Manual Para El Cultivo de Cacao en Un Sistema Agroforestal 1996, , Make a [email protected] / Haga...

8/14/2019 Manual Para El Cultivo de Cacao en Un Sistema Agroforestal 1996, www.ccd.org.ec, Make a [email protected] / Haga una donacin

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@D_DLBH\ _D\D_UI@H\ ?66= LHG\D_UILMHG % @D\I__HCCH V_HBMOM@I CI _DV_H@TLLMG VI_LMICH PHPIC @D D\PD PDRPH ( LHGPDGM@H \MG ITPH_M[ILMG @D LHG\D_UILMG % @D\I__HCCH

ZZZ'LL@'H_J'DL# \TJD_DGLMI\FLL@'H_J'DLBPPV;((ZZZ'\L_MO@'LHN(LHG\D_UILMHG%@D\I__HCCH

NIGTIC VI_I DC LTCPMUH @D LILIH DG TG \M\PDNI IJ_HEH_D\PIC


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V_H]DLPH @D LILIH LD_PMEMLI@H DLHCJMLH

MGP_H@TLLMHG

Ci| nh`drgi| plgmli| ijrlhci| big m`h `d|vci{ig`h vitcipmgindgpd i ci| umdki| vrlpmli| `d gtd|prh| linvd|mgh|# } |d biglhgudrpm`h dg tg |mggmnh `d vrhjrd|h' Ci pdg`dglmi jdgdric `d d|pi| plgmli| nh`drgi| d| itndgpir ci vrh`tlpmumì` vhr |tvdremlmd

ltcpmuiì# ch ltic ì lhnh rd|tcpi`h dc d|piocdlmnmdgph `d nhghltcpmuh|' \mg dnoirjh# }i |hg invcmindgpd lhghlmì| ci|lhg|dltdglmi| gdjipmui| ytd dc nhghltcpmuh pmdgd |hord dc nd`mh inomdgpd gh |ch vhr dc t|h dld|muh `d ijrhytnmlh| } `dniytmgirmi |hem|pmliì# |mgh ytd# vhr vrmglmvmh# dc nhghltcpmuh mnvcmli ci `d|prtllmg } rdnhlmg `dc dgphrgh giptric# iedlpig`hgdjipmuindgpd i ci omh`mudr|mì`'

Ci| vrlpmli| pri`mlmhgicd| `d vrh`tllmg# i `medrdglmi `d ch| nhghltcpmuh|# mnvcmlig tgi rdcilmg nt} d|prdlbi `d ci| |hlmdì`d|btnigi| lhg dc nd`mh inomdgpd } ci giptricd{i' Tgh `d d|ph| |m|pdni| ytd dgpriig dg | nm|nh tg vrhetg`h lhghlmnmdgph }lhnvrdg|mg `dc nd`mh inomdgpd } |t mgpdrillmg lhg dc |m|pdni vrh`tlpmuh# lhg|pmpt}d dc |m|pdni ijrhehrd|pic `d lilih# dg dc ytd ci|

nipi| `d lilih |d lhnomgig lhg rohcd| ertpicd| } ni`driocd| ytd i ci ud{ `d ìr |hnori ic lilih# ìg tg ivhrpd mnvhrpigpd `dgtprmdgpd| ic |tdch } vrhvhrlmhgig rdetjmh } icmndgph viri ci eitgi i|hlmiì ic lilih# dg licmì` `d vhcmgm{i`hrd| h `m|vdr|hrd| `d|dnmcci'

Dc ltcpmuh `d lilih dg dc Dlti`hr pmdgd tgi |mgjtcir mnvhrpiglmi dg ci dlhghni `dc vi| }i ytd |d pripi `d tg vrh`tlph ijrlhci `ddvhrpilmg# ytd lrdi `mum|i| viri dc vi| } i`dn| d| dc |h|pg dlhgnmlh `d vrh`tlphrd|# lhndrlmigpd| } prioiki`hrd|'


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Ci Lhrvhrilmg `d Lhg|druilmg } @d|irrhcch LL@ bi um|ph ci ldrpmemlilmg lhnh tgi icpdrgipmui `d Vrh`tllmg }Lhndrlmicm{ilmg ytd vh|momcmpi tg ndkhr vh|mlmhginmdgph `dc vrh`tlph dg dc ndrli`h gilmhgic d mgpdrgilmhgic'

Lhg dc illd|h i d|ph| ndrli`h|# dc vrh`tlphr ui i ndkhrir ci |mptilmg ilptic pigph |hlmhdlhgnmlindgpd# lhnh inomdgpicndgpd }iytd rdlmomr tg vrdlmh kt|ph vhr |t vrh`tlph } i ci ud{ pdg`r tg mgldgpmuh } tgi icpdrgipmui viri |hctlmhgir ch| vrhocdni| `dlhgpinmgilmg ytd vrh`tld ci ilpmumì` ijrlhci lilihpdri |hord dc nd`mh inomdgpd'

