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Transcript of Mellor, M. y Ling, D. Medieval Floor Tile. 2009
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8/7/2019 Mellor, M. y Ling, D. Medieval Floor Tile. 2009
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VOLUME 3 2009
Technical Research Bulletin
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101
Etbh bt pctc bt mv:th mmt q Mv f tmb
Maureen Mellor and Denise Ling
SummaryT pp t pctv p by th Bth Mm t tck hz btc
th th v t t t t v. A tt 15 t pvmt p w mvm th m Mv t ptty m (y 43), whch h b bck wth Abtx
b, t mt tht ct btw 25 40% bt. T hv b ctmt,
wth th pvmt th m ct hv b mt py th w Mv
y. A htcy vy mptt q tct, pt cct t t-
t mptc; th ch py xmpy t pct tchq t pct
. T tchc ch mt-ct cvt thh th w ptctv tt xp, c th t mt pct ctct cvt k, wh
th ty th t. It v w t th th hz pt pctc, t t t
hw th Mm t t th pbm.
INRODUCION
T w Mv y, tht p p 2009,
pt pptty t py m th Mv
t pvmt pt tt thm y
Mv Ep, ad 10501500. T Bth Mm h
th bt cct Mv z ct th-
w t pvmt Bt. T fct th pb ttc
vt y cm m th twh cty,
th ctv ttmt wth th y m tht
ct t vv t th xtth cty [1]. T
pvmt pv pctc, h w b
c whch t wk. T p z mc pvmtpt by th mk th E th
Sct w pbby tc m Ctc h
Fc Gmy wh cmpb f w
[2]. A vy t tt t-mk w tc
t th E th c qt th th-
tth cty. T cc pvmt wth
w cmm by Hy III h chp t C
Pc, Wth. Ity y pt, th
t wth ctv mt tbh w h tht
th p thht th E (, xmp,
Mchy Abby Sby Cth) by [3].
Lt t wth w pt by w p-
p mcht [1; pp. 239240 F VII (v. 1),
4, 5] t ct h t Act Ct,
Bt [6; p. 295 F 159] c c th
t w tt t cy pt chv
mt ct tht py bth p Cht
cphy, pv m chhp.
WHA CAN ILES ELL US ABOU A
BUILDING?
Mv pv t htc cmt tht mk tpb t wth th ctt bh th .
T xy t Chty Abby, wth pc-
t t t th c h th thtth cty, t
t Ath c tht th pp mc
tm I [7, 8]. Sm th t b
c ptt v, mb hm-h
tq. T t w p t pct chbhp,
q k my hv b py ch
cctc tt, wh th f t
bv t hv b t c y tt,
th ptm t W Ct m pbby w-
tm t th Pc Wtmt [9].
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MAUREEN MELLOR AND DENISE LING
02
In a oyal sttn ths Mdval pavn tls hlpd to
convy pow and also commncatd dcatonal stos o
omancs. T pavmnts a snfs o spac [0], and
v an nsht nto th walth o dcoaton n th pvat
apatmnts o th kn and qn at Clandon Palac, a
avod hntn lod [3]. T nlad dsns may hav
bn copd om pattn books, bstas o fn txtls,and th alphabtc tls also sst that th nn ccl o
th cot was ltat.
