Retales Masonería 35 - Marzo 2014

8/12/2019 Retales Masonería 35 - Marzo 2014

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^DQM@DY AD LMYBFD^ÌMMÝB 1 - FÛLD^B 94 - Lmrzb ad >3=1

D` ibftdfeab ad `bs mrtìiu`bs fb rddkm fdidsmremldftd d` puftb ad vestm ad` dque-pb ad ‐^dtm`ds ad Lmsbfdrìm“ sefb ûfeim y dxiùsevmldftd d` ad `bs mutbrds ad

aeigbs mrtìiu`bs.

Yd aestrenuyd dxiùsevmldftd df jbrlmtb d`ditrùfeib. Ye adsdm rdiener df su dlme`fbteimiebfds ad fudvbs fûldrbs b efjbrlmieùf

sbnrd `m rdvestm, pudad amrsd ad m`tm df fudstrm èstm ad LmeÌgelp(gttp;//ddpur`.ibl/HrtQz ) b sbèietífab`b m` dlme` ad` ibbraefmabr

d-lme` ad` Ibbraefmabr; rdtm`dsadlmsbfdremChlme`.ibl

Lmreb @ùpdz L.¸.L.¸. - ^dfmieledftb f» 41 (Ibbraefmieùf)

Hmfh`dre (Yeln.) L.¸.L.¸. - ^dfmieledftb f» 41 (Lmqudtmieùf)

Lmfud` Ybutb L.¸.L.¸. - ^dfmieledftb f» 41

Ib`mnbrmabr [bfm Yur ad Dspmým; Endmfye Lbrm L.¸.L.¸. - Lbreí f» =19

Ib`mnbrmabr; Mrlmfab Humsig L.¸.L.¸. - Hrmf @bhem ad Iunm

Ib`mnbrmabr; Mqueèfb ^. @dm` ¸. ’ (@bhem Ytmfes`ms ad Humetm =:4) L.¸.L.¸. - ^K - Nrmse`

Ib`mnbrmabr; K. L. Nmrrdab Lmfazeuo L.¸.L.¸. ’ @bhem Yb` ad Mrmhum f» 5: - Zdfdzud`m.

D` ibftdfeab sd dfiudftrm nmkb èidfiem Irdmtevd Ibllbfs II NU-FI-FA 9.3gttp;//irdmtevdibllbfs.brh/èidfsds/ny-fi-fa/9.3/adda.ds

Ytmjj aerditevb



]].•.GG.•. tbabs, m imam ufb df su hrmab y ibfaeieùf.

Gdlbs prdpmrmab btrb fûldrb ad vudstrm rdvestm y sdhurb qud m`hufb ad ̀ bs mrtìiu`bs bs sdríf adeftdrås, gmy abfad d`dher, adsad d` selnbèslb gmstm `m aesiuseùf ad` `meieslb qud `m lmsbfdrìm addfadpmsmfab pbr `m zbfm gestùreim, lmtdlíteim b `ms ym jmlbsms pb`åleims qud fbs trmd imam lds fudstrb

ib`mnbrmabr d` Zdfdrmn`d Gdrlmfb Mqueèfb.

Sdrb iblb gmy qud sdr m`hb lm`b, pbr dsb ad` Uefh y d` Umfh, mprbvdigmrå pmrm qudkmrld ufpbib y termrbs ad `ms brdkms ibf imreýb. Adsad `m ibbraefmieùf ad `m rdvestm dstmrìmlbs luy ibftdftbs sefbs dfvemsdes lís ib`mnbrmiebfds, fb ds fdidsmreb trmnmkbs, pbaåes dfvemrfbs ibldftmrebs m `bs tdlmspunèimabs, rdspudstms m `ms prdhuftms ad lmsbfdrìm. Ium`quedr ibsm ds nudfm aesiu`pm pmrm dfvemrfbsufms `ìfdms. Zdfhm, mfelmrbs, qud ds hrmtes y tbabs hmfmrdlbs, se smndlbs `b qud bs hustm lís y `b qudbs hustm ldfbs pbadlbs er mamptmfab `m rdvestm m` hustb ad tbabs.

Dspdrmlbs vudstrbs dlme`s ²vm`d2

Tf Q.•.M.•.J.•. y fbs `ddlbs d` lds qud vedfd.

1

==

=>

9:

@bs sìlnb`bs lmsùfeibs; usb y mnusb.

Fbteiems H@D - H@SI

Lmtdlíteim df `m lmsbfdrìm

Srdhuftms ad Lmsbfdrìm

Jbtbs y abiuldftbs mftehubs

Daetbrem`

>= 18

1:

17 Smsmtedlpbs>4 ²Iuí` ds d` `meieslb qud`m Lmsbfdrìm p`mftdm2

93Lmsbfdrìm df d` Fudvb Lufab;

Zdfdzud`m

91 @m lmrigm lmsùfeim

43

@bs vemkds ad efeiemieùf -

veseùf trmsidfadftdm`

²Aùfad rdsead ̀ m ̀ endrtma2

Mhrmadieledftbs

95 Sunèieama hrmtuetm

1> Aeiiebfmreb Lmsùfeib

11 Sb`åleims pmrm ènrdpdfsmabrds

ìfaeid



1 ^dtm`ds ad Lmsbfdrìm

LMFTYIÊQB IBBOD - Jdigmab dftrd d` =1=3 y d` =1>3@bs sìlnb`bs lmsùfeibs; usb y mnusb

@bs sìlnb`bs lmsùfeibs; usb y mnusb

Qblmab ad` n`bh ‐@m elprdftm ad Ndfkmlìf“ ibf pdrlesb ad su malefestrmabr

gttp;//lmsbfdrem`melprdftmadndfkmlef.n`bhspbt.ibl.ds/>3=9/35/`bs-selnb`bs-lmsbfeibs-usb-y-mnusb.gtl`.............................................................

Dxtrmitmab ad; Lmsbfei Yylnb`s? Qgder usd mfa MnusdSbr Xm``mid Li`dba. =559

gttp;//wdn.let.dau/aryjbb/Lmsbfry/Dssmys/sylnb`s-mfa-usd.gtl`

Yd gm aeigb qud `m jrmfilmsbfdrìm ds ‐uf pdiuèmr sestdlm ad lbrmèama, vd`mab ibf m`d-hbrìms d eùstrmab ibf sìlnb`bs“. Iedrtmldftd, ̀ ms m`dhbrìms y ̀ bs sìlnb`bs kudhmf uf elpbrtmftd pm-pd` df d``m, pdrb fb `m rdstrefhdf. Ye sd tedfd ufm fbieùf i`mrm ad iùlb jufiebfmf ds pbsen`d tdfdrufm iblprdfseùf lís prbjufam ad `m lmsbfdrìm y su sehfeimab.

Ydhûf d` aeiiebfmreb, uf sìlnb`b ds; ‐m`hb qud adfbtm b rdprdsdftm ufm ibsm, (fb pbr pmrd-ieab dxmitb sefb b nedf pbr vmhm suhdrdfiem b pbr m`hufm rd`mieùf ibfvdfiebfm` b miieadftm`)“.M`hufbs sìlnb`bs dstíf prdsdftds ibf tmftm jrdiudfiem df `m veam aemrem qud gdlbs adkmab adpdfsmr df d``bs iblb tm`ds.

@bs lís jmleèmrds sbf, pbr dkdlp`b, ̀ ms `dtrms ad` m`jmndtb. Fb dxestd fefhufm rmzùf pmrm qudm`hufm `ìfdm iurvmam ad iedrtm jbrlm quedrm rdprdsdftmf uf se`neab b qud m`hb pmrdieab m ufmpmrdkm ad mndkms ufm m` `mab ad `m btrm quedrmf efaeimr uf zulneab? pdrb tbabs `bs midptmlbs sefpdfsmr,

Gmy sìlnb`bs iblufds qud efiùydf ̀ bs fuldrm`ds (=, >, 9), sehfbs lmtdlíteibs y lbfdtmrebs(lms, rmìz iumarmam, aù`mr) y fbtmiebfds luseim`ds (i`mvd ad sb`, sdleibrigdm, fbtm). Ydldkmftdssìlnb`bs sbf efaespdfsmn`ds pmrm imse ium`quedr i`msd ad iblufeimieùf.

Btrb tepb ad sìlnb`bs sd dfiudftrmf df `ms mrtds, hríims y vdrnm`ds, pbr dkdlp`b. ̂ dprdsdf-tmf m`hb mnstrmitb qud pbadlbs pdriener ibf fudstrbs sdfteabs, sbnrd tbab pbr `m vestm. Msì d` n`mf-ib ds pmrm `m purdzm, `m pm`blm y `m rmlm ad bèvb pmrm `m pmz, `m im`mvdrm y `bs gudsbs iruzmabspmrm vdfdfb y d` íhue`m pmrm `bs Dstmabs Tfeabs.

Df ètdrmturm d` sìlnb`b mpmrdid jrdiudftdldftd df iblnefmieùf ibf m`hufm ad `ms lís

trmaeiebfm`ds mfm`bhìms b ldtíjbrms.

^bndrt Nurfs _=\ fbs aeid qud su mlmam ds gdrlbsm pmrm vdr y pmrm bìr y `m iblpmrm ibfufm rbsm rbkm, b ufm ld`baìm);

B, ly ùvd es èod m rda, rda rbsd,Qgmt―s fdw`y sprufh ef Kufd.B, ly ùvd es èod tgd ld`baed ,Qgmt―s swddt`y p`my―a ef tufd.

Ygmodspdmrd _>\ mrlm qud `bs prbn`dlms ad `m veam sbf iblb prbydite`ds mrrbkmabs pbr

uf dfdlehb m` mtmqud y qud `ms aeiu`tmads pmsmf sbnrd fbsbtrbs iblb `ms b`ms ad` lmr. Dsm ds `melmhdf qud dstí pbr adtrís ad dstms pm`mnrms jmleèmrds; (`ms digms ad ̀ m jbrtufm mavdrsm y uf lmrad prbn`dlms);



4^dtm`ds ad Lmsbfdrìm

LMFTYIÊQB IBBOD@bs sìlnb`bs lmsùfeibs; usb y mnusb

Qb nd br fbt tb nd tgmt es tgd qudstebf?Xgdtgdr ‗tes fbn`dr ef tgd lefa tb sujjdr Qgd sèfhs mfa mrrbws bj butrmhdbus jbrtufd,Br tb tmod mrls mhmefst m sdm bj trbun`ds, Mfa ny bppbsefh dfa tgdl2

Tfm msbiemieùf selnùèim pudad er lís `dkbs qud su selp`d sehfeimabpeitùreib, qud pudad qud sd dlp`dd pmrm jmieètmr `m iblprdfseùf pdrb qudb sdm pmrtd ad` leslb.

²]ueåf pudad tdldr m `m ludrtd, se sd `m selnbèzm iblb uf ‐gmidrsdm `m lmr“, sdhûf `ms ibfbieabs vdrsbs ad Qdffysbf _9\2 (bimsb y dstrd``m ad`m tmrad, uf ``mlmab y fmam ad `mldftbs iumfab sd gmid m `m lmr)

Yufsdt mfa dvdfefh stmr, Mfa bfd i`dmr im`` jbr ld!

Mfa lmy tgdrd nd fb lbmfefh bj tgd nmr Xgdf E put but tb sdm.

Smrm d` jrmfilmsùf, tbab imríitdr, hurm y dln`dlm tedfd ufm tdf-adfiem lbrm` y servd pmrm efiuìmr `m príiteim ad `m vertua df tbabs sus prb-jdsmftds mutåfteibs.

@bs dsim`bfds prefiepm`ds ad `m dsim`m ad Kmibn sbf, jd, dspdrmfzm yimreama. Qezm, imrnùf y mrie``m rdprdsdftmf `m èndrtma, d` jdrvbr y d` id`b. @mdsiumarm ds `m lbrmèama, d` fevd` `m ehumàma y `m p`blmam `m rditetua adveam y ibfauitm. @bs trds pe`mrds sbf smneaurìm, judrzm y nd``dzm. Tf imlpb

sdlnrmab ad dspehms idrim ad ufm ibrredftd ad mhum ds `m p`dfetua. @msiumtrb nbr`ms sbf `m tdlpdrmfiem, jbrtm`dzm, pruadfiem y kusteiem. @bs iefibpmsbs sbf `bs iefib fbn`ds ùradfds ad mrquetditurm y tmlneåf `bs iefib sdf-teabs. @bs sedtd pmsbs rdprdsdftmf `ms sedtd iedfiems y mrtds èndrm`ds.

Qbabs dsbs sìlnb`bs sbf dxp`ìietmldftd adfeabs df d` retum` y yb su-pbfhb qud dstmlbs bnèhmabs m midptmr tm`ds adfeiebfds sef tdfdr `m è-ndrtma pmrm dstmr df adsmiudrab, pbrqud fb sedlprd sd `ms dxpèimf. Sdrbse ufb tedfd uf iedrtb abf pmrm dfibftrmr m`hûf btrb sehfeimab, puds irdbqud fb gmy lm` m`hufb df aesjrutmr gmieåfab`b, y gmstm pudad myuamr df d`prbpeb adsmrrb``b pdrsbfm`.

Sdrb, ²gmstm aùfad pbadlbs er ibf dsb2

Gd mquì ufbs pbibs dkdlp`bs ad iùlb dsbs leslbs sìlnb`bs judrbf`dìabs pbr btrms pdrsbfms;

Sbr dkdlp`b df uf ènrb dsiretb pbr Jbstdr Nme`dy _1\ tetu`mab ‐Qgd Yperetbj Lmsbfry“ fbs aeid qud `bs trds hrmabs fbs prdaeidf d` juturb; gmnedfabmtrmvdsmab d` ad Mprdfaez Efhrdsmab b ad ̀ m dama jìseim y d` ad Iblpmýdrbad Bieb b ad `m dama eftd`ditum`, dstmrdlbs df d` ulnrm` ad` Lmdstrb Lm-sùf b dama dsperetum` y mûf mhrdhm ufm rdvd`mieùf lís qud fbs advb`vdrí ̀ mvdramadrm pm`mnrm pdraeam. U mûf btrm dfsdýífabfbs qud `bs abs hrmfadspe`mrds rdprdsdftmf m ̀ m ibfstd`mieùf ad Hålefes y qud d` Bieb ibldfzù df`m drm ad Hålefes, lís ad :433 mtrís!!

_=\ Fbtm;^bndrt Nurfs (M``bwmy, Myr -sgerd, Dsibiem, >4 ad dfdrb

ad =845 - D`ès`mfa, idrimad Auljreds, >= ad kuèb ad=85:) ds d` pbdtm df `dfhumdsibidsm lís ibfbieab.Yu pbdlm Muà @mfh Yyfdsd imftm trmaeiebfm`ldftddf ̀ bs pmìsds mfh`bpmr`mftdsiblb gelfb ad adspdae-am. Zdm d` pbdlm iblp`d-tb mquì gttp;//ds.weoepdaem.brh/weoe/MuàR@mfhRYyfd

_>\ Fbtm;Xe`èml Ygmodspdmrd (>: admnre` ad =4:1 ’ 9 ad lmyb ad=:=:) jud uf armlmturhb,pbdtm y mitbr efh`ås. Ibfb-ieab df bimsebfds iblb d`Nmrab ad Mvbf (b selp`d-ldftd D` Nmrab), Ygmods-pdmrd ds ibfseadrmab d`dsiretbr lís elpbrtmftd df`dfhum efh`dsm y ufb ad `bslís iå`dnrds ad ̀ m ̀ etdrmturmufevdrsm`.

_9\ Fbtm;M`jrda Qdffysbf, =» nmrùfQdffysbf, J^Y (: ad mhbstbad =735 ’ : ad bitunrd ad=75>), jud ufb ad `bs pbdtmsefh`dsds lís eùstrds ad `m è-tdrmturm ufevdrsm`, pdrtdfd-iedftd m` pbstrblmfteieslb.

_1\ Fbtm;Jbstdr Nme`dy, 9>³. Srblu`hùufm vìm ad rdmèzmieùf qudtedfd iblb nmsd d` dstuaeb,`m ldaetmieùf y d` sdrveiebiblb låtbab pmrm ̀ m trmfs-jbrlmieùf eftdrebr, y adsadmgì, `m ad` lufab qud fbsrbadm. Yu trmnmkb dstuvb df-imlefmab m gmidr ad dstmtedrrm ufm råpèim ad `m Kdru-

sm`åf Id`dstd.



: ^dtm`ds ad Lmsbfdrìm

xxxx@bs sìlnb`bs lmsùfeibs; usb y mnusb

_4\ Fbtm;Fb ibfjufaer ibf Kbgf Yd-nmstemf Lmr`bw Xmra, iu-

yms bnrms sud`df mpmrdidfiblb KYL XMÂ.

_:\ Fbtm;Lmsùf efh`ås mutbr ad vmremsbnrms ad rdjdrdfiem sbnrd ̀ mbradf lmsùfeim.

Gmy btrb ènrb, ad Mrtgur Xmra _4\ tetu`mab ‐ Lmsbfei Yylnbèsl mfatgd Lestei Xmy“ (Yelnbèslb lmsùfeib y `m vìm lìsteim)

Mprdfadlbs midrim ad `ms gdrrmledftms ad trmnmkb ad` Mprdfaez Ef-

hrdsmab; D` iefid` sdrìm d` eftd`ditb, d` lmrte``b pmrm `m vbùftma y `m rdh`m ad>1 pu`hmams pmrm d` sdfteledftb vetm`.

Sdrb dsb fb ds `b qud aeid d` retum`

Df å` sd dxpèim qud ds prdieseùf, pdrsdvdrmfiem y `mnbr.

Smrm d` sdhufab hrmab Xmra fb aeid qud ̀ ms gdrrmledftms ad trmnmkb‐tedfdf dsdfiem`ldftd `bs leslbs pbadrds pdrb df `m jbrlm eftdfsm y dspere-tum` qud pbsdd d` d`dvmab Ydr eftdrebr? y qud sbf ibfsdhueabs y iblpmrteabspbr d` gblnrd efaeveaum` df `m príiteim ad `m ldaetmieùf“.

U `m p`blmam pmsm m sdr `m veseùf dsperetum`, `m dsiumarm `m eftueieùfdsperetum` y d` fevd` `m efspermieùf dsperetum`.

Tfm vdz lís, dsb fb ds `b qud aeid d` retum`.

Fb gmid luigbs mýbs, Oero LmiFu`ty _:\ dsirenìm ‐Jrddlmsbfry, m kburfdy tgrbuhgt retum` mfa sylnb`“ (Jrmfilmsbfdrìm, uf imlefb m trmvås adretum`ds y sìlnb`bs).

U adiìm m``ì qud `bs trds hrmabs rdimpetu`mnmf d` adsmrrb``b ad` efaeve-aub iblb pdrsbfm y jbldftmnm uf lmybr adsmrrb``b. D` hrmab ad Mprdfaez(b p`mftm nmkm ad` Qdlp`b) rdprdsdftmrìm d` sdr lmtdrem` b jìseib, `m ‐ibfiedf-iem efaeveaum` ad Kufh“.

D` hrmab ad Iblpmýdrb (Iílmrm ad` Ldaeb) sdrìm d` m`lm b pseques,d` ‐efibfsiedftd pdrsbfm` ad Kufh“. D` hrmab ad Lmdstrb Lmsùf (b Ymftb ad`bs Ymftbs) ds d` sdr dsperetum` b efibfsiedftd ib`ditevb ad Kufh, uf pmsb lísidrim ad `b aevefb!

U pbr supudstb qud `bs fb lmsbfds tmlneåf quedrdf mrrbkmr ùz sbnrdfudstrb selnbèslb.

Tf jmsiefmftd dstuaeb ad Omtgmrefd Qgblsbf, tetu`mab ‐Qgd LmsbfeiQgrdma ef Lbzmrt“ fbs aeid qud ‐d` fûldrb trds tedfd uf sehfeimab dspdiem`df jrmfilmsbfdrìm. Luigbs ad ̀bs sbfeabs dstíf df ufm mrlbfìm df trds pmr-tds... Luigbs sbfeabs sudfmf trds vdids? `ms hrmfads trìmams sbf ad `m lmybrelpbrtmfiem... Df `m lûseim ad Lbzmrt m`hufms fbtms dstíf dspdiìimldftdmsbiemams m `m jrmfilmsbfdrìm.“

Gmy btrbs dspdiemèstms df Lbzmrt qud mrhuldftmf qud `m J`mutm Lí-heim i`mrmldftd ds ufm ùpdrm lmsùfeim. D``bs gmf dfibftrmab ̀ bs trds mibr -ads rdpdteabs trds vdids, trds msestdftds ad `m ^defm ad `m Fbigd, `bs trdsfeýbs, `ms trds pudrtms, `bs trds ``mlmabs y msì sehuedfab.

Madlís ad dsms judftds punèimams qud sbf jmleèmrds, ufb sd df-iudftrm m vdids ibf mftehubs y rdspdtmabs lmsbfds qud tedfdf su prbpem





eftdrprdtmieùf ad m`hufb ad `bs sìlnb`bs, qud gmf d`mnbrmab ad su prbpebibfbieledftb y dxpdredfiem. Lís ad uf lmaurb gdrlmfb ld gm aeigb qud,fb elpbrtm `b qud sd aehm, `m jrmfilmsbfdrìm pmrm å` ds jufamldftm`ldftdirestemfm pbrqud d` treífhu`b dque`ítdrb ds uf dln`dlm ad `m aevefeama qudsd rddrd m `m trefeama irestemfm.

Sudad qud sdm msì, pdrb tbabs sbf dkdlp`bs ad eftdrprdtmiebfds pdr-sbfm`ds. ²Sbadlbs tblmr`ms iblb ibrrditms2

Mrtgur Xmra _8\ aeid; ‐Ye sd dfiudftrm ufm i`mvd qud trmauid uf ldf- smkd iejrmab aífab`d uf sdfteab, iedrtmldftd sd smnd qud sd tedfd `m i`mvdad` iejrmab? ad` leslb lbab se sd dfiudftrm ufm dxpèimieùf qud gmhm qudufm sdred ad sìlnb`bs pmsdf m tdfdr su vdramadrb sdfteab“.

U dsd ds d` prbn`dlm. Ye midptmlbs eftdrprdtmiebfds sunkdtevms adlmsbfds, ²iùlb dxiùer `ms eftdrprdtmiebfds sunkdtevms ad `bs fb lmsbfds2

Df d` retum` lmsùfeib, Aebs ds ``mlmab ‐D` Hrmf Mrquetditb ad` Tfevdr- sb“. Smrm lì fb ds lís qud ufm selp`d ldtíjbrm abfad d` ufevdrsb ds iblbufm efldfsm lmfseùf b tdlp`b, y d` Irdmabr ad` Tfevdrsb ds iblpmrmab muf ibfstruitbr.

¡Fb gmy fmam ad sdirdtb b errdspdtubsb df dsb!

Sdrb df =57:, ufm rdvestm rdèhebsm imfmaedfsd ‐Qgd Srdsnytdremf ^d-ibra“ punèiù uf mtmqud m `m jrmfilmsbfdrìm, aeiedfab qud ‐d` Hrmf Mrque-tditb ad` Tfevdrsb drm d` fblnrd ad uf jm`sb aebs qud `bs lmsbfds vdfdrm-nmf df su m`tmr “.