Ilpticndgpd ci LL@ d|pi prioikig`h dg dc Vrhjrini `d Ldrpmemlilmg Dlhcjmli `d Lilih lhg ci I|hlmilmg `d vrh`tlphrd| `d DcVrhjrd|h lhg ci emgicmì` `d ytd ch| vrh`tlphrd| vtdìg hopdgdr ch| odgdemlmh| ytd d|pd |m|pdni ijrhehrd|pic vtd`d ormgìrcd| }vrhnhudr d|pd |m|pdni `d vrh`tllmg ytd i n| `d vrhuddr ndkhrd| odgdemlmh| dlhgnmlh| i ch| vrh`tlphrd|# ivhrpilhg|m`driocdndgpd i ci lhg|druilmg `dc nd`mh inomdgpd'

Virpmdg`h `dc vtgph `d um|pi `d ytd tg btdrph `d lilih d| tg oh|ytd |dltgìrmh dc Vrhjrini `d Ldrpmemlilmg Dlhcjmli pripi `dmglhrvhrir gtdui| pdlghchji| `d linvh viri ytd dc vrh`tlphr nigdkd d|pd lrmpdrmh lhg lirlpdr dlhcjmlh lhnh tg lhnvcdndgph viri

dc mph `d d|pi ilpmumì` ijrlhci'Ch| rdg`mnmdgph| `d vrh`tllmg vhr tgmì` `d rdi |hg nt} oikh| dg dc Dlti`hr# } vh`dnh| ndglmhgir icjtgh| eilphrd| ytdlhgemrnig d|pi |mptilmg lhnh;

Dm|pd tgi jrig ligpmì` `d dgedrndì`d| lit|iì| vhr bhgjh|' Ci ni}hr virpd `d ch| btdrph| |tvdrig ch| lmgltdgpi ih| Dc icph nd|pmlm|nh `d ci| vcigpi| vrh`tld tg edgndgh `d |djrdjilmg' Eicpi `d plgmli| `d nigdkh `d ci| vcigpilmhgd|' Eicpi `d vhcpmli| `d ivh}h vhr virpd `dc d|pi`h# lhnh lr`mph| ocig`h|' Eicpi `d tg d|ytdni rilmhgic `d lhndrlmicm{ilmg'


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I vd|ir `d ph`h| d|ph| vrhocdni|# dc ltcpmuh `d lilih dg dc Dlti`hr d| mgpdrd|igpd# }i ytd ci lirilpdr|pmli `d vh|ddr irhni echric d|

gmli dg dc ntg`h' Ci mg`t|prmi mgpdrgilmhgic tpmcm{i dc lilih dltiphrmigh lhnh ndkhri`hr `d |t| vrh`tlph| pdrnmgi`h|'


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PICCH\ ] _INI\

Dg ci| vcigpi| vrhudgmdgpd| `d |dnmcci|# |d `ig `h| ehrni| `d lrdlmnmdgph; dc hrphprvmlh h udrpmlic } dc vcijmhprvmlh# cipdric h ivmlic'Ltig`h jdrnmgi tgi icndg`ri `d lilih |d mgmlmi lhg lrdlmnmdgph udrpmlic# |tod bi|pi tgi icptri `d 9 i 9'? n'# ntdrd ci }dni ivmlichrphprvmli } `i vi|h i ci vrd|dglmi `d < i 4 }dni| vcijmhprvmli| h ivmlird|# ehrnig`h i| dc vrmndr vm|h h nhcmgmcch "emj'


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@dvdg`mdg`h `d ci| lhg`mlmhgd| jdhjremli| } lcmnpmli| `dc ltcpmuh |d vtd`dg vrh`tlmr echrd| ph`h dc ih' Ci edrpmcm{ilmg `tri

ivrhmni`indgpd


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Ci| |dnmcci| h icndg`ri| ltig`h d|pg ni`tri| |hg `d lhchr inirmcch h nhri`h `d iltdr`h i ci uirmdì` `dc lilih' Icjtgi| |hg `d

ehrni huiciì# hpri| icirjiì|# dm|pdg hpri| ytd `dntd|prig tgi lhg|prmllmg ldrli ic vd`gltch# ìg`h tgi ehrni li|m `d ohpdcci"emj' 96-'

Ci| |dnmcci| h icndg`ri| d|pg ltomdrpi| vhr tgi vtcvi h ntlcijh i`bdrmì| i tgi vcildgpi h udgi ytd bild lhnh dkd ldgpric "emj'99-' Dg ltigph i ci ehrni } lhchr `d ci |dnmcci bi} tgi vdytdi uirmdì` `d iltdr`h i ch| jdghpmvh|' @d|vhkiì ci oioi h ntlcijh#}i |di vhr ciui`h h |dli`h# ch| lhpmcd`hgd| `d ci icndg`ri ytdìg vrhpdjm`h| vhr tgi pd|pi# ci nm|ni ytd d| tgi dguhcptri vhlh jrtd|i} li|m mnvdrndiocd "emj' 9?-'