North Yorkshire pavements: Byland and Rievaulx abbeys
In an cclsastcal sttn ths Mdval pavn tls hlpd
cat a smpl and contmplatv nvonmnt, to ad md-
taton, pays and tals n th monks daly l (ltcal
ncton). Ts typ o tln was popla n Cstcan
monasts n Yoksh n th thtnth cnty, as sn n
th plan lazd mosac pavmnts at th abbys o Byland
and Rvalx [4, 5].Ts tl mosacs s th combnaton
o dnt tl shaps wth altnatn colos to bn ot
th omty o th dsn. T typ s thoht to hav dvl-
opd n noth wst Eop n mtaton o colod Italan
ston mosac oos, and th mosac smnts w pobably
mad and lad ot by monastc tls. T achtctal ston-
wok nsd th monasty chch at Byland was batd to
tak th tls, sstn that th mosac pavmnts w
ntndd as an ntal pat o th nto dsn. T pav-
mnt sn n F was pat o a la panl contann a
ccla pattn, whch had bn assmbld om loos tls
ond at Byland Abby. Ts aanmnt can stll b sn
n th noth chapl o th soth tanspt at Byland Abby,
althoh th laz s now vy won.In th lat Mddl As ntals, bss and nsna
cold convy th ndvdalty and pow o a local abbot,
as at Hals Abby [6; p. and F 8], o th symbolc
mann o th Passon (as llstatd at Gat Malvn
Poy), mndn popl abot th bls. T cono-
aphc datn o ths tls hlps to docmnt th hstoy
o th bldn and to ndcat whn bshmnt took
plac [6; p. 363 and F 242]. At th lvl o th pash,
tls povd an nsht nto local commnts, o xampl,
th dtald dsns n l and cont-l o th lp
hosptal pavmnt ond in situ at Bton Lazas, th last
lp hosptal n th conty. It onally omd pat o
th Od o St Lazas o Jsalm and was sbjctd to
Astnan l. Fom th md-thtnth cnty th
mast o Bton Lazas also bcam th mast o th Od
n Enland. Som o th dsns ncld haldy that lnks to
dynastc amls, bt also to a mchant who may hav bn
a paton o th hosptal [; pp. 78 and F III (vol.
), 6; p. 26 and F 29].
igure 1. Plan mosac pavmnt om th st o Byland Abby, Noth Yoksh, assmbld om loos tls, omly on dsplay n th Md-val tl and potty oom: 947,0505.63396722
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ESABLISHING BES PRACICE IN ASBESOS REMOVAL
Te kings and queens inlaid tiled pavements fromClarendon Palace, Wiltshire
Clandon Palac was a hntn lod o th Noman kns
and also bcam a avot oyal sdnc nd Hny II.
Hny III (nd 11617) spnt btwn 3000 and 4000ponds on th xtnson and mbllshmnt o ts bldns
[17]. Labo was mch chap n th thtnth cnty
than today, bt ths palac was stll vy costly and ths
Mdval tls, whch a dsplayd n th nwly bshd
Mdval ally, a to b njoyd, whl thy also povd
nomaton abot th lty, tholoy, at hstoy, hstoy
and achaoloy o th Mddl As.
Scattd tls ond n th vcnty o th kns cham-
bs w sd to cat th ccla pattns, omn pat
o th kns pvat chapl on th pp foo, F . T
nlad pavmnt wth pancn lons and ns had bn
ond in situ dn xcavaton o th qns ond foo
pvat apatmnts, F 3. T tls o th kns pavmnt
cold b tacd to a kln na th palac, whch was movd
om th st n 1964 and constctd n th om Md-
val tl and potty oom.
RECEN HISORY OF HE ILE COLLECION
Fo th past 30 yas mch o th Msms collcton o
Mdval tls cold b vwd n th om Mdval tl
and potty oom, whch was a qay o nomaton both
o stdnts o Mdval camcs and o th ntstd
pblc; s [16]. On th pp balcony n ths ally tls
w dsplayd that showd th many dnt aspcts and
tchnqs o tl dsn and abcaton assocatd wth
ndvdal schools o podcton btwn th twlh and
th sxtnth cnty n Mdval Enland.
igure 2. Rconstctd ccla tld chapl foo om th kns apatmnts at Clandon Palac assmbld om tls cov-d dn xcavatons wth plast ap lls. A lost nscpton on th otmost band s constctd asPavimentum HenriciRegis Anglie (th pavmnt o Hny, Kn o Enland); th nnmost band s also mssn, and ts dsn has bn dsptd:1957,1006.vaos
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MAUREEN MELLOR AND DENISE LING
HE DISCOVERY OF ASBESOS
CONAMINAION
Sval o ths nq pavmnts w dstnd o ds-
play n th nw Mdval ally that opnd n Mach 2009,
bt t was dscovd that thy had bn backd n th 1970s,
whn Asbstolx boad had bn sd as th montn
matal. Asbstos nslaton boad (AIB), commonly
known as Asbstolx, was sd by th constcton ndsty
thohot th UK om th 1950s ntl th aly 1980s.
