Irdstdaha (Ljndahm) gt ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrDD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

Aacuternua Asijhsdugraveh 13 ₠

Atjhidugraveh (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ialdhm Vjrnan y Vdna - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Iartd``a nj` Cdjh - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Iuahnm Sjbrjsj `a [rdlavjra (Hmrla`) 2 ₠

Iujhtms Jspdrdtdstas 4 ₠

Njsnj a Mtra Vdna gt ₠

Njspdjrtj y Yja Fj`dz - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` A`la js Dhlmrta` 7 ₠

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta 4 ₠

J` Idj`m y j` Dhfijrhm - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Jspigraverdtu nj `a Vjrnan - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` Jvahbj`dm Yjbotildeh j` Jspdrdtdslm -JNDIJD

1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Yjr Yucimhsidjhtj 6 ₠

Jh `m Dhvdsdc`j 7 ₠

Jh `ms Nmldhdms nj `a Ljndulhdnan -JNDIJD

4 ₠

Jhtrj `a djrra y j` Idj`m - JNDIJD 4 ₠Jspdrdtdslm Lmnjrhm OA DJ ODHB - FJJ ₠

Jspdrdtdslm y Jim`mbigravea - JNDIJD 7 ₠

B`msardm Jspigraverdta (Cm`sd``m) 6 ₠

Buigravea [raacuteitdia nj` Jspdrdtdsta - FJJ ₠

Gdphmtdslm y Jspdrdtdslm 7 ₠

Ejsotildes jh j` Gmbar - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Eustdida Ndvdha - JNDIJD 7 ₠

a Baumlhjsds - JNDIJD 1 ₠

a Vdna jh Fald`da gt ₠

dcjraidugraveh - JNDIJD 4 ₠

as Vdnas Yuijsdvas 4 ₠

ms Ljhsaejrms - JNDIJD 7 ₠

ms Lujrtms Ydbujh Vdvdjhnm 6 ₠

Lahms Zhdnas (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljndtaidmhjs (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljlmrdas nj` [anrj Bjrlaacuteh 2 ₠

Ljhsaej nj uh Anm`jsijhtj njsnj j`Luhnm Jspdrdtua` - JNDIJD ₠

Ldsdmhjrms nj `a uz - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Lujrtj js Vdna 6 ₠

Hujstrm Gmbar - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Mcrjrms nj `a Vdna Jtjrha - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[ah Hujstrm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[jhsaldjhtm y Vdna - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Sj`dbdugraveh nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 177 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 174 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Yjntildea` Vjrnj gt ₠

Yjxm y Njstdhm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Ydjlcra nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Yuc`dlj Jxpdaidugraveh - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Vdna Fj`dz - JNDIJD 2 ₠

Lm`njahnm j` ^jrijr Ld`jhdm - Vdna yMcra nj Ndva`nm [ Frahim

1 ₠

Vdna y Yjxm - JNDIJD 6 ₠

T `a Vdna Imhtdhotildeahellip JNDIJD 7 ₠

dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ

Ugraverbahm jndtmrda` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a sdh aacutehdlm nj `uirm quj rjdhvdjrtj jh j` prmpdm

`dcrm jspigraverdta Yj gaijh jhvigravems imhtra rjjlcm`sm Gaba su pjndnm prjfjrdc`jljhtj pmr imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim adhfmKjspdrdtdslmii m pmr tj`aumlfmhm5 636 911 771

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Vdna ahtjs nj `a Vdna

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Jhfjrljnanjs nj` a`la[aacutebdha 1gt

Jvdnjhidas Idjhtigravefiias a favmr nj`a Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna [aacutebdha 3

[`ahjaldjhtm rjjhiarhatmrdm[aacutebdha 13

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a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐ms Gdems nj` Ayjrldquo

[aacutebdha 37

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 3bull Jndidugraveh Mitucrj 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

1 antildems nj J` `dcrm nj `ms laumlnduls

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Ljndulhdnan nj jfjitms figravesdims[aacutebdha 1gt

^rahsimluhdiaidugraveh dhstruljhta`[aacutebdha 3

Fmrlaidugraveh nj` Laumlndul[aacutebdha 13

Jspdrdtdslm jh a dtjratura

[aacutebdha 37

frac12Ejsotildes jra laumlndul=[aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 1bull Jndidugraveh Eu`dm 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Jspdrdtdslm imlm fi`msmfigravea nj vdna

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm57bull Jndidugravehacrd`31gtbull [rjidm59

nj a FJJ

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Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm52bull JndidugravehMitucrj 319bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

ms Ijhtrms jspdrdtdstas njcjh sjr`a iaacutetjnra nj` Jspigraverdtu nj Vjrnan

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Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh Jspantildea

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm56bull JndidugravehEu`dm319bull[rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5bull JndidugravehLarzm319bull [rjidm59₠

nj a FJJ

Jspdrdtdslm jh j` luhnm[aacutebdha 37

[rjiursmrjs nj` Jspdrdtdslm[aacutebdha 6

Artgur Imhah Nmy`j[aacutebdha 32

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a SjvujYpdrdtj [aacutebdha 3

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^rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

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[`ura`dnan nj luhnms gacdtanms[aacutebdha 39

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pjndnmsrjvdstafjjKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3636

DHFMSLAIDUgraveH T SJYJSVAY5

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bull J` Luhnm Dhvdsdc`j

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bull J` laacutes a``aacute nj` sudidna

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7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3136

91LJ^JL[YDIMYDY T SJJHIASHAIDUgraveH bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

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smlms irjanms sjhid``ms j dbhmrahtjs pjrm jvm`uidmhalmsjh iana jxpjrdjhida y aprjhndzaej huhia rjtrmbranahnm[jhsjlms jh `a imhstahtj jxpahsdugraveh nj hujstraspmsdcd`dnanjs dhtj`jitua`js y figravesdiasiquest

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tjla jstundar y imlpartdr imh sus fald`darjs quj talcdaumlh tjhigraveah ta` irjjhida `jbahnm a iasa prmpusm uha rjuhdugravehfald`dar imh iafauml y ba``jtas T jh `a rj`aeaidugraveh nj `a rjuhdugravehfald`dar `js prjsjhtugrave j` `dcrm oarnjqudahm T pmim a pmimfuj idtahnm `ms pasaejs jspigraverdtas ldjhtras `ms jxp`diacauhm a uhm A` fiha` imhi`uyugrave5 laquoAlanms jh jstj lmljhtm

prmsdbalms rjspjtahnm a `ms ahdla`js quj talcdaumlh smh

hujstrms gjrlahms sdh jlcarbm sdh j` tjlmr nj quj jhiua`qudjr idriuhstahida rjjhiarharjlms jh j` iujrpm njuhm nj j``ms dcjraumllmhms nj jstj jquigravevmim nj `a razugraveh yprmsdbalms hujstras vdnasiquest

Qujrdnm `jitmr jh jsta rjffijxdugraveh jhimhtralms uhparandbla jvm`utdvm quj jstaacute rjspa`nanm jh uha razugravehdhnunac`j5 iexcl[rmbrjsalms sdjlprj Aprmvjigjlms pujs mslmljhtms nj jsta rjjhiarhaidugraveh mcsjrvahnm nmldharhujstrms dhstdhtms ahdla`js a` fiha` iarbalms uha iarbafi`mbjhaumltdia nj `as jxpjrdjhidas nj` pasanm sdh tjhjr qujvm`vjr a j``as T imlm Oarnji ndem laquo`a ljtjlpsdimsds imlm`a jhtdjhnjh hm js vjrnanjraiquest9

( ranuiidugraveh nj m`a Bariigravea)

iexcl[rmbrjsalms sdjlprj Aprmvjigjlms

pujs `ms lmljhtms nj jstarjjhiarhaidugraveh mcsjrvahnm nmldharhujstrms dhstdhtms ahdla`js

9 Oarnji A``ah M dvrm nms Jspigraverdtms [rjbuhta 611 Jndidugraveh Mh`dhj FJC3 Oarnji A``ah M dvrm nms Jspigraverdtms [rjbuhta 619 Jndidugraveh Mh`dhj FJC

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3236

93 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

bull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aRjc5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjs

FaijCmmo5 wwwjspdrdtdslmiifaijcmmo

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`f5 +9gt 636 911 771

A`diahtjbull Ymidjnan Jspdrdtdsta A`diahtdhaNdrjiidugraveh5 I Cazaacuteh 3-3micro 91 A`diahtjRjc5 wwwsjajspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKsjajspdrdtaiml

^j`f5 +9gt 676 43 gt1

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta a uz nj` IaldhmNdrjiidugraveh5 Apartanm nj Imrrjms hmicro 122

99 bull Mrdguj`a (ADIAH^J)Rjc5 www`a`uznj`ialdhmiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 brupmjspdrdtaK`a`uznj`ialdhmiml ^j`f5 +9gt 46 964 1 rsquo +9gt 66 7gt4 627

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta a uz nj` [mrvjhdr Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Laumlndim `jnugrave 7 Caem - Apartanm 7

999 bull Irjvd``jhtj (ADIAH^J)Rjc5 www`a`uznj`pmrvjhdroarnjijs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 eahalmsomljhsoy143162Kblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 61 66 477

bull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms JspigraverdtasCjzjrra nj Ljhjzjs

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Cjhaiahtd` 2 - a Lata mrrjvdjea917 bull mrrjvdjea (ADIAH^J)

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ejsus211461Kyagmmjs

^j`f5 +9gt 61 6gt 364bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj CjhdnmrlNdrjiidugraveh5 I ^mlaacutes nj Mrtuntildem 4gt-3microA

