Mundo Minero Edición 300 julio-agosto 2013

7/22/2019 Mundo Minero Edición 300 julio-agosto 2013

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CÓA VVVDDD K¹ 722 Mdec, Iumda hnm :237 Lukhchar9 Mugdcka G. Hnmdat Rrngda9 W/. 3>.22

G A Z X N W Å C

Mc edknråc eukhdcm ctrcvdn-sc uka hn sus eaenktas eãschvnrsas, gak prngdas qun hn-scmdnktck c mas prahugtarnshn entcmns y gastas qun fc-gnk gchc vnz eãs hdlågdm sc-gcr chnmcktn kunvas prayng-tas nk hdlnrnktns rnodakns hnmomaja. Rnsn c nmma, mas orck-hns dkvnrsdakdstcs dktnrkc-

gdakcmns sdounk cpastckhapar kunstra pcås, gaea ma hn-eunstrck mas rngdnktns ckuk-gdas nlngtuchas, uka trcsatra, par prdenråsdeas gak-sargdas edknra-entcmùrodgasn dkhustrdcmns, gaea ns nm gc-sa hn mc gfdkc Gfdkcmga y mcicpaknsc Edtsujdsfd.

Mc prdenrc ckukgd÷ nk iu-kda ùmtdea su hngdsd÷k hn dk-vnrtdr ^W$ 3,722 edmmakns,chdgdakcmns c mas W$ 7,>22edmmakns yc dkvnrtdhas nk suprayngta Xaraeagfa, c ldk hncepmdcr mc gcpcgdhch hn hdsn-óa hn mc pmcktc gakgnktrcha-

Gfdkcmga y Edtsujdsfd ckukgdck sdokdldgctdvcs dkvnrsdakns

MAW OZCKHNW DK\NZWDAKDWXCW ZNK^N\CKW^ GAKLDCKYC NK MC EDKNZÅC HNM RNZÙ

Rmcktc gakgnktrcharc hn Xaraeagfa, nk pmnkc gakstruggd÷k. Gfdkcmga fc ckukgdcha qun dkvnrtdrã ^W$ 3,722 edmmakns chdgdakcmns pcrc cepmdcr su gcpcgdhch hn pr agnscednkta.

rc, cgtucmenktn nk lcsn ldkcmhn gakstruggd÷k (\nr lata).Ka s÷ma nsa, fc fngfa scjnr tcejdäk qun jusgcrã atrasprayngtas edknras nk kunstra pcås y qun nstã hngdhdhcc pcrtdgdpcr nk mc puic par nmenoc-prayngta Mcs Jcejcs(Cpuråecg), qun mc sudzc Omnk-garn Vstrctc cgcjc hn paknr

nk vnktc.Hn atra mcha, nm gaksargda icpakäs Edtsujdsfd fdza katdgdc cm hdvumocr c ldkns hn iu-kda su ldren hntnredkcgd÷khn tnrgdcr nk nm hnscrramma hnmprayngta Yclrckcm, qun fcstc fcgn paga nrc apnrchac pcrtns doucmns par Xng` ymc edknrc iukdar CSE Gap-pnr. Edtsujdsfd fc chqudrdhanm :2% hnm prayngta gupråln-ra, vcmardzcha nk W$ 3,>22edmmakns, y sn nstdec qun sucpaya ldkckgdnra snrã sus- tckgdcm pcrc qun CSE Gap-pnr (nkgcrochc hn mc nxpma-

rcgd÷k) punhc dkdgdcr pr÷xd-ecenktn ukc kunvc rakhc hnpnrlarcgdakns y hcr dkdgda c mc

prn-lcgtdjdmdhch (Eãs dklarecgd÷k nk mcs Rãos. 3:, 72 y 73).

Eãs hn 3>,222 pralnsdakcmns edknras pragnhnktns hn taha nm Rnrù y :6pcåsns hn mas gdkga gaktdknktns, nstcrãk prnsnktns nk Crnqudpc pcrc pcrtdgd-pcr, hnm 3< cm :2 hn sntdnejrn, nk RNZ^EDK 73 Gakvnkgd÷k Edknrc, nmnvnkta edknra eãs orckhn n departcktn hn kunstra pcås y Mctdkaceärdgc.Mc Gakvnkgd÷k -gaea ns eukhdcmenktn gakagdhc- ctrcnrã, csdedsea, c ?>,222 vdsdtcktns dktnrnschas nk pcrtdgdpcr nk mas hdlnrnktns nkgunktras praorc-echas y nk rngarrnr mc nxfdjdgd÷k tngkam÷odgc, NVXNEDK, qun nk nstc nhd-gd÷k prnsnktcrã :,:37 stckhs, ns hngdr, uk grngdednkta hn <8% rnspngta

c Rnruedk :233. Nk kunstrc pr÷xdec nhdgd÷k prnsnktcrneas ukc gajnrturcnxtrcarhdkcrdc hn ma qun snrã nstn orckhdasa nvnkta.



8 Eukha Edknra Nhdgd÷k 722 - Iumda hnm :237

E^KHA EDKNZA ns nhdtcha par R^JMDGCGDAKNW XNGKDGCW W.C.G., nkMdec-Rnrù, hnshn cjrdm hn 3462

Onrnktn Onknrcm9 Gcrmas Hnmdat hnm CrgaOnrnktn hn Chedkdstrcgd÷k9 Iaron Iumda Hnmdat hnm CrgaZnhcggd÷k9 Aecr Cmvcrnz Earn, Iaron Chrdckzäk Rrcta y Rcmaec Hnmdat hnm CrgaInlcturc hn Rujmdgdhch9 Gcrmas Hnmdat hnm CrgaMaoåstdgc9 Mugåc Ounvcrc XarrnsWngrntcrdc hn Znhcggd÷k9 Nmjc Cmvcrcha CrqudkdaHnpcrtcenkta hn Hdstrdjugd÷k9 Muds Eckgfnoa y \ågtar RctRrn-Rrnksc9 Cuousta Ynvcmmas YcpctcDeprnsd÷k9 Garparcgd÷k Orãldgc Kagnhc W.C.G.HDZNGGDAK9 Gcrmas Crrdntc 377?, Wtc. Jnctrdz (Mdec-Rnrù), Xnmnlcx9 (>3-3) 8?3-368>

/ 8?3-<234 Cknxa 338 - necdm9 ptngkdgBtnrrc.gae.pn

GNZXDLDGCHA HN HNRAWDXA MNOCM K¹ :222-86:7

RNZDAHDGA "E^KHA EDKNZA" L^KHCHA NK 3462

W ^ECZDA

XAHAW GAKXZC MCGAZZ^RGD×K S^N RNZNKKDYC

MC EDKNZÅC DMNOCMNm lmconma hn mc edknråc dmnocm yc supnr÷ nk oc-

kckgdcs ecm fcjdhcs cm kcrgatrãldga y cm mcvchahn cgtdvas. Wnoùk nm cmta gaedsdakcha pcrc gae-jctdr nstn hnmdta, Nkrdqun Ãmvcrnz, nstn knoagda cm-gckz÷ mc prnagupcktn gdlrc hn ^W$ 7,222 edmma-kns ckucmns, y tdnkn gaea corcvcktn mc onknrc-gd÷k cmrnhnhar hn :2 cgtdvdhchns dmnocmns gakn-

xcs, nktrn mcs qun hnstcgck9 nm gaktrcjckha, mc

trctc hn pnrsakcs gak ldkns hn praxnkntdsea,nm trcjcia dklcktdm y mc hnmdkgunkgdc arockdzchc.

Ka sn punhn hngdr qun karectdvdhch lcmtc.Eãs hn ukc vndktnkc hn mnyns y prayngtas snfck hnstdkcha, y sak vcrdas mas sngtarns hnm Nin-gutdva qun sn nkgcrock hn supnrvdscr su guepmd-ednkta.

±Suä depdhn nktakgns su nrrchdgcgd÷k1 Xahadkhdgc qun mc lcmtc hn hngdsd÷k ldren hnm Nstcha yukc odocktnsgc gumturc hn garrupgd÷k sak mas prdk-gdpcmns nsgammas par vnkgnr.

^tdmdgneas pcrc ninepmdldgcr mc garrupgd÷k nmgcsa eãs nejmneãtdga9 Echrn hn Hdas. ±G÷ealukgdakc mc gchnkc1 Wnoùk hnkukgdcs hn pajmcha-rns hnm muocr, cmoukas ecmas neprnscrdas echnrn-ras samdgdtck pnredsas larnstcmns pcrc tcmcr yhnspnicr mc zakc hn ãrjamns y hnick uk ãrnc mdepdc

qun pahrãk cmqudmcr c edknras dmnocmns, tcm gaeanstã sugnhdnkha nk mc zakc hn ceartdoucednktahn mc Znsnrvc Kcturcm hn Xcejapctc.

Mc gchnkc hn pahrnhuejrn sn codocktc gaknm tnec hnm cmqudmnr hn mcs ecqudkcrdcs. ±Cmoudnkpunhn knocr qun eugfas neprnscrdas y cutard-hchns sak mas prdkgdpcmns pravnnharns hn nstasnqudpas1 ±G÷ea sn nxpmdgc qun mc pamdgåc hn gc-rrntnrc snc tck nstrdgtc gak taha cqunm qun trck-sdtc nk uk cuta par mc zakc, pnra ka hdoc kchcguckha gcedakns gak ecqudkcrdc pnschc gdrgu-mck c vdstc y pcgdnkgdc hn tahas1

Wd nmdedkcr mc edknråc dmnocm ns hn cmoukc eckn-rc nrrchdgcr mc garrupgd÷k, mc tcrnc ns eãs gae-pmdgchc, y ka nkgaktrcrã samugd÷k nk eãs mnynsa hdsgursas hneco÷odgas par pcrtn hnm Nstcha.Nstn kngnsdtcrã hcr eunstrcs hn vamuktch pcrcgcstdocr ninepmcrenktn c mas lukgdakcrdas dkva-

mugrchas nk cgtas hn garrupgd÷k, gak eugfc eãsruhnzc qun c mas gduhchckas gaeukns, par gcr-ocr gak ecyar rnspakscjdmdhch.

Nm snrvdhar pùjmdga hnjn tnknr gmcra pcrc quä y cm snrvdgda hn qudäk trcjcic. Nsc gmcrdhch hndhncs tcejdäk tdnkn qun nxdstdr nk nm ãejdta prdvc-ha. Mc garrupgd÷k grngn y sd ka sn mc hntdnkn c

tdnepa mmnoc c snr ukc prãgtdgc karecm.

Rar ùmtdea, ns kngnscrda sdepmdldgcr mas pragn-hdednktas y prdardzcr mcs mnyns jãsdgcs qun pnred-

tck mc iustdgdc0 puns depaknr mnyns vckcs, trdvdc-mns a nxgnsdvcenktn hurcs s÷ma grnc mc rncggd÷kgaktrcrdc c mc ldkcmdhch hnsnchc. \dvdeas nk ukeukha nk nm qun sajrck mcs karecs. Nk nm qunmc ecrcóc iuråhdgc ns tck hnksc qun ns euy hd-lågdm su guepmdednkta. Rar nmma, mc sdepmdgdhch iurå-hdgc, uk mnkoucin snkgdmma y cggnsdjmn pcrc tahasmas apnrcharns iuråhdgas (lukgdakcrdas, iungns y

gduhchckas), sak lcgtarns nsnkgdcmns pcrc fcgnrhn mcs mnyns uk dkstruenkta nldgcz nk mc mugfcgaktrc mc garrupgd÷k.

Rão. < Mc prdkgdpcm cenkczc pcrc mcedknråc ns mc nsgcsnz hn gcpd-

tcm. Dklaren rnvnmchar hn mc gak-sumtarc Nrkst & Tauko.

Rão. 6 Mcrc Nxpmarctdak cgunrhc mc vnktc hnm prayngta curålnra Orc-gn c Cruktckd. Chqudsdgd÷k hnm322% hnm prayngta sn cgarh÷nk ^W$ : edmmakns nk nlngtdva.

Rãos.32 Mc edknråc dkvnrtdrã ^W$ ::,>edmmakns fcstc nm :23< nk 3?

prayngtas y cepmdcgdakns hnedkc. Nktrnvdstc c Ecocmd Crn-mmcka, Onrnktn hn Rnrù Xap Ru-jmdgctdaks c prap÷sdta hn su ùmtd-ec pujmdgcgd÷k.

Rão. 3: Dkvnrsd÷k hn Edtsujdsfd nk Yclrc-kcm ns ukc nxgnmnktn katdgdc pc-rc nm Rnrù. ×sgcr Rnza, \dgnprnsd-hnktn hn Hnscrramma Garparctd-

va hn Hurck \nkturns, kas nxpmd-gc mc departckgdc hn nstn cgunr-ha.

Rão. 38 \ågtar Oajdtz csued÷ mc Onrnk-gdc Onknrcm hn Edmpa. Gak nxpnrd-enktcha dkonkdnra hn edkcs, mcgaepcóåc jusgc csnourcr gak-

tdkudhch hn onstd÷k neprnscrdcm.

Rão. 3< Wagdnhch Onam÷odgc hnm Rnrùhdstdkoud÷ mc trcyngtardc praln-sdakcm hnm Hr. Hakcmh Kajmn. Zn-gakagdednkta c uk pralnsdakcmrnspakscjmn hn hnsgujrdednk-

tas onam÷odgas departcktns pc-rc nm Rnrù.

Rão. :: Dkstdtuta hn Dkonkdnras hn Edkcs y Edkdstnrda hn Nknroåc y Edkcs trcjcicrãk iuktas pcrc fcgnr mmn-ocr mas jnknldgdas hn mc edknråcrnspakscjmn. Dklarecgd÷k, gaeu-kdgcgd÷k y gcpcgdtcgd÷k ka lcmtc-rãk nk zakcs hn dklmunkgdc ed-knrc.

Rão. :8 Gcpåtuma hn Edkcs gnmnjr÷ c maorckhn su ckdvnrscrda. Gnrnea-kdc par >2 cóas hn vdhc dkstd-

tugdakcm sdrvd÷ tcejdäk pcrc rnk-hdr faenkcin c hdstdkoudhas pra-lnsdakcmns hnm sngtar.

Rãos.:6 Rdnzcs ockcharcs hnm GakgursaKcgdakcm hn Rmctc mmnocrak pcrchnsmuejrcr Mdec. Ockcharcshnm gakgursa nk Dma sn prnsnk-

tcrak nk nvnkta rncmdzcha nk mcXarrn Dktnrjck`.

Rãos.72 Gfdkcmga dkgrnenktc su dkvnr-sd÷k nk Xaraeagfa. Kunva eak-

ta ns par W$ 8,622 emms. Euk-ha Edknra tuva cggnsa c latasnxgmusdvcs hnm prayngta.

Rão. 7> Nm kunva rnta hnm sngtar edknrarnspakscjmn. Gamuekc hn apd-kd÷k hnm Dkonkdnra Cmjnrta Jra-gas.

Rãos.7< Gaktramns tngtakaecoeãtdgas,onaquåedgas y cnraecokätdgasnk rnmcgd÷k c mas p÷rldhas hn ga-jrn nk nm sur hnm Rnrù. Crtåguma

tägkdga nsgmcrngnhar hn _dmmdceEcrtåknz (Gaksargda Edknra Fa-rdzaktn), Xfdnrry Wnepnrn (Dk-

vnstdochar hnm DZH), Cocpdta Wãk-gfnz (Ckoma Rnrucka Xnrrc) yInrney Zdgfcrhs (^kdvnrsdhchhn Cmjnrtc).

Rãos. 8: Eahnmcednkta hn Xrckspartn hnGaktcedkcktns hn JatchnrasEdknras y Hnp÷sdtas hn Znmc-

vns. Crtågu ma tägkdga hn WcùmEaktayc, fdhraon÷maoa snkdar.

33

:4

73

82

87



< Eukha Edknra Nhdgd÷k 722 - Iumda hnm :237

Nm hnspmaen hn mas prngdashn mas entcmns prnagupc c mc

edknråc y csustc c mas dkvnrsda-kdstcs hn garta pmcza, quncpastcrak par nm sngtar edkn-ra ctrcåhas par mcs rãpdhcs oc-kckgdcs rnodstrchcs hurcktn nmrngdnktn sùpnr-gdgma. Cfarc, nstas dkvnrsdakdstcs cjckhakcknm jcrga edknra, mmnvãkhasn gak-sdoa su prngdcha gcpdtcm fcgdcsngtarns enkas rdnsoasas.

Mc cusnkgdc hn gcpdtcm ns mc

Znvnmchar rnpartn hn mc gaksumtarc Nrkst & Tauko

MC RZDKGDRCM CENKCYC RCZC MCEDKNZÅC NW MC NWGCWNY HN GCRDXCM

cenkczc #3 qun nklrnktc mcsneprnscs edknrcs snoùk mc gak-

sumtarc dktnrkcgdakcm Nrkst & Tauko (NT) nk su rnpartn ”Jusd-knss rds`s lcgdko edkdko ckhentcms :237-:238―.

Wn trctc hn uk lcgtar prna-gupcktn pcrc mc dkhustrdc ed-knrc, puns ajmdoc c mcs orckhnsgaepcóåcs c gaepntdr par ukpcstnm hn ldkckgdcednkta eãsmdedtcha pcrc sus rnspngtdvasprayngtas.

Nk uk nktarka hn jcias prn-gdas hn mas entcmns, dklmcgd÷k hn

gastas y ecoras hdvdhnkhas pc-rc mas cggdakdstcs, nm nlngta rn-sumtc sdnkha cmcrecktn pcrc mcsgaepcóåcs snkdar y hnvcstcharpcrc mcs iukdar, puns nstcs ùmtd-ecs hnpnkhnk hnm gcpdtcm qunmnvcktck nk jamsc pcrc sajrnvd-

vdr.

Wnoùk Nrkst & Tauko, ma qunsn vnrã nk mas pr÷xdeas ensnssnrã nm cpmczcednkta hn prayng-

tas edknras nk ntcpc hn nx-pmarcgd÷k y hnscrramma (eãs kahn gakstruggd÷k, puns ästassdounk su prapdc hdkãedgc) ymc gaksamdhcgd÷k hn mcs edkn-rcs iukdar, ns hngdr, mc lusd÷khn ukcs gak atrcs gaea ns-

trctnodc hn supnrvdvnkgdc.

”Nm :2% hn mcs edknrcs iukdar tdnknk enkas hn ^W$3 edmm÷k nk gcic―, snócmc mcgaksumtarc.

AXZCW CENKCYCW

Mcs sdoudnktns nk mc mdstc hncenkczcs hn Nrkst & Taukosak9

:) Gcåhc nk mc prahugtdvd-hch.- Mas cmtas prngdas hn masentcmns rnodstrchas nk mc ùmtd-ec hägchc fck gceulmcha nmknoctdva depcgta hn mc gcåhcnk mc prahugtdvdhch y mc pagc

hdsgdpmdkc hnm sngtar edknra.Nm rngdnktn hnspmaen nk mas prn-gdas fc hnvnmcha mc orcvnhchhnm prajmnec, rnldnrn mc gak-sumtarc.

7) Mc kcgdakcmdzcgd÷k hn masrngursas.- Wnoùk NT, mc gcåhcnk mas prngdas hn mas entcmnska fc hntnkdha c mas oajdnr-kas nk su clãk par nxprdedrc mc edknråc, c trcväs hn gak-ldsgcgdakns y orcvãenkns.

8) Gaklmdgtas sagdcmns.- NT gaksdhnrc cm Rnrù gaea nmprdkgdpcm laga hn cgtdvdsea ck-

td-edknra nk mc rnod÷k y prnväuk ”patnkgdc gaktcoda fcgdcGamaejdc y Cronktdkc―.

>) Häldgdt hn tcmnktas.- Nmprajmnec hn mc nsgcsnz hn pra-lnsdakcmns y trcjcicharns ed-knras sn fc eardonrcha ukpaga hnjdha c mc gckgnmcgd÷khn prayngtas departcktns, pn-ra sn ecktdnkn gaea uk hnsc-lda hn mcroa pmcza, sajrn tahank mas rujras hn dkonkdnråc hn

edkcs y onamaoåc.

<) \amctdmdhch nk mas prn-gdas hn mas entcmns.- Mas ckc-mdstcs prnväk uk nktarka hnnmnvchc vamctdmdhch nk mas prn-gdas hn mas entcmns par maspr÷xdeas has c trns cóas. kcenhdhc pcrc gaktrcrrnstcr ns-

tn nlngta pahråc snr mc utdmdzc-gd÷k hn gajnrturcs (fnhodko)pnra qun fcrãk lcmtc atrcs fn-rrcednktcs.

?) Rcrcmdzcgd÷k hn prayngtas edknras.- Nk nm :23: fu-ja pagas ckukgdas hn dkvnr-sd÷k nk kunvas prayngtas ed-knras, ednktrcs qun cqunmmasnk gcrrnrc rnodstrcrak uk ka-

tarda nkgcrngdednkta hn susgastas hn gcpdtcm (GCRNV).Rcsguc Mcec (Jcrrdg`), nkGfdmn-Cronktdkc, y Edkcs Zda(Ckoma Cenrdgck), nk Jrcsdm,fck dklmcha sus GCRNV c kdvn-

mns cmcrecktns. Cejas supn-rck mas $6.>22 edmmakns nkdkvnrsd÷k gaepraentdhc y ka

tdnknk vdsas hn scmdr chnmcktn.

6) Ecoras jnknldgdas.- Masstc`nfamhnrs (cggdakdstcs, ga-eukdhchns, trcjcicharns y oa-jdnrkas) hneckhck ecyarnsjnknldgdas c mcs gaepcóåcs ed-knrcs, pnra mc gayukturc hn jc-

ias prngdas hn mas entcmns y cmtas gastas ka cyuhck c ästcs.

4) Cggnsa c dklrcnstrugturc.- C enhdhc qun mc edknråccggnhn c muocrns eãs rnea-

tas, sn fcgn pctnktn qun ceugfcs gaepcóåcs edknrcs

y oajdnrkas sn mns fcgn euyhdlågdm ldkckgdcr sus gcrnkgdcs

hn dklrcnstrugturc.32) Cenkczc hn sustdtu-

gd÷k.- Nm trnpdhcktn cvckgn hnmc tngkamaoåc -tnen mc edknråc-punhn eatdvcr nm hdsnóa hnkunvas ectnrdcmns gcpcgns hnsustdtudr praornsdvcenktn c masentcmns.

Rrayngta Edkcs Zda (Ckoma Cenrdgck).




Gcmnkhcrda EdknraGaeukdgcha hn Rrnksc

MCZC CG^NZHC MC \NKXC HNM RZATNGXAC^ZÅLNZA OZCGN C CZ^KXCKD W.C.G.

\ckgauvnr, Gamuejdc Jrdtãkdgc - (Ecr ntwdrn - 32 hn Iumda hnm :237).- Mcrc Nxpmarctdak Mth. (”Mcrc― amc ”Gaepcóåc―) (XWV \nkturn9 MZC) sn gaepmcgn nk ckukgdcr qun fc susgrdta ukc Gcrtc hn Dktnkgd÷k (”MAD―)gak Cpuecya W.C.G., ukc sujsdhdcrdc hn mc gaepcóåc edknrc curålnrc pnruckc Cruktckd W.C.G. (”Cruktckd―)pcrc mc chqudsdgd÷k hnm 322% hnm prayngta curålnra Orcgn hn mc Gaepcóåc ujdgcha nk nm sur hnm Rnrù par W$: edmmakns nk nlngtdva, pcochnras hn mc sdoudnktn ecknrc9

Mcrc tcejdäk tnkhrã hnrngfa cm pcoa hn rnocmåcs (”KWZ―) hn mc prahuggd÷k hn ara u ara nqudvcmnktn hn ta-has mas entcmns hn mc sdoudnktn ecknrc9

Cruktckd y su sujsdhdcrdc Cpuecya sn gaepraentdnrak chneãs c ocstcr uk eåkdea hn W$ >22,222 nkmc nxpmarcgd÷k hn mc prapdnhch y mc ningugd÷k hn uk eåkdea hn 7,222 entras hn pnrlarcgd÷k hnktra hn uk cóac pcrtdr hn mc gakgnsd÷k hn mas pnredsas hn pnrlarcgd÷k. Cgtucmenktn, Cruktckd y su sujsdhdcrdc Cpuecya,nstãk hnscrrammckha apnrcgdakns edknrcs par ara c tcia cjdnrta nk mas hnp÷sdtas npdtnrecmns magcmdzchas dk-enhdctcenktn cm sur hn mcs prapdnhchns hn Mcrc y hnrdvchas hn zakcs hn cmtnrcgd÷k edknrcmdzchcs sdedmcrnsc mcs hnsgrdtcs nk Orcgn.

Nm prayngta Orcgn hn <,<22 fngtãrncs cjcrgc \amgckagmãstdgas Xnrgdcrdas, gartchas par gunrpas hn såmdgnjrngfcha y vnkcs gak fcmas hn såmdgn hn gucrza-cmukdtc cepmdas y orckumcrns, dkhdgctdvas hn uk sdstnec npdtnr-ecm hn cmtc sumlurcgd÷k jdnk gaksnrvcha. C mc lngfc, sn fc hnmdkncha ukc zakc hn cmtnrcgd÷k fdhratnrecm qunsn nxtdnkhn cpraxdechcenktn nk < dm÷entras hn mcroa par 3 c 3.> dm÷entras hn ckgfa, hakhn mcs eunstrcs

tdpa rag` gfdp fck crraicha vcmarns ck÷ecmas hn ara, pmctc, crsäkdga, enrgurda y cktdeakda.

Gaktram hn Gcmdhch

Ckhrä Ocutfdnr, Rrnsdhnktn hn Mcrc y ednejra hn mc Arhnk hn Dkonkdnras hn Suäjng, ns ukc Rnrsakc Gc-mdldgchc hn gaklaredhch gak nm Dkstruenkta Kcgdakcm 87-323 hn Karecs hn Hdvumocgd÷k hn mas Rrayngtas Ed-knras hn mas Chedkdstrcharns hn \cmarns Gckchdnksns, y fc vnrdldgcha mc dklarecgd÷k tägkdgc y mc larec hn su

hdvumocgd÷k nk nstn gaeukdgcha hn prnksc.Wajrn Mcrc

Mcrc ns ukc gaepcóåc hn nxpmarcgd÷k qun sdoun nm eahnma hn knoagdas hn Onknrchar hn Rraspngtas, guyaajintdva ns edkdedzcr mc hdmugd÷k hn mas cggdakdstcs y nm rdnsoa ldkckgdnra enhdcktn mc onknrcgd÷k hn praspngtaspcrc munoa nxpmarcrmas nk iadkt vnkturns ldkckgdchas par mas sagdas. Mc Gaepcóåc pasnn cgtucmenktn ukc gcr -

tnrc hn hdvnrsas praspngtas y hnp÷sdtas nk Jrcsdm, Rnrù, Gamaejdc y Gfdmn hakhn fc susgrdta qudkgn Cgunrhashn Iadkt \nkturns y trns Cmdckzcs Nstrctäodgcs, dkgmuynkha ukc pcrc nxpmarcr gajrn gak Cktalcocstc nk Jrc-sdm. Mcs cggdakns gaeukns hn Mcrc sn gatdzck nk nm XWV \nkturn Nxgfckon jcia nm såejama ”MZC―.

Rcrc ecyar dklarecgd÷k sajrn Mcrc Nxpmarctdak Mth., sårvcksn gaksumtcr kunstrc pãodkc wnj www.mcrcnxpmarctdak.gae, a gaktcgtcr c Gfrds EcgDktyrn, \dgnprnsdhnktn hn Hnscrramma Garparctdva, cm+3 83< ?27 22

Kd mc XWV \nkturn Nxgfckon, kd mc Arockdzcgd÷k Znoumcharc hn mc Dkhustrdc hn Dkvnrsdakns hn Gckchã cgnptck mc rnspakscjdmdhch par mc chngucgd÷k a prngdsd÷k hn nstn gaeukdgcha.

Gcktdhch^W$ Xdnepa

?>,222 C mc ldrec hnm Cgunrha Hnldkdtdva.

3:>,222 3: ensns hn mc cprajcgd÷k hn mcs cutardhchns (Hdrnggd÷k Onknrcm hn Edknråc)pcrc nm dkdgda hn mcs cgtdvdhchns.

722,222 :8 ensns hn mc cprajcgd÷k hn mcs cutardhchns (Hdrnggd÷k Onknrcm hn Edknråc)pcrc nm dkdgda hn mcs cgtdvdhchns.

3,>22,222 7< ensns hn mc cprajcgd÷k hn mcs cutardhchns (Hdrnggd÷k Onknrcm hn Edknråc)pcrc nm dkdgda hn mcs cgtdvdhchns.