AIBs typcally contan btwn 25 and 40% asbstos fb,
nomally bown asbstos (amost o nt) and/owht asbstos (chysotl). Gvn th wll-pblczd
dans o asbstos, and that amost has bn bannd
n th UK snc 1 Janay 1986, t s not spsn that
Asbstolx dos not mt cnt halth and saty lsla-
ton [18].1 I th backd tl panls had bn l ntact, th
sk om th Asbstolx boad wold hav bn nlbl;
th sk ban only onc th tls w movd om th
wall and any mchancal nvstatv o consvaton wok
was cad ot. As th tls had bn adhd to th boad
sn BAL FLEX, a two-pat, wat-sstant bb-basd
wall tl adhsv that ndd to b movd mchancally, a
staty was ndd to mov and dsmantl th asbstos-
contamnatd Mdval tl pavmnts; sch a staty was
dvlopd and mplmntd n atmn 2006.
DECONAMINAION AND CONSERVAION
REAMEN
Preliminary steps
Fst, consvatos sachd th wb o nstancs o smla
tatmnts and postd mssas on th onln consvaton
om, Conservation DistList, askn o advc om othswho had xpnc o daln wth asbstos assocatd wth
msm objcts. Howv, t povd dclt to fnd cons-
vatos wth th lvl o asbstos tann qd to cay ot
ths wok and th ncssay lcnc. Oth msms wth
smla xpncs had sd lcnsd asbstos contactos
who had wokd n clos consltaton wth consvatos. T
Btsh Msm had xpnc o sn sch contactos on
bldn pojcts, bt not to mov asbstos om objcts n
th collcton.
T fst sta was to cay ot a plot stdy n th
Mdval tl and potty oom, whch had by thn bn
closd, sn a lcnsd asbstos contacto, R & F Insla-
tons Ltd. T am was to dvlop a sa mthod o movnth tl pavmnts om th walls, ollowd by a sa mthod
o dcontamnatn and consvn thos tls montd
on Asbstolx boad. T halth and saty latons
o wokn wth asbstos qd spcal accommoda-
ton aanmnts, th nd to ct an solaton tnt, sta
potcton, asbstos monton, dcontamnaton aclts,
and shot-tm asbstos-contand and sc stoa o th
panls.
A comphnsv sk assssmnt was ndtakn
covn all aspcts o th pojct. T pojct mana at
th Btsh Msm lasd wth th halth and saty tam
at th London Booh o Camdn (th local athoty o
igure 3. Pat o th ond oo pavmnt om Qn Elano oPovncs chamb, mad 12501252 and ond in situ at ClandonPalac. T onal pavmnt ncldd mo tls n th cntal panlthan a cntly hld by th Btsh Msm: 1957,1204.vaos
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ESABLISHING BES PRACICE IN ASBESOS REMOVAL
th aa), who vstd th ally th wks bo wok
commncd to ns all th coct pocds wold b
ollowd.
Te preparatory stage
o cat a wokn spac, som 1200 objcts had to b
movd om th ond foo and pp foo (balcony)
n th ally and accommodatd lswh bo wok on
th tl pavmnts and panls ban. All th majo tl nstal-
latons w photoaphd po to dsmantln, and a sk
assssmnt and consvaton assssmnt w cad ot by
on o th athos (DL) and a colla. Onc th objcts
om th low foo had bn movd om th cass,
th constctd Mdval kln om Clandon Palac was
dsmantld po to lon-tm loan to a nw ally at th
Vctoa and Albt Msm.