91 bull Cjhdnmrl (ADIAH^J)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5ijhtrmjspdrdtacjhdnmrlKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 624 497 42

Carij`mhabull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj Dbua`anaNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Iarljh H 19- 1micro- 3ordf 72 bull Dbua`ana (CASIJMHA)Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsdbua`ana

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5jstundmsjspdrdtasdbua`anaKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 497 9 gt1 rsquo +9gt 64 1 3gt6

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ala`da Nmldhbm Ym`jr Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Vjhtura [`aea 1 - caems Ljtrm - Cana` 737 Carij`mhaRjc5 wwwijansoarnjijs Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijansKmhmiml ^j`f5 +9gt 66 913 672

Idunan Sja`bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Almr Fratjrhm Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Fjrrmiarrd` 22 196 bull A`iaacutezar nj Yah Euah (IDZNAN SJA)

Rjc5 wwwijalmrfratjrhmjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijhtrmjspdrdtaalmrfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 436 11 296

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ialdhm nj uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 Ahtdbua Iarrjtjra nj Lanrdn 3

193 bull Lahzaharjs (IDZNAN SJA)Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsijialdhmnj`uz Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijialdhmnj`uzKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 436 63 372 rsquo +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ejsotildes nj Hazarjt Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ymiuj``alms 2 192 bull mlj``msm (IDZNAN SJA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 larda`udsa436Kgmtlad`iml

^j`f +9gt 64 62 29

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Yah Iar`ms nj` Va``jNdrjiidugraveh5 I Salugraveh y Iaea` 12 193gt2 bull Yah Iar`ms nj` Va``j (IDZNAN SJA)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsajsiva

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijsva``jKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 436 69 7

Iugravernmcabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Almr y [rmbrjsmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Emsauml Mrtjba y Bassjt 4 1gt bull Lmhtd``a (IUgraveSNMCA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 almryprmbrjsmKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 42 6gt 921 rsquo +9gt 616 13 gt3

bull Fratjrhdnan Jspigraverdta Emsauml BrmssmNdrjiidugraveh5 IAhtmhdm Laura 3 9micro N

1gt bull IugravernmcaImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 fratjrhdnanemsjbrmssmKblad`iml

Rjc5 wwwimrnmcajspdrdtajs ^j`f5 9gt 42 396 gt39 rsquo 9gt 42 73

Ds`as Ca`jarjsbull Ijhtrm Jspdrdta Jllahuj`Ndrjiidugraveh5 mlaacutes Abud`ugrave Fmrtjza 93 211bull [a`la nj La``mria (DYAY CAJASJY)

Rjc5 wwwijhtrmjspdrdtajllahuj`ndvu`baidmhmrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijhtrmjspdrdtajllahuj`Kgmtlad`iml

j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 421 376 174 rsquo +9gt 694 316 gtgt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ds`as Ca`jarjs (IJDC)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a ^rmcana gt7 a-c

211bull [a`la nj La``mria (DYAY CAJASJY)

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijdcKijdcjs

Rjc5 wwwijdcjs

^j`f5 +9gt 62 47 7gt

aumlrdnabull Assmidaidugrave Jspigraverdta Mtus d Haumlral (AJMH)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Bjrlaha Ljriccedil Yahtaiaha 19 39 bull eumlrrjba (AumlSDNA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mtusdhjralKblad`iml

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsmtusdhjral ^j`f5 9gt 429 911 324

Lanrdnbull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj LanrdnNdrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a Cm`sa 1gt - 1micro niga

3713 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwjspdrdtaslanrdniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtaslanrdnKtj`jfmhdiahjt

Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3336

99Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta Frahidsim nj Asigraves nj`a Ydjrra

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a Iantildeana Sja` 33 1micro C37gt Im``anm Vd``a`ca (LANSDN)

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 f rahidsimnjasdsnj`asdjrraKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 627 16 441

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Jhtrj j` Idj`m y `a djrraNdrjiidugraveh5 Avna nj Lanrdn 34 `mia` 3767 bull Yah Lartigraveh nj Va`njdb`jsdas (LANSDN)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsjhtrjj`idj`my`atdjrra

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mab`dmKarraodsjs ^j`f5 +9gt 627 662 319 rsquo +9gt 627 662 313

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ljhsaejrms nj `a uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lanjra 1 - Caem

37gt bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwitvjsZYJSYijlj`gmljgtl

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijlj`lanrdnKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 9gt 41 976 3 77 rsquo 9gt 41 91gt 7 17bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms y Ndvu`baidugraveh

Jspigraverdta (IJTNJ)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lmhtjra 1-13 3ordf [`ahta - Hmicro 9 3719 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwijynjlanrdnmrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5aurmravaziaca``jrmKgmtlad`iml

ijynjlanrdnKyagmmjs

^j`f5 9gt 41 37 gt 71 rsquo +9gt 672 446 79

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundm Jspigraverdta jugraveh NjhdsNdrjiidugraveh5 Cmhjtjrm 9 ljtrm [dm WDD 3716 bull Lanrdn

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 `jmhnjhdsijKblad`imlRjc5 www`jmhnjhdsjs - wwwc`mb`jmhnjhdsjs

Laacute`ababull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas A``ah OarnjiNdrjiidugraveh5 I Gaumlrmjs nj Ymstma 29 J-1micro

343 bull Laacute`abaRjc5 wwwjndtmrajspdrdtaa``ahoarnjijs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 a`cmrahjndtmraKmhmiml

^j`f5 9gt 43 397 67 rsquo +9gt 62 7 32

Luridabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Sjidhtm nj [az Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a [az1 1micro N ([atdntildem) 913 LuridaRjc5 wwwijrjidhtmnjpazjs

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijrjidhtmnjpazKrjidhtmnjpazjs

ldbuj`ldvjbaKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 664 96 14

[mhtjvjnrabull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta [az Arlmhigravea y Iardnan

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Sotildea [jhds 31 - 1micro Niga 9631 bull Vdbm ([MH^JVJNSA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijpazarlmhdalmryiardnanKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 +9gt 61 7gt 136

Yjvd``abull Asmidaidugraveh Ijhtrm nj Jstundms

Jspigraverdtas nj Yjvd``aNdrjiidugraveh5 [rmspjrdnan 9 rdaha gt11 bull Yjvd``a

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bull Brupm Jspigraverdta Hujvm Alahjijr Emahha nj Ahbj`ds

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ndjbm [ujrta 1 Jsi 9gt 2 A gt14 bull Yjvd``aRjc5 wwwhujvmalahjijrjspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtashujvmalahjijrKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 + 9gt 62 44 462 - + 9gt 62 44 46

^arrabmhabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Emahha nj Ahbj`dsNdrjiidugraveh5 [ucd`` Mrdm` 33

gt931 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 422 9gt6 16gt rsquo +9gt 63 gt61 67gt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Lahuj` y Ndva`nmNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Vdjhtm gt93 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)Rjc5 wwwijlyniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ar`dhbbKyagmmjs ^j`f5 +9gt 676 gt4 2gt6

Va`jhida

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Va`jhida Gmbar FratjrhmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Vd``ahujva nj Iastj``ugraveh 33 gt64 bull Va`jhidaRjc5 wwwasjsvamrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 gmbarfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 469 3 46 7

IJH^SMY JY[IgraveSD^AY MHDHJbull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aNdrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat (uhjs Ldaumlrim`js y Eujvjs 33g9)

Rjc5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`jfmhm5 +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas ‐YdhFrmhtjrasldquo

Ndrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat(Nmldhbms 31g)

Rjc5 gttp5ijjsdhfrmhtjrasjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijjsdhfrmhtjrasKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3436

9gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta

Abjhna Irdstdaha - JNDIJD gt ₠

A`cmrana Irdstdaha (Ljndahm) gt ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrDD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

Aacuternua Asijhsdugraveh 13 ₠

Atjhidugraveh (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ialdhm Vjrnan y Vdna - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Iartd``a nj` Cdjh - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Iuahnm Sjbrjsj `a [rdlavjra (Hmrla`) 2 ₠

Iujhtms Jspdrdtdstas 4 ₠

Njsnj a Mtra Vdna gt ₠

Njspdjrtj y Yja Fj`dz - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` A`la js Dhlmrta` 7 ₠

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta 4 ₠

J` Idj`m y j` Dhfijrhm - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Jspigraverdtu nj `a Vjrnan - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` Jvahbj`dm Yjbotildeh j` Jspdrdtdslm -JNDIJD

1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Yjr Yucimhsidjhtj 6 ₠

Jh `m Dhvdsdc`j 7 ₠

Jh `ms Nmldhdms nj `a Ljndulhdnan -JNDIJD

4 ₠

Jhtrj `a djrra y j` Idj`m - JNDIJD 4 ₠Jspdrdtdslm Lmnjrhm OA DJ ODHB - FJJ ₠

Jspdrdtdslm y Jim`mbigravea - JNDIJD 7 ₠

B`msardm Jspigraverdta (Cm`sd``m) 6 ₠

Buigravea [raacuteitdia nj` Jspdrdtdsta - FJJ ₠

Gdphmtdslm y Jspdrdtdslm 7 ₠

Ejsotildes jh j` Gmbar - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Eustdida Ndvdha - JNDIJD 7 ₠

a Baumlhjsds - JNDIJD 1 ₠

a Vdna jh Fald`da gt ₠

dcjraidugraveh - JNDIJD 4 ₠

as Vdnas Yuijsdvas 4 ₠

ms Ljhsaejrms - JNDIJD 7 ₠

ms Lujrtms Ydbujh Vdvdjhnm 6 ₠

Lahms Zhdnas (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljndtaidmhjs (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljlmrdas nj` [anrj Bjrlaacuteh 2 ₠

