Porlan Cambio Profesorado de Ciencias v28n1p31

16
31 ENSEÑANZA DE LAS CIENCIAS, 2010, 28(1), 31–46 !" $%&'() *!" +,)-!.),%*) *! $(!/$(%. (0 &%,$) 1!2,($) 3 -),&%1(4) Porlán, Rafael¹; Martín del Pozo, Rosa²; Rivero, Ana¹; Harres, Joao³; Azcárate, Pilar 5  6 Pizzato, Michelle³ !  #$%&'(&)$*(+ ,$ #-,./(-/& ,$ 0&1 2-$*/-&13 4*-5$'1-,&, ,$ 6$5-00& 7  #$%&'(&)$*(+ ,$ #-,./(-/& ,$ 0&1 2-$*/-&1 89%$'-)$*(&0$13 4*-5$'1-,&, 2+)%0:($*1$ ,$ ;&,'-, <  =&/:0,&,$ ,$ =>1-/&3 ?+*(-@>/-& 4*-5$'1-,&,$ 2&(A0-/& ,+ B-+ C'&*,$ ,+ 6:03 D'&1-0 E  #$%&'(&)$*(+ ,$ #-,./(-/&3 4*-5$'1-,&, ,$ 2.,-F '%+'0&*G:13$1 ')&'(-*G$,:3:/)3$1 &'-5$'+G:13$1  H+&+3I&''$1G%:/'13J' %-0&'3&F/&'&($G:/&3$1 %-FF&(+G:*-5&($13J' INVESTIGACIÓN DIDÁCTICA Resumen. 8* $1($ ('&J&H+K %'-)$'+ ,$ :*& 1$'-$ ,$ ,+1K 1$ '$!$9-+*& 1+J'$ 0& *$/$1-,&, ,$ /&)J-&' $0 )+,$0+ ,+)-*&*($ ,$ $*1$L&*F& ,$ 0&1 /-$*/-&1 M 1+J'$ 0& /+*5$*-$*/-& ,$ N:$ 0+1 ,+/$*($1 /+*1(':M&* :* /+*+/-)-$*(+ %'./(-/+ %'+@$1-+*&0 N:$ 1:%$'$ ,-1M:*/-+*$1 ,$0 (-%+ ($+'>&O %'./(-/&K /+*+/-)-$*(+ /-$*(> "/+ M ,-,./(-/+K $(/3 6$ &'P:)$*(& N:$ $0 ,$1&''+00+ ,$ $1($ /+*+/-)-$*(+ *+ $1 0-*$&0 1-*+ N:$ '$N:-$'$ $0 &J+',&H$ ,$ +J1(./:0+1 $*,AP$*+1K -*I$'$*($1 & 0&1 /+*/$%/-+*$1 ,$ 0+1 %'+@$1+'$1K M $9AP$*+1K 5-*/:0&,+1 & 0+1 $1($'$+(-%+1 1+/-&0$1 1+J'$ 0& $1/:$0&3 ?+' Q0(-)+K 1+J'$ 0& J&1$ ,$ ,-@$'$*($1 @:*,&)$*(+1 ($A'-/+1 R1+/-+/+* 1(':/(-5-1)+K ($+'>& /'>(-/&K $(/3SK 1$ ,$1/'-J$ $0 )+,$0+ !"#$%&'() +, -#".,/"#,/  0%#% 1)2,/3'4%# 5% -#6&3'&% N:$ %'$($*,$ @&5+'$/$' $0 /&)J-+ ,$ 0+1 %'+@$1+'$1 & %&'(-' ,$ 0& -*5$1(-P&/-A* ,$ 0+1 %'+J0$)&1 %'+@$1-+*&0$13 Palabras clave. 8*1$L&*F& ,$ 0&1 /-$*/-&1K /+*+/-)-$*(+ %'+@$1-+*&0K +J1(./:0+1 ,$ 0+1 %'+@$1+'$1K /+*/$%/-+*$1 ,$ 0+1 %'+@$1+'$1K @+')&/-A* ,$ %'+@$1+'$13 .789:79 19;7<9= $<;:>9 (0 1<9?=9@87;A ;:B 19;7<9= !BC7;@8?: -=;D9E?=F Summary. TI-1 /+)):*-/&(-+*K (I$ "'1( +@ & 1$'-$1 +@ (U+K '$ !$/(1 +* (I$ *$$, (+ /I&*P$ (I$ %'$,+)-*&*( )+,$0 +@ 1/-$*/$ ($&/I-*PK &*, +* (I$ ,$1-'&J-0-(M @+' ($&/I$'1 (+ /+*1(':/( (I$-' +U* %'+@$11-+*&0 V*+U0$,P$ (+ P+ J$M+*, ,-1H:*/(-+*1 +@ (I$ (I$+'MO%'&/(-/$K 1/-$*(- "/O%$,&P+P-/&0 V*+U0$,P$K $(/3(M%$3 W( -1 &01+ &'P:$, (I&( (I$ ,$5$0+%)$*( +@ (I-1 V*+U0$,P$ -1 *+( & 0-*$&' %'+/$11K J:( '$N:-'$1 &,,'$11-*P +J1(&/0$1 (I&( &'$ J+(I $*,+P$*+:1K -*I$'$*( -* (I$ ($&/I$'1X /+*/$%(-+*1K &*, $9+P$*+:1K 0-*V$, (+ (I$ ,+)-*&*( 1+/-&0 1($'$+(M%$1 &J+:( (I$ 1/I++03 Y&1(0MK +* (I$ J&1-1 +@ ,-@@$'$*( (I$+'$(-/&0 @+:*,&(-+*1 R1+/-&0 /+*1(':/(-5-1)K /'-(-/&0 (I$+'MK $(/3SK & ,$1/'-%(-+* -1 P-5$* +@ (I$ )+,$0 7,%&8,# 9+:&%3'") ."#  ;,/,%#&8 ')3" -#%&3'&,  UI-/I -1 &-)$, &( %'+)+(-*P ($&/I$' /I&*P$ 5-& -*N:-'M -*(+ %'&/(-/&0 %'+@$11-+*&0 %'+J0$)13 Keywords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

Transcript of Porlan Cambio Profesorado de Ciencias v28n1p31

Page 1: Porlan Cambio Profesorado de Ciencias v28n1p31

8/18/2019 Porlan Cambio Profesorado de Ciencias v28n1p31

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/porlan-cambio-profesorado-de-ciencias-v28n1p31 1/16

31ENSEÑANZA DE LAS CIENCIAS, 2010, 28(1), 31–46

!" $%&'() *!" +,)-!.),%*) *! $(!/$(%. (0&%,$) 1!2,($) 3 -),&%1(4)

Porlán, Rafael¹; Martín del Pozo, Rosa²; Rivero, Ana¹; Harres, Joao³; Azcárate, Pilar5 6 Pizzato, Michelle³! #$%&'(&)$*(+ ,$ #-,./(-/& ,$ 0&1 2-$*/-&13 4*-5$'1-,&, ,$ 6$5-00&7 #$%&'(&)$*(+ ,$ #-,./(-/& ,$ 0&1 2-$*/-&1 89%$'-)$*(&0$13 4*-5$'1-,&, 2+)%0:($*1$ ,$ ;&,'-,< =&/:0,&,$ ,$ =>1-/&3 ?+*(-@>/-& 4*-5$'1-,&,$ 2&(A0-/& ,+ B-+ C'&*,$ ,+ 6:03 D'&1-0E #$%&'(&)$*(+ ,$ #-,./(-/&3 4*-5$'1-,&, ,$ 2.,-F

'%+'0&*G:13$1')&'(-*G$,:3:/)3$1&'-5$'+G:13$1 H+&+3I&''$1G%:/'13J'%-0&'3&F/&'&($G:/&3$1%-FF&(+G:*-5&($13J'

INVESTIGACIÓN DIDÁCTICA 

Resumen. 8* $1($ ('&J&H+K %'-)$'+ ,$ :*& 1$'-$ ,$ ,+1K 1$ '$!$9-+*& 1+J'$ 0& *$/$1-,&, ,$ /&)J-&' $0 )+,$0+ ,+)-*&*($ ,$ $*1$L&*F& ,$ 0&1/-$*/-&1 M 1+J'$ 0& /+*5$*-$*/-& ,$ N:$ 0+1 ,+/$*($1 /+*1(':M&* :* /+*+/-)-$*(+ %'./(-/+ %'+@$1-+*&0 N:$ 1:%$'$ ,-1M:*/-+*$1 ,$0 (-%+ ($+'>&O

%'./(-/&K /+*+/-)-$*(+ /-$*(> "/+ M ,-,./(-/+K $(/3 6$ &'P:)$*(& N:$ $0 ,$1&''+00+ ,$ $1($ /+*+/-)-$*(+ *+ $1 0-*$&0 1-*+ N:$ '$N:-$'$ $0 &J+',&H$,$ +J1(./:0+1 $*,AP$*+1K -*I$'$*($1 & 0&1 /+*/$%/-+*$1 ,$ 0+1 %'+@$1+'$1K M $9AP$*+1K 5-*/:0&,+1 & 0+1 $1($'$+(-%+1 1+/-&0$1 1+J'$ 0& $1/:$0&3 ?+'Q0(-)+K 1+J'$ 0& J&1$ ,$ ,-@$'$*($1 @:*,&)$*(+1 ($A'-/+1 R1+/-+/+*1(':/(-5-1)+K ($+'>& /'>(-/&K $(/3SK 1$ ,$1/'-J$ $0 )+,$0+ !"#$%&'() +, -#".,/"#,/

 0%#% 1)2,/3'4%# 5% -#6&3'&% N:$ %'$($*,$ @&5+'$/$' $0 /&)J-+ ,$ 0+1 %'+@$1+'$1 & %&'(-' ,$ 0& -*5$1(-P&/-A* ,$ 0+1 %'+J0$)&1 %'+@$1-+*&0$13

Palabras clave. 8*1$L&*F& ,$ 0&1 /-$*/-&1K /+*+/-)-$*(+ %'+@$1-+*&0K +J1(./:0+1 ,$ 0+1 %'+@$1+'$1K /+*/$%/-+*$1 ,$ 0+1 %'+@$1+'$1K @+')&/-A*,$ %'+@$1+'$13

.789:79 19;7<9= $<;:>9 (0 1<9?=9@87;A ;:B 19;7<9= !BC7;@8?: -=;D9E?=FSummary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

 ;,/,%#&8 ')3" -#%&3'&, UI-/I -1 &-)$, &( %'+)+(-*P ($&/I$' /I&*P$ 5-& -*N:-'M -*(+ %'&/(-/&0 %'+@$11-+*&0 %'+J0$)13Keywords. 6/-$*/$ ($&/I-*PK %'+@$11-+*&0 V*+U0$,P$K ($&/I$'1X +J1(&/0$1K ($&/I$'1X /+*/$%(-+*1K ($&/I$' $,:/&(-+*3

Z&/$ :*+1 &L+1 %:J0-/&)+1 $* $1(& '$5-1(& ,+1 &'(>/:0+1/+* *:$1('&1 -*5$1(-P&/-+*$1 1+J'$ 0&1 /+*/$%/-+*$1 ,$0+1 %'+@$1+'$1 R?+'0.*K B-5$'+ M ;&'(>* ,$0 ?+F+K ![[\ M![[]S3 8* $00+1 &*&0-F.J&)+1 $0 /+*+/-)-$*(+ %'+@$1-+O*&0 )&M+'-(&'-+ M &%+'(.J&)+1 :*& 5-1-A* 1+J'$ $0 /+*+O/-)-$*(+ %'+@$1-+*&0 ,$1$&J0$3 81($ &'(>/:0+K %'-)$'+ ,$

:*& 1$'-$ ,$ ,+1K '$1:)$ *:$1('& '$!$9-A* ($A'-/& M *:$1O('&1 %'+%:$1(&1 @+')&(-5&1 ,$1,$ $*(+*/$1 I&1(& &I+'&3Y& /:$1(-A* /$*('&0 $* $1($ %$'-+,+ I& 1-,+ ,5 &%$<'"+, 5%/ &")&,0&'"),/ +,5 0#".,/"#%+"3 6- $* &N:$0 )+O)$*(+ *+1 %'$+/:%&J& /+*+/$' 0&1 /+*/$%/-+*$1 M 0&1%'./(-/&1 ,$ 0+1 ,+/$*($1K $* $1(+1 &L+1 *+1 I&* -*($'$O

(/1,)*G$$(2/

Page 2: Porlan Cambio Profesorado de Ciencias v28n1p31

8/18/2019 Porlan Cambio Profesorado de Ciencias v28n1p31

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/porlan-cambio-profesorado-de-ciencias-v28n1p31 2/16

INVESTIGACIÓN DIDÁCTICA 

32 ENSEÑANZA DE LAS CIENCIAS, 2010, 28(1)

 1&,+ 1:1 3#%)/'&'"),/ 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 0#"4#,/'() ,$ ,-@$'$*($1 ):$1('&1 ,$ $1(:,-&*($1 ,$ )&OP-1($'-+K &1> /+)+ *:$1('&1 /+*/0:1-+*$1 1+J'$ 0+1 @&/(+O'$1 N:$ +J1(&/:0-F&* + @&/-0-(&* $0 /&)J-+3

$;DH8;= A; 9I7C9A;

81 :* 0:P&' /+)Q* '$1&0(&' 0& *$/$1-,&, ,$ :* %'+@:*,+

/&)J-+ ,$ 0& $1/:$0&3 6&J$)+1 N:$ ):/I+1 $1(:,-&*($1 *+&0/&*F&* 0+1 "*$1 $,:/&(-5+1 &:* /:&*,+ 1:%$'$* 0&1 %':$OJ&1 &/&,^)-/&13 81 @'$/:$*($ N:$ ($*P&* ,-"/:0(&,$1 %&'&$*($*,$' 0+ N:$ 0$$*K %&'& &%0-/&' /+*/$%(+1 )&($).(-/+1 &0& 5-,& /+(-,-&*& M %&'& '$/+*+/$' 0& '$0&/-A* $*('$ 0+1 @$O*A)$*+1 ,$ 0& '$&0-,&, M 0+1 /+*($*-,+1 $1/+0&'$13 _0P:*&1/&:1&1 ,$ $1(+ 1+* /+*+/-,&1` 1$ -,$*(-"/& &%'$*,$' /+*)$)+'-F&' 1-* 1$*(-,+K 0+1 /+*($*-,+1 1+* /+*/$J-,+1 /+)+"*$1 M *+ /+)+ )$,-+1 %&'& -*($'%'$(&' $0 ):*,+K M 0+1 /+*O/$%(+1 R/+)%0$H+1 M ,-*.)-/+1S 1$ '$,:/$* & ,&(+1 R1-)%0$1M $1(.(-/+1S3 6-* $)J&'P+K 0& '&FA* %'+@:*,& ,$ $1($ @'&/&1+$1 N:$ 0+1 &0:)*+1 *+ 1+* /:=,3"/ +, %0#,)+'>%=, 1-*+ "<=,?3"/ +, ,)/,@%)>%a $1 ,$/-'K *+ 1+* /+*1-,$'&,+1 ,)3,/ ,0'/3A?$'&"/ R%+1$$,+'$1 ,$ 1-P*-"/&,+1K -*($'$1$1 $ -)%:01+1 %&'&0& &//-A*S 1-*+ +JH$(+1 ,$ &,+/('-*&)-$*(+ &/&,^)-/+3 8* $0

/&1+ ,$ 0& $*1$L&*F& ,$ 0&1 /-$*/-&1K $1(+ 1$ )&*-"

$1(& ,$@+')& %&'(-/:0&'3 Y& *&(:'&0$F& &J1('&/(& ,$ 0+1 /+*/$%(+1K$0 /&'./($' *+ +J1$'5&J0$ ,$ ):/I+1 +JH$(+1 ,$ $1(:,-+K 0&($*,$*/-& & &J+',&' 0+1 %'+,:/(+1 ,$ 0& /-$*/-& &-10&,+1 ,$0+1 %'+/$1+1K 0& ('&10&/-A* ,-'$/(& ,$ 0& 0AP-/& ,-1/-%0-*&' &0.)J-(+ $1/+0&'K $(/3 1+* $H$)%0+1 ,$ 0+ N:$ ,$/-)+13

_ $1(& '$&0-,&, 1$ 1:%$'%+*$ $* 0& &/(:&0-,&, :* %&'(-/:O0&' ,$1&%$P+ ,$ 0+1 &0:)*+1 I&/-& 0& $1/:$0&3 ='$*($ & 0&-,$& -0:1('&,& ,$ N:$ $0 /+*+/-)-$*(+ '$N:-$'$ (-$)%+K0$/(:'&K $1/'-(:'& M &*.0-1-1 R&:*N:$K %&'&,AH-/&)$*($K 0&$1/:$0& '$&0K /+* ($)&'-+1 1+J'$/&'P&,+1 M )$(+,+0+P>&1('&*1)-1-5&1K *+ 0+1 /:0(-5&SK 0& /:0(:'& ,$ 0+1 $1(:,-&*O($1 1$ /&'&/($'-F& %+' 0& -*)$,-&($FK 0& 1-):0(&*$-,&,K $0/+*+/-)-$*(+ $* 0& 1:%$'"/-$ M 0& -)&P$*3 Y& $1/:$0& I&

,$5$*-,+ $* :* 0:P&' ,$ ,$1$*/:$*('+ $*('$ :*& 5-1-A*&/&,$)-/-1(& ,$ 0& )+,$'*-,&, M :*& $9%$'-$*/-& &/'>(-/&,$ 0& /:0(:'& %+1)+,$'*& RC&'/>& $( &03K 7bb\S3