Rrahuggd÷k (Akzcs Xray) hn Ara (a Nqudvcmnktn) (%) Znocmåc KWZ Cpmdgcjmn

2 c 344,444 Kdkoukc:22,222 c 844,444 2.?>%>22,222 ã eãs 3.22%

D\ GAKLNZNKGDC HN DKONKDNZAWGAHNDKONKDNZAW :237

Hnm :7 cm :? hn agtujrn.- Gak nm suonstdva tåtuma ”Nm rnta hn mcs Dkonkdnråcs qun nm Rnrù kngnsdtc pcrc su hnscrramma―, mc Wagdnhch hn Dkonkdnras hnm Rnrù prnsnktc mcD\ Gaklnrnkgdc hn Dkonkdnras, GAHNDKONKDNZAW :237.Mc gdtc ns depnrhdjmn puns sn hnscrrammcrãk departck-tnsgaklnrnkgdcs tägkdgcs pcrc mc gaeukdhch dkonkdnrdm. Rcrc-mnmcenktn sn mmnvcrã c gcja mc D Nxfdjdgd÷k tägkdgc hn nqud-pas, ecqudkcrdcs y snrvdgdas hn dkonkdnråc. Chneãs, mascsdstnktns pahrãk hdslrutcr hn uk Xcmmnr _ar`sfap. Nmnvnkta tnkhrã gaea gamal÷k mc prnedcgd÷k c mas dkonkdnras

y neprnscrdas hnstcgchas nk mcs prãgtdgcs sagdcm-gaeu-kdtcrdcs y hn enhda cejdnktn. Dk-larens9 Wagdnhch hnDkonkdnras hnm Rnrù. Cvnkdhc Kdgamãs hn Rdäramc ?66,Gnrgcha hn Mdec. Xnml.9 8:7-4<36. Xnmnlcx9 8:8-?>3?.Garrna nmngtr÷kdga9 sagQdkoQpnruBtnrrc.gae.pn

GFDKC EDKDKO :237

Hnm : cm > hn kavdnejrn.- Nspngdcm ctnkgd÷k enrngnmc Gaklnrnkgdc y Nxfdjdgd÷k GFDKC EDKDKO :237, prdkgdpcmnvnkta edknra hn Gfdkc y hn Csdc, qun sn rncmdzcrã nk mcgduhch hn Xdckidk. Rnrù ka snrã cinka c mc gdtc y pcrc nmmacmdstc mc ”Edsd÷k Rnrù―, ukc cmdckzc edknrc pùjmdga-prdvchc,

qun tdnkn par ajintdva gaksamdhcr y cgrngnktcr mc prnsnkgdchnm pcås, gak nm ldk hn praeavnr mas knoagdas nktrn mcs dk-hustrdcs edknrcs hn Gfdkc y Rnrù. Mc entc ns gmcrc9 mmnvcrnm enkscin hnm sngtar edknra pnrucka nk mc Wnsd÷k Edknråcnk Rnrù y gaepmntcr nm Rcjnmm÷k Rnrù gak 38 neprnscsn dkstdtugdakns. Mc hnmnocgd÷k pnruckc nstcrã nkgcjnzchcpar nm Edkdstnrda hn Nknroåc y Edkcs, DKONEENX, Gãecrchn Gaenrgda Rnrucka Gfdkc, Gamnoda hn Dkonkdnras hnmRnrù, Dkstdtuta hn Dkonkdnras hn Edkcs hnm Rnrù. Eãs dk-larens9 Gaedtä Arockdzchar hn mc Edsd÷k Rnrù c GfdkcEdkdko. Garrna nmngtr÷kdga9 gfdkc.edkdkoBedknrckhdkc.gae Xnmälaka9 ?3>-:?>:

DD GAKOZNWA HN LCICW XZCKWRAZXCHAZCW

Hnm :6 cm 34 hn kavdnejrn.- Nm tcejdäk hnkaedkchaJnmt Rnrù :237 ns uk gakornsa arockdzcha par mc neprn-sc Nhagtue, gak eãs hn 32 cóas hn nxpnrdnkgdc hnhdgc-has c mc ningugd÷k hn gursas y gakornsas gnktrchas nkmc edknråc. Nstn DD Gakornsa hn Lcics Xrckspartcharcs ns-

tã hdrdodha c tahas cqunmmas pralnsdakcmns, ningutdvas y täg-

kdgas qun nstäk rnmcgdakchas gak nm hdsnóa, mc apnrcgd÷k y mc ecktnkg d÷k hn lcics a gdktcs trckspartcharcs nkpmcktcs edknrcs. Cmoukas hn mas gaktnkdhas qun sn cjar-hcrãk sak9 hdsnóa, snmnggd÷k, y apnrcgd÷k hn lcics trcks-partcharc0 sdstnecs hn gaktram cutaeãtdga, snmnggd÷k,apnrcgd÷k n depmnenktcgd÷k hn sdstnecs eatrdgns0 eck-

tnkgd÷k hn garrncs trckspar tcharcs y sus cggnsardas0sdstnec hn ecknia hn pamvas0 hdsnóa hn trcspcsas mdjrnshn ctarcednkta y hnrrcens0 ckãmdsds hn lcmmcs hn garrncs

trckspar tcharcs, nktrn atrcs. Mc gdtc sn rncmd zcrã nk nmFatnm _nstdk hn Mdec. Dklarens9 Nhagtue - Zascrda Wur43, Al. ?27, Mcs Gakhns - Wcktdcoa - Gfdmn. Xnml.9 +><2: :??2 83<8. Rãodkc wnj9 fttp9//www.nhagtue.gm/jnmt-pnru.ftem . Dvnttn Zaeãk, rnspakscjmn hnm nvnkta.Garrna nmngtr÷kdga9 dvnttn.raeckBnhagtue.gm




Nm Nstuhda hn Rnru Xap Rujmdgc- tdaks dkhdgc qun kunstra pcås gcptc-rã dkvnrsdakns par W$ ><,222 ed-mmakns hurcktn mas pr÷xdeas 32 cóas.±Wdoun nxdstdnkha gakldckzc nk nm ne-prnscrdcha c pnscr hn mas rntrcsasqun vneas nk cmoukas prayngtas1

Wnoùk rnvnmc kunstrc dkvnstdoc-gd÷k, nm Rnrù gunktc gak ukc gcrtnrchn >8 prayngtas edknras qun hneck-hcrãk ukc dkvnrsd÷k csgnkhnktn c W$><,>87 edmmakns pcrc nm pnråaha :237-:2:2, hn mas gucmns W$ 6,2<> ed-mmakns (38.:6%) sak dkvnrsdakns pcrcmmnvcr c gcja cepmdcgdakns0 ^W$:2,2<8 edmmakns (7>.>:%) pcrc prayngtas gak NDC cprajchas0 W$ 3,<72edmmakns (:.64%) gak NDC prnsnktchas

y W$ :<,?72 edmmakns (8?.7:%) pc-rc prayngtas nk nxpmarcgd÷k. Wdk ne-jcroa, sn punhnk nspnrcr dkvnrsdaknspar W$ ::,>67 edmmakns pcrc nm pn-råaha :237-:23< nk 3? prayngtas,hn mas gucmns mas prayngtas guprålnras(6) sak mas qun tdnknk ecyarns pasdjd-mdhchns hn hnscrrammcrsn gak uk depcg-

ta euy departcktn nk mc prahuggd÷khn gajrn9 Xaraeagfa, Mcs Jcejcs,Sunmmcvnga, Gakstckgdc, Edkc Iustc y

mcs cepmdcgdakns hn Guciakn, Xaqunpc-mc y Gnrra \nrhn, gak dkvnrsdakns hn^W$ 34,<73 edmmakns. Nk ara, sama fcyhas prayngtas9 Dkvdgtc y Wfcfudkha,gak dkvnrsdakns hn W$ ::> edmmakns.

Mcs neprnscs edknrcs sn nkla-gck eãs nk nxpcksd÷k hn sus apnrc-gdakns cktns qun dkdgdcr kunvas prayngtas ±Rar quä1

Fay nk håc, mas orupas edknras sngakgnktrck eãs nk mc nxpcksd÷k hnsus cgtdvas, gakagdhas nk mc inroc hnmc dkhustrdc gaea prayngtas jrawkldnmh a prayngtas hn cepmdcgd÷k hn dks-

tcmcgdakns edknrcs, nk vnz hn hnsc-rrammcr kunvcs edkcs pcrtdnkha hnshngnra a mas hnkaedkchas prayngtasornnkldnmh . Mas prayngtas hn cepmdc-gd÷k sak, onknrcmenktn, eugfa en-kas gastasas, cukqun tcejdäk gaktrd-juynk eugfa enkas cm grngdednktahn mc alnrtc0 ednktrcs qun mas prayng-

tas ornnkldnmh sak aknrasas, hdlågdmnspar nm ecknia cejdnktcm y sagdcm y, cenkuha, hneckhck eãs tdnepa hnma prayngtcha. Wn gcmgumc qun sama ukpargnktcin euy jcia hnm tatcm hn sdtdasnxpmarchas (nktrn 3% y 8%) gumedkck

gak äxdta. Nk nm Rnrù mas gastas hnapnrcgd÷k fck cuenktcha dktnrckucm-enktn nk :2%. Jcicr nstas prngdassnrã rnmnvcktn pcrc sastnknr mas eãr-onkns hn rnktcjdmdhch lrnktn c uk gak-

tnxta hn prngdas häjdmns.

±Suä rntas dkenhdctas nklrnktc-rã mc edknråc1

Mas pr÷xdeas cóas mc orck prnagu-pcgd÷k y mc tnkhnkgdc hn mas dkvnrsda-kdstcs y hn mcs edknrcs rchdgcrã nknm gaktram hn gastas. Mas nspngdcmdstcseukhdcmns gaksdhnrck qun mas prayng-

tas jusgcrãk eãs rnktcjdmdhch qungrngdednkta hn mas kdvnmns hn prahug-gd÷k. Nm gcejda nk enkgd÷k sn prahu-gn parqun mas prngdas hn mas entcmnssn nstãk hnjdmdtckha. C kdvnm omajcm, mas

gastas hn mc nknroåc nstãk sujdnkhahnjdha c qun junkc pcrtn hn mc onkn-rcgd÷k nmägtrdgc nstã jcschc nk nm pn-

tr÷mna. C nmma sn cóchn mc snksdjdmdhchpar nm enhda cejdnktn hn mas vngdkashn mas prayngtas edknras, ma qun fcgngchc vnz eãs hdlågdm mc hdspakdjdmdhchhn ajtnknr couc pcrc mas pragnsas(hcha qun mcs dkdgdctdvcs edknrcs sakeuy orckhns), ma qun sn trchugn nkpmczas eãs pramakochas pcrc gaksn-oudr mas pnredsas y mcs mdgnkgdcs kngn-scrdcs pcrc apnrcr, gak mcs gaksd-oudnktns cmzcs hn gastas.

±Gaksdhnrc qun mcs edknrcs iukdarsak nm sngtar eãs departcktn nkguckta c nxpmarcgd÷k1

Wak uk sngtar euy departcktn pcrc

Ecocmd Crnmmcka,Onrnktn hn Dkvnstdocgd÷k y Rrayngtas hn Rnru Xap Rujmdgctdaks.

Rraynggdakns hnm mdjra ”Rrayngtas y Rraspngtas Edknras

MC EDKNZÅC DK\NZXDZÃ W$ ::,>22 EDMMAKNW FCWXC NM :23< NK 3? RZRrayngtas y Rraspngtas Edknras nk nm Rnrù :237-:23< ns mc ùmtd-

ec pujmdgcgd÷k qun cgcjc hn prnsnktcr Rnru Xap9 Rujmdgctdaks, nhdta-rdcm qun gunktc gak vcrdcs dkvnstdocgdakns prnstdodascs hnm sngtar. Euk-ha Edknra gakvnrs÷ gak su Onrnktn hn Dkvnstdocgd÷k y Hnscrramma,

Ecocmd Crnmmcka, qudnk kas hntcmm÷ mc gcrtnrc hn dkvnrsd÷k edknrc qunsn nspnrc hn gcrc c mas pr÷xdeas hdnz cóas, cså gaea mas rntas qun nk-lrnktc nm sngtar y nm pcpnm qun mcs edknrcs iukdar pahråck hnsnepnócr.




33 Eukha Edknra

dzcr nxpmarcgdakns. Nk kunstra mdjraeas hntngtcha qun nxdstn 882 pra-tas gak cmoùk tdpa hn nstuhda ce-ktcm y 782 praspngtas ecknichas::> ectrdgns nk :2 rnodakns hnm

ù, hn mcs gucmns cpraxdechcenktn2 sak iukdar. Chneãs hnm partclamda>8 prayngtas gak dkvnrsdakns supn-ns c mas ^W$ ><,>87 edmmakns, :2yngtas nstãk sdnkha hnscrrammchasukc lcsn dkdgdcm par neprnscs iukdar as prayngtas hneckhcrãk dkvnrsda-qun sueck W$ :7,222 edmmakns.

Nm prajmnec cgtucm qun ctrcvdnsckiukdar ns qun mns rnsumtc euy hdlågdmaktrcr ldkckgdcednkta, cukcha cm dk-enkta hn gastas, mc dknstcjdmdhchm prngda hn mas gaeeahdtdns, prajmn-

s nk mcs cutardzcgdakns y mcs rnmcgda-gaeukdtcrdcs, ma qun sn trchugn

enkarns nxpmarcgdakns y entraslarchas.

±Guãkta tdnepa eãs nspnrcrn-

s par nm prayngta Gakoc1

Wnoùk kunstras gãmgumas nm prayng-ahråc dkdgdcr apnrcgdakns nk nm :23?

eprn y guckha fcyc atra gaktnxtatdga rnodakcm hn gcrc c mcs nmnggda-hnm cóa :238.

±Guãkta tdnepa tae÷ rncmdzcr ns-kvnstdocgd÷k y guãktas pralnsda-ns nstuvdnrak dkvamugrchas1

Mc dkvnstdocgd÷k hur÷ cpraxdechc-enktn : cóas, n dkvamugr÷ c eugfaspralnsdakcmns nk nm pragnsa hn rnga-pdmcgd÷k hn dklarecgd÷k, nsqunectdzc-gd÷k, rncmdzcgd÷k hn nktrnvdstcs, hdsgu-

sd÷k pcrc mas ckãmdsds, praynggdakns,nktrn atras puktas. Gaktceas gak uknqudpa hn dkvnstdocharns nspngdcmdzc-has nk nstn tdpa hn pujmdgcgdakns, ycqun tnkneas :? cóas hn nxpnrdnkgdc

y mdhnrczoa nk mc nhdgd÷k hn JusdknssJaa`s.

±Suä ajintdva prdkgdpcm tdnknk gaknstc pujmdgcgd÷k1

Nm mdjra Rrayngtas y Rraspngtas Ed- knras nk nm Rnrù, :237-:23< ns mcgaktdkucgd÷k hn ukc snrdn hn trns md-jras sajrn edknråc pnruckc pujmdgc-has par Rnru9 Xap Rujmdgctdaks nk mcsùmtdecs has hägchcs (3442, :224,:233, :237). Mc prnsnktn nhdgd÷k ns-

tã nklagchc nk mas prayngtas y pras-pngtas edknras y eunstrc taha nm pa-

tnkgdcm onam÷odga y mcs dkvnrsdaknspar rncmdzcr nk nm sngtar edknra, ukahn mas eãs departcktns hn mc ngaka-eåc pnruckc, rnspakscjmn nk orckenhdhc hn su grngdednkta sastnkdha.Nstn trcjcia hn dkvnstdocgd÷k nspn-gdcmdzcha gajrc ecyar rnmnvckgdcnk nm gaktnxta cgtucm par mc gcåhc nkmas kdvnmns hn prahuggd÷k y rnsnrvcshn vcrdcs edkcs departcktns nk nmRnrù.

nm Rnrù― (:237-:23<)

GXAW T CERMDCGDAKNW HN EDKC



Mc sdtucgd÷k onknrcm hn mcs ed-knrcs iukdar ns gaepmnic nk nm cg-

tucm gaktnxta hn dkvnrsd÷k. Enka-rns prngdas cgtucmns hn mas entcmnsnstãk mmnvckha c praynggdakns eãs

pnsdedstcs rnspngta hn mas prngdasluturas0 csdedsea, mas dkvnrsdakdstcs prnldnrnk ka dkvnrtdr nk enrgc-has nenronktns nk onknrcm y nk nmsngtar edknra nk pcrtdgumcr, gaearnsumtcha hn grngdnktns prnagupc-gdakns par ecyarns gastas apnrctd-

vas y rnqunrdednktas hn dkvnrsd÷k(GCRNV). Gaea rnsumtcha, mc lunk-

tn usucm hn ldkckgdcednkta hn gcpdtcm hn rdnsoa ns fay euy mdedtchc, y cuk sd ldkckgdcrsn lunrc vdcjmn, mascgtucmns prngdas hn mcs cggdakns hnmcs iukdar fcråck kngnscrdc ukc nkar-en hdmugd÷k.

Wdk nejcroa, nm rngdnktn cgunr-ha susgrdta nktrn Edtsujdsfd Ectn-rdcms Garparctdak (EEG) y mc iukdar

CSE Gappnr (XWV-\9 CSE) pcrc dk-

vnrtdr nk nm prayngta Yclrckcm nsukc nxgnmnktn katdgdc pcrc kunstrapcås, y eunstrc chneãs mcs pnrs-pngtdvcs y tnkhnkgdcs cgtucmns hnmc dkhustrdc hn mc nxpmarcgd÷k edkn-rc. Rcrc mas dkvnrsdakdstcs, gcjn ns-pnrcr qun trckscggdakns sdedmcrnssn punhck vnr nk nm lutura.

Nk nm cgunrha sajrn Yclrckcm,hakhn CSE tdnkn uk dktnräs hn >2%(nm atra >2% ma tdnkn Xng`, ukc de-partcktn edknrc, gak mc gucm CSE

tdnkn uk cgunrha hn iadkt vnkturn ),mc dkvnrsd÷k sn nlngtucrã nk mc ne-prnsc pnruckc prapdntcrdc hnm pra-

yngta, nk muocr hn fcgnrsn nk mcneprnsc gckchdnksn mdstchc. Hn ns-

tc larec, nm nklaqun ns nk nm prayngta hdrngtcenktn9 EEG dkvnrtdrã^W$ ::.< edmmakns pcrc snr cggda-kdstc nk uk 82% hn mc sujsdhdcrdcpnruckc, y gak nmma tnknr ukc pcrtd-gdpcgd÷k dkhdrngtc hnm :2% nk nmprayngta. Csdedsea, EEG gae-praentn ukc dkvnrsd÷k chdgdakcm hn^W$ 3>.2? edmmakns pcrc gujrdr supcrtn nk mas gastas csagdchas nkmas nvnktucmns nstuhdas hn prn-lcg-

tdjdmdhch y lcgtdjdmdhch hnm prayngta, y CSE tdnkn cfarc rngursas pcrcfcgnr ma prapda9 cktnrdarenktn, ck-

tn rnqunrdednktas hn gcpdtcm pcrccvckzcr nm prayngta, mcs apartukdhc-hns hn CSE hn ecktnknr su pcrtd-gdpcgd÷k nrck rnhugdhcs.

Nk prdenr muocr, EEG rnprnsnk-

tc c ukc kunvc gctnoaråc hn sagdaspcrc mcs iukdar. Nk mcs cktnrdarnsgakhdgdakns hnm enrgcha, mas dkvnr-sdakdstcs pahåck snr prdkgdpcmenktnlakhas dkstdtugdakcmns qun gaklar-ecjck uk partclamda gak ardnktcgd÷kjursãtdm, c qudnkns sn suecjck dk-

vnrsdakdstcs rntcdm gaea ns nm gcsahn mc J\M, tahas nmmas nklagchasnk mcs cggdakns. Cfarc, mc prapuns-

tc nk nm prayngta ctrcn c gakomaen-rchas dkhustrdcmns (gaea EEG), catrcs neprnscs edknrcs gaksamdhc-

hcs a nenronktns (cukqun cmoukcshn nmmcs fay gak enkar ecronk hneckdajrc par mcs gakhdgdakns hnmenrgcha) y c cmoukas lakhas prdvc-has nspngdcmdzchas nk edknråc, dktn-

rnschas nk hnscrrammcr hdrngtcenktn nm prayngta, tahas nmmas gak pnrs-pngtdvcs hn mcroa pmcza y, gakagn-harns hn mas gdgmas hn mc edknråc,gak gcpcgdhch hn taecr rdnsoas.Nk nstc måknc sn nkgunktrc mc rn-gdnktn trckscggd÷k par mc edknrcGakhnstcjmn.

Nk snoukhc dkstckgdc, eãs trck-scggdakns sn vdkgumcrãk hdrngtcenk-

tn cm cgtdva. Nk nm gcsa hn CSE,pcrc mas eãs hn ^W$ 72 edmmaknsajtnkdhas, gaksdhnrckha uk prngdapar cggd÷k hn G$ 2.27, ±guãktcscggdakns sn fujdnrc rnqunrdha ned-

tdr1 Cuk sd sn fujdnrc hdsgutdha ukprneda hnm 322%, nedtdr >22 edmma-kns hn cggdakns kunvcs guckhanxdstnk 322 edmmakns nk gdrgumcgd÷k

ns nxtrnechcenktn hdmutdva. Yclrc-kcm ns uk prayngta hakhn sn fc ns- tdecha rngursas y sn fc mmnvchachnmcktn uk nstuhda ngak÷edga prn-mdedkcr (RNC) y ns lcgtdjmn hdsgutdrnm vcmar y ningutcr mc trckscggd÷khn larec hdrngtc.

Ldkcmenktn, trckscggdakns sded-mcrns tdnknk mc orck vnktcic pcrcmcs iukdar hn nmdedkcr nm tnear hnmc hnpnkhnkgdc hn gcpdtcm hn rdnsoa.Kunvas sagdas gak enkar nxpasd-

gd÷k c mc vamctdmdhch hnm sngtar edkn-ra sak mas dhncmns, puns chneãsfcgnk sastnkdjmn nm gcedka hn mcs

iukdar. Gcjn nspnrcr qun nk mcs cgtucmns gakhdgdakns hnm enrgchaeãs trckscggdakns sdedmcrns cpc-rnzgck, taha nmma nk jnknldgda hnmpcås.

Asgcr Rnza, \dgnprnsdhnktn hn Hnscrramma Garparctdva hn Hurck \nkturns.

3: Eukha Edknra Nhdgd÷k 722 - Iumda hnm :237

DK\NZWD×K HN EDXW^JDWFD NK YCLZCKCM NW KC NVGNMNKXN KAXDGDC RCZC NM RNZÙq Gaksargda icpakäs chqudrd÷ :2% hnm prayngta guprålnra vcmardzcha nk W$ 3,>22 edmmakns.q ”Knoagdcgdakns sdedmcrns pahråck rnpntdrsn nk nm pcås―, chvdnrtn Asgcr Rnza nk nstn crtåguma.




Nk snsd÷k hn Hdrngtarda gnmnjrchc nm håc :?hn iukda hn :237, hn Gaepcóåc Edknrc EdmpaW.C.C., hnsdok÷ cm Dko. \ågtar Oajdtz Gamgfcha ga-ea Onrnktn Onknrcm hn mc neprnsc. Chneãs, sn

dklare÷ qun hnspuäs hn sndsensns gaea Onrnktn Onknrcm Dk- tnrdka, nm Dko. Odmecr Gcdxntc rn- tarkc c su gcroa gaea OnrnktnGarparctdva hn Apnrcgdakns.

\ågtar Oajdtz ns dkonkdnra hnedkcs orchucha hn mc Raktdldgdc^kdvnrsdhch Gct÷mdgc hnm Rnrù ygunktc gak cepmdc nxpnrdnkgdc nknm sngtar edknra nk gcroas hncmtc hdrnggd÷k. Wn fc hnsnepn-ócha, nktrn atras, gaea Hdrng- tar hn Apnrcgdakns hn mc neprn-sc Zda Cmta Edkdko, Onrnktn On-knrcm nk Neprnsc Chedkdstrcha-rc Gfukocr. Csdedsea, sn hn-snepnó÷ gaea Wujonrnktn On-knrcm y Onrnktn Gnktrcm hn Apn-rcgdakns hn \amgãk Gaepcóåc Ed-knrc y Onrnktn Onknrcm hn Gcs- travdrrnykc Gaepcóåc Edknrc.

Mc neprnsc dkhdg÷ qun mc dk-garparcgd÷k hn \ågtar Oajdtz csn-ourc mc gaktdkudhch hn mc onstd÷k neprnscrdcm qun sn fc vnkd-ha hnscrrammckha nk Edmpa.

NERZNWC ZNGAKAGDHC

Nm ens hn iumda ns uk ens hnkatdgdcs nk Edmpa. C mc hnsdokc-gd÷k hnm kunva onrnktn onknrcm,sn suec nm rngakagdednkta qunrngdjd÷ par sus junkcs prãgtdgcs

neprnscrdcmns. Cså, par snxta cóagaksngutdva, mc Jamsc hn \cmarnshn Mdec rngakagd÷ c GaepcóåcEdknrc Edmpa hnktra hn su Åkhd-gn hn Junk Oajdnrka Garparctd- va (DJOG), pcrc nm pnråaha :237- :238.

”Hnshn nm :226 dktnorceasmc gcrtnrc hnm Åkhdgn hn Junk Oa-jdnrka Garparctdva y nmma ns ukcorck sctdslcggd÷k parqun hn-eunstrc qun nk Edmpa ecktnkn-eas ukc junkc onstd÷k neprn-scrdcm. Dkhuhcjmnenktn nm DJOGns uk rngakagdednkta qun lartc-mngn kunstrc rnputcgd÷k garpa-rctdvc, puns rnlmnic mc snrdnhch,rnspakscjdmdhch y trckspcrnk-

gdc nk kunstra trcjcia y rnmcgda-kcednkta gak kunstras stc`n-famhnrs―, snócm÷ Dva gavdgf, Rrn-sdhnktn hnm Hdrngtarda hn Edmpa.

Iasä Gfungc, Hdrngtar hn Edmpa0 Lrckgds Wtnkkdko, Onrnktn Onknrcm hn mc Jamsc hn \cmarns hn Mdec0 Dva ^gavdgf, Rrnsdhnktn hnm Hdrngtarda hn Edmpa, Ecocmy Jcr- hcmns, Onrnktn Mnocm, Rnrsda Earcssuttd, Onrnktn Garparctdva hn Ldkckzcs y Nu- onkda Lnrrcrd, Onrnktn Garparctdva hn Nxpmarcgdakns y Zngursas Edknras, hurcktn mc prnedcgd÷k c Edmpa.

Dko. \ågtar Oajdtz Gamgfcha, kunva Onrnk-tn Onknrcm hn Edmpa.

\ågtar Oajdtz csued÷ mcOnrnkgdc Onknrcm hn Edmpa

Nxpnrdenktcha dkonkdnra hn edkcs vnkåc hnsnepnóckha nm gcroa hnOnrnktn Onknrcm nk Zda Cmta Edkdko. Rar atra mcha, mc neprnsc rngdjd÷mc hdstdkgd÷k cm Junk Oajdnrka Garparctdva par snxta cóa gaksngutdva.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mundo-minero-edicion-300-julio-agosto-2013 16/483< Eukha Edknra Nhdgd÷k 722 - Iumda hnm :237

Mc Wagdnhch Onam÷odgc hnm Rn-

rù (WOR) rdkhd÷ enrngdha faen-kcin cm Hagtar Hakcmh Kajmn, rn-gakagdha pralnsdakcm hn mc onama-oåc, y faejrn departcktn hnmeukha cgchäedga. Gak mc nktrn-oc hn uk pmcta rngarhctarda y ukcenhcmmc hn fakar, sn dktnktc rnga-kagnr nm trcjcia hn eãs hn >2cóas qun nstn pralnsdakcm hn prd-enr kdvnm hnhdg÷ c mc dkvnstdocgd÷k

y cm hnsgujrdednkta hn hdvnrsas ycgdednktas.

Mc gnrneakdc, qun sn rncmdz÷nm pcscha edärgamns 32 hn iumda,nstuva prnsdhdhc par nm Rrnsdhnk-

tn hnm Gaksnia Hdrngtdva hn mcWOR, Dko, Iasä Crgn, y hn has hnsus eãs nktrcócjmns hdsgåpumas

y cedoas, mas dkonkdnras Gäscr \dhcm Gajdck y Hcrmdko Eakta-yc

Crckhc.Mc rnmcgd÷k hn Hakcmh Kajmn

gak nm Rnrù sn rneaktc 8: cóasctrãs. Mmno÷ nk 34?3 iukta gaksu gamnoc nm tcejdäk Hagtar m-rdgf Rntnrsnk, gak mc ldkcmdhch hn

trcjcicr gaea gaksumtar nk vum-gckamaoåc y onagrakamaoåc nk mc

vntc rngupnrchc hn mc edkc Fuc-gfagammpc, prapdnhch hn Gåc. hnEdkcs Junkcvnkturc.

Hnshn qun nepnz÷ c trcjcicr

nk kunstra pcås, nm Hr. Kajmn tu-

va ukc hnstcgchc n departcktnmcjar nk trns departcktns hnsgu-jrdednktas onam÷odgas. Nk prd-enr muocr, nm hn mc vntc Gcmnrcnk Argapcepc. Munoa lun edne-jra hnm nqudpa hnsgujrdhar hnmc vntc Xrns Znyns hn Crgctc,

iukta gak Fuoa Gckhdattd y \ågtarZcùm Nyzcoudrrn. Chneãs, gak sugamnoc y hdsgåpuma Hcrmdko Eak-

tayc fcmmcrak y praeavdnrak nmgakagdednkta hn mc lrckic curåln-rc hn ragcs snhdenktcrdcs hnmkartn hnm Rnrù.

\DHC HN EÄZDXAW

Hakcmh Kajmn kcgd÷ nk mcgduhch hn Knw Tar` nm cóa 347?.Zncmdz÷ nstuhdas nk mc ^kdvnrsd-hch hn Garknmm, hn mc qun sn orc-

hu÷ nk 34>6. Guctra cóaseãs tcrhn, gaepmnt÷ uk hagta-rcha nk mc ^kdvnrsdhch hn Wtckh-larh.

Wu prdenrc nxpnrdnkgdc mcja-rcm mc rncmdz÷ nk nm Wnrvdgda Ona-m÷odga hn mas Nstchas ^kdhas(^WOW, par sus sdomcs nk dkomäs).Munoa, nk 34<< dkorns÷ c ukccgtdvdhch qun ma cgaepcócråc ta-hc mc vdhc9 mc nksnóckzc. Cså, hnju-

t÷ gaea pralnsar nk mc ^kdvnrsd-hch hn Fcrvcrh par nm cóa 34<<.

Fc sdha tcejdäk pralnsar nknm Dkstdtuta hn Xngkamaoåc hn Ed-gfdock, y nk mc kdvnrsdhch hn Kn-

vchc nk Znka, hn mc qun cgtucm-enktn astnktc nm orcha hn Rraln-sar Neärdta.

Fc hnhdgcha tdnepa departcktn c mcjarns hn gaksumtaråcnk hdvnrscs gaepcóåcs. Hnstc-gck, nk nsn snktdha, sus cpar-

tns c neprnscs gaea Fagfs-gfdmh, Junkcvnkturc y Gnktra-edk.

WAGDNHCH ONAM×ODGC HDWXDKO^D× MC XZCTNGXAZDCRZALNWDAKCM HNM HZ. HAKCMH KAJMN

Cedoas y gamnocs, rnprnsnktchas par mas Dko. Gäscr \dhcm y Hcrmdko Eaktayc, rdkhdnrak faenkcin c uk pralnsdakcmdktcgfcjmn y hn prdenr kdvnm. Hakcmh Kajmn mmno÷ cm Rnrù fcgn 8: cóas pcrc trcjcicr nk Gåc. hn Edkcs Junkcvnkturc.Lun ednejra y prapumsar hn departcktns hnsgujrdednktas onam÷odgas gaea lunrak mc vntc Gcmnrc y Xrns Znyns, csågaea mc dkvnstdocgd÷k hn mc lrckic curålnrc hn ragcs snhdenktcrdcs hnm kartn hnm pcås.

Gamnocs y cedoas. Dko. Hcrmdko Eaktayc, Hr. Hakcmh Kajmn, orck cocscicha hn mc kagfn0 Dko. Iasä Crgn0 y nm Dko. Gäscr \dhcm Gajdãk, hurcktn mc gnrneakdc hn rngakagdednkta.

Has pnsas pnschas hn mc onamaoåc. Hak Cmjnrta Jnkcvdhns hn mc Sudktckc y nHr. Hakcmh Kajmn. Nm pctrdcrgc hn mcedknråc pnruckc sastuva qun nm prnedaqun rngdjd÷ ”Hak―, gaea mn hdgnk suscedoas, ns eãs qun enrngdha.

Mc lcedmdc cgaepcó÷ hn gnrgcnm faenkcin qun mc WOR, ataro÷cm Hr. Kajmn. Mmno÷ fcgn 8: cóascm Rnrù y ka sama sn nkcear÷hn kunstra pcås, sdka tcejdäkhn ukc pnruckc.

¬




Nxdstn uk häldgdt hn pnr-sakcm tägkdga gcpcgdtcha nkmcs ãrncs hn mc dkhustrdc y

edknråc, gcrrnrcs qun rn-qudnrnk hn uk ecyar ecknia tngkam÷odga, y nstc sdtuc-gd÷k ns eãs prnagupcktn nkpravdkgdcs, sastuva mc inlchn Nstuhdas Ngak÷edgas hnmc gaksumtarc Rranxpcksd÷k,@ctdc Wceckceuh.

Nk gaksngunkgdc, mas täg-kdgas nornschas hn mcs gc-rrnrcs hn nhugcgd÷k supn-rdar rnmcgdakchcs c nstassngtarns punhnk ockcr hns-hn :,222 h÷mcrns enksuc-mns hnjdha c qun lcmtck trc-jcicharns gak nstcs nspn-gdcmdhchns nk nm enrgcha,snócm÷.

”Nk nm ãejdta hn mc ec-kulcgturc y tahas mas sngtarns ardnktchas c mc nx-partcgd÷k fcy jcstcktn rn-qunrdednkta hn ecka hnajrc eãs gcpcgdtchc y, sdmcs neprnscs nkgunktrckpnrsakcm euy jdnk prnpc-rcha, pcock hnshn :,222h÷mcrns c eãs―, hngmcr÷ cmc conkgdc Ckhdkc.