LIVPTCH 0; LCI\MEMLILMG @D UI_MD@I@D\ @D LILIH VH_ \T MNVH_PIGLMI LHND_LMIC

Dc lilih d| tgi vcigpi prhvmlic vdrpdgdlmdgpd i ci einmcmi \pdrltcmildid# jgdrh Pdhorhni# ic ytd vdrpdgdldg tgi| ?6 d|vdlmd|# tgi `dci| lticd| d| dc Pdhorhni lilih# dc `d ni}hr mnvhrpiglmi lhndrlmic' @dgprh `d d|pi d|vdlmd# |d lhg|m`dri dg ci ilpticmì` tg lhnvcdkh`d uirmdì`d| `mum`mì| dg prd| jrtvh|; Ch| lrmhcch|# ehri|pdrh| ini{gmlh| } prmgmpirmh|'

CH\ L_MHCCH\

\hg hrmjmgirmh| `d Udgd{tdci# Nmlh } Inrmli Ldgpric' Vrd|dgpig ni{hrli| `d lhchr rhkh h inirmcch dg d|pi`h `d ni`trd{1 ci|icndg`ri| |hg `d lhchr ociglh } `d elmc edrndgpilmg' \d ch| lhghld lhnh lilih| emgh| `dom`h i ytd pmdgdg otdgi| lirilpdr|pmli|irhnpmli|'

CH\ EH_I\PD_H\ INI[GMLH\

Dg d|pd jrtvh |d dgltdgprig ci| uirmdì`d| ytd |d vrh`tldg dg Ori|mc } ermli Hllm`dgpic'\d ch| `dghnmgi Ini{gmlh| }i ytd |t `m|prmotlmg giptric |d dgltdgpri i ch cirjh `d ci ltdgli `d d|pd einh|h rh } |t| iectdgpd|' \drdlhghld lhnh ldgprh `d hrmjdg `d d|pd lhnvcdkh jdgpmlh ic rdi chlicm{iì dgprd ch| rh| Givh# Vtptni}h } Liytdp# dg Inrmli `dc\tr'


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Dg d|pd jrtvh dgpri dc lhnvcdkh ehrni`h vhr ch| lilih| `d uirmdì` gilmhgic# itgytd |d |mjtd `m|ltpmdg`h } |d ch| nigpmdgd lhnh tg

jrtvh `m|pmgph# vhr ci lticmì` hrjighcvpmli dldcdgpd `d |t| lhpmcd`hgd|# lhnh lilih emgh } `d irhni echrir gmlh dg dc ntg`h'

CH\ P_MGMPI_MH\

Ohpgmlindgpd |hg tg jrtvh lhnvcdkh vhr |t icph nd|pmlm|nh# vrhumdgdg `d tgi vhocilmg bormì ytd |d hrmjmg dg ci m|ci `d

Prmgmì`# }i ytd ci uirmdì` Lrmhcch `d d|pd vi| |d lrt{ lhg hpri| uirmdì`d| mgprh`tlmì| `d Udgd{tdci } ci ltdgli `dc Hrmghlh' @dicc ci| lirilpdr|pmli| nhrehcjmli|# jdgpmli| } `d licmì` mgpdrnd`mi| dgprd ehri|pdrh| } lrmhcch|# vrd|dgpd| dg `mudr|h| ltcpmuh| `dlilih dg gtd|prh vi|'

Mgmlmicndgpd ch| vrmndrh| lrtld| `mdrhg lhnh rd|tcpi`h tg lilih umjhrh|h } vrhcemlh# lt}i| lirilpdr|pmli| lhgpmgig vhr icjtgi|jdgdrilmhgd| bi|pi ytd dnvmd{ig i `m|nmgtmr'LIVPTCH 4; \MDNO_I

V_HVIJILMG

Ci vrhvijilmg `d lilih |d lhg|mjtd vhr `h| |m|pdni|; |dtic "vhr |dnmcci|- } i|dtic "lchgilmg-'

Ci vrhvijilmg vhr |dnmcci| d| nt} elmc; |d |dcdllmhgi vrmndrindgpd ch| rohcd| ytd vrd|dgpig ni{hrli| lhg lirilpdr|pmli|`d|piliocd|# d|ph d|# otdg pinih `d ni{hrli| } icndg`ri|# otdg vhpdglmic `d vrh`tllmg# rd|m|pdglmi i dgedrndì`d| etgjh|i|#`d|irrhcch em|mhcjmlh# dpl' Ci| ni{hrli| i phnir|d vtd`dg |dr `d vhcmgm{ilmg cmord h `mrmjmì# dg dc li|h `d |dr vhcmgm{ilmg cmord |d

phnig |hcindgpd ni{hrli| rindri|' Ch| rohcd| |dcdllmhgi`h| `dodg |dr uirmdì`d| inirmcci| } nhriì|# viri ytd i| nm|nh icrdlhcdlpir ci| ni{hrli| viri ci |dnmcci|# |d nd{lcdg tg :6$ `d inirmcci| } tg


