Monografia Lenguajes de Programacion

7/16/2019 Monografia Lenguajes de Programacion

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INDICE

1 INTRODUCCIÓN.....................................................................................................52 LENGUAJES DE PROGRAMACIÓN......................................................................7

3 HISTORIA DE LOS LENGUAJES DE PROGRAMACIÓN......................................8

4 CLASIFICACIÓN DE LOS LENGUAJES DE PROGRAMACIÓN.........................10

4.1 LENGUAJE MÁQUINA..................................................................................10

4.1.1 !"#$%&%' (") )"#*+%&" ,-+/#%...............................................................11

4.1.2 D"'"#$%&%' (") )"#*+%&" ,-+/#%.........................................................11

4.2 LENGUAJES DE AJO NI!EL "#'%,)%(6.............................................11

4.2.1 !"#$%&%' (") )"#*+%&" "#'%,)%( "#$" %) )"#*+%&" ,-+/#%............13

4.2.2 D"'"#$%&%' (") )"#*+%&" "#'%,)%(..................................................13

4.3 LENGUAJES DE ALTO NI!EL......................................................................14

4.3.1 !"#$%&%' (" )' )"#*+%&"' (" %)$ #/")...................................................15

4.3.2 D"'"#$%&%' (" )' )"#*+%&"' (" %)$ #/").............................................1

5 OTRA CLASIFICACIÓN DE LOS LENGUAJES DE PROGRAMACIÓN..............17

5.1 P/,"% *"#"%9/:#........................................................................................17

5.2 S"*+#(% *"#"%9/:#.......................................................................................175.3 T"9"% *"#"%9/:#.........................................................................................17

5.4 C+%$% *"#"%9/:#..........................................................................................17

5.5 Q+/#$% *"#"%9/:#..........................................................................................17

LENGUAJES DE PROGRAMACIÓN DE ALTO NI!EL........................................18

.1 FORTRAN.......................................................................................................18

.2 COOL...........................................................................................................1;

.3 PL<I..................................................................................................................20.4 ASIC.............................................................................................................21

.5 PASCAL..........................................................................................................21

. C......................................................................................................................22

.7 MODULA=2.....................................................................................................23

3



.8 ADA.................................................................................................................23

.; LISP................................................................................................................24

.10 LOGO..............................................................................................................24

.11 RPG................................................................................................................25.12 ALGOL............................................................................................................25

.13 APL.................................................................................................................25

.14 PILOT..............................................................................................................2

.15 SMALLTAL>....................................................................................................2

.1 FORTH............................................................................................................27

.17 LENGUAJE C??.............................................................................................27

.18 DELPHI...........................................................................................................27.1; JA!A................................................................................................................28

.20 JA!ASCRIPT..................................................................................................28

.21 HTML..............................................................................................................28

.22 H@PERTAL>...................................................................................................31

.23 P")..................................................................................................................31

.24 PHP.................................................................................................................31

.25 PROLOG.........................................................................................................32

.2 SQL.................................................................................................................32

.27 ASP.................................................................................................................33

7 E!OLUCIÓN DE LOS LENGUAJES DE PROGRAMACIÓN...............................33

8 CONCLUSIONES..................................................................................................35

; REFERENCIAS ILIOGRÁFICAS......................................................................3

4



1 INTRODUCCIÓN

L%' 9,+$%(%' # +"("# 9,+#/9%'" 9# #'$' (" ,% "%)B # '""#

+# /(/,%B '# ,-+/#%' 9, $%)"'B #"9"'/$%# (" +# )"#*+%&" "'"9/9 "#'%(

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") *%,%(B '" 9"%# )"#*+%&"' (" *%,%9/:# +" %9"# '/)" )%

9,+#/9%9/:# 9# ") ,/99"'%(B +$/)/%#( $,/#' ',)' ")%9/#%('

9# ") $/ (" )",% +" '" ("'"% "')"B ,"(/%#$" ") ",)" (" "%,/"#$%'

+" /#(% )% /#,-$/9%.

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)",%6 B ") $B '" "#9%*% (" $%(+9/ ") %)*/$, %) )"#*+%&" ,-+/#%

9"' 9#9/( 9, 9,/)%9/:#6 9# ) +" '" )" 9#/"" %) *%,% )%

9%%9/(%( (" 9" '" "&"9+$%(6 "# )% 9,+$%(%. L% 9,+$%(% "' "#

"%)/(%( $%# ':) +#% ,-+/#%B 9%% (" "')" $(' )' )",%' +" )'

+'+%/' '"%,' 9%%9"' (" ""'% ,"(/%#$" +# %)*/$, *%,%6.

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/"#$%# %) 9%, ","'%/%) %) ,%#"& (" $"$' /9"'B "' ("9/B '# "#

"%)/(%( +#(%,"#$%),"#$" *"'$"' (" /#,%9/:# COOLB PL<1B "$9.6B ,+

")%9/#%(' 9# ") )"#*+%&" ,-+/#% (" )% 9,+$%(% 9, ") C?? ")

ASSEMLER6.

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"'$ 9#))"%%B &+#$ 9# )% "#," %9/)/(%( (" 9,"$" ""'B 9+% )9%)/%9/:#

"% )%*% 9,)"&%B /9/"# 9#9"/B "# )% (9%(% (" )' 40B )% '//)/(%( (" +'%

5



)"#*+%&"' '/,:)/9'. L' /,"' "# %%"9" +"# )' "#'%,)%("'B

+#(%,"#$%),"#$" 9#'/'$% "# (% +# #," ,#",:#/96 % 9%(% $/ ("

/#'$+99/:# 9%(% (/"99/:# "$/+"$%6. A) /#9// '" %9/% ") *%,% '" %")

B ("'+' '" $%(+9% % ,%# 9# )% %+(% (" +#%' $%)%'B '" /#$(+9%# "# )%,-+/#% "# ,% #+,/9%B " #$ %%"9/"# *%,%' +" '"

"#'%,)%%# %+$,-$/9%,"#$".