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

!A 7;DH8? 9: A; 9:I9J;:K; B9 A;I 789:78;I

8* 0& $*1$L&*F& ,$ 0&1 /-$*/-&1 0&1 %'+%:$1(&1 ,$ /&)J-+1$ I&* /$*('&*,+ $* 0+1 &0:)*+13 Y& (+)& ,$ /+*/-$*/-& ,$N:$ (-$*$* :*& 5-1-A* %'+%-& ,$ 0+1 @$*A)$*+1 I& 00$5&,+& ):/I+1 -*5$1(-P&,+'$1 & &*&0-F&' 1:1 '+,%/ ,/0")36),%/ R#'-5$'K ![][S3 81(&1 -*5$1(-P&/-+*$1 I&* ,$1/'-(+ )'2,5,/ $* $0 %'+/$1+ ,$ /&)J-+ ,$ 0+1 &0:)*+1 M I&* %'+%:$1(+'3'),#%#'"/ +, %0#,)+'>%=, %&'& P:-&' $0 ,-1$L+ /:''-/:0&'M 0& -*($'5$*/-A* ,+/$*($3 8* /+*1$/:$*/-&K ,$1,$ I&/$(-$)%+ 1$ 5-$*$* $9%$'-)$*(&,+ %'+%:$1(&1 /:''-/:0&'$1J&1&,&1 $* 0&1 /+*/$%/-+*$1 M +J1(./:0+1 ,$ 0+1 &0:)O*+1 M @:*,&)$*(&,&1 $* *:$5+1 )&'/+1 ($A'-/+13 8* $1($1$*(-,+K $0 1+/-+/+*1(':/(-5-1)+K 0& 5-1-A* /+)%0$H&K 0&%$'1%$/(-5& /'>(-/&K $0 $5+0:/-+*-1)+ M 0& )$(&/+P*-/-A*I&* H:P&,+ :* %&%$0 $1$*/-&0 R?+'0.*K ![[<a c&((1 M d+"0-K![[]a ?+'0.* M Z&''$1K ![[[ M #:-( M T'$&P:1(K 7bb<S3 6-*$)J&'P+K $1(+1 %'+M$/(+1 I&* %:$1(+ $* $5-,$*/-& N:$ 0+1

%'+@$1+'$1 (-$*$* :*& &"/$"2'/'() +"&,)3,  /+)+ '$1:0O(&,+ ,$ :* 0&'P+ %'+/$1+ ,$ -*($'-+'-F&/-A* ,$ 0& /:0(:'&$1/+0&' ('&,-/-+*&0 R_P:-''$K Z&PP$'(M M Y-*,$'K ![[b M?+'0.* M ;&'(>* ,$0 ?+F+K ![[eS3

2+)+ 1$L&0&* c&((1 M d+"0- R![[]SK :*& ,$ 0&1 ,-"/:0(&,$1%&'& $0 /&)J-+ ,$ 0& $*1$L&*F& ,$ 0&1 /-$*/-&1 $1 $0 /+*O!-/(+ N:$ 5-5$* ):/I+1 %'+@$1+'$1 $*('$ 1: ,$1$+ ,$ %'+O)+5$' $0 ,$1&''+00+ ,$ 0+1 &0:)*+1K 0+ N:$ 0$1 00$5& & ,$O/0&'&' N:$ $1 -)%+'(&*($ 1: %&'(-/-%&/-A*K M 0+1 $1N:$)&1-)%0>/-(+1 N:$ %+1$$*K 1$PQ* 0+1 /:&0$1 0+1 &0:)*+1 I&*,$ ($*$' :* %&%$0 %&1-5+ %&'& )&*($*$' $0 /+*('+0 ,$0 &:0&38* $0 /&1+ ,$ 0& @+')&/-A* -*-/-&0 ,$ )&$1('+1K C:1(&@1+*M B+U$00 R![[fS &"')&* N:$ 0+1 $1(:,-&*($1 1+* '$1-1($*O($1 &0 /&)J-+K M& N:$ %:$,$* &,&%(&'1$ & %'+P'&)&1 ,$

@+')&/-A* &0($'*&(-5+1 M )&*($*$'K &0 )-1)+ (-$)%+K 1:1/'$$*/-&1 ,$"*-,&1 1+/-&0 M /:0(:'&0)$*($3 8* $0 )-1)+1$*(-,+K D'M&* M _J$00 R![[[S '$1&0(&* 0& -)%+'(&*/-& ,$0& $9%$'-$*/-& -*($'-+'-F&,& /+)+ &0:)*+ $* 0&1 /+*/$%O/-+*$1 ,$ 0+1 $1(:,-&*($1 ,$ )&P-1($'-+ $* '$0&/-A* /+* 0&$*1$L&*F& ,$ 0&1 /-$*/-&1K $ -*1-1($* $* 0&1 ,-"/:0(&,$1 N:$I&M %&'& /&)J-&'0&13 ?+' (&*(+K 0+1 $1@:$'F+1 %+' &,+%O(&' :* $*@+N:$ J&1&,+ $* 0& $5+0:/-A* ,$ 0&1 -,$&1 ,$ 0+1&0:)*+1 M $* 0+1 $*@+N:$1 1+/-+/+*1(':/(-5-1(&1 M /'>(-/+1Rc&((1 M d+"0-K ![[]S $1(.* /+*,-/-+*&,+1 %+' 0&1 /+*/$%O/-+*$1 ,$ 0+1 ,+/$*($1 MK /+)+ 5$'$)+1 ).1 &,$0&*($K %+'$0 /&'./($' (./-(+ ,$ 0&1 )-1)&13

6+* ):/I&1 0&1 -*5$1(-P&/-+*$1 '$&0-F&,&1 1+J'$ 0&1 /+*O/$%/-+*$1 ,$0 %'+@$1+'&,+ $* $0 /&)%+ ,$ 0& $*1$L&*O

F& ,$ 0&1 /-$*/-&13 8* *:$1('+ /&1+K 0+1 '$1:0(&,+1 ).1-)%+'(&*($1 1$ %:$,$* '$1:)-' &1>` /+*/$%/-A* 3#%)/$'?/'2% ,$ 0& $*1$L&*F&a &%'$*,-F&H$ %+' ')&"#0"#%&'() +,/'4)' !&%+"/ ,B3,#)"/K -P*+'&*,+ 0& $9-1($*/-& ,$ -,$&1$1%+*(.*$&1a 0& /-$*/-& /+)+ %'+,:/(+ &/&J&,+K 1:%$'-+'M 5$',&,$'+  C%</"5:3'/$" ,0'/3,$"5(4'&"D  M $0 )^(+,+/-$*(> "/+ /+)+ 0#"&,/" ')+:&3'2" RB:$0K #^1&:($01 M Y&O'+/I$00$K ![[\a ?+'0.*K B-5$'+ M ;&'(>* ,$0 ?+F+K ![[]a?+'0.* M B-5$'+K ![[]a ;&'(>* ,$0 ?+F+K 7bb!a ;&'(>*,$0 ?+F+ M ?+'0.*K 7bb!a ?+'0.* M ;&'(>* ,$0 ?+F+K 7bb7M 7bbE M #&O6-05&K ;$00&,+ M ?+'0.*K 7bb\S3

6$PQ* $1(+K 0&1 /+*/$%/-+*$1 )&M+'-(&'-&1 ,$ 0+1 %'+O@$1+'$1 ,$ /-$*/-&1 1+* /+I$'$*($1 /+* 0& /:0(:'& ('&,-O/-+*&0 $* 0& N:$ I&* 1-,+ @+')&,+1K M $1(.* 0$H+1 ,$ 0+1

Page 3: Porlan Cambio Profesorado de Ciencias v28n1p31

8/18/2019 Porlan Cambio Profesorado de Ciencias v28n1p31

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/porlan-cambio-profesorado-de-ciencias-v28n1p31 3/16

INVESTIGACIÓN DIDÁCTICA 

33ENSEÑANZA DE LAS CIENCIAS, 2010, 28(1)

%0&*($&)-$*(+1 1+/-+/+*1(':/(-5-1(&1K /'>(-/+1 M '$0&(-5-1O(&1 N:$ @:*,&)$*(&* 0+1 )+,$0+1 &0($'*&(-5+1K ,$ &I> $0@'&/&1+ ,$ 0&1 *:$5&1 %'+%:$1(&13 c&((1 M d+"0- R![[]S,$1/'-J$* $0 /+*1(':/(-5-1)+ /'>(-/+ /+)+ :* %'+/$1+ $*$0 N:$ 0+1 &0:)*+1 $9%'$1&* 1:1 +%-*-+*$1K *$P+/-&* $0/+*+/-)-$*(+ M /+*1(':M$* :*& &")&',)&'% ,$%)&'0%3"?#'%3 Y+1 %'+@$1+'$1K %+' 1: %&'($K %0&*($&* %'+J0$)&1 ,$-*5$1(-P&/-A* M /+*,:/$* 0& /0&1$ ,$ @+')& ,$)+/'.(-/&M /'>(-/&3 ?&'& $00+1K $0 /+*1(':/(-5-1)+ /'>(-/+ %'+):$O5$ :* /&)J-+ ,$0 %'+@$1+' ,$ /"&'%5'>%+"# ,) 5% &',)?&'% & 3#%)/."#$%+"# /"&'%53 6: )-1-A* *+ $1 1:1(-(:-' 0&1-,$&1 ,$ 0+1 &0:)*+1 1-*+ ,)#'E:,&,#5%/3 6-* $)J&'P+Kg&* #'-$0K D$-H&&', M g$'0++% R7bb!S %0&*($&* N:$ I&M):/I& ,-1(&*/-& $*('$ 0&1 -,$&1 -**+5&,+'&1 M $0 /+*+/-O)-$*(+ %'+@$1-+*&0 ,$ 0+1 %'+@$1+'$13

?+' (&*(+K %&'& N:$ $1(+1 )+,$0+1 &0($'*&(-5+1 ($*P&*).1 -*!:$*/-& 1$ '$N:-$'$K $*('$ +('&1 /:$1(-+*$1K N:$

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bbbSK%&1&' ,$ %+1-/-+*$1 ('&,-/-+*&0$1 & /+*1(':/(-5-1(&1 $1 :*%'+/$1+ ,-@>/-0 M /+)%0$H+ N:$ $9-P$ 3#%)/'&'"),/a -*5$1O(-P&'0&1 $1 :*& $1('&($P-& %'+)$($,+'& %&'& &M:,&' & N:$0&1 *:$5&1 -,$&1 $1(^* ).1 %'$1$*($1 $* 0& %'./(-/&3

"% +,)L,!.(2/ *! "%. $)/$!+$()/!.*!" +,)-!.),%*) *! $(!/$(%.

#-5$'1+1 &:(+'$1 I&* &J+',&,+ 0& -,$& ,$  0#"4#,/'()3?'-$(+K D0&*/+ M D'$'+ R7bb7S I&/$* :*& '$5-1-A* $* $0/&1+ ,$ 0+1 &0:)*+1K $* 0& N:$ %0&*($&* N:$ 0& %'+P'$1-A*,$ 1:1 /+*/$%/-+*$1 1$ %:$,$ $1(:,-&' $1(&J0$/-$*,+ $1(&O,-+1 -*($')$,-+13 _0 )-1)+ (-$)%+K %'$1$*(&* /+*/$%(+11-)-0&'$1 %'$1$*($1 $* 0& 0-($'&(:'&` /,)+,#"/ +, %0#,)+'? >%=,  R6/+((K ![[7S M 3#%F,&3"#'%/ &")&,03:%5,/ R#'-5$'K![][S3 8* '$0&/-A* /+* 0+1 +J1(./:0+1K 1$ '$"$'$* & 0&$9%'$1-A*  0"/3,/ H'5"$A3#'&"/  Rc&(1+* M Y$&/IK ![[eS/+)+ -*,-/&,+'$1 ,$ )+)$*(+1 ,$ ,-"/:0(&, $* 0& %'+O

P'$1-A*3 8* *:$1('+ /&1+K (&*(+ %&'& 0+1 &0:)*+1 /+)+%&'& 0+1 %'+@$1+'$1K I$)+1 ('&J&H&,+ $* 0& -*($P'&/-A*,$ $1(&,-+1 M +J1(./:0+1K ('&(&*,+ ,$ $1(&J0$/$' I-%A($1-11+J'$ 0& $5+0:/-A* ,$ 0+1 1:H$(+1 $* @+')& ,$ '3'),#%#'"/+, 0#"4#,/'() RC&'/>&K ![[] M ?+'0.* M B-5$'+ ![[]S3 8*$1($ 1$*(-,+K h-$,,$'$'K C+0,J$'P M #:-( R![[7S ,$1(&O/&* 0& -)%+'(&*/-& ,$ +J($*$' ,&(+1 $)%>'-/+1 1+J'$ 0&1%'+P'$1-+*$1 & ('&5^1 ,$ ,/3:+'"/ +, %0#,)+'>%=, &"$"&")/,&:,)&'% +, ')3,#2,)&'"),/ ,/0,&I  !&%/3

g+05-$*,+ & 0+1 +J1(./:0+1K c&0&/$ M i&*P R7bbES /+*O1-,$'&* N:$ :*+ ,$ 0+1 ).1 -)%+'(&*($1 N:$ 1$ +%+*$ &:* )+,$0+ ,$ $*1$L&*F& &0($'*&(-5+ $1 0& /'$$*/-&K M&)$*/-+*&,&K ,$ N:$ 0& /-$*/-& $1 :* /:$'%+ +JH$(-5+,$ /+*+/-)-$*(+1 /'$&,+ %+' :* )^(+,+ '>P-,+3 ?+' 1:

%&'($K T+J-* M ;/B+JJ-$ R![[eS %0&*($&* N:$ 0+1 $'3"/,/&"5%#,/ 1+* (&)J-^* +J1(./:0+1 %&'& $0 /&)J-+3 8*('$,-/I+1 )-(+1 -*/0:M$* 0& /'$$*/-& $* 0& ('&*1)-1-A* ,$0+1 /+*($*-,+1K 0& *$/$1-,&, ,$ /:J'-' $0 %0&* ,$ $1(:,-+M 0& %'$%&'&/-A* %&'& 0+1 $9.)$*$13 2+* :* $*@+N:$ ).1/+)%0$H+K ;$00&,+ R7bb!S /+*/-J$ $0 /&)J-+ ,$0 %'+@$O1+'&,+ ,$ /-$*/-&1 /+)+ :*& ,2"5:&'() 4#%+:%5 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

6-* $)J&'P+K $9-1($ &Q* %+/& -*@+')&/-A* 1+J'$ $1O(&1 %'+P'$1-+*$13 C&011+* M Y&0-V R![[<SK %+' $H$)%0+K&*&0-F&* 0& ('&*1-/-A* ,$ :*& %'+@$1+'& ,$ /-$*/-&1 & 0+0&'P+ ,$ :* /:'1+ ,$ @+')&/-A*3 800& ,-/$ I&J$' 1:@'-,+:*& )$(&)+'@+1-1 -*/+)%0$(&K M& N:$ )&*(-$*$ :*& ($*O1-A* $*('$ 3#%)/$'3'# 5% &',)&'% % 5"/ %5:$)"/ M +%#5,/5% "0"#3:)'+%+ 0%#% E:, +,/%##"55,) /:/ 0#"0'%/ 2'/'"?),/J  0+ N:$ -*,-/&'>& :* /+*1(':/(-5-1)+ $)$'P$*($3 Y&%'+@$1+'& ('&(& ,$ $*/+*('&' :* %:*(+ -*($')$,-+ $*('$+%# 3"+% 5% ')."#$%&'() % 5"/ ,/3:+'%)3,/ M  05%)3,%#5,/ 0#,4:)3%/ 0%#% E:, 5%/ #,/:,52%) /"5"/3 2+* :*& ):$1O('& ).1 &)%0-& R<f %'+@$1+'$1 ,$ /-$*/-&1SK Z&1IU$IR![[eS &*&0-F& 0&1 /+*/$%/-+*$1 1+J'$ 0& $*1$L&*F& ,$0&1 /-$*/-&1K +'P&*-F&*,+ 0+1 '$1:0(&,+1 $* 5&'-+1 *-5$O0$1 ,$ %'+P'$1-A*` $9%0-/&'K '$%$(-'K /+*5$*/$'K '$@:(&'K

,$1&''+00&' M '$$1(':/(:'&'3 ?+' Q0(-)+K j$)J&0O6&:0 M+('+1 R7bb7S %'$1$*(&* :*& %'+P'$1-A* 1+J'$ 0& -,$& ,$$*1$L&*F& %+' -*5$1(-P&/-A* /+* /:&('+ *-5$0$1` *+ I&M%'+/$1+ ,$ -*5$1(-P&/-A* ,$ 0+1 &0:)*+1a I&M %'+/$1+ ,$-*5$1(-P&/-A* %$'+ $0 %'+J0$)&K $0 )^(+,+ M $0 '$1:0(&,+$1(.* %'$,$($')-*&,+1a $0 %'+J0$)& $1(. ,$"*-,+ %$'+ $0%'+/$1+ 1$ ,$H& &J-$'(+a M $0 %'+J0$)& M $0 %'+/$1+ $1(.*&J-$'(+13 ?+' (&*(+K 1$PQ* 0+ N:$ 5$*-)+1 ,-/-$*,+K $0/&)J-+ ,$ 0+1 %'+@$1+'$1 $1 :* %'+/$1+ ,-@>/-0 M P'&,:&03

?$'+ %'+@:*,-/$)+1 :* %+/+ ).1 $* 0&1 /&:1&1 ,$ 0& Q0(-O)& &"')&/-A*3 4*& ,$ $00&1 $1 N:$K &:* 1-$*,+ /-$'(+ N:$I&M :*& -*($'&//-A* $*('$ %$*1&)-$*(+ M /+*,:/(&K ^1(&$1 '$0&(-5&)$*($ -*,$($')-*&,&3 ?+' $H$)%0+K 0& (+)& ,$/+*/-$*/-& ,$ 0&1 /+*('&,-//-+*$1 N:$ I&M $*('$ &0P:*&1

/'$$*/-&1 R0& -,$& ,$ N:$ $1 -)%+'(&*($ 0& %&'(-/-%&/-A*,$0 $1(:,-&*($S M /-$'(&1 %&:(&1 ,$ &//-A* R'$&0-F&' %'$OP:*(&1 1-* $1%$'&' '$1%:$1(&1S $1 /+*,-/-A* *$/$1&'-&%&'& $0 /&)J-+ ,$ 0& %'./(-/&a %$'+ *+ $1 1:"/-$*($3 k *+0+ $1 %+'N:$ ,-/I&1 %&:(&1 1$ ,$1&''+00&* %+' '$%'+,:/O/-A* -*/+*1/-$*($ ,$ /+*,:/(&1 +J1$'5&,&1 ,:'&*($ ):O/I+ (-$)%+ 1-* '$1%+*,$' & :*& 0AP-/& &'P:)$*(&(-5& M 1$&/(-5&* &:(+).(-/&)$*($ &*($ 1-(:&/-+*$1 $5+/&,+'&1 ,$&N:$00&1 $* N:$ @:$'+* -*($'-+'-F&,+1 R6/I&*V M _J$01+*K![\\ M ?+'0.*K B-5$'+ M ;&'(>* ,$0 ?+F+K ![[\S3