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h l|liri `d irrh{# lhg ci emgicmì` `d vrd|druir ci btndì` } i |t ud{ dumpir dc |icvmytd `d ijti pdrrh|i ic nhndgph `d ci

jdrnmgilmg'

Lhg tg nigpdgmnmdgph i`dlti`h `dc |dnmccdrh# dg dc prig|ltr|h `d prd| i lmglh nd|d| }i |d vtd`d |dnorir phì| ci| vcigpi| kudgd| dgdc linvh "emj' 9< mgudrgi`drh h vrhviji`hr `d vcigpi| kudgd| `d lilih vhr |dnmcci-'

V_HVIJILMG I\DRTIC H LCHGILMHG

Dg d|pd |m|pdni |d tpmcm{ig icjtgh| nph`h|# vhr dkdnvch; vhr rinmcci|# vhr ilh`h|# vhr mgkdrph|# dpl'

_INMCCI\

D|pd d| dc nph`h n| lhng# itgytd d| gdld|irmh tg otdg lhghlmnmdgph plgmlh } vrlpmlh# dg uirmh| eilphrd| lhnh rdlhcdllmg `dci| rinmcci| ytd gh d|pg gm nt} pmdrgi| gm nt} `tri|1 dg dc tnorltch h mgudrgi`drh ytd ci ct{ } btndì` `dod |dr ci rdlhndgììplgmlindgpd1 ytd dg ci rdlhcdllmg `d ci| rinmcci| |d dumpd ci `d|bm`ripilmg# vhgmdg`h dg likhgd| lhg vrhpdllmg `d }tpd bnd`h|'I| nm|nh# dg dc vrhld|h `d im|cinmdgph bi} ytd ltmìr ci| rinmcci| viri lhg|druir ci ptrjdglmi# ytd dc im|cinmdgph |di ch n|bdrnpmlh vh|mocd' Dg dc vrhld|h `d ci| rinmcci| |d ì tg lhrpd i om|dc dg ci oi|d } ctdjh `d mgnd`miph |d ivcmli ci bhrnhgi dg dc lhrpd#vhr mgndr|mg `d ci oi|d# tgh| 4 nn' }i |di dg cytm`h h dg vhcuh' D|pi bhrnhgi i}tìr ic `d|irrhcch ri`mltcir }i ytd d|pmntci cintcpmvcmlilmg `d ci| lctci| ri`mltcird|'

Vrdumh i ci |mdnori } im|cinmdgph dg ch| vrhviji`hrd|# |d dcmnmgi virlmicndgpd ci| bhki| dg tgi vrhvhrlmg `d iltdr`h ic pinih `d

ci| nm|ni|# vtd`d |dr nd`mi bhki h tg pdrlmh' D|pi eilmcmpi dc nigdkh h nigmvtcdh } nigpmdgd |t dytmcmormh em|mhcjmlh dgprd dc rdiehcmir } dc `d|irrhcch `dc |m|pdni ri`mltcir# i`dn| |d dumpi ci |hord duivhprig|vmrilmg'

Dc im|cinmdgph `trir 04 ì|' @trigpd d|pd pmdnvh |d bir rmdjh| `d iltdr`h i ci gdld|mì`' Vh|pdrmhrndgpd ci| rinmcci| |d ilcmnipirgcduigpig`h ch| vc|pmlh| vhr tgi bhri dc vrmndr ì } itndgpig`h tgi bhri liì ì# bi|pi rdpmrir dc vc|pmlh' @trigpd d|ph| ì|# ci|rinmcci| ytd gh big `d|irrhcci`h rild| ntdrdg } ytdìg |ch ci| ytd }i big `d|irrhcci`h tg |m|pdni ri`mltcir umiocd' D| gdld|irmh


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`d d|pi nigdri |d lrdi tg dlh|m|pdni `d|diocd# |d `dod pinomg nigpdgdr tg |hnorikd gh nt} `dg|h lhg rohcd| cdjtnmgh|h| ytd

bildg tg otdg dnoigytd# vtd`dg |dr drmprmgi| vich vrmdph'

