Presentacion en Ingles Cap 6

8/9/2019 Presentacion en Ingles Cap 6

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A code of electricity has thefunction to protect people from

hidden hazards which may be

exposed by wiring or other work.



Codes tend to be created by central authorities or groups of experts. Then depends

on local authorities accept them as law or not.



Electricity codes aim to protect people and their property emerging hazards from the use of electricity. Electricity codes are trying to provide:

• Protection against electric shock.



• Protection against power

failures.

• Protection from heat effects of

electric current.



• Protection against the current envelope.

• The surge protection .



Standards are sets of rules or procedures for

widespread use, serve as a model of

excellence or measure.



(SCS) structured cable system. Provides the following architecture:

Standardized descriptions of media and

configuration cable backbone and

horizontal.

Standards for the physical connection

from the computer connection interfaces.



Open architecture supports teams and many vendors PCs, among other

common systems equipment applications.

Tested components that minimize the risk of

incompatibility.



Lower maintenance costs.

Minimizes the risk of incompatibility.

Specific training and certification.



Standards are technical specifications to ensure that products

and services meet its purpose.

Networking and computer industry, these

standards may be specific to the provider.



Organization International for

Standardization (ISO), conducted aninvestigation of various types of

networks, and created a so-called

network of seven layers model: OSI

reference model.



The reference OSI (open systems interconnection) model was designed to

ensure the compatibility and interoperability between different types of

network technologies.



IBM and AT & T standards had a

profound effect on the cable industry.

Amps, Anixter and Mod-Tap, market

and sell specific cabling systems teams

structured, Anixter, sets electrical

standards of good performance, for

twisted pair wiring.



Standards are developed by international standards

organizations address to try to reach some form of

universal standard.

At the national level on a

voluntary basis one or more

"code" can be taken as the

electrical code, the building codeor fire code.



ISO is an international organization composed of national organizations for

Standardization of more than 140 countries. The American National Institute of

standards (ANSI), is a member of ISO.



Committee international Electrotécnic, is the global organization that prepares and

publishes international standards for all electricity, electronics, and those related

technologies. Promoting issues related to electro technology, electronics,

electromagnetism, multimedia, telecommunication production, among others.



Institute national American for Standardization, is a private non-

profit organization (not have as a consequence a profit).



The ANSI itself does not develop

standards. On the contrary, facilitatesdevelopment by establishing

consensus among qualified groups

processes. Therefore, its acronym is

seen in many standards.

Manages and coordinates the

voluntary standardization and

conformity assessment system,identifies public and industrial

requirements for national consensus

standards.



Technical professional association

non-profit (not have as a

consequence a profit).

Develops standards for computer

and electronic industry.



Established a Committee to develop

standards for networking, cabling

and data transmission. Createdspecific standards to which is

assigned a value decimal as 802.3

(Ethernet) and 802.5 (Token Ring).



In IEEE 802.3 Ethernet-based networking specifications are defined. This standarddescribes the series of digital bits that travel over the wire.

All stations listening bottleneck signal

clears the packet received partially and

wait a random period before to start

the transmission.



This method of communication is non-deterministic, i.e. is not predictable

what station transmitted and when forward, each station at some point may

transmit.

Disadvantage: every to station

transmitted by cable, there is the

possibility of their data to collidingwith each other, every message

that is lost due to failures in wiring

will oblige the retransmission of

packets.



•

1000Base-T–

Uses four twisted pairs of copper, category 5 or higher.

•1000Base-TX – Uses four twisted pairs of copper, category 6.

•1000Base-CX – Assembly cable shielded four drivers for (IEEE 802.3z).

•1000Base-SX – Two optical fibers that operate at 850 nm. (IEEE 802.3z).

•1000Base-LX – Two optical fibers to 1300 nm. (IEEE 802.3z).

•Ten (10GbE) gigabit Ethernet (IEEE data) .



Apple introduced first

commercial products based

on the 802.11 standard.802. .11b is an extension of

wireless Ethernet to

wireless means .