6



2 LENGUAJES DE PROGRAMACIÓN

E' 9,)/9%( ("/#/ + "' + # "' +# )"#*+%&" (" *%,%9/:#. S" %'+,"

*"#"%),"#$" +" )% $%(+99/:# (" )%' /#'$+99/#"' % +# 9:(/* +" 9,"#(" )%

9,+$%(% ("" '" 9,)"$%,"#$" '/'$",-$/9%. N,%),"#$" "' )% 9,+$%(%

)% +" "%)/% )% $%(+99/:#.

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*%,%9/:#.

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"'9// *%,%'B % $%' (" )' 9+%)"' (",' 9,+#/9%#' 9# ") %(%"

(% %' )%' :("#"' %("9+%(%' %% )% "%)/%9/:# (" +# ("$",/#%( 9"'. U#

)"#*+%&" "'$- ("/#/( +#% *%,-$/9% 9#&+#$ (" "*)%' +" '" %)/9%# % +#

%)%"$ 9#'$/$+/( ") 9#&+#$ (" ',)' +$/)/%('. L' (/'$/#$' #/")"' ("

*%,%9/:# "/'$"#$"' #' ",/$"# %99"(" %) %(%"B (" $%) ,% +" '"*#

+$/)/9",' +# #/") + $B %' $"#(",' +" +$/)/% +# ("$",/#%( )"#*+%&" )/*%(

% '+' 9"'#(/"#$"' $%(+9$"'.

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"' KC#&+#$ (" #,%' K)/#*'$/9%' %)%%' ',)'6 +" ",/$"# "'9// +#

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("#%("' '/,/)%"' %% '+ +#9/#%,/"#$ "# $' '/'$",%'.

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*%,%9/:# "' +# KC#&+#$ (" /#'$+99/#"'B :("#"' ',)' "9#9/)"'

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%+$:,%$%. E) *%,% "'$- ,%( +# 9#&+#$ (" /#'$+99/#"'B '"#$"#9/%'B

)+"' +#9/#%)"' *%/',' +" /#(/9%# )%' "%9/#"' % "%)/%. L%'

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7



"%)/% +#% "%9/:#B %9$/% +#% '%)/(%B "$9. L% '"#$"#9/% ""'"#$% ") ,#/,

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")%9/#%(' "#$" ' ,"(/%#$" )' ',)' *%/','.

F/#%),"#$" >%$"/#" G:," ,"#9/#% KE' +# 9#&+#$ (" %)%%' ',)' +"

",/$"# %) +'+%/ *"#"% 9,%#(' " /#'$+99/#"' %% +" )% 9,+$%(% )'

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)%' 9%$"*%' % %,/)/%"' (" "#$%(%<'%)/(%B 9-)9+)<,%#/+)%9/:#B (" $"$'B

):*/9%<9,%%9/:#B %),%9"#%,/"#$<"9+"%9/:#.

E#$#9"'B (" )%' ("/#/9/#"' (" )' (/""#$"' %+$"' (",' "'9%$% +" +#

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/#'$+99/#"' '"%# '/,)"' 9,)"&%' +" )% 9,+$%(% /#$""$%% (" %9+"(

% )% "'$+9$+% ):*/9% "%%(% ") +'+%/ +" ",/$/- "%)/% +#%

("$",/#%(% $%"%.

3 HISTORIA DE LOS LENGUAJES DE PROGRAMACIÓN

L' /,"' )"#*+%&"' (" *%,%9/:# '+*/"# (" )% /("% (" C%)"' %%*"B )%

9+%) '" )" 9+/: % "'$" ," % ,"(/%(' (") '/*) I. E% +# "'

,%$",-$/9 (" )% U#/"'/(%( (" C%,/(*" " /#"#$ /#*)'B +" %) /#9// (")

'/*) I "(/& ,+9%' (" )%' $"%' "# +" '" %'%# )%' %9$+%)"' 9,+$%(%'.

C#'/'$% "# ) +" ) ("#,/#%% )% ,%+/#% %#%)$/9%B " +" ,$/'

$9#/9' # +( 9#'$+/'" %'$% ,"(/%(' (") '/*) . C# ) 9)% A(%

LB )% 9+%) "' 9#'/("%(% 9, )% /,"% *%,%(% (" )% /'$/%B +"'

"%)/ *%,%' %% %+))% '++"'$% ,-+/#% (" %%*"B "# $%&"$%'

"%(%'. C, )% ,%+/#% # ))"* #+#9% % 9#'$+/'"B )' *%,%' (" A(%B

8



):*/9%,"#$"B $%,9 ))"*%# % "&"9+$%'"B " '/ '+#"# +# +#$ (" %$/(% ("

)% *%,%9/:#B '" $( '/ '"%,' +" "# 9+%#$ '" ",": % *%,%B

)' *%,%("' +$/)/%# )%' $9#/9%' (/'"%(%' C%)"' %%*"B A(%B +"

9#'/'$%# "#$" $%'B "# )% *%,%9/:# ,"(/%#$" $%&"$%' "%(%'. A "'% (""))B A(% % ",%#"9/( 9, )% /,"% *%,%(% (" )% /'$/%. S" (/9"

$%#$ +" "'$' (' *"#/' (" %#$%B '" %(")%#$%# +# '/*) % '+ 9%B ) 9+%)

("'9/" )% /#$")/*"#9/% (" )% +" '" %))%%# ($%('.

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'" ("(/9: %) "9$ (" )% ,-+/#% %#%)$/9%B %%#(#%#( )% ,-+/#% ("

(/""#9/%'B +" '" +(/"% *%,% 9# $%&"$%' "%(%'B *%9/%' % )% 9"%9/:#

(" C%)"' J%9+%( %#9'6. E'$" ," "% +# %/9%#$" (" $"&/(' %%

9"%( +# $")% +" (% "(+9/ %+$,-$/9%,"#$" %$#"' (" $"&/('B )""#( )%

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*/(. E#$#9"' %%*" /#$"#$ 9"% )% ,-+/#% +" '" +(/"% *%,% 9#

$%&"$%' "%(%' %% ""9$+% 9+%)+/" 9-)9+) 9# +#% "9/'/:# (" 20 (*/$'.