#$0 )-1)+ )+,+K 0& @+')&/-A* %1-/+%$,&PAP-/&K &:*/:&*,+ I&M& -*!:-,+ $* 0&1 /+*/$%/-+*$1 ,$ 0+1 ,+/$*O($1K (&)%+/+ P&'&*(-F& :* /&)J-+ ,$ 0+1 $1N:$)&1 ,$&//-A*K M& N:$ ^1(+1K &:*N:$ %'$1$*($* /+*('&,-//-+*$1

Page 4: Porlan Cambio Profesorado de Ciencias v28n1p31

8/18/2019 Porlan Cambio Profesorado de Ciencias v28n1p31

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/porlan-cambio-profesorado-de-ciencias-v28n1p31 4/16

INVESTIGACIÓN DIDÁCTICA 

34 ENSEÑANZA DE LAS CIENCIAS, 2010, 28(1)

 /+* 0+1 /+*+/-)-$*(+1 @+')&0-F&,+1K 1+* 0+1 N:$ $0 1:H$O(+ %+1$$ M 0$ &%+'(&* 1$P:'-,&, &*($ 0& -*/$'(-,:)J'$ ,$0/+*($9(+3 ?+' (&*(+K 0&1 '$0&/-+*$1 $*('$ /+*+/-)-$*(+,-1/-%0-*&' M /+*,:/(& ,+/$*($ 1+* ,^J-0$1K M& N:$ /&,&:*+ ,$ $1(+1 .)J-(+1 '$1%+*,$ & *$/$1-,&,$1 ,-@$'$*($1380 %'-)$'+ ('&(& ,$ 1$' /+I$'$*($ /+* &0PQ* (-%+ ,$ 0AP-O/&K )-$*('&1 N:$ 0& &//-A* (-$*,$ & 1$' @:*/-+*&0 $* :*/+*($9(+K /+)+ $0 $1/+0&'K N:$ (-$*,$ & 0& :*-@+')-,&,3

?+' +('+ 0&,+K 0+1 $1N:$)&1 ,$ &//-A* *+ 1+* /+*1('://-+O*$1 *$:('&1K &:*N:$ 0+ %&'$F/&*3 81 &N:> ,+*,$ '&,-/& 0&,-"/:0(&, %&'& /&)J-&'0+13 81(+1 $1N:$)&1 *+ 1+* 0& )&O*$'& *&(:'&0 ,$ /+)+ I&* ,$ +/:''-' 0&1 /+1&1K 1-*+ +%/-+O*$1 /+I$'$*($1 /+* :*& /+1)+5-1-A* $%-1($)+0AP-/&K %1-O/+0AP-/& M ,-,./(-/& RC&011+* M Y&0-VK ![[<S3 80 I$/I+ ,$N:$ 1$ &%'$*,&* -*5+0:*(&'-&)$*($K M ,$ N:$ 1:'H&* 1-* N:$)$,-$ ,$/-1-A* /+*1/-$*($K 0+1 I&/$ -*5-1-J0$1 &0 &*.0-1-136-* $)J&'P+K $1(.* @:*,&)$*(&,+1 $* 1:%:$1(+1 ($A'-/+1

-)%0>/-(+1 /+I$'$*($1 /+* 0+ N:$ 5$*-)+1 ,$*+)-*&*,+ 0&/:0(:'& $1/+0&' I$P$)A*-/&3 T&* $1 &1>K N:$ $0 $1(:,-+ ,$ 0&1($+'>&1 -)%0>/-(&1 $* 0& %'./(-/& ,+/$*($ $1 :*& %+($*($ 0>*$&,$ -*5$1(-P&/-A* R?+F+ $( &03K 7bbeS3 ?+' (&*(+K $0 /&'./($'+/:0(+ M *+ /:$1(-+*&J0$ ,$ 0+1 $1N:$)&1 ,$ &//-A* )&OM+'-(&'-+1K M ,$ 0&1 ($+'>&1 N:$ 0+1 1:1($*(&*K /+*1(-(:M$ :*@&/(+' ,$ '$1-1($*/-& & 0+1 /&)J-+1 $* $0 %'+@$1+'&,+3

?$'+ (&* %+/+ 5-1-J0$1 1+* %&'& 0+1 ,+/$*($1 1:1 ':(-*&1 ,$&//-A* /+)+ 0+1 )+,$0+1 &0($'*&(-5+1 %&'& 0& $*1$L&*F& ,$0&1 /-$*/-&13 2+* @'$/:$*/-&K /+*/$%(+1 /+)+ /+*1(':/(-5-1O)+ /'>(-/+K &%'$*,-F&H$ %+' -*5$1(-P&/-A*K $(/3 1+* %$'/-J-O,+1 /+* ,-1(&*/-& %+' $0 %'+@$1+'&,+K &0 *+ $*/+*('&' $* $00+1'$@$'$*($1 $* (^')-*+1 ,$ %&:(&1 ,$ &//-A*3 #-/I+ ,$ +('&)&*$'&K 0+1 %'+@$1+'$1 *+ &J&*,+*&* :* $1N:$)& ,$ &//-A*

%+' :* %'-*/-%-+ ($A'-/+ 1-*+ %+' +('+ $1N:$)& ,$ &//-A*3W*/0:1+ 0+1 N:$ (-$*$* :*& &/(-(:, -**+5&,+'& )&*-"$1(&*,-"/:0(&,$1 %&'& -*('+,:/-' /&)J-+1 1- *+ I&* $*/+*('&,+K+ /+*1(':-,+ %+' 1> )-1)+1K $1N:$)&1 &0($'*&(-5+1 N:$ 1$&*%$'/-J-,+1 /+)+ %0&:1-J0$13 80 /&)J-+ ,+/$*($K %+' (&*(+K$1 ,-@>/-0 (&)J-^* %+' $0 /&'./($' ($A'-/+ ,$ 0&1 &0($'*&(-5&1K):M &0$H&,&1 ,$0 0$*P:&H$ ,$ 0& &//-A* M %+/+ @:*/-+*&0$1%&'& /+)%$(-' /+* 0&1 ':(-*&1 -*1(&0&,&1 $* $0 &:0& R#:-( MT'$&P:1(K 7bb<S3

8* ,$"*-(-5&K 0+1 ,+/$*($1 (-$*,$*K 1-* N:$'$'K & '$%'+,:O/-' 0+1 $1N:$)&1 -*($'-+'-F&,+13 81(& '$%'+,://-A* $1 5-O5-,& /+)+ 0& )&*$'& *+')&0 ,$ 1$' %'+@$1-+*&0 MK /:&*,+$1 /:$1(-+*&,&K 0+ $1 ,$1,$ :* ,-1/:'1+ ($A'-/+ /+* %+/&1/+*$9-+*$1 /+* 0+ N:$ 1:$0$* I&/$' $* /0&1$3 #$ $1(& @+'O

)&K 0&1 ($+'>&1 N:$ ,&* /+I$'$*/-& & 0&1 ':(-*&1 ,$ &//-A*KM N:$ '$1%+*,$* & :*& /+1)+5-1-A* ('&,-/-+*&0 ,$ 0& $1O/:$0&K ,&,+ 1: /&'./($' -)%0>/-(+K /+*1(-(:M$* :* /+*H:*(+,$ "</36&:5"/ ,)+(4,)"/ %&'& $0 /&)J-+ ,$ 0+1 %'+@$1+'$1R=-P:'& !S3 80 &*.0-1-1 ,$0 P'&,+ ,$ '$1-1($*/-& N:$ %'$O1$*(&* $* ,-@$'$*($1 /+*($9(+1 @+')&(-5+1 $1 :*& 0>*$& ,$-*5$1(-P&/-A* /':/-&0 %&'& &5&*F&' $* $1('&($P-&1 ).1 &,$O/:&,&1 ,$ ,$1&''+00+ %'+@$1-+*&0 RZ&1IU$IK ![[eS3

_:*N:$ $* :* 1$*(-,+ $1('-/(+ 0+1 +J1(./:0+1 1+* ,$ *&(:O'&0$F& $%-1($)+0AP-/& M 1$ '$"$'$* & 0& $5+0:/-A* ,$0 /+O*+/-)-$*(+ /-$*(> "/+ RD&/I$0&',K ![]<SK ,-@$'$*($1 &:(+O'$1 I&* ('&*1@$'-,+ $0 /+*/$%(+ &0 /&)%+ ,$ 0&1 ,-,./(-/&1,$ 0&1 /-$*/-&1 M I&* &)%0-&,+ 1: 1-P*-"/&,+ R;&'(-*&*,K![]ea _1(+0"K ![[Ea C&'/>& M B-5$'+K ![[fa 6/I*$$J$'P$'K

![[\a ?+'0.* $( &03K ![[] M 6+0>1 M ?+'0.*K 7bb<S3 _1(+0" R![[\S I&J0& ,$ ('$1 (-%+1 ,$ +J1(./:0+1 $* '$0&/-A* /+* 0+1&0:)*+1` $%-1($)+0AP-/+1K %1-/+0AP-/+1 M )$(+,+0AP-/+13Z&/$)+1 *:$1('& $1(& /0&1-"/&/-A* M 0& &%0-/&)+1 &0 /&1+,$ 0+1 %'+@$1+'$13 2+)+ 1$ 5$'. & /+*(-*:&/-A*K I$)+1:1&,+ (&)J-^* $0 (^')-*+ %&'& '$@$'-'*+1 & 0+1 ,/3,#,"3'0"//"&'%5,/ +"$')%)3,/ /"<#, 5% ,/&:,5%  %+' /+*1-,$'&'0+15$',&,$'+1 +J1(./:0+1 1+/-+0AP-/+1 M /:0(:'&0$13

Y&1 %&:(&1 ,$ &//-A* )&M+'-(&'-&1 ,$0 %'+@$1+'&,+ 1+*/+I$'$*($1 /+* 0+1 $1($'$+(-%+1 1+/-&0$1 1+J'$ 0& $*O1$L&*F& M $0 &%'$*,-F&H$ R?+'0.*K B-5$'+ M ;&'(>* ,$0?+F+K ![[\ M ?+'0.* M B-5$'+K ![[]S3 Y& -,$&K %+' $H$)O%0+K ,$ N:$ $*1$L&' /-$*/-&1 $1 $9%0-/&' /+*($*-,+1 + 0&,$ N:$ &%'$*,$' $1 '$($*$' 0+ $1(:,-&,+ 1+* $H$)%0+1,$ $00+3 6-* $)J&'P+K 0& -*!:$*/-& ,$ $1(+1 $1($'$+(-O%+1 5& ):/I+ ).1 &00.3 6+* $1($'$+(-%+1 %+'N:$ (+,+0+ '$0&/-+*&,+ /+* 0& $1/:$0& $1(. -)%'$P*&,+ %+' $1&1

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  %&'& $0/&)J-+ %'+@$1-+*&03 Y+1 ,+/$*($1 -**+5&,+'$1 (-$*$* N:$&J+',&' :* %'+/$1+ ,$ ,-1$L+ M ,$1&''+00+ ,$ *:$5&1 /+*O,:/(&1 ,$ &:0&K $1 ,$/-'K 1:%$'&' 1:1 +J1(./:0+1 -*($'*+1 MK

&0 )-1)+ (-$)%+K &1:)-' '-$1P+1 $)+/-+*&0$1 M 1+/-&0$1 &0('&*1P'$,-' 0+ /+*1-,$'&,+ /+)+ *+')&0 M &/$%(&J0$3 6-*$)J&'P+K $1(& 1$%&'&/-A*K N:$ $1 Q(-0 %&'& &*&0-F&' /A)+0+1 ,+/$*($1 %$'/-J$* 0& '$&0-,&,K *+ ,$H& ,$ 1$' '$0&(-5&O)$*($ "/(-/-&K M& N:$ 0+1 1:%:$1(+1 N:$ 1:JM&/$* $* &)OJ+1 (-%+1 ,$ +J1(./:0+1 /+)%&'($* 0& )-1)& /+1)+5-1-A*1-)%0-"/&,+'& 1+J'$ 0& $1/:$0& R=-P:'& !S3

?&'& ):/I+1 %'+@$1+'$1 0+1 +J1(./:0+1 $9AP$*+1 1+*0+1 N:$ I&/$* -*5-&J0$1 1:1 ,$1$+1 ,$ /&)J-+3 k 1-$*O,+ /-$'(+ N:$ 1+* 5$',&,$'+1 +J1(./:0+1K /+*1-,$'&)+1K1-* $)J&'P+K N:$ 0+1 +J1(./:0+1 $*,AP$*+1K N:$ %$')&O*$/$* +/:0(+1K -)%-,$* ,$1&''+00&' :*& /+*/-$*/-& %'+O@$1-+*&0 ).1 %+($*($ %&'& &J+',&' 0+1 /+*,-/-+*&*($1$9($'*+1 M %&'& -*!:-' $* 0+1 $1($'$+(-%+1 1+/-&0$1 1+J'$

0& $*1$L&*F& M $0 &%'$*,-F&H$3 ?$*1&' N:$ 0&1 /&:1&1 ,$0+1 %'+J0$)&1 1+* Q*-/&)$*($ $9($'*&1 (-$*$ /+*1$/:$*O/-&1 %&'&0-F&*($13 h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bbb M D&00$*-00&K 7bb<S R=-P:'& !S3 81 *$/$1&'-+&%+M&'1$ $* $00&1 M '$@+'F&'0&1 $* 0+1 %'+/$1+1 ,$ (+)&,$ /+*/-$*/-& ,$ 0+1 +J1(./:0+1 %'+@$1-+*&0$13

Page 5: Porlan Cambio Profesorado de Ciencias v28n1p31

8/18/2019 Porlan Cambio Profesorado de Ciencias v28n1p31

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/porlan-cambio-profesorado-de-ciencias-v28n1p31 5/16

INVESTIGACIÓN DIDÁCTICA 

35ENSEÑANZA DE LAS CIENCIAS, 2010, 28(1)

8* ,$"*-(-5&K $0 /&)J-+ %'+@$1-+*&0 $1 :* %'+/$1+ /+)O%0$H+ M P'&,:&0a ,$ &I> *:$1('+ -*($'^1 %+' -*5$1(-P&' 0&1('&*1-/-+*$1 ,$ 0+1 %'+@$1+'$1 ,$ /-$*/-&1 /:&*,+ %&'(-/-O%&* $* %'+/$1+1 ,$ @+')&/-A* ,$ +'-$*(&/-A* /+*1(':/(-O5-1(& R?+'0.* M ;&'(>* ,$0 ?+F+K 7bbeS3

G/ &)*!") *! -),&%$(2/ +%,% !" $%&M'() *!" +,)-!.),%*) *! $(!/$(%.

Y& @+')&/-A* ,$0 %'+@$1+'&,+ $* $0 .)J-(+ ,$ 0& $*1$L&*OF& ,$ 0&1 /-$*/-&1 1$ I& /+*/'$(&,+ $* :* /:''>/:0:) /+*('$1 /+)%+*$*($1 -*/+*$9+1` 0&1 /-$*/-&1 $9%$'-)$*(&0$1K0&1 /-$*/-&1 ,$ 0& $,:/&/-A* MK $* $0 /&1+ ,$ 0& @+')&/-A*-*-/-&0K $0 %'./(-/:)3 8* 0+1 ,+1 %'-)$'+1 1$ I& &%0-/&,+:*& $1('&($P-& @+')&(-5& J&1&,& $* 0& ('&*1)-1-A* ,$ -*O@+')&/-A*a )-$*('&1 N:$ $* $0 %'./(-/:) I& %'-)&,+ :*

)+,$0+ ,/0")3%),I/3%K 1$PQ* $0 /:&0K $* /+*(&/(+ /+* 0&$1/:$0&K 0+1 1:H$(+1 1+* /&%&/$1 ,$ -*($P'&' 0+1 /+*+/-O)-$*(+1 ($A'-/+1K '$0&/-+*&'0+1 /+* 0& $9%$'-$*/-& M ,$1&O''+00&' :* /+*+/-)-$*(+ %'+@$1-+*&0 ,$ /&0-,&, R?+'0.* MB-5$'+K ![[] M B-5$'+ M ?+'0.* 7bbES3 6-* $)J&'P+K 0&'$&0-,&, $1 ,-@$'$*($3 81($ 1-1($)& ,:&0K 0$H+1 ,$ &M:,&' &0+1 1:H$(+1 & '$/+*1(':-' 1:1 /+*/$%/-+*$1 M $1N:$)&1 ,$&//-A*K 0$1 1&(:'& ,$ /+*+/-)-$*(+ &/&,^)-/+ MK &0 )-1)+(-$)%+K &*:0& 0&1 %+($*/-&0-,&,$1 ('&*1@+')&,+'&1 ,$ ,$O($')-*&,+1 &1%$/(+1 ,$ 0& ($+'>& R?+'0.* $( &03K 7bb!S3

!A 7?:?78D89:@? N=O7@87? N=?P9I8?:;A

81($ $*@+N:$ ,$15$0& :* %'+@:*,+ ,$1/+*+/-)-$*(+ ,$

0& *&(:'&0$F& $%-1($)+0AP-/& ,$ 0& &/(-5-,&, ,+/$*($3

Y& %'./(-/&K $*($*,-,& /+)+ -*($'5$*/-A* @:*,&)$*O(&,& $* 0& '$&0-,&, M *+ /+)+ )$'& &//-A*K '$N:-$'$ ,$:* /+*+/-)-$*(+ ,-@$'$*/-&,+ ,$0 /+*+/-)-$*(+ ,-1O/-%0-*&' M ,$0 /+*+/-)-$*(+ 5-*/:0&,+ & 0& $9%$'-$*O/-&K &0 N:$ ,-5$'1+1 &:(+'$1 ,$*+)-*&* &")"&'$',)3" 0#6&3'&" 0#".,/'")%5 R2??S R?+'0.* $( &03K ![[ea ?+'0.*M B-5$'+K ![[]a D'M&* M _J$00K ![[[a ?+'0.* M B-5$'+K7bb!a g&* #'-$0K D$-H&&', M g$'0++%K 7bb! M c&0&/$ Mi&*PK 7bbES R=-P:'& 7S3 81 -*($'$1&*($ I&/$' :*& /+)O%&'&/-A* $*('$ $1($ /+*/$%(+ M $0 ,$ &")"&'$',)3" +'?+6&3'&" +,5 &")3,)'+" R6I:0)&*K ![]eS3 8* 1: 5$'1-A*+'-P-*&0K $0 2#2 1$ '$@$'>& &0 +"$')'" +,5 &")3,)'+" 0%#% /,# ,)/,@%+" R$* 0& ('&,-/-A* @'&*/$1& 0& 3#%)/0"?/'&'() +'+6&3'&% +/:%& :* $1%&/-+ 1$).*(-/+ ):M 1-O)-0&'S R2I$5&00&',K ![]fS3 80 2#2 %:1+ $* $5-,$*/-&N:$ %&'& $*1$L&' /+*($*-,+1 *+ $'& 1:"/-$*($ /+* ,+O)-*&'0+1K 1-*+ N:$ I&/>& @&0(& &0P+ ).13 6-* $)J&'P+K$* 0& )$,-,& N:$ 0& '$!$9-A* 1+J'$ $0 /+*+/-)-$*(+

%'+@$1-+*&0 I& -,+ &)%0-&*,+ 0+1 1&J$'$1 *$/$1&'-+1%&'& $*1$L&'K $0 2#2 I& -,+ &)%0-&*,+ 1: 1-P*-"/&O,+3 j$)J&0O6&:0K i'&H/-V M D0:)$*@$0, R7bb7SK %+'$H$)%0+K /+*1-,$'&* N:$ :* 1:J/+*H:*(+ ,$0 2#2 $10& #,0#,/,)3%&'() +,5 &")3,)'+"K N:$ &J&'/& $0 /+*+O/-)-$*(+ ,$ ,/3#%3,4'%/ ')/3#:&3'2%/ +, &")3,)'+"/,/0,&I  !&"/ M $0 /+*+/-)-$*(+ +, 5"/ %0#,)+'&,/ F 5%/,B'4,)&'%/ 0%#% 0#"$"2,# :) %0#,)+'>%=, /'4)' !&%?3'2"3 81(& /+*(-*:& &)%0-&/-A* ,$0 /&)%+ 1$).*(-/+,$0 2#2 I& &/&J&,+ %+' &%'+9-)&'0+ & 0+ N:$ +('+1&:(+'$1 ,$*+)-*&*K /'$$)+1 N:$ /+* ).1 &/-$'(+K $02??3 2+)+ /:&0N:-$' +('+ /+*+/-)-$*(+ %'+@$1-+*&0 +,-1/-%0-*&'K $0 2?? 1A0+ %:$,$ %'+,:/-'1$ & %&'(-' ,$ 0&-*5$1(-P&/-A* ,$ 0+1 %'+J0$)&1 '$0$5&*($1 ,$0 .)J-(+$%-1($)+0AP-/+ $1%$/> "/+K $1 ,$/-'K ,$ 0+1 %'+J0$)&1

%'./(-/+1 %'+@$1-+*&0$1 R???S3

=-P:'& !El cambio del profesorado: situación de partida.