U gmid abs mýbs, d` Ar. Kmlds @mrry Gb``y, d` gblnrd qud brqudstù`m imlpmým ad `bs Nmutestms Yurdýbs ibftrm `bs lmsbfds, adiìm qud ``mlmrm Aebs uf Hrmf Mrquetditb ‐ds adrbhmtbreb ad `m vdramadrm blfepbtdfiemirdmabrm ad Aebs, puds uf mrquetditb sb`b trmnmkm ibf lmtdrem`ds qud tedfdm `m lmfb y df imlneb Aebs irdm tbab ad `m fmam“.

Df rdmèama efvdstehmfab uf pbib sd dfiudftrm qud d` tårlefb ‐Hrmf Mrquetditb“ jud eftrbauieab df ̀m jrmfilmsbfdrìm df =8>9 pbr d` lefestrb Srds-netdremfb, Kmlds Mfadrsbf y qud å` m su vdz `b gmnìm tblmab ad `bs trmnmkbsad Kumf Im`vefb, kustmldftd ufb ad `bs jufamabrds ad` prdsnetdremfeslb.

¡Msì qud ̀ bs lbadrfbs abhlíteibs dstíf mtmimfab ufm dxprdseùf qudjud dlp`dmam pbr ufb ad `bs lís hrmfads tdù`bhbs ad tbabs `bs tedlpbs !

Qbabs smndlbs qud `m dsiumarm y d` iblpís jbrlmf uf sìlnb`b qudrdprdsdftm m ̀ m lmsbfdrìm y bnkdtevmldftd fb gmy lís qud dsb. Sdrb d` pms-tbr ^bf Imrsbf, uf jufamldftmèstm qud dstí prdaeimfab ibftrm `m lmsbfd-rìm df luigms pmrtds ad Mlåreim, aeid qud `m dsiumarm rdprdsdftm `m tedrrm,d` iblpís m` ied`b y qud `m dsiumarm y d` iblpís m` ufersd rdprdsdftmrìmf mìed`b elprdhfmfab m `m tedrrm ibf sus `ùvems, b sdm qud rdprdsdftmf uf mitbsdxum`!!

Gmy lís mûf. Tf gblnrd ̀ `mlmab Da Adiodr mutbr ad uf ̀ enrb tetu`mab‐Xgmt ybu fdda tb ofbw mnbut... lmsbfs“ (Qbab ̀b qud ustda fdidsetm smndr

_8\ Fbtm;Zdr fbtm 4.





midrim ad... `bs lmsbfds), fbs aeid m``ì qud `bs adlbfìmibs dsiumarm y iblpís dstíf adèfdmabsdf d` trmzmab ad dstm ieuama (Xmsgefhtbf AI) y adsirend im``ds y mvdfeams, dstrd``ms ad iefib y sdespuftms, dti, mrlmfab qud `bs lmsbfds gmf dstmab lmfdkmfab adsad d` prefiepeb m dstd pmìs.

D` leslb dsiretbr sehud aeiedfab qud iumfab m` fudvb lmsùf sd `d aeid qud nusqud `m

‐@uz“y qud sd `d am m `m bradf ad` Zdfdrmn`d Lmdstrb, sd ibldtd uf drrbr jmtm`, pbrqud `m @uz dssm`vmieùf y sb`b pudad prbidadr ad Kdsûs. U sd rddrd m` vdrsìiu`b ad Ymf Kumf 7.=> abfad aeid;‐yb sby `m ùz ad` lufab, d` qud ld sehm fb imdrí df `ms tefedn`ms sefb qud tdfarí `m ùz ad veam“.

U btrm vdz d` Ar. Gb``y, ym ldfiebfmab, vud`vd m gmn`mr ad `m @uz lmsùfeim; ‐ Ds ufm n`ms -jdlem“ aeid. ‐Kdsuirestb ds `m @uz ad` lufab, ds `m ûfeim ùz rdvd`mam df `m Sm`mnrm ad Aebs“. Tf`dfhumkd luy judrtd!Smt ^bndrtsbf df su ènrb ‐Qgd Fdw Xbrà Bradr “ (D` fudvb Bradf Lufaem`) fbs aeid qud d` lmsù-feib Bkb‑ qud‑ tbab‑ `b‑ vd sd dfiudftrm df d` Hrmf Yd``b ad `bs Dstmabs Tfeabs m` rdvdrsb ad`ne``dtd ad uf aù`mr. U mhrdhm; ‐.. d` bkb ad ufm mftehum adeama dhepiem, Bseres qud ds rdvdrdfiemamdf .. ̀bs smhrmabs retbs ad `m bradf lmsùfeim“. Ibftefûm ibf qud ̀ m lmsbfdrìm prdsdrvm ̀ bs lestdrebs

pmhmfbs y qud ds efiblpmten`d ibf d` irestemfeslb b d` kuamìslb pbrqud d` Bkb‑ qud‑ tbab‑ ̀ b‑vd pdrtdfdid m uf aebs dhepieb.

U msì ds qud gmy ufm imfteama ad dsms hdftds qud dstíf ibfvdfieams qud `m perílead truf-imam ad` rdvdrsb ad` aù`mr ds pmrtd ad ufm ibfspermieùf lmsùfeim pmrm mpbadrmrsd ad` lufab,pbrqud ibrrdspbfad m uf sìlnb`b qud usmnmf `bs Eùlefmtte ad Nmvedrm df `bs =883s!

Qbams dsms eftdrprdtmiebfds sbf tmf p`musen`ds iblb ium`quedr btrm, pdrb tbams sbf ibftrm -rems d` dspìretu ad `m lmsbfdrìm tm` iblb sd rddkm df `m dxpèimieùf ad `bs sìlnb`bs qud sd am df d`retum`, y tbams dsms eftdrprdtmiebfds sbf mftelmsùfeims.

Qdfdlbs uf vdramadrb prbn`dlm mquì, Ye uf sìlnb`b df ufm pmrtd ad` lufab sd pmrdid mbtrb ad btrm pmrtd aejdrdftd ad` lufab, ²sehfeim qud dstíf rd`miebfmabs, b qud rdprdsdftdf `mleslm ibsm2

Ye m` ibftdlp`mr ufm dstmtum ad `m mftehum Hrdiem fbs pmrdid vdr ufm pbseieùf qud rdiudr -am m`hûf hdstb lmsùfeib lbadrfb, sehfeim qud d` dsiu`tbr gmnrìm seab lmsùf2

Iumfab vdlbs qud d` jmrmùf dhepieb Qutmfomlbf jud dsiu`peab vestedfab uf ad`mftm`, qud-rrí adier qud drm lmsùf2 Sbarìm lbstrmr`ds tdxtbs abfad sd mrlm dsb. Smrm lì dstb ds uf mnsurabdveadftd y ld fedhb m aesiuter`b.

Ye sdhuelbs vedfab dstb, iblprbnmlbs qud `bs mftelmsbfds ibfjufadf sele`mreama ibf

eadfteama, y midptmf sb`mldftd ufm eftdrprdtmieùf pmrm ium`quedr sìlnb`b.

Sbr dkdlp`b, gmn`mfab ad Smt ^bndrtsbf, dstd bnkdtm d` Bkb‑ qud‑ tbab‑ `b‑ vd pbrqudaeid qud ds pmhmfb. Sdrb su prbpem nenèm efiùyd sdhurmldftd dstms pm`mnrms; ‐@bs bkbs ad` Ydýbrdstíf df tbams pmrtds, ibftdlp`mfab `b nudfb y `b lm`b“ (prbvdrnebs =4.9) b ‐@bs bkbs ad` Ydýbr rdibrrdf tbam `m tedrrm“.

Dstb ld sudfm iblb se d` Aebs ad `m Nenèm tmlneåf tuvedrm uf Bkb‑ qud‑ tbab‑ `b‑ vd!

Iblprbnmlbs dftbfids qud dsm hdftd bnkdtm qud d` fudvb lmsùf peam pbr ‐@uz“ pbrqud`m ùz sb`b pudad vdfer ad `m sm`vmieùf ad Kdsuirestb. Sdrb `m Nenèm leslm dlp`dm `m ùz df vmrebs

sdfteabs. Adi`mrm ibf rdspditb m `m veam “Yd am ùz m` qud dstí df `m lesdrem y veam m` qud tedfd su m`lm df mlmrhurm“ (Kbn 9.>3). Qmlneåf pudad rdprdsdftmr m`dhrìm y prbspdreama; ‐@m ùz sd sedlnrm pmrm d` kustb y `m m`dhrìm pmrm `bs rditbs ad ibrmzùf“ (Ym`lb 58;==) b pudad sehfeimr `m





dxid`dfiem lbrm`; ‐d` sdfadrb ad` kustb ds iblb `m ùz nre``mftd...d` imlefbad` lm`vmab ds iblb `ms tefedn`ms“ (Srbvdrnebs 1.=7).

U pbr supudstb df ètdrmturm `m ùz pudad sehfeimr luigms ibsms y sumpèimieùf prdiesm sd adrevm ad` ibftdxtb efldaemtb.

Df uf pbdlm ad Mrtgur Guh I`buhg _7\, `m ùz i`mrmldftd sehfeimdspdrmfzm, df tedlpbs ad adsdspdrmieùf, qud d` juturb gmrí adstd``mr.

Mfa fbt ny dmstdrf wefabws bf`y,Xgdf amyèhgt iblds, iblds ef tgd èhgt.Ef jrbft tgd suf ièlns s`bw, gbw s`bw`y,Nut wdstwmra, `bbo, tgd `mfa es nrehgt.

Df hdfdrm`, im`br, ùz, judhb y aìm rdprdsdftmf m `m ‐veam“, pdrb dfiedrtb puftb ad` ‐Smrmesb Sdraeab“ ad Le`tbf, pead myuam m `m @uz. Dstb ds

mprbpemab df uf sdfteab ètdrm` pbrqud su gestbrem sd ludvd dftrd d` rdefbsblnrìb ad Ymtíf y `bs nre``bs dtårdbs ad` Ied`b.

Gmy qud rdibramr qud Le`tbf m imusm ad su idhudrm fb pbaìm vdr `mùz iblb `ms adlís pdrsbfms, mufqud fm`ldftd mprdfadlbs qud mquì `mùz ds selnùèim y rdprdsdftm sb`b ufm veseùf pbåteim.

Df d` lufab dauimtevb, `m `ílpmrm ad` mprdfaezmkd i`mrmldftd rd-prdsdftm m` ibfbieledftb, y msì tmlneåf ds df lmsbfdrìm. Df d` preldr hrmab`ms tefedn`ms sbf `ms ad `m ehfbrmfiem y `m ùz ds `m ad` ibfbieledftb? df d`tdridrb `ms tefedn`ms sbf `ms ad `m ludrtd. Ds dstûpeab y adsgbfdstb pbr pmrtd

ad `bs jufamldftmèstms adier qud ‐ùz“, iumfab sdm qud biurrm, adnd tdfdrqud vdr ibf `m sm`vmieùf qud prbvedfd ad Kdsuirestb. Df lmsbfdrìm, `bs sìlnb`bs fb fdidsetmf sdr ibgdrdftds, pudstb qudpudadf mpèimrsd m ibsms aesteftms.

@m ^dh`m ad vdefteiumtrb pu`hmams pudad rdprdsdftmr m `ms vdefteium-trb gbrms ad` aìm pdrb tmlneåf m `m prdieseùf. @m dsiumarm ds `m lbrmèamapdrb tmlneåf d` Zdfdrmn`d Lmdstrb.

²Ydhuelbs y fbs biupmlbs ad` selnbèslb fulåreib2 Ds bnveb qud`bs lmsbfds fb sbf `bs ûfeibs qud pbsddf iedrtbs fûldrbs. ²Ds fûldrb trds

ds lmsùfeib2 Zdmlbs; Qrds idraetbs, Qrds rmtbfds iedhbs, ̂ eietbs ad brb y ̀ bs Qrds bsbs,Qrds gblnrds df uf nmrib, Qrds lbsqudtdrbs, Qrds Igemabs, Qrds lbfdams yufm judftd, y msì sehuedfab. ²sbf lmsùfeibs2

U ²quå gmy ad` fûldrb iefib2 Dsiuigmlbs ad ufm bnrm df iefibmitbs, `bs iefib @enrbs ad Lbesås, iefib fmiebfds ad `m Ibfjdadrmieùf Erb -qudsm, ̀ m queftm dfledfam ad ̀ m Ibfstetuieùf, ̀ bs iefib ̀ mabs ad` daeieb ad`Sdftíhbfb, `bs iefib kudhbs ad` Sdftmtg`bf, `bs iefib hrmfads `mhbs. ²sbftbabs lmsùfeibs2

Gmn`dlbs ad` sedtd; N`mfimfedvds y `bs sedtd dfmfbs, Nbtms ad sedtd`dhums, sedtd pe`mrds ad smneaurìm, amfzm ad `bs sedtd vd`bs, sedtd fbvems pmrm

_7\ Fbtm;Mrtgur Guhg I`buhg (= addfdrb ad =7=5, @evdrpbb`, Ef-h`mtdrrm - =9 ad fbvedlnrdad =7:=, J`brdfiem, Etmèm)jud uf pbdtm efh`ås



=3 ^dtm`ds ad Lmsbfdrìm

sedtd gdrlmfbs, sedtd lmrmve``ms ad` lufab, sedtd ibèfms ad ^blm, hudrrm ad `bs sedtd mýbs y sedtdlmrds. ²Qbab dsb ds lmsùfeib2

U btrb tmftb midrim ad `m lûseim, iblb aekelbs mftds.

Ub dstby prdpmrmab pmrm adier qud ium`quedr lmsùf pudad eftdrprdtmr `bs sìlnb`bs iblbquedrm, sedlprd qud fb dståf dxpèimabs dxp`ìietmldftd df d` retum` ad m`hufm btrm jbrlm. Ub pud-ab myuamr m uf lmsùf efaeveaum` df su irdieledftb lbrm` b dvbùieùf dsperetum`. Sdrb fb irdb qudadnm eftdftmrsd elpbfdr sus prbpems eftdrprdtmiebfds m btrbs lmsbfds iblb se sd tuvedrm `m vdramadvmfhåèim y fb sd `m pudam fdhmr. Df les lbldftbs lís eftb`drmftds gd mpèimab d` fblnrd ad‐lmfeíteibs lìsteibs“ m dsms pdrsbfms. U gmy imfteama ad d``ms. Sedfsb df Jbstdr Nme`dy y M`ndrtIgurigwmra, y Lmf`y S. Gm`` y M.D Xmetd y Mrtgur Xmra.

Le ibfsdkb ds qud guymf ad d``bs iblb ad `m p`mhm.

²Sbaåes vdr `m fmturm`dzm ad` prbn`dlm2 Dstby prdpmrmab pmrm ibefieaer ibf Jbstdr Nme`dy

df qud ufm ad `ms jufiebfds ad `m jrmfilmsbfdrìm ds ‐`m drdiieùf ad fudstrb tdlp`b dsperetum`“ yad gdigb sd fbs aeid df ufm pmrtd ad `m idrdlbfem, ‐adsad dstd ieledftb qud sd gm dstmn`dieabdstm tmrad ustda pudad d`dvmr ufm supdrdstruiturm pdrjditm df tbams sus pmrtds y gbfbrmn`d pmrmd` ibfstruitbr “.

Sdrb df le bpefeùf, `m jbrlm prdiesm df qud dsb pbarìm rdmèzmrsd, fb sd dfsdým df `m jrmfi-lmsbfdrìm. @m gdrlmfama dstí dxp`ìietmldftd adstefmam m sdr uf hrupb ad gblnrds ad d`dvmabseadm`ds y prbpùsetbs lbrm`ds, qud irdmf df `m blfesiedfiem, blfepbtdfiem y blfeprdsdfiem ad ufYdr Yuprdlb, y iblpmrtmf dxpdredfiems luy prbjufams y lbveèzmabrms y qud sd dsjudridf, imamufb df su ̀ uhmr, pmrm ldkbrmrsd m sì leslb y gmidr qud d` lufab sdm uf ldkbr seteb pmrm vever. U ibfdsms dxpdredfiems y irddfiems df iblûf, `m jrmfilmsbfdrìm ds df djditb uf hrupb ad mfeama, ufhrupb ad gblnrds qud aesjrutmf ibf `m iblpmýìm ad `bs adlís.

Eftdrprdtma `bs sìlnb`bs iblb adsdåes. Sdrb m ldfbs qud `ms eftdrprdtmiebfds sdmf ibfr -lmams pbr d` retum`, tdfda luigb iueamab df `b qud `ds adiìs m `bs adlís. U fb pdrletíes qud `bsmftelmsbfds dlpukdf ufm eftdrprdtmieùf jm`sm pbr vudstrm hmrhmftm.

Nenèbhrmjìm

• Jbstdr Nme`dy, Qgd Yperet bj Lmsbfry (Qufnreahd Xd``s, =548).• Da Adiodr, Xgmt ybu fdda tb Ofbw Mnbut ... Lmsbfs (Duhdfd, Brdhbf, =55>).• Kmlds @. Gb``y, Qgd Ybutgdrf Nmptest Ibfvdftebf mfa Jrddlmsbfry (Ndmulbft, Qdxms, =55>?vb`. >, =559).

• X. Oero LmiFu t̀y, Jrddlmsbfry; M Kburfdy tgrbuhg êtum` mfa Yylnb` (@bfabf, =55=).• X. Li@dba, da., Ndybfa tgd Se``mrs (Gmle`tbf, Bft., =589).• X. Li@dba, Qgd Hrmfa Adsehf (Gehg`mfa Yprefhs, Zm., =55=).• M``df ^bndrts, Qgd Irmjt mfa ets Yylnb`s (êiglbfa, =581).• Smt ^bndrtsbf, Qgd Fdw Xbrà Bradr (Am`̀ms, =55=).• Omtgmrefd Qgblsbf, Qgd Lmsbfei Qgrdma ef Lbzmrt (@bfabf, =588).• Mrtgur Xmra, Lmsbfei Yylnbèsl mfa tgd Lystei Xmy (@bfabf, =5=9).

@bs sìlnb`bs lmsùfeibs; usb y mnusb



==^dtm`ds ad Lmsbfdrìm

Fbteiems H@D - H@SI

Msmln`dm ad `m Hrmf @bhem Srbvefiem` ad Imste``m ’ Dspmým

D` pmsmab aìm 7 ad Jdnrdrb ad >3=1 tuvb ùhmr df `m ieuamaad @dùf, `m msmln`dm mfum` ad `m Hrmf @bhem Srbvefiem` ad Imste -``m (Hrmf @bhem ad Dspmým’Hrmfad Bredftd Dspmýb`) prdseaeam pbr suHrmf Lmdstrb Srbvefiem` Mab`jb [mnm`m, qud aereheù `bs trmnmkbs kuftbm su dquepb ad biem`ds.

@m msmln`dm ibftù ibf `m prdsdfiem ad rdprdsdftmftds ad `ms=9 @bhems ad `m Srbvefiem, qud df uf mlnedftd ad hrmf ibraemèama yjrmtdrfeama pmrteiepmrbf df ufm ad `ms lís fuldrbsms rdufebfds ad`ms qud quedf dsirend rdiudram.

Df aeigm msmln`dm sd pusb ad lmfedstb `m dxid`dftd smùaqud `m Hrmf @bhem Srbvefiem` mtrmvedsm df tbabs `bs mspditbs, se nedf sd gm pdaeab uf lmybr midr -imledftb m `m sbiedama ibf d` f ad amr m ibfbidr d` trmnmkb qud `m Lmsbfdrìm rdmèzm df nedf adåstm, sbnrd tbab df dstbs tedlpbs ad ireses qud mtrmvdsmlbs.

Aurmftd d` adsmrrb``b ad `m rdufeùf sd prbidaeù m` fblnrmledftb ad `bs Hrmfads Biem`dspmrm d` iursb mitum`, adstmimfab qud tbabs y imam ufb ad `bs Gdrlmfbs fblnrmabs sd pusedrbf maespbseieùf ad ium`quedr gdrlmfb ad `m prbvefiem qud pudam rdqudrer ad su bieb, iblb fb pudadsdr ad btrm lmfdrm df fudstrm Bradf.

Mseleslb sd prbidaeù m` rdibfbieledftb, pbr pmrtd ad `m Srbvefiem, ad` trmnmkb rdmèzmabpmrm ̀ m Bradf pbr aejdrdftds gdrlmfbs, qud rdienedrbf ad lmfbs ad` Hrmf Lmdstrb ad ̀ m Srbvefiem

uf aep`blm ad rdibfbieledftb, su imreýb pdrsbfm` y d` ad tbabs y imam ufb ad `bs gdrlmfbs prd-sdftds.

Jefm`ldftd sd gezb dftrdhm m tbabs `bs Zdfdrmn`ds Lmdstrbs ad` iursb lmsùfeib pmsmab(>3=9->3=1) ad uf aep`blm mirdaetmtevb ad su pmsb pbr `m Ye``m ad Ym`blùf.

Fb pudab adkmr ad ietmr `m hrmf m`dhrìm ad tbabs `bs gdrlmfbs ad `m prbvefiem m` tdfdr ib-fbieledftb ad uf fudvb `dvmftmledftb ad Ibùlfms m` Bredftd ad Smlp`bfm abfad, m `b `mrhbad` mýb >3=1, sd ibfsmhrmrí `m @bhem ‐Srb @endrtmtd“. Dstby sdhurb qud luigbs ad `bs gdrlmfbsprdsdftds dstíf ym adsdmfab d` pbadr iblpmrter trmnmkbs df `m tdfeam ad ibfsmhrmieùf ad dstdfudvb prbyditb lmsùfeib adftrb ad `m prbvefiem y amr tbab su mpbyb m `bs gdrlmfbs jufamabrds.

Qdrlefmabs ̀ bs trmnmkbs, `bs gdrlmfbs prdsdftds iblpmrtedrbf uf íhmpd jrmtdrfb df d` ium`vb`veù m pbfdrsd ad lmfedstb d` dspìretu ad gdrlmfama y hrmf jrmtdrfeama qud se nedf, ds ̀ b fbrlm`dftrd tbabs `bs lmsbfds, pmrdid sdr`b mûf lmybr se imnd dftrd `bs qud ibfjbrlmf `ms `bhems qudtrmnmkmf nmkb `m bndaedfiem ad dstm Hrmf @bhem Srbvefiem` ad Imste``m ad `m Hrmf @bhem ad Dspmým.