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/("%' (" %%*" # ))"*%# % ,%$"/%)/%'" (" ,% ("/#/$/%B '+ 9#$/+9/:# "'("9/'/%B % +" )' ("#%("' %9$+%)"' "'#("# % +# "'+",% %#-)* %) (" )%

,-+/#% %#%)$/9%. E# '+ (/'"B )% ,-+/#% 9#'$%% (" 9/#9 +#/(%("' -'/9%'

• U#/(%( (" "#$%(%B %% /#$(+9/ (%$' " /#'$+99/#"'• M",/%B (#(" '" %),%9"#%%# (%$' "'+)$%(' /#$","(/'• U#/(%( (" 9#$)B %% "*+)% )% '"9+"#9/% (" "&"9+9/:# (" )%' "%9/#"'• U#/(%( A/$,$/9=L:*/9%B +" ""9$% )%' "%9/#"'• U#/(%( (" '%)/(%B "#9%*%(% (" 9,+#/9% %) "$"/ )' "'+)$%('.

C%)"' %%*"B 9#9/( 9, ") %(" (" )% /#,-$/9% # +( 9,)"$% "#

%+"))% 9% )% 9#'$+99/:# (") 9,+$%( +" %% '%(B (%( +" %)$%%

%)* +#(%,"#$%)B )% ")"9$:#/9%. E) 9%,/# '"%)%( (" %%*"B # +" #+#9%

%%#(#%( '/*+/#()B '" 9#'$+"# )%' /,"%' 9,+$%(%'.

9



C+%#( '+*/: ") /," ("#%(B ") %,' ENIAC E)"9$#/9 N+,"/9%)

I#$"*%$ A#( C%)9+)%$6B '+ *%,%9/:# '" %'%% "# 9,#"#$"' '/9'B

'"%B +" '" *%,%%B 9%,/%#( (/"9$%,"#$" ") H%(%" (" )% ,-+/#%B

"%9$%,"#$" ) +" ' %9/% "% 9%,/% 9%)"' (" '/$/ %% 9#'"*+/ %' )%*%,%9/:# (" )% ,-+/#%. L% "#$%(% '%)/(% (" (%$' '" "%)/%% ,"(/%#$"

$%&"$%' "%(%'.

4 CLASIFICACIÓN DE LOS LENGUAJES DE PROGRAMACIÓN

4.1 LENGUAJE MÁQUINA:

E) )"#*+%&" ,-+/#% "' ") #/9 +" "#$/"#(" (/"9$%,"#$" )% 9,+$%(%B % +"

"'$- "'9/$ "# )"#*+%&"' (/"9$%,"#$" /#$")/*/)"' )% ,-+/#% 9,+$%(%6B

+$/)/% ") %)%"$ /#%/B +" 9#'$% (" )' (' #/9' ',)' 0 1B ("#,/#%('

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9%("#%' '"/"' (" 9%%9$""' (" (*/$' 0 16 +" "'"9//9%# +#% "%9/:# B

)%' '/9/#"' (/"99/:#6 (" ,",/% /,)/9%(%' "# )% "%9/:# '" ("#,/#%#

/#'$+99/#"' (" ,-+/#% 9:(/* ,-+/#%. F+" ") /," )"#*+%&" +$/)/%( "# )%

*%,%9/:# (" 9,+$%(%'B " ("& (" +$/)/%'" '+ (//9+)$%(

9,)/9%9/:#B '/"#( '+'$/$+/( $' )"#*+%&"' ,-' -9/)"' (" %"#(" +$/)/%B+" %(",-' "(+9"# )% '//)/(%( (" 9,"$" ""'. E) )"#*+%&" ,-+/#% "' ")

9#9/( 9:(/* /#%/. G"#"%),"#$"B "# )% 9(//9%9/:# (" )' *%,%' '"

",)"%% ") '/'$",% "%("9/,%) %% '/,)//9% ") $%%& (" "'9/$+%.

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,"#' (' %$"'. L% /,"% "' ") 9,%#( + "%9/:#B +" (/9" % )%'

9,+$%(%' 9+%) "' )% +#9/:# +" % % "%)/%. T(%' )%' 9,+$%(%' $/"#"# +#

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/#'$+99/:# "' ") "%#(B +" /#(/9% % )% 9,+$%(% (#(" %))% %),%9"#% )'

(%$' $%' /#'$+99/#"' +" '" %# % ,%#/+)%B ") #," (" "-#(' (" +#%

/#'$+99/:# %/% "# (/'$/#$%' 9,+$%(%'.

10



4.1.1 !"#$%&%' (") )"#*+%&" ,-+/#%

P'//)/(%( (" 9%*% $%#'"/ +# *%,% % )% ,",/%6 '/# #"9"'/(%( ("

$%(+99/:# '$"/B ) +" '+#" +#% ")9/(%( (" "&"9+9/:# '+"/ %

9+%)+/" $ )"#*+%&" (" *%,%9/:#.

4.1.2 D"'"#$%&%' (") )"#*+%&" ,-+/#%

D//9+)$%( )"#$/$+( "# )% 9(//9%9/:#. P9% /%/)/(%(. G%# (//9+)$%( %% "//9% #" % +#$ )' *%,%'. L' *%,%' ') '# "&"9+$%)"' "# ") ,/', 9"'%( CPU6.