Te pilot project
Onc th oom was mpty t was ncssay to bld a hoadn
aond th ally doo wth stabl sna n od to
contol accss, whch was stctd to namd popl who
ndd to vw th wok thoh th vwn panl n th
wall o th nclos that was blt sbsqntly. T nd
o lvant sta to hav a mdcal pot to vy that thy
had no spatoy poblms was consdd, bt ltmatly
dmd nncssay.
o tst th mthodoloy a small scton o a tl pavmnt
on th pp foo was slctd. Ts compsd nlad andplan lazd tls covd in situ om th chancl o Hal-
sown Abby n th Wst Mdlands [1; pp. 179181 and F
VIb (vol. 1)].Fll asbstos potctv mass, ncldn th
bldn o an nclos tnt, w mplmntd. T scton
o pavmnt had bn sppotd on backts concald by
std walln, whch had to b movd to assss th cond-
ton o th Asbstolx boad. Many o th tls had pvosly
bn pad and had aas o stoaton. T sacs o
thos tls that lookd patclaly al w acd sn
Paalod B-72 (thyl mthacylat copolym) and nylonossam to potct thm dn moval, F .
Wan dsposabl ovalls and appopat masks, th
Msms havy objct handln tam and msm assst-ants ld th pavmnt o th wall to allow t to b nspctd
by th spcalst contacto to stablsh ts condton. T
contacto thn wappd th panl n polythn to contan
any bs dn th tans to th solaton nclos st
p naby, and lad t ac down onto a potctv oam bd,
F .
Onc th pavmnt had bn solatd th mtal am
was nscwd. At st t appad t wold pov latvly
stahtowad to ct th bb adhsv om btwn
th tls and th Asbstolx boad. Ts wold lav th
Asbstolx boad ntact, whch s a qmnt o th Halth
and Saty Exctv (HSE) lslaton that pohbts ntn-
igure 4. Dtal o tl pavmnt wth l and cont l-stampd dcoaton ond in situ at th lp hosptal at BtonLazas, Lcstsh. Ts tls, stampd wth a mchants mak,had abl sacs, som o whch w acd wth adhsv andnylon ossam dn th pocss o dsmantln th old dsplay:197,00.660 vaos
tonal dama to Asbstolx boad, as ths wold las
asbstos bs. Unotnatly t povd mpossbl to ct,
saw o son th bb adhsv. T contactos th-
o sd fat mtal tools whch w ntly tappd wth ahamm to spaat th tl and bb adhsv om th
Asbstolx boad. T thcknss o th adhsv (1 mm)
allowd th tls to b movd wthot th tool comn
nto contact wth th tls. Wthn lss than two hos th
contactos had movd all 6 tls om th Asbstolx
boad, ast than poammd and asn concns o th
consvaton and catoal sta abot th handln o th
tls (s blow). Onc th asbstos had bn movd, th
tls w lad ot n tays and hld n qaantn wthn th
solaton tnt.
T Asbstolx boad was dobl bad and tap-sald
ady o claanc om th wokn nclos. T a n
igure 5. Som o th Msms havy objct handls and msmassstants cay th wappd tl panl nto th potctv tnt; thvwn panl s on th ht
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MAUREEN MELLOR AND DENISE LING
th nclos was montod, toth wth th aa mm-
datly otsd th nclos. Onc th wok was complt
a ll nvonmntal clan o th nclos was cad ot
and smok tsts condctd to confm that th sals o th
tnt w ctv. An a tst thn cad ot by Cavndsh
Laboatos Ltd confmd that th aa was clan and th
tnt cold b dsmantld.
Te main project
Fo th man phas, t was ad that mo dtald mon-
ton o th contactos wold b qd, ncldn a
consstnt valaton o th contactos handln o th tls
and th tatmnt pocss. In Apl 2007, th pojct mana
calld a st mtn to ntodc th contactos to Msm
sta and to condct a db ollown th plot pojct.
o addss concns om both sds, th contactos w
askd to daw p a Gantt chat o th pojctd wok on th
mo tl panls, ach o whch had bn constctd slhtly
dntly. o mantan contnty and bld on xpnc
alady and, a mmb o th R & F Inslatons tam was
appontd to spvs th pojct. It was dcdd that Btsh
Msm consvatos wold photoaph vy sta and
vy pocss, that th contactos, consvatos and cato
wold commncat laly sn mobl phons and thatth wold b a wkly mtn n an ncontamnatd aa
to dscss th wok n poss. T dsnd solaton tnt
ncldd vwn panls to allow Msm sta to monto
ach sta o tatmnt.