Ljhsaej nj uh Anm`jsijhtj njsnj j`Luhnm Jspdrdtua` - JNDIJD ₠

Ldsdmhjrms nj `a uz - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Lujrtj js Vdna 6 ₠

Hujstrm Gmbar - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Mcrjrms nj `a Vdna Jtjrha - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[ah Hujstrm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[jhsaldjhtm y Vdna - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Sj`dbdugraveh nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 177 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 174 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Yjntildea` Vjrnj gt ₠

Yjxm y Njstdhm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Ydjlcra nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Yuc`dlj Jxpdaidugraveh - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Vdna Fj`dz - JNDIJD 2 ₠

Lm`njahnm j` ^jrijr Ld`jhdm - Vdna yMcra nj Ndva`nm [ Frahim

1 ₠

Vdna y Yjxm - JNDIJD 6 ₠

T `a Vdna Imhtdhotildeahellip JNDIJD 7 ₠

dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ

Ugraverbahm jndtmrda` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a sdh aacutehdlm nj `uirm quj rjdhvdjrtj jh j` prmpdm

`dcrm jspigraverdta Yj gaijh jhvigravems imhtra rjjlcm`sm Gaba su pjndnm prjfjrdc`jljhtj pmr imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim adhfmKjspdrdtdslmii m pmr tj`aumlfmhm5 636 911 771

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3536

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Vdna ahtjs nj `a Vdna

Jhtrjvdsta a Iar`msSmcjrtm Ialpjttd

Jhfjrljnanjs nj` a`la[aacutebdha 1gt

Jvdnjhidas Idjhtigravefiias a favmr nj`a Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna [aacutebdha 3

[`ahjaldjhtm rjjhiarhatmrdm[aacutebdha 13

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐ms Gdems nj` Ayjrldquo

[aacutebdha 37

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 3bull Jndidugraveh Mitucrj 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

1 antildems nj J` `dcrm nj `ms laumlnduls

Jhtrjvdsta a` LaumlndulNdva`nm Frahim

Ljndulhdnan nj jfjitms figravesdims[aacutebdha 1gt

^rahsimluhdiaidugraveh dhstruljhta`[aacutebdha 3

Fmrlaidugraveh nj` Laumlndul[aacutebdha 13

Jspdrdtdslm jh a dtjratura

[aacutebdha 37

frac12Ejsotildes jra laumlndul=[aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 1bull Jndidugraveh Eu`dm 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Jspdrdtdslm imlm fi`msmfigravea nj vdna

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm57bull Jndidugravehacrd`31gtbull [rjidm59

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm52bull JndidugravehMitucrj 319bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

ms Ijhtrms jspdrdtdstas njcjh sjr`a iaacutetjnra nj` Jspigraverdtu nj Vjrnan

QZAuml JY J JY[DSD^DYLM=

DH^SMNZIIDUgraveHA IMHMIDLDJH^M NJ LZHNM DHVDYDCJ

[MS AY LAHDFJY^AIDMHJY NJ MY JY[IgraveSD^ZY

Imhtdjhj j` rjsuljh nj ms prdhidpdms nj a nmitrdha jspdrdtdsta y as rjs-pujstas a as prdhidpa`js mcejidmhjs

pmr

A``ah - Oarnjiautmr nj` dcrm nj ms jspigraverdtus y nj` dcrm nj ms Ljnduls

JNDIDUgraveH JIMHUgraveLDIA

[rjidm 3 rja`js

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh Jspantildea

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm56bull JndidugravehEu`dm319bull[rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5bull JndidugravehLarzm319bull [rjidm59₠

nj a FJJ

Jspdrdtdslm jh j` luhnm[aacutebdha 37

[rjiursmrjs nj` Jspdrdtdslm[aacutebdha 6

Artgur Imhah Nmy`j[aacutebdha 32

Idjhtigravefiims jspigraverdtas nj`sdb`m WDW [aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a rjvj`aidugraveh jspigraverdtay A``ah Oarnji [aacutebdha 17

a SjvujYpdrdtj [aacutebdha 3

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

a Vdna jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

[sdim`mbigravea jh j` laacutes a``aacute[aacutebdha 1gt

Aacutehbj`js BuarndahjsJspigraverdtus [rm-tjitmrjsFald`darjs y Ydlpaacutetdims

[aacutebdha 32[jrdjspigraverdtu

[aacutebdha 33

ms Yujntildems Jspdrdtua`js[aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐HMYYM ASldquo

Jhtrjvdsta aYahtdaba Hmbujrm [aacutebdha 1

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5gtbull JndidugravehYjptdjlcrj 313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

^rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

a vdna jtjrha[aacutebdha 1

^rahsdidugraveh p`ahjtarda[aacutebdha 37

[`ura`dnan nj luhnms gacdtanms[aacutebdha 39

Jvm`uidugraveh gdstugraverdia nj` pjhsaldjh-tm jspdrdtua` [aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Jhtrjvdsta

Cdmbrafigravea

a Larigravea nj `aBraida nj Jh-

njr [aacutebdha 12

aumlmh Njhds[aacutebdha 7

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm59bull JndidugravehLarzm313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

[jtdidugraveh nj hotildeljrms ahtjrdmrjs5

H 1 rsquo 1 Antildems nj` ‐dcrm nj`ms Laumlndulsldquo

H 3 rsquo Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna

H 9 rsquo rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

H gt rsquo a Vdna jh j` luhnmjspdrdtua`

H rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

H 6 rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslmjh Jspantildea

H 2 rsquo J` Ijhtrm Jspdrdta

H 7 rsquo J` Jspdrdtdslm imlmfi`msmfigravea nj vdna

pjndnmsrjvdstafjjKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3636

DHFMSLAIDUgraveH T SJYJSVAY5

YJISJ^ASIgraveA AumlIHDIAMSBAHDUA

IMHFJSJHIDAY

T YJLDHASDMY

bull J` Luhnm Dhvdsdc`j

bull Sjbrjsm a `a vdna jspdrdtua`

bull J` laacutes a``aacute nj` sudidna

bull a lotildesdia jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

jqud`dcrdm para j` a`la

bull Jspigraverdtus y su gdstmrda jh `a gulahd-

nan

bull ^jrapda nj` almr

bull Imluhdiaidugraveh imh `ms jspigraverdtus5

ldtms y vjrnanjs

bull Njsvj`ahnm `m dhvdsdc`j (prujcas idjhtigrave-

fiias fi`msugravefiias j gdstugraverdias)

I d ` n d d dc`

a partdidpaidugraveh a jstj jvjhtm jstaacute acdjrta a tmnas aquj``as pjrsmhas dhtjrjsanas

IMHFJSJHIDAH^JY

Ndva`nm [ Frahim - A`frjnm A`mhsm nj `a Fujhtj - A`frjnm

^acujntildea - Vditmr Suahm - Iar`ms Ialpjttd - Euah Ldbuj`

Fjrhaacutehnjz - Eahaigraveha Ldhj``d - Iarljh Iarnmha - Ldbuj`

Vjra - M`ba Mrtdz

6 2 y 7 Ndidjlcrj 31gt

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3236

93 Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

bull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aRjc5 wwwjspdrdtdslmjs

FaijCmmo5 wwwjspdrdtdslmiifaijcmmo

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`f5 +9gt 636 911 771

A`diahtjbull Ymidjnan Jspdrdtdsta A`diahtdhaNdrjiidugraveh5 I Cazaacuteh 3-3micro 91 A`diahtjRjc5 wwwsjajspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKsjajspdrdtaiml

^j`f5 +9gt 676 43 gt1

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta a uz nj` IaldhmNdrjiidugraveh5 Apartanm nj Imrrjms hmicro 122

99 bull Mrdguj`a (ADIAH^J)Rjc5 www`a`uznj`ialdhmiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 brupmjspdrdtaK`a`uznj`ialdhmiml ^j`f5 +9gt 46 964 1 rsquo +9gt 66 7gt4 627

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta a uz nj` [mrvjhdr Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Laumlndim `jnugrave 7 Caem - Apartanm 7

999 bull Irjvd``jhtj (ADIAH^J)Rjc5 www`a`uznj`pmrvjhdroarnjijs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 eahalmsomljhsoy143162Kblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 61 66 477

bull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms JspigraverdtasCjzjrra nj Ljhjzjs

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Cjhaiahtd` 2 - a Lata mrrjvdjea917 bull mrrjvdjea (ADIAH^J)

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ejsus211461Kyagmmjs

^j`f5 +9gt 61 6gt 364bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj CjhdnmrlNdrjiidugraveh5 I ^mlaacutes nj Mrtuntildem 4gt-3microA

91 bull Cjhdnmrl (ADIAH^J)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5ijhtrmjspdrdtacjhdnmrlKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 624 497 42

Carij`mhabull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj Dbua`anaNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Iarljh H 19- 1micro- 3ordf 72 bull Dbua`ana (CASIJMHA)Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsdbua`ana

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5jstundmsjspdrdtasdbua`anaKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 497 9 gt1 rsquo +9gt 64 1 3gt6

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ala`da Nmldhbm Ym`jr Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Vjhtura [`aea 1 - caems Ljtrm - Cana` 737 Carij`mhaRjc5 wwwijansoarnjijs Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijansKmhmiml ^j`f5 +9gt 66 913 672

Idunan Sja`bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Almr Fratjrhm Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Fjrrmiarrd` 22 196 bull A`iaacutezar nj Yah Euah (IDZNAN SJA)

Rjc5 wwwijalmrfratjrhmjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijhtrmjspdrdtaalmrfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 436 11 296