=> ^dtm`ds ad Lmsbfdrìm

xxxx@bs Zemkds ad Efeiemieùf ‑ Zeseùf Qrmfsidfadftm`

@bs Zemkds ad Efeiemieùf

Zeseùf Qrmfsidfadftm`Sbr d` Z.¸. G.¸. M`jrdab ^bndrtb Fdttb@bhem ‐Tfeéb d Ybèamredamad“ f» 978 ’ Yéb Smu`b - Nrmse`

Eaeblm brehefm`; Sbrtuhuås ad` Nrmse`Qrmauitbr; Z.¸. G.¸. Lmreb @ùpdz

Df `bs Srefiepebs Jufamldftm`ds ad` êtum` ad` Mprdfaez Lmsùf, ad` êtb Dsibiås Mftehub yMidptmab mprdfadlbs qud `m Lmsbfdrìm ds ufm Bradf Tfevdrsm`, jbrlmam pbr tbams `ms rmzms,irdabs y fmiebfmèamads, rdufeabs pbr `m Efeiemieùf y ibfhrdhmabs df @bhems, df `ms ium`ds, pbrlåtbabs b ldaebs rmiebfm`ds, muxeèmabs pbr sìlnb`bs d m`dhbrìms, dstuaemf y trmnmkmf pmrm `m

ibfstruiieùf ad `m Ybiedama Gulmfm y jufamldftmam df d` Mlbr Jrmtdrfm`, df `m Dspdrmfzm adqud, ibf Mlbr m Aebs, m `m Smtrem, m `m Jmleèm y m` Srùkelb, ibf Qb`drmfiem, Zertua y Ymneaurìm, ibf`m efvdstehmieùf ibfstmftd y ènrd ad `m Zdrama, ibf d` Srbhrdsb ad` Ibfbieledftb Gulmfb, ad `msIedfiems y ad `ms Mrtds, sbnrd `m Qrefeama ‑ @endrtma, Ehumàma y Jrmtdrfeama ‑ adftrb ad `bs prefie-pebs ad `m ^mzùf y ad `m kusteiem? d` lufab mìmfid `m Jdèieama Hdfdrm` y `m Smz Tfevdrsm` _=\

Ad dstbs prefiepebs sd adauidf aevdrsbs ibrb`mrebs, ad `bs qud adstmim d` lmrimab iblb Ndf d` retum`

‐n ‑ @m lmsbfdrìm fb elpbfd `ìletds m `m ènrd efvdstehmieùf ad `m vdrama y pmrm hmrmftezmr dstmèndrtma, dxehd ad tbabs `m lmybr tb`drmfiem“. _>\

Tfb ad `bs lbldftbs lís gdrlbsbs d elpbrtmftds qud tedfdf ùhmr aurmftd d` retum` adEfeiemieùf ad uf prbjmfb sbf `bs ‐Zemkds selnùèibs“ qud, lís m``í ad prbauier djditbs rdm`ds df dèfeiemab, ibftedfdf ufm vmèbsm selnb`bhìm iuym iblprdseùf y dlp`db sdrí ad sulm elpbrtmfiemdf `m ibfauitm pbstdrebr ad` imfaeamtb.

Nusimrdlbs dftdfadr`ms pbr ldaeb ad` eftd`ditb, pdrb tmlneåf prdsdrvmr y vb`vdr eftbimn`dmqud` sdfteab ad` ibrmzùf gulmfb, m` qud d` Dspìretu sd d`dvm df sus lbldftbs ad lmybr pdridp-ieùf, luy `dkbs ad tbabs `bs vedftbs ad `m ibftrbvdrsem, ad tbams `ms tdlpdstmads ad `m aesiuseùf,df mqud` merd purb y sef funds ad` prbpeb ied`b, abfad `m eftueieùf vd y `m rmzùf sd se`dfiem, abfadd` Dspìretu gmn`m y `ms vbids ldfbrds dfluadidf.

B`veamlbs, jrdiudftdldftd, qud `b biu`tb fb dstí m `m vestm ad tbabs sefb mpdfms m `m admqud``bs qud `b nusimf sef jm`tm ad ífelbs, adsdbsbs ad mprdfadr `b bjrdieab, aestmftd ad `m rmzùfgulmfm.

Df `ms Efeiemiebfds, rdpdteams df imam fudvb efhrdsb m `m bradf adsad gmid seh`bs, ds jrd-iudftd bnsdrvmr uf iblpbrtmledftb ldiífeib df `bs qud `m ``dvmf m imnb, m`hb aestmftd ad tbabsehfeimab, nd``dzm d elpbrtmfiem qud adnd tdfdr.

@m Lmsbfdrìm ds ufm dsiud`m efeieíteim y ad jbrlmieùf ad gblnrds ûte`ds m `m Ybiedama, bIbfstruitbrds Ybiem`ds, y pmrm `m bnrm m `m qud sd `d adstefm df d` lufab, `bs lmsbfds tedfdf dàdndr ad iu`tevmr adtdrlefmams iumèamads eftdrfms fdidsmrems pmrm d``b. @bs aejdrdftds hrmabs ad`m Lmsbfdrìm, sbf, df rdmèama, dtmpms ad maedstrmledftb dspdiìib y, imam ufb ad d``bs jmiu`tmm` efeiemab ibf adtdrlefmam dauimieùf y pbadrds dsbtåreibs.



=9^dtm`ds ad Lmsbfdrìm


Ledftrms tmftb, ds elpbrtmftd dftdfadr qud `m ‐Efeiemieùf“ ds uf prb-idsb mitevb m trmvås ad` ium` tbabs `bs qud sd aesiepèfmf y iulp`df vbùf -tmremldftd adtdrlefmabs prdidptbs b prefiepebs trmfsidfadftm`ds pudadfsdhuer mad`mftd? prefiepebs dstbs qud sbf efadpdfaedftds ad fudstrm ̀ eletmamiblprdseùf. Ds ̀ m dxpmfseùf ad ̀ m ibfsiedfiem ibfsdiudftd m ufm ‐^djbrlmEftelm“ b ‐^dfbvmieùf Eftdrebr“, pmrm `bs lmsbfds ‐ZEQÊB@“, b sdm `m qudsdm `m adfblefmieùf qud adsddlbs amr m dstd prbidsb ìftelb y pdrsbfm`_9\.

@m Efeiemieùf fb pudad sdr bjrdieam pbr sbiedamads, dsiud`ms dsbtåre-ims u brhmfezmiebfds, dxidptb ad lbab selnùèib. Yd ibfvedrtd, dftbfids,mpdfms df uf tìtu`b lís qud df ufm rdmèama. D``m trmfsiedfad `ms pm`mnrms ydxehd rdmèzmiebfds efaeveaum`ds, ìftelms, ibfstmftds y pdrsestdftds. Sbr ̀ b tmf-tb, ufm ibfquestm, d` jrutb ad luigb trmnmkb y adaeimieùf mìmfzmam pbr d`dsjudrzb efaeveaum` ad imam sdr, ufm rdmèama y fb ufm ‐veseùf dxtrm-jìseim“ad jíie` mìmfid iblb prdhbfmf m`hufms `ìfdms ad pdfsmledftb.

@b qud `ms dstruiturms gulmfms pudadf gmidr ds mpdfms efaeimr d`‐imlefb“ b dfsdýmr adtdrlefmams ‐rdh`ms jufamldftm`ds“ dsbtåreims qudym sbf ad ablefeb pûnèib, pdrb d` imfaeamtb m `m efeiemieùf pudad, df `mldaeam ad su eftdrås y hrmab ad adsmrrb``b, nusimr pbr ldaeb ad` dsjudrzb y`m efeiemtevm prbpem.

‐@m efeiemieùf ds, pbr ̀ b tmftb, ufm sdred hrmaum` y rdmèzmam ad dxpmf-sebfds ad ibfsiedfiem? ufm irdiedftd y ibfstmftd pdridpieùf ad `m aevefe-ama y ad tbams sus elpèimiebfds. Luigbs ad `bs psduab efeiemabs mitum`dsirddf gmndr mìmfzmab dstd dstmab pbrqud m`hûf huìm dsbtåreib b veadftd

psìqueib msì sd `b gm aeigb? sef dlnmrhb, df su jbrb eftdrebr, d``bs fb smndfad` prbidsb ldaemftd d` ium` pbarìmf ‐pmsmr“ (iblb dfsdým `m lmsbfdrìm)pbr dstm pudrtm lestdrebsm, dftrd abs hrmfads pe`mrds, df su nûsqudam ad `m@uz, d``bs fb tedfdf ibfbieledftb ibfsiedftd ad mqud` prbhrmlm ad mutbefeiemieùf qud gm ad sdr sdhueab, df p`dfm veheèm, d` ium` adnd sdr selu`tí-fdmldftd ibfiedfiemab pbr d` M`lm Aevefm eflmfdftd? pbr `m ldftd y pbrd` idrdnrb ad` gblnrd, df `m veam jìseim _1\.

@ms efeiemiebfds

‐Efeiem`ldftd, prdiesmlbs tdfdr df `m

ldftd qud fb ds sdhurb fe tmlpbib smneb ``d-vmr d` ibfbieledftb ad adtdrlefmabs gdigbsdsbtåreibs lís m``í ad adtdrlefmabs `ìletds.Sbr tmftb ds fdidsmreb uf ‐irdieledftb eftdrebr“ibfquestmab pbr ldaeb ad luigb dsjudrzb ypdrsdvdrmfiem.

@bs redshbs ad` ibfbieledftb adlmsemabprbjufab sbf luigb lmybrds qud `m mldfmzmad adlmsemab èletmab. Ibf d` ibfbieledftb``dhm `m rdspbfsmneèama y d` pbadr, abs ibsmspmrm `m qud `m lmybrìm ad `bs gblnrds fb dstímûf prdpmrmabs.

_=\ Fbtm;Mprdfaez Lmèbl ’ êtum` ’êtum` ab selnbèslb ’ H@D-

YS ’ Hrmfad @bkm Lmèñfeimab Dstmab ad Yéb Smu`b - 1»Daeèéb, pmh. 5.

_>\ Fbtm;Eadl mftdrebr.

_9\ Fbtm;Mffed Ndsmft ’ ‐@bs LestårebsLdfbrds“.

_1\ Fbtm;Eadl mftdrebr._4\ Fbtm;Qbab dstb fb ds pbsen`d se `bsqud `d rdiendf fb `b gmidfibf d` dhrdhbr fdidsmrebpmrm `m bimseùf. Sbr d``b `msidrdlbfems ad efeiemieùfadndf sdr ibfseadrmams yrdmèzmams ibf tbab ibfbie-ledftb ad imusm.





_4\ Fbtm;^bndrtb Fdttb, M. ’ ‐M Efe-iemèéb ’ Zeséb `bsùimd Qrmfsidfadftm`“.

_:\ Fbtm;Df Nrmse` ds gmnetum` ad-fblefmr biefms m `b quddf Dspmým adfblefmabsQm``drds b @bhems.

_8\ Fbtm;Df su bnrm ‐M Zeam Biu`-tm am Lmèbfmrem“ ’Daetb-rm Sdfsmldftb - Nrmze`.

_7\ Fbtm;Qdxtb dxtrmìabs ad ̀m bnrmad `m fbtm mftdrebr.

Sbr `b tmftb, df tdlms dsdfiem`ldftd dsbtåreibs, tbab `b qud sd pud-ad gmidr ds dstuaemr d eftdftmr dstmn`didr ibrrd`miebfds ibf `m pmrid`m ad`m smneaurìm y `m pruadfiem qud sd tdfhm, dlp`dmfab `ms efjbrlmiebfds qud sd ibhdf pmrm d` nedf ad mqud``bs m quedf bnkdtevmldftd sd efjbrlm, rdib-fbiedfab qud d` usb smneb y ibf iretdreb ad` Ibfbieledftb trmd ufm lmybr

impmieama pmrm rdiener `m Ymneaurìm biu`tm ad `bs aejdrdftds hrmabs Lmsùfe-ibs.

Qdfdlbs qud iblprdfadr, rdpdtelbs, qud d` adsmrrb``b ad` sdr gu-lmfb fb ds lís qud uf pmsmkd ad uf dstmab ad ibfsiedfiem m btrb. Ds ufm suidseùf ad dxpmfsebfds, uf irdieledftb ad su impmieama ad pdridpieùf,imrmitdrìsteim prdablefmftd ad` @enrd Sdfsmabr qud rdsead adftrb ad tbabsfbsbtrbs.

D` Lmsùf usm `m pm`mnrm ‐Efeiemieùf“ ibf luigm jmieèama, sef mfmèzmradneamldftd su sdfteab eftrìfsdib. D` usb rutefmreb, m`dkmab ad su sehfeimab,

prdiepetm y gmid pdradr hrmf pmrtd ad su sehfeimab rdm` y vdramadrb“ _4\

Midptmfab `m lmsbfdrìm iblb ufm ‐Dsiud`m Je`bsùim d Efeieíteim“df dsdfiem, `ms @bhems selnùèims adndf sdr ibfseadrmams iblb dsiud`msprdpmrmtbrems ad imfaeamtbs m `m ‐Efeiemieùf“, luigb lís m``í qud selp`dsbiefms _:\ bpdrmtevms

@m príiteim retumèstm tedfd uf `mab bnkdtevb; mitûm, fb sb`b df d` ef-tdrebr ad su prmiteimftds, ibf d` adspdrtmr ad `m ldftd y d` ibrmzùf, sefbtmlneåf df d` dxtdrebr dtårdb, iueamfab qud `ms efudfiems d`dvmams y pure-imabrms ``dhudf ibfstmftdldftd m `bs aejdrdftds iudrpbs ‑ Jìseib, Mstrm` yLdftm` ‑ iudrpbs, dstbs, qud iblpbfdf `m ‐Sdrsbfmèama“, ablefeb ad` ‐UbLdfbr“, qud prdiesm sdr maedstrmab y ablefmab pbr d` ‐Ub Lmybr“ b vdram-adrb efeiemab.

M ldaeam qud sd dstuaem `bs tdxtbs dsbtåreibs, efadpdfaedftdldftdad `m dsiud`m ad pdfsmledftb qud `bs dxprdsd, sd mprdiemf puftbs df ib-lûf qud `bs vud`vdf dspdkbs ad ufm vdrama biu`tm qud gm ad sdr rdvd`mamm `bs pbibs qud nusimf `m @uz. U `m Lmsbfdrìm trmd df su nb`sm dsms leslmsZdramads, dsbtåreimldftd vd`mams, iblb ym sd gm aeigb mftds.

Ydhûf @dmadndmtdr _8\, iumfab m`huedf efhrdsmnm df `bs LestdrebsLdfbrds, df Hrdiem b Dheptb, sd ibfseadrmnm qud `b preldrb y lís elpbr -

tmftd qud gmnìm qud dfsdýmr`d drm `m rdmèama `m veam adspuås ad `m ludrtd,puds tdfìmf df iudftm qud d` gblnrd pudad lbrer df ium`quedr lbldftb y,pbr `b tmftb, adnd pbsddr dsd ibfbieledftb.

‐@m lmsbfdrìm ds uf sestdlm smirmldftm` qud, iblb tbab smirmldf-tb, tedfd uf mspditb dxtdrfb y vesen`d ibfsestdftd df su idrdlbfem`, sus abi -trefms y sìlnb`bs, qud sd pudadf vdr y bìr? y uf mspditb eftdrfb, ldftm` ysperetum`, biu`tb nmkb `ms idrdlbfems, abitrefms y sìlnb`bs, qud sb`b amf jrutbdf d` lmsùf impmz ad gmidr usb ad su elmhefmieùf speretum` y ad adsiunrer`m rdmèama dxestdftd adtrís ad` vd`b ad` sìlnb`b dxtdrfb“ _7\





Dheptb d Esrmd`

Igmr`ds X. @dmandmtdr, jmlbsb efvdstehmabr i`mreveadftd qud ibftre-nuyù df `m ibfirdtezmieùf y aejuseùf ad `m Qdbsbjìm, tuvb `m bpbrtufeama adefvdstehmr tmlneåf d` `mab biu`tb ad `m Lmsbfdrìm, df tbabs sus hrmabs, ymqud mìmfzù d` hrmab 99.

Df su ènrb ‐@m veam biu`tm ad `m Lmsbfdrìm“ aesdrtm sbnrd aejdrdftdslbldftbs ad `bs trmnmkbs lmsùfeibs, bnvemldftd prdsdrvmfab `bs `ìletdsad` fdidsmreb sehe`b, prdsdftífabfbs uf eftdrdsmftd dstuaeb ad `ms ibrrd`m-iebfds ibf `bs mftehubs retbs dhepiebs y ad btrms dsiud`ms dsbtåreims mftehumsibf fudstrm Bradf, dveadfiemfab su imríitdr efeieíteib le`dfmreb.

M` `ditbr lís mtdftb `d qudamrí dveadftd qud `bs retum`ds ad `ms pre-ldrms aåimams ad =533 qud d` mutbr ietmab ibfbieù, aedrdf df m`hufbslbldftbs ad ̀ bs ad gby df aìm, sef dlnmrhb, su ̀ mab dsbtåreib pdrlmfdftdehum` pdrleteåfabfbs iblprdfadr ldkbr sus aejdrdftds lbldftbs.

@dkbs ad `m aesiuseùf dståre` qud tm`ds aejdrdfiems sud`df dfsdýmr, mpd-fms ibfsdhuer adlbstrmr b, pbr `b ldfbs, tmfhdfiemr, `ms rdspbfsmneèamadsbiu`tms b trmfsidfadftm`ds ad m`hufbs mitbs qud rdmèzmlbs adftrb adfudstrbs trmnmkbs.

Sbr btrb `mab, dftdfaedfab qud `ms dtmpms ad `m Efeiemieùf ad Srbjm-fbs sbf ad` ibfbieledftb ad tbabs `bs lmsbfds adsad d` Hrmab ad Mprdf -aez, fb ds fdidsmreb adsirener p`dfmldftd sus aejdrdftds lbldftbs, rmzùfpbr `m ium` nusimrdlbs adstmimr mpdfms m`hufbs adtm``ds, prefiepm`ldftdmqud``bs qud judrbf i`mvd ad fudstrb dstuaeb pmrm d` f ad dstd trmnmkb.

Ds eftdrdsmftd dftdfadr, pbr dkdlp`b, qud tbams `ms dxehdfiems ad`m prdpmrmieùf ad` prbjmfd, su lmfdrm ad vdstersd y ad `bs d`dldftbs ad`bs qud adnd adspbkmrsd, sbf sele`mrds m `ms dxehdfiems ad `m Mftehum trmae -ieùf kuameim, d` m` mftehub trmtmab rd`miebfmab ibf d` Qm`lua, qud ‐fefhûfgblnrd sd madftrd df d` Qdlp`b ibf su nmstùf, fe ibf zmpmtbs df `bs peds, feibf sus vdsteabs dxtdrebrds, fe ibf aefdrb df d` nb`se``b“

Zmrems sbf `ms rmzbfds qud kusteimf dstms dxehdfiems y pbsturm, jufam-ldftmams df `bs mftehubs prefiepebs dsbtåreibs, rmzbfds dstms qud adndf sdrrdvd`mams sb`b m `bs efeiemabs df sus efstruiiebfds, df mlnedftd dstreitmldf-

td lmsùfeib, ufm vdz qud `ms `dtrms pudadf mìmfzmr `bs bkbs prbjmfds. ²Sdrb iuí` sdrìm d` sd``b ad ufeùf dftrd `m iu`turm dhepiem y `m kuame-im2 Lbesås jud efeiemab df `bs lestdrebs dhepiebs ufm vdz qud jud mabptmabpbr `m gdrlmfm ad` Jmrmùf y dauimab iblb prìfiepd. Lís tmrad, ym iblb`ìadr ad `m hrmf fmieùf ad Esrmd`, trmfsreù sus ibfbieledftbs biu`tbs m `bssmidrabtds qud msì `bs lmftuvedrbf gmstm `bs rdefmabs ad Amvea y Ym`blùf,rdyds qud adieaedrbf madiumr`bs m `m jbrlmieùf kuameim, rmzùf pbr `m ium`luigbs hrmabs lmsùfeibs humramf rd`mieùf ibf m`hufms pmrtds ad` ZedkbQdstmldftb, mufqud, df dsdfiem, sd prdsdrvmf d`ds m su brehdf dhepiem.

‐Tf lmsùf ds ehum` m` prìfiepd, pdrb gdrlmfb ad` ldfaehb, se ds vertubsb _5\“

_5\ Fbtm;I.X.@dmandmtdr ’ ‐M ZeamBiu`tm am Lmèbfmrem“ ’ Da.

Sdfsmldftb - Nrmse`



=: ^dtm`ds ad Lmsbfdrìm


@bs vemkds

@dmandmtdr fbs efjbrlm ad `m prdsdfiem ad pbrtm`ds qud gmf ad sdr trmspmsmabs pbr d` prb-jmfb df su Efeiemieùf. D``bs rdprdsdftmf `bs p`mfbs dsperetum`ds qud tbabs adndf pmsmr adspuås adadsdfimrfmr.

Zdfieams `ms preldrms dtmpms ad `m efeiemieùf, d` prbjmfb, mgbrm ibfsiedftd ad `m idrtdzmad qud `m ludrtd pudad vesetmr`d df ium`quedr lbldftb, sd prdpmrm df veam pmrm ibfbidr `bs p`m-fbs dsperetum`ds qud `d dspdrmf iumfab sd iruzm d` ulnrm` ad `m ludrtd. Efeiem, dftbfids, sus vemkdsselnùèibs qud, df rdmèama, rdprdsdftmf su pmsb pbr trds pbrtm`ds b pùrteibs, efvesen`ds m `bs bkbs adìudrpb jìseib, pdrb pdrjditmldftd rdm`ds pbrqud dstíf ibfstrueabs pbr d` pdfsmledftb.

D` Sreldr Sbrtm` ds d` dln`dlm ad ̀m ludrtd, ds adier, d` pmsb ad` lufab jìseib gmiem ̀m fudvmdtmpm ad `m veam df d` sunp`mfb efjdrebr ad` S`mfb Mstrm`. Iulpèams `ms jbrlmèamads ad `m dftrmamdf d` Qdlp`b, m` amr su preldrm vud`tm, sd efeiem su Sreldr Zemkd Yelnùèib. Yehud m iedhms, ibfauie-ab pbr `m lmfb mlehm qud `d huìm pbr aejdrdftds bnstíiu`bs, rbadmab ad rueab, uf pdqudýb selu-

`mirb ad adsbradf y `m ibfjuseùf ablefmftd df d` sunp`mfb efjdrebr ad` lufab mstrm`. Dstd p`mfb,tmlneåf ibfbieab iblb ‐Tlnrm`“, ‐Efdrfb“ b ‐^defb ad Gmads, ds d` p`mfb abfad sd rdûfdf, trms`m ludrtd, `bs dsi`mvbs ad `m sdfsumèama, ad` tdlbr, ad` baeb, ad `m lmàma y ad `m vdfhmfzm.

Df `m mftehðdama rdlbtm, dstd vemkd drm dlprdfaeam df tdfdnrbsms imvdrfms, sìlnb`b ad`mstrm` efjdrebr, ibf `bs redshbs rdm`ds y rueabs tdfdnrbsbs, sbnrddftdfaeab qud, adspuås ad d``b, dèfeiemab dstmrìm prdpmrmab pmrm iruzmr dstd p`mfb, se `d drm fdidsmreb, trmfque`mldftd y sef tdlbr.

D` >» Zehe`mftd ds d` humraeíf ad` Ydhufab Sbrtm`. Df d` retum` df dstuaeb, iumfab d` imfae-amtb ``dhmnm m `m pbseieùf ad` >» Zehe`mftd y, pbr `b tmftb, m` Ydhufab Sbrtm`, drm prdsdftmab m `bsd`dldftm`ds ad `m Qedrrm y ad` Mhum, pdrtdfdiedftds m `m rdheùf abfad, selnùèimldftd, mimnmnmad ``dhmr y qud adnìm ibfseadrmrsd ibfstetueam pbr `bs sunp`mfbs sùèab y `ìqueab ad` lufab mstrm`.Adnìm, df dstd lbldftb, d` imfaeamtb ad jrdftd m` Fbrtd, gmidr ufm bjrdfam mprbpemam m `bs d`d-ldftm`ds ad `m Qedrrm, y ùdhb, dfimrmfab d` Yur, gmidr `b prbpeb m `bs ad` Mhum.