IEEE 802. 11b enables wireless transmission of data over

distances up to several hundred feet indoors. Teams can

transport data at about 11 Mbps.

These include new protocols:

•802. 11th: Can provide up to 54 Mbps inthe band 5 GHz.

•802. 11 g: 54 Mbps in the 2.4 GHz band

can provide.



The telecommunications industry association (TIA), and the Association of electronics industries (EIA) are developed by trade

associations and publish together a series of standards covering

structured cabling for voice and data to the LAN.



Standards and used supplements:

•TIA/EIA-568-A: Standard commercial building telecommunications cabling, specifies

the recommended topology and limits of distance, among others. This standard hasbeen replaced by TIA/EIA-568-b.

•TIA/EIA-568-b: Is the standard cabling,

specifies the component and transmission

according to the requirements.



o TIA/EIA-568-B.2: Specifies cabling, transmission, models of systems and

measurement procedures for verification of twisted pair cabling components.

o TIA/EIA-568-B.1: Specifies a generic commercial building telecommunications

cabling system.

o TIA/EIA-568-B.3: Specifies

the components and

transmission to a fiber-optic

cabling system requirements.



•TIA/EIA-570-A: Standard for smaller

residential and commercial

telecommunications. Include support for

security, audio, television, sensors,alarms, and intercom.

•TIA/EIA-569-A: Standard commercial

buildings, specifies practices of design

and construction of buildings.



•TIA/EIA-607: Standard requirements

connection to land and buildings business,

telecommunication connection specifies the

exact points of interface between buildingearthing systems and ground

telecommunications equipment configuration.

•TIA/EIA-606: The building trade,

telecommunications infrastructure management

standard specifies that each hardwareconnection drive must have a unique

identification, all labels must meet the

requirements of readability, protection against

deterioration.



Other ANSI/TIA/EIA standards:

•ANSI/TIA/EIA-526, ANSI/TIA/EIA-526-7 y ANSI/TIA/EIA-526-14 they have a

standardized method of test fibre optic cables.

•ANSI/TIA/EIA-598: Describes

the system of colour coding used

in large fibre optic cables.



The Association of components,assemblies and electronic

materials; provide commercial

and technical information

research market, etc.



The Association of electronicsfor the consumer (CEA)

provides unique information

and unprecedented market

research.

The Government Associationelectronic technology and

information studies cabling market,

instrumental technologies and

products and services of

electronics.



The Association of technology insolid state of the Joint Council of

Engineering electronic devices,

is the EIA Semiconductor

Engineering standardization

body.

The National Association of manufacturers of electricity,

provides a forum for the

standardization of electrical

equipment.



Electricians are trained and have a basicknowledge to prevent dangerous by

inadequate techniques used are controlled

by rules on electricity. In many places, the

violation of codes and standards

constitutes a breach of the law.



•Codes regarding the limits of the code.

•Codes regarding code definitions.

•Codes for connections or staging ground.

•Codes regarding wiring for computer rooms.

•Codes regarding wiring for fiber optic.

•Codes for telecommunications and data.

•Codes for telecommunications cabling.



The following organizations offer additional information on codes, permissions and

licensing of construction:

• Codes (ICC) International Council .

• Council of American officials of construction

(CABO).

• International building officials and code

administrators (BOCA)



•International Conference of officials of the construction (ICBO).

•Congress International of the code of southern construction (SBCCI).

•The standards and guidelines for construction (DOE) program.

•The National Conference of States on codes and standards for construction (NCSBCS).

•NFPA 70, national electrical code published by NFPA.

•The national electricity code manual.

•The international staff association of plumbing and mechanical (IAPMO).

•The Act of Americans with disabilities (Ley ADA).



It is essential to check what are the

requirements for a working site in

particular. In some communities,fire codes implementation is the

responsibility of departments that

gives approval for constructions.



Compliance with the codes also

combines with the permissions process

comprising tariffs and a margin of time

for hearings local codes always takesprecedence over the State codes, which

in turn take precedence over national

codes.

Presentacion en Ingles Cap 6

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