Nxpmdg÷ qun cktn mc lcmtchn alnrtc hn tägkdgas nspn-

Häldgdt hn pralnsdakcmns tägkdgas nk dkhustrdc y edknråcajmdoc c neprnscs c rneuknrcr eniar

Rralnsdakcmns nspngdcmdzchas nk nstas sngtarns punhnk pnrgdjdr hnshn :,222 h÷mcrns enksucmns c eãs cktn cusnkgdc hntägkdgas nspngdcmdstcs. Gaksumtarc Rranxpcksd÷k chvdnrtn qun sdtucgd÷k pahråc mmnvcr c departcr pralnsdakcmns hn mc rnod÷k.

gdcmdzchas nk nsas sngta-rns, mcs neprnscs nstãk hds-punstcs c pcocr eniarns rn-

euknrcgdakns qun c atras tägkdgas rnmcgdakchas c massngtarns snrvdgdas y gaenr-gda, vdkgumchas c mcs gcrrn-rcs hn chedkdstrcgd÷k, sn-grntcrdcha n dklareãtdgc.

ZNODAKNW HDWÅEDMNW

Dkhdg÷ qun nm häldgdt hn ec-ka hn ajrc gcmdldgchc sn gak-gnktrc ecyarenktn nk pravdkgdcs, nspngdcmenktn nk rn-odakns edknrcs y gak patnk-gdcm dkhustrdcm gaea Gusga,Cycgugfa y Gcicecrgc, nktrn atrcs.

Nk gaktrcstn, hdia qun cm-oukcs rnodakns hn mc gastc

kartn gaea Mc Mdjnrtch, gakorck patnkgdcm nk nm ãejdtahn mc coradkhustrdc, gunktck gak dkstdtugdakns nhugc- tdvcs, gaea nm Wnrvdgda Kc-gdakcm hn Chdnstrcednkta nkXrcjcia Dkhustrdcm (Wnkctd),ardnktchcs c larecr tägkd-gas nldgdnktns.

Znldrd÷ qun nxdstn ukc orckhneckhc hn pnrsakcm tägkd-ga gcpcgdtcha nk ecknia hnecqudkcrdcs, samhchurcs y

nqudpas hn cmtc tngkamaoåcnk nm ãejdta edknra n dkhustrdcm.

±DERAZXCZRZALNWDAKCMNW1

Chvdrtd÷ qun sd ka sn maorcgujrdr nm enkgdakcha häldgdt nhugctdva, mcs neprnscs cgarta y enhdcka pmcza vck cgujrdr mcs pmczcs mcjarcmnsgak tägkdgas hn atras pcå-sns.

”Mcs neprnscs punhnkcpastcr par trcnr tägkdgashn pcåsns vngdkas gaea Gfd-mn y Gamaejdc, qun tdnknkjcstcktn pnrsakcm nspngdc-mdzcha, n dkgmusdvn par nstn

tnec hn mc grdsds nxtnrkc,punhnk trcnr tägkdgas hnNurapc―.

Wceckceuh gaksdhnr÷qun pcrc rnhugdr mc nsgcsnzhn ecka hn ajrc gcmdldgchcgak edrcs c aptdedzcr nm hnsc-

Häldgdt hn ecka hn ajrc gcmdldgchcsn gakgnktrc ecyarenktn nk pravdkgdcs,nspngdcmenktn nkrnodakns edknrcsy gak patnkgdcm dkhustrdcm gaea Gusga, Cycgugfa y Gcicecrgc,nktrn atrcs.

rramma prahugtdva, mas dkstdtu tas hn larecgd÷k tägkdgc hnjnk cpastcr par ukc nhugcgd÷k hucm, qun gaejdkn nm gakagdednkta tn÷rdga gak mcsprãgtdgcs qun hneckhc nspngdcmdzcgd÷k nk mcs neprnscs

”Nm prajmnec ka ns nm kùenra hn dkstdtutas, sdka sugcmdhch, cmoukas nstãk paga nqudpchas nk dklrcnstrug

turc y gak häldgdt hn ùmtdec tngkamaoåc―, cgat÷.



Lnrrnygarp rngdjd÷ par gucrtacóa mc ”Mmcvn hn mc J\M―, hdstdkgd÷khn mc Jamsc hn \cmarns qun mc rnga-kagn gaea mc ldrec nedsarc gakeniarns prãgtdgcs hn oajdnrka gar-parctdva nk nm Rnrù. Nm ocmcrh÷k,gakgnhdha par guepmdr åktnorcenk-

tn gak mas Rrdkgdpdas hn Junk Oa-jdnrka Garparctdva, gaksdhnrckhachneãs mc mdqudhnz hn mc cggd÷k, lunatarocha c Lnrrnygarp nk mas cóas:237, :23:, :233 y :226.

”Zngdjdr mc ‖Mmcvn hn mc J\M— kasgaepraentn y nstdeumc c snoudrgrnckha vcmar pcrc kunstras eãshn 7,222 cggdakdstcs. Nk mas >2cóas qun pcrtdgdpceas nk mc Jamscfneas oudcha kunstrc gakhuggd÷khnm knoagda gak prdkgdpdas gaeasnrdnhch, nqudhch y trckspcrnk-gdc, y pnrlnggdakcha kunstrcs prãg- tdgcs hn junk oajdnrka. Ns uk gårgu-ma vdrtuasa, parqun hdgfcs prãgtd-gcs alrngnk gakldckzc c mas dkvnr-sdakdstcs, qudnkns rngdjnk mas lru- tas hn ukc onstd÷k nldgdnktn y trckspcrnktn, y c mc vnz kas pnredtnk depumscr kunstra grngdednkta―,

hnstcg÷ Ecrdnmc Ocrgåc hn Lcjjrd,Onrnktn Onknrcm hn Lnrrnygarp.Nm gaepraedsa hn Lnrrnygarp

gak nm junk oajdnrka sn nxprnsc nkprãgtdgcs gaea nm rnspnta c mas hn-rngfas hn sus cggdakdstcs, dkgmuynk-ha nm nstcjmngdednkta hn ukc pamåtd-gc hn hdvdhnkhas y pragnhdednktasgchc vnz eãs nldgdnktns nk mc gak-huggd÷k hn mc iuktc onknrcm hn cg-gdakdstcs0 nm trcta nqudtctdva c ta-has mas cggdakdstcs0 gmcrcs pamåtdgcs y lukgdakns hnm Hdrngtarda, qun dk-gmuynk snsdakns enksucmns pcrc nm

hdrngtarda nk pmnka y trdenstrcmns

pcrc sus trns gaedtäs y mc pcrtdgd-pcgd÷k hn uk cmta kùenra hn hdrng- tarns dkhnpnkhdnktns0 cså gaea mcgakstcktn prnagupcgd÷k par mc prn-snktcgd÷k apartukc y rnmnvcktn hndklarecgd÷k, cgaepcóchc hn gckc-mns hn gaeukdgcgd÷k cjdnrtas nktrn mc onrnkgdc y mas cggdakdstcs ndkvnrsdakdstcs, tahas nstas cspngtas nstãk pnrecknktnenktn suin- tas c eniarc.

Mc Mmcvn hn mc J\M lun atarochcc Lnrrnygarp trcs uk gaepmnta pra-gnsa hn vcmdhcgd÷k, rncmdzcha par ukc

neprnsc gaksumtarc gcmdldgchc par

mc J\M, rnspngta c mc cutanvcmucgd÷krncmdzchc par mc garparcgd÷k sajrnsus prãgtdgcs hn junk oajdnrka gar-parctdva hurcktn :23:. Hdgfc vcmdhc-gd÷k gakstct÷ qun guepmd÷ cm 322%gak mas prdkgdpdas nk nstn gcepa.

Csdedsea, nk sdeumtãkna gak nmckukgda hnm prneda, mc cggd÷k hnLnrrnygarp lun dkgmudhc kunvcenktn nk nm Åkhdgn hn Junk OajdnrkaGarparctdva (DJOG) hn mc Jamsc, ga-ea ma vdnkn fcgdnkha gchc cóa hns-hn mc grncgd÷k hnm edsea.

Mc mcjar hn Lnrrnygarp vdnkn sdnk-

ha rngakagdhc nk nm Rnrù y nm nxtrck-

inra. Nm cóa pcscha, gak nm trchdgda-kcm Gcepckcza, mc J\M gakenear÷nm >2² ckdvnrscrda hn mc garparcgd÷knk nm enrgcha jursãtdm. Nk nm nxtn-rdar, Lnrrnygarp ajtuva nk :23: nmprneda _armh Ldkckgn cm Eniar Oa-jdnrka Garparctdva nk Rnrù, par sn-oukhc vnz, y nm Rrneda MdrC (MctdkCenrdgc—s Dkvnstar Znmctdaks Cwcrhs),hnm Dkstdtutn lar Garparctn Oavnr-kckgn & Wtrctnoy. Csdedsea, pcrtd-gdp÷ gaea ednejra hnm GaepckdnsGdrgmn, dktnorcha par :2 neprnscshn mc rnod÷k måhnrns nk nm gcepa

hnm oajdnrka garparctdva.

Gak eãs hn 7,222 cggdakdstcs tckta hnm Rnrù gaea hnm nxtrckinraLnrrnygarp tdnkn ukc cepmdc trcyng tardc nk nm enrgcha hn gcpdtcmnsgak mc dksgrdpgd÷k hn su cggd÷k nkmc Jamsc hn \cmarns hn Mdec nk mchägchc hn 34<2 y, pastnrdarenk tn, hnshn mc hägchc hn 3442, gakmc gamagcgd÷k hn sugnsdvcs nedsdakns hn jakas garparctdvas y pcpnmns gaenrgdcmns. Nktrn nmmcs hnstcgc mc gamagcgd÷k hn jakas dktnrkcgdakcmns par ^W$ 722 edmmakns, rncmdzchc nk cjrdm pcscha.

Lnrrnygarp rngdjn par gucrta cóa ”Mmcvn hn mc J\M― par eniar Oajdnrka Garparctdvaq Hdstdkgd÷k hn mc Jamsc hn \cmarns rngakagn c Lnrrnygarp gaea mc ldrec nedsarc gak eniar oajdnrka garparctdva

nk Rnrù, gaksdhnrckha chneãs mc mdqudhnz hn su cggd÷kq Rrneda atarocha c Lnrrnygarp nk mas cóas :226-:237 ns gakgnhdha trcs uk gaepmnta pragnsa hn vcmdhcgd÷k .

Lrckgds Wtnkkdko y Gfrdstdck Mcuj, Onrnktn Onknrcm y Rrnsdhnktn hn mc J\M,rnspngtdvcenktn0 Ecrdnmc Ocrgåc hn Lcjjrd, Onrnktn Onknrcm hn Lnrrnygarp0Mdmdck Zaggc, Wupnrdktnkhnktn hnm Enrgcha hn \cmarns0 Mdmdckc Eaktcmva, Onrnktn hn Xnsarnråc hn Lnrrnyras0 Rctrdgdc Ocstnmuenkhd, Onrnktn Gnktrcm hn Chedkds- trcgd÷k y Ldkckzcs0 y Nmdzcjntf Xcecya, ningutdvc hn Znmcgdakns gak Dkvnrsdakdstcs.

Mdmdckc Eaktcmva, Onrnktn hn Xnsarnråc hn Lnrrnyras0 Rctrdgdc OcstnmuenkhdOnrnktn Gnktrcm hn Chedkdstrcgd÷k y Ldkckzcs0 Nmdzcjntf Xcecya, ningutdvc hnZnmcgdakns gak Dkvnrsdakdstcs0 Ecrdnmc Ocrgåc hn Lcjjrd, Onrnktn Onknrcm hnLnrrnygarp0 Cuoustc Rakgn, Ningutdvc hn \cmarns0 y Lrckgds Wtnkkdko, OnrnktnOnknrcm hn mc J\M.

:2 Eukha Edknra Nhdgd÷k 722 - Iumda hnm :237



:: Eukha Edknra Nhdgd÷k 722 - Iumda hnm :237

Nm Edkdstnrda hn Nknroåc y Edkcs y nm Dkstdtuta hn Dk-onkdnras hn Edkcs hnm Rnrùsusgrdjdnrak uk gakvnkda hn

gaapnrcgd÷k dkstdtugdakcm y tägkdgc, qun pnredtdrã pra-eavnr nm gakagdednkta sa-jrn mcs cgtdvdhchns edknrcsgak dkgmusd÷k sagdcm y sus jn-knldgdas c trcväs hn praorc-ecs hn gcpcgdtcgd÷k nk hd-lnrnktns zakcs hnm pcås.

Wn trctc hn ukc gcpcgdtc-gd÷k nspngdcmdzchc, nk vdrtuhhnm rnlnrdha gakvnkda, hdrdod-ha c mas oajdnrkas rnodakc-mns, oajdnrkas magcmns, ga-eukdhchns gcepnsdkcs y,nk onknrcm, c mcs pajmcgda-kns cmnhcócs c mcs zakcs hncgtdvdhch edknrc.

Gak nmma sn jusgc onkn-rcr gakgdnkgdc nk mc pajmc-gd÷k rnspngta cm depcgtapasdtdva hn mcs cgtdvdhchnsnxtrcgtdvcs gak rnspnta cmenhda cejdnktn y mcs apar- tukdhchns hn hnscrramma sastnkdjmn qun rnprnsnktck pc-rc sus gaeukdhchns.

Cm rnspngta, nm edkdstrahn Nknroåc y Edkcs, IaronEnrdka Xclur, hdia qun nmgakvnkda pnredtdrã c cejcs

dkstdtugdakns trcjcicr gak- iuktcenktn prapdgdckha pra-orcecs hn gcpcgdtcgd÷k ns-pngdcmenktn nk zakcs hn cg-

tdvdhch edknrc, hakhn mcs ga-eukdhchns gcepnsdkcs rn-qudnrnk gaeukdgcgd÷k, dklar-ecgd÷k y ardnktcgd÷k apartukc.

”Fcy qun onknrcr gak-gdnkgdc hn qun nm pcås kngn-sdtc mc edknråc parqun gaktrdjuyn cm hnscrramma kcgda-kcm, gak gcsd nm 72% hngaktrdjugd÷k cm RJD. Nk maspr÷xdeas cóas snoudrã grn-gdnkha nstc cgtdvdhch, magucm nxdon praeavnr uk gmd-ec ctrcgtdva pcrc mcs dkvnrsdakns―, sujrcy÷ trcssusgrdjdr nm enkgdakcha gakvnkda nk mc snhn hnm Dkstdtu- ta hn Dkonkdnras hnm Rnrù(DDER), nk Mc Eamdkc.

Rar su pcrtn, nm Rrnsdhnk- tn hnm DDER, Z÷euma Eugfa,hdia qun gak mc susgrdpgd÷khnm gdtcha gakvnkda, su dkstdtugd÷k dkdgdc ukc kunvc ntc-pc qun hneckhcrã uk de-partcktn trcjcia pcrc pra-eavnr mc edknråc rnspaksc-jmn nk nm pcås.

Corno÷ qun nm cgunrha

Dkstdtuta hn Dkonkdnras hn Edkcs hnm Rnrù y Edkdstnrda hn Nknroåc y Edkcstrcjcicrãk iuktas pcrc fcgnr mmnocr mas jnknldgdas hn mc edknråc rnspakscjmn

Ldrecrak gakvnkda qun jusgcrã grncr gakgdnkgdc rnspngta hnm depcgta y mcs pasdjdmdhchns qun ataroc mc dkhustrdc.Dklarecgd÷k, gaeukdgcgd÷k y gcpcgdtcgd÷k ka lcmtcrãk nk zakcs hn dklmunkgdc edknrc.

pnredtdrã lartcmngnr mas våk-gumas gak nm ENE nk tnecshn gcpcgdtcgd÷k, nktrnkc-ednkta, pcscktåcs y onknrc-gd÷k hn gakagdednktas y pu-jmdgcgdakns, pcrc cmgckzcr

ukc edknråc sastnkdjmn nknm tdnepa.

Nm cgunrha hn gaapnrcgd÷k-guyc vdonkgdc ns hn hascóas- hdspakn chneãs gach-

Hr. Garjy Ckhnrsak hnm Gamarcha Wgfaam al Edkns0 Iaron Enrdka Xclur, Edkdstra hn Nknroåc y Edkcs0 DkoZ÷euma Eugfa, Rrnsdhnktn hnm Dkstdtuta hn Dkonkdnras hn Edkcs hnm Rnrù0 Fnrkãk Jcrrnta, Hdrngtar hnDDER, hurcktn mc gnrneakdc hn susgrdpgd÷k hnm gakvnkda.

yuvcr nk mc dkvnstdocgd÷k edknrc y laenktcr vdsdtcs hnnstuhda n dktnrgcejda hn nxpnrtas n dkvnstdocharns nkectnrdc edknra- entcmùrodgcnktrn cejcs dkstdtugdakns



AXZCW DK\NZWDAKNW GFDKCW NK NM RNZÙ


:7 Eukha Edknra

fnmm Mujrdgcktns, c trc-hn sus hdstrdjudharns ald-ns nk Rnrù, Knxa Mujrd-tns y Mujgae, prnsnk-k Nxpa Crgak :237 su

s rngdnktn partclamda hnhugtas hdsnóchas pcrcslcgnr mas rnqunrdednk-hn dkhustrdcs departck-gaea sak edknråc y gaks-gd÷k.

kc vnz eãs, nm måhnr euk-nk nm enrgcha hn mujrd-tns, sarprnkhd÷ gak ma ùm-

a nk prahugtas hn cmtckamaoåc y hnsnepnóa lar-chas pcrc sapartcr apn-akns nk mcs gakhdgdaknss snvnrcs.

KNVA CWRDZC C GZNGNZ 32%

asä Cktakda Ocmh÷s, On-tn Onknrcm hn Knxa Mu-cktns, Ecgra Hdstrdjud-hn Mujrdgcktns Wfnmm nk

Rnrù, rncldre÷ qun ukaas snoenktas nk maseãs fck punsta su ed-s nm sngtar edknra, hnjd-

c su departckgdc nk mckaeåc kcgdakcm. Corno÷sn vdkgumc gak vcrdcs dk-

trdcs, gaea ns mc hn gaks-gd÷k.

nspngta hn mc pcrtdgdpc- hn Knxa nk nm enrgchaakcm, Ocmh÷s dkhdg÷ ”sa-

s kùenra uka nk nm enr-a kcgdakcm, gak ukc pcr-pcgd÷k hnm 7>%―. Chn-s, rnvnm÷ qun nstn cóaeprnsc nspnrc cmgck-uk grngdednkta hnm 32%.tceas snouras qun ma vc-s c maorcr. Nstn prdenr sn-strn hnm cóa fc sdha euyka, sajrn taha, nk mc pcr-

khustrdcm―, eckdlnst÷.orno÷ qun ”par eãssn fcjmn hn ukc gak-

Wfnmm Mujrdgcktns tuvanstcgchc pcrtdgdpcgd÷knk nm Nxpa Crgak :237ukta c sus rnprnsnktcktns aldgdcmns nk nm pcås,nxa Mujrdgcktns y Mujgae, prnsnkt÷ su eãsgdnktn partclamda hn prahugtas. Neprnscs

astuvdnrak qun sus prahugtas sak hn gcmdhchnedue y hn tcmmc eukhdcm. Gaksdhnrck cm sng-r edknra gaea hnstdka gmcvn hn sus nslunrzas.

trcggd÷k hn mc ngakaeåc, vdkgumchas c prayngtas dk-hustrdcmns, nk Knxa fneasecknicha nsc sdtucgd÷k hnecknrc garrngtc. Rar nmma,gaktceas gak eugfc nx-pngtctdvc pcrc nm snoukhasnenstrn―.

Znspngta hn ukc pasdjmncmzc hnm prngda hnm pntr÷mna,hnjdha c prajmnecs dktnrkc-

gdakcmns gaea mas sugnhd-has nk Nodpta, Ocmh÷s cldr-e÷ qun ”tahas nsas tdpashn grdsds c kdvnm eukhdcm fcyqun nstcr edrãkhamas hngnrgc. Nm depcgta hn nmmasnk mc ngakaeåc y mas knoa-gdas, ns cmoa qun hnjn ta-ecrsn gak gcmec. ^ka kascjn ma qun vc pcscr nk nmenrgcha hn gruha dktnrkc-gdakcm parqun ns euy lmug-

tucktn―.

Nm hdrngtdva tcejdäk cpra- vngf÷ mc apartukdhch pcrcchnmcktcr qun yc tdnknk ta-ha prnpcrcha pcrc su pcrtd-gdpcgd÷k nk nm pr÷xdea Rn-

ruedk, nk sntdnejrn. ”Nstc-eas mdstas pcrc Crnqudpc.Xnkhrneas uk stckh jcs-

tcktn dktnrnscktn. Alrngn-rneas ukc gaklnrnkgdc ga-ea tahas mas cóas, hakhnnspnrceas gaktcr mcs ka-

vnhchns y mcs ùmtdecs tnk-hnkgdcs hn mas mujrdgcktnsc kdvnm eukhdcm―.

M^JGAE WNGAKWAMDHC

Rar su pcrtn, HaeäkdgaMcscpakcrc, Onrnktn Onkn-rcm hn Mujgae, neprnsc ns-pngdcmdstc nk mujrdgcgd÷k y hds-

trdjudhar nxgmusdva hn Wfnmm

nk nm sngtar dkhustrdcm, nm partclamda qun sn prnsnkt÷ nshn ”gcmdhch prnedue y cmtc

tngkamaoåc―.

Hdrngtdvas y ningutdvas hn Knxa Mujrdgcktns

y hn Mujgae iuktas nk nm stckh hn Wfnmm, uka hn mas eãs vdsdtchas nk nm Nxpa Crgak :237. Wfnmm tdnkn nm 38% hn mc pcrtdgdpcgd÷k eukhdcm nk nm enrgcha hn mujrdgcktns.

Gadkgdhd÷ nk qun nstasprahugtas nstãk prnpcrc-has pcrc mcs eãs cmtcs nxd-onkgdcs, jãsdgcenktn mcsqun sn nkgunktrck nk sng-

tarns gaea mc gakstrug-gd÷k y mc edknråc.

”Ma prdkgdpcm hn nstn

partclamda ns qun ns omajcm.Mc tngkamaoåc y mas nstãk-hcrns hn gcmdhch gak masgucmns fck sdha lareumc-has y lcjrdgchas, mas mujrd-

gcktns, sak hn kdvnm euk-hdcm―, cóchd÷ Mcscpakcrc.

Rar atra mcha, dklare÷

qun Mujgae sn gaksamdhcgaea nm prdkgdpcm gckcm hnhdstrdjugd÷k hn mujrdgcktnsdkhustrdcmns nk nm Rnrù. Nmcóa pcscha nxpnrdenkt÷ uk

grngdednkta hnm :8%. Csd-edsea, nm hdrngtdva sastuvaqun pcrc nstn cóa nspnrckgrngnr enkas hnm :2%.

Xahas nsas tdpas hn grdsds c kdvnm euk- dcm fcy qun nstcr edrãkhamcs hn gnrgc.m depcgta hn nmmas nk mc ngakaeåc y mas noagdas, ns cmoa qun hnjn taecrsn gak cmec. ka ka scjn ma qun vc pcscr nk nm

enrgcha hn gruha dktnrkcgdakcm parqun s euy lmugtucktn―. Iasä Cktakda Ocmh÷s,

Onrnktn Onknrcm hn Knxa Mujrdgcktns, rns- ngta hn uk pasdjmn nsgnkcrda hn cmzc hnm rngda hnm pntr÷mna c rcåz hn mc grdsds pa-

åtdgc nk Nodpta y su depcgta sajrn nm trãk- dta hnm fdhragcrjura par nm gckcm hn Wunz.



Gak ukc rnukd÷k hn gc-ecrchnråc y qun gakorno÷c hnstcgchas faejrns hnmc orck lcedmdc edknrc pn-ruckc, nm Gcpåtuma hn Dkon-kdnråc hn Edkcs hnm Gaksnia

Hnpcrtcenktcm (GH) hn Md-ec gnmnjr÷ sus Jahcs hnAra.

Nm pcscha 38 hn iukda, ukcmeunrza jcdmcjmn, nk uk ga-kagdha rnstcurcktn hn mc gc-pdtcm, lun mc agcsd÷k pnrlng- tc pcrc qun sn rnùkck pra-lnsdakcmns y cedoas hn tahcmc vdhc, qudnkns hnicrak paruk eaenkta mcs prnagupc-gdakns hn sus hdstdktcs rns-pakscjdmdhchns, pcrc jrdk-hcr iuktas par mc dkstdtugd÷kqun vnmc par nmmas.

Sudnk ka sn gcks÷ hn scmu-hcr c mas csdstnktns y hn gak-

vnrscr gak nmmas lun nm Rrn-sdhnktn hnm Gcpåtuma hn Ed-kcs, Dko. Asgcr \cmnra Mn÷k,qudnk vdsdjmnenktn neagda-kcha rncldre÷ qun ukc hnsus orckhns entcs ns lartcmngnr nm gcpåtuma y gaktrd-judr hnshn nm Gamnoda hn Dk-onkdnras nk fcgnr hn kunstrc edknråc ukc cgtdvdhch sa-gdcmenktn rnspakscjmn.

Gcpåtuma hn Edkcs gnmnjr÷ c ma orckhn su cGnrneakdc sdrvd÷ tcejdäk pcrc rnkhdr faenkcin c pnrsakcmdhchn

cså gaea c dkonkdnras qun lunrak hnsdokchas vdtcmdgda

^k eaenkta departcktnhn mc rnukd÷k lun sdk huhcnm faenkcin qun sn rdkhd÷ chdstdktcs pnrsakcmdhchns hnmsngtar. Nm Gcpåtuma hn Edkcs tuva c jdnk hdstdkoudr c masdkonkdnras GDR9 Cmjnrta Nk-gdkcs Lnrkãkhnz (Fakar c

mc Dkonkdnråc), Oudha hnmGcstdmma (Neprnscrda Edkn- ra), Edounm Gcrrdzcmns Cr-jn (Xrcyngtardc Rralnsda- kcm), Ckhrä Ocutfdnr (Rra- eatar Edknra) y c mc Gåc.hn Edkcs Junkcvnkturc(Neprnsc Hnstcgchc).

Mc gnrneakdc tcejdäksdrvd÷ pcrc rnkhdr faen-kcin c mas dkonkdnras vdtc-mdgdas kaejrchas nm cóa:23:.

Hnshn Eukha Edknra sc-muhceas y hnsnceas qun nm

Gcpåtuma hn Edkcs sdoc guepmdnkha eãs cóas hn vdhcNktnkhneas su departckgdc gaea dkstdtugd÷k qun trcjcic pcrc qun mas dkonkdnras hn edkcs ninrzck supralnsd÷k hn ecknrc rnspakscjmn, pnredtdnkha nm hn

Nm Rrnsdhnktn y nm \dgnprnsdhnktn hnm Gcpåtuma hn Edkcs, Dko. Asgcr \cmnra n Dko. Cktakda Wceckdnoa, rnspngtdvcenktn, fcgnk nktrnoc hnm prneda ”Ne- prnsc Hnstcgchc― c Gåc. hn Edkcs Junkcvnkturc, rnprnsnktchc par has hn mas faejrns eãs departcktns hn mc edknrc, Zaqun y Zcùm Jnkcvdhns.

Ckhrä Ocutfdnr, cgtucm Rrnsdhnktn y Hdrngtar hn Mcrc Nxpmarctdak, rngdjnmc hdstdkgd÷k ”Rraeatar Edknra―.

Nm nktrcócjmn dkonkdnra Edounm Gcrrdzcmns Crjn y uk rngakagdednkta qun sn gcåc hn echura9 Rrneda ”Xrcyngtardc Rraln- sdakcm―.

Oudha hnm Gcstdmma, Rrnsdhnktn hnm Hdrngtarda hn Cruktckd, rngdjn mc gakhngarcgd÷k ”Neprnscrda Edknra―.

Dko. Fnrcgmda Zåas, nx Rrnsdhnktn hnm Gcpåtuma hn Edkcs, faenkcincha Dkonkdnra \dtcmdgda.




vnrscrdanm sngtar,

ramma sastnkdha hn mc edkn-hnm Rnrù. Hnm edsea eaha,

arceas nm ram hdlusar cm qunhnhdgc håc c håc, gak nm ajin-hn hcr c gakagnr tahas mas

knldgdas qun alrngn mc edkn-

RZNWDHNKXNW HNMGCRÅX^MA HN EDKCW

C MA MCZOA HN NWXAW>2 CÓAW

Hnstcgchas pnruckas qunstruynrak mc fdstardc hn mc ed-åc pnruckc pcscrak par mcsdhnkgdc hnm Gcpåtuma hn Ed-s.

Dko. Gäscr Zaspdomdasd (34<7- 34<>)Dko. Cktakda Xarh (34<>-34<?)Dko. Gcrmas Rcrnic (34<? -34<4)Dko. Gcrmas Mnvd (34<4-34?2)

Dko. Hcvdh Jcmm÷k (34?2-34?3)Dko. Gäscr Icden (34?3-34?:)Dko. Muds Jrdgnóa (34?7-34?>)Dko. _dmlrnha Fucdtc (34?> -34??)Dko. Lnmdpn hn Mugda (34?? -34?4)Dko. Dsccg Zåas (34?4-3463)Dko. _cmtnr Gcsqudka (3463 -3467)Dko. Eãxdea Zaenra (3467 -346>)Dko. Icden Wãkgfnz (346> -346?)Dko. Edounm Yùódoc (346? -3464)Dko. Asgcr Edrckhc (3442 -3443)Dko. Iumda Ardfunmc (344: -3447)

Dko. Ecrda Gnhr÷k (3448 -344>)Dko. Fnrcgmda Zåas (344< -344?)Dko. Oustcva Muya (3446 -3444)Dko. Icden Xuedcmãk (:222 -:223)Dko. Iuck Yutc (:22:-:227)Dko. Nhocrha Cmvc (:228 -:22>)Dko. Iaron Crhdmc (:22< -:22?)Dko. Lnrkckha Ocmc (:226 -:224)Dko. Cmjnrta Jragas (:232 -:23:)Dko. Asgcr \cmnra (:237 -:23<)


:> Eukha Edknra



Mc edknråc dklarecm tdnknmas håcs gaktchas nk mc rnod÷kMc Mdjnrtch. Xrndktc y has ed-knras crtnsckcmns hn mc pravdkgdc hn Rctcz hnicrak hn tn-knr nsc gakhdgd÷k y sn gakvdr- tdnrak nk larecmns, c trcväs

hn 7: Znsamugdakns hn Dkdgdahn Cgtdvdhchns Edknrcs qunnm Oajdnrka Znodakcm hn McMdjnrtch mns ataro÷.

Nstn maora sn hc orcgdcs cm trcjcia eumtdsngtardcm hn mccutardhch rnodakcm, Gåc. Edkn-rc Rahnrasc y hn mas edknrasmdjnrtnóas, y pnredtn c nsc rn-od÷k mdhnrcr nm pragnsa hn lar-ecmdzcgd÷k c kdvnm kcgdakcm.

Rcrc nm Dko. Iasä EurodcYckkdnr, Rrnsdhnktn Znodakcmhn Mc Mdjnrtch, mc rnod÷k kar- tnóc ns ”mc prdenrc nk gue-pmdr gak mcs karecs y larec-mdzcr c mc edknråc crtnsckcm―.Corno÷ qun ”mc pamåtdgc cm rns-

pngta ns larecmdzcr nstn sngtar puns nmma pnredtn hdsed-kudr mc gaktcedkcgd÷k ce-jdnktcm y nm trcjcia dklcktdm,cså gaea onknrcr eãs de-

Larecmdzcgd÷k edknrc sdoun cvckzckha nk Mc MdjnrtchNslunrza hn mc cutardhch rnodakcm y Edknrc Rahnrasc pnredtd÷ qun 7: edknras crtnsckcmns hnicrck hn snrma orcgdcs cmc nktrnoc hn Znsamugdakns hn Dkdgda hn Cgtdvdhchns Edknrcs. Mc gdlrc sn eumtdpmdgc c :22 sd sn tdnkn nk gunktc qun pargchc mcjar edknrc trcjcick < pnrsakcs. Chneãs, sn prnsnkt÷ nm pratagama hn gaenrgdcmdzcgd÷k hn edknråc crtnsckcm.

punstas pcrc nm hnscrrammahn mc rnod÷k y gchc pravdk-gdc―.