E# )% %9$+%)/(%(B )%' ("'"#$%&%' '+"%# % )%' "#$%&%'B ) +" %9" -9$/9%,"#$"

# "9,"#(%)"' % )' )"#*+%&"' ,-+/#%.

4.2 LENGUAJES DE BAJO NIVEL (!"#$%&#')*:

S# ,-' -9/)"' (" +$/)/% +" )' )"#*+%&"' ,-+/#%B " %) /*+%) +" "))'B

(""#("# (" )% ,-+/#% "# %$/9+)%. E) )"#*+%&" (" %& #/") "9")"#9/% "' ")

"#'%,)%(. E) )"#*+%&" "#'%,)%( "' ") /," /#$"#$ (" '+'$/$+/ ") )"#*+%&"

,%+/#% $ ,-' '/,/)% % )' +$/)/%(' )%' "'#%'. E'$" /#$"#$% )"//)/%

)% ""'"#$%9/:# (" )' (/""#$"' 9%,'. E'% )"//)/(%( '" 9#'/*+" #"'9//"#( )' 9%,' "# /#%/ %/,%#( )% "'9/$+% %) )"#*+%&".

A /#9//' (" )% (9%(% (" )' 50 9# ") /# (" %9/)/$% )% )% (" )'

*%,%("'B '" ("'%))%# 9:(/*' ,#",$9#/9' %% )%' "%9/#"'

(/"99/#"' '/,:)/9%'. L' 9:(/*' ,#",$9#/9%' '# )' ',)' %)%$/9' (")

)"#*+%&" ,-+/#%. L% 9,+$%(% '/*+" +$/)/%#( ") )"#*+%&" ,-+/#% %%

9"'% )' (%$'B " )' *%,%' "#'%,)%("' $%(+9"# %#$"' )' ',)'

(" 9:(/* (" "%9/:# "'"9//9%(' % '+' "+/%)"#$"' "# ") )"#*+%&" ,-+/#%. E#)% %9$+%)/(%( )' *%,%("' # %'/*#%# #,"' (" (/"99/:# "%)"' % )' (%$'

'/,:)/9'B '/,)","#$" "'"9//9%# (#(" +/""# +" '" 9)+" )% /,"%

)9%)/(%( (") *%,% ") *%,% "#'%,)%( '" "#9%*% (" ) (",-'B %'/*#%

)9%)/(%("' $%#$ %% )%' /#'$+99/#"' 9, )' (%$'. E'$' *%,%' ("

11



"#'%,)" "#'%,)%("' $%,/# ",/$"# % )% 9,+$%(% 9#"$/ )%'

/#'$+99/#"' "# )"#*+%&" "#'%,)%( (") *%,%( "# '+ / 9:(/*

,-+/#%.

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'" ))%,% *%,% +"#$". D"'+' (" +" ") "#'%,)%( 9#/"$" ") *%,%

+"#$" "# 9:(/* ,%+/#% % "'$" '" )" ("#,/#% *%,% &"$. P%% )'

*%,%("' "' ,-' -9/) "'9// /#'$+99/#"' "# +# )"#*+%&" "#'%,)%( +"

"# 9:(/* (" )"#*+%&" ,-+/#% " "' '/)" +" '" "+/"%# (' 9/(%' ("

9,+$%(% %#$"' (" +" '" +"(%# +$/)/% )%' /#'$+99/#"' (") *%,% +"#$"

%% (+9/ )%' '%)/(%' ("'"%(%'.

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"#$"#(" % )% % (" "&"9+$% *%,%'B ) +" %+,"#$% '+ ")9/(%( (" "&"9+9/:#B

+"' # #"9"'/$% +# /#$"$" +" $%(+9% 9%(% )#"% (" /#'$+99/#"'.

!/'$ % ,+ %& #/")B )' ,/99"'%("' 9"'%# "9)+'/%,"#$" '"%)"'

")"9$:#/9%' /#%/%'. D% +#% /#'$+99/:# % +# ,/99"'%( '+#" "# "%)/(%(

"#/% '"/"' (" +#' 9"' "'%9/%(%' "# ") $/", (" +#% ,% ("$",/#%(%.

E'$% '"9+"#9/% (" '"%)"' '" ("#,/#% 9:(/* ,-+/#%. E) 9:(/* ""'"#$%#,%),"#$" (%$' #,"' " /#'$+99/#"' %% ,%#/+)%)'. U# ,( ,-' -9/)

(" 9,"#(" ") 9:(/* ,-+/#% "' (%#( % 9%(% /#'$+99/:# +# ,#",:#/9B 9,

"&",) STOREB ADD JUMP. E'$% %'$%99/:# (% 9, "'+)$%( ")

"#'%,)%(B +# )"#*+%&" (" ,+ %& #/") +" "' "'"9/9 (" 9%(%

,/99"'%(.

L' )"#*+%&"' (" %& #/") ",/$"# 9"% *%,%' ,+ -/('B " +" '#B %

,"#+(B (/9/)"' (" %"#(". M-' /,$%#$" "' ") "9 (" +" )' *%,%'"'9/$' "# +# %& #/") '"%# %)$%,"#$" "'"9/9' (" 9%(% 9"'%(. S/ '" ))"%

") *%,% % $% ,-+/#% '" ("" ""'9// ") *%,% ("'(" ") /#9//.

12



4.2.1 !"#$%&%' (") )"#*+%&" "#'%,)%( "#$" %) )"#*+%&" ,-+/#%

M% %9/)/(%( (" 9(//9%9/:# B "# *"#"%)B '+ ")9/(%( (" 9-)9+)B %%#

$/", "+/""# ,"#' %$"#9/:# % ("$%))"'. S" /#9+"# "# ,"#' ""' )' +" '" 9,"$"# '# ,-' -9/)"' ("

)9%)/%. T%#$ ") )"#*+%&" ,%+/#% 9, ") "#'%,)%( *%# (" )% "#$%&% ("

,#/,% 9+%9/:# (" ,",/% ,#/, $/", (" "&"9+9/:# "# 9,%%9/:#

9# ") "'+)$%( (" )% 9,/)%9/:# (") *%,% "+/%)"#$" "'9/$ "# $'

)"#*+%&"'. L' *%,%' "# )"#*+%&" "#'%,)%( '# ,-' -9/)"' (" ,(//9% +" )'

*%,%' "# )"#*+%&" ,-+/#%.