Halth and saty qmnts ncldd wan asbstos
potcton sts and a-d masks, whch povd physcally
xhastn ov lon pods, F . A ach pod
wokn n th solaton tnt, th contactos sd a mobl
dcontamnaton nt lswh n th Msm; typcally
wok pods w no lon than 90 mnts. In addton,
all tools and qpmnt w swabbd clan bo lavn
th solaton tnt to pvnt coss-contamnaton.
igure 6. Spcalst asbstos contactos, wan potctv clothn and wokn n th solaton tnt, ntly psn th Malvn tls and thdak y bb adhsv backn o th Asbstolx boad
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ESABLISHING BES PRACICE IN ASBESOS REMOVAL
ASBESOS A NALYSIS
As a pcatonay mas a psntatv nmb o
tls hld n qaantn w analysd to confm that no
asbstos sds w psnt. T slts w not as
antcpatd, snc asbstos sds w dntfd adhd
to th bb adhsv. O th 46 tls sampld, ht wond to hav ths sconday asbstos sds, psmd
to as om coss-contamnaton as th mtal tool scapd
aanst th bb adhsv and th sac lay o th
Asbstolx boad. Follown dscssons wth Camdns
Envonmntal Halth Oc, advc was soht om
th Pncpal Inspcto at th London oc o th HSE.
As a slt, th Msm appoachd KAD Envonmntal
Consltancy Ltd, to povd a dtald, costd poposal
and poamm o th moval o th mann fbs n
th adhsv sd. It was commndd that scannn
lcton mcoscopy (SEM) shold b sd to dtmn
th qantty o fbs mann on th tls, how thy w
mbddd and whth fbs mand wthn cacks o
cvcs.
A scond analyss, dsnd to tst a scond dcontam-
naton sta, was mplmntd n Ast 200. On o th
athos (MM) took 12 psntatv tls o tstn to th
Insttt o Occpatonal Mdcn (IOM) n Ednbh.
H th tls w ach nwappd and placd n a m
cpboad wth an asbstos flt. A sampl was takn om
th ot ac o th bb adhsv o SEM xamnaton.
A 2 mm thck lay o adhsv was thn scapd o and
th back cland wth a HSE-appovd vacm clan to
mov any fbs, thby lmnatn th possblty o
coss-contamnaton. A th sampl o th adhsv was
thn takn clos to th sac o th tl. T pot on th
analyss o th 24 sampls takn om th 12 tls confmdthat onc th otmost lay o adhsv had bn movd
th asbstos sk was low.
ADDRESSING HE SECONDARY
DECONAMINAION
T d o contamnaton o th adhsv mpld that
ach tl wold nd to ndo an nxpctd scond
sta o dcontamnaton that had not bn osn and
wold tho hav an mpact on both th poamm
and bdt. It was not possbl o th R & F Inslatons
tam to cay ot ths nxt lvl o dcontamnaton, as t
wold ncsstat wokn dctly on th sac o th
tls.
Intally, t was hopd that, wth appopat pcatons
o halth and saty, Btsh Msm consvatos mht
tat th mo than 3000 tls a thy had bn ndvd-
ally wappd and lablld by th contactos wthn th
igure 7. T nmbn systm o th ndvdal plan mosac pavmnt om Byland Abby (dtal)
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MAUREEN MELLOR AND DENISE LING
isoion r. Tis, n h i o ngging rnc i
consrvor o work h Musum, prov o imprc-
ic, so numr o spciiss wr invi o nr or
h projc, incuing Hrig is L, who h rcny
crri ou work or h Vicori n Ar Musum.
Afr nghy communicion wn pris i ws
gr h h conmin pvmns cou rns-por o Hrig is in Shropshir or n cning.
Ty wou so rmoun hr o h rgr pvmns,
whi Briish Musum consrvors wou rmoun h
smr scions (s ow), ving h pin mosic i
pvmn rom Rivux Ay o moun som
sg in h uur.