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ialdhm nj uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 Ahtdbua Iarrjtjra nj Lanrdn 3

193 bull Lahzaharjs (IDZNAN SJA)Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsijialdhmnj`uz Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijialdhmnj`uzKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 436 63 372 rsquo +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ejsotildes nj Hazarjt Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ymiuj``alms 2 192 bull mlj``msm (IDZNAN SJA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 larda`udsa436Kgmtlad`iml

^j`f +9gt 64 62 29

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Yah Iar`ms nj` Va``jNdrjiidugraveh5 I Salugraveh y Iaea` 12 193gt2 bull Yah Iar`ms nj` Va``j (IDZNAN SJA)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsajsiva

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijsva``jKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 9gt 436 69 7

Iugravernmcabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Almr y [rmbrjsmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Emsauml Mrtjba y Bassjt 4 1gt bull Lmhtd``a (IUgraveSNMCA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 almryprmbrjsmKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 42 6gt 921 rsquo +9gt 616 13 gt3

bull Fratjrhdnan Jspigraverdta Emsauml BrmssmNdrjiidugraveh5 IAhtmhdm Laura 3 9micro N

1gt bull IugravernmcaImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 fratjrhdnanemsjbrmssmKblad`iml

Rjc5 wwwimrnmcajspdrdtajs ^j`f5 9gt 42 396 gt39 rsquo 9gt 42 73

Ds`as Ca`jarjsbull Ijhtrm Jspdrdta Jllahuj`Ndrjiidugraveh5 mlaacutes Abud`ugrave Fmrtjza 93 211bull [a`la nj La``mria (DYAY CAJASJY)

Rjc5 wwwijhtrmjspdrdtajllahuj`ndvu`baidmhmrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijhtrmjspdrdtajllahuj`Kgmtlad`iml

j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 421 376 174 rsquo +9gt 694 316 gtgt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ds`as Ca`jarjs (IJDC)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a ^rmcana gt7 a-c

211bull [a`la nj La``mria (DYAY CAJASJY)

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijdcKijdcjs

Rjc5 wwwijdcjs

^j`f5 +9gt 62 47 7gt

aumlrdnabull Assmidaidugrave Jspigraverdta Mtus d Haumlral (AJMH)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Bjrlaha Ljriccedil Yahtaiaha 19 39 bull eumlrrjba (AumlSDNA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mtusdhjralKblad`iml

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsmtusdhjral ^j`f5 9gt 429 911 324

Lanrdnbull Asmidaidugraveh nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas nj LanrdnNdrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a Cm`sa 1gt - 1micro niga

3713 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwjspdrdtaslanrdniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtaslanrdnKtj`jfmhdiahjt

Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3336

99Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta Frahidsim nj Asigraves nj`a Ydjrra

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a Iantildeana Sja` 33 1micro C37gt Im``anm Vd``a`ca (LANSDN)

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 f rahidsimnjasdsnj`asdjrraKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 627 16 441

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Jhtrj j` Idj`m y `a djrraNdrjiidugraveh5 Avna nj Lanrdn 34 `mia` 3767 bull Yah Lartigraveh nj Va`njdb`jsdas (LANSDN)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsjhtrjj`idj`my`atdjrra

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mab`dmKarraodsjs ^j`f5 +9gt 627 662 319 rsquo +9gt 627 662 313

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ljhsaejrms nj `a uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lanjra 1 - Caem

37gt bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwitvjsZYJSYijlj`gmljgtl

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijlj`lanrdnKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 9gt 41 976 3 77 rsquo 9gt 41 91gt 7 17bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms y Ndvu`baidugraveh

Jspigraverdta (IJTNJ)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lmhtjra 1-13 3ordf [`ahta - Hmicro 9 3719 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwijynjlanrdnmrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5aurmravaziaca``jrmKgmtlad`iml

ijynjlanrdnKyagmmjs

^j`f5 9gt 41 37 gt 71 rsquo +9gt 672 446 79

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundm Jspigraverdta jugraveh NjhdsNdrjiidugraveh5 Cmhjtjrm 9 ljtrm [dm WDD 3716 bull Lanrdn

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 `jmhnjhdsijKblad`imlRjc5 www`jmhnjhdsjs - wwwc`mb`jmhnjhdsjs

Laacute`ababull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas A``ah OarnjiNdrjiidugraveh5 I Gaumlrmjs nj Ymstma 29 J-1micro

343 bull Laacute`abaRjc5 wwwjndtmrajspdrdtaa``ahoarnjijs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 a`cmrahjndtmraKmhmiml

^j`f5 9gt 43 397 67 rsquo +9gt 62 7 32

Luridabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Sjidhtm nj [az Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a [az1 1micro N ([atdntildem) 913 LuridaRjc5 wwwijrjidhtmnjpazjs

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijrjidhtmnjpazKrjidhtmnjpazjs

ldbuj`ldvjbaKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 664 96 14

[mhtjvjnrabull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta [az Arlmhigravea y Iardnan

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Sotildea [jhds 31 - 1micro Niga 9631 bull Vdbm ([MH^JVJNSA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijpazarlmhdalmryiardnanKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 +9gt 61 7gt 136

Yjvd``abull Asmidaidugraveh Ijhtrm nj Jstundms

Jspigraverdtas nj Yjvd``aNdrjiidugraveh5 [rmspjrdnan 9 rdaha gt11 bull Yjvd``a

Rjc5 wwwjspdrdtassjvd``ajsImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 bjhmvjvala``mKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 4gt 379 7 rsquo +9gt 6 gt71 794

bull Brupm Jspigraverdta Hujvm Alahjijr Emahha nj Ahbj`ds

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ndjbm [ujrta 1 Jsi 9gt 2 A gt14 bull Yjvd``aRjc5 wwwhujvmalahjijrjspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtashujvmalahjijrKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 + 9gt 62 44 462 - + 9gt 62 44 46

^arrabmhabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Emahha nj Ahbj`dsNdrjiidugraveh5 [ucd`` Mrdm` 33

gt931 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 422 9gt6 16gt rsquo +9gt 63 gt61 67gt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Lahuj` y Ndva`nmNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Vdjhtm gt93 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)Rjc5 wwwijlyniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ar`dhbbKyagmmjs ^j`f5 +9gt 676 gt4 2gt6

Va`jhida

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Va`jhida Gmbar FratjrhmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Vd``ahujva nj Iastj``ugraveh 33 gt64 bull Va`jhidaRjc5 wwwasjsvamrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 gmbarfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 469 3 46 7

IJH^SMY JY[IgraveSD^AY MHDHJbull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aNdrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat (uhjs Ldaumlrim`js y Eujvjs 33g9)

Rjc5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`jfmhm5 +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas ‐YdhFrmhtjrasldquo

Ndrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat(Nmldhbms 31g)

Rjc5 gttp5ijjsdhfrmhtjrasjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijjsdhfrmhtjrasKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3436

9gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta

Abjhna Irdstdaha - JNDIJD gt ₠

A`cmrana Irdstdaha (Ljndahm) gt ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrDD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

Aacuternua Asijhsdugraveh 13 ₠

Atjhidugraveh (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ialdhm Vjrnan y Vdna - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Iartd``a nj` Cdjh - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Iuahnm Sjbrjsj `a [rdlavjra (Hmrla`) 2 ₠

Iujhtms Jspdrdtdstas 4 ₠

Njsnj a Mtra Vdna gt ₠

Njspdjrtj y Yja Fj`dz - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` A`la js Dhlmrta` 7 ₠

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta 4 ₠

J` Idj`m y j` Dhfijrhm - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Jspigraverdtu nj `a Vjrnan - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` Jvahbj`dm Yjbotildeh j` Jspdrdtdslm -JNDIJD

1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Yjr Yucimhsidjhtj 6 ₠

Jh `m Dhvdsdc`j 7 ₠

Jh `ms Nmldhdms nj `a Ljndulhdnan -JNDIJD

4 ₠

Jhtrj `a djrra y j` Idj`m - JNDIJD 4 ₠Jspdrdtdslm Lmnjrhm OA DJ ODHB - FJJ ₠

Jspdrdtdslm y Jim`mbigravea - JNDIJD 7 ₠

B`msardm Jspigraverdta (Cm`sd``m) 6 ₠

Buigravea [raacuteitdia nj` Jspdrdtdsta - FJJ ₠

Gdphmtdslm y Jspdrdtdslm 7 ₠

Ejsotildes jh j` Gmbar - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Eustdida Ndvdha - JNDIJD 7 ₠

a Baumlhjsds - JNDIJD 1 ₠

a Vdna jh Fald`da gt ₠

dcjraidugraveh - JNDIJD 4 ₠

as Vdnas Yuijsdvas 4 ₠

ms Ljhsaejrms - JNDIJD 7 ₠

ms Lujrtms Ydbujh Vdvdjhnm 6 ₠

Lahms Zhdnas (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljndtaidmhjs (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljlmrdas nj` [anrj Bjrlaacuteh 2 ₠

Ljhsaej nj uh Anm`jsijhtj njsnj j`Luhnm Jspdrdtua` - JNDIJD ₠

Ldsdmhjrms nj `a uz - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Lujrtj js Vdna 6 ₠

Hujstrm Gmbar - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Mcrjrms nj `a Vdna Jtjrha - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[ah Hujstrm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[jhsaldjhtm y Vdna - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Sj`dbdugraveh nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 177 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 174 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Yjntildea` Vjrnj gt ₠

Yjxm y Njstdhm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Ydjlcra nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Yuc`dlj Jxpdaidugraveh - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Vdna Fj`dz - JNDIJD 2 ₠