Nk nm nvnkta tcejdäk snpuha prnsnktcr aldgdcmenktnnm pratagama hn gaenrgdcmdzc-

gd÷k hn edknråc crtnsckcm qundepmnenktc Rahnrasc nk Rc- tcz, nm gucm ns lruta hnm trcjcia gakiukta hn mas edknras crtnsckcmns gak mc gaepcóåc ed-knrc, cpaychas par nm Oajdnr-ka Znodakcm y nm Edkdstnrda hnNknroåc y Edkcs.

Cm rnspngta, nm Dko. Ecrgn-ma Wcktdmmckc Wcmcs, OnrnktnOnknrcm hn Rahnrasc, snócm÷qun ”Rahnrasc fc nsgugfc-ha gak fuedmhch y corchngnc tahas mas edknras crtnsc-kcmns qun kas fck cyuhchac gakstrudr uk pratagama hngaenrgdcmdzcgd÷k trckspc-rnktn y iusta, uk pratagamaqun ctdnkhn tahcs sus kngn-

sdhchns y prnagupcgdakns.Nstn pratagama fc sdha aldgdc-mdzcha par nm Oajdnrka Znoda-kcm hn mc Mdjnrtch y par nmmakas snktdeas aroummasas―.

hdgck c nstc cgtdvdhch. Wdknejcroa, sama nk Rctcz,3,:22 hn nmmas nstãk nk pra-gnsa hn larecmdzcgd÷k, sn-oùk mc Csagdcgd÷k hn Edkn-ras Crtnsckcmns hn nsc pravdkgdc.

Nktnkhnr mc departckgdc y mc ecokdtuh hn nstn pragn-sa nk Mc Mdjnrtch ns ma qunkas nxpmdgc nm Onrnktn On-knrcm hn Rahnrasc. ”Rrajc-jmnenktn eugfas fck aåhaqun sak edm edknras crtn-sckcmns nk Rctcz y mns pc-rngnrã pnqunóc mc gdlrc hn7: edknras qun gaepmntcknm pragnsa hn larecmdzc-gd÷k. Sudnra cgmcrcr mcs gd-lrcs pcrc nktnkhnr eniarhn ma qun nstceas fcjmck-ha. Gchc edknra larecmdzc-ha ns doucm c ukc mcjar hak-hn trcjcick nktrn < y 3:edknras. Ns hngdr, fay sngaepmntc mc larecmdzcgd÷khnm trcjcia hn eãs :22 ed-

knras crtnsckcmns, puns nkgchc mcjar trcjcick uk eå-kdea hn < edknras―.

Znspngta c mc sdtucgd÷k hnmcs gakgnsdakns hn Rahnra-sc nk Rctcz, Wcktdmmckc ec-kdlnst÷ qun ”fneas ujdgc-ha s÷ma 774 mcjarns crtn-sckcmns, hn mcs gucmns :78nstãk nk pragnsa hn lar-ecmdzcgd÷k. Ns hngdr, <4%hn mcs mcjarns edknrcs hnmhdstrdta nstãk nk pragnsahn larecmdzcgd÷k―.

Mc gaepcóåc tcejdäk dk-hdg÷ qun nm pragnsa hn larec-mdzcgd÷k ka ns snkgdmma punshnjn supnrcr vcrdcs dkstdtu-gdakns y taec gnrgc hn hascóas. C pnscr hn nmma, sastuva qun su gaepraedsa gaknstc tcrnc gaktdkùc, y qunRahnrasc tdnkn tahc mc hdspa-sdgd÷k pcrc cpaycr c mas ed-knras crtnsckcmns qun rncm-enktn qudnrck larecmdzcrsn.

Gak ukc supnrldgdn hn hn 7.8<2 `e : , Rctcz (Mc Mdjnrtch) ns ukc hn mcs pravdkgdcs hakhn eãs cvckzc nm pragnsa hn larecmdzcgd÷k edknrc. Wnoùk mc Csagdcgd÷k hn Edknras Crtnsckcmns hn nsc pravdkgdc, nxdstnk 3,:22 pnrsakcs qun nstãk rnoumcrdzckha su sdtucgd÷k.

RCMCJZC RAHNZAWC Mcs gdlrcs hn mc edknråc dk-

larecm nk nm pcås fcjmck hn322 edm pnruckas qun sn hn-

Mcs gdlrcs hn mc edknråc dklarecm nk nm pcås fcjmck hn 322 edm pnruckas qun sn hnhdgck c nstc cgtdvdhch. Wdk nejcroa, s÷ma nk Rctcz,3,:22 hn nmmas nstãk nk pragnsa hn larecmdzcgd÷k, snoùk mc Csagdc- gd÷k hn Edknras Crtnsckcmns hn nstc pravdkgdc.

(Hn Dzq. c Hnr.) Dko. Ecrgnma Wcktdmmckc,Onrnktn Onknrcm hn Gaepcóåc

Edknrc Rahnrasc0Onckecrga Sunzchc Gcstra, Onrnktn Znodakcm hn Nknroåc y Edkcs hn Mc Mdjnrtch0Iuckc Icrc,kunvc edknrc larecm0 Icden Xuedcmãk y

Cmnickhra Crakns hn mc Hdrnggd÷k Onknrcm hn Edknråc,hurcktn mc gnrneakdc hn nktrnoc hn gnrtdldgchas.

:< Eukha Edknra Nhdgd÷k 722 - Iumda hnm :237



as Nstãkhcrns hn Gcmdhch Ce-tcm hnm Cdrn (NGC Cdrn) tdnknka prap÷sdta prdkgdpcm pratn-c scmuh hn mc pajmcgd÷k cktn

xpasdgd÷k gakstcktn c uk gak-a hn gaktcedkcktns qun sakhas cm cejdnktn hn ecknrcrcm a prahugdhas par mcs cgtd-hns hnm snr fuecka (trcks-n, dkhustrdcs, ntg.). Cså, masCdrn nstcjmngnk eãxdecsnktrcgdakns hn mas gaktced-ns gak ecyar prnsnkgdc nkn, hn tcm larec qun nm rdnsoaklnrenhch hn mc pajmcgd÷ksu rnspdrcgd÷k snc hn kdvnm Nk tcm snktdha, mas NGC cdrnnsck kdvnmns hn rdnsoa c mch hn mc pajmcgd÷k, ns hngdr carns gakgnktrcgdakns ec-rdnsoa hn nklnrenhch.

k kunstra pcås, nk nm cóa3 enhdcktn H.W. K² 2?8-3-RGE sn rnoumck par prd-

c vnz mas NGC Cdrn pcrc <ckgdcs gaktcedkcktns, sdnk-kc hn nmmcs nm hd÷xdha hn czu-nstcjmngdäkhasn vcmarns eã-s praenhda hn uk cóa (7<>e7) y hdcrdas (62 uo/e7).

edsea, sn nstcjmngn nm hnsc-a hn Rmckns hn Onstd÷k hn mcch hnm Cdrn nk 37 gduhchns

Rnrù (Mc Arayc, Dma, Gnrra hnga, Gfdejatn, Mdec-Gcmmca,as, Fuckgcya, Rdurc, Rdsga,udpc, Gusga, Gfdgmcya y Xru-muocrns nk mas gucmns sn rnc-departcktns cgtdvdhchns dk-rdcmns y/a cmjnrock ukc orckdhch hn pajmcgd÷k.

dgfas Rmckns hn Onstd÷k hncmdhch hnm Cdrn tnkåck gaea

rngdsdakns hnm EDKCE rnspngta hn mas nstãkhcrnshn gcmdhch cejdnktcm hnm cdrn

dkdstnrda rncldrec qun hdspasdgd÷k qun ldic gaea måedtn eãxdea pnredtdha :2 uo/e7 pcrc mas NGCs hnm cdrn sn cpmdgcrãpcrtdr hn :238. Wdk nejcroa, snócmc qun nk mcs gduhchns qun ka sn punhc guepmdr nm nstãkhcr, sn depmnenktcrã pmcknsn Onstd÷k hn mc Gcmdhch hnm Cdrn, mas gucmns jusgcrãk nstcjmngnr enhdhcs y tdnepas pcrc nm guepmdednkta hn mc karec.

prap÷sdta qun, nk mcs gduhchns cktns enkgdakchcs, sn hnscrrammnkhn ecknrc orchucm cgtdvdhchnsgakhugnktns c qun mcs gakgnktrc-

gdakns hn mas gaktcedkcktns nknm cdrn, sdnkha uka hn nmmas nm hd÷- xdha hn czulrn, snck enkarns cmas vcmarns nstcjmngdhas nk masNGC Cdrn, hn tcm larec hn edkd-edzcr mc gaktcedkcgd÷k pajmcgda-kcm.

Nk nm cóa :226, enhdcktnH.W. K² 227-:226-EDKCE sncprajcrak Nstãkhcrns hn GcmdhchCejdnktcm hnm Cdrn pcrc 8 kunvasgaktcedkcktns (RE:.>, Jnkgn-ka, Fdhragcrjuras tatcmns y Wum-lura hn Fdhr÷onka) y sn nstcjmn-gdnrak kunvas vcmarns pcrc mcsgakgnktrcgdakns eãxdecs hdc-rdcs hn hd÷xdha hn czulrn, cså cpcrtdr hnm cóa :224 nm NGC hdcrdanrc hn 62 uo/e7 y pcrc nm cóa:238 nstn vcmar sn rnhugdråc c

:2 uo/e7, vcmarns qun tdnknkgaea sustnkta mcs kunvcs nvdhnk-gdcs gdnktåldgcs qun mc Arockdzc-gd÷k Eukhdcm hn mc Wcmuh hnsc-rramm÷ y qun sn nstcjmngnk gaearngaenkhcgdakns c sus pcåsnsednejras, gak nm prap÷sdta hnrnhugdr nm depcgta nk mc scmuh hnmc pajmcgd÷k.

Hn mcs nvcmucgdakns hn gcmdhchhnm cdrn nlngtuchcs nk mcs 37 gdu-hchns prdardzchcs sn fc hntnred-kcha qun nk 32 hn nmmcs sn gue-pmnk gak mas NGC Cdrn hn hd÷xdhahn czulrn hdcrda nstcjmngdhas pc-rc nm cóa :238 (:2 uo/e7) yqun nk 7 hn nmmcs (Dma, Mc Arayc

y Crnqudpc) ka sn guepmn nstn vcmar y qun hnjdha c mcs nedsdakns

pravnkdnktns tckta hnm pcrqun cu- taeatar gaea hn mcs lukhdgdaknsmagcmdzchcs nk hdgfcs gduhchnska sn guepmdråc mc entc trczchc

nk nm cóa :238 (:2 uo/e7).Cm rnspngta, tnkdnkha nk gunk-

tc qun mas NGC Cdrn pcrc nm hd÷xd-ha hn czulrn nstcjmngn vcmarnsqun rnoumck mcs eãxdecs gakgnk-

trcgdakns praenhda hdcrdcs hn nstn gaktcedkcktn nk nm cdrn, vcma-rns qun sak entcs c cmgckzcr c

trcväs hnm hnjdha hnscrramma hnRmckns hn Onstd÷k hn mc Gcmdhchhnm Cdrn qun gaktnepmck enhd-hcs hn cpmdgcgd÷k orchucm, qungaksdhnrnk mc vdcjdmdhch tägkdgc,ngak÷edgc y sagdcm hn nstcs en-hdhcs, y tnkdnkha nk gunktc qunnxdstnk 7 gduhchns nk mcs gucmns

tahcvåc hnjnk hn nlngtucrsn cgtdvdhchns pcrc cmgckzcr gakgnktrc-gdakns praenhda hdcrdcs enka-rns c :2 uo/e7 nk uk tdnepa

ecyar cm dkdgda hnm cóa :238, nsqun sn nvcmùc nstc sdtucgd÷k ygaea prahugta hn nstn ckãmdsdssn cprunjc enhdcktn nm H.W. K²

22<-:237-EDKCE mcs hdspasd-gdakns gaepmnenktcrdcs pcrc mccpmdgcgd÷k rncm hnm NGC Cdrn.

Nm H.W. K²22<-:237-EDKCEnstcjmngn hdspasdgdakns qun pnr-edtnk qun mc cpmdgcjdmdhch hnm NGCCdrn hdcrda pcrc nm hd÷xdha hn czu-lrn hn :2 uo/e7 sn cpmdqun cpcrtdr hnm cóa :238 nk mcs gduhc-hns qun yc guepmnk nstn vcmargaea prahugta hn mcs enhdhcsdepmnenktchcs hnshn nm cóa:223, y nstcjmngn gakhdgdaknspcrc qun nk mcs gduhchns nk mcsgucmns ka snrã pasdjmn guepmdrgak nstn vcmar nk nm cóa :238 sn

hnscrrammnk Rmckns hn Onstd÷k hnmc Gcmdhch hnm Cdrn qun nstcjmnz-gc mcs enhdhcs y tdnepas qun mmn-

vcrã c ukc gduhch c guepmdr gakhdgfc karec. Nstcs enhdhcs hn-jnrãk gaktnepmcr 7 cspngtas de-partcktns9 mc gaenrgdcmdzcgd÷k hngaejustdjmn Hdnsnm gak enkas hn>2 pcrtns par edmm÷k hn czulrn,mc vdcjdmdhch y hdspakdjdmdhch tngka-m÷odgc pcrc nm gaktram hn nedsda-kns hn hd÷xdha hn czulrn cm cdrn ynm hnscrramma hn måedtns eãxdeaspnredsdjmns (MER) hn nedsd÷k hnocsns sumlurasas cm cejdnktn. Mchntnredkcgd÷k hn mcs gduhchns qunguepmck a ka gak nm NGC hn hd÷-

xdha hn czulrn pcrc nm cóa :238snrã nlngtuchc par nm EDKCE cpcrtdr hn mcs nvcmucgdakns hn gcmd-

hch hnm cdrn nlngtuchcs nk nm ùmtd-ea cóa.

Gaea sn enkgdak÷ cktnrdar-

enktn sak trns mcs gduhchns qunka guepmdråck gak nm NGC Cdrn hdc-rda hn hd÷xdha hn czulrn pcrc nmcóa :238 (:2 uo/e7), nstãksak Crnqudpc, Dma y Mc Arayc. Mc sd-

tucgd÷k hn gchc ukc hn nstcs gdu-hchns sn hnsgrdjn c gaktdkucgd÷k.

Nk nm gcsa hn Crnqudpc mc prdk-gdpcm lunktn hn gaktcedkcgd÷k parhd÷xdha hn czulrn ns nm pcrquncutaeatar, hnjdha c qun Crnqud-pc gunktc gak ukc departcktngcktdhch hn vnfågumas qun utdmdzchdnsnm gaea gaejustdjmn, nm gucmfcstc nm cóa pcscha gaktnkåc ukcorck gcktdhch hn czulrn. Wn nspn-rc qun nk mas pr÷xdeas has cóasmas kdvnmns hn hd÷xdha hn czulrn hds-edkuyck c vcmarns enkarns c :2uo/e7 hnjdha c qun hnshn nstn

cóa sn gaenrgdcmdzc nk hdgfc gdu-hch nm gaejustdjmn Hdnsnm gak gak-gnktrcgdakns hn czulrn enkarnsc >2 pcrtns par edmm÷k.

Nk nm gcsa hn mc gduhch hn Dma,mcs lunktns hn gaktcedkcgd÷k hnhd÷xdha hn czulrn sak nm pcrquncutaeatar y mcs nedsdakns hn mcLukhdgd÷k hn Gajrn hn prapdnhchhn mc neprnsc Wautfnrk Rnru.Cm rnspngta, hn mcs nvcmucgdaknsnlngtuchcs punhn vnrsn qun mcsgakgnktrcgdakns hdcrdcs hn hd÷xd-ha hn czulrn nk nm cdrn sak enka-rns qun nm vcmar cgtucmenktn vdonk-

tn (62 uo/e7) pnra qun sdk ne-jcroa sak ecyarns cm vcmar hn:2 uo/e7, rcz÷k par mc gucm nknstc gduhch sn hnjn hn hnscrra-mmcr uk Rmck hn Onstd÷k hn mc Gcmd-

\dgnedkdstra hn Onstd÷k Cejdnktcm,Ecrdcka Gcstra.

s nvcmucgdakns hn gcmdhch hnm cdrn nlngtuchcs nk mcs 37 gduhchns, nm CE snócmc qun nk Dma, Mc Arayc y Crnqudpc ka sn guepmnk gak mas NGC

Ka taha ns ed- knråc. Nk nm gcsa hn Crnqud- pc mc prdkgdpcm lunktn hn gak- tce dkcg d÷k par hd÷xdha hn czulrn ns nm pcrqun cuta- eatar, hnjdha c qun nsc gduhch gunktc gak ukc departcktn gcktdhch hn vnfågu- mas qun utdmdzc hdnsnm gaea gaejustdjmn,nm gucm fcstc nm cóa pcscha gaktnkåc ukc orck gcktdhch hn czulrn.

hch hnm Cdrn gakhugnktn c maorcrcmgckzcr hdgfa vcmar nk uk pmcza

tägkdgc y ngak÷edgcenktn vdcjmn.

Rcrc nm gcsa hn Mc Arayc, mcprdkgdpcm lunktn hn gaktcedkcgd÷kns mc Lukhdgd÷k Ramdentãmdgc, mas

vcmarns hn gakgnktrcgdakns hdc-rdcs hn hd÷xdha hn czulrn nk nm cdrnsak ecyarns c :2 uo/e7, parma qun doucmenktn qun nm gcsa ck-

tnrdar nk nstc gduhch sn hnjn hnhnscrrammcr uk Rmck hn Onstd÷k hnmc Gcmdhch hnm Cdrn gakhugnktn cmaorcr cmgckzcr hdgfa vcmar nk ukpmcza tägkdgc y ngak÷edgcenktn

vdcjmn.


:? Eukha Edknra




”Nm fnmchnra―, Rrneda Rrnsdhnktn hn mc Znpùjmdgc y prdenr punsta hn mc gctnoaråc Ldmdorckc. Cutar Ocjrdnm Ectåcs Xcjachc hn Rdurc.

”Gcåha hnm gdnma―, Rrneda Edkdstra hn Nknroåc y Edkcs y prdenr punsta hn Iaynråc. Nstc ajrc hn crtn pnrtnkngn Gäscr Mcrc y c Cmlaksa Tcurd, hn Ldmcenktas CO W.C.G.

”Läkdx― hn mas crtnsckas Gcrmas Dkoc Euidgc, Inck Rcum \cmmnias sn qunh÷gak nm prdenr punsta Arlnjrnråc y Rrneda Edkdstra hn Gaenrgda Nxtnrday Xurdsea.

Jusgckha prnsnrvcr mc trchd-gd÷k hnm Rnrù gaea pcås pmctnra,sn dkcuour÷ mc nxfdjdgd÷k hn mcspdnzcs ockcharcs hnm V\DD Gak-gursa Kcgdakcm Rmctc hnm Rnrù,

trchdgdakcm nvnkta qun rnùkn cmas eniarns trcjcias hnscrrammc-has par crtnsckas pnruckas hnhdlnrnktns pcrtns hnm pcås, y qunns arockdzcha par nm RctrakctaRmctc hnm Rnrù.

Mc eunstrc, qun sn nxfdjdrã nkmc ocmnråc hn mc Xarrn Dktnrjck`,lun dkcuourchc par Zaqun Jnkc-

vdhns, Rrnsdhnktn hnm Gaksnia Hd-rngtdva hnm Rctrakcta Rmctc hnm

Rnrù y Muds Lnmdpn Gcstnmmckas,Onrnktn Onknrcm hn Dktnrjck`,prdkgdpcm cuspdgdchar hnm gakgur-sa.

Gaea sn scjn, mc gnrneakdchn prnedcgd÷k hn mas trcjcias snfcjåc rncmdzcha nk Dma (gduhch qunmunoa hn sdntn cóas vamvåc c snrsnhn par snoukhc vnz), nm pcsc-ha :3 hn iukda.

Nk nsc agcsd÷k sn ckukgd÷ qunnm ockchar hnmRrneda Rrnsdhnktnhn mc Znpùjmdgc lun Ocjrdnm Ec tåcs Xcjachc hn Rdurcgak mc ajrc”Nm fnmchnra― (Ldmdorckc). Rar su

pcrtn,Gäscr Mcrc Dmctaec (Mdecajtuva nm Rrneda Edkdstra hnNknroåc y Edkcs gak nm trcjcia”Gcåha hnm gdnma― (Iaynråc). Ldkcenktn,Gcrmas Dkoc Euidgc y InckRcum \cmmnias tcejdäk hn Mdec snfdgdnrak cgrnnharns cm Rrneda Edkdstra hn Gaenrgda Nxtnrdar y Xurdsea gak ”Lnkdx― (Arlnjrnråc)

Rcrc Muds Lnmdpn Gcstnmmckas

Rdnzcs ockcharcs hnm Gakgursa Kcgdakcm hn Rmctc mmnocraRrahdodascs pdnzcs ockcharcs hnm gakgursa qun sn hnscrramm÷ nk Dma lunrak prnsnktchcs nk nv

Wn prned÷ c arlnjrns hn tahcs mcs rnodakns hnm Rnrù y sn ckukgd÷ qun mc nhdgd÷k hnm pr÷x




:4 Eukha Edknra

kgnmmc―, hn Muds Cmjnrta Gfcggfc Gfãvnz y Gnmdc Sudspn Icgdkta hn ajtuva nm snoukha muocr nk Ldmdorckc.

”Mas dkedorcktns―, snoukha punsta hn Arlnjrn- råc. Mc cutaråc pnrtnkngn cm gcicecrqudka Iaron Rärnz Outdärrnz.

”Nm cgucrda hn ed echrn―, snoukha punsta Iaynråc. Ajrc hn Nvnr Iukga Ggadggc, @nmvdk Iukga Xamnha hn Mdec.

ktn Onknrcm hn Dktnrjck`, ns-nkta ns euy departcktn pc-mas puns pnredtn qun eu-hn sus gamcjarcharns pcrtd-

k cgtdvcenktn (c trcväs hnm

ia, trckspartn y mc gustahdcs pdnzcs). ”Znkavceas kuns-gaepraedsa gak nm nvnkta,k mas crtnsckas y ecnstrastrcjcick mc pmctc nk kuns-pcås―, cóchd÷.

ar su pcrtn, Zaqun Jnkcvd-Ockazc, Rrnsdhnktn hnm Gak-Hdrngtdva hnm Rctrakcta Rmc-nm Rnrù, snócm÷ qun ”nstn

departcktn nvnkta surod÷ fcgneãs hn :2 cóas, y gakt÷ gakmc pcrtdgdpcgd÷k hn :22 ecns- tras pmctnras nk nsn nktakgns.Nrc gcsd ukc cgtdvdhch nk nxtdk-

gd÷k. Fay mmnoceas c mas 7222crtnsckas―.

Mc arockdzcgd÷k corchngd÷ mcpcrtdgdpcgd÷k hn mas arlnjrns qunprnsnktcrak mcs 333 pdnzcs qungakgurscrak. Csdedsea, fdgdnraknxtnksdva su rngakagdednkta cmcs neprnscs cuspdgdcharcs qunpasdjdmdtcrak mc rncmdzcgd÷k hnmnvnkta.

crc hnsmuejrcr Mdecncmdzcha nk mc Xarrn Dktnrjck`.óa sn rncmdzcrã nk Xruidmma.

Zaqun Jnkcvdhns Ockazc, Rrnsdhnktn hnm Gaksnia Hdrngtdva hnm Rctrakcta Rmctc hnm Rnrù0 Echnmndkn Jurks,Hdrngtarc hn Crtnsckåc hnm Edkgntur0 Ynmec Cgastc-Zujda, Onrnktn hn Csuktas Mnocmns hn Dktnrjck`0 Iuck Cssnrnta, Hdrngtar hnm Rctrakcta Rmctc hnm Rnrù y Muds Lnmdpn Gcstnmmckas, Onrnktn Onknrcm hn Dktnrjck`,dkcuourck mc nxpasdgd÷k.




Edknrc gfdkc csdokc ^W$ 8,622 edmmakns fcstc nm cóa :23< p

GFDKCMGA DKGZNENKXC W^ DK\NZWD

Gfdkcmga pmcknc nstcr eugfcshägchcs nk Earagagfc. Mc rn-gdnktn hngdsd÷k hn su Hdrngtardahn dkvnrtdr ^W$ 3,722 edmmaknschdgdakcmns pcrc cepmdcr mc gcpc-gdhch hn hdsnóa hn su pmcktc gak-gnktrcharc -cgtucmenktn nk pmnkcgakstruggd÷k- cså ma hneunstrc.

Nk rngdnktn vdcin c nstn gnktn-kcrda hdstrdta edknra, nm Edkdstrahn Nknroåc y Edkcs, Iaron Enrdka,

Earagagfc mugn uk eniar rastra trcs sdntn cóas hn dkvnrsd÷k sagda-cejdnktcm ningutchc gak pcgdnkgdc y hdsgrngd÷k par Gfdkcmga, prdenrprahugtar edknra hn Gfdkc. Mc edknrc fc dkvnrtdha W$ 7,>22 edmmaknsnk mc gakstruggd÷k hn9 nm enocprayngta Xaraeagfa, ukc kunvc gduhch

pcrc mas fcjdtcktns hn Earagagfc y ukc euy kngnscrdc pmcktc hn trctcednkta hn coucs ãgdhcs, qun vdnkn hnsgaktcedkckha mc garrdnktn hnmråa Tcumd trcs hägchcs hn hnsgudha.

gakstct÷ nm rchdgcm gcejda qun mcdkvnrsd÷k hnm gaksargda gfdka fc de-prnsa nk nm atrarc mãkoudha pcdscinearagagfdka.

Orck pcrtn hnm grähdta ma tdnknmc Rmcktc hn Xrctcednkta hn CoucsÃgdhcs, dkvnrsd÷k hn ^W$ >2 ed-mmakns qun fc gaksnoudha nm fdtahn nmdedkcr mas nlmunktns ãgdhasqun mcs edkcs hnm hdstrdta crraickhdcrdcenktn cm Xùknm @dkosedmm, gc-

Mc pmcktc gakgnktrcharc hn Xaraeagfa tnkhrã uk gdrgudta pcrc prahugdr trd÷xdha hn eamdjhnka.

Mc pmcktc hn trctcednkta hn coucs ãgdhcs hn Xùknm @dkosedmm pragnsc mas nlmunktns hn mcs edkcs gnrgckcs y mcs gakvdnrtn nk couc Gmcsn DDD (cptc pcrc rdnoa hn vnontcmns hn gaksueagruha y jnjdhc hn ckdecmns) mc gucm ns hnsgcrochc nk nm råa Tcumd, qun fay mugn grdstcmdka, gaea sn ajsnrvc nk mc lata hn mc hnrngfc.

kcm sujtnrrãkna hn 33 `e. hn makodtuh qun hurcktn hägchcs hnsgcro÷su vnknkasa prahugta cm råa Tcumd.

Fay, nm råa mugn pråstdka y gak vdhc,cm pukta qun vunmvn c gajdicr edråc-hcs hn pngns.



AXZCW DK\NZWDAKNW GFDKCW

cepmdcr nm ycgdednkta

K NK XAZAEAGFA


73 Eukha Edknra

Gfdkc fc gaepraentdha eãs hn W$ 37,222 edmmakns nk dkvnrsda-ns ardnktchcs c edknråc nk nm Rnrù, gdlrc qun mc gakvdnrtn -hn euy mn-

as- nk nm prdkgdpcm sagda edknra hn kunstra pcås. Edknrcs gfdkcs gakkvnrsdakns departcktns nk nm Rnrù sak, chneãs hn Gfdkcmga (^W$,622 edmmakns)9

Wfauocko, qun nstã c pukta hn gumedkcr mc cepmdcgd÷k hn su edkchn fdnrra Ecrgakc (^W$ 3,862 edmmakns).

Jcdydk Kaklnrraus Oraup Ga, csagdchc c Wfauocko nk mc nxpmatcgd÷khn rnmcvns hn fdnrra nk Ecrgakc (^W$ :74 edmmakns).

Kckidkzfca Oraup, qun tdnkn c su gcroa nm hnscrramma hnm prayngtahn fdnrra Rcepc hnm Rakoa (^W$ 7,:62 edmmakns).

Nm gaksargda Gfdkc Edkentcms/Idckoxd Gappnr, gaepraentdha nkmc punstc nk ecrgfc hnm prayngta hn gajrn-ara Ocmnka (^W$ :,>22edmmakns).

T nm Gaksargda Ydi dk, qun ka gnhn nk nm hnscrram ma hnm prayngta hngajrn Zda Jmckga, nk Rdurc (^W$ 3,>22 edmmakns).

Nm Lnrragcrrdm Gnktrcm trckspartcrã nm gakgnktrcha pra- hugdha nk Xaraeagfa.

Kunvc Earagagfc hc gajdia c >.222 fcjdtcktns.

dkdstra Iaron Enrdka vdsdt÷ nm prayngta Xaraeagfa cgaepcócha hn uk snmngta orupa hn ahdstcs nspngdcmdzchas nk edknråc. Cmmå fdza nm snkscgdakcm ckukgd÷ hn mc kunvc dkvnr - cprajchc par nm Hdrngtarda hn Gfdkcmga9 ^W$ 3,722 edmmakns pcrc cepmdcr mc pmcktc nktrcharc.

tra rnlmnia hn nstn gce-ns mc gduhch hn Kunvcragagfc, hdsgdpmdkchc ur-qun cmaic c 3,2>2 lced-nk uk cepmda pnråentrahn tcejdäk punhnk vnr-gamnodas (fcy gdkga hns), nhdldgdas pùjmdgas (7<)nsdcs (sdntn, pcrc doucm

enra hn grnhas).

Ka enkas depaknktn nsmcktc gakgnktrcharc,

nóchc pcrc pragnscr2,222 taknmchcs hn ed-cm y prahugdr 722,222nmchcs ldkcs hn gajrntnkdhcs nk gakgnktrchacrtdr hnm prdenr trdens-

hnm :238.c cepmdcgd÷k ckukgdchcnm Hdrngtarda pnredtdrãnenktcr mc prahuggd÷kc ukdhch edknrc nk :>%,?>,222 taknmchcs hns-nm cóa :23<.

ar sd lunrc paga, Gfdkcm-fc fngfa gakagnr tce- su dktnräs par chqudrdrrayngta guprålnra Mcs

ejcs (^W$ 8,622 edmma-), qun Omnkgarn Vstrctcpunsta aldgdcmenktn nktc hnshn enhdchas hn iu-mtdea.




Iaron Enrdka Xclur, Edkdstra hn Nknroåc yEdkcs.

Nm Edkdstra hn Nknroåc y Edkcs, Iar-on Enrdka Xclur, scmuh÷ nm dkdgda hn mcecsdldgcgd÷k hnm ocs kcturcm nk nm gnktra y sur hnm pcås gak mc chiuhdgcgd÷khn mc Junkc Rra pcrc nm hnscrramma hnmhdsnóa, ldkckgdcednkta, gakstruggd÷k,apnrcgd÷k y ecktnkdednkta hnm Wdstn-

Orcóc y Eaktnra sn chiuhdg÷ mc junkc pra hnm prayngta hn hdstrdjugd÷k hn OKG y OK\ nk rnodakns cmtackhdkcs

ENE CK^KGDC NM DKDGDA HN MC ECWDLDGCGD×K HNM OCWKCX^ZCM NK NM GNKXZA T W^Z HNM RCÅW

ec hn Cjcstngdednkta hn Ocs KcturcmGaeprdedha (OKG) y Ocs Kcturcm \nfd-gumcr (OK\) fcgdc hdnz gduhchns cmta-ckhdkcs.