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D""#("#9/% $$%) (" )% ,%+/#% ) +" /,/(" )% $%#'$%/)/(%( (" )'

*%,%' '//)/(%( (" "&"9+$% +# *%,% "# (/""#$"' ,-+/#%'6. E) )"#*+%&" "#'%,)%( (") PC "' (/'$/#$ (") )"#*+%&" "#'%,)%( (")

A)" M%9/#$'. L% ,%9/:# (" )' *%,%("' "' ,-' 9,)"&% +" )% 9"'#(/"#$" %

)' *%,%("' (" %)$ #/")B % +" "/*" # ') )%' $9#/9%' ("

*%,%9/:#B '/# $%,/# ") 9#9/,/"#$ (") /#$"/ (" )% ,-+/#%.

E) *%,%( % (" 9#9" ""9$%,"#$" ") %(%" (") "+/B % +" ,%#"&%

(/"9$%,"#$" )%' '/9/#"' (" ,",/%B "*/'$' (") 9"'%( (",-'

")","#$' '/9'. T(%' )%' /#'$+99/#"' '# ")","#$%)"'B "' ("9/B "# ") *%,%

'" (""# ("'9// 9# ") ,-/, ("$%))" $(%' )%' "%9/#"' +" '" %# ("

""9$+% "# )% ,-+/#% %% )% "%)/%9/:# (" 9+%)+/" 9"'.

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")"9$:#/9'.

13



4.3 LENGUAJES DE ALTO NIVEL:

E'$' )"#*+%&"' '# )' ,-' +$/)/%(' )' *%,%("'. E'$-# (/'"%(' %%

+" )%' "'#%' "'9/%# "#$/"#(%# )' *%,%' (" +# ,( ,+9 ,-' -9/)

+" )' )"#*+%&"' ,-+/#% "#'%,)%(. U# *%,% "'9/$ "# )"#*+%&" (" %)$

#/") "' /#(""#(/"#$" (" )% ,-+/#% )%' /#'$+99/#"' # (""#("# (") (/'" (")

%(%" (" +#% 9,+$%(% "# %$/9+)%6B ) +" "'$' *%,%' '#

$%)"' $%#'$%)"'. L' *%,%' "'9/$' "# )"#*+%&" (" %)$ #/") +"("#

'" "&"9+$%(' 9# 9% #/#*+#% ,(//9%9/:# "# (/""#$"' $/' ("

9,+$%(%'. S# )"#*+%&"' (" *%,%9/:# "# )' +" )%' /#'$+99/#"' "#/%(%'

%% +" ") ("#%( "&"9+$" 9/"$%' :("#"' '# '/,/)%"' %) )"#*+%&" +,%#.

D%( +" ") ("#%( # "' 9%% (" "9#9" "'$%' :("#"'B "' #"9"'%/ ") +'(" +# /#$"$" +" $%(+9% ") )"#*+%&" (" %)$ #/") % +# )"#*+%&" (" %& #/") +"

") '/'$",% +"(% "#$"#(".

P ) *"#"%) '" /"#'% +" )' ("#%("' '# ,-+/#%' +" "%)/%# $%"%' ("

9-)9+)' 9"'%,/"#$ (" $"$. L% ("'9/9/:# %#$"/ "' ':) +#% ,% ,+

"'+",-$/9% (" " +#% 9,+$%(%. H% +# %)$ #/") (" %'$%99/:# "#$" ) +"

'" /(" % )% 9,+$%(% ) +" "%),"#$" 9,"#(". E/'$" $%,/# +#% ")%9/:#

9,)"&% "#$" )' )"#*+%&"' (" %)$ #/") ") 9:(/* ,-+/#%.

L' )"#*+%&"' (" %)$ #/") '# #,%),"#$" -9/)"' (" %"#(" +" "'$-#

,%(' ")","#$' (" )"#*+%&"' #%$+%)"'B 9, ") /#*)'. E# ASICB ")

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STOP +"("# +$/)/%'" %% "(/ % )% 9,+$%(% +" %" '/ CONTADOR "'

/*+%) % (/". P ("'*%9/% %% ,+9%' "'#%' "'$% ,% (" $%%&% "' +# 9

+'$%#$"B (%( +" % "'% (" +" )%' 9,+$%(%' %"9"# 9,"#(" +#

)"#*+%&" #%$+%)B ) %9"# "# "%)/(%( (" +#% ,% */(% '/'$",-$/9%.

L' )"#*+%&"' (" %)$ #/")B $%,/# ("#,/#%(' )"#*+%&"' ")+9/#%('B '+*"#

9# '$"//(%( % )' %#$"/"' )"#*+%&" ,-+/#%B )"#*+%&"' (" %& #/")

"#'%,)%(6 9# )' '/*+/"#$"' &"$/'B "#$" $'

14



L*% /#(""#("#9/% (" )% ,-+/#%B +(/"#( +$/)/% +# ,/', *%,% "#

(/""#$"' "+/' 9# )% #/9% 9#(/9/:# (" (/'#" (" +# *%,% $%(+9$

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"&"9+$%)" "# )"#*+%&" /#%/ (" )% ,-+/#% +" '" $%$". A(",-'B # '" #"9"'/$%9#9" ") %(%" "'"9/9 (" (/9% ,-+/#%. A/,%'" %) )"#*+%&" #%$+%)B

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,-+/#%B % +" '" +$/)/%# %)%%' "# /#*)'6 "# )+*% (" 9%("#%' (" ',)' '/#

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)/"% (") )"#*+%&"B (" ,%#"% +" '" +"(%# +$/)/% '/"," +" '" +/"% '/##"9"'/(%( (" *%,%)%' 9%(% ".