Lm`njahnm j` ^jrijr Ld`jhdm - Vdna yMcra nj Ndva`nm [ Frahim

1 ₠

Vdna y Yjxm - JNDIJD 6 ₠

T `a Vdna Imhtdhotildeahellip JNDIJD 7 ₠

dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ

Ugraverbahm jndtmrda` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a sdh aacutehdlm nj `uirm quj rjdhvdjrtj jh j` prmpdm

`dcrm jspigraverdta Yj gaijh jhvigravems imhtra rjjlcm`sm Gaba su pjndnm prjfjrdc`jljhtj pmr imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim adhfmKjspdrdtdslmii m pmr tj`aumlfmhm5 636 911 771

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3536

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Vdna ahtjs nj `a Vdna

Jhtrjvdsta a Iar`msSmcjrtm Ialpjttd

Jhfjrljnanjs nj` a`la[aacutebdha 1gt

Jvdnjhidas Idjhtigravefiias a favmr nj`a Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna [aacutebdha 3

[`ahjaldjhtm rjjhiarhatmrdm[aacutebdha 13

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐ms Gdems nj` Ayjrldquo

[aacutebdha 37

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 3bull Jndidugraveh Mitucrj 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

1 antildems nj J` `dcrm nj `ms laumlnduls

Jhtrjvdsta a` LaumlndulNdva`nm Frahim

Ljndulhdnan nj jfjitms figravesdims[aacutebdha 1gt

^rahsimluhdiaidugraveh dhstruljhta`[aacutebdha 3

Fmrlaidugraveh nj` Laumlndul[aacutebdha 13

Jspdrdtdslm jh a dtjratura

[aacutebdha 37

frac12Ejsotildes jra laumlndul=[aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 1bull Jndidugraveh Eu`dm 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Jspdrdtdslm imlm fi`msmfigravea nj vdna

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm57bull Jndidugravehacrd`31gtbull [rjidm59

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm52bull JndidugravehMitucrj 319bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

ms Ijhtrms jspdrdtdstas njcjh sjr`a iaacutetjnra nj` Jspigraverdtu nj Vjrnan

QZAuml JY J JY[DSD^DYLM=

DH^SMNZIIDUgraveHA IMHMIDLDJH^M NJ LZHNM DHVDYDCJ

[MS AY LAHDFJY^AIDMHJY NJ MY JY[IgraveSD^ZY

Imhtdjhj j` rjsuljh nj ms prdhidpdms nj a nmitrdha jspdrdtdsta y as rjs-pujstas a as prdhidpa`js mcejidmhjs

pmr

A``ah - Oarnjiautmr nj` dcrm nj ms jspigraverdtus y nj` dcrm nj ms Ljnduls

JNDIDUgraveH JIMHUgraveLDIA

[rjidm 3 rja`js

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh Jspantildea

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm56bull JndidugravehEu`dm319bull[rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5bull JndidugravehLarzm319bull [rjidm59₠

nj a FJJ

Jspdrdtdslm jh j` luhnm[aacutebdha 37

[rjiursmrjs nj` Jspdrdtdslm[aacutebdha 6

Artgur Imhah Nmy`j[aacutebdha 32

Idjhtigravefiims jspigraverdtas nj`sdb`m WDW [aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a rjvj`aidugraveh jspigraverdtay A``ah Oarnji [aacutebdha 17

a SjvujYpdrdtj [aacutebdha 3

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

a Vdna jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

[sdim`mbigravea jh j` laacutes a``aacute[aacutebdha 1gt

Aacutehbj`js BuarndahjsJspigraverdtus [rm-tjitmrjsFald`darjs y Ydlpaacutetdims

[aacutebdha 32[jrdjspigraverdtu

[aacutebdha 33

ms Yujntildems Jspdrdtua`js[aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐HMYYM ASldquo

Jhtrjvdsta aYahtdaba Hmbujrm [aacutebdha 1

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5gtbull JndidugravehYjptdjlcrj 313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

^rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

a vdna jtjrha[aacutebdha 1

^rahsdidugraveh p`ahjtarda[aacutebdha 37

[`ura`dnan nj luhnms gacdtanms[aacutebdha 39

Jvm`uidugraveh gdstugraverdia nj` pjhsaldjh-tm jspdrdtua` [aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Jhtrjvdsta

Cdmbrafigravea

a Larigravea nj `aBraida nj Jh-

njr [aacutebdha 12

aumlmh Njhds[aacutebdha 7

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm59bull JndidugravehLarzm313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

[jtdidugraveh nj hotildeljrms ahtjrdmrjs5

H 1 rsquo 1 Antildems nj` ‐dcrm nj`ms Laumlndulsldquo

H 3 rsquo Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna

H 9 rsquo rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

H gt rsquo a Vdna jh j` luhnmjspdrdtua`

H rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

H 6 rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslmjh Jspantildea

H 2 rsquo J` Ijhtrm Jspdrdta

H 7 rsquo J` Jspdrdtdslm imlmfi`msmfigravea nj vdna

pjndnmsrjvdstafjjKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3636

DHFMSLAIDUgraveH T SJYJSVAY5

YJISJ^ASIgraveA AumlIHDIAMSBAHDUA

IMHFJSJHIDAY

T YJLDHASDMY

bull J` Luhnm Dhvdsdc`j

bull Sjbrjsm a `a vdna jspdrdtua`

bull J` laacutes a``aacute nj` sudidna

bull a lotildesdia jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

jqud`dcrdm para j` a`la

bull Jspigraverdtus y su gdstmrda jh `a gulahd-

nan

bull ^jrapda nj` almr

bull Imluhdiaidugraveh imh `ms jspigraverdtus5

ldtms y vjrnanjs

bull Njsvj`ahnm `m dhvdsdc`j (prujcas idjhtigrave-

fiias fi`msugravefiias j gdstugraverdias)

I d ` n d d dc`

a partdidpaidugraveh a jstj jvjhtm jstaacute acdjrta a tmnas aquj``as pjrsmhas dhtjrjsanas

IMHFJSJHIDAH^JY

Ndva`nm [ Frahim - A`frjnm A`mhsm nj `a Fujhtj - A`frjnm

^acujntildea - Vditmr Suahm - Iar`ms Ialpjttd - Euah Ldbuj`

Fjrhaacutehnjz - Eahaigraveha Ldhj``d - Iarljh Iarnmha - Ldbuj`

Vjra - M`ba Mrtdz

6 2 y 7 Ndidjlcrj 31gt

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3336

99Ijhtrms Jspigraverdtas nj `a FJJ bull Hotildeljrm5 4 bull Jndidugraveh Abmstm 31gt

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta Frahidsim nj Asigraves nj`a Ydjrra

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I a Iantildeana Sja` 33 1micro C37gt Im``anm Vd``a`ca (LANSDN)

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 f rahidsimnjasdsnj`asdjrraKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 627 16 441

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Jhtrj j` Idj`m y `a djrraNdrjiidugraveh5 Avna nj Lanrdn 34 `mia` 3767 bull Yah Lartigraveh nj Va`njdb`jsdas (LANSDN)

Rjc5 wwwoarnjijsjhtrjj`idj`my`atdjrra

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 mab`dmKarraodsjs ^j`f5 +9gt 627 662 319 rsquo +9gt 627 662 313

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Ljhsaejrms nj `a uz Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lanjra 1 - Caem

37gt bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwitvjsZYJSYijlj`gmljgtl

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijlj`lanrdnKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 9gt 41 976 3 77 rsquo 9gt 41 91gt 7 17bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms y Ndvu`baidugraveh

Jspigraverdta (IJTNJ)Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Lmhtjra 1-13 3ordf [`ahta - Hmicro 9 3719 bull LanrdnRjc5 wwwijynjlanrdnmrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5aurmravaziaca``jrmKgmtlad`iml

ijynjlanrdnKyagmmjs

^j`f5 9gt 41 37 gt 71 rsquo +9gt 672 446 79

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundm Jspigraverdta jugraveh NjhdsNdrjiidugraveh5 Cmhjtjrm 9 ljtrm [dm WDD 3716 bull Lanrdn

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 `jmhnjhdsijKblad`imlRjc5 www`jmhnjhdsjs - wwwc`mb`jmhnjhdsjs

Laacute`ababull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas A``ah OarnjiNdrjiidugraveh5 I Gaumlrmjs nj Ymstma 29 J-1micro

343 bull Laacute`abaRjc5 wwwjndtmrajspdrdtaa``ahoarnjijs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 a`cmrahjndtmraKmhmiml

^j`f5 9gt 43 397 67 rsquo +9gt 62 7 32

Luridabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Sjidhtm nj [az Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Nj `a [az1 1micro N ([atdntildem) 913 LuridaRjc5 wwwijrjidhtmnjpazjs

Imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim5 ijrjidhtmnjpazKrjidhtmnjpazjs

ldbuj`ldvjbaKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 664 96 14

[mhtjvjnrabull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta [az Arlmhigravea y Iardnan

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Sotildea [jhds 31 - 1micro Niga 9631 bull Vdbm ([MH^JVJNSA)Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijpazarlmhdalmryiardnanKgmtlad`js

^j`f5 +9gt 61 7gt 136

Yjvd``abull Asmidaidugraveh Ijhtrm nj Jstundms

Jspigraverdtas nj Yjvd``aNdrjiidugraveh5 [rmspjrdnan 9 rdaha gt11 bull Yjvd``a

Rjc5 wwwjspdrdtassjvd``ajsImrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 bjhmvjvala``mKblad`iml ^j`f5 9gt 4gt 379 7 rsquo +9gt 6 gt71 794

bull Brupm Jspigraverdta Hujvm Alahjijr Emahha nj Ahbj`ds

Ndrjiidugraveh5 I Ndjbm [ujrta 1 Jsi 9gt 2 A gt14 bull Yjvd``aRjc5 wwwhujvmalahjijrjspdrdtaiml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 jspdrdtashujvmalahjijrKgmtlad`iml