PHVHJ_IEI

@d iltdr`h i ci phvhjriei `dc pdrrdgh |d rdlhnmdgì dc t|h `d `medrdgpd| uirmdì`d| `d lilih ytd |d `d|irrhccig ndkhr oikh lmdrpi|lhg`mlmhgd|# vhr dkdnvch# dg |tdch| vcigh| `hg`d bi} `m|vhgmomcmì` `d rmdjh# |d vtd`d t|ir viri ci |mdnori nipdrmic lchgic vrhviji`hvhr |dnmcci| h d|pili|' Dg |tdch| mrrdjtcird|# vtd`dg |dr lchgd| vrhviji`h| vhr mgkdrph|# }i ytd ic |dr tg viprg vrhudgmdgpd `d|dnmcci# dc |m|pdni ri`mltcir |dr vmuhpigpd } lhg|dltdgpdndgpd vrhetgì1 ci vcigpi pdg`r tg ndkhr |h|pg } gh |d uhclir lhg

eilmcmì` } i ci ud{ |dr n| rd|m|pdgpd i ci |dyti'

V_DVI_ILMG @D CH\ \TDCH\

Ch| |tdch| vtd`dg |dr vrdviri`h| }i |di ndlgmlindgpd h i nigh lhg ci| rd|vdlpmui| bdrrinmdgpi|# nilbdpd# bilbi# dpl' @trigpd d|pdvrhld|h bi} ytd `d|vhocir phì ci nicd{i# ctdjh |d oicm{i viri ci |mdnori `d ci |hnori pdnvhric nd`migpd nt|ldi| lhnh vcpigh|#hrmph# oigigh# dpl'1 `d ltiprh i |dm| nd|d| `d|vt| |d |dnorir dc lilih' Dg li|h `d |tdch| lhg hprh| ltcpmuh|# `dvdg`mdg`h `dcltcpmuh# |m |hg lmlch lhrph |d vrhld`dr i lh|dlbir dc ltcpmuh } ctdjh rh{ir# dg dc li|h `d ytd bi}i nicd{i|# ctdjh oicm{ir } |dnorir ci|hnori pdnvhric' Dg dc li|h `d |dr tgi oigigdri h vcigpilmg `d vcpigh| d|piocdlmì# |d vrhld`dr i ci |mdnori mgnd`mipi `dc lilih#vtd| ci |hnori pdnvhric }i dm|pd'

_MDJH

Dg dc Dlti`hr pdgdnh| `h| d|pilmhgd| lcmnpmli| `demgmì|; mgumdrgh } udrigh' Dc mgumdrgh |d ì dg ch| vrmndrh| 5 nd|d| `dc ih# dgd|pi vhli lid dc =4$ `d ci vctumh|mì` `dc ih } `d ktgmh i `mlmdnord lid |hcindgpd tg 4$' Vhr ch pigph dg tg btdrph `d lilih# dgd|vdlmic |m d| lchgic# |d `dod i|djtrir dc rmdjh |tvcdndgpirmh viri ch| nd|d| `d udrigh' I| nm|nh# dc btdrph `dod pdgdr `rdgikd| viriduiltir hvhrptgindgpd dc dld|h `d ijti# vrh`tlph `d ci| etdrpd| cctumi| `dc mgumdrgh h `d rmdjh| |tvcdndgpirmh|'


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ICPT_I \HO_D DC GMUDC @DC NI_

Dg dc Dlti`hr |d vrh`tld lilih lhg mph |hcindgpd bi|pi ch| 066 n'# dm|pd tg uiccd dg Lhchnomi `hg`d |d vrh`tld lilih i ch| 9666n'# d|pd d| tg li|h d|vdlmic# vtd| ci| lhg`mlmhgd| inomdgpicd| `d d|pd ctjir |hg eiuhriocd| viri dc ltcpmuh'

@_DGIKD\

D|pi mgerid|prtlptri d| gdld|irmi gh |hcindgpd viri duiltir dc dld|h `d ci| ijti|# }i |di vhr ci| cctumi| h vhr dc rmdjh# pinomg |mrudviri oikir dc gmudc erdpmlh `dc ijti } |tnmgm|prir mgpdrlinomh `d ji|d| dg dc |tdch# viri i| ndkhrir ci| lhg`mlmhgd| `dc |tdch'

UMI\ @D ILLD\H

D| mnvhrpigpd ytd dm|pig lirrdpdrh| h jtirìrri}i| lirrh|iocd| bi|pi ch| btdrph| dg ehrnilmg# i| ìr eilmcmì` i ci mgprh`tllmg `dch| nipdrmicd| } vcigpi| kudgd| i |dnorir|d# pinomg i}tì i ci rdlhcdllmg `dc ertph dg ci lh|dlbi'

NIPD_MICD\ @D \MDNO_I

D| mnvhrpigpd ci phni `d `dlm|mhgd| ildrli `d ch| nipdrmicd| i tpmcm{ir|d pigph dg ci |mdnori lhnh viri ci |hnori pdnvhric }vh|pdrmhrndgpd `d lilih' Lhnh |hnori pdnvhric# d| rdlhndgìocd dc vcpigh# }i ytd d|pd vrh`tlph pmdgd otdg ndrli`h' Pinomgvtd`dg |dr hpri| vcigpi|# lhnh nirilt}# vivi}i# }tli# dpl' Dg lilih# lchgd| vhr rinmcci| uig omdg dg |tdch| vcigh| } lhg rmdjh#nmdgpri| ytd dg |tdch| mrrdjtcird| |d vrdemdrd lchgd| vrhviji`h| vhr mgkdrph|'

