Presentation by Fujino

8/6/2019 Presentation by Fujino

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Energy Challenge after Historic

Earthquake and Tsunami in

Japan

Shinji FUJINO

Head of Country Studies Division

International Energy Agency(IEA)


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TOKYO

Earthquakes:

M - 9.0 quake (March 11)

M - 7 class 5 times

M - 6 class 63 times

M - 5 class 335 times

Tsunamis

14 meters or higher

Fukushima Dai-ichi

Faces

Japan Faces an Unprecedented Challenge

Japan Faces an Unprecedented Challenge


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automatic

shut down

cold

shut down

Unit 1 524 MW, 1984-

Unit 2 825 MW, 1995-

Unit 3 825 MW, 2002-

Unit 1 460 MW, 1971-

Unit 2 784 MW, 1974-

Unit 3 784 MW, 1976-

Unit 4 784 MW, 1978-

Unit 5 784 MW, 1978-

Unit 6 1,100 MW, 1979-

Unit 1 1,100 MW, 1982-Unit 2 1,100 MW, 1984-

Unit 3 1,100 MW, 1985-

Unit 4 1,100 MW, 1987-

Unit 1 1,100 MW, 1978-

Tokai Dai-ni

Onagawa

Fukushima Dai-ichi

Fukushima Dai-ni

4 Nuclear Power Stations with 14 Units

Periodical

inspection

Nuclear Reactors near Epicenter of the Earthquake


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Cause of the Damage

All Motion Operated Pumps including

ECCS became InoperableSeawater Pum

Elevation:

about 10m

Turbine

Building

Grid Line

Diesel Generator Inoperabledue to the Tsunami

Diesel Generator

Loss of Off-site Powerdue to the Earthquake

Reactor

Building

Seawater level

Tsunami (estimated 14m)About

20M

About

40M

Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station

5.4 ~5.7m


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LOST GENERATION

(in MW) NuclearThermal

TotalLNG Oil Coal Total

TEPCO 6 428 1 000 5 150 1 000 7 150 13 578

JAPC 1 100 - - - - 1 100

Tohoku

EPCO2 174 446 850 1 000 2 296 4 470

Total 9 702(9.7GW)

1 446 6 000 2 000 9 446(9.4GW)

19 148(19.1GW)

14 March 2011


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Power Generation and Transmission

OECD/IEA 2011


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Transmission Interconnectors

OECD/IEA 2011


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Impact on Energy Supply/Demand in JapanImpact on Energy Supply/Demand in Japan


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Power Supply/Demand Plan

Announced by Government of Japan (8 April)

Measures to respond to power shortage inthis summer

- Estimated peak demand in TEPCO region55GW

- Available supply capacity by TEPCO45GW


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Demand Side MeasuresPeak demand cut: 10GW in TEPCO region

Large consumers (> 500kW): 25% (mandatory) Further improving efficiency in manufacturing

process

Installing more energy efficientmachines/equipments

Shifting/shortening working time Shifting/extending summer holidays etc


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Smaller Businesses (< 500kW): 20% (voluntary

measures) Decreasing cooling

Reducing lighting Reducing IT equipment

Temperature appropriate clothing etc

Households: 15 20 % (Voluntary measures)

Decreasing cooling

Reducing stand-by power

Reducing lighting

Installing more efficient appliances etc


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Supply Side Measures

By summer 2011

Additional capacity: 5GW in TEPCO region

After summer 2011

Continue to restore damaged thermal capacities

Additional new thermal capacities

Accelerate existing plans

Smaller size gas turbines

Strengthen interregional connections Renewable power capacity

Low carbon technology R&D etc.


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25 Energy Efficiency Recommendations

How did implementation compare across member countriesin 2009 ?

OECD/IEA 2011


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Energy Intensity in Japan and in Other

Selected IEA Member Countries

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

1973 1978 1983 1988 1993 1998 2003 2008

Australia

Canada

France

Germany

Italy

Japan

United Kingdom

United States

IEA Total

toe per thousand USD of GDP at 2000 prices and purchase power parities

OECD/IEA 2011


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Energy Supply and Electricity Generation, 2009

Coal

27%

Oil9%

Gas

27%

Nuclear

27%

Hydro

7%

Other

renewable

3%

Coal22%

Oil

43%

Gas

17%

Nuclear

15%

Hydro

1%

Other

renewable

2%

Total Primary Energy Supply

472 Mtoe

Total Electricity Generation

1041 TWh

OECD/IEA 2011


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IEA Member Countries LNG Imports

OECD/IEA 2011


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LNG Imports by Japan

Source: IEA

20002010

In 2000, LNG imported from 8 countries but now from 15

countries-twice as diversified in search for better deals

New Exporters: Russia, Nigeria, Egypt OECD/IEA 2011


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Renewable Energy

Percentage of Total Primary Energy Supply, 2009

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

Biofuels and

waste

Solar

Geothermal

Wind

Hydro

OECD/IEA 2011


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Energy Plan of Japan

Energy Security

Double energy self-sufficiency ratio by 2030 (18% in2009)

Environmental sustainability

CO2 emission reduction: 25% below 1990 levels by

2020 Zero emission power generation (nuclear and

renewables): 50% by 2020, 70% by 2030 (34% in

2009)- Nuclear: 9 additional units by 2020

14 additional units by 2030

- Renewables: 10% TPES by 2020 (3.5% in 2009)


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Tourism

1. http://www.mlit.go.jp/kankocho/en/index.html

Information Dissemination by Government of Japan

Presentation by Fujino

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