Nm Nstcha Rnrucka, c trcväs hnm Ed-kdstnrda hn Nknroåc y Edkcs, ataro÷ mc

Junkc Rra c mc neprnsc Orcóc y Eak- tnra Rntramnrc W.C. qun prnsnkt÷ ukcalnrtc hn 38.> edmmakns hn h÷mcrns pc-rc nm hnscrramma hn nstn prayngta quncjcrgc mcs gduhchns hn Cjckgcy, Ck-hcfucymcs, Fuceckoc, Fucktc, Fuck-gcvnmdgc, Fuckgcya, Icuic, Gusga, Iu-

mdcgc y Ruka.”Nstn ns uk håc hn fakha sdokd-ldgcha pcrc nm Rnrù, parqun parprdenrc vnz mcs rnodakns y mcs gdu-hchns cmtackhdkcs tdnknk mc apartukdhch hn tnknr nk garta tdnepaocs kcturcm, c trcväs hnm trcks-partn vdrtucm―, eckdlnst÷ nm edkdstra cm lnmdgdtcr c mc neprnsc qun snchiuhdg÷ nm prayngta.

Enrdka rnscmt÷ qun nsta pnredtd-rã hatcr hn OK\ cm pcrqun cutaea- tar hn eugfcs magcmdhchns y OKGpcrc pnqunóas knoagdas, gamnodas,faspdtcmns y nspngdcmenktn pcrcmas tcejas nk zakcs hakhn fcgneugfa lråa.

”Nstn gakgursa fc sdha uk äxd- ta, puns nm eakta csdokcha fc sd-ha par 38¸>4<,??: h÷mcrns, 67%enkar cm eakta hn dkvnrsd÷k rnln-rnkgdcm qun nrck 3? edmmakns >22edm h÷mcrns―, hnstcg÷.

”Sudnra rnscmtcr qun hnshn nmcóa :228, nk qun nm ocs kcturcmmmno÷ c Mdec, ka fc fcjdha ocs pc-rc mcs zakcs cmtackhdkcs, pcrc mconktn eãs pajrn. Nsta fcgn iustd-gdc pcrc qun nmmas tcejdäk tnkockocs, nk nstc prdenrc ntcpc gakOKG―, eckdlnst÷.

Nm tdtumcr hnm ENE rngarh÷ qunsu sngtar fc susgrdta gaepraedsasgak mas oajdnrkas rnodakcmns pcrcnm dkdgda hn mc gakstruggd÷k hn mcsrnhns hn ocs, qun gaktrdjudrãk gakmc ecsdldgcgd÷k hn nstn gaejustd-jmn. ”Ns uk orck gcejda pcrc mcszakcs cmtackhdkcs qun vcmn mc pn-kc rnscmtcr―, nxprns÷.

Chnmckt÷, csdedsea, qun nm :>hn nstn ens, c trcväs hn Rradkvnr-sd÷k, sn hcrã mc junkc pra pcrcuk prayngta sdedmcr hn ecsdldgcgd÷khnm ocs kcturcm qun gaeprnkhn mcGakgnsd÷k Kartn9 Gfdejatn y Fuc-rcz (Ckgcsf), Xruidmma y Rcgcsecya(Mc Mdjnrtch), Gcicecrgc, y Gfdgmc- ya y Mcejcynqun (Mcejcynqun)0 y, mc Gakgnsd÷k Wur9 Crnqudpc, Ea-qunouc n Dma (Eaqunouc) y Xcg-kc.

Nm prayngta chiuhdgcha c Orcóc y Eaktnra gaksdstn nk jrdkhcr nmsuedkdstra hn Ocs Kcturcm Gaeprd-edha c mcs 32 gduhchns nstcjmngd-hcs, c trcväs hn mc dkstcmcgd÷k hnuk ocsagnktra nk gchc ukc hn äs- tcs, gak ma gucm sn dkdgdc nm pragnsahn ecsdldgcgd÷k hn Ocs Kcturcm, hn-scrrammckha dkdgdcmenktn nm gaksu-

ea Ocs Kcturcm \nfdgumcr c trcväshn mc gakvnrsd÷k hnm pcrqun cuta-eatar hn hdgfcs gduhchns cm usahn nstn nknroätdga.




Zatctdvc Edknrc

Zatctdvc Edknrc

Mc prdkgdpcm hn Wdnrrc Entcms nk nm Rnrù ns mc edkc sujtnrrãknc

Tcurdgagfc, ujdgchc nk mc pravdkgdc hn Tcuyas. Wn cmzc sajrn mas 8.<22 e.s.ke, y fc sdha uk cgtdva prahugtar hurcktn eãs hn <2 cóas.

Wdnrrc Entcms dkorns÷ cm snoenktasnkdar hn mc Jamsc hn Xarakta

Munoa hn uk cóa hn mdstcr nk mc Jamsc hn\cmarns hn Mdec, nepnz÷ c knoagdcr suscggdakns nk nm XWV hnshn nm 6 hn iumda.Gaepcóåc qun apnrc mc edkc Tcurdgagfcnk kunstra pcås, cldrec qun gak nmmatnkhrã cggnsa c ukc jcsn hn enrgchahn gcpdtcmns patnkgdcmenktn ecyar.

Wdnrrc Entcms Dkg. ckukgd÷ qun sus cggdaknsgaeukns fck sdha cprajchcs pcrc mdstcr nk mcJamsc hn \cmarns hn Xarakta (Xarakta Wtag` Nx-gfckon - XWV) y qun sn knoagdcrãk hnshn mccpnrturc hnm 6 hn iumda hnm :237. Nk gaksn-gunkgdc, mcs cggdakns gaeukns hn mc gaepcóåchnicrãk hn nstcr mdstchcs nk nm XWV \nkturn Nx-gfckon (”XWV\―). Nm såejama hn mcs cggdakns ga-eukns gaktdkucrã sdnkha nm ”WEX―.

Hckdnm Xnmmngfnc, Rrnsdhnktn y GNA hn WdnrrcEntcms, eckdlnst÷ qun ”sn gaepmcgn nk ckuk-gdcr atra cvckgn departcktn pcrc mc gaepcóåc

y sus cggdakdstcs. Nm XWV ns mc jamsc eãs de-partcktn hn Gckchã y kas pravnnrã cggnsa cukc jcsn hn enrgcha hn gcpdtcmns patnkgdcm-enktn ecyar―.

Hn cgunrha c dklarecgd÷k hn mc nktdhch jur-sãtdm gckchdnksn, c Wdnrrc Entcms sn mn pnredtd÷nedtdr y paknr nk gdrgumcgd÷k 3>6.278.>6: cg-gdakns arhdkcrdcs (hn uk tatcm hn 3<<.778.>6:).Rcrc nm eaenkta hn mc nedsd÷k sn rnsnrvcrak6.722.222 hn cggdakns.

Wdnrrc Entcms Dkg. ns ukc gaepcóåc gckchdnk-sn nklagchc nk entcmns prngdasas y jãsdgasnxtrcåhas hn sus edkcs Tcurdgagfc nk nm Rnrù, y Jamåvcr y Gusd nk Eäxdga. Nk lnjrnra hn :23:,dkorns÷ c mc Jamsc hn \cmarns hn Mdec. Gak sudkornsa c mc XWV, sn ukc c mcs 64 neprnscs hnnsn pcås qun gunktck gak :<2 prayngtas nk nmRnrù.

Chdgdakcmenktn, Wdnrrc Entcms nstã nxpmarck-ha hdvnrscs zakcs gak cmta patnkgdcm hn entc-mns prngdasas y jãsdgas nk Rnrù y Eäxdga. Masprayngtas nk Rnrù dkgmuynk Chrdga (ara), \dgta-

rdc (gajrn-pmctc) n Dpdmma (pamdentãmdga) nk mc ed-kc Tcurdgagfc nk mc pravdkgdc hn Tcuyas, y pra-pdnhchns hn ara nk Wck Edounmdta cm kartn hnmRnrù.

Jusgckha jrdkhcr ma eãscvckzcha nk tngkamaoåc hnsnrvdgdas hn pnrlarcgd÷k, mceumtdkcgdakcm HCKHA, ecr-gc kùenra nk nm Zndka ^kd-ha, dkorns÷ cm enrgcha pn-rucka orcgdcs c uk cgunr-ha gak Garn Xngf, neprn-sc qun sn gakvdrtd÷ nk surnprnsnktcktn aldgdcm nkkunstra pcås.

Rcrc eastrcr mc gcmdhchhn mas prahugtas jrdtãkd-gas c mcs prdkgdpcmns neprn-scs hn edknråc, gakstrug-gd÷k y onatngkdc hnm pcås,Garn Xngf arockdz÷ nm pcsc-ha 33 hn iumda ukc nxfdjdgd÷k

tn÷rdga-prãgtdgc nk mcs dkstcmcgdakns hnm Gmuj FåpdgaRnrucka.

Mc prnsnktcgd÷k nstuva cgcroa hnm Onrnktn Onknrcm

y nm Onrnktn Gaenrgdcm hnGarn Xngf, Iasä CktakdaLnrkãkhnz y Kdgamckonma Rn-masd, rnspngtdvcenktn, cså ga-ea hn mas dkonkdnras Cmjnr-

ta \dmmckunvc y Ckhnrs Hcfms-jnro, pralnsdakcmns dkomnsnsqun rnprnsnktcrak cHckha.

Gak nstc cmdckzc, GarnXngf, neprnsc gaenrgdcmd-zcharc gak eãs hn 3? cóashn nxpnrdnkgdc nk mc vnktchn nqudpas y prahugtas hnpnrlarcgd÷k, dklare÷ qun snhcrã cggnsa c ukc prnstd-

odasc ecrgc y c ukc vcrdn-hch hn nqudpas nspngdcmdzc-has pcrc mcs dkhustrdcs hnmc edknråc y mc gakstruggd÷k.Corno÷ qun nstn cgunrha nsuk rnspcmha qun mmnkc hn ar-oumma, y qun rncldrec mc gak-ldckzc qun fc hnpasdtchaHckha nk Garn Xngfa, tcmgaea sugnhn nk sus snhnshn Gamaejdc y Eäxdga.

Wajrn Hckha

Hnshn :233, Hckha nsukc sujsdhdcrdc hnm OrupaNknroamh Hrdmmdko, Hckhagunktc gak eãs hn 382cóas hn nxpnrdnkgdc lcjrd-gckha eãqudkcs pcrc pnrla-

Garn Xngf trcn cm Rnrù cm måhnr jrdtãkdgahn snrvdgdas hn pnrlarcgd÷k9 HCKHA

Gak ukc prnsnktcgd÷k tn÷rdga-prãgtdgc sn prnsnkt÷ c HCKHA, prdkgdpcmldrec hnm rujra hn pnrlarcgd÷k nk nm Zndka ^kdha. Mc cmdckzc pnredtnalrngnr cm enrgcha pnrucka ukc vcrdnhch hn nqudpas nspngdcmdzchaspcrc mc edknråc y mc gakstruggd÷k gak nm rnspcmha hn ukc ldrec eukhdcm.

rcgd÷k hn pazas hn couc,onatngkdc, nstuhdas hn sun-ma, nktrn atras. Wn gcrcgtn-rdzc nk prapargdakcr samu-gdakns nstãkhcr y c enhd-hc hnpnkhdnkha hn mcs kn-gnsdhchns hn pnrlarcgd÷khn gchc uka hn sus gmdnk-

tns.^ka hn mas prdkgdpcmns

Mc prnsnktcgd÷k hn Hckha gakt÷ gak mc vdsdtc hn gmdnktns hn Nguchar y Eäxdga.Nk mc lata orupa nktusdcstc dktnrnschas nk mc eãqudkc Hckha Xnrrdnr0 iukta gak Cmjnrta \dmmckunvc y Ckhnrs Hcfmsjnro, pralnsdakcmns dkomnsns qun prnsnk- tcrak c mc ecrgc jrdtãkdgc.

Mcs prdkgdpcmns neprnscs hn edknråc, gakstruggd÷k y onatngkdc hnm pcås puhdn- rak gakagnr mc alnrtc y mcs pasdjdmdhchns hn mc ecqudkcrdc hn Hckha, orcgdcs c mc nxfdjdgd÷k tn÷rdga-prãgtdgc qun sn hnscrramm÷ nk mcs dkstcmcgdakns hnm Gmuj Fåpdga Rnrucka.

Znsdstnkgdc, gakldcjdmdhch, gcmdhch, jcia gasta hn ecktnkdednkta hn mas nqudpas sak mcs prdkgdpcmns gcrcgtnråstdgcs qun alrngnk mas nqudpas hn HCKHA.

Gak nstc rnprnsnktcgd÷k, Garn Xngf kas cgnrgc c ukc prnstdodasc ecr - gc y c ukc vcrdnhch hn nqudpas nspngdcmdzchas pcrc mcs dkhustrdcs hn mc edknråc y mc gakstruggd÷k.

gmdnktns hn Hckha nk nm Znd-ka ^kdha ns nm Niärgdta Jrd-

tãkdga hnjdha c mc rnsdstnk-gdc, gakldcjdmdhch, gcmdhch, jc-

ia gasta hn ecktnkdednktahn mas nqudpas y ma eãs de-partcktn, nm lunrtn gaepra-edsa hn Hckha hn paknr csus gmdnktns nk prdenr mu-ocr.




7> Eukha Edknra

Gak eugfa corcha fn-eas rngdjdha dklarecgd÷k

qun snócmc qun mc rngcuhc-gd÷k par dkornsas trdjutc-rdas nk nm ens hn iukda fcgrngdha c pnscr hnm enkarcpartn hnm sngtar edknra.Nstn fngfa sn hc par mc ecyar rngcuhcgd÷k onknrchcpar sngtarns prahugtdvaska prdecrdas cktn nm hdkc-edsea hn mc ngakaeåc y mchneckhc dktnrkc, mas guc-mns gaepnkscrak mc enkarrngcuhcgd÷k hn mas sngta-rns prahugtdvas prdecrdasgaea nm edknra, qun lun-rak clngtchas par mc en-kar gatdzcgd÷k dktnrkcgda-kcm hn mas entcmns. Mc gmcvnpcrc maorcr uk grngdednkta sastnkdha hnm pcås ns mc

onstd÷k qun prdkgdpcmenk- tn nm nstcha hnjn hn rncmd-zcr c ldk qun tahas mas prayngtas edknras sn gakgrn- tnk, gaktrdjuynkha c hdkc-edzcr mas sngtarns prahugtdvas prdecrdas y ka prdec-rdas.

Ka hnjneas snr gaklar-edstcs par nm grngdednktasastnkdha hn kunstra pcåsnk nstc ùmtdec hägchc. Nstncvckgn sn fc hcha c ma mcr-oa hn mas cóas y hnjneassnr gaksgdnktns qun nstneärdta ka ns hn uk sama oa-jdnrka, sdka hn tahas mas pn-ruckas.

Mc gcåhc hnm prngda hn masentcmns fc pravagcha ukdkgrnenkta sdokdldgctdva nkmas gastas apnrctdvas hnmsngtar edknra. Wd jdnk tnkn-eas mc vnktcic hn snr gae-pntdtdvas nk gaepcrcgd÷k catras pcåsns edknras, magucm sn hnjn c mcs mnyns hnedknrcm eãs nstcjmns qunfcy nk kunstra pcås, mc hdvnr-sdhch hn edknrcmns nk suapnrcgd÷k qun punhnk gae-pnkscr nm nlngta hn mc jcic-hc hn ukc gatdzcgd÷k gak mcsujdhc hn atrc y mas gastashn nknroåc, ns nvdhnktn qunnk nm Rnrù eugfcs neprn-scs edknrcs rnspakscjmns

hnjnrãk rnpmcktncr sus nstrctnodcs apnrctdvcs.

Hnldkdtdvcenktn, Hdas kasfc jnkhngdha gak tahas masrngursas qun cgtucmenktnpasnneas y qun rncmenk- tn kas fcgn uk pcås s÷mdha.Nk mas ùmtdeas cóas, mc ecyar pcrtn hn mas rngursassn fck ajtnkdha hnm sngtaredknra, taeckha hn nsc lar-ec uk departcktn pratcoa-kdsea nk nm grngdednkta hnkunstra pcås. Gcjn rnscmtcrqun sn fcgn rnlnrnkgdc c mcedknråc rnspakscjmn, tcktagak nm enhda cejdnktn ga-ea gak mcs mnyns vdonktns.Mc edknråc gaktrdjuyn gak

nm grngdednkta hnm RJD ypnredtn qun mcs cutardhc-hns punhck taecr hngdsda-kns chnguchcs c ldk hn dk-

NM K^N\A ZNXA HNM WNGXAZEDKNZA ZNWRAKWCJMN

Rar9 Cmjnrta Jragas Outdärrnz, Dkonkdnra hn Edkcs

vnrtdr y jnknldgdcr c tahasmas pnruckas, sdk kdkoukc

nxgnpgd÷k.Cktn pnråahas hn jakck-

zc samneas amvdhcr mc departckgdc hn pmckdldgcr y prdard-zcr kunstrcs hngdsdakns, yka taeceas nk gunktc mashdvnrsas nsgnkcrdas ngak÷-edgas qun pahråck prnsnk- tcrsn c lutura. Xaha nsta rn-pnrgutn hn ecknrc sdokdld-gctdvc nk mc sastnkdjdmdhchc mcroa pmcza hn mcs neprn-scs nk gunstd÷k.

Wcjneas qun mas gdgmashn jakckzc sn cgcjck. ^kgmcra ninepma hn nsta ns maqun sugnhd÷ gak nm gcugfa,nm oucka, nm pntr÷mna, mc

fcrdkc hn pnsgcha, nktrnatras. Xahas tnredkcrak. Kans ed dktnkgd÷k nm snr pnsd-edstc gak rnmcgd÷k cm luturahn mc edknråc. Gaea dkon-kdnra hn edkcs rngakazganm orck patnkgdcm qun tdnknkunstra pcås, y grna qun sdjdnk mcs ùmtdecs tnkhnkgdcssn ardnktck c mc hdsedku-gd÷k hnm prngda hn mas entcmns, kunstra lutura ns pra-edsarda.

Nstay snoura qun cgtucm-enktn eugfcs neprnscsedknrcs sn nstãk vdnkha ajmd-ochcs c taecr enhdhcs gaknm ldk hn chcptcrsn c nstnpnråaha hn dkgnrtdhuejrn y vamctdmdhch. Wuodnra qun nstas gcejdas sn fcock hnecknrc pcumctdkc, y gakukc garrngtc pmckdldgcgd÷k.Mas neprnscrdas hnjnk ta-ecr hngdsdakns cgnrtchcs, y nsta s÷ma pahrã maorcrsnnvdtckha gcnr nk nm pãkdgahn rnhugdr gastas c gaeahä muocr.

Rdnksa qun mcs neprn-scs edknrcs rnspakscjmnsqun gak nm tdnepa fck maorc-ha ukc garrngtc pmckdldgc-gd÷k scmhrãk cdrascs cktn nmldk hn mc nrc hn mas gaeea-hdtdns. Rrajcjmnenktn nstasn hnjc c qun nstcs neprn-

scs fck rncmdzcha dkvnrsda-kns nk tngkamaoåc hn puktc,nk ukc dklrcnstrugturc chn-guchc, y sn fck hatcha hnsdstnecs hn snourdhch dktn-orcm pcrc scmvcoucrhcr c sugcpdtcm fuecka. Gak rnspngta c nsta ùmtdea, gaksdhnra tcejdäk qun atra lcgtar pra- tngtar cktn nstc grdsds nsmc gcmdhch nk mc larecgd÷khn kunstras pralnsdakcmns,qudnkns ldkcmenktn snrãk masqun punhck prapargdakcr ndhncr nstrctnodcs hn hnsc-rramma.

Xaha ma cktnrdarenktnenkgdakcha s÷ma pahrã ma-orcrsn nk tckta nm Nstcha

sn fcoc pcrtågdpn y mdhnrn tahas mas pragnsas qunsujycgnk hnktra hnm sngtaredknra. Ka ajstcktn, mc luk-

gd÷k hnm Nstcha hnjn hcr-sn hn larec trckspcrnktn y gmcrc. Hnjneas gaktcrgak mnyns y pragnhdednktassdepmns, gakgdsas y gafn-rnktns, mas gucmns hnjnk hnsnr guepmdhas par tahas masednejras hn mc kcgd÷k, sdknxgnpgd÷k. Gaktceas gakprayngtas edknras qun su-pnrck mas >: edm edmmaknshn h÷mcrns y ns rncmenktnmcenktcjmn qun par nm gak-lmdgta hn dktnrnsns hn eu-gfas hdrdonktns sn vnc clng- tcha hn ecknrc knoctdvc nmpatnkgdcm sagdcm y ngak÷ed-ga hn rnodakns nenronktns.

Ka amvdhneas qun sakmcs mnyns mcs qun sastdnknkc ukc kcgd÷k y nm guepmd-ednkta hn mcs edsecs su-pakn nm ninrgdgda hn rnspak-scjdmdhch sagdcm. Nsta depmd-gc qun tahas nstneas dkva-mugrchas c ldk hn maorcr entcs gaeukns qun trcdockjdnknstcr c mc ecyar gcktd-hch hn pnrsakcs. Rcrc nsta, nm Nstcha hnjn laenktcr nm hdãmaoa y cgnrgcednk- ta nktrn neprnscs edknrcs,nstcha y gaeukdhchns, ta-eckha nk gunktc mcs hd-lnrnkgdcs gumturcmns y pra-

eavdnkha mc nqudhch sa-gdcm.

Ldkcmenktn, pdnksa qunmc gmcvn pcrc nm grngdednktasastnkdha hn kunstra pcåsns qun mugfneas pcrc ma-orcr ukc nhugcgd÷k dktnorcmnk vcmarns. Nksnóneas cmas luturas måhnrns c rnlmn- xdakcr hn ecknrc gråtdgc yc taecr junkcs hngdsda-kns. Nm nstcha hnjn dkvamu-grcrsn nk mc nhugcgd÷k y trcjcicr gak nm ninepma nkmas vcmarns hn kunstrc sa-gdnhch, c ldk hn qun mas pn-ruckas tnkoceas uk pnk-scednkta eãs samdhcrda y en-kas noagäktrdga, y qun ta-

eneas nk gunktc qun nxdstnk atrcs pnrsakcs clngtc-hcs par kunstrcs ecmcs hn-gdsdakns.

Dko. Cmjnrta Jragas Outdärrnz.



DKXZAH^GGD×K

Mc nxpmarcgd÷k hn hnp÷sdtas hnp÷rldhas hn gajrn (RGH) nk nm surhn Rnrù, guya cuon hn nxpmarcgd÷ksn dkgrnenkt÷ hnshn mas cóas >2-<2s, trcia gaea rnsumtcha mc punstc nk apnrcgd÷k hn mcs edkcs hnGnrra \nrhn, Guciakn y Xaqunpc-mc. Nk su hnscrramma sn utdmdzcrak fn-rrcednktcs tåpdgcs hn nxpmarcgd÷kpcrc nstas tdpas hn ycgdednktas, yc qun nmmas sn nkgaktrcjck ecyarenktn nxpunstas. C ldkcmns hnmas 62s y 42s kunvcs dhncs nk nmcspngta nstrugturcm, cpartcrak dk-larecgd÷k sajrn ”Wdstnecs hn Xrcksgurrnkgdc nk ukc ecronk ajmdguc― cpmdgchas c kdvnm eukhdcm nk

hdvnrsas ycgdednktas (Wymvnstnr,3466, Hnwny nt cm., 3446, WcdktJmckquct nt cm, 3446, Garjntt &Mncgf, 3446), Ldmdpdkcs (Gcrrck-zc, 3444), Wdjnrdc (Jnrzdkc nt cm,3444), nk nm kartn hn Gfdmn (Zd-gfcrhs, 3444, :227, Zdgfcrhs ntcm, :223, Ec`scnv, 3444, Xashcm& Zdgfcrhs, :223, …nktrn atras).Wn fck rnmcgdakcha mas ycgdednktas hn Gu, Gu-Cu Gu-Ea c mas sdstnecs hn lcmmcs trcksprnsdvcs y trckstnksdvcs, qun gaenkzcrak sunvamugd÷k tngt÷kdgc c enhdchas hnmIurãsdga. ^k nkscya sdedmcr sn cpmd-g÷ nk nm sur hn Rnrù gaejdkckhauk kunva nklaqun nstrugturcm hn trcksgurrnkgdc y sus hnlarecgda-kns csagdchcs0 cyuhchas hn mcs fn-rrcednktcs cnraecokätdgcs, ona-quåedgc hn ecoecs y Xngt÷kdgc.

Nstc gaejdkcgd÷k hn fnrrcednk- tcs fc rnvnmcha ukc lunrtn garrnmc-gd÷k nktrn mas gaktramns nstrugtu-rcmns hn gcepa, mcs dktnrprntcgda-kns ecokätdgcs y mas hctas ona-quåedgas hn mcs ragcs åokncs, nstuhdchcs nk mc vnrtdnktn aggdhnktcmhnm sur hn Rnrù. Mc dklarecgd÷konaquåedgc hn nmnenktas trczc(ZNN) n dsatapas hn mcs ragcs nx- trcåhcs hnm Grntãgna-Rcmn÷onka(^kdhchnsXaqunpcmc /Tcrcjcejc)fck pnredtdha dktnrprntcr mc nvamu-gd÷k ecoeãtdgc y su lunrtn rnmc-gd÷k gak nm nepmczcednkta hn RGH.

GAKXZAMNW XNGXAKAECOEÃXDGAW, ONAS^DNK ZNMCGDAK C MAW R×ZLDHAW HN G_dmmdce Ecrtåknz \cmmchcrns, Dko. On÷maoa hn Nxpmarcgdakns hn Gaksargda Edknra Fardzak

Cocpdta Wãkgfnz Lnrkãkhnz, Inln hn Onamaoåc Znodakcm hn Ckoma Rnruckc Xnrrc y Inrney Zdgfcrhs, O

ECZGA ONAM×ODGA

Mas gaktramns nstrctdorãldgas vam-gãkdgas y mcs ragcs dktrusdvcs csa-gdchas c mas RGH hn Gnrra \nrhn,Guciakn, Xaqunpcmc y Sunmmcvngagarrnspakhnk c mcs sdoudnktns ukd-hchns0 Orupa Xaqunpcmc y Wupnr-ukdhch Tcrcjcejc gak nhchnsgaeprnkhdhcs nktrn ?> Ec y <2- 623 Ec rnspngtdvcenktn (Nstrc-hc, 34?>-??, @dfdnk, 34?4, Ydke-enreckk & @dfdnk, 3467, Ecrtå-knz & Gnrvcktns, :227, Rdtgfnrnt cm, 346>).

Nm Orupa Xaqunpcmc sn fc hdvdhd-ha nk guctra larecgdakns9 Fucrc-gckn, Dkaoayc, Rcrcmcqun y Sun-

mmcvnga, nstckha nstc ùmtdec csagdc-hc c mas ycgdednktas ngak÷edgas.Nstn orupa hn ukdhchns gak gcrcg- tnråstdgcs gcmgacmgcmdkcs nstãk gae-punstcs ecyarenktn par lmuias pd-ragmãstdgas0 dokdejrdtcs, tajc mc-pdmmd, tajc jrngfc y cmoukas kdvnmnssnhdenktcrdas hn crnkdsgcs, gak-omaenrchas (Larecgd÷k Dkaoayc) y crnkdsgcs/mdeamdtcs hn cejdnktngaktdknktcm (Larecgd÷k Rcrcmc-qun). Mas gunrpas dktrusdvas csa-gdchas, sak hdardtcs y hcgdtcs parlå-rdgcs qun gartck tckta c mcs lc-gdns pdragmãstdgcs gaea snhdenk-

tcrdcs hnm Orupa Xaqunpcmc.Mcs ukdhchns dkvamugrchcs nstãk

gaktramchcs par mas sdstnec hn Lc-mmcs Dkgcpuquda (WLD) hn eavdednk- ta sdknstrcm/hnxtrcm qun sn pramak-ock cm kartn (\cmmns hn Fuckgc yGamgc)0 hakhn sn tdnkn nstuhdas rnc-mdzchas sajrn mc jcsn hn uk ckãmdsds tngtaka-nstrugturcm (Zaenra nt cm,:22:) qun pnredtnk dktnrprntcr nmWLD pcrc nm sngtar kartn gaea ukcorck nstrugturc nk lmar, mc gucm sn-råc rnsumtcha hn eavdednktas hnrueja trcksprnsdvas sdknstrcmns.

ECZGA XNGXAKA-NWXZ^GX^ZCM

Hn cgunrha gak mas gakgnptashn tngt÷kdgc hn trcksgurrnkgdc (Wym- vnstnr, 3466) nk ukc ecronk ajmd-guc mcs gucmns sak lãgdmenktn cpmd-gchas cm ecronk sur hn Rnrù, snfck nstcjmngdha hdlnrnktns hdrnggda-kns hn gakvnronkgdc hn mc pmcgcagnãkdgc hnshn nm Grntãgna supn-rdar (?2 Ec) fcstc nm prnsnktn (Rcr-ha y Eamkcr, 346?), hakhn pun-hnk snpcrcrsn par ma enkas guctra orckhns vcrdcgdakns0 nktrn mas?2-<2 Ec hn hdrnggd÷k K-W, nktrn

mas >>-8> Ec hn hdrnggd÷k K8>²,nktrn mas :>-32 Ec hn hdrnggd÷kN-A y ldkcmenktn nktrn mas 32-:2Ec hn hdrnggdak K?6². Nm hnspmc-zcednkta ns ecyarenktn hnxtrcmnktrn nm Grntãgna y nm Rcmn÷onka(ckaecmåcs 73-32) y ecyarenktnsdknstrcm nktrn nm Rcmn÷onka y nmZngdnktn (ckaecmåcs 32->). Nktrnmas <2 y >2 Ec sn nepmczcrak masectnrdcmns vamgãkdgas Rcmnagnkashnm Orupa Xaqunpcmc y nm jctamdta Tcrcjcejc, cpravngfckha nslunr-zas hdstnksdvas lareckha gunkgcs tdpa pumm-cpcrt qun sn csagdcrakc mas RGH gakagdhas nk nm sur hnRnrù (Nie. Mas Gcmctas). Nktrn mcckaecmåc :2 y 37 (72-82 Ec) mc

hdrnggd÷k hn gakvnronkgdc K8>²->2² sn ecktdnkn nstcjmn par eãs

hn 32 Ec, csagdckha p÷rldhas nknm jctamdta hn Cjckgcy. Hurcktn nmEdagnka sn tdnkn ukc gakvnronk-gdc N-A ecktnkdäkhasn nstcjmn ygak ukc ecyar vnmagdhch dkgrnenk- tchc hnshn mc ckaecmåc :3 (Fce-pnm, :22:), mas RGH cquå ardodkc-has sak gaepcrcjmns c sus sded-mcrns hnm sur nk vamùenkns hn ga-jrn ldka. Mcs gaepcrcgdakns gak mas vngtarns hn gakvnronkgdc nk Gfdmn

Dko. _dmmdce Ecrtåknz \cmmchcrns, Nxpmarc- gdakns Ornnkldnmh-Jrawkldnmh hn Gaksar- gda Edknra Fardzaktn W.C. (wecrtdknz 34<?Boecdm.gae)

Xfdnrry Wnepnrn, hnstcgcha on÷maoa n Dkvnstdochar hnm DZH hn Lrckgdc. (Xfdnrry.WnepnrnBuil-ornkajmn.lr)

Dko. Cocpdta Wãkgfnz Lnrkãkhnz, Inln hnOnamaoåc Znodakcm hn Ckoma Rnruckc Xnrrc (cocpdta.sckgfnzBcpt. gae.pn)

Inrney Zdgfcrhs, On÷maoa n Dkvnstdochar hnm Hnpcrtcenkta hn Gdnkgdcs Cteaslärd- gcs y hn mc Xdnrrc hn mc ^kdvnrsdhch hn Cmjnrtc (Inrney.rdgfcrhsBucmjnrtc .gc)

sak euy sdedmcrns cukqun mas gak tramns onaquåedgas hn mas ecoecssak euy hdlnrnktns (Ldourc 3).