HE REAMEN PROCESS
Primary decontamination
Foowing h pio suy simir mhooogy ws
op or primry conminion o h rmining
pns n pvmn h uppr gry v (Mvrn,
Wssx n Buron Lzrs), which wr h rs o
r whn, in Jun 2007, i ws gr h R & F Insu-
ions shou coninu o conmin h rmining
pvmns, Figur 6.
T comp pvmn rom Cnygns Hous,
mrchns hous in Rci Sr, Briso, originy i
wn ad 480 n 55, rquir n isoion n o
ui ovr h who pvmn o 499 is [6; p. 2 n
Figur 9]. T conrcors rc rg n in h oyo h room o r his pvmn n h smr scion
o pvmn rom His Ay.
Owing o hir compxiy (wigh, siz n posiion
ov h sirwy), scoing ws ncssry o rmov h
Byn n Rivux pvmns rom h w. In Dcmr
2007 h hvy ojcs hning s rough in ifing gr
n pc i h uppr gry v; h scors nx
ins porms n hn ohr Musum s i in
h ifing procss. Onc hs rg vric mosic w
pvmns (Byn: 485 is, n Rivux: 544 is) h
n rmov rom h w n pc horizon, on o
h uhors (DL) ws o gin work on h gomric
is. T surc o ch i ws numr wih rmov-
mrkr, n h inormion hn rnsrr o in
rwing o ch pvmn on psic m, Figur 7.R & F Insuions coninu o conmin h
pvmns in s ncosur, pssing h iniviu-
y wrpp is o consrvors or sorg in ock
cupors in h gry. Onc h primry conmin-
ion work ws comp, h Musum ws provi wih
crics o roccupion.
Secondary decontamination
In Frury 2008 h conmin is wr coc
rom h Musum or ivry o h suios o Hrig
is, . T rmn o h is o rmov h
cking hsiv ook pc ovr prio o six monhs.
Bor cocing h r is, h Musum rquir
ssurnc h h cning procss h n civ, so
smp o 60 is rom h Cnyngs, His n Buron
Lzrs pvmns ws nys y Bry Environmn
Consuns in Spmr 2008. Foruny, on his occ-
sion, no ssos rs wr c n h is wr
rurn o h Musum or rispy or sorg.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
T prociv rspons y h Musum o ck
hzrous susnc rhr hn simpy wrp hs i
pns n v h issu or uur gnrion o rsov,
ows much o suppor or h projc snior v in h
Musum. A nin i pvmns prviousy moun on
Assoux hv n conmin, wih hr hving
n rmoun y ousi spciiss or ispy in h
Pvmn Numro is
Dimnsions xcuing xisingrm (mm)
i numr n yp(vrg mss)
Esim omss (kg)
Byn Ay (mosic) 485 (rispy) 90 (high: h) 275 (wih: w) 40 (hicknss: )
485 sm (300 g) 50
Buron Lzrs hospi 2 (20 rispy) 50 (h) 800 (w) 2023() 2 mium (600 g) 70
Cnyngs, mrchnshous, Briso
499 5860 (h) 4090 (w) 2730() 499 rg (200 g) 800
His Ay rus 80 (6 rispy) 607 (h) 60 (w) 2630() 6 rg (200 g) 20
Hsown Ay 56 570 (h) 340 (w) 30() 56 mium (600 g) 30
Kings, Crnon Pc,Wishir
244 (rispy) 2250 (h) 20 (w) 29() 8 rg (200 g)63 mium (600 g)
200
Mvrn Priory 37 (5 rispy) 093 (h) 63 (w) 33() 5 rg (200 g) 6
Quns, Crnon Pc,Wishir
96 (rispy) 2640 (h) 040 (w) 24() 70 rg (200 g)26 mium (600 g)
60
Rivux Ay (mosic) 544 200 (h) 600 (w) 3337() 544 sm (300 g) 60
table 1. Summry o h pvmns r n rispy, incuing is o numrs o is, imnsions n mss
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8/7/2019 Mellor, M. y Ling, D. Medieval Floor Tile. 2009
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109
ESABLISHING BES PRACICE IN ASBESOS REMOVAL
new Medieval gallery. Te choice o which pavements to
redisplay was difcult as all nine are historically signi-
cant. Te three chosen illustrate dierent aspects and tech-
niques o tile production and design and will be displayed
as part o an integrated and themed gallery, while smaller
sections have been remounted in-house (Hailes, Malvern
and Burton Lazars).Tis contribution has outlined the technical challenges o
remote-control conservation through the walls o a protec-
tive tent; training the specialist contractors in conservation
skills and monitoring their work ell largely to one o the
authors (DL). Tis marathon task o enabling the public to
view these magnicent Medieval pavements again while
ensuring the saety o the sta, gives a warning to others
o the hazards o past practices and sets out to show the
Museums solution to the problem [19]. Te procedure
undertaken by the Museum is one that could be recom-
mended to others.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENS
Te authors are enormously grateul or the support and advicereceived rom their colleagues at the British Museum: Rainer Geschke,Sue Greetham, Zoe Hancock, Marilyn Hockey, David Saunders, Chriserrey, Ken Uprichard and Jonathan Williams. Te photographs inFigures 13 were taken by John Williams and those in Figures 47by Denise Ling.