Page 6: Porlan Cambio Profesorado de Ciencias v28n1p31

8/18/2019 Porlan Cambio Profesorado de Ciencias v28n1p31

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/porlan-cambio-profesorado-de-ciencias-v28n1p31 6/16

INVESTIGACIÓN DIDÁCTICA 

36 ENSEÑANZA DE LAS CIENCIAS, 2010, 28(1)

 ?:$1 J-$*K $*('$ $0 /+*+/-)-$*(+ &/&,^)-/+ M $0 /+*+O/-)-$*(+ $* 0& &//-A* $9-1($ :* ,/0%&'" ,0'/3,$"5(4'&" ,$1&%'+5$/I&,+3 #-/I+ $1%&/-+ /+*$/(& /+* 0& ($+'>& M/+* 0& &//-A* M %$')-($ -*($P'&' @'&P)$*(+1 ,$ &)J+1(-%+1 ,$ /+*+/-)-$*(+1 $* $1N:$)&1 +'P&*-F&,+1 $* (+'O*+ & 0+1 ??? R=0+'$1 $( &03K 7bbbS R=-P:'& 7S3 2+*1(-(:M$:*& 1-)%0-"/&/-A* /'$$' N:$ I&M :*& '$0&/-A* ,-'$/(& $*O('$ ($+'>& M &//-A*K %:$1 -)%0-/& -P*+'&' N:$ 0& 0AP-/& ,$/:&0N:-$' /+*+/-)-$*(+ $1 ,$:,+'& ,$ 0+1 %'+J0$)&1K 0+1"*$1 M 0+1 /+*($9(+1 N:$ 0$1 1+* %'+%-+13 _1>K )-$*('&1/&,& ,-1/-%0-*& -)%0-/&,& $* 0& @+')&/-A* (-$*$ :* ,-1O/:'1+ '$0&(-5+ & :*& 0%#3, ,$0 3"+" P0+J&0 ,$ 0+1 %'+/$1+1,$ $*1$L&*F&O&%'$*,-F&H$K $0 /+*+/-)-$*(+ 5-*/:0&,+ &0& &//-A* $1K /+)+ 5$*-)+1 ,-/-$*,+K (./-(+K M $1(. +'P&O*-F&,+ $* ':(-*&1 '$0&(-5&1 & %'+J0$)&1 /+*/'$(+1 M @:*O/-+*&0$13

80 /+*+/-)-$*(+ %'+@$1-+*&0 *+ %:$,$ 1$'K %+' (&*(+K 0&

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bb7 M B-5$'+ M ?+'0.*K 7bbES3

-?=D;78Q: B9 N=?P9I?=9I N;=; 8:R9I@8>;= A; N=O7@87;='$*($ & $1(+K ,$1,$ I&/$ M& &0P:*+1 &L+1K 1$ 5-$*$* $9O%$'-)$*(&,+ %'+%:$1(&1 J&1&,&1 $* %$'1%$/(-5&1 ($A'-/&1N:$ /+)%&'(-)+1 M N:$ /:$1(-+*&* 0+1 @:*,&)$*(+1 ,$0)+,$0+ ,$ @+')&/-A* ,$1/'-(+3 h+1 '$@$'-)+1 & %$'1%$/O(-5&1 /+)+` ,5 &%$<'" &")&,03:%5  Rk-%K 7bb!Sa ,5 &")/?3#:&3'2'/$" R#^1&:($01 $( &03K ![[<K ?+'0.*K ![[<a c&((1 Md+"0-K ![[]a =0+'$1 $( &03K 7bbb M Y-&*P M C&J$0K 7bbfSa ,5/'/3,$'/$" F 5% &"$05,='+%+  RC&'/>&K ![[] M =0+'$1 $( &03K7bbbSa 5% 0,#/0,&3'2% &#I3'&% Rc&((1 M d+"0-K ![[] M 2+%$O00+ M 6&*)&'(>K 7bb!Sa 5% ')3,#%&&'() /"&'%5 F 5%/ #,+,/ F&"$:)'+%+,/ +, %0#,)+'>%=, R_'-&1K =0+'$1 M ?+'0.*K 7bb!M Y-&*P M C&J$0K 7bbfSa 5% #, " ,B'() F 5% ')2,/3'4%&'() R2&L&0 $( &03K ![[\a j$)J&0O6&:0K D0:)$*@$0, M i'&H/-VK

7bbba D'M&*K 7bb< M B-5$'+ M ?+'0.*K 7bbfS M 5% $,3%&"4?)'&'() R2+%$00+ M 6&*)&'(>K 7bb!S3

8* *:$1('+ /&1+K 5$*-)+1 ('&J&H&*,+ /+)+ @+')&,+'$1$ -*5$1(-P&,+'$1 $* :* )+,$0+ J&1&,+ $* 0+1 %'-*/-%-+1($A'-/+1 )$*/-+*&,+1 M &0 N:$ &/(:&0)$*($ ,$*+)-*&O)+1 =+')&/-A* ,$ ?'+@$1+'$1 %&'& W*5$1(-P&' 0& ?'./(-/&R=l?W?S R?+'0.* M C&'/>&K ![[7a ;&'(>* ,$0 ?+F+K ![[Ea?+'0.* M B-5$'+K ![[]a _F/.'&($ M 2:$1(&K 7bbfa _F/.'&($M 2&1('+K 7bbea ?-FF&(+ M Z&''$1K 7bb\S3 #-/I+ )+,$0+$1 :* ,$1&''+00+ ,$0 ?'+M$/(+ 2:''-/:0&' WB86 RW*5$1(-P&O/-A* M B$*+5&/-A* 81/+0&'S MK /+*/'$(&)$*($K ,$0 ,-1$L+%&'& 0& @+')&/-A* ,$0 %'+@$1+'&,+ W*5$1(-P&*,+ h:$1('&?'./(-/& RWh?SK $0&J+'&,+ & %'-*/-%-+ ,$ 0+1 [b %+' $0 C':O%+ W*5$1(-P&/-A* $* 0& 81/:$0& R![[7S3 80 ?'+M$/(+ 2:''-O

/:0&' WB86 $1 0& '$@$'$*/-& ($A'-/& ,$0 /+0$/(-5+ ,+/$*($B8# WB86K &0 /:&0 %$'($*$/$)+1 RUUU3'$,-'$13*$(S3

8* $1($ )+,$0+ 1$ '$1&0(& 0& -,$& ,$ ')2,/3'4%&'() +, 5% 0#6&3'&% 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̂ 1(& $1K %+' (&*(+K :* -*1O

(':)$*(+ %+($*($ %&'& 1-*($(-F&' 0&1 /&'&/($'>1(-/&1 ,$ :*)+,$0+ ,$ @+')&/-A* @&5+'$/$,+' ,$0 /&)J-+ %'+@$1-+O*&0 R2'&U@+',K ![[[ M Z&$@@*$' M j$)J&0O6&:0K 7bbESR=-P:'& 7S3 ?+' +('+ 0&,+K I$)+1 %0&*($&,+ 0& *$/$1-,&,,$ N:$ 1$/(+'$1 1-P*-"/&(-5+1 ,$0 %'+@$1+'&,+ 1$ -)%0-ON:$* $* 0& /+*1('://-A* ,$0 2??a %:$1 J-$*K 0& -*5$1(-P&O/-A* $1 N:-F. 0& )$H+' $1('&($P-& %&'& /+*1$P:-'0+3

?$'+ m/:.0$1 1+* 0+1 %'+J0$)&1 '$0$5&*($1 ,$ 0& %'+@$O1-A*nK mN:^ ??? %:$,$* /+*1(-(:-' $0 $H$ ,$ 0& @+')&/-A*,$0 %'+@$1+'&,+K @&5+'$/-$*,+ 0& -*($P'&/-A* ,$ 0+1 /+*+O/-)-$*(+1 ($A'-/+1 M 0& $9%$'-$*/-&n ?+' *:$1('& %&'($K 5$O*-)+1 &P':%&*,+ 0+1 ??? $* *Q/0$+1 P$*$'&0$1 N:$ +'P&O*-F&* $0 /:''>/:0:) @+')&(-5+ R?+'0.* $( &03K ![[ea ?+'0.*M B-5$'+K ![[]a ;&'(>* ,$0 ?+F+ M B-5$'+K 7bb!a Z&''$1

$( &03K 7bbf M B-5$'+ M ?+'0.* 7bbfS3 2+*/'$(&)$*($K $*$0 /&1+ ,$ 0& $*1$L&*F& ,$ 0&1 /-$*/-&1K %'+%+*$)+1 0+11-P:-$*($1`

 K LM:65,/ +,<,) /,# 5"/  !),/ +, 5% ,)/,@%)>% +, 5%/&',)&'%/nK mN:^ )+,$0+ %$'1+*&0 M 1+/-+&)J-$*(&0 1$%'$($*,$ @&5+'$/$'n333

 K LN:A /%<,$"/ 5"/ +"&,)3,/ %&,#&% +, 5"/ 3(0'&"/ +,5&:##I&:5" +, &',)&'%/OK mN:^ ,$J$'>&)+1 1&J$'n333

 K LN:A '+,%/ 3',),) 5"/ %5:$)"/ ,) #,5%&'() &") 5"/ .,?)($,)"/ E:, ,/3:+'% 5% &',)&'%OK m/A)+ %+,$)+1 &*&O0-F&'0&1n333

 K LM:65 ,/ 5% )%3:#%5,>% +, 5"/ &")3,)'+"/ ,/&"5%#,/OK mN:^@:$*($1 ,$ /+*+/-)-$*(+ 1$0$//-+*&'nK mN:^ (-%+1 ,$ /+*O($*-,+1 $9-1($*nK mN:^ '$0&/-+*$1 I&M $*('$ $00+1n333

 K LN:A $,3"+"5"4I% +, ,)/,@%)>% ,/ $6/ %+,&:%+% 0%#% .%2"#,&,# 5% ,2"5:&'() +, 5%/ '+,%/ +, 5"/ %5:$)"/OKmN:^ 1$/:$*/-& ,$ &/(-5-,&,$1 %'+):$5$ )$H+' $0 &%'$*O,-F&H$nK m/A)+ &J+',&' 0& ,-5$'1-,&, ,$0 &0:)*&,+n333

 K LM($" ,2%5:%# +, $%),#% E:, /'#2% 0%#% $,="#%# ,5%0#,)+'>%=, +, 5"/ %5:$)"/ F 5% ,)/,@%)>% +,5 0#".,?/"#OJ mN:^ %&%$0 ,$J$* H:P&' &0:)*+1 M %'+@$1+'$1n333

 K LM($" +,/%##"55%# :)% :)'+%+ +'+6&3'&% ,) ,5 &%/" +,5% ,)/,@%)>% +, 5%/ &',)&'%/O333

Page 7: Porlan Cambio Profesorado de Ciencias v28n1p31

8/18/2019 Porlan Cambio Profesorado de Ciencias v28n1p31

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/porlan-cambio-profesorado-de-ciencias-v28n1p31 7/16

INVESTIGACIÓN DIDÁCTICA 

37ENSEÑANZA DE LAS CIENCIAS, 2010, 28(1)

 K LM($" +,/%##"55%# :) &:#/" &"$05,3"OJ mN:^ %'+P'$O1-A* ,$0 &%'$*,-F&H$ /-$*(> "/+ ,$ 0+1 &0:)*+1 %:$,$1$'5-' ,$ '$@$'$*/-&n333

 K LM:65 ,/ $' $"+,5" +'+6&3'&" 0,#/")%5 CPQ-D 0%#% 5%,)/,@%)>% +, 5%/ &',)&'%/nK m/:.0$1 1+* )-1 %'-*/-%-+1,-,./(-/+1nK m/A)+ )-*-)-F&' 0+1 +J1(./:0+1 %'+/$,$*O($1 ,$0 /+*($9(+ $1/+0&'K 1+/-&0 M /:0(:'&0nK m/A)+ &J+',&')-1 /+*!-/(+1 $)+/-+*&0$1 &1+/-&,+1 & 0+1 /&)J-+1n333

2+)+ I$)+1 ,-/I+K $0 )+,$0+ =l?W? %0&*($& :*& $1O('&($P-& %&'& I&/$' $5+0:/-+*&' 0&1 /+*/$%/-+*$1 M 0&1&//-+*$1 ,$ 0+1 %'+@$1+'$1 & %&'(-' ,$ 0& -*5$1(-P&/-A*,$ 0+1 ???3 j$)J&0O6&:0K D0:)$*@$0, M i'&H/-V R7bbbS%'+%+*$* :* &'&5" +, ."#$%&'() J&1&,+ $* 0& '$1+0:/-A*,$ %'+J0$)&1 /+* ('$1 @&1$1` %0&*-"/&/-A* ,$ %'+%:$1(&1/:''-/:0&'$1K &%0-/&/-A* $* 1-(:&/-+*$1 '$&0$1 M '$!$9-A*1+J'$ 0+ 1:/$,-,+3 8* 0& )-1)& 0>*$&K 0& $1('&($P-& N:$

%'+%+*$)+1 -)%0-/& 0&1 1-P:-$*($1 @&1$1` K l'P&*-F&' 0& @+')&/-A* $* (+'*+ & $N:-%+1 RC:1(&@1+*

M B+U$00K ![[fa g&* #'-$0K D$-H&&', M g$'0++%K 7bb! MY-&*P M C&J$0K 7bbfS3

 K T'&J&H&' /+* (A%-/+1 '$0$5&*($1 M /+* &N:$00& 1$0$//-A*,$ ??? ).1 &,$/:&,& %&'& /&,& /&1+ R2+%$00+ M 6&*O)&'(>K 7bb!S3

 K T+)&' /+*/-$*/-& ,$ 0&1 %'+%-&1 /+*/$%/-+*$1 M $1N:$O)&1 ,$ &//-A* $* '$0&/-A* /+* 0+1 ??? 1$0$//-+*&,+1R-*"'-$*,+ $0 ;#? 1:JM&/$*($S RC:1(&@1+* M B+U$00K![[fa D'M&* M _J$00K ![[[ M D'M&*K 7bb<S3

 K _*&0-F&' ,-/I&1 /+*/$%/-+*$1 M %+*$'0&1 $* /+*('&1($/+* /+*+/-)-$*(+1 %'+/$,$*($1 ,$ 0&1 ,-1/-%0-*&1K ,$ 0&$9%$'-$*/-& -**+5&,+'& M ,$ 0& -*5$1(-P&/-A* ,-,./(-/&RD'M&* M _J$00K ![[[ M D'M&*K 7bb<S3

 K 81(':/(:'&' 0&1 *:$5&1 /+*/$%/-+*$1 M $1N:$)&1 ,$&//-A* $* (+'*+ & :* ,-1$L+ /:''-/:0&' &0($'*&(-5+ %&'&0& $*1$L&*F& ,$0 (A%-/+ 1$0$//-+*&,+ RC:1(&@1+* MB+U$00K ![[fa 6&*/I$F M g&0/&'/$0K 7bbb M j$)J&0O6&:0K D0:)$*@$0, M i'&H/-VK 7bbbS3

 K 89%$'-)$*(&' $0 ,-1$L+ -*5$1(-P&*,+ 1: @:*/-+*&)-$*O(+ '$&0 RZ+U$ M 6(:JJ1K ![[\a c&((1 M d+"0-K ![[] Mj$)J&0O6&:0K i'&H/-V M D0:)$*@$0,K 7bb7S3

 K 80&J+'&' /+*/0:1-+*$1 1+J'$ 0& $9%$'-$*/-& :(-0-F&*,+I&J-0-,&,$1 )$(&/+P*-(-5&1 %&'& /+)%&'&' 0&1 /+*/$%O/-+*$1 M $1N:$)&1 "*&0$1 /+* 0+1 -*-/-&0$1K /+)%'$*O

,$' 0& 0AP-/& ,$0 %'+/$1+ M @+')&0-F&' :* ;#? @:*,&O)$*(&,+ Rj$)J&0O6&:0K D0:)$*@$0, M i'&H/-VK 7bbb M2+%$00+ M 6&*)&'(>K 7bb!S3

 K 80&J+'&' M ,-@:*,-' )&($'-&0$1 /:''-/:0&'$1 /+)+ @+')&,$ 1-1($)&(-F&' $0 2?? 1:'P-,+ ,$ 0& $9%$'-$*/-& RZ+U$M 6(:JJ1K ![[\ M ;$00&,+K 7bb!S3

8* 0& "P:'& 7 1$ %'+%+*$ :*& $1('&($P-& P0+J&0 M ($)O%+'&0 %&'& $0 /&)J-+3 _:*N:$ *+ 1$ ,$1&''+00& %+' '&OF+*$1 ,$ $1%&/-+K 1$ -*/0:M$ 0& -,$& ,$ N:$ 0&1 %+0>(-/&1$,:/&(-5&1 ,$J$* /$*('&'1$ $* )$H+'&' 0&1 /+*,-/-+*$1$1(':/(:'&0$1 M &)J-$*(&0$1 M *+ (&*(+ $* ,$1&''+00&')&'/+1 0$P&0$13

=-P:'& 7

El cambio del profesorado: estrategia global deseable.