Nstcs gakvnronkgdc ajmdguc (KW c K8>²) nk nm sur hn Rnrù prahu ia gdzcmmcednktas hnxtrcm/sdknstrcgak trcksprnsd÷k, ardodkckha guócspasdtdvcs (lmar) y knoctdvcs cså gaea lcmmcs dkvnrscs csagdchcs c nmmcs(… nk Guciakn-Dmcjcyc-Ruqudkc) yhnprnsdakns nstrugturcmns tdpa iaohn hdrnggd÷k KA-WN c ma mcroa hngarrnhar hnm WLD (Tcgdednkta MasGcmctas nk Eaqunouc) hnpasdtckha sngunkgdcs mcgustrns y eamcsdgcs (Larecgd÷k Watdmma) csdedseasn grncrak gunkgcs hn tdpa pumcpcrt nktrn Gceckã y Xcgkc rn

gakagdhcs c trcväs hn mcs ckaecmåcs cnraecokätdgcs gak jcic dk tnksdhch ecokätdgc (-72 c -867oceecs).

GAKXZAM NWXZ^GX^ZCM/ CNZAECOKÄXDGA

Mc supnrpasdgd÷k hn hctas ns trugturcmns y cnraecokätdgas, fcrnvnmcha ukc nxgnmnktn garrnmcgd÷knktrn nm Wdstnec hn Lcmmc Dkgcpuquda (WLD) gak hdrnggd÷k K >2-<2

Ldourc 3.- Znmcgdakns gakgnptucmns nktrn mcs hdrnggdakns hn gakvnronkgdc y mas ecyarns ycgdednktas/praspngtas hn HRG nk Rnrù y Gfdmn. Ajsärvnsn mc rnmctdvc nstcjdmd- hch y vnmagdhch hn gakvnronkgdc nk vcrdas trceas nk mcs ckaecmåcs9 72-73 K-W (?2 ->2 Ec), :>-32 K 8> N (>2-:> Ec) y 32-> N-_ (:>-32 Ec). K÷tnsn nm gcejda hn hdrnggd÷k c pcrtdr hn mas >2 Ec, y qun prãgtdgcenktn sn fc ecktnkdha fcstc mc cgtucmdhch, nsta onknr÷ ecyar gdzcmmcednkta trcksprnsdakcm, prapdgda pcrc mc onknrcgd÷k hn ycgdednktas tdpa HRG. Xaecha y eahdldgcha hn Ec`scnv y Ynktdmmd, :222.

Ldourc :.- Gaktramns nstrugturcmns nk nm sur pnrucka0 nm Wdstnec hn Lcmmcs Dkgcpuquda / Gdkgfc - Mmutc (WLD) fgaktramcha nm nepmczcednkta hn mas gunrpas åoknas csagdchas hdrngtcenktn gak mas ecyarns HRG. Nm gaktram nstrugturcns lcvarcjmn nk mc gakgnpgd÷k hn nstas hnp÷sdtas, sak gaepctdjmns gak mc onaquåedgc hn mas ectnrdcmns vamgãkdgasgcmgacmgcmdkas, enhda c cmta @

: A, cmtc lrcggdakcgd÷k y axdhcgd÷k hn sus ecoecs. Nm Orupa Xaqunpcmc (vnrhn) tdnk

nstcs gcrcgtnråstdgcs cukqun hneunstrc prnmdedkcrenktn nk sus sngunkgdcs dklnrdarns nepajrngdednkta nk nstaslcgtarns, lcmtc dkvnstdocr mc rnmcgd÷k onaquåedgc hn mcs ukdhchns pmut÷kdgcs hn Tcrcjcejc, Ruktc Gamns n Dma (raia)Eahdldgcha hn Ecrtåknz y Gnrvcktns :227.

7< Eukha Edknra Nhdgd÷k 722 - Iumda hnm :237



GAW T CNZAECOKÄXDGAWZN - W^Z HN RNZÙdnrry Wnepnrn, On÷maoa dkvnstdochar hn DZH0a n dkvnstdochar hn mc ^kdvnrsdhch hn Cmjnrtc, (Gckchã)cs dktnrprntcgdakns nstrugtu-

s cnraecokntdgcs (Ldourc 7) tnrprntcrak hnspmczcednktasaquns rnprnsnktchas par cka-cs ecokätdgcs nk hdrnggdaknsWN gak eavdednktas cpcrnk-ktn trcsgurrnktns tckta sdkds-

s gaea hnxtrcmns, nspngdcmenk-snrvchas nktrn Mc Iayc y Xcg-Ldourcs : y 7).c gaepcrcgd÷k gak mas nstu-rncmdzchas nk nm kartn hn Gfdmngumcrenktn rncmdzchcs par Zd-hs, 3444, :228 (dk prnss),cm & Zdgfcrhs, :223, Zd-hs nt cm., :223, suodnrnk qunn ukc lunrtn garrnmcgd÷k nk mcsnggd÷k hnm sdstnec Ctcgcecy Lcmmc Anstn gak cktdouas md-

ednktas rnodakcmns hn cmgckgnknktcm y gak hdrnggd÷k K_ (Wcm-346>). Nstas puktas hn dktnr-÷k gadkgdhnk gak departcktnsgdakns hn ycgdednktas hn HRGcfucsd, Nm Cjrc, Gfuqudgc-c, Mc Nsgakhdhc ntg.) cså ga-hn Ara (Nm Ouckcga, Mc Gad-Mcs dktnrprntcgdakns hn hdrng-ns hn gakvnronkgdc (Ldourc 3scnv y Ynktdmmd :222) hnshnaecmåc :3 (c >2 Ec) sn fcktnkdha ukdlarens nk hdrnggd÷kW_. Rcrc mas HRG hnm Rcmn÷-

(Rnrù/Gfdmn) mc hdrnggd÷k hnnronkgdc lun hn K-W gak jcicdhch hn gakvnronkgdc. Hurck-Nagnka mc hdrnggd÷k hn gak-

nkgdc lun K8>->2² _ gak ec-nmagdhch y uk rnmctdva pnråahamctdvc gcmec tngt÷kdgc (ecyar

Ec) qun suodnrnk ukc echu-k hnm ecoec nk mc jcsn hnrtnzc y uk pasdjmn nkrdqungd-ta nk Gu, taha nstn pragnsak ecrga gaeprnsdakcm hn gd- Gakgnptas sdedmcrns sn cpmd-k cm sur hn Rnrù0 mc pramakoc-hnm sdstnec hn lcmmcs hnm kartnfdmn Ctcgcec y Lcmmc Anstntdnkn pasdjmnenktn su garrns-dnktn gaktdkudhch1 cm kartn hnnxd÷k hn Crdgc nk nm sdstnecpuquda/Gdkgfc - Mmutc (Ea-uc-Xcgkc) y Gfcmmcvdnkta (Xcg-nstcs ùmtdecs hn tnkhnkgdc sd-rcm, garrajarcha gak hctas ns-urcmns fcmmchas nk mcs edkcsuciakn, Sunmmcvnga y Xaqun-y c ma mcroa hnm cmdkncednkta

arcednkta hn mcs edsecs. Mcprntcgd÷k cnraecokätdgc (Ld-

c 7) eunstrc mdkncednktas pc-as hn hdrnggd÷k K_-WN qunnmcgdakck gak mc trczc hn lcmmcrvchas nk tnrrnka hnm WLD. Csd-

ea sn dktnrprntcrak mdkncednk-eãs cktdouas gak hdrnggd÷k Kqun sak cpcrnktnenktn gar-s par nm WLD, y qun sak sdedmc-mas mdkncednktas ujdgchas nk(K 3:2-372², vnr Ldourc 8 ).

s dktnrgnptcgdakns cpcrnktn-tn gadkgdhnk gak nm nepmczc-ta hn mas HRG10 Gnrra \nrhn,pd, Mas Gcmctas, Fucrcgcknrcgd÷k fdhratnrecm), Guciakn,mcvnga, Xaqunpcmc n Dmcjcycrcgd÷k fdhratnrecm) (vnr Ldou- ). Nstcs gadkgdhnkgdcs rnvnmcknxdstnk dktnrgnptcgdakns pa-cmns c ma mcroa hnm sdstnec Dk-quda pcrc mc nxpmarcgd÷k par

gaea hnp÷sdtas ecyarenktnas―. Mcs ecyarns ãrncs pa-cmns hn nxpmarcgd÷k nstcråckcroa hnm sdstnec Dkgcpuquda

hn :>2 e hn makodtuh (nktrn Xcg-kc y Crnqudpc) y uk ckgfa praen-hda hn >2 `e, qun garrnspakhnk y gadkgdhnk cm ckgfa hn clmarcednktas hnm Crga Xaqunpcmc y Wupnru-kdhch Tcrcjcejc entcmatngtasdepartcktns nk mc onknrcgd÷k y ne-pmczcednkta hn mas HRG.

Fcy qun rngarhcr qun nm CrgaEcoeãtdga Oucknras gaepunstahn sngunkgdcs hn mcvcs hn gaepa-sdgd÷k ckhnsåtdga - jcsãmtdga qunclmarck c ma mcroa hn mc gastc nktrnDma y Xcgkc0 gaktdnkn ukc ldreconaquåedgc euy hdlnrnktn c su ga-rrnspakhdnktn eãs ardnktcm hnka-edkcha ”Gfagamctn― nstn umtdeaclmarcktn nk mc garhdmmnrc aggdhnktcm nktrn Crnqudpc y Xcgkc ... tck-

ta su onaquåedgc gaea nhch sakhdlnrnktns y nm Crga Oucknras hnmc gastc gak sus garrnspakhdnktnsgunrpas dktrusdvas eãs lrcggdakc-has nstãk csagdchas c mas ycgdednktas hn Gajrn, ecktas y vntcs hnfdnrra (Xåc Ecråc, Mc Mmcvn, Gckd-garc, Gnrra Gcrkcvcm, Nm Cjrc, Gn-rra Gfaeja).

Nk mc Ldourc 7 sn eunstrc hasjmaquns nstrugturcmns K_-WN gu-

yc snpcrcgd÷k gakgnptucm snråc ukc trcksngtc nktrn Dma y Eammnkha. Wndktnrprntc qun mas kdvnmns hn nra-sd÷k cm pcrngnr dklmuy÷ nk mc gaksnr- vcgd÷k hnHRG0 nm jmaqun K_ prn-snktc nk eugfas sngtarns clmarc-ednktas hnm Gaepmnia Jcscm hn mcGastc (GJG) dktnrprntãkhasn ukkdvnm hn nrasd÷k ecyar qun nm jma-qun WN … gak uk GJG qun ka clma-rc scmva cqunmmas mnvcktchas parlcmmcednktas pasdtdvas (lmar) gaeank Xcgkc (Rcmgc). Nm mnvcktcednktapasdtdva magcmdzcha nk Ruqudkc yAectn (clmarc nm gaepmnia y cm pc-rngnr gaktram÷ nm ecoectdsea hnmOrupa Xaqunpcmcnk su edorcgd÷kfcgdc nm kartn1), pcrtn hn nstn eco-ectdsea fay cusnktn sn nkgunk-

trc gaksnrvcha nk gmcstas hn mcLar-ecgd÷k Fuckgc hnm Rcmn÷onka(Gruz nt cm., :22:).Wdk nejcroa y cpcrnktnenktn nm WLD sn pramak-oc nk hdrnggd÷k KA1, gaktrdjuynk-ha cm pasdjmn nepmczcednkta trcks-mdtaslärdga hnm jctamdta hn mc gas- tc1

GAKXZAM MDXAM×ODGA/ONAS^ÅEDGA

ECOECXDWEA GZNXÃGNA-RC-MN×ONKA

Mc oäknsds hn mas ecoecs y sunxtrusd÷k gaea ragcs, tdnknk ukclunrtn dklmunkgdc nk nm nepmczcednkta hn p÷rldhas. Onknrcmenktn nstn

tdpa hn ycgdednktas sn hnscrrammcknk ecoecs gcmgacmgcmdkas gak patcsda enhda y cmtcs gakgnktrcgda-kns hn såmdgn (; <2%), csdedsea snkatck qun nstãk cmtcenktn lrcggda-kchas (Mc/Tj), nstcs gakhdgdaknspatnkgdcmns mcs gaksnrvc nm OrupaXaqunpcmc, cukqun nm gaktram nstrugturcm ns lcvarcjmn pcrc nm cm-ecgnkcednkta hn HRG, fcy qunrngarhcr qun nk cejdnktns eãs

prdedtdvas, paga lrcggdakchas y hnjcia patcsda y såmdgn gaea mcs sn-gunkgdcs iurãsdgcs hn mc gastc, mcspasdjdmdhchns hn onknrcrsn uk HRGsak paga prajcjmns, c ka snr qunsn nkgunktrnk csagdchas c eco-

ecs nvamugdakchas y clmarcktns ga-ea gunrpas sujvamgãkdgas,… nstnns nm gcsa hnm ycgdednkta Xåc Ec-råc (Ldourc >). Nm Orupa Xaqunpc-mc quåedgcenktn nstc gakstdtudhapar rdamdtcs y trcqudhcgdtcs/hcgdtcs, nk Eaqunouc mc ukdhch qunsdklrcycgn cm Orupa Xaqunpcmc nsmc Larecgd÷k Oucknras hnm Iurãsd-ga, guycs gcrcgtnråstdgcs onaquå-edgcs nstuhdchcs nk mc qunjrchc

Ldourc 7.- Ecpc Nstrugturcm/ Cnraecokätdga hnm sur pnrucka0 punhn katcrsn mc lunrtn garrnspakhnkgdc nktrn mas hctas nstrugturcmns y mcs dktnrprntcgdakns ecokätdgcs, mas hnspmczcednktas sdknstrcmns sak gakldrechas nk nm WLD nk tnrrnka. Wn dktnrprntc nm jcia kdvnm nstrugturcm nk nm jmaqun sur (Lcmmc Gagcgfcgrc,par ma qun ka clmarcråc pcrtn hnm Gaepmnia Jcscm hn mc Gastc c hdlnrnkgdc hnm jmaqun Kartn hakhn clmarc nm kndsn hn Gfcrgckd. Wn ajsnrvc mas puktas hn dktnrgnp- tcgd÷k onknrchas par mc dktnrgnpgd÷k hnm WLD (rngtãkoumas) gak mas mdkncednktas K<2 ² . K÷tnsn qun mcs gunkgcs snhdenktcrdcs dktnrprntchcs sn vdsucmdzck nk gamar czum-vnrhn y mas clmarcednktas hn ragcs ecoeãtdgcs y gaepmnia jcscm nk vcrdcgdakns hn raia c rascha (Ninepma, Czum9 gunkgc Eaqunouc). Eahdldgcha hn Ecr- tåknz y Gnrvcktns, :227.

Ldourc 8.- Gaepcrcgd÷k nstrugturcm nktrn nm kartn hn Gfdmn (nk Zdgfcrhs nt cm., :223) y nm sur hn Rnrù. K÷tnsn mcs dktnrsnggdakns nktrn nm WLD y mas mdkncednktas cnraecokätdgas qun hnspuäs hn ratchas c K<2 ² sak sdedmcrns c mas dktnrprntchas nktrn mas pcrcmnmas :3 y 72 ² (K 3:2-372 ² ). Mas ecyarns HRG tckta nk Rnrù gaea Gfdmn sn nkgunktrck gadkgdhnktnenktn nk nstcs dktnrsnggda- kns1, mas gucmns fck onknrcha uk räodenk hn gdzcmmc sdknstrcmns/hnxtrcmns y gaksngunktnenktn gunkgcs snhdenktcrdcs hn tdpa pumm-cpcrt y iaos csagdchcs (vnr jcic dktnksdhch nk gamar czum-vnrhn). Mcs cmtcs dktnksdhchns ecokätdgcs (ra-

ia) punhnk garrnspakhnr c gunrpas hnm jctamdta hn mc gastc (Tcrcjcejc, Dma,Ruktc Gamns) a jcscenkta (GJG).


7? Eukha Edknra



hnm edsea kaejrn, nstãk nk nm dktnrvcma hn ckhnsdtcs jcsãmtdgcs,ckhnsdtcs y trcqudckhnsdtcs gakpraenhda hn WdA: nktrn >: y <2% y jcia patcsda, c nxgnpgd÷k hn mcsukdhchns supnrdarns gaepunstcshn dokdejrdtcs samhchcs gak cmtapargnktcin hn WdA:9 <: c ?:%. Mcsrczakns Mck /Tjk pcrc nstas vamgã-kdgas iurãsdgas eunstrck vcmarnsnk praenhda dklnrdarns c > (lcgdnsaggdhnktcmns) c 3: (lcgdns ardnktc-mns). Nm Orupa Xaqunpcmc eunstrc vcmarns hn WdA: nktrn <> y ?>%gaeprnkhdnkha ecyarenktn mcshcgdtcs, trcqudhcgdtcs y rdamdtcs,

qun sn nkgunktrck gaea lmuias pd-ragmcstdgas (Fucrcgckn) euy sam-hchas (dokdejrdtcs) y rnstrdkodhasecktas hn mcvcs (Rcrcmcqun/Sun-mmcvnga). Mcs rczakns hn Mck /Tjk tckta pcrc mcs larecgdaknsFucrc-gckn y Sunmmcvnga (csagdchas cmas RGH) sn nkgunktrck nktrn > y3> y mc rnmcgd÷k Nuk /Nu* = 3 (nstn trcjcia, Ldourc <). Nstas hctassuodnrnk pagc lrcggdakcgd÷k hn ck-låjam y cmta nk lnmhnspctas, nsta fc-gn pnkscr nk mc pagc dklmunkgdc hncouc y jcics gakhdgdakns hn axdhc-gd÷k nk nm sdstnec. Gaepcrckhagak mas orckhns ycgdednktas hnGfdmn, sus rczakns Mck /Tjk pcrcmas dktrusdvas csagdchas nstãk nknm rckoa 32 y 72 y nk Nuk /Nu* vc-råc nktrn 2,4 y 3.3, dktnrprntãkha-sn gaea ecoecs cmtcenktn lrcg-gdakchas, fdhrctchas y gak lunrtnaxdhcgd÷k (Zdgfcrhs, 3444, :223)

Ldourcs <, ? y 6. Mas nspngtraseumtdnmnenktcmns rnmcgdakchas cmeckta prdedtdva pcrc nm Orupa Xa-qunpcmc eunstrck nepajrngd-ednkta nk Kj, Xd y Kd (= 72 ppe) y cmtcs gakgnktrcgdakns hn Rj, Zj(322-:22 ppe) y Wr (:22->22ppe). Mcs rnmcgdakns Xf/Zj tcktapcrc mcs sngunkgdcs iurãsdgcs ga-ea nm Orupa Xaqunpcmc eunstrckgarrnmcgd÷k gaea lunktns hn ard-onk sdedmcr. Gak rnspngta c ds÷ta-pas, Jadmy nt cm. (3442) eunstrc vcmarns pcrc nm Orupa Xaqunpcmc0ξKh

δ(+2,< +>,7) y ξWr

δ

Q(-?, +6)

nm gucm dkhdgc tcejdäk pagc gaktc-

edkcgd÷k hn sus ectnrdcmns hnjdhapasdjmnenktn cm paga nkorascednk- ta gartdgcm (= >2 `e), cså gaea mclunrtn dktnrcggd÷k hnm lcmmcednktamdtaslärdga hn Dkgcpuquda nk nm dktnr-gcejda hn lukhdhas nktrn nm ecktasupnrdar y mc gartnzc dklnrdar.

Nk rnsuenk mcs gakhdgdakns ona-quåedgcs gak ecoecs rnmctdvcenktn sngas, jcias kdvnmns hn axdhc-gd÷k y lrcggdakcgd÷k, pahråck snr mcgcusc hn ka fcjnr onknrcha orck-hns cgueumcgdakns hn edknrcmnshn gajrn gaea mas hnp÷sdtas od-ocktns tdpa HRG hnm kartn hn Gfdmn(Gmcr`, 3447).

Ds÷tapas

Gak rnspngta c ds÷tapas sn fckrncmdzcha cmoukas ckãmdsds hnshn mchägchc hn mas ?2s (Icens, 34?8,Jadmy nt cm, (3467 - 3442), nstas

rù,fck sdha ardodkchas pasdjmnenk tn nk jcsn c mcs gakhdgdakns ns

trugturcmns y onaquåedgcs hnm ecoectdsea mcs gucmns pahråck nkuenrcrsn9

3. Wdstnec hn Lcmmcs trcksprns vcs.

:. Dktnrsnggd÷k hn lcmmcs qun arodknk gmùstnr hn hnjdmdhch ns trugturcm.

7. Ckaecmåcs ecokätdgcs gakãrncs hn cmtc y jcic prnsd÷k(gaktrcstn hn dktnksdhch nkoceecs).

8. Gartnzc rnmctdvcenktn nkoraschc nk jcsn c mas ds÷tapas(ξKh

δ

Q- ξWr

δ ) y X dnrrcs rcrcs

(MZNN/FZNN).>. Ecoecs gcmgacmgcmdkas.<. Cmtc lrcggdakcgd÷k hn sus eco

ecs9 Mc/Tj ; 32.?. Gaepaknktn hn Gartnzc su

pnrdar.

6. Ecoecs pcrnktcmns gak ξ

Khknoctdvas.4. Cmtas vcmarns rchdaoäkdgas hn

Rj y Wr hn mas gunrpas dktrusd vas.

32. Cmtc luocgdhch, axdhcgd÷k (-+n fdhrctchas (Nuk /Nu* ; 3)

33. \nmagdhch hn sujhuggd÷k gaks tcktn.

3:. Echurcgd÷k hn mc zakc ECWF(jcsn hn mc gartnzc), nk uk räodenk trcksprnsdva.

Mc hnstruggd÷k, a ka nepmczcednkta hn ecoecs csagdchas cmas p÷rldhas hn Gu, pahråc hnjnrsn c vcrdcs gcuscs9

3. Zäodenk nxtnksdakcm9 eugfaecoectdsea y nsgcpn hn lmudhas y sumluras.

:. \nmagdhch hn sujhuggd÷k kagakstcktn.

7. Gakhdgdakns nstrugturcmns hnslcvarcjmns (ka dktnrsnggdakns)8. Gartnzc hnmochc y jcics prn

sdakns9 cklåjam ka ns rnnepmczcha par orckctn (ka fcy mjnrcgd÷k hn couc), qun onknrn ecoecs rdgas nk lmudhas y trckspartnk entcmns jcsn.

>. Ecoecs paga lrcggdakcha(Mc/Tj = 32).

<. Ecoecs pcrnktcmns sdk ukcgaepaknktn gartdgcm.

?. Orckhns nrupgdakns vamgãkgcs, qun pravaqunk nm nsgcpnhn lmudhas y sumluras.

EAHNMA XNGXAKA-ECOEÃXDGA RCZC NM W^Z

RNZ^CKA

C pcrtdr hnm Iurãsdga enhda, mc

gdkneãtdgc lun ecyarenktn trcks tnksdvc, hnxtrcm ardodkckha uk sds tnec hn crgas vamgãkdgas (Larecgd÷k Oucknras) nk nm sur pnruckaMc pmcgc sujhugtchc pasdjmnenkt tnkåc uk ecyar ãkouma, pagc vnmagdhch y nrc rnmctdvcenktn lråc, nstalun lcvarcjmn pcrc ukc ecyar pcr tdgdpcgd÷k hn mc guóc ecktämdgc, mcgucm onknra uk ecyar lmuia onatäredga y chnmoczcednkta gartdgcm. Nchnmoczcednkta mdtaslnrdga (sujshnkgdc onatäredgc) grna ukc zakcknoctdvc nk nm trcscrga gak dkornsd÷k y hnpasdtcgd÷k ecrdkc (Orupa Turc). Mas gunrpas dktrusdvas (Ruk tc Gamns - Dma) paga nxtnksas snnepmczcrak gartckha c mcs sngunkgdcs iurãsdgcs y sus gunrpas suj vamgãkdgas sak nk pcrtn rnspakscjmns hn mcs edknrcmdzcgdakns nk mc

lcic gastnrc (Xåc Ecråc, Mc MmcvnGckdgarc, ntg). Ns pasdjmn qun ns tn räodenk tngt÷kdga fcyc pnrhurcha hurcktn 62 Ec (3<2 - 62

cutarns jcschas nk vcrdcs eunstrcs hn nstas has crgas vamgãkdgaseunstrck mas sdoudnktns vcmarns dsa- t÷pdgas9

Nstas vcmarns suodnrnk qun fcyukc nvamugd÷k hnshn mcs lunktnsecktnmdgcs (eckta nepajrngdha)fcgdc mc gartnzc supnrdar. Runhn hn-gdrsn qun mas has crgas (Xaqunpc-mc-Oucknras) tdnknk jcics rnmcgda-kns hn Zj/Wr y cmtas nk We/Kh.

Mcs sngunkgdcs dklnrdarns hn mc Lar-ecgd÷k Oucknras tdnknk eãs cld-kdhch cm eckta y onaorãldgcenktnsn hdstrdjuynk nktrn Dma y Mague-jc, ednktrcs qun mcs sngunkgdcssupnrdarns hdstrdjudhas nk Mc Tc-rchc, eunstrck pasdjmnenktn eãsgaktcedkcgd÷k hn sus ecoecs1

Nm Orupa Xaqunpcmc eunstrc sd-edmcrns gcrcgtnråstdgcs0 dklnrdarnsenkas nvamugdakchcs qun mcs su-pnrdarns, nsta pasdjmnenktn pahråcdktnrprntcrsn gaea ukc lrcggdakc-gd÷k gaktdkuc hn mas ecoecs c en-hdhc qun mc gartnzc gaktdknktcm nk-orascjc nk nm tdnepa. Wd sn taecnk gunktc mcs nhchns, sn ajsnrvcqun mcs sngunkgdcs dklnrdarns hn mcLarecgd÷k Oucknras eunstrcknhchns hn 36> Ec (Jadmy, nt cm3467), ednktrcs qun mcs sngunk-gdcs enhdcs nstãk nk nm rckoa hn3>2 Ec, mcs has sngunkgdcs tdn-

knk vcmarns hn ξKhδ hdlnrnktns, de-

pmdgckha qun tdnknk pasdjmnenktnhas lunktns dsat÷pdgcs hdstdktcsnk uk mcpsa hn cpraxdechcenktn72 - 7> Ec. Nm Orupa Xaqunpcmcdklnrdar, gak nhchns hn ?> Ec, ysus kdvnmns supnrdarns hn <2 Ec, tcejdäk eunstrc has lunktns dsa- t÷pdgcs nk uk dktnrvcma hn 3> Ec,nstc prnsukgd÷k pcrc Oucknras yXaqunpcmcns tcejdäk cpaychc parmas hctas hn ξWr

δ

Q (vnr Ldourc 4).

Nk såktnsds mcs hdlnrnktns ldrecsdsat÷pdgcs suodnrnk hdlnrnktns

lunktns hn ecoec, n dkhdgck qunhnrdvcrak hn lunktns faeaoäkncs,prdedtdvcs y hn ardonk ecktämdga.Mcs pasdjmns gcuscs hn mas gce-jdas dsat÷pdgas snråck hdsgaktdkud-hchns cjruptcs nk mcs zakcs hnlusd÷k pcrgdcm c pralukhdhchns hn322 @e1 Rcrc ldkns nxpmarctardasns departcktn gakagnr nm kdvnm hngaktcedkcgd÷k y mc lunktn nk hdln-rnktns sngtarns hn mas crgas vamgã-kdgas, tnkdnkha nk gaksdhnrcgd÷kqun mas ecoecs eãs nvamugdakc-has (cmta Zj/Wr, cmta Mc/Tj y jciaWe/Kh) y gak ukc gaepaknktngartdgcm supnrdar tnkhrãk eãs pa-sdjdmdhchns hn onknrcr uk ycgdednkta edknrcm (Gceus, :227).

Cukqun sn gunktc cùk gak pa-gas hctas hn ds÷tapas hn Rj y Wr(pcrc dktrusdvas y sumluras hnm eds-

ea ycgdednkta), pcrc mcs ukdhchnsOucknras y Xaqunpcmc0 mas nstu-hdas rncmdzchas hnshn nm p÷rldha hnXaqunpcmc fcstc nm Xnkdnktn nkGfdmn (nk Gceus, :227), eunstrck qun mas orckhns ycgdednktashnkaedkchas ”odocktns―, eunstrck rczakns dsat÷pdgcs rnmctdvc-enktn eãs rchdaoäkdgcs qun mashnp÷sdtas enkarns a ecrodkcmns.Nsta hneunstrc qun mas orckhnshnp÷sdtas tdnknk ukc gaepaknktnhn gaktcedkcgd÷k gartdgcm (snc dk-lnrdar a supnrdar), y qun gaepcr- tnk sdedmcrns gcrcgtnråstdgcs pntra-m÷odgcs y hn lunktn. Cm pcrngnr nxds- tdnrak vcrdcs ntcpcs hn nepmczc-ednkta hn ecoecs pastnrdarns qun trcinrak mc edknrcmdzcgd÷k ngak÷ed-gc y qun dkgrnenktcrak nm gaktnkd-ha entãmdga y mc gaktcedkcgd÷k gar-

tdgcm, nstas sn nepmczcrak sajrnnm crga Xaqunpcmc a Oucknras.Ns departcktn katcr qun nstas

hnp÷sdtas tdpa HRG hnm sur hn Rn-

Ldourc >.- Hdsgrdedkcktn Nu k /Nu* vs Mc k /Tj k , pcrc vcrdcs eunstrcs hn gunrpas sujvamgãkdgas hn nhch iurãsdgc nktrn mas sngtarns hn Gagcgfcgrc y Mc Tcrchc.K÷tnsn mc cmtc lrcggdakcgd÷k hn mas gunrpas dktrusdvas csagdchas cm crga iurãsdga nk gaepcrcgd÷k gak mc Larecgd÷k Oucknras. Mas vcmarns Mc k /Tj k pcrc mcs sngunkgdcs iurãsdgcs eunstrck vcmarns enkarns c 6 y uk rckoa hn 2,> c 3,: pcrc Nu k /Nu*, nmma fcgn pnkscr nk ecoecs rnmctdvcenktn sngas. Mas gunrpas

sujvamgãkdgas tdnknk ukc rnmcgd÷k Mc k /Tj k nktrn 38 y :7 ma gucm hneunstrc uk

lrcggdakcednkta hn mas ecoecs lcvarcjmns c gaktnknr ycgdednktas ngak÷edgas.\cmarns hn mc Gakhrdtc hn Kc`ceurc, (34?8) pcrc mcs has rczakns, nm cmoardtea

lun taecha hn Xcymar y Ecg Mnkkck (346>). Hctas onaquåedgas nk Ecrtåknz y Gnrvcktns :227.

Ldourc <.- Hdsgrdedkcktn Nu k /Nu* vs Mc k /Tj k , pcrc vcrdcs eunstrcs vamgãkdgcs iurãsdgcs (Mcvcs) y grntãgncs (ecyarenktn dokdejrdtcs ) . Mas hctas lunrak kar- ecmdzchas c mc Gakhrdtc guyas vcmarns pcrc Mc k /Tj k suodnrnk ukc tnkhnkgdc cm lrcggdakcednkta hn cklåjam (farkcjmnkhc) vnrsus Nu k /Nu* gaea dkhdgchar hn lrcggdakcednkta hn lnmhnspctas (pmcodagmcsc/sckdhdkc). Mas vcmarns Mc k /Tj k pcrc mcs sngunkgdcs iurãsdgcs eunstrck vcmarns = > y uk rckoa hn 2,? c 3,:

pcrc Nu k /Nu* ma qun fcgn pnkscr nk ecoecs rnmctdvcenktn sngas. Mcs lcgdns Xaqunpcmc eunstrck vcmarns eãs cmtas nk Mc k /Tj k (>-3>) y jcias Nu k /Nu*(2,?-3) suodrdnkha uk rnmctdva dkgrnenkta hn mcs gakhdgdakns fåhrdgcs hn mas ecoecs. Gaepcrn gak mas vcmarns hn p÷rldhas tnrgdcrdas nk Gfdmn (Zdgfcrhs, 3444).\cmarns hn mc Gakhrdtc hn Kc`ceurc, (34?8) pcrc mcs has rczakns. Nm cmoardtea

lun taecha nk jcsn c mas nstuhdas hn Xcymar y Ecg Mnkkck (346>). Hctas onaquåedgas nk Ecrtåknz y Gnrvcktns :227.