Dstbs d`dldftm`ds ad `m Qedrrm y ad` Mhum ‐pdrtdfdidf m `m dspdied ad `bs qud m`hufms vd-ids sbf adfblefmabs dspìretus ad `m fmturm`dzm, qud rbadmf y rdibfbidf adsad dstd lbldftb mèfaeveaub qud `ds gm seab prdsdftmab. Qrms dstm idrdlbfem, se d` imfaeamtb sd dfiudftrm df ium`-quedr i`msd ad pdèhrb fb jìseib, b df `m prdsdfiem ad ufm efudfiem lmèhfm, pbarí mtrmdr m su m`-

rdadabr uf iudrpb ad humraemfds ibfstetueabs pbr dstbs d`dldftm`ds,hrmiems m `m jrmtdrfeama qud mimnm ad dstmn`dids ibf d``bs“ _=3\

D` =» Zehe`mftd ds d` humraeíf ad` Qdridr Sbrtm`. M` iulpèr d` Yd-

hufab Zemkd d` imfaeamtb ``dhmnm m` Qdridr Sbrtm`, setumab kuftb m`ùhmr ad` =» Zehe`mftd, qud drm su humraeíf. M``ì, ad imrm m` Bredftd,drm prdsdftmab m `bs d`dldftm`ds ad` Merd qud humramnmf d` `mabadrdigb ad` pbrtm`, y ùdhb ad imrm m Biieadftd, m `bs d`dldftm`dsad` Judhb, qud humramnmf d` `mab ezquedrab.

‐@m imrdfiem ad adsdbs ds `m iumèama qud pudad impmietmr mìmfaeamtb m iruzmr supdrmfab `bs dfhmýbs ad dtm rdheùf, pbr `b qudufm vdz lís dftrdhm m `bs d`dldftm`ds `b qud pbsdd dstm rdheùf. Upmsm mad`mftd, ym mlehb ad d``bs, qud dstmríf sedlprd prdpmrmabspmrm prdstmr`d sus tdsbrbs, pbrqud smndf qud ds uf Gdrlmfb ad `m

@uz y fb humramrí pmrm se leslb `b prdstmab, sefb qud `d amrí nudfmmpèimieùf y `b advb`vdrí bpbrtufmldftd “ _==\





@m lmybr trmfqueèama ad` sdhufab vemkd rdprdsdftmnm `m smèam ad`m imvdrfm, pdfdtrmfab df `m rdheùf ad` se`dfieb, sìlnb`b ad `bs sunp`mfbssupdrebrds ad` Lufab Mstrm`, abfad fb pudadf pdfdtrmr `bs sudýbs lís ís-pdrbs y hrbsdrbs, mufqud dxestm m`hufm adsmrlbfìm dftrd `ms m`lms.

Df d` Qdridr Zemkd, rdmèzmab df mnsbùtb se`dfieb, sd rdprdsdftmnm d`pmsb pbr `m pmrmtd supdrebr ad` Lufab Mstrm`, ibftehum m` Lufab Id`dstd.

Dxpèim d` prbpeb @dmandmmtdr; ‐Dstm pmrtd ad` retum` adrevm prefiepm`-ldftd ad ̀bs Hrmabs Yelnùèibs b hdfuefbs ad` êtb Dsibids Mftehub y Midp-tmab, pdrb fb ds judrtd df ̀ bs trmnmkbs ad `m Hrmf @bhem ad Efh`mtdrrm. D` retum`Dsibiås qud sd prmiteim df `m @bhems qud trmnmkmf nmkb `bs muspeiebs ad`Yuprdlb Ibfsdkb ad Jrmfiem prdsirend ̀ ms trds selnùèims, ibf rueabs y dstrå-petbs ad dspmams df d` Sreldr Zemkd? uf ‐Iètdques acmrlds n`mfigd“ (rueabad mrlms n`mfims) df `m Ydhufam y pdrjditb se`dfieb df `m Qdridrm, pdrb fbgmy efvbimieùf ad `bs d`dldftm`ds, sef dlnmrhb sdr iblpmrmf `bs Zemkds m`ms mftehums prudnms pbr `m Qedrrm, Judhb y Mhum“

Yd adauid qud d` Sreldr Sbrtm` ds trmspmsmab df `m Iílmrm ad ^d-dxebfds. Df d` retb dsibiås, sd bnsdrvm df d` preldr vemkd `m prdsdftmieùf ad`prbjmfb mpdfms m `bs d`dldftm`ds ad `m Qedrrm y m `bs ad` mhum sb`mldftddf d` Ydhufab Zemkd df d` lbldftb df d` ium` sd `d `mvmf `ms lmfbs, pdrb d`Ydhufab Sbrtm` pdrlmfdid ibf d` >» vehe`mftd.

Ds df d` Qdridr Zemkd qud d` imfaeamtb ds prdsdftmab m `bs d`dldf-tm`ds ad` Judhb y ad` Merd ibf d` jbib ad` im`br sbnrd d` pdigb, pdrb d` =»Zehe`mftd pdrlmfdid iblb humraeíf ad` Qdridr Sbrtm`.

^dprdsdftmiebfds selnùèims

Yd nusim df `ms aejdrdftds dtmpms ad `m Efeiemieùf ad` prbjmfb d` efs-truer`b sbnrd `m sdfam ad prudnms qud d` aesiìpu`b adnd dstmr aespudstb mpmsmr adsad d` lbldftb df qud midptù nusimr `m @uz.

@bs Zemkds selnbèzmf ̀ m gestbrem ad `m veam jìseib-dsperetum`-dvbùtevm ad`Gblnrd iumfab mtrmvedsm d` S`mfb Ldftm`, Mstrm` y sd lmtdremèzm df d` S`mfbJìseib, imlefb qud adnd gmidrsd ad rdtbrfb iumfab sd jm``did.

Yelnbèzm tmlneåf `m prdpmrmieùf ad` imfaeamtb pmrm trmspmsmr ds-tbs p`mfbs muf df veam, trmfsetmfab pbr d``bs ibf trmfqueèama, se mìmfzm dàblefeb ad su Sdrsbfmèama y u`trmpmsm `ms nmrrdrms qud elpbfd `m lmtdrem,puds, ufm vdz df `m sdfam ad `ms prudnms, adndrí dkdrietmr trds iumèamads;aesidrfeledftb, musdfiem ad adsdbs y ibfauitm ibrrditm b mutb ablefeb(`dvmftmfab tdlp`bs m `m vertua y imvmfab lmzlbrrms pmrm `bs veiebs).

‐Ibf d` tedlpb y ldaemftd `m príiteim ad dstms trds vertuads, d` imf-aeamtb sdrí impmz ad rdibrrdr tbab d` S`mfb Mstrm` m su dftdrm vbùftma,pbrqud d` aesidrfeledftb `d ibfjdrerí pbadr ldftm`? `m musdfiem ad adsdbs,d` pbadr dlbiefm`, y `m nudfm ibfauitm, d` pbadr vbètevb. Ad sudrtd qudfb gmnrí fdidseama ad idrdlbfem m`hufm pmrm qud d` imfaeamtb pmsd sefbnstíiu`bs m trmvås ad ̀ m pmrtd supdrebr ad` S`mfb Mstrm`, pbrqud m``ì tbab rds-pbfad efstmftífdm y bndaedftdldftd m `m vbùftma ad` gblnrd eùlefmab.

_=3\ Fbtm;Eadl fbtm 5.

_==\ Fbtm;Eadl fbtm 5.





_=>\ Fbtm;Eadl fbtm 5.

_:\ Fbtm;Lmsùf efh`ås mutbr ad vmremsbnrms ad rdjdrdfiem sbnrd ̀ mbradf lmsùfeim.

Jíie`ldftd sd rdibfbidf m``ì m `bs Gdrlmfbs ad `m @uz _=>\“

@bs Zemkds, tmlneåf selnùèimldftd, pudadf sdr eftdrprdtmams pbr `bstrds trmnmkbs efeiem`ds ad Gåriu`ds qud d` imfaeamtb m ̀ m Efeiemieùf adnd tml-neåf iulpèr

=» @m ‐impturm ad `ms Udhums Mftrbpùjmhms“; Qbabs `bs lmsbfds ibfprdtdfsebfds m uf ‐gdriu`ds“ adndr pdrlmfdidr luy mtdftbs m sus ‐ydhumsrdprbauitbrms b mftrbpùjmhms“. Adaeimr dspdiem` mtdfieùf m sus pdfsm-ledftbs, prblbtbrds ad sus pm`mnrms y miiebfds, pmrm qud d` dhbìslb, `mlmàma, `m prdtdfseùf, `m imùlfem b `m irìteim adstruitevm fb sdmf `bs jrutbsad su ldftd, ibfstmftdldftd jdrteèzmam pbr d` dhbìslb y pbr `m eùseùf, ms-pditbs efjdrebrds ad `m fmturm`dzm gulmfm. @bs pdfsmledftbs brehefmabs dfd` M`lm, df d` rdefb dsperetum`, gmf ad sdr sedlprd daeimftds y jrmtdrfbs.

>» @m ‐Impturm ad` Qbrb ad Irdtm“; D` aejìie` trmnmkb ad` usb ibrrditb ad

`ms judrzms sdxum`ds ds rdprdsdftmab df dstd sdhufab trmnmkb. Smrm Gåriu`ds,d` Qbrb rdprdsdftmnm d` adsdb mfelm`. D` usb ibrrditb ad `m jufieùf sdxum`,pdrletedfab d` eftdrimlneb dfdrhåteib dftrd abs sdrds qud sd mlmf, `m ibf-tefueama ad `m jmleèm gulmfm y `m prbveseùf ad fudvbs iudrpbs pbr ldaebad `bs ium`ds `ms M`lms pudadf mìmfzmr `bs vdgìiu`bs fdidsmrebs pmrm suprbhrdsb, pdrleteríf dèlefmr `m pmseùf, `m ùkurem, `m mutb-smtesjmiieùf, `m ab-`dfiem d effuldrmn`ds prbn`dlms psìqueibs ad fudstrb p`mfdtm.

@m lmtdrem fb sdrí fufim lís prbstetueam pbr d` adsdb dhbìstm y `mrd`mieùf dftrd `bs sdxbs sdrí hbndrfmam pbr `m iblprdseùf ad `bs prbpùsetbsaevefbs y pbr `m gmneèama df su uteèzmieùf. Sbr btrb `mab, ad fmam vm`d ufibftrb` sdxum` jìseib ibf ufm ldftd adsibftrb`mam mitevm, ibfstmftdldftddfvud`tm df sudýbs d elíhdfds ad ufm veam ``dfm ad sdfsumèama y vbùp-tubseama.

@bs tdxtbs dsbtåreibs y dsperetumètms df hdfdrm` sbf i`mrb m` adfer qudd` Gblnrd pudad sdr purb, df d` vdramadrb mspditb dsperetum` y, m` leslbtedlpb, imsmrsd y ibfstetuer ufm jmleèm. Ybf ibftrmrebs, se, m `ms príiteims qud``dvmf m `m brhem sdxum` b efiùsb m `ms príiteims dhbìstms efaeveaum`ds qud``dvmf m` brhmslb dspureb d errdspbfsmn`d jrutb ad` ablefeb y dxehdfiem ad`su ‐yb efjdrebr“ sdýbr ad `m jbrlm y `m eùseùf.

9» @ms ‐lmfzmfms ad brb ad `ms Gdspåreads“; @m hrmf `diieùf sd rd-suld df d` gdigb ad qud `bs imfaeamtbs fb pudadf b`veamr qud fb nmstmibf sdr uf vesebfmreb lìsteib sefb qud gmy qud sulmr `m rdmèzmieùf lìsteim, d`

ibfbieledftb biu`tb ad `m rdmèama.D` ibfbieledftb maquereab qud `ds pdrletd iblprdfadr ldkbr `m

Irdmieùf, uf sefidrb adsdb ad Nedf, d` imríitdr rdfmab y ufm purdzm adeftdfiebfds. Yef d` sdrveieb m` prùkelb, ibf d` b`veab ad ufb leslb, ad fmamvm`d d` prbhrdsb dsperetum` ad` efeiemab.

Iudrpb, M`lm y Dsperetu? Eftdèhdfiem, Mlbr y Zbùftma, vesumèzmabs yibfstmtmabs pbr d` mspermftd adsprdfaeab pbr ldaeb ad` YD^ZEIEB m` prùke-lb, ̀ m vdramadrm J^MQD^FEAMA.

@ms dfteamads impmids ad muxeèmr m` Gblnrd df adsmrrb``b, qud nus -im uf ibftmitb lmybr ibf ̀m dsperetumèama, sedlprd miblpmýmf m` mspermf-

td qud dstí biupmab ibf d` trmnmkb ad `m mutbaesiepèfm, d` y ibfstmftd dfsu dsjudrzb, y prbiurmf vdreimr df d` imfaeamtb se su ùz eftdrfm mìmfzù d`puftb ad ‐nre``mr lís“. Ye dfiudftrm m m`huedf qud fb dstí nusimfab fmam





pmrm se leslb, fe eftdrdsmab df rdiener d`bhebs y lmfejdstmieùf ad dxm`tmiebfds pdrsbfm`ds, pdrbrdm`ldftd mfsebsb ad sdrver ldkbr m `m Gulmfeama, su gdrlmfm. Mgì, dftbfids, sd `d rdvd`mrí d`trmnmkb qud pudad gmidr df su prbpem dsjdrm ad efudfiem pmrm mvmfzmr df d` S`mfb Aevefb.

Sdrb adndrí ibldfzmr abfad dstí d efeiemr df su imsm, dlp`db, df `bs mlnedftds qud jrd-iudftm, y prbnmrsd impmz ad ibsms pdqudýms y iblufds, gmstm mìmfzmr d` ldrdieledftb ad `mslmybrds.

Df `m mftehðdama, `bs imfaeamtbs m` mprdfaezmkd biu`tb sb`mldftd drmf midptmabs pbr `bsLmdstrb df d` Mrtd trms ufm sdvdrm sd`diieùf d efeiemabs df d` adsmrrb``b ad sus jmiu`tmads psìqueimsdxmitmldftd pmrm mìmfzmr `bs sdfteabs supdrebrds qud `ds pdrleterìmf uf ibrrditb adsdfvb`veledf-tb y uf imlefmr rdpbsmab adftrb ad `m Zdrama Dtdrfm.

@bs imfaeamtbs drmf ibfauieabs m ufm vdramadrm efeiemieùf, ad imríitdr gdrlåteib, ibfuf eftdfsb maedstrmledftb lbrm` y dsperetum` y, mpdfms iumfab mìmfzmnmf d` adsmrrb``b eftdrebrfdidsmreb, ibfsdiudfiem ad su trmnmkb, drmf efstrueabs df `ms vdramads biu`tms. Dstd prbidsb judmabptmab y jud nrûku`m ad` adsmrrb``b ad vmrems y mftehums dsiud`ms bredftm`ds, efiùsb sbf `m nmsdbiu`tm b dsbtåreim, ad `m lmsbfdrìm df su ibfidpieùf, gdigm `ms adneams aejdrdfiems.

Dxestd tbab uf ibfbieledftb biu`tb, rdvdsteab ad prbjufab sehfeimieùf, dfvb`vedfab imam adtm-``d, imam sìlnb`b, imam pmríldtrb b retum` prmiteimab df ufm @bhem Lmsùfeim. Imnd, pbr `b tmftb,m` Mprdfaez, m` Iblpmýdrb y tmlneåf m` Lmdstrb, ibfbidr`b, ad miudrab ibf su hrmab, pmrm m` -imfzmr ufm príiteim kustm y pdrjditm, ibfirdtezmfab sus fmèamads trmfsidfadftm`ds.

@m abitrefm eftdrebr gm seab, y ibftefum sedfab, `m leslm pmrm tbabs `bs pudn`bs df tbabs `bs tedl -pb. Df btrms pm`mnrms, ledftrms pmrm `bs prbjmfbs gm gmneab y sedlprd gmnrí aejdrdftds rdèhebfds ydfsdýmfzms df mpmrdftd ibftrmaeiieùf dftrd se? pmrm `bs efeiemabs fb gmy fe gmnrí fufim lís qud

ufm sb`m rdèheùf Tfevdrsm` ad `m Zdrama qud ds Iedfiem y Je`bsbjìm m `m vdz.



>3 ^dtm`ds ad Lmsbfdrìm

Nenèbhrmm;

=. Mprdfaez Lmèbl ‑ ‐êtum` ‑ êtum` ab selnbèslb“ ‑ H@DYS ‑ Hrmfad @bkm Lmèñfeim abDstmab ad Yéb Smu`b ‑ 1» Daeèéb, pmh. 5.

>. ^bndrtb Fdttb, M. ‑ Kdsus, b Irestb Iùsleib9. Mffed Ndsmft ‑ Bs Lestårebs Ldfbrds ‑ Qgd Qgdbsbpgeim` Sunèsgefh Gbusd Maymr, Igdffme,

Efaem.1. ^bndrtb Fdttb, M. ‑ M Efeiemèéb ‑ Zeséb `bsùim d Qrmfsidfadftm`4. I.X.@dmandmtdr ‑ M Zeam Biu`tm am Lmèbfmrem ‑ Daeèéb Sdfsmldftb.:. ^bndrtb Fdttb, M. ‑ Bs Abzd Qrmnm`gbs ad Gåriu`ds d m Dvbùèéb am M`lm ‑ Zeséb Dsbtåreim

Df d` prùxelb fûldrb punèimrdlbs su bnrm; Kdsûs - D` Irestb Iùsleib - Zeseùf Qrmfsidfadftm` (E)

Ybnrd d` mutbr

D` ].¸. G.¸. M`jrdab ^bndrtb Fdttb, fmieù d` 93 ad Aeiedlnrd ad =54= y jud efeiemab df `m Lmsbfdrìmd` 3> ad lmrzb ad >331 y, df `m mitumèama, bstdftm d` hrmab 93 ad` ^.¸. D.¸. M.¸. M.¸...

Ds låaeib y dsperetumèstm.

Srdseadftd ad `m Msbiemieùf ad Låaeibs Lmsbfds?

Ledlnrb Djditevb ad` Ieriu`b Gdrlåteib Bsvmàb Brtdhm.Qrmnmkm df ̀ m ̀ bhem ‐Tfeéb d Ybèamredamad“ f» 978 ‑ Yéb Smu`b ‑ Nrm-se`Daetbr ad` @enrb ‑ ‐Tl Dstuab sbnrd m Jeseb`bhem am M`lm“Sudadf ibftmitmr`d df d` dlme`; rbndrttefdttbCub`.ibl.nr

Fbtm ad` Ibbraefmabr; @ms bnrms > y : ad `m nenèbhrmjìm sdríf punèimams df juturbs fûldrbs ad^dtm`ds ad Lmsbfdrìm.

@bs Zemkds ad Efeiemieùf ‑ Zeseùf Qrmfsidfadftm`



>=^dtm`ds ad Lmsbfdrìm

xxxx²Aùfad rdsead `m èndrtma2

²Aùfad rdsead `m èndrtma2

Sbr d` ].¸.G.¸; Hmfh`dre (selnùèib)^@Y ^dfmieledftb f» 41

Dstd trmnmkb fb ds iblb `ms qud mibstulnrb m prdsdftmr; preldrb, pbrqud fb vby m usmr rd-jdrdfiems selnùèims iblb ds gmnetum`, fe m ``dvmr`m m uf puftb abfad sd ldzi`mf `b dsbtåreib y `bdxbtåreib? y sdhufab, pbrqud df vmrebs lbldftbs gmn`mrå ad lì leslb, qud ds m`hb qud fb gmhbadlmsemab df les p`mfigms. Madlís uteèzmrå le tmrtmluadz pmrm eùstrmr les mrhuldftbs, y dsb dsm`hb iblp`dkb, fb pbr d` tdlm df sì, sefb pbrqud ds aejìie` qud m` gmn`mr sbnrd d``b d` bydftd fb eftu-ym veiteleslb b treufjmèslb df `ms pm`mnrms ad quedf gmn`m, y dsm fb ds, adsad ùdhb, le eftdfieùf.

²]uå ds `m èndrtma2 Ds fdidsmreb pbadr adfer`m pmrm mvdrehumr aùfad pudad rdseaer.

Tfm ad `ms adfeiebfds ad `m ^MD ds ‐dstmab ad quedf fb dstí prdsb“, pdrb ²ds víèam dsmadfeieùf adsad d` puftb ad vestm lmsùfeib2 Bpefb qud fb. Tf lmsùf ds ‐ènrd y ad nudfms ibs-tulnrds“, y dstmr prdsb fb tedfd pbrquå vmremr dsm ibfaeieùf. Gunb luigbs lmsbfds qud judrbfdfimrid`mabs aurmftd `m aeitmaurm y d``b fb `bs gezb ldfbs lmsbfds. Qmlneåf pbadlbs m`dhmrqud iedrtbs prdsbs qud dstíf luigb tedlpb df preseùf ibldtdf irìldfds pmrm vb`vdr, pbrqud dsdf d` dxtdrebr abfad sd dfiudftrmf adsvmèabs y adftrb ad `m iírid` abfad sd sedftdf sdhurbs. Dfsu eftdrebr, df su ldftd, `m preseùf ds abfad sd sedftdf m sm`vb y ènrds.

Btrm adfeieùf ds ‐dstmab b ibfaeieùf ad quedf fb ds dsi`mvb“. Mquì sì qud ds i`mrb aùfadrdsead `m èndrtma, mquì ds i`mrm `m jrbftdrm qud pudad trmzmr uf lmsùf ibf rdspditb m `m dsi`mve-tua? pdrb df le rddxeùf (qud ds `b qud ds åstd trmnmkb, ufm rddxeùf df m`tb), nusib mqud``b qudds mpèimn`d m imam ufb ad fbsbtrbs, y pbr jbrtufm df Dspmým fb gmy dsi`mvetua (m` ldfbs df d`sdfteab lís i`íseib ad `m pm`mnrm).

Btrm adfeieùf aeid; ‐jm`tm ad sukdieùf y sunbraefmieùf“. Dstm adfeieùf fb fbs pdrletd``dhmr m `m ibfiùseùf ad aùfad pudad rdseaer `m èndrtma. Ydhûf dstm adfeieùf `m jm`tm ad èndrtmavdfarìm pbr `ms ibsms qud fbs ‐sukdtmf y sunbraefmf“? pdrb tbab ds eftdrprdtmn`d, y mufqud ldrdsdrvb pmrm lís tmrad trmtmr lís sbnrd d` ibfidptb ad ‐sukdtmr“, vby m trmtmr sbnrd mlnbs mgbrmuf pbib.

@ms ibsms qud fbs sukdtmf y sunbraefmf fb sbf ufevdrsm`ldftd prevmabrms ad èndrtma. Mquìleslb, df dstd tm``dr, tbabs fbs gm``mlbs sukdtbs y sunbraefmabs m ufb b lís kurmldftbs; d` kurm-ldftb iumfab fbs efeiemlbs, d` kurmldftb qud rdmèzmf `bs biem`ds, d` kurmldftb ad` Zdfdrmn`dLmdstrb m` tblmr d` imrhb... y sef dlnmrhb fb `b vdlbs iblb ufm påraeam ad èndrtma, mufqudm vdids èletdf fudstrm impmieama ad mitumr, pbrqud sbf adiesebfds vbùftmrems qud tblmlbs ysmndlbs qud, adftrb ad `b qud imnd, dstí df fudstrm vbùftma smèr ad `b qud dsbs kurmldftbs el-pèimf ibf ufm ldrm adieseùf.

