Present tic
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UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGÓGICA EXPERIMENTAL LIBERTADOR
INSTITUTO PEDAGÓGICO LUÍS BELTRÁN PRIETO FIGUEROA
DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS NATURALES
Elaborado por: Prof. Ismelda Tovar
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CARACTERÍSTICAS DE UN SISTEMA GASEOSO.
SE ADAPTAN
Forma
Volumen
Recipiente
SE C
OMPR
IMEN
disminuye
moléculas
Espacio SE EXPENDEN
Disminuye “P” Aumenta “V”
Aumenta – “P”
MOLÉCULAS
Alejad
as SE DIFUNDEN
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Fuerza
Ejercida
SOBRE UN AREA 1atm= 760mmHg= 760torr
=1,01325x105Pa =101,325 KPa
Cantidad
Gas
VARIABLES QUE INTERVIENEN EN UN SISTEMA GASEOSO
Medida -Intensidadcm3
L mL
moles
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PV 1
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PV 1
Expresión Matemática
P1 . V1 = P2 . V2
Donde V1 y V2 son volúmenes de P1 y P2 respectivamente.
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Si cambia la temperatura, ¿Cómo afectaría éste cambio al volumen y la presión del gas?
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Presión Constante
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Presión Constante
Expresión Matemática Donde V1 y V2 son volúmenesa las T1 y T2 ambas en Kelvin
TV 2
2
1
1
TV
TV
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Volumen Constante
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Expresión Matemática
Donde P1 y P2 son presionesa las T1 y T2 ambas en Kelvin
Volumen Constante TP
2
2
1
1
TP
TP
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2 H 2 (g) + O 2 (g) 2 H2O (g)
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Expresión Matemática
Donde “c” es constante nV ncV x
El Número de Avogadro es aproximadamente 6,02214199 ×1023 = 1 mol
1 mol = 22,4 L (Condiciones estándar )
H 2 (g) + Cl 2 (g) 2 HCl (g)
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COMBINACIÓN es la
LEY DE BOYLE
LEY DE CHARLES Y GAY LUSSAC
de la
se
RELACIONA
VOLUMEN PRESIÓN TEMPERATURA
NÚMEROS ENTEROS
proporciones
2 H 2 (g) + O 2 (g) 2 H2O (g)
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Expresión Matemática
LEY DE GASES COMBINADOS
P1 . V1 = P2 . V2
2
2
1
1
TV
TV
2
2
1
1
TP
TP
2
2 .2
1
1 . 1 VVTP
TP
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Presión total
Expresión Matemática
Ptotal = P1 + P2 + P 3
V y T cts.
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Ptotal = PH2 + PHe
Ptotal = 2,4 atm + 6,0 atmPtotal = 8,4 atm
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Expresión Matemática
Ptotal = (n1+n2+n3). R.T V
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Expresión Matemática
Ptotal = X A . Ptotal
V y T cts.
Fracción molar moltotalmolAXA
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GASES IDEALES
GAS
COMPORTAMIENTO
HIPOTÉTICO
PRESIÓN
VOLUMEN
TEMPERATURA
CONSTANTE-GASES
ECUACIÓN
RELACIÓN
LEYES
PTnV x
TRnVP xxx
R = 0,0821 L-atm/mol-k.
R
)(PTnRV x
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TRP
Vn
x
Ecuación de Gas Ideal
Se multiplica por la masa
molar:
TRMMP
VMMn
x
xx
La densidad se expresa en las unidades g/L por lo tanto:
TRMMPx
x
PTRMM ..
Al despejar
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