GAKXZAMNW XNGXAKAECOEÃXDGAW, ONAS^DNK ZNMCGDAK C MAW R×ZLDHAW HN G


Ldourc ?.- Hdsgrdedkcktn Nu k /Nu* vs Mc k /Tj k , y Xf-Zj pcrc vcrdcs eunstrcs vamgãkdgcs iurãsdgcs y grntãgncs hn mas sngtarns hn Eaqunouc y Mc Gmnensd. \cmarns hn mc gakhrdtc hn Kc`ceurc, (34?8) pcrc mcs has rczakns, nm cmoardtea P*RDGX ds nepty ar gckkat jn pragnssnh. | Dk-mdkn Orcpfdg *U lun taecha hn Zdgfcrhs nt cm :223 nk jcsn c mas nstuhdas hn Xcymar y Ecg Mnkkck (346>). Hctas onaquåedgas nk Ecrtåknz y Gnrvcktns :227.



Zatctdvc Onam÷odgc

Zatctdvc Onam÷odgc

7 hchc mc gaktdkudhch nstrctdorã-ajsnrvchc nktrn Dma y Eaqun-

y sdk prnsnktcr gcejdas ona-edgas a pntraorãldgas departck-Hurcktn nm dktnrvcma grntãgna

cmn÷onka, gaednkzc nm gcejdacs gakhdgdakns ecoeãtdgcs. Mcvnronkgdc K-W, grnc uk sdstnecrcksprnsd÷k gak onknrcgd÷k hntnksa ecoectdsea gaktdknktcmpnrhur÷ par ma enkas 3> Ecy <2 Ec). Wn hnpasdtcrak n

ruynrak mas ectnrdcmns vamgãkd-hnm Orupa Xaqunpcmc y nm Jcta-hn Tcrcjcejc rnspngtdvcenk-Nstn räodenk hnxtrcm pravag÷cs hdstnksdvcs y larecgd÷k hnkgcs tdpa pumm-cpcrt-Iao, parhn sn nepmczcrak mas gunrpasusdvas csagdchas c mas ecyarnsG gakagdhas nk nm sur hn Rnrù.tnrdarenktn nktrn mas 72-82mc hdrnggd÷k hn gakvnronkgdc

K8>²

->2²

ecktnkdäkhasn nstc-par eãs hn 32 Ec ardodkckhajmnenktn mas p÷rldhas nk nm jc-a hn Cjckgcy1 Hurcktn nm Eda-a mc gakvnronkgdc N-A sn ecktu-stcjmn y gak ukc ecyar vnmagd-hn sujhuggd÷k (Fcepnm, :22:).

GAKGM^WDAKNW

m sngtar sur aggdhnktcm hn Rnrùstrc lunrtns nvdhnkgdcs pcrc pa-dcmns sdstnecs tdpa HRG gaea÷sdtas gdnoas, nm gaktram nstrug-m (WLD), ns lcvarcjmn par ma en-hnshn nm Grntãgna supnrdar nkräodenk hn trcksprnsd÷k ystnksd÷kqun lcvarngdnrak nm ne-cednkta hn ecoectdsea gcmga-mdka nk larec hn vamgckdseaunpcmc) n dktrusdvas csagdchas

cs orckåtdgcs hn mc ukdhch Tcrc-ejc).dkncednktas nstrugturcmns gakggd÷k K 8>²-<2²N gartck cm WLDkckha puktas hn dktnrgnpgd÷kãrncs cmtnrchcs y nk eugfas gc-edknrcmdzchcs … c ma mcroa hn e hn makodtuh (Xcgkc-Crnqud-

m gaktram nstrctdorãldga garrns-hn c ragcs nktrn hcgdtcs y rda-(Orupa Xaqunpcmc) y hdardtcs/

rzaeakzakdtcs (Jctamdta Tcrc-ejc) lcvarcjmns pcrc nepmczc-ktas hn HRG.as gaktramns onaquåedgas sakrcjmns nk gdnrtc enhdhc, trctãk-n hn ecoecs gcmgacmgcmdkas,gdakchas y gaktnkdha enhda c cm-n @ :A. Wak hn tdpa D, lrcggdakc-kta enhda hn sus ecoecs (Mck

k = 3>) y hn jcic gaktcedkcgd÷khδ(+2,< +>,7) y ξWr

δ

(-? +6).

m nstuhda onaquåedga y hn ds÷ta-c ma mcroa hn nstcs ukdhchns pun-yuhcr c hnsgcrtcr ecoecs gaks prajcjdmdhchns hn fcjnr onkn-

a ycgdednktas edknrcmns.

COZCHNGDEDNKXAW

C mcs pnrsakcs hn Cocpdta Wãk-z Lnrkãkhnz y Asgcr Rcmcgdaskgcya nx Hdrngtar hn mc Gcrtcm÷odgc Kcgdakcm y Hdrngtar On-cm hn Onamaoåc rnspngtdvcenktnONEENX, par su cpaya hnsdktn-cha nk ed larecgd÷k gaea on÷-

rnodakcm nktrn mas cóas 344722<, pcrc mc gaeprnksd÷k ona-÷kdgc, nstrctdorãldgc y ecoeãtd-nm tnrrdtarda pnrucka.

C Rdnrrn Wamnr (DZH-Rnrù) pargaenktcrdas y hdsgusdakns sa-ecoectdsea nk nm sur hn Rn-Hn doucm eaha c Mcurnkgn Cu-

hdk (DZH-Rnrù), par mcs hdsgusdaknsnk mc tngt÷kdgc cgtucm hnm Wdstnechn Lcmmcs Dkgcpuquda.

C Xfdnrry Wnepnrn (DZH-Rnrù),par mcs hdsgusdakns nk gcepa y oc-jdkntn, hn mcs sngunkgdcs pcmnazad-gcs, iurãsdgcs y grntãgncs nk nm surhn Rnrù.

Rar umtdea c mas On÷maoas Lrnhy Crgas C, Iafk Gnrvcktns, Gfrds- tdck \crocs, Zujäk Ececkd, Hcr-wdk Zaenra y mc Hrc. Edrdce Ec-eckd par su cpaya nk gcepa y mcslrugtålnrcs gakvnrscgdakns sajrnmas gaktramns tngtakaecoeãtdgas y

onaquåedgas hnm sur pnrucka.3 Cmoukcs nhchns supnrdarns c 62

Ec, garrnspakhnk c hdardtcs y ”oc- jras― prnsnktns nk nm kùgmna hn mc

Wupnrukdhch (Mc Gdecrrakc-Xa- qunpcmc) qun punhnk garrnspakhnr c cktdouas gunrpas qun lunrak rn- lukhdhas pcrc hcr ectnrdcmns eãs hdlnrnkgdchas9 Orckahdardtcs qun lareck mc ecyaråc hn nstc ukdhch.

: Ecoec, csdedmcgd÷k, faeaonkdzc- gd÷k, cmecgnkcednkta.

7 Nstã jcscha nk mcs hctcgdakns jda- nstrctdorãldgcs hn mc Larecgd÷k Oucknras hnshn nm Jctfakdcka fcstc nm Grntãgna supnrdar9 ukc hctc- gd÷k hnm tapn nk ?6 Ec, dkenhdctc- enktn hdsgarhcktn jcia mas patnk- tns lmuias pdragmãstdgcs hnm Orupa

Xaqunpcmc (Eaqunouc). Mc rcz÷k parqun cfarc sn gaksdhnrc c nstc ukdhch fcstc cm Grntãgna, ns par gaktdkudhch nstrctdorãldgc, onaquå- edgc y pntraorãldgc.

Ldourc 4.- Hdcorcec hn garrnmcgd÷k dsat÷pdgc 387 Kh/ 388 Kh vs 6? Wr/ 6< Wr (Kh vs Wr), eastrckha mcs rnmctdvcs pasdgdakns hn mas hctas dsat÷pdgas hn mcs ukdhchns Oucknras y Xaqunpcmc. Ajsnrvn qun mcs ukdhchns enkgdakchcs ka eunstrck sdo- kas hn gaktcedkcgd÷k gartdgcm1, sdnkha sus sngunkgdcs supnrdarns eãs cmnichcs hnm eckta nepajrngdha. Mcs hdlnrnktns ldrecs dsat÷pdgcs suodnrnk hdlnrnktns lunktns hn ecoec, n dkhdgck qun hnrdvcrak hn lunktns faeaoäkncs y prdedtdvcs hn ardonk ecktämdga. Hctas hn Jadmy nt cm, (3467). Hdcorcec hn Zammdksak, 3447, hctas dsat÷pdgas nk Ecrtåknz y Gnrvcktns :227.

Ldourc 6.- Hdcorcec Mc/Tj vs WdA:0 mcs gakgnktrcgdakns Mc/Tj pcrc n m Orupa Xaqunpcmc vcråck nktrn > y 3> gak vcrdcgdakns pcrc WdA: nktrn >2 y ; ?2%. Aj- särvnsn qun Mc/Tj pcrc mas ycgdednktas hn Gfdmn sn nkgunktrck nk nm rckoa nktrn 32 y ; 72. Hctas onaquåedgas nk Ecrtåknz y Gnrvcktns :227.

DGAW T CNZAECOKÄXDGAWJZN - W^Z HN RNZÙ

Rrayngta Zcsufudmgc nstã ujdgcha nk nm crga vamgãkdga ckhdka hnm sur hn Rnrù. Wn gakstdtuyn hn guctra gakgnsdakns (Rctcgckgfc Ka. 3 cm 8) qun cjcrgck uk tatcm hn

:.?<> fngtãrncs.

C\CKYC RZATNGXA HNNVRMAZCGD×K HN AZA T RMCXC

NK CTCG^GFAXrcjcias nk prayngta Zcsufudmgc hnmc custrcmdckc Mcgakdc Znsaurgns hdn-rak sus prdenras rnsumtchas. Gunktcgak rngursas par 7<2,222 taknmchcs.

Mc custrcmdckc Mcgakdc Znsaurgns Mdedtnh dklare÷ qunmmno÷ c uk cgunrha pcrc mas hnrngfas hn cggnsa y mc gakstruggd÷k hn dklrcnstrugturc hn nxpmarcgd÷k nk Tckcec, ukchn mcs trns gaeukdhchns ujdgchcs nk nm ãrnc hn depcgtahn su prayngta hn ara y pmctc, Zcsufudmdgc, ujdgcha nkCycgugfa.

Gaea sn rngunrhc, Mcgakdc Znsaurgns gaepr÷ nm prayngta c mc neprnsc Oamh Edkns al Rnru Mdedtnh nk iukda hnmcóa pcscha. C mc lngfc, cmjnroc rngursas cgtucmdzchas hn7<2,222 taknmchcs, qun nk hntcmmn alrngnk 3,4?o/t hnara y 3?4o/t hn pmctc.

Zcsufudmgc, qun sn ujdgc nk nm crga vamgãkdga ckhdka hnmsur hn Rnrù, nstã gakstdtudha par guctra gakgnsdakns (Rc- tcgckgfc Ka. 3 cm 8) qun cjcrgck uk tatcm hn :.?<> fngtã-rncs. Chneãs, ns departcktn dkhdgcr qun gunktc gak nstu-hda hn vdcjdmdhch rncmdzcha nm cóa :226, par mc gaksumtarcOnaedk Gaksumtckts Mdedtnh.

Nk guckta c su onamaoåc, Mcgakdc Znsaurgns dkhdg÷ qunmc edknrcmdzcgd÷k hn ara y pmctc nk nm ãrnc ns tåpdgc hn cmtcsumlurcgd÷k npdtnrecm hn edknrcmdzcgd÷k hn nstdma. Csdedsea,sastuva qun nm eniar gunrpa edknrcmdzcha hnscrrammcha nknm prayngta ns mc zakc Zcsufudmgc (qun cmjnroc mc nstdecgd÷khn rngursas nxdstnktns), y qun fc sdha nxpmarcha hn ecknrcsujtnrrãknc, dktnkscenktn nk su pcrtn gnktrcm hn :>2entras hn mcroa. Nk nsn pukta, tdnkn ukc nxtnksd÷k vnrtdgcmhn cm enkas 362 entras y cmgckzc uk nspnsar hnshn 3?fcstc 82 entras nk ukc snsd÷k cjruptcenktn sur-fukhdnk-ha. Mcs mnyns praenhda hn eunstrna par gckcm sujtnrrãknasak cmrnhnhar hn : o/t hn ara y 36> o/t Co.

Nk mc cgtucmdhch mc neprnsc pcrtdgdpc cgtdvcenktn nkmc gakstruggd÷k hn rnmcgdakns hn trcjcia gak mcs gaeukdhc-hns hnm ãrnc hn dklmunkgdc hnm prayngta. Wnoùk mc neprnsccustrcmdckc, uka hn mas ajintdvas ns gaeukdgcr y nhugcrcgnrgc hn mas pmckns hn hnscrramma sastnkdjmn qun tdnkn pmc-knchas nk mc zakc, y mas jnknldgdas qun nstc atarocrã.

Mcgakdc Znsaurgns gaepr÷ nm prayngta c Oamh Edkns al Rnru Mded- tnh nk iukda hnm cóa pcscha. Cgtucmenktn, cmjnroc rngursas vdonktns hn 7<2.222 taknmchcs, qun nk hntcmmn alrngnk 3,4?o/t hn ara y 3?4o/t hn pmctc.


74 Eukha Edknra




83 Eukha Edknra

k ma qun sn vc gakvdrtdnkha nk ukc de-cktn gdtc fcjdtucm, nm nstuhda Mcuj &ckhråc arockdz÷ par snoukha cóa suta guejrn9 nm Håc hn mc Nknroåc :237.eprnscrdas hnm sngtar pùjmdga y prd-

a, dkvnrsdakdstcs, nxpnrtas kcgdakc-nxtrckinras gaepcrtdnrak nxpnrdnk-y hnjctdnrak mc rncmdhch nknroätdgc

uckc. Nm prdkgdpcm gaksnksa lun, sdkc, mc kngnsdhch hn ukdr lunrzcs nkgumcr uk trcjcia eumtdsngtardcm qunuin kunstra grngdednkta.

Rcrc Icden Sudickhråc, nx edkdstra hnroåc y Edkcs y sagda hnm Nstuhda Mcujudickhråc, nm sngtar nknroätdga hn Rnrùnsdtcråc dkvnrsdakns par W$ 72.222akns fcgdc nm :2:2 pcrc nvdtcr nm

jcstngdednkta nk nm pcås. ”Gaea puk-n pcrtdhc fneas ckcmdzcha has ns-crdas pasdjmns. ka nm rnlnrdha c masyngtas hnscrrammchas y nm atra c masschas―, dkhdg÷.

Sudickhråc snócm÷ qun mas prayngtasnm oajdnrka tdnkn qun hnscrrammcr hn

c cm :2:2 yc nstãk dhnktdldgchas nks mcs lunktns. Wn trctc hn mc nmngtrdgd-ocs y pntr÷mna. ”Nstas nstãk dhnktd-

has nk hdlnrnktns ntcpcs, y nsa nsaga ma qun lcmtc, fcy ukas qun tdn-sdepmnenktn mc ntdquntc y atraska tdnknk pnredsas―, hntcmm÷.k tcm snktdha, sastuva qun nstã cjdnr-crc qun mas pr÷xdeas hdnz cóas snck mas nslunrzas kngnscrdas y sn dk-c eãs nk nstn sngtar. ”Tc ka jcstcukc dkvnrsd÷k hn W$ <.222 y W$22 edmmakns, kngnsdtceas eãs―,mt÷.

Has nsgnkcrdas

Guãmns sak nsas : nsgnkcrdas1 Nm Dko.hara Ecyaroc, Wagda hnm nstuhda, pmck-cmoukas supunstas fcgdc nm :2:2. Hnenhdcr kchc nxtrcarhdkcrda, nm RJD sn-c grngdnkha c ukc tcsc hnm >%0 nm

gda hnm pntr÷mna sn ecktdnkn nk W$0 nm prngda hnm ocs nstcrã dklmunkgdc-ar nm hnscrramma hnm ocs hn nsqudstaN.^^0 mc prahuggd÷k hn fdhragcrju-snrã sama nk jcsn c rnsnrvcs prajc-y prajcjmns0 mc nxpartcgd÷k hn ocsdkùc snoùk nm gaktrcta hn Rnrù-MKO.

Cktn nmma y sdk hngdsdakns pamåtdgcs kdsnksas eumtdsngtardcmns kas vnrneashnkchas c uk prdenr nsgnkcrda knoc-mc prahuggd÷k hn ocs y MKO qunhc

rdkodhc c mc gcpcgdhch hn mas hugtasOR, mc eahnrkdzcgd÷k hn mcs rnldknråcs

n pnkhdnktn y mc prahuggd÷k hn pn-na hngmdkc fcstc kdvnmns dkscmvcjmns.Rar nm gaktrcrda, gak hngdsdakns hn dk-÷k c mcroa pmcza (vdtcmns pcrc hnscrra-

prayngtas nknroätdgas), nm sngtar pa-cmgckzcr mc hneckhc. Znldknråcs ea-

kcs, prahuggd÷k hn gruha nk cuenk-gak cpartn sdokdldgctdva hn kunvcs dk-dakns hnm Karanstn y Coucytåc0 y gakunva Ocsahugta qun cuenktn mc pra-gd÷k pnruckc hn ocs y MKO.s eaenkta hn taecr mcs hngdsdakns.eas c tdnepa.

ak äxdta sn rncmdz÷ mc snoukhchdgd÷k hnm Håc hn mc Nknroåcneckhc nknroätdgc cuenktc gak nm grngd-

ednkta hn kunstra ngakaeåc. Wn kngnsdtcrãkkvnrsdakns par ^W$ 72,222 edmmakns cm :2:2d ka qunrneas qun nm trnk hnm hnscrramma sn

as pcsn. Nvnkta lun nm nspcgda dhncm pcrc hds-utdr nstn y atras tnecs.

Cktfaky Mcuj, sagda hn Mcuj & Sudickhråc0 Muds Gcrrckzc,nx edkdstra hn Ngakaeåc0 Jnctrdz Enrdka, Rrnsdhnktc hn mc Wagdnhch Rnruckc hn Fdhragcrjuras0 Icden Sudickhråc, nx

edkdstra hn Ngakaeåc y Nknroåc y Edkcs0 Dvãk Mcknorc, nx \dgnedkdstra hn Dktnrgumturcmdhch0 Gfrdstdck Mcuj, Onrnktn hn mc Jckgc hn Dkvnrsd÷k Znodakcm hn Grnhdgarp, nktrn atrcs pnrsakcmdhchns sn hdnrak gdtc.

Iuck Edounm Gcya, Hdrngtar hn Znoumcgd÷k pcrc Ceärdgc Mctdkc hn NKNM-NKHNWC0 Nmnahara Ecyaroc Cmjc, Wagda hn Mcuj & Sudickhråc0 Ldhnm Icrcedmma, rnprnsnktcktn rn-

sdhnktn hnm Jckga Dktnrcenrdgcka hn Hnscrramma (JDH)0Muds Artdocs, Rrnsdhnktn hn Rntrupntra W.C0 Onreãk Id- eäknz, Onrnktn Onknrcm hn Rmuspntram - Rnrù.



Mc cgtdvdhch edknrc fchnicha fdst÷rdgcenktn pcsd- vas cejdnktcmns qun tdnknkuk depcgta hdrngta sajrn mas

rngursas fåhrdgas. ^k en-hda nspngdcmenktn vumknrcjmnc nstc gaktcedkcgd÷k sak mascguålnras ckhdkas hnjdha csu ujdgcgd÷k gnrgckc c nstas puktas hn ldmtrcgd÷k hngaktcedkcktns.

Mc gaktcedkcgd÷k hnshnuk jatchnra edknra ns ukprajmnec snksdjmn pcrc nmpcås par mc gcktdhch hn pc-sdvas cejdnktcmns edknras(RCE) qun tdnkn nm Rnrù0 chn-eãs cm trctcrsn hn coucssujtnrrãkncs nstn prajmn-ec ka sn fcgn vdsdjmn cm garta pmcza, rntrcsckha mc taechn hngdsd÷k pcrc mc ningu-gd÷k hn enhdhcs hn prnvnk-

gd÷k, gaktnkgd÷k y rnenhdc-gd÷k.

Mas jatchnras y rnmcvn-rcs gakstdtuynk lunktns ldicshn hntnredkchc supnrldgdnhnshn mc gucm sn onknrc ukcpmuec gaktcedkcktn. Mc rn-enhdcgd÷k hn cguålnras gak- tcedkchas rnqudnrn hn hdln-rnktns enhdhcs ardnktchcsprdkgdpcmenktn cm cdsmcednkta hn mc pmuec gaktcedkcktn pcrc nvdtcr su cvckgn. Ns- tn cdsmcednkta sn rncmdzc en-hdcktn pazas hn jaejna qunnxtrcnk nm gaktcedkcktn nkhdsamugd÷k. Enhdhcs pastn-

Eahnmcednkta hn Xrckspartn hn Gaktcedkcktns hn JatchNspngdcm pcrc E^KHA EDKNZA par9 Wcùm Eaktayc Fnrnhdc, E.Wg. Fdh

rdarns gaeprnkhnk nm trctc-ednkta dk sdtu hn mcs coucsgaktcedkchcs y hnpnkhdnk-ha hn mc lcgtdjdmdhch ngak÷-

edgc y tägkdgc, mc rndkyng-gd÷k hn mcs coucs trctchcscm cguålnra.

Guckha sn jusgc gaktn-knr mc pmuec, sn jaejncpnrecknktnenktn nm gcuhcmeåkdea kngnscrda pcrc nvdtcr mc edorcgd÷k hn gaktced-kcktns nk nm snktdha hnm lmuiasujtnrrãkna magcm sdk sajrnnxpmatcr cm cguålnra. Nm äxdtahn mc tägkdgc hn Jaejna yXrctcednkta hnpnkhn prdk-gdpcmenktn hn has lcgta-rns9 mcs gcrcgtnråstdgcs fd-hraonam÷odgcs hnm cguålnra y nm tdpa hn gaktcedkcktnsprnsnktns. Mcs prapdnhc-hns fdhraonam÷odgcs hnm sds-

tnec qun hdsedkuynk nm äxd- ta hnm Jaejna y Xrctcednk- ta sak has9 fntnraonkndhchhnm cguålnra y mc prnsnkgdchn ragc lrcgturchc.

Nk dkvnstdocgdakns mmnvc-hcs c gcja par nm Hr. G.Yfnko, gctnhrãtdga hn fdhra-onamaoåc hn mc ^kdvnrsdhchhn Cmcjcec nk Nstchas kd-has y hnscrrammchar hn uksaltwcrn hn eahnmcednktahn trckspartn hn samutasEX7HEW sn suodnrnk guctra pcsas pcrc mc nmcjarc-gd÷k hn ukc nvcmucgd÷k ku-eärdgc hn trckspartn hn gak-

tcedkcktns9

q Hnldkdr mcs entcs hnm prayngta.

q Hnscrrammcr nm eahnmagakgnptucm. Zngapdmcgd÷khn hctas.

q Nmcjarcr y gcmdjrcr eahn-ma kueärdga hn lmuia. Nmc-jarcr y gcmdjrcr nm eahn-ma kueärdga hn trckspartn.

q Wdeumcgd÷k prnhdgtdvc hnnsgnkcrdas hn rnenhdc-gd÷k.

Nstas pcsas sn nsqunec- tdzck nk nm sdoudnktn lmuiaorc-ec (vnr ldourc 3).

Cktns hn nepnzcr gucm-

qudnr eahnma sn hnjn tn-knr nk gmcra guãm ns a guã-mns sak mas ajintdvas c masqun sn qudnrn mmnocr gak nmnstuhda y guãm nm prap÷sdta hnm eahnmcednkta, gaeapunhn snr9 hnmdedtcr nm ãrncclngtchc par mc pmuec gaktcedkcktn, nvcmucr mc gcmd-hch hn mcs coucs sujtnrrã-kncs, rncmdzcr sdeumcgdaknsprnhdgtdvcs hn mcs gakgnktrcgdakns eãxdecs, ntg. Mcecyaråc hn hngdsdakns rn-qunrdhcs hurcktn mc gakstruggd÷k y sdeumcgd÷k hnm ea-hnma hnpnkhn hn nstn pukta. Wd ka sn tdnkn uk prap÷sdta gmcra y jdnk hnldkdha, nsdknvdtcjmn mc dknldgdnkgdc y masnrrarns nk nm pragnsa hn ea-hnmcednkta kueärdga.

Xnkdnkha nk gmcra nm ajintdva, hdsnóceas nm eahnmagakgnptucm. Nm eahnma gak-gnptucm ns ukc rnprnsnktc-gd÷k sdepmdldgchc hnm sdstn-ec fdhraonam÷odga jcschank ukc fdp÷tnsds lareumchcnk jcsn c mc dklarecgd÷k hds-pakdjmn. Cukqun rcrcenktnnstn eahnma nxpmdgc tahcsmcs ajsnrvcgdakns hn gce-pa, rnprnsnktc uk trcjcia nkpragnsa y ukc junkc prden-rc nstdecgd÷k hnm nstcha hnmcs coucs sujtnrrãkncs. Ns- tn eahnma punhn snr hnsgrd-

ta nk pcmcjrcs y sustnktchank ldourcs (vnr ldourc :) ga-ea mc sdoudnktn nk mc qun

sn eunstrc uk nsqunec hnmlmuia hnshn uk jatchnra nkmc pcrtn cmtc hn mc gunkgc ysus dkldmtrcgdakns nstãk de-

pcgtckha has råas.Nk jcsn c nstuhdas hn

gcepa y mc gakgnptucmdzc-gd÷k hn enhda sn gakstruynnm eahnma kueärdga. Nk nstn pukta, ns hn eugfc de-partckgdc tnknr uk junk nk- tnkhdednkta hn mas gakgnptas jãsdgas hn fdhraonama-oåc y mcs tägkdgcs hn samu-gd÷k kueärdgcs hn atra ea-ha sn uscråc nm eahnma ga-ea ukc ”gcic knorc― hakhnka sn scjn ma qun nktrc ysn tdnkn pagc gakldckzc nkma qun scmn.

Nk mc deconk sdoudnktn(vnr ldourc 7) sn tdnkn ukc

rnprnsnktcgd÷k trdhdenksda-kcm hn ukc ordmmc qun hnsgrd-jn ukc gunkgc gak uk jatc-hnra edknra.

Rcrtdnkha hn nstc rnprn-snktcgd÷k hn lmuia sn hnmded- tc mc zakc hn nstuhda pcrcnm eahnma hn trckspartn. (vnr ldourc 8) k eahnmchar pa-hråc qunrnr dkgmudr mc ecyargaepmnidhch cm eahnma pcrceniarcr mc rnprnsnktcgd÷k0sdk nejcroa, sajrngcrocrhn gaepmnidhch cm eahnma dk-grnenktc mc dkgnrtdhuejrn,nm tdnepa gaeputcgdakcm hnpragnsa y nm gasta hnm prayngta, yc qun mc ecyar gae-pmnidhch hneckhc tnknr eãshctas rncmns qun ma sustnk- tnk rnqudrdnkha eãs prun-jcs nk gcepa y/a hn mcja-rctarda. Wdk ukc junkc pmc-kdldgcgd÷k, mc dkgmusd÷k hngaepmnidhchns punhn rntrc-scr nm prayngta y ka snr luk-hcenktcm pcrc maorcr mas ajintdvas pmcktnchas.

Mc zakc hn depcgta c mcscoucs sujtnrrãkncs ns jdnkhnsgrdta par nm trczcha hn må-kncs hn lmuia, (vnr ldourc >) ns hngdr mc rutc qun sdounukc pcrtågumc hn couc hnshnuk pukta hn ardonk fcstc suscmdhc hnm sdstnec hn coucssujtnrrãkncs. Hcvdh _. Ra-

mmag`, hnm Wnrvdgda Onam÷od-ga hn mas Nstchas ^kdhas(^WOW), hnscrramm÷ nm g÷hdoa

EAHRCXF qun pnredtn fcgnr ukc rnprnsnktcgd÷k nspcgdcm y tneparcm hn mc trc yngtardc hn pcrtågumcs fcstcmas puktas hn hnsgcroc ldkcmns (råas, mcoas, u atras gunrpas hn couc).

Enhdcktn nm saltwcrnEAHRCXF pahneas hntnredkcr mc zakc hn depcgtapar nm lmuia hn uk gaktcedkcktn coucs crrdjc (vnr ldourc <) y nm tdnepa qun tcrhc ukc pcrtågumc nk mmnocrhnshn su ardonk fcstc supukta ldkcm0 sdk nejcroa kans ukc cpraxdecgd÷k gucktd tctdvc, ns hngdr gakagneasmc nxtnksd÷k hn mc pmuec pnra ka nm orcha hn gaktcedkcgd÷k rnspngta c mc gakgnk trcgd÷k dkdgdcm hn mas mdxdvdchas.

Nm g÷hdoa EX7HEW hnscrrammcha par Yfnko cornocukc snrdn hn apgdakns c mc trcyngtardc hn pcrtågumcs hnRammag`, pcrc sdeumcr mc ch vnggd÷k, hdspnrsd÷k/hdlu

sd÷k y mcs rncggdakns quåedgcs hn chsargd÷k/cjsargd÷k hn mas gaktcedkcktns

Ldourc 3.- Zutc pcrc mc cpmdgcgd÷k hn eahnmas.Ldourc :.- Eahnma gakgnptucm hn mcs dkldmtrcgdakns hn uk jatchnra.

Ldourc 7.- Gakstruggd÷k hn uk eahnma rnodakcm hn coucssujtnrrãkncs y mc ujdgcgd÷k hn uk jatchnra .

Wcùm Eaktayc, Dkonkdnra Gdvdm norn

scha hn mc kdvnrsdhch Gct÷mdgc hnRnrù gak nstuhdas hn pastorcha nkEcknia n Dkonkdnråc hn ZngursasFåhrdgas (Rraorcec _CZNE) hn mc^kdvnrsdhch hn Wtuttocrt - Cmneckdc. Ns fdhraon÷maoa hn Gaksumtarc ODHCFCXCZD. GaktcgtascumeaktaycBodhcfctcrd.gae




Zatctdvc Enhda Cejdnktn

Zatctdvc Enhda Cejdnktn

s Edknras y Hnp÷sdtas hn Znmcvnsn÷maoa Wnkdar / Eahnmchar Kueärdga

cs coucs sujtnrrãkncs.

m eahnmcednkta hn trcks-n hn gaktcedkcktns gae-

enktc c mas eätahas hnnrcjdmdhch parqun sn pun-nstdecr mc gakgnktrcgd÷kucmqudnr pukta, mmcecha

kta hn ajsnrvcgd÷k hnmhnma― nk taha nm tdnepaumcha. Nstas vcmarns hngnktrcgd÷k sak gaktrcs-as gak mas vcmarns hn en-akns nk gcepa hn mcs gak-trcgdakns enhdcs nk pdn-ntras hn gaktram, a nkgunrpas hn couc gnrgc-.

k mc ldourc cktnrdar snnstrc mc vcrdcgd÷k hn mcgnktrcgd÷k nk mc pmuecdkdgdc hnshn nm jatchnra

7H y su dktnrcggd÷k gak Ldourc 8.- Gakstruggd÷k hn uk eahnma magcm pcrc mc sdeumcgd÷k hn trckspartn hn gaktcedkcktns.