Qmlneåf pbarìm adier qud iumfab efeieå `m rd`mieùf ibf le lukdr pdraì èndrtmads, pdrb fbrdiudrab qud fmaed ld bnèhmsd m imsmrld ibf d``m. Qmlneåf pbarìm adier qud ibf d` fmieledf-tb ad le gekm pdraì vmrems èndrtmads y impmieamads; èndrtma ad lbveledftb, èndrtma pmrm abrler

iumfab `b fdidsetb y luigms lís èndrtmads... y sef dlnmrhb fb imlnemrìm `m setumieùf pbr fmam.Mpmrtd ad tbab mqud``b qud d` sdfteledftb gmiem uf gekb ibf``dvm, d``m ld gm imlnemab y ld gmidrdadsiunrer ibfstmftdldftd pdqudýms ibsms adsad uf puftb ad vestm fudvb, drhb, fb `b dftedfab



>9^dtm`ds ad Lmsbfdrìm


peamldftd. Sdrb fb ds msì, y `m efimpmieama, dsmsukdieùf ad `m qud gmn`ínmlbs m` prefiepeb, fmidpreldrb ad adftrb pmrm lbstrmrsd df d` dxtdrebr yrdhrdsmr adftrb ad ufb ad ufm jbrlm lís sdvdrm.

Fmid adftrb ad ufb pbr d` gdigb ad tmrtm-luadmr, `b ium` se tbab judsd nedf fb sdrìm lmybrprbn`dlm. Zm`d tmrtmluadms, ²y quå2, se `b qudaeids vm`d ̀ m pdfm... ²fb vm`d tmlneåf ̀ m pdfm ds-pdrmr uf pmr ad sdhufabs lís pmrm dsiuigmr`b2Yef dlnmrhb `m ibsm fb vm m er nedf y ufb sd vm mdfibftrmr vmrebs tepbs ad pdrsbfms;

- @bs ehfbrmftds, qud pedfsmf qud se tmrtmluadmsds pbrqud drds eaebtm b efjdrebr.- @bs hrmiebsdtds, qud mufqud sdmf efimpmids ad

jbrlmr ufm jrmsd hrmlmteim`ldftd ibrrditm ibl-pudstm ad sukdtb-vdrnb-prdaeimab, iblb tedfdfuf gmn`m ueam sd irddf ibf adrdigb m nur`mrsd(iurebsmldftd dstbs sbf `bs jdfex ad `bs efhdfebsqud ̀ `mlmf ‐hbrab“ m ̀ bs hbrabs, ‐sbrab“ m ̀ bs sbr -abs, ‐ibkb“ m `bs ibkbs y ibsms sele`mrds iumfabquedrdf ldtdrsd ibf d``bs).- @bs nedfeftdfiebfmabs, qud td aeidf jrmsds iblb‐trmfque`b, fb td pbfhms fdrvebsb“ (qud pmrm uf tmrtmluab ds d` dquevm`dftd m qud se tedfds m uftepb iruzmfab uf dstrdigb pudftd ad iudrams sbnrd d` Mlmzbfms, adier`d ‐fb pedfsds df `m imìamad iedf ldtrbs fe df `ms permýms qud gmy mnmkb df d` rìb“), b ‐yb tmlneåf tmrtmluadb iumfab ldpbfhb fdrvebsb“ (qud ld pmrdid jmnu`bsb, pdrb qud fb ds `b leslb fe ad ̀ dkbs), b qud tdrlefmf tusjrmsds pmrm ‐mgbrrmrtd d` lm` trmhb“. Mitetuads tbams d``ms nedf eftdfiebfmams pdrb qud, se `b lermsnedf, df d` jbfab fb adkmf ad sdr mitetuads ibfadsidfaedftds.- @bs qud `ds am ehum` y sd prdbiupmf ad `b qud aeids y fb ad iùlb `b aeids.

U ibf tbab d``b, efdvetmn`dldftd irdms ufm elmhdf ad te leslb qud ds rdjbrzmam pbr d` dx-tdrebr, y se fb prbnma m eftdftmr dftmn`mr ibfvdrsmieùf ibf ufm lukdr y qud tu preldrm jrmsd sdm;‐²Okkkk-ib-IB-lb dst-t-QÍY2“ ledftrms efièfms `m imndzm gmiem uf `mab ibf d` iud``b ibftrmìab. @bqud vedfd adspuås fb myuam m ldkbrmr `m mutbdstelm.

Qd irdms ufm elmhdf ad efimpmieama, y iumfab td `m irdms m te leslb sd rddkm df d` dxtd-rebr, d` dxtdrebr rdspbfad m d``m y td rdtrbmèldftm dsm elmhdf. Ibf `b iuí` m`hb qud ds, adndrìm sdr,

ufm ldrm mfåiabtm ad` gmn`m, sd mhrmvm, tmrtmluadms lís y df tu ldftd td dfiudftrms sukdtbpbr d``m, ym qud fb gmn`ms iumfab quedrds, fe aeids sedlprd `b qud quedrds y dvetms adtdrlefmamssetumiebfds. Ds adier, fb drds ènrd.

Sdrsbfm`ldftd gd tdfeab sudrtd. Gd trmnmkmab luigb pmrm ldkbrmr le ueadz vdrnm`, gd ad-smrrb``mab ibstulnrds y truibs m` gmn`mr pmrm aeslefuer d` tmrtmluadb (b imlumr`b), sef dlnmrhb‐hmfå le èndrtma“, fb m rmìz ad ldkbrmr le ueadz, sefb qud ldkbrå le ueadz m rmìz ad hmfmr leèndrtma. Tf aìm gmrtb ad trmtmledftbs, ad mpmrmtetbs qud ld lmrimnmf d` retlb pmrm gmn`mr, adhmstmr ufm pmstm df tdrmpdutms (iuym uteèama fb fedhb), ad pdfsmr qud fb drm impmz ad iedrtmsibsms, ld sdftå -iblb sud`b gmidr pmrm pdfsmr- m bsiurms df d` sm`ùf ad le imsm y trms uf rmtb ldaekd m lì leslb; ‐quå `ds adf pbr iu`b, m queåf `d lb`dstd qud fb ld dsiuigd“, y ld ibfvdrtì df

uf gblnrd ènrd. Bnkdtevmldftd drm d` leslb qud uf pmr ad gbrms mftds, d` leslb iudrpb, d` les -lb trmnmkb, d` leslb tmrtmluadb... pdrb sunkdtevmldftd gmnìm adkmab ad dstmr sukdtb, presebfdrb,df le ldftd. U iblb ufb fufim adkm ad sdr tmrtmluab, sefb qud ûfeimldftd ldkbrm, tdfhb tbabs





`bs aìms qud dstmr pdfaedftd ad d``b y trmnmkmr pmrm er uf pbib lís m``í.

Sdrabfmald se ld gd dxtdfaeab uf pbib lís ad `b adneab df dstm pmrtd ad dxpdredfiempdrsbfm`, `b gd gdigb pbrqud gd pdfsmab qud df d``b tdfarìm uf dkdlp`b i`mrb ad le pbsturm adqud ‐`m ̀ endrtma rdsead df ̀ m ldftd“. Ds dstm pbsturm pbr ̀ m qud se uf aìm vdb qud fb vby m ibfsdhuer

adier; ‐amld abs nmhudttds“ df `m pmfmadrìm, df vdz ad sdfterld prdsb ad le gmn`m iblb sby`enrd `d aehb; ‐amld abs nmrrms ad dsms“ ledftrms sd `ms sdým`b.

U ld qudab tmf mfigb.

@enrd.

Ybnrd d` mutbr

D` ].¸. G.¸. Hmfh`dre ds;

- Lmdstrb Lmsùf; ^@Y ^dfmieledftb f» 41 (H@D)- Lmdstrb Lmsùf ad Lmrim - @mpes Mfhu`e =5=7- Fmutm ad` Mrim ^dm` - Lmrd Imftmnreiul =5=7- Lmsùf ad` Mrib ^dm` ad Kdrusm`åf- Jrmtdrfeama Tfevdrsm` f» =

Df`mids ûte`ds

Jufamieùf Dspmýb`m ad `m Qmrtmluadz; gttp;//www.ttl-dspmfm.ibl




xxxx²Iuí` ds d` @meieslb qud `m Lmsbfdrìm S`mftdm2

D` @meieslb qud `m Lmsbfdrìm prbpbfd pmrm d` seh`b WWE adnd dftdfadrsd iblb `m dvbùieùffmturm` ad `b qud trmaeiebfm`ldftd sd gm ibfbieab iblb @meieslb. Smrm adsirener y dxpèimr dstd@meieslb Lmsùfeib sdrí fdidsmreb dstmn`didr uf dsqudlm abfad adsmrrb``mrdlbs ad lmfdrm rí -peam d` sehuedftd tdlmreb pmrm `bhrmr `m iblprdfseùf ad su ibfidptb y bnkdtevb. Msì tdfdlbs `bssehuedftds puftbs; D` S`mfb ad Jbfab ad `m Yetumieùf, Brìhdfds ad` @meieslb df `m Lmsbfdrìm, D` @me-ieslb prbpudstb pbr @m Lmsbfdrìm y Ibfiùseùf.

D` S`mfb ad Jbfab ad `m Yetumieùf.

@m dama ldaem ds d` pdrebab ad tedlpb qud ibledfzm ùdhb ad `m adseftdhrmieùf ad` el -pdreb rblmfb y mnmrim mprbxelmamldftd adsad d` seh`b Z gmstm WZ, ds elpbrtmftd mrlmr qudd` Elpdreb ^blmfb adsad `m msidfseùf m` pbadr ad Ibfstmftefb E d` Hrmfad (i. >81-998), qudjud dlpdrmabr rblmfb adsad d` 93:AI gmstm 998AI, dstmn`did iblb ^dèheùf Biem` ad` Elpd -reb m ufm fudvm jbrlm ad Irestemfeslb mamptmam m sus fdidseamads df pmrtd rdèhebsms pdrb dfhrmf hrmab pb`ìteims, df rdmèama dstm ufeùf ad ^dèheùf y Hbnedrfb drm m`hb qud sd gmnìm vdfe -ab mpèimfab adsad `m mftehðdama, dkdlp`b ad d``b sbf `bs Jmrmbfds Dhepiebs qud sd supbfìmf

adsidfaedftds aerditbs ad sus Adeamads, madlísym d` Elpdreb ^blmfb vdfdrmnm y ibfstruìm Qdl-p`bs m sus Dlpdrmabrds vevbs y df p`dfms jufiebfdshundrfmldftm`ds. Sbr iedrtb dstd jud uf iu`tb luypbpu`mr y dxtdfaeab df `m åpbim, dstí ad lís ad-ier qud `bs ieuamamfbs ad` Elpdreb ym ibfbiìmf `msmpèimiebfds y ndfdiebs ad `m mau`mieùf m` pbadr.Smrm mamptmr `m mftehum rdèheùf irestemfm, qud fbdrm pmrm fmam mpèimn`d df d` ibftdxtb ad` Elpdreb^blmfb, sbnrd tbab pbrqud `bs mftehubs irestemfbsfb vdìmf df d` Idsmr dsd aebs dfimrfmab y hbndr -

fmftd aevefb-tdrrdfb ad` lufab, sefb qud pbsdìmfuf ibfidptb ad uf Aebs Dsperetum`, efvesen`d, irdmabrad` lufab y amabr ad tbam ̀m veam df dstd p`mfdtm.Efiùydfab madlís d` hrmvd adjditb pmrm d` Elpd-reb qud dstd Aebs tmlneåf drm hbndrfmftd mnsbùtbad ied`b y tedrrm dftrmfab pbr dstd lbtevb df ibf-eitb tdrretbrem` ibf d` tbab pbadrbsb Idsmr. Sdrb fbtbab drm fdhmtevb pmrm Ibfstmftefb E, se ds iedrtbqud dstd Dlpdrmabr veb `bs prbn`dlms ad` Irestem-feslb, tmlneåf iblb gíne` pb`ìteib veb sus vdftm- kms, adneù gmndr fbtmab d` muldftb ad` fûldrb ad

Irestemfbs df d` Elpdreb adneab m `m dvbùieùf ad `msbiedama rblmfm, qud ym gmnìm dlpdzmab m sdf-tersd efiblbam ibf `m veam nmrníreim y `m jm`tm ad

²Iuí` ds d` @meieslb qud

`m Lmsbfdrìm S`mftdm2Sbr d` Z.¸. G.¸. K.L.Nmrrdab Lmfazeuo ’ @bhem Yb` ad Mrmhum f» 5: - Zdfdzud`m



>: ^dtm`ds ad Lmsbfdrìm


vm`brds qud lbstrmnmf sus adeamads y vdìmf df d` Irestemfeslb prefiepebs lísmibrads ibf ufm veam lís trmfque`m, iùlbam y pmiìim, fb gmy lís qudvdr d` sm`tb Åteib qud rdprdsdftmf d` ibfkuftb ad `bs Aedz Lmfamledftbs ymadlís ad` Lmfamledftb ad Kdsûs, msì Ibfstmftefb adneù pdrimtmrsd qudm` elp`mftmr dstbs prefiepebs df d` pudn`b rblmfb su ̀ mnbr ad lmftdfdrsd df

su elpbrtmftd y ibaeiemab pudstb sdrem ldfbs aejìie` y smfhredftm, adneab m`m suleseùf y d` rdspdtb m `m veam ad `ms preldrms sditms Irestemfms. Msì ùdhbad mfmèzmr `bs prbs y `bs ibftrms ``dhb m `m smnem adieseùf ad qudamrsd ibf`m pmrtd ibfvdfedftd ad` Irestemfeslb y dèlefmr `b qud `d rdsu`tmnm efibfvd-fedftd. Msì sd ibfvbiù m` Ibfieèb ad Feidm_=\ df d` mýb 9>4 AI, abfad rdu-fedfab m `bs Ymidrabtds ad` Smhmfeslb, rdprdsdftmftds ad` irestemfeslb y `bspb`ìteibs ad`dhmabs ad` Elpdreb ^blmfb, tbabs nmkb `m aerdiieùf ad` prbpebIbfstmftefb, dstmn`didf `m dstruiturm ad `b qud sdrí `m fudvm Eh`dsem Ires-temfm (Eh`dsem Imtùèim), msì sd sd`diiebfmf adsad iuí`ds sdríf `bs ènrbs qudibfjbrlmrmf d` fudvb tdxtb smhrmab (dfteåfamsd @m Nenèm), d` sestdlm ma -lefestrmtevb di`dseísteib, `m mnsbrieùf adftrb ad `m Eh`dsem ad `ms ibstulnrds

y tdlp`bs pmhmfbs dxestdftds y dstmn`did `m rd`mieùf eh`dsem-dstmab, pdrbimnd adstmimr qud df `bs mýbs ad` Elpdreb `m eh`dsem lmftuvb ufm suleseùfy gmstm uf sdrveèslb m` dstmab. Msì fmid d` ibfidptb ad Eh`dsem qud pbr uf`mab tedfd ufm jufieùf dsperetum` pdrb pbr btrb tedfd eftdrdsds tmf tdrrdfm`dsqud `m efvbùirmf ibf `m pb`ìteim, d` dstmab y `m dibfblìm. Qmftb qud gby dfaìm sbf ibfseadrmabs uf dstmab efadpdfaedftd (hrmiems fmam lís y fmamldfbs qud m Ndfetb Lussbèfe). @udhb imnd adstmimr qud aurmftd dstbs =733mýbs, sd gm amab brehdf m tmftms aevesebfds y jmiiebfds ad ̀ m Eh`dsem Imtùèimqud gmy qud midptmr qud `m hrmf lmybrìm ad tbams `ms eh`dsems qud dxestdfmitum`ldftd dftrbfim ad m`hufm lmfdrm ibf `m imtùèim y se aedrdf dfeftdrprdtmiebfds nìnèims y vesebfds ad `b ldtmjìseib, sedlprd ibfsdrvmf `bseftdrdsds dibfùleibs y su adsdb ad efudfiemr m` dstmab pmrm bntdfdr preve-`dhebs, jrdftd m sus iblpdteabrds rdèhebsbs. D` lmsùf iurebsb sd prdhuftmrí;²Df qud sd rd`miebfm `m gestbrem ad` fmieledftb ad `m Eh`dsem Imtùèim ibf d`@meieslb Lmsùfeib qud dstmlbs mfmèzmfab df dstms `ìfdms2, `m rdspudstm dsqud adneab m qud gmy qud dftdfadr d` p`mfb ad jbfab ad `m setumieùf, dstdpudad sdr, pbr msì adier`b, d` brehdf lbadrfb ad` prbn`dlm qud dfjrdftmd` @meieslb df biieadftd y ds msì leslb `m rmìz ad` prbn`dlm df d` bredftdldaeb. Msì tdfdlbs fb ufm Eh`dsem Imtùèim prdbiupmam pbr Aebs y `ms M`-lms ad sus Jed`ds, sefb lís nedf ùigmfab pbr d` preve`dheb qud rdprdsdftmsdr `m Eh`dsem Biem` ad` Dstmab y madlís tbab uf ibfh`bldrmab ad Eh`dsemsirestemfms y fb irestemfms (`m lmybrìm ibf sus brìhdfds df d` imtbèieslb) qudnusimf pbsddr d` preve`dheb ad sdr ‐Biem`ds“ ym qud bntdfaríf pbr dstd

ldaeb adfetevmldftd `m vdftmkm sbnrd sus iblpdteabrds. I`mrb fb gmy qudb`veamr `b efuydftds pb`ìteimldftd gmn`mfab df qud sd pudadf ibfvdrter yd` ib`mtdrm` ndfdieb dibfùleib fmam adsprdiemn`d.

Msì, fbtmlbs iblb dxestd uf prbn`dlm df biieadftd y df d` ldaebbredftd abfad `m Eh`dsem b ^dèheùf Jbrlm` trmtm ad tdfdr iblpdtdfiem judrmad su imlpb ad miieùf fmturm`, adneab m qud df sus brìhdfds df d` Elpd-reb ^blmfb sd irdm aeigm eftdradpdfadfiem y sd `d mtrenuydf jufiebfds addstmab. Df imsbs aejdrdftds m` irestemfeslb pbadlbs tblmr iblb dkdlp`bm` Es`ml df d` Ldaeb Bredftd abfad D` Ibríf (seh`b ZEE) mrlm; ‐Fb dxestdibmiieùf df `bs msuftbs ad rdèheùf“, pdrb ds eftdrdsmftd vdr iblb adsad

d` brehdf ad` Es`ml gm gmneab prdsebfds pmrm `m ibfvdrseùf y adsad ium`-quedr puftb ad vestm `bs fb lusu`lmfds sbf ibfseadrmabs efjdrebrds pmrmbiupmr imrhbs pb`ìteibs, dauimtevbs, dti. ^dtblmfab Biieadftd fb sb`b

_=\ Fbtm;Yd rddrd d` mutbr m` pre-ldr Ibfieèb ad Feidm,d` `ditbr smnd qud d` mýb878 sd id`dnrù d` sdhuf-

ab. D` Sreldr Ibfieèb adFeidm jud ibfvbimabpbr d` dlpdrmabr rblm-fb Ibfstmftefb E, quedfmimnmnm ad elpbfdr suablefeb sbnrd `m tbtmè-ama ad` Elpdreb ^blmfbadspuås ad vdfidr m @eie-feb. Srdvemldftd, Ibfs-tmftefb ym gmnìm amabludstrms ad sus selpmtìmspbr d` irestemfeslb m` aei-

tmr d` Daeitb ad Le`íf ad`mýb 9=9, qud amnm m `bsirestemfbs èndrtma pmrmrdufersd y prmiteimr su iu`-tb sef ledab m sujrer pdrsd-iuiebfds. Fb bnstmftd, d`dlpdrmabr drm ibfsiedf-td ad `ms fuldrbsms aeve-sebfds qud dxestìmf df d`sdfb ad` irestemfeslb, pbr`b qud, sehuedfab `m rdib-ldfamieùf ad uf sìfbab

aereheab pbr Bseb ad Iùr -abnm df dsd leslb mýb,adieaeù ibfvbimr ufibfieèb diulåfeib adbnespbs df `m ieuama adFeidm, abfad sd dfibf-trmnm d` pm`mieb elpdremàd vdrmfb. D` prbpùsetbad dstd ibfieèb adnìm sdrdstmn`didr `m pmz rdèheb-sm y ibfstruer `m ufeamaad `m Eh`dsem irestemfm





qud hrmiems gm dstm selp`d rdstreiieùf `bhrù `m dstmneèama y ufeùf adftrb ad `m aevdrseama ad `mLmsbfdrìm Dspdiu`mtevm, aeigm jbrlm ad @meieslb sef `m ium` gunedrm seab elpbsen`d lmftdfdr dfjufiebfmledftb m `m Bradf Lmsùfeim gmstm fudstrbs aìms. Mquì vm`d `m pdfm mi`mrmr, mufqud su -pdriem`ldftd, ym qud ùdhb `b adsmrrb``mrdlbs ad lmfdrm lís mlpèm qud d` @meieslb prbpudstbpbr Mfadrsbf fb ds ad fefhufm lmfdrm uf Mtdeslb aeselu`mab, ym qud ad pbr se Mfadrsbf ds uf

gblnrd rdèhebsb d efiùyd iblb bnèhmtbrem `m irddfiem df uf sdr suprdlb y irdmabr.

D` @meieslb prbpudstb pbr `m Lmsbfdrìm.

Ds fdidsmreb adstmimr qud gmid le` mýbs, d` sdr `meib sehfeimnm fb sdr pmrtd ad` i`drb rd -hu`mr b sdh`mr y `ms lukdrds fb pdrtdfdidr m ufm Bradf ^dèhebsm. Yù`b df d` seh`b WEW, adspuås aduf prbidsb prbhrdsevb, iblb d` qud ym sd gm adsiretb sd `d adfeù iblb pbseieùf eadb`ùheim, ads-prdfaeam ad` abhlmteslb rdèhebsb.

@m sdpmrmieùf ad `m eh`dsem y ad` dstmab selnbèzm uf `bhrb jufamldftm` df dstd prbidsb,qud sujreù ad jbrlm ibftefum, aerditm b efaerditmldftd, ̀ bs mtmquds ad mquå``bs qud sdftdfiemnmf

qud d` gblnrd sdrìm efimpmz ad sbpbrtmr `ms ibfsdiudfiems ad su prbpem èndrtma. @m åteim qudprbpuhfm d` @meieslb Lmsùfeib ds selp`d. Dstí nmsmam df d` prefiepeb ad `m tb`drmfiem lutum y d`rdspdtb m `bs btrbs, msì iblb m ufb leslb.

Lís m``í ad sus prefiepebs, d` @meieslb Lmsùfeib ds ufm jbrlm ad dftdfadr `m veam qud tedfdsu mpèimieùf df tbabs `bs mspditbs ad `m sbiedama. Yu ibfidpieùf ad uf dstmab iìveib, kurìaeibd efstetuiebfm` sd nmsm df ufm aestefieùf i`mrm, df `b qud m imam ieuamamfb sd rddrd, dftrd ufmdsjdrm pûnèim y ufm dsjdrm prevmam. Dftdfaedfab `m dsjdrm prevmam b pdrsbfm`, iblb `m qud tedfdqud vdr ibf `m èndrtma mnsbùtm ad ibfiedfiem aùfad sd dxprdsmf `ms ibfveiiebfds `bsùims yldtmjìseims, irddfiems, príiteims rdèhebsms y dste`bs ad veam y m `m dsjdrm pûnèim b ib`ditevm, iblbd` dspmieb aùfad d` ieuamamfb sd adsdfvud`vd sbiem`, dibfùleim, pb`ìteim y kurìaeimldftd.

D` @meieslb Lmsùfeib gm `bhrmab trmfsjbrlmrsd df dstd seh`b df `m abitrefm qud addfad `mefadpdfadfiem ad `m Ybiedama y ad` Dstmab ad tbam efudfiem di`dseísteim b rdèhebsm, y ds `m efs -permieùf pmrm qud df `m sbiedama, pmrteiu`mrldftd df `m dsiud`m, pbr rdspdtb m `m ibfiedfiem adimam ieuamamfb, fb sd eftrbauzim fe dstmn`dzim fefhûf abhlm rdèhebsb. Um qud sd adnd msulerqud jmvbrdidr m uf iu`tb ds lmrhefmr m btrbs.