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)"#*+%&"' +,%#'B #,"' (" )%' /#'$+99/#"' $%)"' 9, READB RITEB

PRINTB OPENB "$9. L%' ,(//9%9/#"' +"'$%' % +#$ (" )' *%,%' '# ,-' -9/)"'. R"(+99/:# (") 9'$ (" )' *%,%'. T%#'$%/)/(%(. P",/$"# $"#" +#% ,"& (9+,"#$%9/:#. S# ,-' -9/)"' (" ,%#$"#".

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I#9","#$ (") $/", (" +"'$% % +#$ %) #"9"'/$%'" (/""#$"'

$%(+99/#"' (") *%,% +"#$" %% 9#'"*+/ ") *%,% ("/#/$/. N '" %"9%# )' "9+'' /#$"#' (" )% ,-+/#% +" '" ")$%# ,+9

,"& "# )"#*+%&"' ,-+/#% "#'%,)%("'. A+,"#$ (" )% 9+%9/:# (" ,",/%. E) $/", (" "&"9+9/:# (" )'

*%,%' "' ,+9 ,%.

15



S" +"(" ("9/ +" ") /#9/%) )",% +" "'"#$%# )' )"#*+%&"' (" %)$ #/") "'

)% *%# 9%#$/(%( (" "))' +" "/'$"# %9$+%),"#$" "# +'B %(",-' (" )%' (/""#$"'

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&"$/ (" %/,% ") (/'" 9#'$+99/:# (" *%,%' %) )"#*+%&" (" )%'

"'#%'.

+ OTRA CLASIFICACIÓN DE LOS LENGUAJES DE PROGRAMACIÓN

S" +"(" 9)%'//9% %$"#(/"#( %) ("'%)) (" )' )"#*+%&"' ("'(" )% %%/9/:# ("

)%' 9,+$%(%'B +" '/*+" +# 9/"$ %%)")/', 9# )%' *"#"%9/#"' "'$%)"9/(%'"# )% ")+9/:# (" )%' ,/',%'

+.1 P),$)# -!)#,/!.

L"#*+%&"' ,-+/#% "#'%,)%("'.

16



+.2 S-0!'# -!)#,/!.

P/,"' )"#*+%&"' (" %)$ #/") /,"%$/ FROTRANB COOL6.

+.3 T))# -!)#,/!.

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%9$+%)/(%( ALGOL 8B PL<IB PASCALB MODULA6.

+.4 C0#)# -!)#,/!.

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NATURALB SQL6.

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LISPB PROLOG6.

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C:(/* &"$ "' 9"%( )' 9,/)%("' #' '/" 9, "#)%9" "#$" ")

*%,% +"#$" ") "&"9+$%)".

LENGUAJES DE PROGRAMACIÓN DE ALTO NIVEL

A 9#$/#+%9/:# '" "'"#$%# %/' (" )' ,-' 9#9/(' +$/)/%('B )"#*+%&"' ("

%)$ #/").

17



.1 FORTRAN

A"/%$+% (" F,+)% $%#')%$ $%(+9$ (" :,+)%'6B +" ("/#/( %)"("( (")

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$9#/9%' 9/"#$/9%'. S" 9%%9$"/% '+ $"#9/% "# )' 9-)9+)' ,%$",-$/9'B

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18



"'$' +(/"%# ,"'" %% $%%&% "# 9+%)+/" $ '/'$",% %'$%#$" -9/). E'$B

") "9 +" +(/"%# 9"'%'" *%,%' (" FORTRAN ,+ "/9%,"#$". L%

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19



"# '+' '"#$"#9/%'B " /#9)+' (+)/9%9/:# "# %)*+#' 9%''B )% /#"/'$"#9/% ("

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20



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*%#/%9/:# % )% +" "$"#"9"B '+ (/"99/:# (") 9" ")"9$:#/9 $%

/#,%9/:# +" '" 9#'/("" ")"%#$".

30



.22 H?PERTAL=

H"T%) "' ") )"#*+%&" ("'%))%( D%# /#)" %% /)) A$/#'#B ") 9"%(

(") H"C%( %% A)"=M%9/#$'. E'$- /"#$%( % )% 9"%9/:# (" %)/9%9/#"'

9#," %) '/'$",% (" /"%9/' '/'$",%' (" /9%' /#$"")%9/#%(%' (#("

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H"T%) "' +# +"# "&",) (" )"#*+%&" /"#$%( % &"$'. E'$" $/ (" )"#*+%&"

9,/#% )% ):*/9% ("9)%%$/% 9# )' %)*/$,' !"% PROLOG6. U# *%,% %

# "' +#% '"9+"#9/% (" /#'$+99/#"' '/# +# 9#&+#$ (" &"$' %*+%(' "#

9#&+#$'B ("/#/(' ,"(/%#$" %$/+$' % )' 9+%)"' +"("# %'9/%'"

/#'$+99/#"'. A'B "# H"C%(B "/'$"# %9/' '$%9' /)%'6 +" %*+%#

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&"$' +" ='/ /"# ,%#$/"#"# "#$" ' +#% ")%9/:# &"-+/9%= $/"#"# %'9/%('

%+"$"' (" /#'$+99/#"' '9/$'6 /#(""#(/"#$"' +#' (" $'. C%(% &"$

"$"#"9" % +# 9#&+#$ 9, /9%' $#"'6 +" $/"#" %$/+$' /'

9,+#"' % $(' '+' ,/",'B 9%(% %$/+$ $"#(- +# %) 9,# "'"9/9

%% 9%(% 9%'. P%% (% +'9% (/9 %) /#$"/"#"# %9"$%' +" '#

/#'$+99/#"' 9"(/,/"#$'6 %'9/%(%'.

.23 P)&

E' +# )"#*+%&" "'"9/%)/%( "# ") 9"'%,/"#$ (" $"$'B %$/9+)%,"#$" "$%"

%)/(% )%' "'+"'$%' % 9+"'$/#%/' /#9)+/(' "# -*/#%' ".