^j`f5 + 9gt 62 44 462 - + 9gt 62 44 46

^arrabmhabull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Emahha nj Ahbj`dsNdrjiidugraveh5 [ucd`` Mrdm` 33

gt931 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)^j`aumlfmhm5 9gt 422 9gt6 16gt rsquo +9gt 63 gt61 67gt

bull Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta Lahuj` y Ndva`nmNdrjiidugraveh5 I nj` Vdjhtm gt93 bull Saumlus (^ASSABMHA)Rjc5 wwwijlyniml

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ar`dhbbKyagmmjs ^j`f5 +9gt 676 gt4 2gt6

Va`jhida

bull Asmidaidugraveh Jspigraverdta nj Va`jhida Gmbar FratjrhmNdrjiidugraveh5 I Vd``ahujva nj Iastj``ugraveh 33 gt64 bull Va`jhidaRjc5 wwwasjsvamrb

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 gmbarfratjrhmKblad`iml

^j`f5 +9gt 469 3 46 7

IJH^SMY JY[IgraveSD^AY MHDHJbull Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`aNdrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat (uhjs Ldaumlrim`js y Eujvjs 33g9)

Rjc5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 dhfmKjspdrdtdslmii

^j`jfmhm5 +9gt 636 911 771

bull Ijhtrm nj Jstundms Jspigraverdtas ‐YdhFrmhtjrasldquo

Ndrjiidugraveh5 gttp5wwwjspdrdtdslmiiigat(Nmldhbms 31g)

Rjc5 gttp5ijjsdhfrmhtjrasjs

Imrrjm J`jitrugravehdim5 ijjsdhfrmhtjrasKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3436

9gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta

Abjhna Irdstdaha - JNDIJD gt ₠

A`cmrana Irdstdaha (Ljndahm) gt ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrDD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

Aacuternua Asijhsdugraveh 13 ₠

Atjhidugraveh (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ialdhm Vjrnan y Vdna - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Iartd``a nj` Cdjh - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Iuahnm Sjbrjsj `a [rdlavjra (Hmrla`) 2 ₠

Iujhtms Jspdrdtdstas 4 ₠

Njsnj a Mtra Vdna gt ₠

Njspdjrtj y Yja Fj`dz - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` A`la js Dhlmrta` 7 ₠

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta 4 ₠

J` Idj`m y j` Dhfijrhm - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Jspigraverdtu nj `a Vjrnan - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` Jvahbj`dm Yjbotildeh j` Jspdrdtdslm -JNDIJD

1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Yjr Yucimhsidjhtj 6 ₠

Jh `m Dhvdsdc`j 7 ₠

Jh `ms Nmldhdms nj `a Ljndulhdnan -JNDIJD

4 ₠

Jhtrj `a djrra y j` Idj`m - JNDIJD 4 ₠Jspdrdtdslm Lmnjrhm OA DJ ODHB - FJJ ₠

Jspdrdtdslm y Jim`mbigravea - JNDIJD 7 ₠

B`msardm Jspigraverdta (Cm`sd``m) 6 ₠

Buigravea [raacuteitdia nj` Jspdrdtdsta - FJJ ₠

Gdphmtdslm y Jspdrdtdslm 7 ₠

Ejsotildes jh j` Gmbar - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Eustdida Ndvdha - JNDIJD 7 ₠

a Baumlhjsds - JNDIJD 1 ₠

a Vdna jh Fald`da gt ₠

dcjraidugraveh - JNDIJD 4 ₠

as Vdnas Yuijsdvas 4 ₠

ms Ljhsaejrms - JNDIJD 7 ₠

ms Lujrtms Ydbujh Vdvdjhnm 6 ₠

Lahms Zhdnas (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljndtaidmhjs (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljlmrdas nj` [anrj Bjrlaacuteh 2 ₠

Ljhsaej nj uh Anm`jsijhtj njsnj j`Luhnm Jspdrdtua` - JNDIJD ₠

Ldsdmhjrms nj `a uz - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Lujrtj js Vdna 6 ₠

Hujstrm Gmbar - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Mcrjrms nj `a Vdna Jtjrha - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[ah Hujstrm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[jhsaldjhtm y Vdna - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Sj`dbdugraveh nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 177 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 174 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Yjntildea` Vjrnj gt ₠

Yjxm y Njstdhm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Ydjlcra nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Yuc`dlj Jxpdaidugraveh - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Vdna Fj`dz - JNDIJD 2 ₠

Lm`njahnm j` ^jrijr Ld`jhdm - Vdna yMcra nj Ndva`nm [ Frahim

1 ₠

Vdna y Yjxm - JNDIJD 6 ₠

T `a Vdna Imhtdhotildeahellip JNDIJD 7 ₠

dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ

Ugraverbahm jndtmrda` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a sdh aacutehdlm nj `uirm quj rjdhvdjrtj jh j` prmpdm

`dcrm jspigraverdta Yj gaijh jhvigravems imhtra rjjlcm`sm Gaba su pjndnm prjfjrdc`jljhtj pmr imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim adhfmKjspdrdtdslmii m pmr tj`aumlfmhm5 636 911 771

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Vdna ahtjs nj `a Vdna

Jhtrjvdsta a Iar`msSmcjrtm Ialpjttd

Jhfjrljnanjs nj` a`la[aacutebdha 1gt

Jvdnjhidas Idjhtigravefiias a favmr nj`a Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna [aacutebdha 3

[`ahjaldjhtm rjjhiarhatmrdm[aacutebdha 13

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐ms Gdems nj` Ayjrldquo

[aacutebdha 37

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 3bull Jndidugraveh Mitucrj 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

1 antildems nj J` `dcrm nj `ms laumlnduls

Jhtrjvdsta a` LaumlndulNdva`nm Frahim

Ljndulhdnan nj jfjitms figravesdims[aacutebdha 1gt

^rahsimluhdiaidugraveh dhstruljhta`[aacutebdha 3

Fmrlaidugraveh nj` Laumlndul[aacutebdha 13

Jspdrdtdslm jh a dtjratura

[aacutebdha 37

frac12Ejsotildes jra laumlndul=[aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 1bull Jndidugraveh Eu`dm 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Jspdrdtdslm imlm fi`msmfigravea nj vdna

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm57bull Jndidugravehacrd`31gtbull [rjidm59

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm52bull JndidugravehMitucrj 319bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

ms Ijhtrms jspdrdtdstas njcjh sjr`a iaacutetjnra nj` Jspigraverdtu nj Vjrnan

QZAuml JY J JY[DSD^DYLM=

DH^SMNZIIDUgraveHA IMHMIDLDJH^M NJ LZHNM DHVDYDCJ

[MS AY LAHDFJY^AIDMHJY NJ MY JY[IgraveSD^ZY

Imhtdjhj j` rjsuljh nj ms prdhidpdms nj a nmitrdha jspdrdtdsta y as rjs-pujstas a as prdhidpa`js mcejidmhjs

pmr

A``ah - Oarnjiautmr nj` dcrm nj ms jspigraverdtus y nj` dcrm nj ms Ljnduls

JNDIDUgraveH JIMHUgraveLDIA

[rjidm 3 rja`js

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh Jspantildea

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm56bull JndidugravehEu`dm319bull[rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5bull JndidugravehLarzm319bull [rjidm59₠

nj a FJJ

Jspdrdtdslm jh j` luhnm[aacutebdha 37

[rjiursmrjs nj` Jspdrdtdslm[aacutebdha 6

Artgur Imhah Nmy`j[aacutebdha 32

Idjhtigravefiims jspigraverdtas nj`sdb`m WDW [aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a rjvj`aidugraveh jspigraverdtay A``ah Oarnji [aacutebdha 17

a SjvujYpdrdtj [aacutebdha 3

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

a Vdna jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

[sdim`mbigravea jh j` laacutes a``aacute[aacutebdha 1gt

Aacutehbj`js BuarndahjsJspigraverdtus [rm-tjitmrjsFald`darjs y Ydlpaacutetdims

[aacutebdha 32[jrdjspigraverdtu

[aacutebdha 33

ms Yujntildems Jspdrdtua`js[aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐HMYYM ASldquo

Jhtrjvdsta aYahtdaba Hmbujrm [aacutebdha 1

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5gtbull JndidugravehYjptdjlcrj 313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

^rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

a vdna jtjrha[aacutebdha 1

^rahsdidugraveh p`ahjtarda[aacutebdha 37

[`ura`dnan nj luhnms gacdtanms[aacutebdha 39

Jvm`uidugraveh gdstugraverdia nj` pjhsaldjh-tm jspdrdtua` [aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Jhtrjvdsta

Cdmbrafigravea

a Larigravea nj `aBraida nj Jh-

njr [aacutebdha 12

aumlmh Njhds[aacutebdha 7

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm59bull JndidugravehLarzm313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