Yd bnsdrvm qud d` `meieslb, ibf lmybr b ldfbr åxetb, mûf aeveaeab y aespdrsb iblb gm dstm-ab, gm `bhrmab dfjrdftmrsd m `m lmybrìm ad `bs tbtmètmreslbs rdèhebsbs, m `bs ym le`dfmrebs abhlmsdtdrfbs d efmlbven`ds qud efimpmietmf d` pdfsmledftb ad` gblnrd y gm dfjrdftmab `bs pbadrdssmirmldftm`ds efmpd`mn`ds, pbadrds iuyb bnkdtevb ds lmftdfdr m` gblnrd y m su sbiedama nmkb`m sunbraefmieùf ad `m kdrmrquìm efstetuiebfm` ad `ms eh`dsems. Dstmn`dieåfabsd d``bs leslbs ibf d`

adrdigb ad tutd`mr `ms ibfiedfiems y gmneètmr `bs hbnedrfbs, D` @meieslb Lmsùfeib df d` seh`b WW gmtdfeab qud dfjrdftmr `m bpbseieùf pb`ìteim rdèhebsm ad `bs lbveledftbs jufamldftmèstms d eftdhres -tms qud gmf qudreab sbldtdr m `ms sbiedamads. Df fblnrd ad `m efjmèneèama ètdrm` ad `bs tdxtbssmhrmabs y `m efmlbveèama ad `ms trmaeiebfds, sd gm qudreab dèlefmr d` adrdigb ad `m èndrtma adpdfsmr, ad aesdfter, ad prbhrdsmr, ad efvdstehmr y df jdigms rdiedftds d` jufamldftmèslb y d` jmfm-teslb gmf ``dhmab gmstm m dèlefmr d` adrdigb ad `m veam m sus prbpebs sdhueabrds efietífab`bs m `bsym trestdldftd ibfbieabs y adp`brmn`ds mtdftmabs sueieams df fblnrd ad ufm veseùf dquevbimamd efmpd`mn`d ad `b qud ds `m rdèheùf. Qbabs `bs gdigbs mftdrebrds fbs ludstrmf d` efldfsb d eftdfsbimlpb ad nmtm``m df qud sd dfiudftrm ùigmfab d` @meieslb Lmsùfeib df d` seh`b WW, df su nûs -qudam ad dspmiebs abfad d` gblnrd pudam adieaer y abfad btrbs fb adieamf dquevbimamldftdpbr å` su sudrtd, pmrm qud `m sbiedama adkd ad sdr sb`b uf rdiursb qud hdfdrm hmfmfiems y pbadr m

ufbs pbibs. Sbibs, qud mlpmrmabs sb`b pbr d` gdigb ad pbsddr ufm dauimieùf lís mad`mftmamy uf elpbrtmftd imrhb rdèhebsb sd mutb btbrhmf d` psduab adrdigb ad pdfsmr pbr `bs adlís b dfbtrbs imsbs uf imrhb pb`ìteib abfad ibftrb`mf `m bpbrtufeama sbiem` mkdfm y d` adrdigb ad` ènrd





pdfsmledftb pb`ìteib ad `ms lmsms.

Ibfiùseùf.

Smrm ibfiùer y rdsuler, `ms aerditreids ad` @meieslb prbpudstb pbr `m Lmsbfdrìm dstíf nm -

smams df `bs adrdigbs gulmfbs madlís ad `ms ibfiùsebfds bntdfeams ad `m dxpdredfiem sbiem`y dstmn`didf i`mrmldftd qud fefhûf hrupb, pmrteab pb`ìteib, sditm b eh`dsem, pudad dxeher uf juf-iebfmledftb ad `bs ldaebs pûnèibs b dauimtevbs qud preve`dhed sus eftdrdsds pmrteiu`mrds. Sbr dsb,`m sdpmrmieùf ad `m rdèheùf d eh`dsem ad` dstmab ds `m pedarm mfhu`mr ad @meieslb Lmsùfeib. Dstdprefiepeb fb adnd sbpbrtmr fe dxidpieùf, fe lbau`mieùf, fe mkustd. Um qud se sd pdrletdf `ms dxidp-iebfds sd veb`m `m ibfaeieùf níseim fdidsmrem pmrm su dxestdfiem. Msì sd efstetuyd `m ûfeim lmfdrmpbsen`d ad amr èndrtma m imam ufb df `m lmfdrm ad irddr b fb, m` tedlpb qud èndrm tmlneåf m `mseh`dsems ad ufm rd`mieùf ad adpdfadfiem biem` ibf d` dstmab.

Ad dstm lmfdrm sd dstmn`did pbr `ùheim qud d` adrdigb ieve` ds d` ûfeib qud adnd `dhes`mr`m veam iìveim y sbiem`. M` leslb tedlpb `bs rdprdsdftmftds ad` dstmab, `bs qud dkdridf imrhbs pû-

nèibs y jufiebfmrebs ieve`ds, adndf rdspdtmr ad lmfdrm dstreitm aurmftd d` tedlpb qud dkdrzmf susjufiebfds ufm fdutrmèama mnsbùtm rdspditb m ̀ ms príiteims efaeveaum`ds b ib`ditevms y bnsdrvmr msìd`ldftd `m `dy.

Smrm idrrmr dstd prbidsb, adnd mabptmrsd d` @meieslb df `m dsiud`m pûnèim, ènrífab`mad tbam eftdrjdrdfiem sditmrem b eadb`ùheim, efiùsb iumfab sd aesjrmid mpmrdftdldftd iblb ufgdigb iu`turm`. @m dsiud`m fb adnd sdr uf ùhmr pmrm `ms lmfejdstmiebfds rdèhebsms b pb`ìteims, fepmrm `m ibfjrbftmieùf ad aejdrdfiems ad bpefeùf. @m dsiud`m adnd dvetmr tbams `ms jbrlms ad prb-sdèteslb. Msì `m dsiud`m sdrí pmrm dauimr d efiuìmr vm`brds lbrm`ds, adkmfab m` ílnetb pdrsbfm` `mèndrtma mnsbùtm pmrm `ms lmfejdstmiebfds ad `ms irddfiems rdèhebsms y pb`ìteims prbpems ad imamefaeveaub.

@m Lmsbfdrìm adnd lmftdfdr su sdfteab `meib y gulmfestm, rdibramfab sedlprd qud d` @me-ieslb fb adnd sdr dftdfaeab iblb sefùfelb ad lmtdremèslb y ibftrmreb m `m dsperetumèama, sefbiblb uf mpbyb ad d``m (`m dsperetumèama y `m irddfiem) ym qud irdm `ms ibfaeiebfds ad èndrtmaad ibfiedfiem qud pdrletdf d` ènrd adsmrrb``b ad `m dsperetumèama. Dstm ds `m jbrlm lís dimz adiblnmter m` jmfmteslb y m` jufamldftmèslb qud tmftb gmf amýmab y amýmf muf m `m gulmfeama.

Ybnrd d` mutbr

D` Z.¸. G.¸. K. L. Nmrrdab Lmfazeuo

Gekb ad pmard hm``dhb y lmard uirmfemfm, ds Efh. D`ditreiestm, prbjdsbr ufe-vdrsetmreb, dsiretbr madlms ad ènrd pdfsmabr. ^dsead y trmnmkm df Zdfdzud`mdf ̀ m @bhem ‐Yb` ad Mrmhum“ f» 5: ibfbieam efjbrlm`ldftd iblb ‐@m Tfevdr -seama ad `ms @bhems“ adneab m `m `mrhm èstm ad eùstrds lmsbfds vdfdzb`mfbsefeiemabs df d``m y sd dfiudftrm trmnmkmfab df d` ^DMM




xxxx

Lmsbfdrìm df d` Fudvb Lufab

Zdfdzud`m Sbr d` Z.¸. G.¸. Lmreb @ùpdz

Dstmlbs df `m û`telm dftrdhm ad dstm sdred qudibldfzmlbs m``í pbr d` fûldrb >4 ad dstm rdvestmibldfzmlbs dstm sdred, drm Mnre` ad >3=9, msì qud gdtdfeab d` gbfbr ad dstmr ibf ustdads =3 ldsds. Ds-

pdrb qud `m sdred gmym seab ad su mhrmab y fb gmndribldteab luigbs drrbrds df `bs amtbs, `b ium` fb gmadneab ad prbauiersd ym qud fmaed gm dfvemab ib-rrdiiebfds m `bs tdxtbs .I`mrb qud ehum` ds qud ustd-ads sbf tmf nudfbs qud gmf prdjdreab fb gmidrldqudamr df dveadfiem. Ydm `b qud sdm, hrmiems m tb-

abs pbr `ddrfbs y fb `ds aehb maeùs, sefb gmstm btrm.

Zdfdzud`m jud ‐adsiunedrtm“ pbr Irestùnm` Ib`ùf df =157, mufqud dsb ad adsiunrer pmìsdsym gmnetmabs sdrìm aesiuten`d. @m lmsbfdrìm ibnrm elpbrtmftd ùhmr ibf `m ùigm pbr `m efadpdf -adfiem ad Zdfdzud`m df `ms hurms ad Jrmfiesib Lermfam y Yelùf Nb`ìvmr, ufedfab, sef sdr dsm `meftdfieùf, lmsbfdrìm ibf hudrrm ad efadpdfadfiem df aeigb pmìs.

@m `bhem lís mftehum ad `m ium` sd tedfd fbteiem, mufqud drm lís nedf ufm dspdied ad `bhemqud ufm `bhem rdm`, ds `m jufamam pbr Kbså Lmrrm Dspmým df @m Humerm, df abfad sd rdufìmf Yelùf^barehudz, Lmfud` Hum`, Fmriesb ad` Zm``d, Kumf Lbrdfbs y Kumf Lmfud` ad` Sefb pmrm aesiuter sbnrd`m rdvbùieùf jrmfidsm y d` yuhb qud `m lbfmrquìm dspmýb`m dkdriìm sbnrd `m ib`bfem vdfdzb`mfm.Ibrrem d` mù =851 y abs mýbs adspuås, df =58:, ibfbidf m iumtrb lmsbfds dspmýb`ds dxtrmaetmabspbr adjdfadr ufm rdpûnèim df Dspmým.

Kbså Lmrrm Dspmým, Lmfud` Hum` y Yelùf ^barehudz pdriendf qud ds d` lbldftb ad p`mf-

tdmr ̀m ̀ endrtma ad Zdfdzud`m iblb ib`bfem y sd brhmfezmf df ufm dspdied ad hrupb rdvbùiebfmrebqud fb dfiudftrm d` mpbyb ad `m mrestbirmiem. D` =9 ad Kuèb ad =858 d` hbnedrfb bradfm adtdfdr m`bs èadrds y dstd guydf gmiem Qrefeama ufbs y gmiem Kmlmeim btrbs.

Kbså Lmrrm rdhrdsm pmrm brhmfezmr ufm sdhufam rdvud`tm qud dsm ad`mtmam y dstd y btrbslmsbfds sbf adtdfeabs. Lmrrm ludrd mgbrimab y su iudrpb ds adsiumrtezmab d` =3 ad Lmyb ad=855, sus u`telms pm`mnrms judrbf; ‐Fb pmsmrí luigb tedlpb sef qud les idfezms sdmf gbfrmams“.

Yef dlnmrhb, dsb fb pmrdiìm qud judrm m tdfdr ùhmr puds d` hbnedrfb dfvìm mhdftds ibf `mbradf ad msdsefmr m Hum`, qud sd gmnìm dxeèmab df Qrefeamad.

@m preldrm `bhem rdhu`mr ad Zdfdzud`m, y ad Mlåreim ad` Yur, jum `m @bhem ‐Ymf Kumf ad `mLmrhmretm“, qud `dvmftù ibùlfms df =737df Smlpmtmr, adpdfaedftd ad `m `bhem ‐Dspmým“ adLmarea.

Lmsbfdrìm df d` Fudvb Lufab - Zdfdzud`m



9=^dtm`ds ad Lmsbfdrìm

xxxx

@m sdhufam `bhem jud `m @bhem ‐Sdrjditm Mrlbfìm f» 81“, jufamam df Iulmfí d` mýb =7=3,qud trmnmkù nmkb `m kuresaeiieùf ad Fbrtd Mldreim gmstm =7>9.@m tdridrm jud ̀ m ̀ bhem ‐Srbtditbrm ad `ms Zertuads f» =“ df Nmrid`bfm (ad Zdfdzud`m, pbr supudstb),qud `dvmftù ibùlfms d` = ad kuèb ad =7=>

Aurmftd `m hudrrm ad `m efadpdfadfiem, aedz lmsbfds ad ufm `bhem ad `m ieuama ad Imrû -pmfb judrbf adimpetmabs pbr su adjdfsm ad `m pmtrem. D` Hdfdrm` Smn`b Lbrm`ds bradfù adstruer `m`bhem (‐Smtrem“, jufamam df =7=1) m lmigdtmzbs. Ibrrem d` mýb =7=4. Sbstdrebrldftd bradfb qud ̀ msaedz imndzms judrmf prbidsebfmams pbr tbam `m ieuama iblb sdým ad imstehb. Yef dlnmrhb dstbibfverteù m aeigm `bhem df d` rdjdrdftd ad `m ùigm rdvbùiebfmrm pbr `m efadpdfadfiem.

Sdrb sehmlbs ibf `m lmsbfdrìm, ium`quedrm eftdrdsmab df `m hudrrm ad `m efadpdfadiem vd-fdzb`m pudad ibfsu`tmr`b df ium`quedr dfiei`bpdaem ldaemldftd ad imèama.

D` > ad aeiedlnrd ad =7>9 dxestìmf =7 `bhems rdhu`mrds df Zdfdzud`m y d` >1 ad Kufeb ad =7>1sd jufam df Imrmims `m Hrmf @bhem ad `m Hrmf Ib`blnem, ad `m ium` jud su preldr Hrmf Lmdstrb d`pmtrebtm Aedhb Nmutestm Trnmfdkm Yturay. Dstm Hrmf @bhem jud ibfstetueam pbr `m ibleseùf ad` Ybnd-

rmfb Hrmf Ibfsdkb ad @eadrds ad M`tm Lmsbfdrìm ad `bs DDTT, qud tdfìm pbadrds pmrm rdmèzmr`b dfImrmims.

Qrms uf pdrebab abfad ̀ m lmsbfdrìm adkm ad jufiebfmr pbr iedrtb tedlpb, d` 5 ad sdptedlnrdad =797, ufm msmln`dm ad `bs rdprdsdftmftds ad tbams `ms `bhems ad` pmìs sd rdûfdf y jufamf ufmfudvm Idftrm` Lmsùfeim ibf d` fblnrd ad Hrmf @bhem ad Zdfdzud`m, qud gby df aìm ds ibfbieamiblb Hrmf @bhem ad `m ^dpunèim ad Zdfdzud`m.

Dftrd =7>1 y =557, `m Hrmf @bhem gm tdfeab :3 Hrmfads Lmdstrbs df :8 pdrìbabs ibfstetuieb-fm`ds y sus =>: @bhems sd gmf dxtdfaeab m trmvås ad tbab d` pmìs iblb idftrbs irdmabs pmrm sdrver yiblp`dldftmr m` gblnrd y trmnmkmr pbr d` mavdfeledftb ad ufm sbiedama lís kustm y sbèamrem df

`bs mýbs qud vedfdf. @m Hrmf @bhem ad Zdfdzud`m id`dnrm iumtrb msmln`dms mfum`ds, ufm rdufeùfmfum` ad Zdfdrmn`ds Lmdstrbs (prdseadftds ad imam @bhem) y ufm rdufeùf mfum` df imam ufm ad`ms 8 zbfms hdbhríims df qud gm aeveaeab malefestrmtevmldftd su kuresaeiieùf. @m Hrmf @bhem adZdfdzud`m pdrtdfdid m `m Ibfjdadrmieùf Lmsùfeim Eftdrmldreimfm (ILE) y m `m IbfjdadrmieùfLmsùfeim Nbèvmremfm (Nbèvem, Ib`blnem, Diumabr, Smfmlí, Sdrû y Zdfdzud`m) y tedfd rd`miebfds yrdprdsdftmftds df tbams `ms Hrmfads @bhems ad` lufab

Mfdxbs

Yelùf Nbèvmr

Yelùf Kbså Mftbfeb ad `m Ymftìselm Qrefeama Nb`ìvmr y Sbftd Sm`m-iebs y N`mfib, Imuae``b ad `m efadpdfadfiem gespmfbmldreimfm (Im-rmims, Zdfdzud`m, >1 ad Oeýeb ad =879 - Ymftm Lmrtm, Ib`blnem, =8 adaeiedlnrd ad =793).

Fmieab df ufm jmleèm ad brehdf vmsib ad `m geam`huìm ireb``mvdfdzb`mfm, Yelùf Nb`ìvmr sd jbrlù `dydfab m `bs pdfsmabrds ad `mEùstrmieùf (@biod, ^bussdmu, Zb`tmerd, Lbftdsquedu…) y vemkmfab pbrDurbpm. Df Smrìs tblù ibftmitb ibf `ms eadms ad `m ^dvbùieùf y ib-fbieù pdrsbfm`ldftd m Fmpb`dùf y Gulnbàt. Mèmab m ̀ m lmsbfdrìm(pmrdid sdr qud jud efeiemab df dstd vemkd m Smres) d elnueab ad `mseadms èndrm`ds, ym df =734 sd kurù df ^blm qud fb adsimfsmrìm gmstmèndrmr m su pmìs ad `m ablefmieùf dspmýb`m.

Lmsbfdrìm df d` Fudvb Lufab - Zdfdzud`m



9> ^dtm`ds ad Lmsbfdrìm

xxxxLmsbfdrìm df d` Fudvb Lufab - Zdfdzud`m

Df =7=3 sd ufeù m `m rdvbùieùf efad-pdfadftestm qud dstm``ù df Zdfdzud-`m aereheam pbr Lermfam. D` jrmimsb admqud``m eftdftbfm bnèhù m Nb`ìvmr mguer ad` pmìs df =7=>? tblù dftbfids

`ms redfams ad` lbveledftb, `mfzmfabadsad Imrtmhdfm ad Efaems uf lmfe-dstb qud efietmnm ad fudvb m `m rd-ndèùf, ibrrehedfab `bs drrbrds ibldte-abs df d` pmsmab (=7=>).

Df =7=9 ̀ mfzù ufm sdhufam rdvbùieùf,qud dftrù treufjmftd df Imrmims. Mûfgunb ufm fudvm rdmiieùf rdmèstm,nmkb `m aerdiieùf ad Lbre``b y Nbnds,qud rdibfquestmrbf d` pmìs pmrm `m Ib-

rbfm dspmýb`m, dxpu`smfab m Nb`ìvmr m Kmlmeim (=7=1-=4)? pdrb åstd rdmèzù ufm tdridrm rdvbùieùfdftrd =7=: y =7=5, qud `d amrìm d` ibftrb` ad` pmìs.

Nb`ìvmr sbýmnm ibf jbrlmr ufm hrmf ibfjdadrmieùf qud ufedrm m tbams ̀ ms mftehums ib`bfemsdspmýb`ms ad Mlåreim, efspermam df d` lbad`b ad Dstmabs Tfeabs. Sbr d``b, fb smtesjdigb ibf `mèndrmieùf ad Zdfdzud`m, iruzù `bs Mfads y vdfieù m `ms trbpms rdmèstms dspmýb`ms df `m nmtm``m adNbymií (=7=5), qud aeb `m efadpdfadfiem m` Zerrdefmtb ad Fudvm Hrmfmam (`m mitum` Ib`blnem).^dufeù dftbfids uf Ibfhrdsb df Mfhbsturm (=7=5), qud d`mnbrù ufm Ibfstetuieùf pmrm `m fudvm^dpûnèim ad Ib`blnem, qud dfh`bnmnm ̀b qud gby sbf Ib`blnem, Zdfdzud`m, Diumabr y Smfmlí?d` leslb Yelùf Nb`ìvmr jud d`dheab prdseadftd ad dstm «Hrmf Ib`blnem¿. @udhb èndrù `m Muaedfiem]uetb (mitum` Diumabr) df ufeùf ad Yuird, trms elpbfdrsd df `m nmtm``m ad Seigefigm (=7>>).

Df mqud` leslb mýb Yelùf Nb`ìvmr sd rdufeù df Humymque` ibf d` btrb hrmf imuae``b ad` lb-veledftb efadpdfadftestm, Ymf Lmrtìf, qud gmnìm èndrmab Mrhdftefm y Ige`d, pmrm vdr `m jbrlm adibbpdrmr df `m èndrmieùf ad` Sdrû? mlnbs aerehdftds igbimrbf df sus mlneiebfds y df sus mprd -iemiebfds pb`ìteims (puds Ymf Lmrtìf sd efièfmnm pbr irdmr rdhìldfds lbfírqueibs dfimndzmabspbr prìfiepds durbpdbs), adsestedfab Ymf Lmrtìf ad dftmn`mr ufm ùigm pbr d` pbadr y adkmfab dìmlpb ènrd m Nb`ìvmr (pbib adspuås sd lmrigmrìm m Durbpm).

Nb`ìvmr puab dftbfids pbfdrsd m` jrdftd ad `m efsurrdiieùf ad` Sdrû, û`telb nmsteùf ad` ibf-tefdftd df d` qud rdsestìmf `bs dspmýb`ds, mprbvdigmfab `ms aesdfsebfds eftdrfms ad `bs rdndàds ad`pmìs (=7>9). Df =7>1 bntuvb `m lís adiesevm ad sus veitbrems df `m nmtm``m ad Mymiuigb, qud adtdr -lefù d` f ad `m prdsdfiem dspmýb`m df Sdrû y df tbam Yuamlåreim. @bs û`telbs jbibs rdmèstms ad`M`tb Sdrû judrbf èqueamabs df =7>4, irdífabsd m``ì `m ^dpûnèim ad Nb`ìvmr (mitum` Nbèvem). Nb`ìvmr,prdseadftd ym ad Ib`blnem (=7=5-93), `b jud tmlneåf ad Sdrû (=7>1->:) y ad Nbèvem (=7>4->:), el -p`mftmfab df dstms abs û`telms ^dpûnèims uf lbad`b ibfstetuiebfm` ``mlmab «lbfbiríteib¿, ibfuf prdseadftd vetmèieb y gdrdaetmreb.

Yef dlnmrhb, ̀ bs åxetbs leètmrds ad Nb`ìvmr fb judrbf miblpmýmabs pbr ̀ bhrbs pb`ìteibs ibl-pmrmn`ds. Yu tdfadfiem m dkdridr d` pbadr ad jbrlm aeitmtbrem` adspdrtù luigms rdteidfiems? y d`prbyditb ad ufm hrmf Gespmfbmlåreim ufeam igbiù ibf `bs sdfteledftbs pmrteiu`mrestms ad `bs mf-tehubs verrdefmtbs, muaedfiems y impetmfìms hdfdrm`ds ad` elpdreb dspmýb`, iuyms bèhmrquìms `bim`dsmimnmrbf nusimfab `m efadpdfadfiem pb`ìteim pbr sdpmrmab.




xxxxLmsbfdrìm df d` Fudvb Lufab - Zdfdzud`m

Nenèbhrmjìm y judftds

Lmèbfmrem fms mlåreims ‑ Jdrfmfab Lbrdtte ‑ Daetbrm Dsim`m ‑ Nrmse`Nebhrmms y veams; gttp;//www.nebhrmmsyveams.ibl/lbfbhrmm/nbèvmr/

Srùxelb fûldrb; Dstm sdred sd gm tdrlefmab. Dstb, dstb, dstb ds tbab mlehbs.