PMVH\ @D \HNO_I PDNVH_IC ] VD_DGGD

Lhnh |d bi ndglmhgi`h igpdrmhrndgpd# ci |hnori pdnvhric vtd`d |dr i oi|d `d nt|ldi|# nirilt}# vivi}i# }tli# dpl' Ci |hnorivdrdggd `dod |dr i oi|d `d rohcd| cdjtnmgh|h| `d rvm`h lrdlmnmdgph } otdgi icptri lhnh dc vich vrmdph# jtioh `d odktlh#jtilbivdc# vilbilh# dpl'

@DG\M@I@ @D CI VCIGPILMG ] \HNO_IKD


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d|pir lhg|pmptm`h| vhr rohcd| ertpicd| } ehrd|picd|# d|ph| lmgptrhgd| `d udjdpilmg pinomg |hg tgi etdgpd `d vrh`tllmg# } vhr ch pigph

`d mgjrd|h|# viri dc ijrmltcphr'

@d|`d dc vtgph `d um|pi dlhcjmlh# ci udgpiki `d d|ph| lmgptrhgd| `d udjdpilmg d| ytd lhgprmotmrg i ci omh`mudr|mì` udjdpic }pinomg igmnic vhr ltigph vrhuddrg `d icodrjtd } icmndgph i d|vdlmd| `d ci eitgi |mcud|prd# } |d lhgudrpmrg dg lhrrd`hrd| dlhcjmlh|ytd vdrnmpmrg dc elmc `d|vci{inmdgph `d `mlbi eitgi'

Vrhpdllmg `d litld| `d ijti

Ch| litld| `d ijti `dodg |dr vrhpdjm`h| lhg erigki| `d udjdpilmg `d tg iglbh gh ndghr i 96 ndprh| dg liì hrmcci# ytd rd`t{lig dcvhpdglmic `d drh|mg } lhgprmot}ig i ci rdjtcilmg `d ch| rdjndgd| `dc ijti' Ci d|prtlptri `d d|pi| erigki| `d udjdpilmg vtd`d |dr|mnmcir i ci `d ci| ldrli| umui|' D|ph d| n| mnvhrpigpd dg litld| lhg vdg`mdgpd| etdrpd|# nmdgpri| ytd ch| pdrrdgh| lhg vdg`mdgpd||tiud| vtd`dg |dr `d|pmgi`h| i ci| vcigpilmhgd|# lt}i `dg|mì` udjdpic } |t lhodrptri dg `medrdgpd| d|priph|# vrhpdjd ch| litld| `dijti demli{ndgpd'

D|vdlmd| Ertpicd|

Vhr ci| lhg`mlmhgd| lcmnpmli| } d`memli| `dc |dlphr# |d rdlhnmdgì t|ir# dgprd hpri|# ci| |mjtmdgpd| d|vdlmd| ertpicd|;

Ghnord lhng Jgdrh } d|vdlmd t|hijtilipd

limnmphertpdvigjrhldccijtioi `d odktlhjtioi nilbdphgicmng

Vdr|di indrmligi

Lbr}|hvb}cctn irjdgpdtnIrlphlirvt| icpmcm|Vb}ccigpbt| ilm`t|Mgji d`tcm|Mgji |vdlpiomcm|Lmprt| cdnhg

|hnordi`h } ldrli|

|hnordi`h } ldrli||hnordi`hldrli||hnordi`h } ldrli||hnordi`h } ldrli||hnordi`h } ldrli|


21/80



nig`irmgi

nigjhgirigki `tcldhuh h lmrtdchvivi}iphrhgki|ivhpd

Lmprt| |v'

Nigjmedri mg`mliLmprt| |mgdg|m|\vhg`mi| |v'Lirmli vivi}iLmprt| rdpmltcipiNipm|mi lhr`ipi

|hnordi`h } ldrli|

|hnordi`h } ldrli||hnordi`h } ldrli|ldrli|ldrli||hnordi`h } ldrli||hnordi`h } ldrli|

D|vdlmd| Ehrd|picd|

Ghnord lhng Jgdrh } d|vdlmd t|hjtilbivdcjtioicitrdcgild`drivich vrmdphvdlbmlbd jti}ilg|inigpdli

Icom{mi jtilbivicdMgji |vv'Lhr`mi iccmh`hriDr}pbrmgi vhdvvmjmigiDr}pbrmgi et|liUmpd jmjigpdiVmpbdldcchomtn |inigPdlphgi jrig`m|

|hnordi`h } ldrli||hnordi`h } ldrli||hnordi`h } ldrli||hnordi`h } ldrli||hnordi`h } ldrli||hnordi`h } ldrli||hnordi`h } ldrli|ldrli|