.24 PHP

L"#*+%&" +" '" %9)% %) HTML -*/#%' "6 %% ("/#/ 9"(/,/"#$' +" %

(" "%)/% ") '"/( (" "B "&",) 9"'% +# ,+)%/B "#/% "$%"

(%$' (" +#% %'" (" (%$' %9)-#('" $%,/# 9# +# )"#*+%&" (" $/ SQL6B

"#/% +#% + $% -*/#% " '"*# ("$",/#%(%' 9#(/9/#"' "/&%(%' ")

*%,%(B "$9.

31



.2+ PROLOG

L' /,"' %' (" )% (9%(% (") 70 '# 9#9/(' 9, +# "( (" 9/'/' (")

'$%"B "# +" '" ("'9+/: +" )% 9"%9/:# (" +"#' *%,%' /#)+9%%

9'$' ,%"' +" )' (") %(%" +" )' "&"9+$%. T%,/# '" %9% %$"#$" +#%

9"9/"#$" #"9"'/(%( (" 9"'% 9#9/,/"#$' %)* ,+9 ,-' %,)/

9,)"& +" )' (%$' 9+%#$/$%$/' ,"%' '"9+"#9/%' (" 9%%9$""' % )' 9+%)"'

'" "(+9"# ,+9' )"#*+%&"' (" *%,%9/:#6. E'$% 9/'/' ))": % /#"'$/*%

#+,"'%' %)$"#%$/%'B "#$" )%' 9+%)"' #+"' )"#*+%&"' # %'%(' "#

/#'$+99/#"' %)*$,/9%' 9"(/,/"#$'. S/ ") ," 9"'% ,-' /#,%9/:#

/#""#9/% ):*/9% +" 9-)9+)B ^# (% )% ,-+/#% %9" ) ,/',_

PROLOG P*%,%9/:# "# L:*/9%6 "' +#% "'+"'$% % "'$% 9/'/'B (+9$ (")

%%#9" (" )% ):*/9% ,("#% (" $/ +#9/#%)6. L 9"%# A. C),"#%+" P.

R+''")B 9# )% 9)%%9/:# (" R. >%)'/B '/,+)$-#"%,"#$" "# )% U#/"'/(%( ("

A/=M%'"/))" F%#9/%6 E(/,+* G%# "$%%6. S" %'% "# ") 9-)9+) ("

"(/9%(' (" /," ("# "# ") /#9// (" "')+9/:# (" R/#'#. E# " ("

'" %)*$,/9 9"(+%) "# /#*)'B $,/# '/# $%(+99/:#6B "' ("9/ 9#9"/(

9, +# 9#&+#$ (" /#'$+99/#"' +" )% ,-+/#% ("" "&"9+$% "# ,%

'"9+"#9/%)B "' ("9)%%$/B "' ("9/ %'%( "# ("/#/9/#"' (" "9' "*)%'B9, '" ")/9% ,-' %%&6.

.2 SQL

L"#*+%&" ("'%))%( "'"9/%),"#$" %% %9/)/$% )% 9#'+)$% (" %'"' (" (%$'

D6B %9$%#( *"'/%,"#$" )% '+"(% (" % ") #," (" S"+"#$/%)

Q+" L%#*+%*"6.

E/'$"# #+,"'%' %)/9%9/#"' (" %(,/#/'$%9/:# (" %'"' (" (%$' +"

"9+"# %) SQL L%' ,-' 9#9/(%'B $"#$"' = 9%%' = '# O%9)" " I#,/6.

H '" +"("# %9)% )%' %'"' (" (%$' % /"$"$' -*/#%' "6B %% ) 9+%)

)%' +"#%' %)/9%9/#"' % $%"# ,:(+)' +" %9"# )% 9#"/:#. E) )"#*+%&" PHP

32



(") 9+%) %)%,' ,-' %/% $%,/# '/" %% ("/#/ 9"(/,/"#$' (" /#'"9/:#

(" 9#'+)$% (" (%$' "# D +" +#9/#%# 9# SQL.

.2 ASP

S+ #," "' A9$/" S"" P%*"'. E' +# )"#*+%&" /#(""#(/"#$"B (/'"%(

M/9'$ %% )% 9(//9%9/:# "/9/"#$" (" )' '9/$' (" )' '"/("'B +" +"#

(/'"%(' %% '" "&"9+$%(' +# '"/( " "# "'+"'$% % )% "$/9/:# (" +#

URL (" +# +'+%/. L' '9/$' (" ASP '# '/,/)%"' % $' '9/$' (" '"/("'

9# )' +" +"("' "'$% %,/)/%/%(B +" '# +$/)/%(' "# $%' )%$%,%'B

9, P")B P$#B "$9.

EVOLUCIÓN DE LOS LENGUAJES DE PROGRAMACIÓN

P"/( I#)+"#9/%' L"#*+%&"'1;50 = 55

O("#%("' /,/$/'

L"#*+%&"' "#'%,)%( L"#*+%&"' ""/,"#$%)"'(" A)$ N/")

1;5 = 0

O("#%("' P"+"'B9%' )"#$'

FORTRAN ALGOL 58 0

C/#$%' ,%*#$/9%' COOLC,/)%("' " /#$""$"'O$/,/%9/:# (") 9:(/*

LISP

1;1 = 5

O("#%("' *%#("' 9%' FORTRAN I!D/'9' M%*#$/9' COOL 1 E$"#(/(S/'$",%' "%$/' ALGOL 0 R"/'%(L"#*+%&" (" :'/$ *"#"%)

SNOOL APL 9, #$%9/:# ':)6

1; = 70

O("#%("' (" (/""#$"'$%,%'B ")9/(%("'B 9'$"'

PL<IFORTRAN "'$-#(%6

S/'$",%' (" %),%9"#%,/"#$,%'/ (" (%$' 9%'6

COOL 5 "'$-#(%6 ALGOL 8

S.O. ,+)$/$%"% "/#$"%9$/'