Page 8: Porlan Cambio Profesorado de Ciencias v28n1p31

8/18/2019 Porlan Cambio Profesorado de Ciencias v28n1p31

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/porlan-cambio-profesorado-de-ciencias-v28n1p31 8/16

INVESTIGACIÓN DIDÁCTICA 

38 ENSEÑANZA DE LAS CIENCIAS, 2010, 28(1)

 !A 7C=I? !"#$%&$'"#%( *% +"( ,+-.#"( % /##"01$'2#!-33'$-+13 0 C:; ;N?=@;78Q: 7?:7=9@;

80 )+,$0+ =l?W? $1 :* )&'/+ ,$ '$@$'$*/-& P$*$'&0 %&'&0& @+')&/-A* ,$0 %'+@$1+'&,+ M %:$,$ /+*/'$(&'1$ $* ,-O@$'$*($1 %'+%:$1(&1 ,$%$*,-$*,+ ,$ 0+1 ??? N:$ 1$ &J+'O,$*K ,$0 *-5$0 $,:/&(-5+ M ,$0 .'$& /:''-/:0&'3

8* '$0&/-A* /+* 0+1 ???K Z$U1+* M Z$U1+* R![]\S %'+O%+*$* +'P&*-F&' 0& @+')&/-A* ,$0 %'+@$1+'&,+ ,$ /-$*/-&1$* (+'*+ &0 &*.0-1-1 ,$ 0&1 /+*/$%/-+*$1 ,$ 0+1 &0:)*+1 M&0 ,-1$L+ ,$ 1$/:$*/-&1 ,$ &/(-5-,&,$1 %&'& %'+)+5$' $0/&)J-+ /+*/$%(:&03 #$ -P:&0 )&*$'&K j$)J&0O6&:0K D0:O)$*@$0, M i'&H/-V R7bbbS &"')&* N:$ 1$ /+*+/$ %+/+1+J'$ N:^ &1%$/(+1 ,$ 0+1 /:'1+1 ,$ @+')&/-A* %'+5+/&*/&)J-+1K &:*N:$ %&'$/$ N:$ 0&1 &/(-5-,&,$1 '$0&/-+*&,&1/+* 0&1 -,$&1 ,$ 0+1 &0:)*+1 H:$P&* :* %&%$0 $1$*/-&03

?+' +('+ 0&,+K D'M&* M _J$00 R![[[S ,$1(&/&* 0& -)%+'O(&*/-& N:$ (-$*$ %&'& $0 /&)J-+ ,$ /+*/$%/-+*$1 ,$ 0+1$1(:,-&*($1 ,$ )&P-1($'-+ $0 5-5-' $9%$'-$*/-&1 ,$ $*1$OL&*F& /+I$'$*($1 /+* )&'/+1 ,$ '$@$'$*/-& &0($'*&(-5+13

D&1.*,+*+1 $* $1(&1 &%+'(&/-+*$1 M $* *:$1('& $9%$'-$*O/-&K I$)+1 %'+J&,+ ,-@$'$*($1 /+)J-*&/-+*$1 ,$ ???J:1/&*,+ 0& N:$ -*/-,-$'& ).1 $"/&F)$*($ $* $0 /&)J-+,$ 0+1 1:H$(+13 2+*/'$(&)$*($K $* 0+1 Q0(-)+1 &L+1 5$*-O)+1 $9%$'-)$*(&*,+ :* /:'1+ ,$ !7 1$)&*&1 ,$ ,:'&O/-A* N:$ ,$*+)-*&)+1 M")&,0&'"),/ +, 5"/ R5:$)"/ , 1))"2%&'() M:##'&:5%# R2_W2S3 #-/I+ /:'1+ 1$ I& &%0-O/&,+ $* 0& @+')&/-A* -*-/-&0 ,$ )&$1('+1 M $* &0P:*+1/&1+1 ,$ @+')&/-A* -*-/-&0 ,$0 %'+@$1+'&,+ ,$ 1$/:*,&'-&M ,$ @+')&/-A* %$')&*$*($3 #:'&*($ 1: ,$1&''+00+K 0+1

%&'(-/-%&*($1 1-P:$* :*& 1$/:$*/-&!

$9-J0$ ,$ &/(-5-,&O,$1 $* (+'*+ & ('$1 ???`

STCU 8B9;I @89:9: A?I ;ACD:?IV

 R&3'2'+%+ ST 1)3#"+:&&'() o ?'$1$*(&/-A*3 =+')&/-A* ,$ $N:-%+13 6$0$//-A* ,$ :*

(A%-/+3 o 2+*1$P:-' !b &0:)*+1 ,$ %'-)&'-& %+' %$'1+*& %&'&

-*5$1(-P&' 1:1 -,$&13

 R&3'2'+%+ UT -#'$,#% 2,#/'() +, :) &:,/3'")%#'" o ?'$5-& '$!$9-A* -*,-5-,:&0K 0+1 $N:-%+1 $0&J+'&* :*

/:$1(-+*&'-+ %&'& &5$'-P:&' 0&1 -,$&1 ,$ 0+1 &0:)*+1

1+J'$ $0 (A%-/+ $0$P-,+K -*,-/&*,+ 0& 0AP-/& :(-0-F&,&3 o ?:$1(& $* /+)Q* & %&'(-' ,$ 0& $9%+1-/-A* ,$ ,+1 /&1+13Y+1 $N:-%+1 )$H+'&* 1: /:$1(-+*&'-+3

 R&3'2'+%+ VT R0"#3%&'"),/ +, 5% ')2,/3'4%&'() +'+6&3'&% o ?'$1$*(&/-A* ,$ $H$)%0+1 ,$ /:$1(-+*&'-+1 M ,$ -,$&1 ,$

0+1 &0:)*+1 1+J'$ ,-5$'1+1 @$*A)$*+1 R$1(':/(:'& ,$ 0&)&($'-&K /+*/$%(+ ,$ 5-,&K ,-P$1(-A*pS3 _*.0-1-1 $* P'&*P':%+3 Y+1 $N:-%+1 )$H+'&* 1: /:$1(-+*&'-+3

 o Y$/(:'& -*,-5-,:&0 ,$ ($9(+1 1+J'$ -,$&1 ,$ 0+1 &0:)*+1M &%'$*,-F&H$3 #$J&($ $* $N:-%+ 1+J'$ /&)J-+1 & -*('+O,:/-' $* $0 /:$1(-+*&'-+ ,$1%:^1 ,$ 0& 0$/(:'&3 #$J&($P$*$'&0 1+J'$ 0& 0$/(:'&3

 o B$1%+*,$' $* $N:-%+ &0 P:-A*` LM($" 8%&,# :) &:,/?3'")%#'"O R_*$9+ !S3

 R&3'2'+%+ WT 95%<"#%# F %+$')'/3#%# ,5 &:,/3'")%#'" +,? !)'3'2" o 80&J+'&' $* $N:-%+ 0& 5$'1-A* ,$"*-(-5&K -*,-/&*,+ 0&

0AP-/& :(-0-F&,&3 2+)%&'&' 0& %'-)$'& M 0& Q0(-)& 5$'O1-A* ,$0 /:$1(-+*&'-+3 ;$(&''$!$9-A* 1+J'$ $0 %'+/$1+,$ /&)J-+3

 o ?:$1(& $* /+)Q* & %&'(-' ,$ 0& $9%+1-/-A* ,$ ,+1 /&1+132+*/0:1-+*$1 1+J'$ -*1(':)$*(+1 %&'& ,$($/(&' -,$&1,$ 0+1 &0:)*+13

 o _,)-*-1('&' $0 /:$1(-+*&'-+3

 R&3'2'+%+ XT 9/3:+'" 0'5"3" o Y+1 $N:-%+1 ,$/-,$* :*& %'-)$'& 5$'1-A* ,$0 )^(+,+

,$ &*.0-1-1 M 0+ &%0-/&* & !b /:$1(-+*&'-+13 o ?:$1(& $* /+)Q* & %&'(-' ,$ 0& $9%+1-/-A* ,$ ,+1 /&1+13

Y+1 $N:-%+1 '$5-1&* $0 )^(+,+ ,$ &*.0-1-13

 R&3'2'+%+ YT R0"#3%&'"),/ +, 5% ')2,/3'4%&'() +'+6&3'&%

 o B$1%+*,$' -*,-5-,:&0)$*($ & :* /:$1(-+*&'-+ 1+J'$ :*/+*($*-,+ /+*/'$(+3 o 8* $N:-%+K /0&1-"/&' %+' *-5$0$1 ,$ /+)%0$H-,&, 0&1

-,$&1 ,$ 0+1 &0:)*+1 1+J'$ $0 )-1)+ /+*($*-,+3 #$1O/'-J-' 0+1 +J1(./:0+1 $*('$ *-5$0$13

 o Z&/$' 0+ )-1)+ /+* 1:1 '$1%:$1(&1 &0 /:$1(-+*&'-+ &*O($'-+'3 2+)%&'&' 0&1 '$1%:$1(&1 ,$ 0+1 &0:)*+1 /+* 0&11:M&13 #$J&($ 1+J'$ -,$&1 $1/+0&'$1 M $1%+*(.*$&1K *-O5$0 ,$ @+'):0&/-A*K +J1(./:0+1p

 o ?'$1$*(&/-A* ,$ $H$)%0+1 ,$ &*.0-1-1 ,$ -,$&1 ,$ 0+1&0:)*+13 #$J&($ $* P'&* P':%+3 Y+1 $N:-%+1 )$H+'&*1: )^(+,+3

 o B$1%+*,$' $* $N:-%+ &0 P:-A*` LM($" %)%5'>%# 5%/'+,%/ +, 5"/ %5:$)"/O R_*$9+ 7S3

 R&3'2'+%+ ZT 9/3:+'" &"$05,3" o Y+1 $N:-%+1 ,$/-,$* M &%0-/&* & (+,& 0& ):$1('& 0& 5$'O1-A* ,$"*-(-5& ,$0 )^(+,+3

 o ?:$1(& $* /+)Q* & %&'(-' ,$ 0& $9%+1-/-A* ,$ ,+1 $N:-O%+1 1+J'$ $0 &*.0-1-1 M 0+1 '$1:0(&,+1 N:$ 5&* +J($*-$*O,+3 6$ '$5-1& $0 )^(+,+ ,$ &*.0-1-13

 o B$!$9-A* )$(&/+P*-(-5& 1+J'$ 0& )$(+,+0+P>& ,$ &*.O0-1-13 B$1:0(&,+1 M /+*1$/:$*/-&1 ,-,./(-/&13

STCU 7?:@9:8B?I 9:I9J;=V

 R&3'2'+%+ [T -#'$,#% 0#"0:,/3%  o ?'$5-& '$!$9-A* -*,-5-,:&0 M ($*-$*,+ $* /:$*(& 0+1 '$O

1:0(&,+1 &*($'-+'$1K $0&J+'&' $* $N:-%+ :*& %'+%:$1(&

,$ /+*($*-,+1 %&'& $0 (A%-/+ $0$P-,+3 o ?:$1(& $* /+)Q* & %&'(-' ,$ ,+1 /&1+13 6$ )$H+'&* 0+1/+*($*-,+13

 R&3'2'+%+ \T R0"#3%&'"),/ +, 5% ')2,/3'4%&'() +'+6&3'?&%

 o ?'$1$*(&/-A* ,$ $H$)%0+1 ,$ /+*($*-,+1 /+* ,-5$'1-,&,,$ (-%+1K @:$*($1K +'P&*-F&/-A*K %'$1$*(&/-A* M *-5$0$13#$J&($3 6$ )$H+'&* 0+1 /+*($*-,+13

 o Y$/(:'& -*,-5-,:&0 ,$ ($9(+1 1+J'$ 0+1 /+*($*-,+13 #$OJ&($ $* $N:-%+ 1+J'$ /&)J-+1 & -*('+,:/-' $* 0+1 /+*O($*-,+1 ,$1%:^1 ,$ 0& 0$/(:'&3 #$J&($ P$*$'&0 1+J'$ 0&0$/(:'&3

 o B$1%+*,$' $* $N:-%+ &0 P:-A*` LN:A &")3,)'+"/ ,)/,?@%#O R_*$9+ <S3

Page 9: Porlan Cambio Profesorado de Ciencias v28n1p31

8/18/2019 Porlan Cambio Profesorado de Ciencias v28n1p31

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/porlan-cambio-profesorado-de-ciencias-v28n1p31 9/16

INVESTIGACIÓN DIDÁCTICA 

39ENSEÑANZA DE LAS CIENCIAS, 2010, 28(1)

 R&3'2'+%+ ]T -#"0:,/3% +, !)'3'2% o 80&J+'&' $* $N:-%+ 0& %'+%:$1(& ,$"*-(-5& ,$ /+*($O

*-,+1 %&'& $0 (A%-/+3 2+)%&'&' 0& %'-)$'& M 0& Q0(-)&%'+%:$1(& ,$ /+*($*-,+13 ;$(&''$!$9-A* 1+J'$ $0 %'+O/$1+ ,$ /&)J-+3

 o ?:$1(& $* /+)Q* & %&'(-' ,$ ,+1 /&1+13 2+*/0:1-+*$11+J'$ 0+1 /+*($*-,+1 R@:$*($1K (-%+1K +'P&*-F&/-A*pS3

STCU NA;: B9 ;7@8R8B;B9I 9A;H?=;=V

 R&3'2'+%+ UST -#'$,# 05%) o ?'$5-& '$!$9-A* -*,-5-,:&0 M ($*-$*,+ $* /:$*(& 0+ &*O

($'-+'K $0&J+'&' 0& %'-)$'& 5$'1-A* ,$0 %0&* ,$ &/(-5-O,&,$13

 o ?:$1(& $* /+)Q* & %&'(-' ,$ ,+1 /&1+1 M &*.0-1-1 ,$0)+,$0+ )$(+,+0AP-/+ 1:JM&/$*($3 6$ )+,-"/&* 0+1%0&*$1 ,$ &/(-5-,&,$13

 R&3'2'+%+ UUT R0"#3%&'"),/ +, 5% ')2,/3'4%&'() +'+6&3'?&%

 o ?'$1$*(&/-A* ,$ $H$)%0+1 ,$ &/(-5-,&,$1K 1$/:$*/-&1K)+,$0+1 )$(+,+0AP-/+1K $(/3 6$ )$H+'&* 0+1 %0&*$1 ,$&/(-5-,&,$13

 o Y$/(:'& -*,-5-,:&0 ,$ ($9(+1 1+J'$ )$(+,+0+P>&3 #$J&O($ $* $N:-%+ 1+J'$ 0+1 /&)J-+1 & -*('+,:/-' $* $0 %0&*,$ &/(-5-,&,$1 ,$1%:^1 ,$ 0& 0$/(:'&3 #$J&($ P$*$'&01+J'$ 0& 0$/(:'&3

 o B$1%+*,$' $* $N:-%+ &0 P:-A*` LN:A 05%) +, %&3'2'+%?+,/ ,5%<"#%#O R_*$9+ ES3

 R&3'2'+%+ UVT -5%) +, !)'3'2" o 80&J+'&' 0& 5$'1-A* ,$"*-(-5&3

 o ?:$1(& $* /+)Q* & %&'(-' ,$ ,+1 /&1+13 B$!

$9-A* )$(&O/+P*-(-5& 1+J'$ )$(+,+0+P>& ,$ $*1$L&*F& R&/(-5-,&,K1$/:$*/-& ,$ &/(-5-,&,$1K )+,$0+1 )$(+,+0AP-/+1pS3

8* 0+1 /&1+1 ,$ @+')&/-A* -*-/-&0K ,$J-,+ & 0& 1$%&'&O/-A* N:$ $9-1($ $*('$ &1-P*&(:'&1 M %'./(-/:)K $0 2_W2*+ -*/0:M$ :*& @&1$ ,$ &%0-/&/-A*3 6-* $)J&'P+K $* 0+1/&1+1 ,$ @+')&/-A* %$')&*$*($K 1$ %+*$ $* %'./(-/& M 1$$5&0Q& $0 %0&* ,-1$L&,+3

$)/$"G.()/!.