AUHORS
Maureen Mellor ([email protected]) is a ormer curatorin the Department o Prehistory and Europe and Denise Ling ([email protected]) a conservator in the Department o Conser-vation and Scientic Research at the British Museum.
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1. Eames, E., Catalogue o Medieval lead-glazed earthenware tilesin the Department o Medieval and Later Antiquities, 2 volumes,British Museum, London (1980).
2. Robinson, J., Masterpieces: Medieval art, British Museum Press,
London (2008) 6263.
3. ileWeb: Paving-tile Watercolours Online, Te Parker-Hore ArchiveCollection o Watercolours o Paving-tiles held in Worcester andin the Ashmolean Museum, Oxord, http://tileweb.ashmolean.museum (accessed 10 March 2009).
4. Eames, E., Decorated tile pavements in English Medieval houses,in Rotterdam Papers II: a contribution to medieval archaeology, ed.J.G.N. Renaud, Rotterdam (1975) 79 and Figures IIIV.
5. Eames, E., Te Canynges Pavement, Journal o the British Archae-ological Association XIV (1951) 3346 and Figures XXIIXXVI.6. Marks, R. and Williamson, P., Gothic: art or England 14001547,
Victoria and Albert Museum. London (2003) 295 and Figure 159.7. Gardiner, J.S. and Eames, E., A tile kiln at Chertsey Abbey, Journal
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10. Richardson, A., Review o Te Medieval iles o Wales byJ.M. Lewis, Medieval Archaeology XLV (2001) 414.
11. Beaumont James, . and Gerrard, C., Clarendon: landscape okings, Windgather Press, Bollington (2007).
12. Eames, E., Te royal apartments at Clarendon Palace in the reign
o Henry III, Journal o the British Archaeological AssociationXXVIII (1965) 5785.13. Eames, E., A thirteenth-century tile pavement rom the Kings
Chapel, Clarendon Palace, Journal o the British ArchaeologicalAssociation XXVI (1963) 4050.
14. Ferguson, P. and Harrison, S., Rievaulx Abbey, Yale UniversityPress, New Haven (1999).
15. Stopord, J., Medieval foor tiles o northern England, OxbowBooks, Oxord (2005).
16. Eames, E., English Medieval tiles, British Museum Press, London(1985).
17. Beaumont James, ., Te palaces o Medieval England, Seaby,London (1990) 78.
18. Te Control o Asbestos Regulations 2006: Statutory Instrument2006 No. 2739, 13 November 2006, http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si2006/20062739.htm (accessed 10 March 2009).
19. Uprichard, R.K., Te British Museum, personal communication(2008).
NOE
1. Current UK regulations bring together the three previous setso regulations, which covered the prohibition o asbestos, thecontrol o asbestos at work and asbestos licensing. Tese regula-tions prohibit the import, supply and use o all orms o asbestos.Tey continue the ban introduced or blue and brown asbestos in1985 and or white asbestos in 1999 and also continue to ban thesecond-hand use o asbestos products such as asbestos cementsheets and asbestos boards and tiles, including panels that have
been covered with paint or textured plaster containing asbestos.