Ldourc ?.- Wnggd÷k hn gartn hn mc pmuec gaktcedkcktn pcrc uk pnrdaha hn sdeumcgd÷k hn 6>2 cóas.

gursas hn couc pcrc ukaha mcroa hn sdeumcgd÷k6>2 cóas.

cs dkldmtrcgdakns tdnknkhdstrdjugd÷k gak pra-

dhch qun tcejdäk sn pun-sdeumcr gak nm saltwc-EX7HEW. Hn nstc ec-c sn punhnk scjnr mcsgnktrcgdakns nk nm jatc-a y/a hnp÷sdta hn rnmc-

y mcs gakgnktrcgdakns ld-s gak mcs qun mmnocrãk cgursas hn couc sujtn-

knc.

k gakgmusd÷k, nxdstnkahamaoåcs y saltwcrn pc-c nvcmucgd÷k hnm trcks-tn hn gaktcedkcktns hnchnras y hnp÷sdtas hnvns y pcrc sdeumcgd÷kcs enhdhcs hn rnenhdc-. Wn kngnsdtc uk trcjc-akiukta nktrn edknrcsockdseas pùjmdgas pc-c nvcmucgd÷k, rnenhdc- y edtdocgd÷k hn mas pc-s cejdnktcmns cgtucmnsst÷rdgas hn ecknrc hnarcr nm nstcha hn mcs

cs sujtnrrãkncs y su-ldgdcmns y prnsnrvcr nmursa fåhrdga pcrc nm lu-a.

Ldourc <.- Nxtnksd÷k hn mc pmuec gaktcedkcktn munoa hn 6>2 cóas hn mc dkstcmcgd÷k hnm

jatchnra.

Ldourc >.- Xrcyngtardc hn pcrtågumcs hnshn uk jatchnra y su dktnrcggd÷k gak mas gursas hn couc.

_dkstak Mnwds, Onrnktn hn Rrahuggd÷k rnspakscjmn hnm tùknm Ruktc Amåepdgc, nxpmdg÷ qun nm prayngta hn rnutdmdzcgd÷k hn couc hn mc ajrc pnredtd÷ cfarrcr nm <>% hnm couc gcptchc hn lunktns kcturcmns.

Ahnjrngft pcrtdgdp÷ nk nmLara Dktnrkcgdakcm hn Omcgdcrns

Gaepcrtd÷ mc nxpnrdnkgdc qun sdokdldg÷mc gakstruggd÷k hn mc Gcrrntnrc Gcr-fucz-Gfcgcs-Wck Muds. Corno÷ qun mcajrc ka mn sdokdldg÷ ecyar depcgta cmcejdnktn omcgdcr, y chneãs gakt÷ gakuk kavnhasa pragnsa hn rnutdmdzcgd÷khnm couc.

Nk nm ecrga hnm Lara Dktnrkcgdakcm hn Omcgdcrns,nm Gaksargda \dcm Gcrfucz - Wck Muds, neprnsc hn mcarockdzcgd÷k Ahnjrngft c gcroa hn mc Gcrrntnrc Gcr-fucz - Gfcgcs - Wck Muds, csnour÷ qun nstc dklrcns-

trugturc, qun ctrcvdnsc mc Garhdmmnrc Jmckgc c 8,?76e.s.k.e, ns mc qun enkas depcgta tdnkn sajrn mcrdqunzc hn mas knvchas ckgcsfdkas.

C trcväs hnm Dko. _dkstak Mnwds, Onrnktn hn Rra-huggd÷k rnspakscjmn hnm tùknm Ruktc Amåepdgc, qudnkprnsnkt÷ mc paknkgdc ”Dkvnrsd÷k sastnkdjmn nk gak-

tnxta hn rntragnsa omcgdcr―, mc neprnsc jrdkh÷ hn- tcmmns sajrn nm prayngta hn rnutdmdzcgd÷k hn couc nknm enkgdakcha tùknm, qun pnredtd÷ cfarrcr nm <>%hnm couc gcptchc hn lunktns kcturcmns.

Mnwds gaepcrtd÷ mas hnsclåas qun nklrnkt÷ mc gakstruggd÷k hn mc våc, qun fay gruzc 88 `e hnm RcrqunKcgdakcm Fucsgcrãk, nktarka kcturcm hn orck vcmar

qun gdrgukhc omcgdcrns, lcmmcs y knvchas. Chneãs,rnscmt÷ mc departckgdc hn mcs cutavåcs pcrc dktnorcrmas punjmas cm hnscrramma.

Nm Onrnktn hn Rrahuggd÷k hnm Gaksargda Gcrfucz- Wck Muds nxpmdg÷ g÷ea trcs uk rdourasa nstuhda, snhntnredk÷ qun nm tùknm hn gaknxd÷k c Gfcgcs snningutcråc nk ukc zakc hn orck cmtdtuh, cmtnrkctdvcqun depmdg÷ uk pragnsa gakstrugtdva eãs gaepmniapnra qun c mcroa pmcza prnsnktcjc eùmtdpmns jnkn-ldgdas.

NWL^NZYA CEJDNKXCM

Hnm 3 cm 8 hn iumda sn rncmdz÷ nk Fucrcz nm Lara Dk- tnrkcgdakcm Omcgdcrns, qun nstn cóa tuva gaea tåtuma9”Zntas hn mc dkvnstdocgd÷k cm snrvdgda hn mc sagdnhchnk nm ecrga hnm gcejda gmdeãtdga―.

Nstn nvnkta, arockdzcha par mc Cutardhch Kcgdakcmhnm Couc, tdnkn par ajintdva prapargdakcr ukc pmctc-larec pcrc nm dktnrgcejda hn nxpnrdnkgdcs y prãgtd-gcs hn omcgdamaoåc, gmdectamaoåc n fdhramaoåc, cså gaeamc nmcjarcgd÷k hn conkhcs hn dkvnstdocgd÷k pcrc nmnstcjmngdednkta hn nstrctnodcs hn chcptcgd÷k cm gce-jda gmdeãtdga.


87 Eukha Edknra



Zatctdvc

Znspakscjdmdhch Wagdcm

Zatctdvc

Znspakscjdmdhch Wagdcm


Kntty Ecmgc, dk- onkdnråc dkhustrdcm hn mc ^kdvnrsdhch Rrdvchc hnm Kar- tn hn Gcicecr- gc, y Tnsnkdc Rn- mãnz, chedkdstrc- harc hn neprnscs hn mc kdvnrsdhch Kcgdakcm hn Xruidmma, snoud- rãk sus ecns- tråcs nk NN.^^.orcgdcs cm Rra-

orcec hn Jngcs Gcicecrgc hn edknrc Tckcgagfc.

Has pralnsdakcmns gcicecrqudkcscggnhnk c nstuhdas hn Ecnstråc nk

NN.^^. orcgdcs cm cpartn hn Tckcgagfc

C trcväs hn praorcec hn mc Csagdcgd÷k MasCkhns, ÷rocka garparctdva hn mc edknrc,cejcs jnknldgdcrdcs dkdgdcrãk nstuhdas hnpastorcha nk sntdnejrn hnm pr÷xdea cóa.Nslunrza jusgc dkvnrtdr nk gcpdtcm fueckapcrc cuenktcr gaepntdtdvdhch hn mc rnod÷k.

Xrcs supnrcr uk nxdonktn pragnsa hn nvcmucgd÷k y sn-mnggd÷k, Tnsnkdc Cdeä Rnmãnz Majcta y Kntty Hcmec Ecm-gc Rärnz, has i÷vnkns pralnsdakcmns gcicecrqudkcs, snfdgdnrak cgrnnharcs c mcs jngcs pcrc gurscr nstuhdashn ecnstråc nk mas Nstchas ^kdhas, qun alrngn nm Rra-orcec hn Jngcs Gcicecrgc (RZAJNGC).

RZAJNGC, praorcec nhugctdva galdkckgdcha par mcCsagdcgd÷k Mas Ckhns hn Gcicecrgc, c trcväs hnm cpartn

vamuktcrda hn Tckcgagfc, nk gakvnkda gak mc Gaedsd÷kLumjrdotf, pnredtdrã qun cejcs jngchcs vdcink nk nknrahnm pr÷xdea cóa pcrc dkdgdcr uk gursa hn dkenrsd÷k tatcmnk nm dhdaec dkomäs, rnqudsdta dkhdspnkscjmn pcrc mc pas-

tumcgd÷k c gucmqudnr ukdvnrsdhch hn nsn pcås. Nm gursa tdnkn ukc hurcgd÷k hn < ensns, hn ecknrc qun nksnptdnejrn hn :238 nepnzcrãk gak sus nstuhdas hnecnstråc.

Tnsnkdc Rnmãnz, kcturcm hn Gnmnkhåk y nornschc hnchedkdstrcgd÷k hn neprnscs hn mc kdvnrsdhch Kcgdakcm

hn Xruidmma, tdnkn gaea ajintdva snoudr ukc Ecnstråc nkOnrnkgdc hn Rrayngtas.

Rar su pcrtn, Kntty Ecmgc, gcicecrqudkc n dkonkdnrcdkhustrdcm, nornschc hn mc kdvnrsdhch Rrdvchc hnm Kartnhn Gcicecrgc, cspdrc ukc ecnstråc nk Onrnkgdc hn Rra-

yngtas.

NWL^NZYA CGCHÄEDGA

Nm Rraorcec hn Jngcs Gcicecrgc, dkcuourcha nk:233, prapakn dkvnrtdr nk mc gcpcgdtcgd÷k hnm gcpdtcm fu-ecka gcicecrqudka pcrc onknrcr uk nqudpa hn praln-sdakcmns tcmnktasas y nxpnrtas, qun mdhnrnk prayngtaspcrc dkgrnenktcr mc gaepntdtdvdhch hn nsc rnod÷k.

Nm cpaya sn vn pmcsecha c trcväs hnm gaepraedsahn galdkckgdcr mas gastas cgchäedgas, ukc csdokcgd÷kckucm par ectnrdcmns hn nstuhda, snoura eähdga y uknstdpnkhda enksucm pcrc gujrdr ocstas hn cmaicednkta

y cmdenktcgd÷k hn mas jngcrdas. Nxdon hn sus jnknld-

gdcrdas, nm gaepraedsa hn rntarkcr c su tdnrrc pcrcpaknr nk prãgtdgc tahas mas gakagdednktas chqudrdhas y gaktrdjudr cm hnscrramma sastnkdjmn n dkgmusdva hn mc rn-od÷k.

Fcstc mc lngfc sak 4 mas pralnsdakcmns gcicecrqudkasjnknldgdchas gak nstcs jngcs hn nstuhda.

Gak nm ajintdva hn cmlcjntd-zcr c :22 gcepnsdkas hn Ns-pdkcr, Xdktcyc Cktcpcggcy, hnmc eumtdkcgdakcm Vstrctc Gap-pnr, dkdgd÷ su praorcec ”Cmlc-jntdzcgd÷k pcrc ukc kunvc \d-hc―, qun nstn cóa prntnkhndktnrvnkdr nk hdnz gaeukdhc-hns hnm sngtar.

Mc neprnsc dkhdg÷ qun mc

ldkcmdhch ns dkvamugrcr c eãsgduhchckas, nspngdcmenktneuinrns nspdkcrnksns, qun kascjnk mnnr kd nsgrdjdr. Csdeds-ea pmcknck trcjcicr gak nstcdkdgdctdvc nhugctdvc fcstc nmens hn hdgdnejrn mas håcs iun-

vns, vdnrkns y sãjcha.

Mcs nspngdcmdstcs nxpmdgc-rak qun snoudrãk cpmdgckha mcentahamaoåc qun pnredtn hn-scrrammcr prayngtas prahugtd-

vas pcrc mc vdhc gatdhdckc hnmas jnknldgdcrdas, ma gucm pnr-edtdrã ukc ecyar cpmdgcgd÷khn mc mngta-nsgrdturc y rnsamu-gd÷k hn prajmnecs.

Nm gaarhdkchar hnm prayngta, Rnrgy Wccvnhrc, snócm÷

”qun cm nmcjarcr ukc tartc kasamcenktn scjnk prnpcrcr nmprahugta nk gakhdgdakns fd-odäkdgcs, sdka gchc ukc hn mcs

pcrtdgdpcktns ckcmdzc nm gasta jnknldgda, hdvdhn, suec yrnstc hn ecknrc prãgtdgc ynstn tdpa hn cgtdvdhchns tdnknjunkc cgaodhc nspngdcmenk-

tn nk mcs pnrsakcs hn nhchqun sn cjurrnk rãpdha―.

Mas nkgcrochas fck pmckd-ldgcha trcjcicr nm Rraorcec hnCmlcjntdzcgd÷k hn cgunrha cm

gcmnkhcrda gaeukcm pcrc mcprnpcrcgd÷k hn pmctas tåpdgas,

tninr gfaepcs, grdckzc hn ckd-ecmns enkarns, gumtdva hn far-

tcmdzcs y atras sdedmcrns qunmns pnredtc trcjcicr nk gchcuka hn mas gårgumas qun sn gak-

lareck nk mcs gaeukdhchnsgcepnsdkcs nspngdcmenktn nkdkenhdcgdakns c mc apnrcgd÷kedknrc.

XDKXCTC CKXCRCGGCT DKDGDC RZAOZCEC HN CMLCJNXDYCGD×K

NK MCW GAE^KDHCHNW GCERNWDKCW HN NWRDKCZNeprnsc edknrc dkdgdc kunvcenktn su praorcec hn cmlcjntdzcgd÷k.Hnshn fcgn 4 cóas fc cmlcjntdzcha c eãs hn EDM pnrsakcs y nstncóa sn fc prapunsta mmnocr c :22 gcepnsdkas, sajrn taha euinrnsqun ka fck tnkdha mc apartukdhch hn cprnkhnr c mnnr kd nsgrdjdr.

Rraorcec hn Cmlcjntdzcgd÷k fc sdha pnkscha hn cgunrha cm gcmnkhcrda gaeukcm pcrc mc prnpcrcgd÷k hn pmctas tåpdgas, tninr gfaepcs, grdckzc hn ckdecmns enkarns, nktrn atrcs cgtdvdhchns.

Deprnokcr sakrdscs lnmdgns

nk rastras gak ecmlarecgda-kns gakoäkdtcs ns ukc tcrncfueckdtcrdc qun hnshn fcgn

vcrdas cóas rncmdzcha mc Csa-gdcgd÷k Gdvdm Edsd÷k Gcrdtcs Ln-mdgns. Nstn cóa, y par tnrgnrc

vnz, sn fcgn prnsnktn nk Gc- icecrgc c trcväs hn su gce-pcóc hn apnrcgdakns orctud-

tcs hn mcjda mnpardka y/a pc-mchcr fnkhdha.

Orcgdcs cm cpaya hn mc ne-prnsc edknrc Oamh Ldnmhs McGdec y hnm Faspdtcm Znodakcmhn Gcicecrgc, Gcrdtcs Lnmdgnspahrã rncmdzcr 72 dktnrvnkgda-kns qudrùrodgcs hdrdodhcs c kd-óas y chumtas gak mcjda mnpa-rdka (hnshn mas trns ensns

hn nhch) y, gak pcmchcr fnk-hdha, hnshn uk cóa.

Måssnm @rýonr, HdrngtarcOnknrcm hn Edsd÷k GcrdtcsLnmdgns, ka agumt÷ su cmnoråc

y sn eastr÷ euy corchngd-hc gak nm cpaya. ”Nstceaseuy corchngdhas. Gak mcprnksc par su hdlusd÷k0 gaknm Faspdtcm Znodakcm, qudnkkas cjrd÷ mcs punrtcs hnsus dkstcmcgdakns0 y gak mcneprnsc Oamh Ldnmhs Mc Gd-ec, qudnk ka sama nstã gu-

jrdnkha mas gastas hn mc gce-pcóc, sdka qun c trcväs hnsu pnrsakcm vdnkn pcrtdgdpck-ha cgtdvcenktn gaea vamuk- tcrdas―.

@rýonr tcejdäk corno÷qun chneãs hn mc apnrcgd÷k,mas snmnggdakchas rngdjdrãk mcsenhdgdkcs pcrc su trctcednk-

ta past apnrctarda, cså gaeamas cmdenktas y supmnenktaskutrdgdakcmns qun sn nxdonk.Chneãs, sn mns hcrã sapartnnk mcs ãrncs hn tnrcpdcs hnmnkoucin, ahaktamaoåc, psdgama-oåc y kutrdgd÷k gaepmnenktc-rãk c mc dktnrvnkgd÷k qudrùrod-gc, jrdkhckha ukc ctnkgd÷kdktnorcm.

Gcrdtcs Lnmdgns y Oamh Ldnmhs sn uknk nk gcepcóc hnapnrcgd÷k orctudtc hn mcjda mnpardka y pcmchcr fnkhdhaGamngtdva gdvdm y neprnsc edknrc sn uknk pcrc hnvamvnr mc sakrdscc 72 gcicecrqudkas. Cpaya gaktnepmc apnrcgd÷k, enhdgdkcs yocsta pastapnrctarda.

Måssnm @rýonr, Hdrngtarc Onknrcm hn Edsd÷k Gcrdtcs Lnmdgns, sastuva qun

mc gcepcóc hnm cóa pcscha nstuva hnstdkchc pcrc 72 pnrsakcs, pnra par mc hneckhc hn mc pajmcgd÷k, mc dkgrnenktcrak fcstc 86 pcgdnktns.Mas ùkdgas rnqudsdtas sak gaktcr gak ÷ptdecs gakhdgdakns låsdgcs y kutrdgdakcmns, y hneastrcr jcias rngursas ngak÷edgas. (Lata9 Edsd÷k Gcrdtcs Lnmdgns).



Onamaoåc, Edknråc y

Entcmurodc hnm Rnrù

cm cmgckgn hn tahas

Hdrnggd÷k9 Gcrmas Crrdntc 377? - Wcktc Jnctrdz (Mdec-Rnrù)Xnmnlcx9 (>3-3) 8?3-<234 / 8?3-368> Cknxa 338 - Necdm9 ptngkdgBtnrrc.gae.pn

Zngartn nstn gup÷k, nkvånma chiuktckha gfnqun c kaejrn hn9 R^JMDGCGDAKNW XNGKDGCW W.C.G., qunhcrã cutaeãtdgcenktn susgrdta.Rrngdas dkgmuynk nm D.O.\. ^h. rngdjdrã su lcgturc hn dkenhdcta.

Wusgråjcsn ¡fay edsea! y rngdjc ens c ens nm pnrd÷hdgaEukha Edknra y hdvnrsdhch hn dklarecgd÷k y snpcrctcs

hn gaklnrnkgdcs ecodstrcmns y trcjcias tägkdgas ¢

MDEC W/. 362.22 (Yakc urjckc, jcmkncrdas y fcstc Gfasdgc, hds-trdjuåha par kunstrcs prapdcs ukdhchns e÷vd-mns).

RZA\DKGDCW W/. 722.22 (Xaha nm tnrrdtarda kcgdakcm, par garrna gnrtd-ldgcha).

W^HCENZDGC ^W$ 7<2.22 (Nkvåa hdrngta hnshn Mdec c gucmqudnr hdrnggd÷knk pcåsns mctdkacenrdgckas, gnrtdldgcha).

KAZXNCENZDGC ^W$ 822.22 ( .W.C., Gckchã y Eäxdga, tcejdäk gnrtdldgcha).

N^ZARC, CWDC, CLZDGCT AGNCKDC ^W$ >22.22 (Znsta hnm eukha, par garrna gnrtdldgcha).

Kaejrn9 ..............................................................................................................................

Hdrnggd÷k9 ..........................................................................................................................

Gduhch9 ..............................................................................................................................

Xnmls.9 ......................................................... Lcx9 ............................................................

RAZ GAKGNRXA HN ^KC W^WGZDRGDAK CK^CM CMRNZDAHDGA "E^KHA EDKNZA" (3: nhdgdakns)

Wugnhd÷ fcgn :2 cóas


8> Eukha Edknra

Wcmc hnFuäspnhns

MC GCJNYC NK MCW NWXZNMMCW. MA DERAWDJMNKA NVDWXN RCZC S^DNK RDNKWC C MA OZCKHN

... T CGXÙC RCZC GAKWNO^DZMARar9 Hr. Mcdr Zdjnrda

Mc cejdgd÷k ns mc jcsn hn ta-a. Rar supunsta, ka fcy qunaklukhdr mc cejdgd÷k gak mc nk-dhdc, qun ns hnsncr cqunmma qunnknk mas hneãs. Wdk cejdgd÷k,a sn gaksdoun kchc. Wd ka hn-

ncs kchc, ka scmhrãs hn hakhnstãs. Rdäkscma jdnk y vnrãs qunaha ma qun fcs fngfa nk tu vdhcepnz÷ gak ukc cejdgd÷k.

Wd fcs mmnocha c mc gakgmusd÷kn qun ka kngnsdtcs kchc eãsk mc vdhc y qun fcs gaksnoudhaaha ma qun tn fcjåcs prapunsta,nrh÷kcen, pnra nstãs eunrtaka tn nktnrcs hn kchc. Mc eunr-

n mmnoc cktns pcrc qudnk yc kankn kdkoukc cejdgd÷k.

Nk gdnrtc agcsd÷k, ednktrcs hc-c uk gursa sajrn nm äxdta nk Ns-chas ^kdhas, sn mnvckt÷ uk sn-ar hn mc prdenrc ldmc y hdia9 ”Ns-ay hn cgunrha gak ustnh nk ta-a ma qun fc hdgfa fcstc cfarc,

pnra mn nxpmdgcrä ed gcsa9 gak-uzga uk gced÷k hn rnpcrta hncmmntcs hnshn fcgn trndktc cóas,

en hnspdnrta gchc håc hn ec-ruochc, en suja cm gced÷k ynpcrta mcs ocmmntcs c mcs pckc-nråcs. Guckha mmnoa hnm trcjc-

a c gcsc, mdepda nm gced÷k y mania taha prnpcrcha pcrc nm håcdoudnktn. Nstay c pukta hn iu-

jdmcren y tnkoa mc dktnkgd÷k hnnoudr fcgdnkha ma edsea, ns hn-dr, gakhugdr ed gced÷k, fcstcun en iujdmn. Ka qudnra fcgnrascs kunvcs y hdlågdmns―.

±Wcjns guãm lun ed rnspuns-c1 ”Lnmdgdhchns. Cmoudnk tdnknun nkgcrocrsn hn rnpcrtdr mcscmmntcs. Cfarc jdnk, sd ustnh mngfc mc gumpc cm oajdnrka, c mcrdsds a c mc dklmcgd÷k par tnknrstn trcjcia y pratnstc y sn qunicn qun ka fcgn ma qun mn oustcråccgnr, nktakgns ka drã c kdkoukccrtn. Kchdn hnjn gumpcr c masneãs par ka nstcr sctdslngfaak su vdhc―.

Hnjns edrcrtn c td edsea yusgcr nk ma eãs fakha hn tu

enktn mc vamuktch hn praspnrcrk mc vdhc, mc cejdgd÷k pasdtdvc.

Wd sdouns fcgdnkha ma qunsdneprn fcs fngfa, snoudrãsajtnkdnkha ma qun sdneprn

fcs ajtnkdha

±Nstãs hdspunsta c gcejdcr, gaksnoudr cmoa hdstdkta1 Rdnksc ma orckhn, y nktakgns, fcz cmoadlnrnktn. ¡Cggd÷k! ¡Eckas c mcjrc! Ka tn pakocs c pnkscr nkrckhns gcejdas cså, hn rnpnk-n, pnra s å nk mcs pnqunócs ga-cs qun fcgns gchc håc.

Decodkc tu vdhc gaea nm vunman uk cvd÷k9 tn hdrdons c Wca Rcu-

a pragnhnktn hn Nurapc. Wd gce-dcs tck s÷ma cmoukas orchas nm

rueja guckha nstäs sajrnvamck-ha nm Ctmãktdga, punhn qun cpc-rnzgcs nk gucmqudnr atra muocr,mnias hn tu hnstdka. Cså ns mc vdhc9pnqunóas gcejdas hdcrdas cmtn-rck nm rueja hn kunstrc nxdstnk-gdc. Cm prdkgdpda pcrngn qun kchcgcejdc, pnra gaklaren vc pc-

sckha nm tdnepa, nsas pnqunóasgcejdas sdokdldgcrãk ukc orck hd-lnrnkgdc nk tu hnstdka. ±Gae-prnkhns1

Ka tnkoa mc prntnksd÷k hn qun tn gakvdnrtcs nk uk onkda hn mckagfn c mc ecóckc, pnra qudnrahnicr jdnk gmcra qun sd mmnvcs cgcja pnqunóas gcejdas hn cgtd- tuh nk tu vdhc gatdhdckc gak nmajintdva punsta nk nm äxdta, ästnmmnocrã.

Atrc gasc euy departcktn pc-rc qun gaksdocs rnkhdr cm eãxdeahn tus pasdjdmdhchns9

Hnjns fcgnr mcs gascs sdkqun snc kngnscrdc hnecsdchclunrzc hn vamuktch, trcjcick-ha nk creakåc gak tus hnsnaseãs åktdeas.

¡Hdslrutc hn ma qun fcgns y sänspaktãkna! Hn nstc ecknrc tnrnsumtcrã eugfa eãs lãgdm cmgck-zcr tus ajintdvas.

Ka gaksdoa nktnkhnr nsa qunhdgnk gdnrtcs pnrsakcs9 ”Tc kaen qunhc kchc eãs qun fcgnrnk nstc vdhc―. ¡Ka ma hdocs kuk-gc! ±Wcjåcs qun mcs prajcjdmdhc-hns hn qun ukc pnrsakc pchnzgcuk ctcqun cm garcz÷k sn trdpmdgckhnspuäs hn mc iujdmcgd÷k1 Sudnknspnreckngnk nk cgtdva y sdounk trcjcickha, vdvnk eãs tdnepa.

Guckha tn hnspdnrtns uk mu-kns y sdnktcs qun vc c snr uka hnnsas håcs huras nk mas qun tdnknsqun rnsamvnr uk eakt÷k hn ga-scs, euästrctn lnmdz, puns nsasdokdldgc qun nrns ùtdm, qun mc sa-gdnhch y nm eukha tn kngnsd- tck.

Kd sn tn agurrc gcnr nk mc pc-mcjrnråc hn mcs nxguscs lãgdmns,hdgdnkha gascs gaea9 ”Nsta nsdepasdjmn―, ”Ka ma gaksnoudrä― a

”Ka fcy kchc qun vcmoc mc pnkc―.Rarqun sd pdnkscs cså, cukqun tnnslunrgns ka ma gaksnoudrãs.

Ma depasdjmn ns cqunmma qunkchdn fc gaksnoudha fcgnr,fcstc qun cmoudnk ma fcgn

±Hurcktn guãkta tdnepa snpnks÷ qun nrc depasdjmn qun ukfaejrn garrdnrc mas gdnk entrasmdsas nk enkas hn hdnz snouk-has1 Fcstc mas Iunoas Amåepdgashn Eäxdga hn 34<6, guckha nmnstchaukdhnksn Ide Fdkns hni÷mc ecrgc nk 4,4> snoukhas ycsaejr÷ cm eukha. Hnspuäs hnäm, vcrdas ctmntcs gruzcrak nsc jc-rrnrc. Cfarc yc ns cmoa karecm.

Nm eukha nvamugdakc sdk pc-rcr. \dvdeas y trcjciceas nk uksdstnec hakhn taha ns pasdjmn.Jcstc gak qun gaklåns eãs nk tu gcpcgdhch, tn ctrnvcs, y sajrn taha, ma qudnrcs.

Ka hnins qun cqunmma qun kapunhns fcgnr dktnrldnrc nk ma

qun så punhns fcgnr.

Hnm 37 cm 3< hn iumda sn arockdz÷ mc Gakvnkgd÷k Znodakcmhnm Wur, departcktn cgaktngdednkta edknra, prnsdhdha nknsn nktakgns par nm Dko. Kästar Zamhãk. Nm Rrnsdhnktn tuvanm cpaya dkgakenksurcjmn hn su \dgnprnsdhnktn, Dko. Agtc-

vda Mckca, cså gaea hnm Dko. Gmcuhda Gamqun, qudnk tcejdäkprnsdhdråc mc Gakvnkgd÷k Znodakcm hnm Gnktra. Nm nvnkta rnu-kd÷ c hdstdktcs pnrsakcmdhchns hnmc fdstardc hn mc edknråc pnruckc.Hnstcgck Ecrdsam Rcmcgda hn Wamhd,nk nsn nktakgns Hdrngtarc hn mcZnvdstc Edknråc hnm Dkstdtuta hn Dk-

onkdnras hn Edkcs. Hnm edsea ea-ha, lun enearcjmn mc prnsnktc-gd÷k sajrn cpmdgcgdakns hn neum-sdakns nk Gnrra hn Rcsga hnm Dko.Cjnm Mcvcha hn Gnktraedk Rnrù.Atrc gfcrmc departcktn lun mc qunhda nm rngarhcha Dko. \ågtar ZcùmNyzcoudrrn, qudnk dmustr÷ c tahc mcocmc gak uk hdsgursa hnm patnkgdcmcurålnra hnm pcås.

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Fck pcscha vndktn cóas hnshnqun mc lcedmdc edknrc pnruckc rdk-hd÷ faenkcin cm Dko. Onaron Nrdg`-

Ecrdsam Rcmcgda hn Wamhd.

snk, ukc mnynkhc hn mc onamaoåc eukhdcm. kc hn mcs arockd-zcgdakns qun eãs sn nslarz÷ nk hneastrcr su orctdtuh lunmc Wagdnhch Onam÷odgc hnm Rnrù, qun ma kaejr÷ Wagda Fa-karcrda y Jnknlcgtar hnm Rnrù. Nktakgns, mc arockdzcgd÷k tn-kåc gaea Rrnsdhnktn cm Dko. Zajnrta Rmnkon, qun ka huh÷nk eastrcr su chedrcgd÷k y gcrdóa. Cgaepcócrak c Rmnkonnk nm faenkcin mas Dkos. Oudmmnrea Cjnmn, Ecrdcka Djärdga

y \ågtar Wcmczcr. Atrc hn mcs dkstdtugdakns qun sn cuk÷ nkfaenkcin c Nrdg`nk, Rrnsdhnktn hn mc Wagdnhch Onam÷odgchn NN.^^, lun mc Wagdnhch Kcgdakcm hn Edknråc y Rntr÷mna,c trcväs hn su Rrnsdhnktn, Zaqun Jnkcvdhns Ockazc, qudnkfdza nktrnoc hnm ocmcrh÷k mc ”Mãepcrc hn Rmctc―.

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Nm Dko. ×sgcr Edrckhc Artmdnj ns hnsdokcha kunva Rrnsd-hnktn hnm Arockdsea Mctdkacenrdgcka hn Edknråc (AMCED)snggd÷k Rnrù. Nm håc hn mc prnedcgd÷k, Edrckhc rngdjd÷ mclnmdgdtcgd÷k hn Gcrmas Enkhdjuru, Nhocrha Cmvc y LrckgdsgaWatdmma. AMCED, dkstdtugd÷k lukhchc nk 3468, sn gakstdtuåcpar ^kdhchns Kcgdakcmns hn Gaarhdkcgd÷k hn 3< pcåsns,hakhn nstcjck rnprnsnktchas tahas mas cgtarns vdkgumchascm sngtar edknra9 neprnscs, trcjcicharns, arockdseas ou-jnrkcenktcmns, ukdvnrsdhchns, pralnsdakcmns ntg.


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Mundo Minero Edición 300 julio-agosto 2013

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