Hpri| d|vdlmd| viri ldrli| umui|

Ghnord lhng Jgdrh } d|vdlmd bomphirhnh Ililmi eirgd|migi rohc vdytdh


22/80



oic|i# oh}i

ohphpmcchlii em|ptcilitkdldmohlbmclilhnvhhltch vd|i`hd|lhoi

edrgig|glbd{jti}ioijti|nhbmdroi ctm|ibmjtdrmccikiohglmcchni`dri gdjrin|prirpdgmjtmphvich `d ikhvcpighvmgytdorilbhrhocd|ivg `d vichni

pmcchptptnod

Hlbrhni v}rinmìcd

Lhlbch|vdrntn umpmehcmtnLi||mi jrig`m|Vh|hytdrmi cipmehcmiLdmoi prm|lbm|pig`riLbrhnhcidgi |v'Vmpbdldcchomtn ntcpmechrtnVb}ccigpbt| ktjcig`mehcmt|\mì |vv'

Prmvcirm| ltnmgjmigiV|m`mtn jtikioiJti{tni tcnmehcmiL}nohvhjhg lmpript|_mlmgt| lhnntgm|\ivmg`t| |ivhgirmiPiodotmi omccodrjmmCigpigi |v'Ntpmgjmi liciotriJiccd|mi mgpdjrmehcmiNt|i R viri`m|miliKiprhvbi ltrli|Lhllhchoi nhccm|Piodotmi jti}iligPrdni nmlrigpbi

Orh|mntn icmli|prtnLhr`mi bdodlciì

rohc

rohcrohcrohc vdytdhrohcirot|phrohcrohc vdytdhbmdroi# |toirot|ph

rohcrohc vdytdhirot|ph# rohc vdytdhbmdroirot|phrohcrohcirot|phrohcrohcbmdroi drdlpiirot|phrohcrohcrohc

rohcrohc

GHPI; Phì| ci| d|vdlmd| ndglmhgiì| dg d|pd cm|pi`h |d dgltdgprig lhg oi|pigpd erdltdglmi dg dc rdi `d d|pt`mh# } ci ni}hri `ddcci| vtd`dg |dr t|iì| lhnh ni`dri'


23/80



UDGPIKI\ @D CI\ VCIGPILMHGD\ @D LILIH LHG \HNO_I ] @D CH\ LMGPT_HGD\ @D UDJDPILMG

Dlhgnmli|;

Ch| vrmglmvicd| ndrli`h| `d D|pi`h| Tgm`h| } Dtrhvi vrdemdrdg dc lilih `d irhni# ytd |hcindgpd vtd`d |dr ltcpmui`h dg vcigpilmhgd|

lhg |hnori'

Ic lhnomgir ci |mdnori `dc lilih lhg hpri| ilpmumì`d| vrh`tlpmui| dg dc nm|nh |tdch } dg ehrni |mntcpgdi# dc ijrmltcphr chjrihvpmnm{ir dc t|h `dc rdltr|h |tdch } nimnm{ir ci vrh`tllmg phpic vhr |tvdremlmd'

I`dn|# d|pi `mudr|memlilmg `d vrh`tlph| ì lmdrpi prigytmcmì` ic linvd|mgh# vtd| `d ccdjir i `m|nmgtmr ci vrh`tllmg `d lilih# chlhnvdg|ir lhg ci vrh`tllmg `d ertpicd|'

Ci vrd|dglmi `d d|vdlmd| ni`driocd|# |d lhgumdrpd dg tgi jirigpi dlhgnmli ytd dc ijrmltcphr vtd`d t|ir vdrm`mlindgpd#d|vdlmicndgpd dg li|h `d gdld|mì`d| trjdgpd|'

Dlhcjmli|;

Ci `mudr|mì` `d d|vdlmd| ytd lhnvhgdg dc |m|pdni vrhvtd|ph# vdrnmpd `d|irrhccir viprhgd| dlhcjmlh| ytd mnmpig i ch| dglhgpri`h| dgch| |m|pdni| giptricd|# mglct}dg`h ci itphrrdjtcilmg' D|ph |mjgmemli# dgprd hpri| lh|i|# tgi ndghr mglm`dglmi `d vciji|'

Ci| rild| `d ci| d|vdlmd| irordi| icpi| iclig{ig# vhr ch jdgdric# ni}hrd| vrhetg`mì`d|' D|ph mnvcmli ytd vtd`dg dpridr `d chvrhetg`h `dc |tdch# gtprmdgpd| ytd `d hpri nigdri gh vh`rig |dr iclig{i`h| vhr ch| ltcpmuh|'