2+-*/-,-$*,+ /+* $0 "*&0 ,$ $1($ &'(>/:0+K 1$ ,&* & /+O*+/$' 0+1 '$1:0(&,+1 ,$0 -*@+')$ ?W6_ Rg&'-+1 &:(+'$1K7bb\S N:$ $* $1(& +/&1-A* %+*$ $0 ^*@&1-1 $* $0 &%'$*O,-F&H$ /-$*(> "/+3 Y&1 /+*/0:1-+*$1 &%:*(&* $* 0& )-1)&,-'$//-A* N:$ $0 ,-&P*A1(-/+ /+* $0 N:$ /+)$*F&)+1`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

*&0$1 M /+*1(':M$*,+ &N:$00&1 +('&1 N:$ ,$1&''+00$* 0&1/&%&/-,&,$1 ,$ 0+1 &0:)*+13

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 0#"&,/" ."#$%3'2" &")/3#:&3'2'/3%3 ?:$1 J-$*K $1 *:$1('&

-*($*/-A* I&/$' &%+'(&/-+*$1 $* $1($ 1$*(-,+3 8* $1($ &'O(>/:0+ I$)+1 ('&(&,+ ,$ ,$1/'-J-' $0 $1(&,+ &/(:&0 ,$ 0&$*1$L&*F& ,$ 0& /-$*/-& M ,$0 %'+@$1+'&,+K ,$ &'P:)$*(&'0&1 /&'&/($'>1(-/&1 ,$0 2?? ,$1$&J0$ M ,$ @:*,&)$*(&':* )+,$0+ @+')&(-5+ N:$ %'+):$5& $0 /&)J-+ & ('&5^1,$ 0& -*5$1(-P&/-A* ,$ 0+1 ???3 8* $0 %'A9-)+ &'(>/:0+%'$1$*(&'$)+1 M &*&0-F&'$)+1 &0P:*+1 '3'),#%#'"/ +, 0#"4#,/'() ,$ ,-@$'$*($1 ):$1('&1 ,$ 1:H$(+1 ,:'&*($ 1:%&'(-/-%&/-A* $* $0 /:'1+ M")&,0&'"),/ +, 5"/ R5:$)"/, 1))"2%&'() M:##'&:5%#3

Page 10: Porlan Cambio Profesorado de Ciencias v28n1p31

8/18/2019 Porlan Cambio Profesorado de Ciencias v28n1p31

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/porlan-cambio-profesorado-de-ciencias-v28n1p31 10/16

INVESTIGACIÓN DIDÁCTICA 

40 ENSEÑANZA DE LAS CIENCIAS, 2010, 28(1)

 

_C4WBB8K d3;3K Z_CC8BTkK 63;3 M YWh#8BK 23d3 R![[bS36(:,$*(O($&/I$'1X /+*/$%(-+*1 +@ 1/-$*/$K ($&/I-*P &*,0$&'*-*P` & /&1$ 1(:,M -* %'$1$'5-/$ 1/-$*/$ $,:/&(-+*3 1)3,#?)%3'")%5 ^":#)%5 ". _&',)&, 9+:&%3'")K !7RESK %%3 <]!O<[b3

_BW_6K ;3#3K =YlB863 _3 M ?lBYqhK B3 R7bb!S3 ;,+,/ +,$%,/3#"/T `)% %53,#)%3'2% 0%#% 5% 3#%)/."#$%&'() ,/&"5%# 36$5-00&` #>&,&3

_6TlY=WK d3?3 R![[ES3 80 ('&J&H+ ,-,./(-/+ ,$ 0+1 +J1(./:0+1K$* $0 /+'&FA* ,$ 0+1 &%'$*,-F&H$1 /-$*(> "/+13 9)/,@%)>% +,5%/ M',)&'%/K !7R7SK %%3 7beO7!e3

_6TlY=WK d3?3 R![[\S3 M")&,03"/ &5%2,/ ,) 5% Q'+6&3'&% +, 5%/ Q'/&'05')%/3 6$5-00&` #>&,&3

_j2qB_T8K ?3 M 2486T_K d3 R7bbfS3 80 %'+@$1+'&,+ *+5$0 ,$ 1$O/:*,&'-& M 1: %'./(-/&3 81(:,-+ ,$ :* /&1+ $* 0&1 .'$&1 ,$ /-$*O

/-&13 9)/,@%)>% +, 5%/ M',)&'%/K 7<R<SK %%3 <[<OEb73_j2qB_T8K ?3 M 2_6TBlK Y3 R7bbeS3 Y& $5+0:/-A* ,$ 0&1

-,$&1 %'+@$1-+*&0$1 M 0& '$!$9-A*` 4* J-*+)-+ *$/$1&'-+3N:%+#%)3, rg R! M 7SK %%3 <<OeE3

D_2Z8Y_B#K C3 R![]<S3 a% ."#$%&'() +,5 ,/0I#'3: &',)3I  !&"3;&,'-,` 6-P0+ rrW3

D_YY8hWYY_K =3 R7bb<S3  95 0#6&3'&:$ ,) 5% ."#$%&'() ')'?&'%5 +,5 0#".,/"#%+" +, &',)&'%/ +, ,)/,@%)>% /,&:)+%#'%3T$1-1 ,+/(+'&03 4*-5$'1-,&, ,$ 6$5-00&3

DBk_hK Y3_3 R7bb<S3 h$1($,*$11 +@ J$0-$@1` $9&)-*-*P &%'+1%$/(-5$ $0$)$*(&'M ($&/I$'X1 J$0-$@ 1M1($) &J+:( 1/-O$*/$ ($&/I-*P &*, 0$&'*-*P3 ^":#)%5 ". ;,/,%#&8 ') _&',)&,7,%&8')4K EbR[SK %%3 ]<fO]e]3

DBk_hK Y3_3 M _D8YYK 63i3 R![[[S3 #$5$0+%)$*( +@ %'+@$1O1-+*&0 V*+U0$,P$ -* 0$&'*-*P (+ ($&/I $0$)$*(&'M 1/-$*/$3  ^":#)%5 ". ;,/,%#&8 ') _&',)&, 7,%&8')4K <eR7SK %%3 !7!O!<[3

2_s_YK ?3K YY8#tK _3K ?lj48Yl6K =3d3 M TB_guK C3R![[\S3 1)2,/3'4%# ,) 5% 9/&:,5%3 6$5-00&` #>&,&3

2l?8YYlK ;3W3 M 6_h;_BTvK h3 R7bb!S3 =:*,&)$*(+1 ,$:* )+,$0+ ,$ @+')&/-A* %$')&*$*($ ,$0 %'+@$1+'&,+ ,$ /-$*O/-&1 /$*('&,+ $* 0& '$!$9-A* ,-&0AP-/& 1+J'$ 0&1 /+*/$%/-+*$1M 0&1 %'./(-/&13 9)/,@%)>% +, 5%/ M',)&'%/ K ![R7SK %%3 7e[O7]<3

2B_c=lB#K D3_3 R![[[S3 W1 -( '$&0-1(-/ (+ $9%$/( & %'$1$'5-/$($&/I$' (+ /'$&($ &* -*N:-'MOJ&1$, /0&1'++)n ^":#)%5 ". _&'?

,)&, 7,%&8,# 9+:&%3'")J !bR<SK %%3 !\fO![E32Z8g_YY_B#K k3 R![]fS3 a% 3#%)/0"/'3'") +'+%&3'E:,T C'$O

*+J0$` Y& ?$*1^$ 6&:5&P$3

#_O6WYg_K 23K ;8YY_#lK g3 M ?lBYqhK B3 R7bb\S3 85+0:O(-+* +@ (I$ /+*/$%(-+*1 +@ & 1$/+*,&'M $,:/&(-+* J-+0+PM($&/I$'` 0+*P-(:,-*&0 &*.0-1-1 :1-*P /+P*-(-5$ )&%13 _&',)&, 9+:&%3'")K [!R<SK %%3 Ee!OE[!3

#u6_4T8Y6K d3 $( &03 R![[<S3 Y& @+')&(-+* w 0X$*1$-P*$)$*(,$1 1/-$*/$1` 0$ 5-'&P$ $%-1($)+0+P-N:$3  Q'+%/H%5'%K !K%%3 E[Oe\3

#BWg8BK B3 R![][S3 6(:,$*(1X /+*/$%(-+*1 &*, (I$ 0$&'*-*P +@1/-$*/$3 1)3,#)%&'")%5 ^":#)%5 ". _&',)&, 9+:&%3'")K !!RfSK%%3 E]!OE[b3

#4WTK B3 M TB8_C46TK #3 R7bb<S3 2+*/$%(:&0 /I&*P$` &%+U$'@:0 @'&)$U+'V @+' -)%'+5-*P 1/-$*/$ ($&/I-*P &*,0$&'*-*P3 1)3,#)%3'")%5 ^":#)%5 ". _&',)&, 9+:&%3'")J 7fReSK%%3 e\!Oe]]3

=YlB86K =3K Yt?8jK _3K C_YY8Cl6K Y3 M D_Bld_6K d3R7bbbS3 T'&*1@+')-*P 1/-$*/$ &*, 0$&'*-*P /+*/$%(1 +@%IM1-/1 ($&/I$'13  1)3,#)%3'")%5 ^":#)%5 ". _&',)&, 9+:&%?3'")J 77R7SK %%3 ![\O7b]3

C_Y66lhK C383 M Y_YWiK B3g3 R![[<S3 B$-*($'%'$(-*P (I$0$&'*-*P /M/0$ @'+) & 1+/-&0 /+*1(':/(-5-1( %$'1%$/(-5$` &N:&0-(&(-5$ 1(:,M +@ ($&/I$'1X J$0-$@1 &*, %'&/(-/$13  ^":#)%5". ;,/,%#&8 ') _&',)&, 7,%&8')4K <bR7SK %%3 !]\O7b\3

C_B2v_K =3=3 M BWg8BlK _3 R![[fS3 #-"/:0(&,$1 M +J1(./:0+1$* 0& /+*1('://-A* ,$0 /+*+/-)-$*(+ $1/+0&' $* :*& I-%A($O1-1 ,$ %'+P'$1-A* ,$ 0+ 1-)%0$ & 0+ /+)%0$H+3 B$!$9-+*$1

,$1,$ $0 .)J-(+ ,$0 )$,-+ :'J&*+3  1)2,/3'4%&'() ,) 5% 9/?&:,5%K 7\K %%3 ]<O[E3

C_B2v_K d383 R![[]S3  b%&'% :)% 3,"#I% %53,#)%3'2% /"<#, 5"/&")3,)'+"/ ,/&"5%#,/3 6$5-00&` #>&,&3

C_B2v_K d383K C_B2v_K =3=3K ;_BTvhK d3 M ?lBYqhK B3R7bb\S3 m6+* -*/+)%&(-J0$1 0& $1/:$0& M 0&1 *:$5&1 %&:(&1/:0(:'&0$1n 1)2,/3'4%&'() ,) 5% 9/&:,5%K e<K %%3 !\O7]3

CB4?l Whg86TWC_2Wth 8h Y_ 86248Y_ R![[7S3 -#"? F,&3" M:##'&:5%# c1)2,/3'4%&'() F ;,)"2%&'() 9/&"5%#dC1;9_D3 6$5-00&` #>&,&3

C46T_=6lhK D3d3 M Blc8YYK ?3;3 R![[fS3 80$)$*(&'M %'$O1$'5-/$ ($&/I$'1` /+*1(':/(-*P /+*/$%(-+*1 &J+:( 0$&'*-*P1/-$*/$K ($&/I-*P 1/-$*/$ &*, (I$ *&(:'$ +@ 1/-$*/$3 1)3,#)%?3'")%5 ^":#)%5 ". _&',)&, 9+:&%3'")K !\RfSK %%3 f][Oebf3

Z_8=h8BK Y3_3 M j8;D_YO6_4YK 2 R7bbES3 Y$&'*-*PJM ,+-*Pn ?'+1%$/(-5$ $0$)$*(&'M ($&/I$'1X ,$5$0+%-*P:*,$'1(&*,-*P1 +@ 1/-$*(-"/ -*N:-'M &*, 1/-$*/$ ($&/I-*P&*, 0$&'*-*P3  1)3,#)%3'")%5 ^":#)%5 ". _&',)&, 9+:&%3'")J7eR!<SK %%3 !ef<O!e\E3

Z_BB86K d3 D3K ?Wjj_TlK ;3 23K =lh682_K ;3 23K Z8hjKT3K ?B8#8DlhK =3 M 68D_6TW_hkK _3?3 R7bbfS3 a%<"#%?3(#'"/ +, ,)/')"e ')"2%fg" &:##'&:5%# )% ."#$%fg" +, 0#"? .,//"#,/ +, &'h)&'%/3 6x+ ?&:0+` 868T$/ 8,-(+'$13

Z_6Zc8ZK ;3j3 R![[eS3 8@@$(/1 +@ 1/-$*/$ ($&/I$'1X $%-1($O)+0+P-/&0 J$0-$@1 -* ($&/I-*P3  ^":#)%5 ". ;,/,%#&8 ') _&'?,)&, 7,%&8')4K <<R!SK %%3 E\Oe<3

Z8c6lhK ?3c3 M Z8c6lhK ;3C3 R![]\S3 6/-$*/$ ($&/IO$'1X /+*/$%(-+*1 +@ ($&/I-*P` -)%0-/&(-+*1 @+' ($&/I$' $,:O/&(-+*3  1)3,#)%3'")%5 ^":#)%5 ". _&',)&, 9+:&%3'")K [RESK%%3 E7fOEEb3

Zlc8K _323 M 6T4DD6K Z363 R![[\S3 8)%+U$'-*P 1/-$*/$($&/I$'1` & )+,$0 @+' %'+@$11-+*&0 ,$5$0+%)$*(3 ^":#)%5 "._&',)&, 7,%&8,# 9+:&%3'")K ]R<SK %%3 !e\O!]73

YW_hCK Y3Y3 M C_D8YK #3Y3 R7bbfS3 8@@$/(-5$*$11 +@ & /+*O1(':/(-5-1( &%%'+&/I (+ 1/-$*/$ -*1(':/(-+* @+' %'+1%$/(-5$$0$)$*(&'M ($&/I$'13 1)3,#)%3'")%5 ^":#)%5 ". _&',)&, 9+:?&%3'")K 7\R!bSK %%3 !!E<O!!e73

;_BTWh_h#K d3Y3 R![]eS3 M"))%i3#, ,3 3#%)/."#$,# 5% $%?3'j#,3 D$'*&` ?$($' Y&*P3

,!-!,!/$(%. '('"()L,W-($%.

Page 11: Porlan Cambio Profesorado de Ciencias v28n1p31

8/18/2019 Porlan Cambio Profesorado de Ciencias v28n1p31

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/porlan-cambio-profesorado-de-ciencias-v28n1p31 11/16

INVESTIGACIÓN DIDÁCTICA 

41ENSEÑANZA DE LAS CIENCIAS, 2010, 28(1)

;_BTvh #8Y ?ljlK B3 R![[ES3 T$*(&(-5$ ,$ ,^"*-(-+* ,X:*1&5+-' %'+@$11-+**$0 1:' 0$ /I&*P$)$*( /I-)-N:$ %+:' 0&@+')&(-+* ,$1 $*1$-P*&*(13 R/3,#K !]K %%3 7!\O7Eb3

;_BTvh #8Y ?ljlK B3 R7bb!S3 Y+ N:$ 1&J$* M 0+ N:$ %'$O($*,$* $*1$L&' 0+1 @:(:'+1 %'+@$1+'$1 1+J'$ $0 /&)J-+ N:>O)-/+3 9)/,@%)>% +, 5%/ M',)&'%/J ![R7SK %%3![[O7!f3

;_BTvh #8Y ?ljlK B3 M ?lBYqhK B3 R7bb!S3 6%&*-1I%'+1%$/(-5$ ($&/I$'1X -*-(-&0 -,$&1 &J+:( ($&/I-*P /I$)-/&0/I&*P$3 M8,$'/3#F 9+:&%3'") ;,/,%#&8 %)+ -#%&3'&, ') 9:?#"0,K 7K %%3 7efO7]<3

;_BTvh #8Y ?ljlK B3 M BWg8BlK _3 R7bb!S3 2+*1(':M$*,+:* /+*+/-)-$*(+ %'+@$1-+*&0-F&,+ %&'& $*1$L&' /-$*/-&1 $* 0&8,:/&/-A* 6$/:*,&'-&` 0+1 .)J-(+1 ,$ -*5$1(-P&/-A* %'+@$O1-+*&0 $* 0& @+')&/-A* -*-/-&0 ,$0 %'+@$1+'&,+3 ;,2'/3% 1)3,#:?)'2,#/'3%#'% +, !"#$%&'() +,5 -#".,/"#%+"K EbK %%3 e<O\[3

;_BTvh8jK 23_3 R7bbbS3 a%/ 0#"0:,/3%/ &:##'&:5%#,/ +, 5"/ 0#".,/"#,/ /"<#, ,5 &")"&'$',)3" ,/&"5%#e +"/ ,/3:+'"/ +,&%/" ,) ,5 6#,% +, &")"&'$',)3" +,5 $,+'"3 T$1-1 ,+/(+'&034*-5$'1-,&, ,$ 6$5-00&3

;8YY_#lK g3 R7bb!S3 m?+' N:^ & 0+1 %'+@$1+'$1 ,$ /-$*/-&1*+1 /:$1(& (&*(+ /&)J-&' *:$1('&1 /+*/$%/-+*$1 M )+,$0+1,-,./(-/+1n  ;,2'/3% 1)3,#:)'2,#/'3%#'% +, !"#$%&'() +,5-#".,/"#%+"K EbK %%3 !\O<b3

hW8##8B8BK Z3K ClY#D8BCK =3 M #4WTK B3 R![[7S3 T+OU&',1 0$&'*-*P %'+/$11 1(:,-$1` & '$5-$U +@ (I$ U+'V1I+%+* '$1$&'/I -* %IM1-/1 0$&'*-*PK $* h-$,,$'$'K C+0,J$'P &*,#:-( R$,13SK  ;,/,%#&8 ') 08F/'&/ 5,%#)')4e 38,"#,3'&%5 '/?/:,/ %)+ ,$0'#'&%5 /3:+',/T -#"&,,+')4/ ". %) ')3,#)%3'")%5k"#H/8"03 C$')&*M` W?h3

?Wjj_TlK ;323 M Z_BB86K d3D363 R7bb\S3 _%'$*,-F&P$) 1-PO

*-"/&(-5& $ ('&*1@+')&yx+ *& /+*5-5z*/-&` &%'+9-)&y{$1 $-*,-/&,+'$1 %&'& & @+')&yx+ ,$ %'+@$11+'$1 ,$ /-z*/-&13 l"?5,3I) +, 9/3:+'"/ , 1)2,/3'4%&'() 1)+'2'/%J ]K %%3 E7[OE<[3

?lBYqhK B3 R![[<S3 M")/3#:&3'2'/$" F 9/&:,5%3 6$5-00&`#>&,&3

?lBYqhK B3 M C_B2v_K 63 R![[7S3 TI$ /I&*P$ +@ ($&/I$'1X/+*/$%(-+*1` & 1('&($PM @+' -*O1$'5-/$ 1/-$*/$ ($&/I$'1X $,:/&O(-+*3 7,%&8')4 m 7,%&8,# 9+:&%3'")K ] Rf|eSK %%3 f<\OfE]3

?lBYqhK B3 M Z_BB86K d3D3 R![[[S3 Y& $%-1($)+0+P>& $5+O0:/-+*-1(& ,$ 6($%I$* T+:0)-* M 0& $*1$L&*F& ,$ 0&1 /-$*O/-&13 1)2,/3'4%&'() ,) 5% 9/&:,5%J <[J %%3 !\O7e3