[jtdidugraveh nj hotildeljrms ahtjrdmrjs5

H 1 rsquo 1 Antildems nj` ‐dcrm nj`ms Laumlndulsldquo

H 3 rsquo Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna

H 9 rsquo rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

H gt rsquo a Vdna jh j` luhnmjspdrdtua`

H rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

H 6 rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslmjh Jspantildea

H 2 rsquo J` Ijhtrm Jspdrdta

H 7 rsquo J` Jspdrdtdslm imlmfi`msmfigravea nj vdna

pjndnmsrjvdstafjjKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3636

DHFMSLAIDUgraveH T SJYJSVAY5

YJISJ^ASIgraveA AumlIHDIAMSBAHDUA

IMHFJSJHIDAY

T YJLDHASDMY

bull J` Luhnm Dhvdsdc`j

bull Sjbrjsm a `a vdna jspdrdtua`

bull J` laacutes a``aacute nj` sudidna

bull a lotildesdia jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

jqud`dcrdm para j` a`la

bull Jspigraverdtus y su gdstmrda jh `a gulahd-

nan

bull ^jrapda nj` almr

bull Imluhdiaidugraveh imh `ms jspigraverdtus5

ldtms y vjrnanjs

bull Njsvj`ahnm `m dhvdsdc`j (prujcas idjhtigrave-

fiias fi`msugravefiias j gdstugraverdias)

I d ` n d d dc`

a partdidpaidugraveh a jstj jvjhtm jstaacute acdjrta a tmnas aquj``as pjrsmhas dhtjrjsanas

IMHFJSJHIDAH^JY

Ndva`nm [ Frahim - A`frjnm A`mhsm nj `a Fujhtj - A`frjnm

^acujntildea - Vditmr Suahm - Iar`ms Ialpjttd - Euah Ldbuj`

Fjrhaacutehnjz - Eahaigraveha Ldhj``d - Iarljh Iarnmha - Ldbuj`

Vjra - M`ba Mrtdz

6 2 y 7 Ndidjlcrj 31gt

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3436

9gt Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ bull frac12^djhjh A`la `ms ahdla`js= bull dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta

Abjhna Irdstdaha - JNDIJD gt ₠

A`cmrana Irdstdaha (Ljndahm) gt ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

A``ah Oarnji5 J` Jnuianmr y J` ImndfiianmrDD - JNDIJD

6 ₠

Aacuternua Asijhsdugraveh 13 ₠

Atjhidugraveh (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ialdhm Vjrnan y Vdna - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Iartd``a nj` Cdjh - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Iuahnm Sjbrjsj `a [rdlavjra (Hmrla`) 2 ₠

Iujhtms Jspdrdtdstas 4 ₠

Njsnj a Mtra Vdna gt ₠

Njspdjrtj y Yja Fj`dz - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` A`la js Dhlmrta` 7 ₠

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta 4 ₠

J` Idj`m y j` Dhfijrhm - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Jspigraverdtu nj `a Vjrnan - JNDIJD 7 ₠

J` Jvahbj`dm Yjbotildeh j` Jspdrdtdslm -JNDIJD

1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` dcrm nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 1 ₠

J` Yjr Yucimhsidjhtj 6 ₠

Jh `m Dhvdsdc`j 7 ₠

Jh `ms Nmldhdms nj `a Ljndulhdnan -JNDIJD

4 ₠

Jhtrj `a djrra y j` Idj`m - JNDIJD 4 ₠Jspdrdtdslm Lmnjrhm OA DJ ODHB - FJJ ₠

Jspdrdtdslm y Jim`mbigravea - JNDIJD 7 ₠

B`msardm Jspigraverdta (Cm`sd``m) 6 ₠

Buigravea [raacuteitdia nj` Jspdrdtdsta - FJJ ₠

Gdphmtdslm y Jspdrdtdslm 7 ₠

Ejsotildes jh j` Gmbar - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Eustdida Ndvdha - JNDIJD 7 ₠

a Baumlhjsds - JNDIJD 1 ₠

a Vdna jh Fald`da gt ₠

dcjraidugraveh - JNDIJD 4 ₠

as Vdnas Yuijsdvas 4 ₠

ms Ljhsaejrms - JNDIJD 7 ₠

ms Lujrtms Ydbujh Vdvdjhnm 6 ₠

Lahms Zhdnas (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljndtaidmhjs (Cm`sd``m) gt ₠

Ljlmrdas nj` [anrj Bjrlaacuteh 2 ₠

Ljhsaej nj uh Anm`jsijhtj njsnj j`Luhnm Jspdrdtua` - JNDIJD ₠

Ldsdmhjrms nj `a uz - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Lujrtj js Vdna 6 ₠

Hujstrm Gmbar - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Mcrjrms nj `a Vdna Jtjrha - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[ah Hujstrm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

[jhsaldjhtm y Vdna - JNDIJD 6 ₠

Sj`dbdugraveh nj `ms Jspigraverdtus - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 177 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Sjvdsta Jspigraverdta Antildem 174 - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Yjntildea` Vjrnj gt ₠

Yjxm y Njstdhm - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Ydjlcra nj `ms Laumlnduls - JNDIJD 4 ₠

Yuc`dlj Jxpdaidugraveh - JNDIJD 7 ₠

Vdna Fj`dz - JNDIJD 2 ₠

Lm`njahnm j` ^jrijr Ld`jhdm - Vdna yMcra nj Ndva`nm [ Frahim

1 ₠

Vdna y Yjxm - JNDIJD 6 ₠

T `a Vdna Imhtdhotildeahellip JNDIJD 7 ₠

dcrjrigravea Jspigraverdta nj `a FJJ

Ugraverbahm jndtmrda` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a sdh aacutehdlm nj `uirm quj rjdhvdjrtj jh j` prmpdm

`dcrm jspigraverdta Yj gaijh jhvigravems imhtra rjjlcm`sm Gaba su pjndnm prjfjrdc`jljhtj pmr imrrjm j`jitrugravehdim adhfmKjspdrdtdslmii m pmr tj`aumlfmhm5 636 911 771

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

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Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Vdna ahtjs nj `a Vdna

Jhtrjvdsta a Iar`msSmcjrtm Ialpjttd

Jhfjrljnanjs nj` a`la[aacutebdha 1gt

Jvdnjhidas Idjhtigravefiias a favmr nj`a Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna [aacutebdha 3

[`ahjaldjhtm rjjhiarhatmrdm[aacutebdha 13

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐ms Gdems nj` Ayjrldquo

[aacutebdha 37

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 3bull Jndidugraveh Mitucrj 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

1 antildems nj J` `dcrm nj `ms laumlnduls

Jhtrjvdsta a` LaumlndulNdva`nm Frahim

Ljndulhdnan nj jfjitms figravesdims[aacutebdha 1gt

^rahsimluhdiaidugraveh dhstruljhta`[aacutebdha 3

Fmrlaidugraveh nj` Laumlndul[aacutebdha 13

Jspdrdtdslm jh a dtjratura

[aacutebdha 37

frac12Ejsotildes jra laumlndul=[aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 1bull Jndidugraveh Eu`dm 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Jspdrdtdslm imlm fi`msmfigravea nj vdna

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm57bull Jndidugravehacrd`31gtbull [rjidm59

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm52bull JndidugravehMitucrj 319bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

ms Ijhtrms jspdrdtdstas njcjh sjr`a iaacutetjnra nj` Jspigraverdtu nj Vjrnan

QZAuml JY J JY[DSD^DYLM=

DH^SMNZIIDUgraveHA IMHMIDLDJH^M NJ LZHNM DHVDYDCJ

[MS AY LAHDFJY^AIDMHJY NJ MY JY[IgraveSD^ZY

Imhtdjhj j` rjsuljh nj ms prdhidpdms nj a nmitrdha jspdrdtdsta y as rjs-pujstas a as prdhidpa`js mcejidmhjs

pmr

A``ah - Oarnjiautmr nj` dcrm nj ms jspigraverdtus y nj` dcrm nj ms Ljnduls

JNDIDUgraveH JIMHUgraveLDIA

[rjidm 3 rja`js

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh Jspantildea

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm56bull JndidugravehEu`dm319bull[rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5bull JndidugravehLarzm319bull [rjidm59₠

nj a FJJ

Jspdrdtdslm jh j` luhnm[aacutebdha 37

[rjiursmrjs nj` Jspdrdtdslm[aacutebdha 6

Artgur Imhah Nmy`j[aacutebdha 32

Idjhtigravefiims jspigraverdtas nj`sdb`m WDW [aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a rjvj`aidugraveh jspigraverdtay A``ah Oarnji [aacutebdha 17

a SjvujYpdrdtj [aacutebdha 3

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

a Vdna jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

[sdim`mbigravea jh j` laacutes a``aacute[aacutebdha 1gt

Aacutehbj`js BuarndahjsJspigraverdtus [rm-tjitmrjsFald`darjs y Ydlpaacutetdims

[aacutebdha 32[jrdjspigraverdtu

[aacutebdha 33

ms Yujntildems Jspdrdtua`js[aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐HMYYM ASldquo

Jhtrjvdsta aYahtdaba Hmbujrm [aacutebdha 1

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5gtbull JndidugravehYjptdjlcrj 313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

^rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

a vdna jtjrha[aacutebdha 1

^rahsdidugraveh p`ahjtarda[aacutebdha 37

[`ura`dnan nj luhnms gacdtanms[aacutebdha 39

Jvm`uidugraveh gdstugraverdia nj` pjhsaldjh-tm jspdrdtua` [aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Jhtrjvdsta

Cdmbrafigravea

a Larigravea nj `aBraida nj Jh-

njr [aacutebdha 12

aumlmh Njhds[aacutebdha 7

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm59bull JndidugravehLarzm313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