Ybnrd d` mutbr

Lmreb @ùpdz êib ds lmdstrb lmsùf y trmnmkm mitum`ldftd df `m @bhem ^dfmieledftb 41 ’@m Ibruým ’ Dspmým, nmkb `m Bndaedfiem ad `m Hrmf @bhem ad Dspmým.

Efeiemab d` >3 ad Fbvedlnrd ad >338, jud d`dvmab m` hrmab ad Iblpm-ýdrb d` >3 ad Jdnrdrb ad >335 y dxm`tmab m` hrmab ad Lmdstrb Lmsùfd` >> ad Mnre` ad >3=3.

D` 37 ad Ydptedlnrd ad >3=> ds efstm`mab iblb Zdfdrmn`d Lmdstrb trmssdr d`dheab pmrm d` bieb pbr `bs gdrlmfbs ad su @bhem.

D` == ad dfdrb ad >3=9, d` ^HL ad `m H@SI `d btbrhm d` imrhb ad >»Hrmf Zehe`mftd ad `m H@SI.

Df d` mýb >3== ibledfzm su imlefb df `m lmsbfdrìm `bsùim.

- @bhem Impetu`mr Imnm``drbs ad `m Jrmtdrfeama Hm`meim f» 1=1- Lmdstrb Lmsùf ad Lmrim - @mpes Mfhuè =5=7

- Fmutm ad` Mrim ^dm` - Lmrd Imftmnreiul =5=7- Lmsùf ad` Mrib ^dm` ad Kdrusm`åf- Jrmtdrfeama Tfevdrsm` f» =




xxxx@m lmrigm lmsùfeim

@m lmrigm lmsùfeim

Mutbr; ^.¸.G.¸.N. BrtezLmtdrem` dfvemab m `m ibbraefmieùf pbr d` Z.¸.G.¸. Blmr Imrtds ’ Yéb Smu`b ’ Nrmse`

]udreabs Gdrlmfbs. D` brehdf dtelb`ùheib ad `m Sm`mnrm ‐lmrigm“ vedfd ad` `mtìf ‐LM^-IGME^D“ y ad` jrmfiås ‐LMÎGD^“ qud sehfeim ‐er mad`mftd“? ‐lmrimr `bs pmsbs“ gmiem ium`quedrùhmr. D` brehdf ad `m lmrigm ad` Mprdfaez Lmsùf amtm ad` seh`b W åpbim df qud mpmrdiedrbf `bsLmsbfds mitevbs b m`nmýe`ds ad` hrdleb ad `bs bnrdrbs? quedfds ibfstruydf m im` y imftb. @m eftdr -prdtmieùf y dfsdýmfzms selnùèims ibftedfdf uf vmstb imlpb df `b lbrm`, dsperetum` d eftd`ditum`,

prudnm ad d``b ds qud `m lmrigm ad` Mprdfaez Lmsùf. dstí ibfstetueam pbr `bs pmsbs pbr `bs qud sdpdfdtrm adsad ̀ ms Ibùlfms ad` Qdlp`b gmiem d` mrm efeiemfab ibf ̀ m pbseieùf ad bradf y lmrimf-ab `bs trds pmsbs rdh`mldftmrebs ib`bimfab `bs peds df jbrlm ad dsiumarm, m` gdigb ad lmrimr`bs pmsbs y ib`bimr `bs peds df jbrlm ad dsiumarms `d ``mlmlbs prbpemldftd ‐FMIELEDFQB, ZEAMy LTD^QD“, `b qud fbs efaeim qud imam pmsb ibrrdspbfad m imam ufb ad `bs pdrebabs ad fudstrmveam y fbs gmid rdibramr `m leseùf qud maquerelbs m` sdr efeiemabs df `bs muhustbs lestdrebs ad `mLmsùfeibs.

Iumfab d` Mprdfaez Lmsùf sd setûm dftrd Ibùlfms tblmfab `m pbseieùf ad bradf d efeiemsu lmrigm pmrm ùdhb uneimrsd df d` ùhmr qud `d ibrrdspbfad, dstí rdprdsdftmfab d` lbveledftbqud mpmrdftdldftd adsirend d` sb` df su imrrdrm pmrm amr ùhmr m` jdfùldfb qud ibfbidlbsiblb aìm y fbigd, `b gmid pmsmfab ad Bredftd m ldaeb aìm y ad` ldaeb aìm m Biieadftd, ad -

lbstrmfab qud ibf åstd lbveledftb sd eùlefm ̀ m eftdèhdfiem ad` gblnrd, smiífab`b ad ̀ m tdrren`dbnsiureama ad `m ehfbrmfiem, pbr btrm pmrtd `m dsiumarm qud jbrlmlbs ibf `bs peds rdprdsdftm d`sehfb ad `m dqueama, `m rmzùf y `m kusteiem, iblb iumèamads qud adnd pbsddr d` Lmsùf, `m dsium-arm ds `m huìm dln`dlíteim ad `m ibfiedfiem pbrqud fbs adnd gmidr rdibramr qud fudstrbs mitbssdríf sedlprd kuzhmabs pbr `m rmzùf y `m kusteiem.

@m lmrigm qud gmidlbs ds gmiem `m vdrama y sd adnd lmrimr ibf d` ped ezquedrab ym qudsd ibfseadrm iblb pmrtd aåne` ad fudstrms dxtrdleamads efjdrebrds, msì leslb fbs efaeim qud iumf-ab tdfdlbs qud tblmr ufm adieseùf b dlprdfadr uf prbyditb, ̀ b preldrb qud tdfdlbs qud gmidrds pdfsmr sdrdfmldftd y ibf im`lm, fb tblmr adiesebfds mrrdnmtmams, pdfsmr df `ms ibfsdiudf-iems ad fudstrbs mitbs, y msuler `m rdspbfsmneèama qud fbs ibrrdspbfam.

@m lmrigm ds dln`dlíteim ad `ms trds iumèamads qud sd `d dxehdf m` imfaeamtb pmrm sdrefeiemab, `ms ium`ds sbf; JTD^[M, ND@@D[M y IMFAB^ qud m su vdz selnbèzmf `ms trds åpbims ad `mveam ad` gblnrd, kuvdftua, vereèama y lmaurdz.

D` preldr pmsb rdprdsdftm m` fmieledftb, m` pdrebab ad dauimieùf efjmfte` df d` gbhmr, m`pdrebab ad efvdstehmieùf ad `ms imusms y djditbs qud amf brehdf m `bs jdfùldfbs fmturm`ds, d`sdhufab pmsb rdprdsdftm m `m veam, tedlpb df d` qud rdienelbs `m prdpmrmieùf lbrm`, jìseim d eftd-`ditum` qud fbs pdrletd mnrerfbs pmsb aurmftd fudstrm dxestdfiem, selnbèzm m `m åpbim df d` qudd` gblnrd trmtm ad adsiunrer `bs mrimfbs dsperetum`ds qud ibfauidf m `b smhrmab y `b aevefb, y d`tdridr pmsb qud selnbèzm `m ludrtd b lbldftb df d` qud gm fmèzmab ibf su leseùf df `m veam,rdprdsdftm m` lbldftb df qud d` gblnrd trmtm ad iblprdfadr `bs sdirdtbs qud dfiedrrm `m dtdrfe-

ama, aeigb ad btrm jbrlm, ‐@M EFLB^QM@EAMA“.

@m `ìfdm rditm qud sd adsirend df `m lmrigm adsad qud sd fmid m `m vertua vm aerditmldftd




xxxx@m lmrigm lmsùfeim

m su adstefb fm` y adfetevb, `m ludrtd, qud ds `b qud ibfauid m` gblnrd gmiem su vdramadrb bre-hdf.

Df ibfiùseùf, d` preldr pmsb selnbèzm d` mrabr ad` Mp.―. qud gmnrí qud trmnmkmr pmrm vdf -idr sus pmsebfds, su vmfeama y `mnrmr su pedarm df nrutb, d` sdhufab pmsb selnbèzm `m ibfidftrm -

ieùf ibf `m ium` d` Mprdfaez Lmsùf dsiuigm y mprdfad m pdrsdvdrmr df d` trmnmkb y fm`ldftd d`tdridr pmsb selnbèzm `m eftdèhdfiem ibf `m ium` d` Mp.―. vm m trmnmkmr m `b `mrhb ad su veam Lms.―.ibf d` f ad prdpmrmrsd tmftb ldftm`, dsperetum` y lbrm`ldftd.



9: ^dtm`ds ad Lmsbfdrìm

xxxx

D` gdigb.

²Sudad myuamrfbs m`huedf2 Dstmlbs eftdrdsmabs df ibfbidr iuí`dssbf ̀ ms aeldfsebfds madiumams (`mrhb, mfigb y m`turm ad ̀ m pmrtd tremfhu`mr)ad ̀ bs lmfae`ds, df dspdiem` ad` ad Mprdfaez. Sdrb, pbr jmvbr, madlís ad `msaeldfsebfds, iblp`dtdf, se ds pbsen`d, ibf `m judftd y/b mrhuldftbs qud`b kustequdf“. Mprbxelmamldftd, ibf dstms pm`mnrms, geielbs ufm mpd`m-ieùf m `m iblufeama lmsùfeim m trmvås ad eftdrfdt, efiùsevd m `bs Hrmfads;‐Hrmf Bredftd, Hrmf Biieadftd, Hrmf Ium`quedr Ibsm…“

Imse fb rdienelbs rdspudstms, df gbfbr m `m vdrama, ¡sb`b abs gdrlm-fbs lmfejdstmrbf su bpefeùf! Sbr rmzbfds lís qud bnvems, adnd dxester, y `birddlbs iedhmldftd, ufm fbrlm b pbr `b ldfbs ufm rdibldfamieùf efae-imfab ̀ bs ̀ ìletds pmrm imam aeldfseùf ad ̀ bs lmfae`ds? ad fb sdr msì pbarìmfdxester lmfae`ds adsad tepb ‐im`zbfie``b ad` mnud`b“ gmstm lmfae`ds tepb ‐ge`badftm`“ _>\

Sbr supudstb, d` nudf sdfteab elpbfd `ìletds, pdrb ²]uå ds d` nudf sdfteab2²]ueåf, b qud, elpbfd `ìletds m` ‐nudf sdfteab“2

Fudstrbs ènrbs mftehubs tmlpbib supedrbf amrfbs rdspudstm m `m prd-huftm… Sbr dkdlp`b; d` retum` ad Hrmab = ad` ̂ .¸. D.¸. M.¸. M.¸. _9\, pbr dkdlp`b,gmid ufm nrdvd ldfieùf m` msuftb, ètdrm`ldftd; ‐@m efsehfem ad Mprdfaezds uf lmfae` ad ped` n`mfim, iumarmfhu`mr, ad 3.94 x 3.13 il, ibf nmvdtmtremfhu`mr, sukdtb m `m iefturm pbr ibrabfds b ieftm ad sdam n`mfim, `m nmvd-tm dstmrí sedlprd `dvmftmam.

¡]uå i`mreama! Lís m``í ad fb gmidr mùseùf m`hufm m `ms ldaeams ad`

treífhu`b ad `m nmvdtm, `ms prdsdftmams dstíf ibf uf ¡drrbr ad ufeama! ²3.94 x 3.13 il2 ¡Fe uf pehldb rdieåf fmieab `b pbarìm usmr! ²]uå adlbfebs gmidb dstí gmiedfab d` Zdfdrmn`d Ib`dheb ad Lmdstrbs Efstm`mabs iblb ùrhmfbètûrheib ad ̀m Hrmf @bhem Lmsùfeim ad êb ad Kmfderb (Nrmse`) pmrm efsester ads-ad =554 df dstd drrbr2 ¡Zí`hmld Aebs! ¡]ud efiblpdtdfiem! ^diudrab quddstmlbs dsirenedfab dstb df d` û t̀elb lds ad >335 y rdpunèimfab df >3=1.²M`huedf fbs pudad adier d` pbrquå ad tm`ds ldaeams2

^diurrelbs m `m rda ad rdads, m `m ‐sdýbrm“ XDN, y pbib b imse fmamad uteèama puaelbs dfibftrmr; imam aerdiieùf rdvesmam drm ibpem ad btrbseteb y dstd ibpem ad btrbs? sef dlnmrhb, tbabs ibf luy pbib ibftdfeab.

¡Fudstrm iurebseama fb jud smiemam pmrm fmam! Mpdfms mèldftmam ibfrdspudstms dfvemams rípeamldftd pbr d` gdrlmfb ^bnsbf Nmrrbs Hrmfmab,ad `m @bhem Ytmfes`ms ad Humetm y irdmabr ad` sdlmfmreb d`ditrùfeib ‐JB@ -

@ms aeldfsebfds madiumams

pmrm `bs lmfae`ds (=ª pmrtd)_=\

Sbr d` Z.¸. G.¸. Mqueèfb ^. @dm`

Qrmauieab ad` Sbrtuhuås ad` Nrmse` pbr; Z.¸.G.¸. Lmreb @ùpdz

_=\ Fbtm;D` prdsdftd tdxtb, judrtd-ldftd lbaeimab pmrm

fudstrb prbpùsetb, judbrehefm`ldftd punèimabdf `ms daeiebfds >71, >74,>7: y >78, rdspditevm-ldftd =5 ad jdnrdrb, >:ad jdnrdrb, 34 ad lmrzby => ad lmrzb, tbams df>3==, ad` sdlmfmreb d`di-trùfeib JB@GM LMÈÑ-FEIM (jb`gmlmibfeimChlme`.ibl).

_>\ Fbtm;D` mutbr gmid ufm hrmiemiblpmrmfab `bs tmlm-ýbs dftrd `m rbpm eftdrebrad hrmf tmlmýb, df sueaeblm ‐smlnm-imfèéb‐ y `m ad tmlmýb lefûs-iu`b iblb d` tmfhm b ge`badftm`, df su eaeblm ‐badftm`“

_9\ Fbtm;Mprbnmab d` >7 ad mhbs-

tb ad =554, pbr d` dftbf-ids Hrmf Lmdstrb @uez[vdetdr (H@LD^K ’ êb adKmfderb - Nrmse`).

Lmtdlíteim df `m Lmsbfdrìm




xxxxLmtdlíteim df `m Lmsbfdrìm

GM LMÈÑFEIM“ y `m ad` gdrlmfb M`dxmfadrLmzb`è @esnbm, ad `m @bhem Je`gbs am @uz? ml-nms `bhems ad êb ad Kmfderb ’ Nrmse`.

Smrdidf i`mrms `ms aeldfsebfds su-

hdreams pbr d` abiuldftb qud d` gdrlmfbLmzb`è fbs gm dfvemab; 94 il x 13 il pmrmd` rditífhu`b ledftrms d` treífhu`b esùsid`ds,jbrlmabr ad ̀ m nmvdtm, tedfd ufm nmsd ad 13il (ym qud d` rditífhu`b tedfd 13 il ad mf-igb) y ufm m`turm ad =5 il sef nbram iumfabd` lmfae` ds n`mfib (mprdfaez y iblpmýdrb).

Tsmfab dstms ldaeams d`mnbrmlbs dìrbques ad `m hurm =, m dsim`m, ibf `ms rds-pditevms aeldfsebfds df idftìldtrbs (il)

ad miudrab ibf `b qud dftdfadlbs ad` ab-iuldftb rdieneab. Ds dveadftd qud sd trmtmad uf lmfae` ad preldr Hrmab iuyms aeldf-sebfds sbf ehum`ds m `ms prdibfezmams pbr d`êtum` qud ldfiebfmlbs m` ibledfzb df d`supudstb ad ibfseadrmr d` ldtrb (l) iblbufeama ad ldaeam y fb d` il iblb d` retumàeid drrùfdmldftd.

Smrtedfab ad dstm dstruiturm, y sdhûf fudstrbs prdidptbs, tdfdlbs efldaemtmldftd `m hu-rm > pmrm d` lmfae` ad Hrmab > (df `m leslm dsim`m qud d` irbques ad `m hurm = pmrm jmieètmr `miblpmrmieùf, dstmfab `ms aeldfsebfds tmlneåf df ib`br rbkb y dxprdsmams df il). Fbtd d` mlm-n`d `ditbr, df mlnbs imsbs, y df pmrteiu`mr df `m hurm >, iblb `m nmvdtm ds vesum`ldftd adsprb-pbriebfmam rdspdtb m` rditífhu`b. ^dm`ldftd fb mhrmam m `bs bkbs.

Gmstm mgbrm sef prbn`dlm... ²Sdrb quå pmsm ibf d` lmfae` ad Hrmab 92. Sbr `b qud dftdf -adlbs df d` abiuldftb, su mspditb fm` ds iblb d` lbstrmab df `m hurm 9 (ehum` dsim`m qud `msmftdrebrds) abfad `m nbram ad 4 il sd gm aenukmab df mzu`.




xxxx

U ²Aùfad dstí `m nbram supdrebr gbrezbftm`2 @msaeldfsebfds ad` iumarmab eftdrfb ldfiebfmab dfd` tdxtb (ib`br mlmre``b ad `m hurm 9) ds rdm`ldftduf rditífhu`b ad 93 il x >4 il y fb uf iumarmabad 93 il x 93 il iblb sd gm aeigb. @bs 4 il m

ldfbs sd adnd m `m br`m mzu` supdrebr.

Mfmèzmfab uf pbib lís adtm``mamldftdd` irbques ad ̀ m hurm 9 pbadlbs amrfbs iudftm ad

`m aestbrseùf ad` mfigb ad ̀ m br`m m ldaeam qud sd mprbxelm m` vårteidsupdrebr ad tremfhu`b qud jbrlm `m nmvdtm.

Tfm vdz qud `m nbram efjdrebr, pbr adfeieùf, prdsdftm uf mfigb ad 4 il ds elpbse-n`d, lmtdlíteimldftd, `m ibfibramfiem dftrd dstm y `m ad` treífhu`b ad `m nmvdtm sef `m aestbrseùfsdým`mam. @m hurm 1 ludstrm dstb ibf adtm``d, dstd aesdýb sd prdsdftm ibf `ms ldaeams ad` ab -iuldftb madlís ad dstmr df `m leslm dsim`m qud `bs irbques mftdrebrds. @m aejdrdfiem ad :.4 il

dftrd `ms abs m`turms ad `bs treífhu`bs rditífhu`bs, dxtdrfb d eftdrfb, jud ibrrditmldftd imìu`mampmrm ufm nbram ad 4 il iblb vdrdlbs lís mad`mftd.

Smrm iblprbnmr lmtdlíteimldftd fudstrm mrlmieùf ibfseadrdlbs `m hurm 4, abfad `mnbram sd prdsdftm ad jbrlm ‐gblbhåfdm“ (mfigb ibfstmftd) ibf d` mfigb suhdreab ad 4 il?`m eadm ds adtdrlefmr `bs vm`brds ad x d y pmrm dstm setumieùf rdibradlbs qud df d` abiuldftbrdieneab x vm`d :.4 il.

Df dstm hurm, g ds `m m`turm ad` treífhu`b rditífhu`b df ib`br mlmre``b, eftdrfb, pudad imìu-`mrsd m trmvås ad `m sehuedftd dxprdseùf g < (n.i)/m, abfad n y i sbf `ms ldaeams ad `bs imtdtbs aduf treífhu`b rditífhu`b y m su gepbtdfusm. Smrm d` imsb qud dstmlbs trmtmfab;

Smrm adtdrlefmr d` vm`br ad x y ad y, gepbtdfusms ad imam ufb ad `bs pdqudýbs treífhu`bs rditíf-hu`bs df ib`br mzu`, gmrdlbs usb ad su sdldkmfzm ibf `bs rdspditevbs treífhu`bs df ib`br mlmre``b

iuyb imtdtb g ds iblûf m mlnbs (hurm 4). Sbr`b tmftb;

? ds adier, x < :.4= il?

Dstd vm`br msì imìu`mab ibefiead p`dfmldftd ibf `b dstmn`dieab df d` abiuldftb rdieneab.Ad lbab sdldkmftd pbadlbs dsirener

, ds adier; y < 8,7= il.





xxxx

Sbr tmftb pmrm qud `m nbram ad `m nmvdtm sd lmftdfhm df 4il y ‗gblbhåfdm― ds fdidsmreb qud d` treífhu`b dxtdrfb, iblb sdietm df d` abiuldftb, tdfhm ufm m`turm ad =5,3= il (=>,4 + :,4=),ibgdrdftd ibf `b ym dxpudstb, y nmsd ad 14,:> il _>x(=4+8,7=)\ dfvdz ad ̀ bs 13 il _>x(=4+4)\ prdibfezmabs pbr d` abiuldftb rdieneab.

Jìkdsd qud y ds lmybr qud d` mfigb ad` nbrad adsiretb pmrm d`rditífhu`b ad` lmfae` 4 il.), sedfab elpbsen`d qud `m pmrtd supdrebrd efjdrebr pudamf ibefieaer. Smrm qud dsb suidam ds fdidsmreb aesle-fuer d` mfigb ad `m br`m ad` treífhu`b b muldftmr `m ad` rditífhu`b,df dstd û`telb imsb tdfarìmlbs qud ibfseadrmr d` vm`br ad y, ds adier,8,7= il.

Ye prebrezmlbs d` mfigb ad` nbrad ad` lmfae` df 4 il, d` fudvb treífhu`b jbrlmabr ad `m nm-vdtm ad `m vdsteldftm tedfd qud pbsddr `ms aeldfsebfds sdým`mams df `m hurm :, judrm ad dsim`m,`b ium` pudad sdr jíie`ldftd iblprbnmab ibf `m ùz mrrbkmam pbr `ms dxpèimiebfds supdrebrds. Ad

gdigb;

Zm`br ldfbr qud d` efaeimab df d` abiuldftb (:,4=), pmsmfab ad sdr mprbxelmamldftd=:,8 il (=>,4 + 1,>) `m m`turm ad` treífhu`b dxtdrfb df vdz ad `bs =5 il dstmn`dieabs. Df dstm setum-ieùf d` mfigb n ad` fudvb nbrad fb sdrí ym 4 il y se 9,> il ad miudrab m `m diumieùf efjdrebr;

Ibfrlífabsd msì qud d` mfigb ad` fudvb nbrad ad `m nmvdtm ad 9,> il pdrletd `m ibf-ibramfiem ibf d` mfigb ad` nbrad efjdrebr (4 il).@bs rdsu`tmabs qud gdlbs bntdfeab fbs ``dvmf m `m dstruiturm ad `m hurm 8, m dsim`m, pmrm d` lmf-ae`? ibf tbam sdhureama luigb lís mrlbfebsb qud `m dstruiturm ad `m hurm 9.