?lBYqhK B3 M ;_BTvh #8Y ?ljlK B3 R![[eS3 2-$*/-&K?'+@$1+'$1 M 8*1$L&*F&` :*&1 '$0&/-+*$1 /+)%0$H&13  R5%$?<'E:,K ]K %%3 7<O<73

?lBYqhK B3 M ;_BTvh #8Y ?ljlK B3 R7bb7S3 6%&*-1I($&/I$'1X $%-1($)+0+P-/&0 &*, 1/-$*(-"/ /+*/$%(-+*1` -)%0-O/&(-+*1 @+' ($&/I$' $,:/&(-+*3 9:#"0,%) ^":#)%5 ". 7,%&8,# 9+:&%3'")K 7fR7|<SK %%3 !f!O!e[3

?lBYqhK B3 M ;_BTvh #8Y ?ljlK B3 R7bbES3 TI$ /+*/$%O(-+*1 +@ -*O1$'5-/$ &*, %'+1%$/(-5$ %'-)&'M 1/I++0 ($&/I$'1&J+:( (I$ ($&/I-*P &*, 0$&'*-*P +@ 1/-$*/$3  ^":#)%5 ". _&'?,)&, 7,%&8,# 9+:&%3'")K !fK %%3 <[Oe73

?lBYqhK B3 M ;_BTvh #8Y ?ljlK B3 R7bbeS3 m2A)+ %'+OP'$1& $0 %'+@$1+'&,+ &0 -*5$1(-P&' %'+J0$)&1 %'./(-/+1 '$O0&/-+*&,+1 /+* 0& $*1$L&*F& ,$ 0& /-$*/-&n  R5%$<'E:,K E]K%%3 [7O[[3

?lBYqhK B3K ;_BTvh #8Y ?ljlK B3 M ;_BTvhK d3 R7bb7S32+*/$%(-+*1 +@ 1/I++0OJ&1$, ($&/I$' $,:/&(+'1 /+*/$'*-*P+*P+-*P ($&/I$' $,:/&(-+*3 7,%&8')4 m 7,%&8,# 9+:&%3'")J!]K %%3 <bfO<7!3

?lBYqhK B3K _j2qB_T8K ?3K ;_BTvh #8Y ?ljlK B3K;_BTvh Tl62_hlK d3 M BWg8BlK _3 R![[eS3 2+*+O/-)-$*(+ %'+@$1-+*&0 ,$1$&J0$ M %'+@$1+'$1 -**+5&,+'$1`=:*,&)$*(+1 M %'-*/-%-+1 @+')&(-5+13  1)2,/3'4%&'() ,) 5% 9/&:,5%K 7[K %%3 7<O<]3

?lBYqhK B3K C_B2v_K d383K BWg8BlK _3 M ;_BTvh #8Y?ljlK B3 R![[]S3 Y$1 +J1(&/0$1 w 0& @+')&(-+* %'+@$11-+*O*$00$ ,$1 %'+@$11$:'1 $* '&%%+'( &5$/ 0$:'1 -,^$1 1:' 0& 1/-$*/$K0X$*1$-P*$)$*( $( 0X&%%'$*(-11&P$3 R/3,#J 7eK %%3 7b\O7<f3

?lBY_hK B3K ;_BTvh #8Y ?ljlK B3K ;_BTvhK d3 M BWg8OBlK _3 R7bb!S3 a% #,5%&'() 3,"#I%?0#6&3'&% ,) 5% ."#$%&'() 0,#$%),)3, +,5 0#".,/"#%+"3 6$5-00&` #>&,&3

?lBYqhK B3 M BWg8BlK _3 R![[]S3  95 &")"&'$',)3" +, 5"/ 0#".,/"#,/3 6$5-00&` #>&,&3

?lBYqhK B3 M BWg8BlK _3 R7bb!S3 h&(:'$ $( +'P&*-1&(-+* ,:1&5+-' %'+@$11-+**$0 }1+:I&-(&J0$~3 R/3,#J <7K %%3 77!O7f!3

?lBYqhK B3K BWg8BlK _3 M ;_BTvh #8Y ?ljlK B3 R![[\S32+*+/-)-$*(+ %'+@$1-+*&0 M $%-1($)+0+P>& ,$ 0+1 %'+@$1+'$1W` T$+'>&K )^(+,+1 $ -*1(':)$*(+13  9)/,@%)>% +, 5%/ M',)?&'%/K !fR7SK %%3 !ffO!\!3

?lBYqhK B3K BWg8BlK _3 M ;_BTvh #8Y ?ljlK B3 R![[]S32+*+/-)-$*(+ %'+@$1-+*&0 M $%-1($)+0+P>& ,$ 0+1 %'+@$1+O'$1 WW` 81(:,-+1 $)%>'-/+1 M /+*/0:1-+*$13 9)/,@%)>% +, 5%/M',)&'%/K !eR7SK %%3 7\!O7]]3

?ljlK d3W3K 62Z848BK h3K ?uB8jK ;3?3K ;_T8l6K ;3K

;_BTvhK 83 M #8 Y_ 2B4jK ;3 R7bbeS3  n:,2%/ ."#$%/+, 0,)/%# 5% ,)/,@%)>% F ,5 %0#,)+'>%=,3 D&'/$0+*&` C'&A3

?BW8TlK T3K DY_h2lK _3 M DB8BlK g3 R7bb7S3 Y& %'+P'$1-A*$* $0 &%'$*,-F&H$ ,$ ,+)-*-+1 $1%$/> "/+13 9)/,@%)>% +, 5%/M',)&'%/K 7bR!SK %%3 <O!E3

BWg8BlK _3 M ?lBYqhK B R7bbES3 TI$ ,-@ "/:0( '$0&(-+*1I-%J$(U$$* (I$+'M &*, %'&/(-/$ -* &* -*O1$'5-/$ /+:'1$ @+' 1/-O$*/$ ($&/I$'13 1)3,#)%3'")%5 ^":#)%5 ". _&',)&, 9+:&%3'")J7eR!bSK %%3 !77<O!7Ef3

BWg8BlK _3 M ?lBYqhK B3 R7bbfS3 _'$&1 +@ %'+@$11-+*&0 '$O1$&'/I` _ %'+%+1&0 @+' +'P&*-1-*P (I$ /+*($*( +@ ($&/I$' $,:O/&(-+*K $* #$*-/+0+ M i+)%@ R$,1S3 M")),&3')4 -"5'&F %)+-#%&3'&,T M8%55,)4,/ ."# 3,%&8')4 %)+ 5,%#)')4 ') /&8""5/%)+ :)'2,#/'3',/3 Y+*,+*` B+:(0$,P$3

B48YK =3K #u6_4T8Y6K d3 M Y_Bl2Z8YY8K ;3 R![[\S3 8*O1$-P*$' $( &%%'$*,'$ 0$1 1/-$*/$1` '$%'$1$*(&(-+*1 1+/-&0$1 ,$@:(:'1 $*1$-P*&*(1 $( $*1$-P*&*($13 Q'+%/H%5'%K !bK %%3 f!O\<3

6qh2Z8jK C3K M g_Y2qB28YK ;3 g3 R7bbbS3 m•:^ (-$*$*$* /:$*(& 0+1 %'+@$1+'$1 /:&*,+ 1$0$//-+*&* $0 /+*($*-,+,$ $*1$L&*F&n 2&)J-+1 M ,-"/:0(&,$1 ('&1 :* %'+P'&)& ,$@+')&/-A*3 9)/,@%)>% +, 5%/ M',)&'%/K !]R<SK %%3 E7<OE<\3

62Zh88D8BC8BK ?3 R![[\S3 YX-,^$ ,X+J1(&/0$ ,&*1 0& @+')&O(-+* ,$1 %'+@$11$:'1 ,$1 ^/+0$13 R/3,#K 7fK %%3 [O<!3

62Z_hiK B3 M _D8Y6lhK B3 R![\\S3 _&#'03/J 05%)/J 4"%5/%)+ :)+,#/3%)+')4e R) ')E:'#F ')3" 8:$%) H)"k5,+4,/3#:&3:#,/3 Z-001,&0$K hd` Y&U'$*/$ 8'0J&:)3

Page 12: Porlan Cambio Profesorado de Ciencias v28n1p31

8/18/2019 Porlan Cambio Profesorado de Ciencias v28n1p31

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/porlan-cambio-profesorado-de-ciencias-v28n1p31 12/16

INVESTIGACIÓN DIDÁCTICA 

42 ENSEÑANZA DE LAS CIENCIAS, 2010, 28(1)

 62lTTK ?3Z3 R![[7S3 ?&(IU&M1 -* 0$&'*-*P 1/-$*/$` & /&1$1(:,M +@ (I$ ,$5$0+%)$*( +@ +*$ 1(:,$*(X1 -,$&1 '$0&(-*P (+(I$ $1(':(:'$ +@ )&(($'K $* #:-(K C+0,J$'P M h-$,,$'$'` ;,?/,%#&8 ') 08F/'&/ 5,%#)')4e 38,"#,3'&%5 '//:,/ %)+ ,$0'#'&%5

/3:+',/3 C$')&*M` W?h36Z4Y;_hK Y363 R![]eS3 TI+1$ UI+ :*,$'1(&*,` V*+U0O

$,P$ P'+U(I -* ($&/I-*P3  9+:&%3'")%5 ;,/,%#&8,#J !f R7SK%%3 EO!E3

6lYv6K 83 M ?lBYqhK B3 R7bb<S3 Y&1 /+*/$%/-+*$1 ,$0 %'+@$O1+'&,+ ,$ /-$*/-&1 ,$ 1$/:*,&'-& $* @+')&/-A* -*-/-&0` m+J1O(./:0+1 + %:*(+ ,$ %&'(-,&n 1)2,/3'4%&'() ,) 5% 9/&:,5%K E[K%%3 fO773

TlDWhK i3 M ;2BlDDW8K 23d3 R![[eS3 2:0(:'&0 )M(I1 &1 /+*O1('&-*(1 (+ (I$ $*&/($, 1/-$*/$ /:''>/:0:)3 _&',)&, 9+:&%?3'")K ]bK %%3 77<O7E!3

Tl4Y;WhK 63 R![\\S3 a% &"$0#,)/'() 8:$%)%J o"5TUT 95 :/"&"5,&3'2" F 5% ,2"5:&'() +, 5"/ &")&,03"/3 ;&,'-,` _0-&*F&3

g_h #BW8YK d3K D8Wd__B#K # M g8BYll?K h3 R7bb!S3 ?'+O@$11-+*&0 ,$5$0+%)$*( &*, '$@+') -* 1/-$*/$ $,:/&(-+*` (I$'+0$ +@ ($&/I$'1X %'&/(-/&0 V*+U0$,P$3  ^":#)%5 ". ;,/,%#&8') _&',)&, 7,%&8')4K <]R7SK %%3 !<\O!f]3

g_BWl6 R7bb\S3 ?W6_ 7bbe3 W*@+')$ $1%&L+03 ;&,'-,` ;823

c_YY_28K 2363 M i_hCK h3 R7bbES3 _* -*5$1(-P&(-+* +@$9%$'-$*/$, 1$/+*,&'M 1/-$*/$ ($&/I$'1X J$0-$@1 &J+:( -*O

N:-'M` &* $9&)-*&(-+* +@ /+)%$(-*P J$0-$@ 1$(13  ^":#)%5 ". ;,/,%#&8 ') _&',)&, 7,%&8')4K E!R[SK %%3 [<eO[eb3

c_T6lhK B3 M Y8_2ZK d3 R![[eS3 #-11+05-*P -,$&13  9+:&%?

3'") ') M8,$'/3#FK <<RESK %%3 !b!O!b73c_TT6K ;3 M dl=WYWK j3 R![[]S3 T+U&',1 /'-(-/&0 /+*1(':/O

(-5-1( ($&/I-*P3 1)3,#)%&'")%5 ^":#)%5 ". _&',)&, 9+:&%3'")K7bR7SK %%3 !\<O!]f3

kW?K #3k3 R7bb!S3 ?'+)+(-*P (I$ ,$5$0+%)$*( +@ & /+*/$%(:&0/I&*P$ )+,$0 +@ 1/-$*/$ -*1(':/(-+* -* %'+1%$/(-5$ 1$/+*,O&'M J-+0+PM ($&/I$'13 1)3,#)%3'")%5 ^":#)%5 ". _&',)&, 9+:?&%3'")K 7<R\SK %%3 \ffO\\b3

j8;D_YO6_4YK 23K DY4;8h=8Y#K ?Z3 M iB_d2WiK d3R7bbbS3 W*!:$*/$ +@ P:-,$, /M/0$1 +@ %0&**-*PK ($&/I-*PK&*, '$!$/(-+* +* %'+1%$/(-5$ $0$)$*(&'M ($&/I$'1X 1/-$*/$/+*($*( '$%'$1$*(&(-+*13  ^":#)%5 ". ;,/,%#&8 ') _&',)&,7,%&8')4J <\RESK %%3 <!]O<<[3

j8;D_YO6_4YK 23K iB_d2WiK d3 M DY4;8h=8Y#K ?Z3R7bb7S3 80$)$*(&'M 1(:,$*( ($&/I$'1X 1/-$*/$ /+*($*( '$%'$O1$*(&(-+*13 ^":#)%5 ". ;,/,%#&8 ') _&',)&, 7,%&8')4K <\RESK%%3 <!]O<<[3

j8;D_YO6_4YK 23K Z_8=h8BK Y3K _gB__;W#l4K Y3K68g8B6K ;3 M #_h_K T3 R7bb7S3 c$JOJ&1$, %+'(@+0-+1`& 5$I-/0$ @+' $9&)-*-*P %'+1%$/(-5$ $0$)$*(&'M ($&/I$'1X,$5$0+%-*P :*,$'1(&*,-*P1 +@ ($&/I-*P 1/-$*/$3 ^":#)%5 "._&',)&, 7,%&8,# 9+:&%3'")J !<RESK %%3 7]<O<b7

€_'(>/:0+ '$/-J-,+ $* )&M+ ,$ 7bb] M &/$%(&,+ $* &J'-0 ,$ 7bb[

Page 13: Porlan Cambio Profesorado de Ciencias v28n1p31

8/18/2019 Porlan Cambio Profesorado de Ciencias v28n1p31

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/porlan-cambio-profesorado-de-ciencias-v28n1p31 13/16

INVESTIGACIÓN DIDÁCTICA 

43ENSEÑANZA DE LAS CIENCIAS, 2010, 28(1)

%/!X) Y

*?7CD9:@? Z0 S$QD? <;79= C: 7C9I@8?:;=8?V

!3 2+* $0 /:$1(-+*&'-+ 1$ %'$($*,$ /+*+/$' 0&1 -,$&1 ,$ 0+1 &0:)*+1 1+J'$ :* (A%-/+` mN:^ :(-0-,&, (-$*$ /+*+/$'0&1n_0 ,$/-' -,$&1 ,$ 0+1 &0:)*+1K m& N:^ *+1 '$@$'-)+1n

73 6$PQ* ,-/$ ‚='&(+ƒ $* 0& ('&*1%&'$*/-& R3p E:A E:',#,/ /%<,#J 5" E:, $, 8%) ,)/,@%+" ,) 5% ,/&:,5% " 5" E:, F" 0',)/"SK %&'$/$ N:$ 0+1 &0:)*+1(-$*$* -,$&1 %'+%-&1 $ -,$&1 N:$ -,$*(-"/&* /+* 0+ $1/+0&'3 m•:^ +%-*.-1n

m_ 5+1+('+1 +1 %&1& -P:&0n 8* /&1+ &"')&(-5+K %+*$, :* $H$)%0+m2:.0 ,$ 0+1 ,+1 (-%+1 ,$ -,$&1 /+*+/$'>&-1 1- %&1&'&-1 0& %'-)$'& 5$'1-A* ,$0 /:$1(-+*&'-+nm2:.0 ,$ 0+1 ,+1 (-%+1 ,$ -,$&1 1+* ).1 -*($'$1&*($1 ,$1,$ $0 %:*(+ ,$ 5-1(& $,:/&(-5+n

<3 mZ&J^-1 )&*($*-,+ 0& 5$'1-A* -*-/-&0 ,$0 /:$1(-+*&'-+n 8* /&1+ /+*('&'-+K m$* N:^ 1$*(-,+ I& /&)J-&,+n m%+' N:^n

E3 2&,& %'$P:*(& 1$ '$"$'$ & :* &1%$/(+ ,$0 (A%-/+ $0$P-,+K mI&J^-1 :(-0-F&,+ &0PQ* /'-($'-+ %&'& ,$/-,-' 1+J'$ N:^ &1%$/(+1 %'$P:*(&'n 8* /&1+&"')&(-5+K m/:.0 + /:.0$1n

f3 Z&/$, :*& 0-1(& /+* 0+ ).1 -)%+'(&*($ N:$ 1$ ,$J$'>& ('&J&H&' $* %'-)&'-& 1+J'$ $0 (A%-/+3g+05-$*,+ &0 /:$1(-+*&'-+ m/&)J-&'>&-1 &0P+ ,$1%:^1 ,$ I&J$' I$/I+ 0& 0-1(&n 8* /&1+ &"')&(-5+K mN:^ /&)J-&'>&-1n

%/!X) Z

*?7CD9:@? [0 S$QD? ;:;A8K;= A;I 8B9;I B9 A?I ;ACD:?IV

!3 _0 /+)%&'&' 0&1 -,$&1 ,$ &0:)*+1 ,$ $,&,$1 %&'$/-,&1K mN:^ $1%$'.-1n`•:$ %'$,+)-*$* 0&1 1$)$H&*F&13•:$ %'$,+)-*$* 0&1 ,-@$'$*/-&13•:$ &%&'$F/&* 1$)$H&*F&1 M ,-@$'$*/-&13

d:1(-"/&' 0& '$1%:$1(&3

73 m•:^ /'-($'-+1 1$ ,$J$* :1&' %&'& /0&1-"/&' 0&1 -,$&1 ,$ 0+1 &0:)*+1n

<3 Y+1 -*5$1(-P&,+'$1 $1(.* -*($'$1&,+1 $* &*&0-F&' 0&1 -,$&1 ,$ 0+1 &0:)*+13 m_%+'(& $1(+ &0P+ Q(-0 %&'& $*1$L&' M &%'$*,$' )$H+' 0+1 /+*($*-,+1n8* /&1+ &"')&(-5+K mN:^ &%+'(&nK m%+' N:^ $1 Q(-0n