[jtdidugraveh nj hotildeljrms ahtjrdmrjs5

H 1 rsquo 1 Antildems nj` ‐dcrm nj`ms Laumlndulsldquo

H 3 rsquo Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna

H 9 rsquo rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

H gt rsquo a Vdna jh j` luhnmjspdrdtua`

H rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

H 6 rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslmjh Jspantildea

H 2 rsquo J` Ijhtrm Jspdrdta

H 7 rsquo J` Jspdrdtdslm imlmfi`msmfigravea nj vdna

pjndnmsrjvdstafjjKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3636

DHFMSLAIDUgraveH T SJYJSVAY5

YJISJ^ASIgraveA AumlIHDIAMSBAHDUA

IMHFJSJHIDAY

T YJLDHASDMY

bull J` Luhnm Dhvdsdc`j

bull Sjbrjsm a `a vdna jspdrdtua`

bull J` laacutes a``aacute nj` sudidna

bull a lotildesdia jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

jqud`dcrdm para j` a`la

bull Jspigraverdtus y su gdstmrda jh `a gulahd-

nan

bull ^jrapda nj` almr

bull Imluhdiaidugraveh imh `ms jspigraverdtus5

ldtms y vjrnanjs

bull Njsvj`ahnm `m dhvdsdc`j (prujcas idjhtigrave-

fiias fi`msugravefiias j gdstugraverdias)

I d ` n d d dc`

a partdidpaidugraveh a jstj jvjhtm jstaacute acdjrta a tmnas aquj``as pjrsmhas dhtjrjsanas

IMHFJSJHIDAH^JY

Ndva`nm [ Frahim - A`frjnm A`mhsm nj `a Fujhtj - A`frjnm

^acujntildea - Vditmr Suahm - Iar`ms Ialpjttd - Euah Ldbuj`

Fjrhaacutehnjz - Eahaigraveha Ldhj``d - Iarljh Iarnmha - Ldbuj`

Vjra - M`ba Mrtdz

6 2 y 7 Ndidjlcrj 31gt

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3536

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Vdna ahtjs nj `a Vdna

Jhtrjvdsta a Iar`msSmcjrtm Ialpjttd

Jhfjrljnanjs nj` a`la[aacutebdha 1gt

Jvdnjhidas Idjhtigravefiias a favmr nj`a Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna [aacutebdha 3

[`ahjaldjhtm rjjhiarhatmrdm[aacutebdha 13

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐ms Gdems nj` Ayjrldquo

[aacutebdha 37

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 3bull Jndidugraveh Mitucrj 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

1 antildems nj J` `dcrm nj `ms laumlnduls

Jhtrjvdsta a` LaumlndulNdva`nm Frahim

Ljndulhdnan nj jfjitms figravesdims[aacutebdha 1gt

^rahsimluhdiaidugraveh dhstruljhta`[aacutebdha 3

Fmrlaidugraveh nj` Laumlndul[aacutebdha 13

Jspdrdtdslm jh a dtjratura

[aacutebdha 37

frac12Ejsotildes jra laumlndul=[aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5 1bull Jndidugraveh Eu`dm 311bull [rjidm5 9

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Jspdrdtdslm imlm fi`msmfigravea nj vdna

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm57bull Jndidugravehacrd`31gtbull [rjidm59

nj a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

J` Ijhtrm Jspigraverdta

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm52bull JndidugravehMitucrj 319bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

ms Ijhtrms jspdrdtdstas njcjh sjr`a iaacutetjnra nj` Jspigraverdtu nj Vjrnan

QZAuml JY J JY[DSD^DYLM=

DH^SMNZIIDUgraveHA IMHMIDLDJH^M NJ LZHNM DHVDYDCJ

[MS AY LAHDFJY^AIDMHJY NJ MY JY[IgraveSD^ZY

Imhtdjhj j` rjsuljh nj ms prdhidpdms nj a nmitrdha jspdrdtdsta y as rjs-pujstas a as prdhidpa`js mcejidmhjs

pmr

A``ah - Oarnjiautmr nj` dcrm nj ms jspigraverdtus y nj` dcrm nj ms Ljnduls

JNDIDUgraveH JIMHUgraveLDIA

[rjidm 3 rja`js

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm jh Jspantildea

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm56bull JndidugravehEu`dm319bull[rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5bull JndidugravehLarzm319bull [rjidm59₠

nj a FJJ

Jspdrdtdslm jh j` luhnm[aacutebdha 37

[rjiursmrjs nj` Jspdrdtdslm[aacutebdha 6

Artgur Imhah Nmy`j[aacutebdha 32

Idjhtigravefiims jspigraverdtas nj`sdb`m WDW [aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a rjvj`aidugraveh jspigraverdtay A``ah Oarnji [aacutebdha 17

a SjvujYpdrdtj [aacutebdha 3

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

a Vdna jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

[sdim`mbigravea jh j` laacutes a``aacute[aacutebdha 1gt

Aacutehbj`js BuarndahjsJspigraverdtus [rm-tjitmrjsFald`darjs y Ydlpaacutetdims

[aacutebdha 32[jrdjspigraverdtu

[aacutebdha 33

ms Yujntildems Jspdrdtua`js[aacutebdha 3

Anjlaacutes

a Jspdrdtua`dnan jh j` Idhj5‐HMYYM ASldquo

Jhtrjvdsta aYahtdaba Hmbujrm [aacutebdha 1

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm5gtbull JndidugravehYjptdjlcrj 313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

Jspjida`dzana jh `a Ndvu`baidugraveh nj `a Iu`tura Jspigraverdta y Ugraverbahm Mfiida` nj `a Fjnjraidugraveh Jspigraverdta Jspantildem`a

^rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

a vdna jtjrha[aacutebdha 1

^rahsdidugraveh p`ahjtarda[aacutebdha 37

[`ura`dnan nj luhnms gacdtanms[aacutebdha 39

Jvm`uidugraveh gdstugraverdia nj` pjhsaldjh-tm jspdrdtua` [aacutebdha 3gt

Anjlaacutes

Jhtrjvdsta

Cdmbrafigravea

a Larigravea nj `aBraida nj Jh-

njr [aacutebdha 12

aumlmh Njhds[aacutebdha 7

Sjvdsta JspigraverdtaHotildeljrm59bull JndidugravehLarzm313bull [rjidm59

nj `a FJJ

[jtdidugraveh nj hotildeljrms ahtjrdmrjs5

H 1 rsquo 1 Antildems nj` ‐dcrm nj`ms Laumlndulsldquo

H 3 rsquo Vdna ahtjs nj a Vdna

H 9 rsquo rahsdidugraveh [`ahjtarda

H gt rsquo a Vdna jh j` luhnmjspdrdtua`

H rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslm

H 6 rsquo Gdstmrda nj` Jspdrdtdslmjh Jspantildea

H 2 rsquo J` Ijhtrm Jspdrdta

H 7 rsquo J` Jspdrdtdslm imlmfi`msmfigravea nj vdna

pjndnmsrjvdstafjjKblad`iml

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3636

DHFMSLAIDUgraveH T SJYJSVAY5

YJISJ^ASIgraveA AumlIHDIAMSBAHDUA

IMHFJSJHIDAY

T YJLDHASDMY

bull J` Luhnm Dhvdsdc`j

bull Sjbrjsm a `a vdna jspdrdtua`

bull J` laacutes a``aacute nj` sudidna

bull a lotildesdia jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

jqud`dcrdm para j` a`la

bull Jspigraverdtus y su gdstmrda jh `a gulahd-

nan

bull ^jrapda nj` almr

bull Imluhdiaidugraveh imh `ms jspigraverdtus5

ldtms y vjrnanjs

bull Njsvj`ahnm `m dhvdsdc`j (prujcas idjhtigrave-

fiias fi`msugravefiias j gdstugraverdias)

I d ` n d d dc`

a partdidpaidugraveh a jstj jvjhtm jstaacute acdjrta a tmnas aquj``as pjrsmhas dhtjrjsanas

IMHFJSJHIDAH^JY

Ndva`nm [ Frahim - A`frjnm A`mhsm nj `a Fujhtj - A`frjnm

^acujntildea - Vditmr Suahm - Iar`ms Ialpjttd - Euah Ldbuj`

Fjrhaacutehnjz - Eahaigraveha Ldhj``d - Iarljh Iarnmha - Ldbuj`

Vjra - M`ba Mrtdz

6 2 y 7 Ndidjlcrj 31gt

7212019 Revista de La FEE - Numero 09 - Agosto 2014

httpslidepdfcomreaderfullrevista-de-la-fee-numero-09-agosto-2014 3636

DHFMSLAIDUgraveH T SJYJSVAY5

YJISJ^ASIgraveA AumlIHDIAMSBAHDUA

IMHFJSJHIDAY

T YJLDHASDMY

bull J` Luhnm Dhvdsdc`j

bull Sjbrjsm a `a vdna jspdrdtua`

bull J` laacutes a``aacute nj` sudidna

bull a lotildesdia jh j` luhnm jspdrdtua`

jqud`dcrdm para j` a`la

bull Jspigraverdtus y su gdstmrda jh `a gulahd-

nan

bull ^jrapda nj` almr

bull Imluhdiaidugraveh imh `ms jspigraverdtus5

ldtms y vjrnanjs

bull Njsvj`ahnm `m dhvdsdc`j (prujcas idjhtigrave-

fiias fi`msugravefiias j gdstugraverdias)

I d ` n d d dc`

a partdidpaidugraveh a jstj jvjhtm jstaacute acdjrta a tmnas aquj``as pjrsmhas dhtjrjsanas

IMHFJSJHIDAH^JY

Ndva`nm [ Frahim - A`frjnm A`mhsm nj `a Fujhtj - A`frjnm

^acujntildea - Vditmr Suahm - Iar`ms Ialpjttd - Euah Ldbuj`

Fjrhaacutehnjz - Eahaigraveha Ldhj``d - Iarljh Iarnmha - Ldbuj`

Vjra - M`ba Mrtdz

6 2 y 7 Ndidjlcrj 31gt