@ms aeldfsebfds qud fbs prbpbriebfm d` ‐Gdrlmfb“ ^bnsbf `ms ibfsehueù leaedfab su lmf-ae`, tbab n`mfib, ¡muf df su pbadr! @m hurm 7, m dsim`m, pbsdd `msldaeams iblufeimams pbr d` Gdrlmfb ̂ bnsbf…pdrb sef kusteim-

ieùf m`hufm ad pbrqud sbf dsms… ²pbr quå lbtevb judrbf dsms2

Adtdrlefmab ùhmr df eftdrfdt efjbrlmnm qud `ms aeldf-sebfds ad` lmfae` ad iedrtm pdrsbfmèama pb`ìteim drm ad =1 pbr =:pu`hmams? ibfseadrmfab qud ufm pu`hmam dquevm`d m >,41 idf-tìldtrbs, dsd lmfae` ldaerìm 13,:3 pbr 94,4: idftìldtrbs (mfigbpbr m`tb). Df iumftb m` tdlm ad `m nmvdtm, `m m`turm ad` treífhu`bqud jbrlm, fb fbs jud iblufeimab fmam pbr `b qud `m geielbsprbpbriebfm` m `m aeldfseùf qud d` Gdrlmfb ^bnsbf fbs gmnìmamab? prbidaedfab msì bntuvelbs `m jbrlm ad `m hurm 5 pmrm ae-igb lbad`b ad lmfae`. Adndlbs iblufeimr m` `ditbr qud tbams

`ms hurms lbstrmams gmstm mgbrm judrbf rdmèzmams ibf `m leslmdsim`m pbseneètmfab msì iblpmrmiebfds dftrd d``ms ledftrms qud`bs ib`brds sbf ldrmldftd eùstrmtevbs.






D` `ditbr gmnrí pdrieneab qud df mlnbs imsbs, `m nmvdtm ds mprbxelmam-ldftd ehum` m `m letma ad `m m`turm ad` lmfae`

Df btrb seteb ad` HBN _1\, se fb dstmlbs dfhmýmabs, rdibldfamnmf

`ms ldaeams sehuedftds; 13 il pbr 93 il y ufm m`turm ad =4 il pmrm d` treíf-hu`b qud jbrlm `m nmvdtm, df dstd imsb, `m m`turm ds dxmitmldftd `m letmaad` m`tb ad` lmfae` (våmsd `m hurm =3)

M preldrm vestm, dstm û`telm vdrseùf, hurm =3, fbs pmrdid lís mrlb-febsm qud `ms abs mftdrebrds. Df rdmèama, `ms aeldfsebfds ad` lmfae`, df dstdimsb, sbf aerditmldftd prbpbriebfm`ds m` ldfbr rditífhu`b ad Setíhbrmspreletevb (b ad aeldfsebfds; 9, 1, 4, våmsd `m hurm ==, rdspditevmldftd, im -tdtb, imtdtb d gepbtdfusm)_4\ , df d` imsb qud fbs biupm lu`tepèimab pbr=3x _9, 1, 4\.

Qm` vmredama ad ldaeams, iedrtmldftd ibf `m musdfiem ad uf ibfkuftb ad ldaeams pmtrùfezmab df `ms mvdrehumiebfds rdmèzmams, ibf `m èle-tmaìselm nenèbtdim qud pbsddlbs y, `b pdbr, mftd `m jm`tm ad ib`mnbrmieùfad mqud``bs qud fb mtdfaedrbf fudstrm ̀ `mlmam ad myuam? vdlbs ̀ m dxestdf-iem ad uf sefjìf ad irdmiebfds pbr pmrtd ad `bs jmnreimftds y/b ibsturdrms.Suaedfab imam ufb/m amr m`ms m `m elmhefmieùf y bradfmr ibfjdiiebfmrlmfae`ds dsarûku`bs, tm` vdz ‐aejdrdftds“ b ‐efjmlds“ pdrb qud fmaed pbaríireteimr, m fb sdr d` nudf kueieb iumfab sdm ibf nudf kueieb. Ds ufm `ístelm…

Fbsbtrbs ibftefumlbs efvdstehmfab; ²gmstmiuífab2U, d` prùxelb lds, d` rdstb ad dstm eftdrdsmftddftrmam

_1\ Fbtm;HBN < Hrmf Bredftd adNrmse`

_4\ Fbtm;Lís m``í ad dstd imsb,pbadlbs ietmr ̀bs sehuedf-tds treífhu`bs rditífhu`bsad Setíhbrms preletevbs;_4, =>, =9\ ’ _7, =4, =8\ ’ _8,>1, >4\ ’ _>3, >4, >5\, dti.Bnsdrvd qud tbabs sbffûldrbs dftdrbs.





Ybnrd d` mutbr

D` Z.¸.G.¸. Mqueèfb ^dm` ds breufab ad Dspmým ([mlbrm), pdrb rdsead df Nrmse` (@elm Aumrtd ‑Lefms Hdrmes) adsad aeiedlnrd ad =54>. Efhdfedrb d`ditreiestm y prbjdsbr ufevdrsetmreb, sd dfiudftrm kune`mab.

Jud efeiemab df `m Lmsbfdrìm d` 39 ad Ydptedlnrd ad =58:, d`dvmab m` hrmab iblpmýdrb d`>7 ad Mnre` ad=587 y dxm`tmab m Lmdstrb d` >9 ad Lmrzb ad =585.D` 34 ad Kuèb ad =577 biupù d` imrhb ad Zdfdrmn`d Lmdstrb.

D` Z.¸. G.¸. Mqueèfb ^dm` jud jufamabr ad `ms `bhems Ydptdl Jrmtdres 54 (^ìb ad Kmfderb) d`=3/37/=579 y Ytmfes`ms ad Humetm =:4 (^ìb ad Kmfderb) d` >3/3:/>33:. Mlnms trmnmkmfab df d` ^DMM

Sudadf ibftmitmr`d pbr ldaeb ad su d-lme`; mqueèfb`dm`Cr8.ibl




xxxx

FMAE^

Sm`mnrm írmnd qud sehfeim ‐bpudstb― y dsd` puftb id`dstd qud sd gm``m aemldtrm`ldf-td bpudstb m` idfet. D` idfet ds d` puftb ad `b

effetb, ad `m ibfiedfiem ad `b aevefb? d` fm-aer df imlneb ds d` puftb ad `m lmtdrem lísadfsm, `m vìm ad `m lmtdremèzmieùf y ad `mibfidptumèzmieùf. D` idfet pudad msbiemr -sd m` ied`b y d` Fmaer m `m Qedrrm, m` sunsud`b.

FDÙJEQB

Sm`mnrm ad` hredhb fdbpgutbs (fdbs< fud-vb? pgydef< gmidr irdidr, dfhdfarmr), pbr `b

qud sd rddrd m` qud mimnm ad dftrmr df d`dsbtdreslb, d` qud gm seab midptmab df `mefeiemieùf. Df `m Lmsbfdrìm, aurmftd d` retumàd efeiemieùf, sd ``mlm fdùtb m` imfaeamtbqud gmnedfab rdfmieab y irdieab, dspdrmsdr ibfsmhrmab d efstrueab iblb lmsùf.

@@MLM^.

D` mitb ad hb`pdmr `ms pudrtms ad` tdlp`bpmrm sbèietmr `m dftrmam df `m `bhem gm adgmidrsd retum`ldftd se `bs trmnmkbs dstífmnedrtbs adftrb ad `m leslm. @m ``mlmam re-tum` gm ad gmidrsd ibf d` fûldrb ad hb`pdsibrrdspbfaedftd m` hrmab df qud sd dståtrmnmkmfab, ad jbrlm rdhu`mr. Sudstb qudfb pudad eftdrrulpersd d` usb ad `m pm`mnrmad uf gdrlmfb, d` Humram Qdlp`b eftdrfbamrí uf hb`pd df sdým` ad; tu ``mlmam gmseab pdrieneam, dspdrm pmiedftdldftd mqud `m ieriu`mieùf ad `m pm`mnrm pmrd. y sd

td smàrí m nusimr.

[MNT@ÙF

Jbrlm hredhm ad` gdnrdb [dnuùl (qud dsiblb sd dfiudftrm hdfdrm`ldftd dsiretbdstd fblnrd df `bs retum`ds lmsùfeibs) qudsd trmauid pbr lbrmam, gmnetmieùf; gekb ad`

pmtremrim Kmibn, sdstb ad su lukdr @dm yaåielb df d` bradf ad` fmieledftb. Fmamad pmrteiu`mr fbs rddrd Lbesås midrim adsu veam. Iumfab Kmibn sd trms`maù m Dheptbibf su jmleèm, [mnu`ùf tdfem trds gekbs, Ydrda,D`bf y Kmg`dd`. Dstd pdrsbfmkd ds ufb ad `msprefiepm`ds hurms ad` hrmab nìnèib ad ^dm`mrib, =9.³ ad` êtb ``mlmab Dsibiås mftehuby midptmab. Df `bs Ib`dhebs ad dstd hrmab,sd gm``m rdprdsdftmab pbr d` …….. y ds ufmad `ms pm`mnrms ad ……. qud sd prbfufiemf kuftb ibf d` tbqud ad dstd hrmab.Dstd fblnrd vmrìm df luigbs retum`ds, df`bs qud sd dfiudftrm Kmnuùl, KbgmnuùlKenuùl, Kend`ùl, Igenu`ùl, dti., dti. M`hu-fbs Lmsbfds gmidf adrevmr dstbs fblnrdsad Kbnd`, pdrb ds efauamn`d y msì bpefmfluigbs druaetbs retumèstms, qud adnd adier -sd [mnu`bf.Ds pm`mnrm ad pmsd ad iedrtbs hrmabs `bsù-ibs df d` ^.¸.D.¸.M.¸.M.¸.

[BAEMIB

Tfb ad `bs iìriu`bs líxelbs qud ibfsead-rmf `bs mstrùfblbs df `m dsjdrm df jbrlm adnmfam ad abid hrmabs ad mfigm, sdhûf`bs mftehubs y ad aedz y sdes sdhûf `bs lb-adrfbs? y ds d` imlefb y dspmieb qud mfamf`bs p`mfdtms ibf su iursb fmturm` y prbpebad Sbfedftd m Bredftd, ym rdterífabsd y ym

midriífabsd m `m dquefbiiem` ù diumabr, mìum` ibrtm bnèiumldftd, jbrlmfab uf íf-hu`b ad vdeftd y trds hrmabs y ldaeb, qud ds

AEIIEBFMÊBLMYÙFEIB

Dxtrmìab ad `bs aeiiebfmrebs aespbfen`ds df dÌdftrb ad ^diursbs Aehetm`ds ad `m H@D

AEIIEBFMÊB LMYÙFEIB




xxxx

d` qud aestmf ̀bs iìriu`bs sb`steiem`ds ad aeigbdiumabr.Yd sunaevead df abid pmrtds ehum`ds, qud ``m-lmf imsms, ibfstmfab imam ufm ad trdeftmhrmabs, y df d``ms dstíf `bs sehfbs. @m di`ìpte-

im ̀b aevead m ̀b `mrhb pbr ̀m letma, qudamf-ab `bs sdes û bigb hrmabs gmiem uf pb`b, y `bsbtrbs sdes û bigb gmiem d` btrb. Qmlneåf sd`d aevead df iumtrb pmrtds ehum`ds, aífabsdtrds sehfbs m imam ufm pbr `m aejdrdfiem ad`ms. dstmiebfds ad` mýb. @m letma ad` [baem-ib pdrtdfdid m `m pmrttd sdptdftrebfm` ad `mdsjdrm y `m btrm letma m `m ldreaebfm`.

Idftrb ad ^diursbs Aehetm`ds

Hrmf @bhem ad Dspmýmgttp;//www.h`d-ira.ibl

Aeiiebfmreb Lmsùfeib AEIIEBFM^EB LMYÙFEIB




xxxx

Qåifeims ûte`ds pmrm lmtmr `m Lmsbfdrìm _=\

Sbr d` Z.¸. G.¸. Mqueèfb ^. @dm` _>\

Qrmauieab ad` Sbrtuhuås ad` Nrmse` pbr; Z.¸.G.¸. Lmreb @ùpdz

• Fb pmrteiepd y luigb ldfbs simèid `bs mibftdieledftbs ad suBndaedfiem (Sbtdfiem).

• Fb `dm ibf mtdfieùf `ms Mitms, Adirdtbs, Nb`dtìf Biem` d Efjbrlm-

tevb ad `m Bndaedfiem.• Tsd sedlprd `m dxprdseùf ‐Qb`drmfiem“ b ‐Jrmtdrfeama“ pmrm kuste-imr tus blesebfds.

• Ydm vmfeabsb, midptd imrhbs df su Bndaedfiem b adlís Sbadrds,pbr vmfeama pdrsbfm`.

• Fb ib`mnbrd ibf su Bndaedfiem y adlís Sbadrds, adkmfab addfvemr suhdrdfiems, irìteims b d`bhebs df `bs miedrtbs.

• Qdfhm sedlprd ledab ad dxprdsmr sus bpefebfds b pdfsmledftbs,pmrm fb dfjmamrsd ibf btrbs gdrlmfbs.

• Fb pmrteiepd ad ibfhrdsbs, sdsebfds ad btrms @bhems, pm`dstrms, efe-iemiebfds, d`dvmiebfds, dxm`tmiebfds b dfiudftrbs lmsùfeibs.

• Sedfsd y addfam qud `m Lmsbfdrìm ds sb`b dstm, ndneams y ible-am? adkmfab ad `mab `bs bnkdtevbs rdm`ds ad `m Bradf.

• Fb midptd imrhbs df su @bhem. ^diudrad qud ds lís sdfie``b irete-imr qud rdmèzmr.

• Ibftefûd pdfsmfab qud `m Lmsbfdrìm sb`b ds retum`ìsteim y qud d`rdstb fb tedfd `m ldfbr elpbrtmfiem.

• Fb dstuaed `m @dhes`mieùf Lmsùfeim, puds fb tedfd ̀m ldfbr elpbr -tmfiem.

• Fb ibfbzim `bs ^dh`mldftbs Eftdrfbs ad `bs Sbadrds ad su Bnd-aedfiem.

• Fb jrdiudftd `m Bradf, pdrb iumfab miuam m tdfeams nusqudm`hb pmrm rdi`mlmr. Dfiudftrd jm``bs df d` trmnmkb ad quedf dstíùigmfab pbr `m Bradf.

• Ye `d peadf su bpefeùf sbnrd uf msuftb ium`quedrm rdspbfam qud fbtedfd fmam qud adier. Adspuås aejufam iblb gmnrìm qud gmidr `msibsms.

• Fb `dm `bs pdreùaeibs sbnrd `m Lmsbfdrìm. Mrld adspuås qud fbpunèimf fmam eftdrdsmftd y, ldkbr mûf, aehm qud fb `bs rdiendrdhu`mrldftd

• Fb adfufied errdhu`mreama m` Lefestdreb Sûnèib Lmsùfeib, y luigb

ldfbs iudstebfd m `ms mutbreamads, midptd tbab ibf luigm fm-turmèama.

• Sedfsd qud `m Lmsbfdrìm ibfsdhuerí d` rdspdtb ad ̀m sbiedama ele-

_=\ Fbtm;D` prdsdftd tdxtb, èhdrm-ldftd lbaeimab, jud bre-hefm`ldftd punèimab df `mdaeieùf 974, >: ad Dfdrb ad>3=9 ad` sdlmfmreb d`ditrù-feib JB@GM LMÈÑFEIM (jb`-

gmlmibfeimChlme`.ibl ),ibf d` tìtu`b ‐Qåifeims ûtdespmrm lmtmr m Lmèñfmrem“.

_>\ Fbtm;Mutbr tmlneåf ad ̀m sdiieùf‐Lmtdlíteim df ̀m lmsbfd-rìm“ y ad ̀m sdiieùf ad pmsm-tedlpbs.

Sb`åleims pmrm ènrdpdfsmabrds




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tmfab iùns ad sdrveieb sbiem` iblb `bs @dbfds y ^btmrebs, b`veamfab qud dxestd ufmaejdrdfiem sustmfiem` dftrd d``bs y `m Lmsbfdrìm.

• Ibftefûd pdfsmfab qud d` jbrtm`dieledftb ad ̀m Lmsbfdrìm tedfd iblb pedarm i`mvd dìmptmr prbjmfbs, b`veamfab qud `m Lmsbfdrìm sb`b rdtblmrí su ùhmr ad aehfeama df `mgestbrem gulmfm df rmzùf m` iblpbrtmledftb ad sus ledlnrbs df `ms hrmfads imusmsad` lufab.

• Fb sd prdbiupd ibf ̀m Lmsbfdrìm df d` prdsdftd y luigb ldfbs df d` juturb, ibftefûdvevedfab ad `m gestbrem lmsùfeim, ad `bs hrmfads mibftdieledftbs ad` pmsmab.

• Iumfab gmym ufm vbtmieùf elpbrtmftd df su @bhem b df ̀ms Msmln`dms, se ustda fb ted-fd bpefeùf jbrlmam b fb smnd quå adlbfebs sd dstí vbtmfab, fb sd prdbiupd, lerd adrdbkb m `bs `mabs y ‐vbtd ibf `m lmybrìm“.

• Ibftefûd dspdrmfab qud btrbs gdrlmfbs gmhmf mqud``b qud ustda adndrìm gmidr.• Ibftefûd sedfab uf ‐S^BJMFB IBF LMFAE@“, y fb uf ‐LMYBF AD ZDÂMA“.• Jefm`ldftd b`vead fudstrb YTN@ELD KT^MLDFQB LMYBFEIB y iumfab `m Bradf ludrm

``dfd su pdigb y mrld ibf brhu``b; ²FB BY @B AEKD2

‐Ds ldkbr mrredshmr ibsms hrmfaebsms, mìmfzmr treufjbs y h`brems,efiùsb dxpbfeåfabsd m `m adrrbtm, qud jbrlmr `ms ibf `bs pbnrds ad dspìretu

qud fe hbzmf luigb, fe sujrdf luigb?pbrqud vevdf df dsm pdfulnrm idfeiedftm qud fb ibfbid fe `m veitbrem fe `m adrrbtm“

(Qgdbabrd ̂ bbsdvd`t)

Srùxelb fûldrb; Mfhd`ds ad `m humraem ’ Tfm gestbrem vdramadrm... ²vdramadrm2

²Gm rddxebfmab sbnrd d` tdxtb2 ²]uedrd amr m ibfbidr su ibfiùseùf2 ²]uedrd vdr`m punèimam2

Dfvìd`m m; rdtm`dsadlmsbfdremChlme`.ibl

Sb`åleims pmrm ènrdpdfsmabrds



1: ^dtm`ds ad Lmsbfdrìm

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²]uå gezù Jeèpd, Auqud ad Xgmrtbf df Lmarea d` =4 ad Jdnrdrb ad =8>72

Ye ustda smnd `m rdspudstm fb adkd ad dfvemr`m y `m punèimrdlbs df d` sehuedftd fûldrb.Dsirenm m rdtm`dsadlmsbfdremChlme`.ibl

^dspudstm m` fûldrb mftdrebr

^dspudstm m` fûldrb mftdrebr D` > ad bitunrd ad =773 ads`mrbf ufbs 5333 lmsbfds pbr`m Hrmf Mvdfeam ad Fdw Ubro mabrfmabs ibf sus vdsteldftms ²Sbr quå rmzùf2

Smrm `m idrdlbfem ad efstm`mieùf, df `m ieuama ad Fdw Ubro, ad `m pedarm jufam-ldftm` ad `m efstm`mieùf ad ufb ad `bs bndèsibs qud mabrfmnmf brehefm`ldftd `m dftrmamm` Qdlp`b ad Gdèbpbès df `m ieuama nìnèim ad Bf, Dheptb, abfad sd supbfd qud fmieùLbesås, sd efvetù m `m Hrmf @bhem ad Fdw Ubro pmrm qud prdseaedsd d` dvdftb ym qud m` rd-lbvdr`b ad su nmsd sd dfibftrmrbf sìlnb`bs y imrmitdrds qud drmf sele`mrds m `bs lmsùfe-ibs. Dsd bndèsib ds d` jmlbsb bndèsib qud pudad vdrsd df Xmsgeftbfh. Df `m idrdlbfemads`mrbf ibf sus vdsteldftms lmsùfeims imse 5333 lmsbfds pbr `m ]ueftm Mvdfeam.

FBQM; @m lmybrìm ad `ms prdhuftms ad dstm sdiieùf sd nmsmf df d` ènrb ‐Irbfb`bhìm lmsùfeim“ad` Z.¸. G.¸. Dtged` Blmr Imrtds.gttp;//www.jrddlmsbfs-jrddlmsbfry.ibl/irbfb`bhemRlmèbfeim.gtl`

S^DHTFQMY AD LMYBFD^ÌM

[bfm ad rd`mx




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JBQBY U ABITLDFQBY MFQEHTBY

[bfm ad rd`mx

Qdlp`b Lmsùfeib df Ybutg Mjreim, Oelndr`dy =755




xxxx[bfm ad rd`mx - Smsmtedlpbs

YBSM AD @DQ^MY Efeiemrdlbs dstm sdred ad adsmjìbs ibf ufmi`íseim Ybpm ad @dtrms? uf pmsmtedlpb qud ibf-sestd df dfibftrmr pm`mnrms df ldaeb ad uf df-

lmrmýmab ad `dtrms. Qm`ds pm`mnrms pudadf dstmraespudstms df pbseieùf gbrezbftm`, vdrteim` b aemhb-fm`, dsiretms m` adrdigb b m` rdvås, pbr dkdlp`b `mpm`mnrm MLB^ pudad mpmrdidr iblb ^BLM.

Df dstd preldrb tdfdlbs => (abid) pm`mnrmsb jrmsds qud dfibftrmr? uf fûldrb imnm`ìsteib pmrm`bs Lmsbfds. Mquì `ms tdfdlbs df bradf m`jmnåteibirdiedftd, (tbams `ms pm`mnrms adndf dfibftrmrsdtm` iblb sbf dsiretms, sef dspmieb m`hufb ad sd-

pmrmieùf dftrd `ms aejdrdftds pm`mnrms se dstms sbfabn`ds b trep`ds). Mquì `d adkmlbs `ms pm`mnrms (jrm-sds m nusimr) ²jm`tm m`hufm df `m sbpm ad `dtrms2²smnd iuí`2 ²pbr quå pudad qud jm`td2. Dsirenmm rdtm`dsadlmsbfdremChlme`.ibl y pun`eimrdlbs`ms rdspudstms lís brehefm`ds

MS^DFAE[ IBLSM‖ D^B LMYBFSD^JDIQB LMDYQ^B B^MAB^

SM@MN^MADSMYD SEDA^MN^TQM SEDA^MST@EAM ^DQDKD YMFKTMF QDLS@B Q^BFB




xxxx[bfm ad rd`mx - Smsmtedlpbs

^M[BFMLEDFQB

Tfm sdým` dstí jbrlmam pbr =3 iumarmabs ad ib`brds y mpuftm gmiem `m adrdigm tm`y iblb pudad vdr df `m hurm efjdrebr. Imlnemfab sb`b ad pbseieùf trds ad `bs iumarmabs²ds ustda impmz ad gmidr`m mpuftmr gmiem `m ezquedram2

¡Ybibrrb! Srdiesmlbs su myuam, aìhmfbs iùlb aeveaer df pmrtds ehum`ds `ms 4 pmtmtms

adsehum`ds, mnmkb lbstrmams, dftrd 9 pdrsbfms.

Qbams `ms rdspudstms/sbùiebfds ad `bs pmsmtedlpbs, kuftb ibf sus rdspditevbs dfufiemabspmrm rdjrdsimr `m ldftd ad` `ditbr, sdríf punèimams df `m prùxelm daeieùf. Ledftrms tmftb,

se quedrd dfvemrfbs su rdspudstm m `bs adsmjìbs dstmrdlbs ibftdftbs ad rdiener`ms ypunèimr `ms lís brehefm`ds

rdtm`dsadlmsbfdremChlme`.ibl




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rdtm dsadlmsbfdremChlme .ibl

Retales Masonería 35 - Marzo 2014

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