SNOOL4SIMULA 7

C,/)%( 9# $/,/%9/:# ASIC

33



L"#*+%&" "'$-#(%B)"/)"' *"#"%)"'

APL<30

1;71 = 75

M/9 ("#%("'

PASCALCOOL 74PL <I

S/'$",%' (" %),%9"#%,/"#$,%'/ (" (%$' "+"' %%$'

P*%,%9/:# "'$+9$+%(%I#*"#/"% (") '$%"L"#*+%&"' '"#9/))'

1;7 = 80

O("#%("' %%$' $"#$"'

ADA

S/'$",%' (/'$/+/(' FORTRAN 77

P*%,%("' $ /",="%) PROLOGP*%,%("' /#$"%9$/% C A'$%99/:# (" (%$'

P*%,%("' 9# /%/)/(%( -9/) ,%#$"#/,/"#$

T( "'$" ("'%)) (" )%' 9,+$%(%' (" )' )"#*+%&"' (" *%,%9/:#B '+")"

(//'%'" *"#"%9/#"' ") 9/$"/ +" '" ("$",/#: %% ("$",/#% ") 9%,/

(" *"#"%9/:# # "'$- ,+ /"# ("/#/(B " "'+)$% %%"#$" +" (""# 9+,)/'"

%) ,"#' )' '/*+/"#$"' "+/'/$' L% ,% "# +" "'$-# 9#'$+/(%' )% ,% "#

+" ") '" +,%# '" 9,+#/9% 9# "))%'.

6 CONCLUSIONES

EL L"#*+%&" (" P*%,%9/:#B "' +# 9#&+#$ (" %)%%' ',)' +" ",/$"#

%) +'+%/ *"#"% 9,%#(' " /#'$+99/#"' %% +" )% 9,+$%(% )' "&"9+$".

L' )"#*+%&"' (" *%,%9/:# (""# $"#" /#'$+99/#"' +" "$"#"9"# % )%'

9%$"*%' % %,/)/%"' (" "#$%(%<'%)/(%B 9-)9+)<,%#/+)%9/:#B (" $"$'B):*/9%<9,%%9/:#B %),%9"#%,/"#$<"9+"%9/:#.

L' /,"' )"#*+%&"' (" *%,%9/:# '+*/"# (" )% /("% (" C%)"' %%*"B

9#'/'$%# "#$" $%'B "# )% *%,%9/:# ,"(/%#$" $%&"$%' "%(%'.

34



E) )"#*+%&" ,-+/#% "' ") #/9 +" "#$/"#(" (/"9$%,"#$" )% 9,+$%(%B +$/)/% ")

%)%"$ /#%/B +" 9#'$% (" )' (' #/9' ',)' 0 1B ("#,/#%(' /$'. F+"

") /," )"#*+%&" +$/)/%( "# )% *%,%9/:# (" 9,+$%(%'.

E) )"#*+%&" (" %& #/") "' ,-' -9/) (" +$/)/% +" )' )"#*+%&"' ,-+/#%B " %)

/*+%) +" "))'B (""#("# (" )% ,-+/#% "# %$/9+)%. L% 9,+$%(% '/*+"

+$/)/%#( ") )"#*+%&" ,-+/#% %% 9"'% )' (%$'B " )' *%,%'

"#'%,)%("' $%(+9"# %#$"' )' ',)' (" 9:(/* (" "%9/:# "'"9//9%(' %

'+' "+/%)"#$"' "# ") )"#*+%&" ,-+/#%.

E) )"#*+%&" (" %)$ #/") "'$- (/'"%( %% +" )%' "'#%' "'9/%# "#$/"#(%#

)' *%,%' (" +# ,( ,+9 ,-' -9/) +" )' )"#*+%&"' ,-+/#%

"#'%,)%(. U# *%,% "'9/$ "# )"#*+%&" (" %)$ #/") "' /#(""#(/"#$" (" )%

,-+/#%B ) +" "'$' *%,%' '# $%)"' $%#'$%)"'.

H "# (% +$/)/%,' %)/9%9/#"' %% $(B *%,%' "'"9/%)/%(' "#

(/""#$"' $%"%'B "$9`'/ +"",' '%" + % ("$-' (" $( "' #"9"'/$%,'

#%(% "# ") ,%%/))' " /#$""'%#$" ,+#( (" )' )"#*+%&"' (" *%,%9/:# %'

"#$"#(" + 9+%#( % +# &+"* )" ( %) $:# K)% +"( ","% % &+*%B

'"#9/))%,"#$" + +"( %9" +#% '+,% "# +#% 9%)9+)%(% #)/#"B " $(%'""'"#$%# )% /#$"9,+#/9%9/:# "#$" ") ," )% ,-+/#% %% %9/)/$% '+

("'",".

; REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS

L/'

G:,"B >. 20136 El Sistema de las Computadoras. E'%% C"#$ ("

D9+,"#$%9/:# (" E'$+(/' O'/9/#"' M%(/(.

>%#%*+'/9B H. D. 20126 Apuntes Digitales. M/9: U#/"'/(%( N%9/#%) A+$:#,%

(" M/9.

35



L+("# >. C. 20126 Lenguajes de Programación. M/9 A+#$"' (/*/$%)"'B

P/#9//' P%9$/9%.

R"""#9/%' E)"9$:#/9%'

$$<<.%"%$"9#)*/%.9,</#,%$/9%<)"#*+%&"'=("=*%,%9/#.$,)

$$<<.)"#*+%&"'=("=*%,%9/#.9,<)"#*+%&"'=("=*%,%9/#.'$,)

$$<<.,#*%/%'.9,<$%%&'38<$/'=)"#*+%&"'=*%,%9/#<$/'=

)"#*+%&"'=*%,%9/#.'$,)

$$<<"'.//"(/%.*<//<L"#*+%&"a("a*%,%9/VC3V3#

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