E3 m•:^ +%-*-A* ($*^-1 1+J'$ $0 &%'$*,-F&H$ $1/+0&'nm•:^ $1 *$/$1&'-+ %&'& N:$ I&M& J:$* &%'$*,-F&H$n

f3 8* (+,& -*5$1(-P&/-A* 1$ ,$J$ 1$P:-' :*& )$(+,+0+P>&3 ?&'& &*&0-F&' -,$&1 ,$ 0+1 &0:)*+1K mN:^ %&1+1 1$ ,$J$* 1$P:-'n _'P:)$*(&,0+136$PQ* $1(+K m,$J^-1 /&)J-&' 0& )$(+,+0+P>& ,$0 $1(:,-+ %-0+(+n 8* /&1+ &"')&(-5+K mN:^ M %+' N:^n

Page 14: Porlan Cambio Profesorado de Ciencias v28n1p31

8/18/2019 Porlan Cambio Profesorado de Ciencias v28n1p31

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/porlan-cambio-profesorado-de-ciencias-v28n1p31 14/16

INVESTIGACIÓN DIDÁCTICA 

44 ENSEÑANZA DE LAS CIENCIAS, 2010, 28(1)

  %:9\? ]

*?7CD9:@? ̂ 0 STCU 7?:@9:8B?I 9:I9J;=V

!3 m89-1($* ,-@$'$*($1 (-%+1 ,$ /+*($*-,+1n 8* /&1+ &"')&(-5+K mN:^ (-%+1n ?+*$, ,+1 $H$)%0+1 ,$ /&,& :*+3

73 R8* /&,& /&1+ 1$ :(-0-F&'. $0 $H$)%0+ &%'+%-&,+S3 W)&P-*&, :*& /0&1$ ,$ %'-)&'-& M +('& ,$ 0& @&/:0(&, ,$ J-+0+P>&3 8* &)J&1 1$ $1(. &J+',&*,+5% #,/0'#%&'()3 mZ&J'. ,-@$'$*/-&1 $*('$ $0 /+*($*-,+ ,$ %'-)&'-& M $0 ,$ 0& :*-5$'1-,&,n 8* /&1+ &"')&(-5+K m/:.0$1n

<3 W)&P-*&, ,+1 &0:)*+1 ,$ %'-)&'-&3 80 *-L+ _ /+*1-,$'& N:$ 5% #,/0'#%&'() ,/ 3"$%# F ,B0:5/%# %'#, M $0 *-L+ D N:$ ,/ :) 0#"&,/" 0:5$")%#

 0"# ,5 &:%5 ,5 "BI4,)" +,5 %'#, 55,4% % 5% /%)4#, F ,5 %)8I+#'+" &%#<()'&" /, ,B0:5/% %5 ,B3,#'"#3 80 )&$1('+ $9%0-/& 0& '$1%-'&/-A* /$0:0&'3 6:O%+*-$*,+ N:$ $0 *-L+ _ $1(^ &($*(+` m&%'$*,$'. 1-P*-"/&(-5&)$*($nK m%+' N:^n

m2:.0$1 1+* 0&1 *$/$1-,&,$1 ,$ &%'$*,-F&H$ ,$0 *-L+ _ $* '$0&/-A* /+* $1($ /+*($*-,+nm6+* &($*,-,&1 %+' $0 )&$1('+n6:%+*-$*,+ N:$ $0 *-L+ D $1(^ &($*(+K m&%'$*,$'. 1-P*-"/&(-5&)$*($nK m%+' N:^nm2:.0$1 1+* 0&1 *$/$1-,&,$1 ,$ &%'$*,-F&H$ ,$0 *-L+ D $* '$0&/-A* /+* $1($ /+*($*-,+nm6+* &($*,-,&1 %+' $0 )&$1('+n_0 ,$/-,-' 0+1 /+*($*-,+1K mI&M N:$ '$1%$(&' &0P:*&1 /+*,-/-+*$1 %&'& N:$ 1$ ,^ :* J:$* &%'$*,-F&H$n 8* /&1+ & "')&(-5+K m/:.0$1nK m%+'N:^ %'+5+/&'>&* :* J:$* &%'$*,-F&H$n

E3 Y+1 /+*($*-,+1 1$ 1:$0$* +'P&*-F&' /+)+ 0-1(&,+1 ,$ ($)&13 6$PQ* 5+1+('+1K m/A)+ 1$ ,$J$* +'P&*-F&'nm2A)+ 1$ ,$J$* %'$1$*(&' & 0+1 &0:)*+1n

f3 Z&J-(:&0)$*($ 0+1 /+*($*-,+1 1$ J&1&* $* 0+1 /+*/$%(+1 ,$ 0&1 ,-1/-%0-*&1K mI&M +('+1 /+*+/-)-$*(+1 N:$ ,$J$* -*!:-' (&)J-^*n 8* /&1+ &"'O)&(-5+K m/:.0$1nK m%+' N:^ ,$J$* -*!:-'n

%:9\? 5

*?7CD9:@? YY0 STCU NA;: B9 ;7@8R8B;B9I 9A;H?=;=V

!3 Z&M &:(+'$1 N:$ ,$"*$* 0& &/(-5-,&, /+)+ 0& :*-,&, ,$ %'+P'&)&/-A*K ,$ )&*$'& N:$ :*& &/(-5-,&, %:$,$ 1$' :*& $9%0-/&/-A*K :*& 1$1-A* ,$%$N:$L+ P':%+K :* ,$J&($ + :* $9%$'-)$*(+3 6$PQ* $1(+K :* %0&* ,$ $*1$L&*F& 1$'>& :* /+*H:*(+ ,$ &/(-5-,&,$1 +',$*&,&1 $* $0 (-$)%+

m2:.0 $1 5:$1('& +%-*-A*n

73 m•:^ /+*,-/-+*& $0 +',$* $* 5:$1('+ %0&* ,$ &/(-5-,&,$1n: mY+1 /+*($*-,+1 /+*/$%(:&0$1nh&,&K %:$1 0& 1$/:$*/-& I& 1&0-,+ &0 &F&'3Y&1 -,$&1 ,$ 0+1 &0:)*+1K %:$1 1$ 1-P:$ $1(& 1$/:$*/-&` /+*+/$'0&1K /+''$P-' 0+1 $''+'$1 M /+)%'+J&' 1- I&* /&)J-&,+36- *+ +1 -,$*(-"/.-1 /+* $1(&1 +%/-+*$1K m/:.0 $1 0& 5:$1('&n

<3 T+,+ %0&* ,$ &/(-5-,&,$1 '$1%+*,$ & :*& )$(+,+0+P>& ,$ $*1$L&*F& M & :*& /-$'(& -,$& 1+J'$ /A)+ &%'$*,$* 0+1 &0:)*+13 Y&1 @'&1$1 N:$ 1-P:$*'$!$H&* &0P:*&1 )$(+,+0+P>&1`

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m81 /+I$'$*($ 0& %'-)$'& 5$'1-A* ,$0 %0&* ,$ &/(-5-,&,$1 /+* $1($ )+,$0+n 6- 0&1 I&MK $9%0-/& 0&1 -*/+*P':$*/-&13

E3 m•:^ 1+* 0+1 '$/:'1+1 ,-,./(-/+1n8*:)$'&, ,-@$'$*($1 (-%+1 ,$ '$/:'1+1 M $9%0-/&, 1: @:*/-A*

f3 6$PQ* (+,+ 0+ 5-1(+K mN:^ /&)J-+1 ,$J^-1 I&/$' $* 0& %'-)$'& 5$'1-A* ,$0 %0&* ,$ $*1$L&*F&nK m%+' N:^n

Page 15: Porlan Cambio Profesorado de Ciencias v28n1p31

8/18/2019 Porlan Cambio Profesorado de Ciencias v28n1p31

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/porlan-cambio-profesorado-de-ciencias-v28n1p31 15/16

INVESTIGACIÓN DIDÁCTICA 

45ENSEÑANZA DE LAS CIENCIAS, 2010, 28(1)

Summary

TI-1 U+'VK (I$ "'1( +@ (U+K 1:))&'-F$1 (I$ (I$+'$(-/&0&'P:)$*(1 +* UI-/I U$ 1:%%+'( +:' /:''$*( ($&/I$'$,:/&(-+* %'+%+1&013

c$ '$!

$/( +* (I$ *$$, (+ /I&*P$ (I$ ,+)-*&*( )+,$0+@ 1/-$*/$ ($&/I-*PK &*, +* (I$ ,$1-'&J-0-(M +@ ($&/I$'1/+*1(':/(-*P (I$-' +U* %'&/(-/&0 %'+@$11-+* V*+U0$,P$(I&( +5$'/+)$1 ,-1H:*/(-+*1 1:/I &1` (I$+'M|%'&/(-/$K1/-$*(-"/|$,:/&(-+*&0 V*+U0$,P$K$(/3

T+ (I-1 $*,K U$ &*&0MF$ (I$ %'$1$*( 1(&($ +@ 1/I++0 &*,1/-$*/$ ($&/I-*PK &*, @+/:1 +* (I$ +J1(&/0$1 (+ ($&/I$'/I&*P$K %0&/-*P %&'(-/:0&' $)%I&1-1 +* (I$ *$$, (+-*5$1(-P&($ (I$-' ('&*1-(-+*1 &*, %'+P'$11 UI$* (I$M &'$%&'(-/-%&(-*P -* ($&/I$' $,:/&(-+* %'+/$11$13

TI$ ,-@ "/:0(M -* /I&*P-*P (I$ /+*/$%(-+*1 +@ 1/-$*/$($&/I$'1 -1 ,:$ (+ (I$ I-,,$* &*, :*N:$1(-+*&J0$ *&(:'$+@ (I$ %'$,+)-*&*( 1/I$)$1 +@ &/(-+* &*, +@ (I$ (I$+'-$1

(I&( 1:1(&-* (I$)K &*, (+ (I$ (I$+'$(-/&0 /I&'&/($' +@(I$ &0($'*&(-5$1 UI-/I &'$ 5$'M @&' '$)+5$, @'+) (I$0&*P:&P$ +@ &/(-+* &*, ,+ *+( I&5$ (I$ -))$,-&($@:*/(-+*&0-(M (+ &00+U (I$) (+ /+)%$($ U-(I (I$ '+:(-*$1&0'$&,M -)%0&*($, -* (I$ /0&11'++)3

TI$ ,$5$0+%)$*( +@ *$U %'+@$11-+*&0 V*+U0$,P$ -1& *+*0-*$&' %'+/$11K '$N:-'-*P (I$ '$/+P*-(-+* &*,'$1+0:(-+* +@ $*,+P$*+:1 +J1(&/0$1 &'$ -*I$'$*( (+ (I$($&/I$'1X /+*/$%(-+*1K &*, $9+P$*+:1 +J1(&/0$1 UI-/I&'$ 0-*V$, (+ 1+/-&0 1($'$+(M%$1 &J+:( (I$ 1/I++03 TI$&11:)%(-+*1 :*,$'0M-*P J+(I (M%$1 +@ +J1(&/0$1 1I&'$ (I$1&)$ 1-)%0-1(-/ U+'0,O5-$U +@ (I$ 1/I++03

=+' )&*M ($&/I$'1K -( -1 (I$ $9+P$*+:1 +J1(&/0$1 UI-/I

)&V$ (I$-' ,$1-'$1 @+' /I&*P$ -*5-&J0$3 Z+U$5$'K -( -1 (I$I-,,$* $*,+P$*+:1 +J1(&/0$1 (I&( %'$5$*( (I$ ,$5$0+%)$*(+@ & %'+@$11-+*&0 &U&'$*$11 (I&( -1 J$(($' $)%+U$'$, (+/+*@'+*( (I$ $9($'*&0 /+*1('&-*-*P @&/(+'1 &*, (+ -*!:$*/$1+/-&0 1($'$+(M%$1 +* ($&/I-*P &*, 0$&'*-*P3

Y&1(0MK +* (I$ J&1-1 +@ ,-@@$'$*( (I$+'$(-/&0 @+:*,&(-+*1R1+/-&0 /+*1(':/(-5-1)K /'-(-/&0 (I$+'MK $(/3SK & ,$1/'-%(-+*-1 P-5$* +@ (I$ )+,$0 7,%&8,# 9+:&%3'") ."# ;,/,%#&8')3" -#%&3'&, RT8BW?S UI-/I -1 &-)$, &( @+1($'-*P ($&/I$'/I&*P$ 5-& -*N:-'M -*(+ -#%&3'&%5 -#".,//'")%5 -#"<5,$/R???1S3

W* (I-1 )+,$0K %'+@$11-+*&0 V*+U0$,P$ -1 /+*1-,$'$, (+ J$)+'$ (I&* (I$ )$'$ &%%0-/&(-+* +@ (I$+'M3 W( -1 V*+U0$,P$

(I&( &/N:-'$1 )$&*-*P -* ($')1 +@ (I$ '$1+0:(-+* +@%'&/(-/&0 %'+J0$)13 W( -1 & ,-@@$'$*(-&($, (M%$ +@ V*+U0$,P$UI-/I -1 '$0&($, (+ &* &01+ ,-@@$'$*(-&($, 1$( +@ %'+J0$)1R1/I++0 %'&/(-/$SK &*, @+' -(1 /+*1(':/(-+* -( -1 *$/$11&'M(+ $1(&J0-1I *$U $%-1($)+0+P-/&0 '$0&(-+*1I-%1 J$(U$$*,-@@$'$*( /0&11$1 +@ -*@+')&(-+*3

c$ 1('$11 (I$ -,$& +@  ;,/,%#&8 ')3" -#%&3'&,  J$/&:1$+@ -(1 N:&0-(-$1 +@ 1M*(I$1-13 c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

c$ -*,-/&($ &*, &*&0MF$ 1+)$ +@ (I$ %'+@$11-+*X1 )&H+'%'+J0$)1 o &* &*&0M1-1 UI-/I U$ :1$ (+ +'P&*-F$ (I$

($&/I$' $,:/&(-+* /:''-/:0:)3 TI$1$ %'+J0$)1 -*/0:,$`I+U (+ &*&0MF$ %:%-01X -,$&1a I+U (+ &,,'$11 %:%-01X,-5$'1-(Ma I+U (+ $5&0:&($ -* & U&M (I&( 1$'5$1 (+ $*I&*/$0$&'*-*Pa $(/3

TI$ T8BW? )+,$0 -1 & P$*$'&0 @'&)$U+'V @+' ($&/I$'$,:/&(-+*3 W( /&* J$ %&'(-/:0&'-F$, -* ($')1 +@ ,-@@$'$*(%'+%+1&01K ,$%$*,-*P +* UI-/I ???1 &'$ &,,'$11$,K (I$$,:/&(-+*&0 0$5$0K &*, (I$ /:''-/:0&' &'$&3 W* %&'(-/:0&'K-* (I$ 0&1( @$U M$&'1 U$ I&5$ J$$* $9%$'-)$*(-*P U-(I& !7 U$$V /+:'1$ (I&( U$ /&00 -:0'5/q M")&,03'")/ %)+M:##'&:5%# 1))"2%3'") C-MM1D3 TI-1 /+:'1$ I&1 J$$*&%%0-$, -* %'-)&'M ($&/I$' -*-(-&0 $,:/&(-+*K &*, -*1+)$ /&1$1 -* 1$/+*,&'M ($&/I$' -*-(-&0 $,:/&(-+* &*,-* /+*(-*:-*P ($&/I$' $,:/&(-+*3 #:'-*P (I$ /+:'1$K

(I$ %&'(-/-%&*(1 @+00+U & !$9-J0$ 1$N:$*/$ +@ &/(-5-(-$1&'+:*, (I'$$ ???1` cI&( -,$&1 ,+ (I$ %:%-01 I&5$n cI&(/+*($*( 1I+:0, J$ (&:PI(n cI&( %0&* +@ &/(-5-(-$1 1I+:0,J$ ,$5$0+%$,n

TI$ 1('&($PM (I&( U$ %'+%+1$ -*5+05$1 (I$ @+00+U-*P%I&1$1` +'P&*-F-*P ($&/I$' $,:/&(-+* &'+:*, U+'V -*($&)1a U+'V-*P U-(I (I$ 1$0$/(-+* +@ ???1 (I&( -1 )+1(&%%'+%'-&($ @+' $&/I /&1$a P&-*-*P &U&'$*$11 +@ +*$X1 +U*/+*/$%(-+*1a /+*('&1(-*P (I$) &P&-*1( +(I$' V*+U0$,P$a1(':/(:'-*P *$U 1/I$)$1 &'+:*, &* &0($'*&(-5$ /:''-/:0&',$1-P*a $9%$'-)$*(-*P U-(I -(a ,'&U-*P /+*/0:1-+*1 &J+:((I$ $9%$'-)$*( :1-*P )$(&/+P*-(-5$ 1V-001a &*, %'$%&'-*P/:''-/:0&' )&($'-&01 &1 & U&M +@ 1M1($)&(-F-*P (I$%'+@$11-+*&0 V*+U0$,P$ &'-1-*P @'+) (I$ $9%$'-)$*(3

.789:79 19;7<9= $<;:>9 (0 1<9?=9@87;A ;:B 19;7<9= !BC7;@8?: -=;D9E?=F

Porlán, Rafael¹; Martín del Pozo, Rosa²; Rivero, Ana¹; Harres, Joao³; Azcárate, Pilar5 6 Pizzato, Michelle³!

 #$%&'(&)$*(+ ,$ #-,./(-/& ,$ 0&1 2-$*/-&13 4*-5$'1-,&, ,$ 6$5-00&7 #$%&'(&)$*(+ ,$ #-,./(-/& ,$ 0&1 2-$*/-&1 89%$'-)$*(&0$13 4*-5$'1-,&, 2+)%0:($*1$ ,$ ;&,'-,< =&/:0,&,$ ,$ =>1-/&3 ?+*(-@>/-& 4*-5$'1-,&,$ 2&(A0-/& ,+ B-+ C'&*,$ ,+ 6:03 D'&1-0E #$%&'(&)$*(+ ,$ #-,./(-/&3 4*-5$'1-,&, ,$ 2.,-F„'%+'0&*G:13$1…K „')&'(-*G$,:3:/)3$1…K „&'-5$'+G:13$1…K „H+&+3I&''$1G%:/'13J'…K „%-0&'3&F/&'&($G:/&…K „%-FF&(+G:*-5&($13J'…3

Page 16: Porlan Cambio Profesorado de Ciencias v28n1p31

8/18/2019 Porlan Cambio Profesorado de Ciencias v28n1p31

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/porlan-cambio-profesorado-de-ciencias-v28n1p31 16/16