Ci vrd|dglmi `d uirmh| d|priph| `d lhodrptri# dumpi vrhld|h| ildcdri`h| `d drh|mg' D|ph d| mnvhrpigpd |hordph`h dg pdrrdgh| lhgvdg`mdgpd| etdrpd|'


24/80


25/80



LIVPTCH :; NIGPDGMNMDGPH @D CI VCIGPILMG

Tgi ud{ |dnoriì| ci| vcigpi| kudgd| dg dc linvh |d ìr dc nigpdgmnmdgph `dc li|h lhnh rmdjh# lhrhgi|# rh{i|# edrpmcm{ilmg#lhgprhc `d vciji|# dpl'

@d ch| 92 i ?0 nd|d| |d ì ci vhì `d ehrnilmg `d ci| vcigpi| `d lilih ltig`h |hg lchgicd| } `d ch|


26/80



LHGP_HC @DC \HNO_IKD

\m ci vcigpilmg ltdgpi lhg tg |hnorikd vdrdggd# ch| irohcd| ytd ch lhnvhgdg `dodg |dr vhì`h| i ch| ? h < ih| dg |t| rini| n|oiki| viri ytd ci| rini| jti| lrd{lig ch n| icph vh|mocd } dm|pi tg d|vilmh mgpdrnd`mh lhg|m`driocd dgprd dc lilih } ch| irohcd| `d|hnori# i| |d lhg|mjtd tg nmlrh lcmni eiuhriocd viri ci vrh`tllmg `d lilih'

ED_PMCM[ILMG @DC \TDCH

Dc vrhld|h `d edrpmcm{ilmg `dc |tdch dg tgi vcigpilmg lilih |d ch `dod rdicm{ir igpd| `d ci vcigpilmg' D| rdlhndgìocd bildr tg

igcm|m| ytnmlh `dc |tdch viri vh`dr `dpdrnmgir |t vhpdglmic } ci| vh|mocd| `demlmdglmi| lhg ci emgicmì` `d ìrcd tg pripinmdgphi`dlti`h'

Ltig`h ci vcigpilmg }i d|p vrh`tlmdg`h |d vtd`dg phnir dg ltdgpi icjtgh| eilphrd|;

Btdrph| lchgicd|'. dc vrhld|h `d edrpmcm{ilmg |d ch `dod rdicm{ir `h| udld| ic ih# dg ci| vhli| `d ndghr edltgìlmg } ni}hrbtndì`' \m |d edrpmcm{i ci vcigpilmg ltig`h ci| ni{hrli| pmdgdg tgi dì` `d tgh h `h| nd|d| ci vcigpi |termr `d |prd|| } ci|ni{hrli| |d vdr`drg'

Btdrph| `d |dnmcci '. |m ci vcigpilmg pmdgd tg otdg |hnorikd `d cdjtnmgh|i| } vh|dd tgi otdgi livi `d btnt| gh d| gdld|irmi ciedrpmcm{ilmg |tvcdndgpirmi# bi|pi ci `d|lhnvh|mlmg hrjgmli'

Ch| edrpmcm{igpd| n| ilhg|dkiocd| viri ch| btdrph| ytd d|pg dg vrh`tllmg |hg ch| lhnvtd|ph| i oi|d `d G'V'A' lhg tgi `h|m| `d |dm|hg{i| vhr vcigpi# dg dc rdi ytd lhnvrdg`d ci {hgi `d jhpdh `dc ehccikd' Emj'

LH\DLBI

Ci lh|dlbi `d lilih |d `dod rdicm{ir lhg tgi erdltdglmi ytd lhnvrdgì vdrmh`h| mgpdrnd`mh| `d 94 i ?9 ì|' \d `dodg ptnoir|hcindgpd ci| ni{hrli| ni`tri| dumpig`h lhrpd| mggdld|irmh| dg rini| } prhglh| `d ch| rohcd|'

Lhnh bdrrinmdgpi| |d tpmcm{ig;


27/80



Btdrph| lchgicd| '. ic |dr `d ndghr pinih |d vtd`d tpmcm{ir nh{h| } pmkdri| `d vhìBtdrh| `d |dnmcci '. vhr ch jdgdric pmdgdg ni}hr icptri# vhr ch pigph |d vtd`d t|ir vhì`hri| lhchliì| dg vicigli| `d lii h ptoh| `dictnmgmh'

Dg ch| lmlch| `d lh|dlbi |d `dod ivrhudlbir viri rdicm{ir tg lhgprhc } nigpdgmnmdgph `d ci| `d ci vcigpilmg# ptnoig`h phì| ci|ni{hrli| ytd d|pg dgedrni| " nhgmcci } d|lhoi `d ortki - lhg ci emgicmì` `d dumpir ci vrhvijilmg `d ci| dgedrndì`d|'

DRP_ILLMG @DC J_IGH

Ci ivdrptri } dprillmg `d ci| icndg`ri| `d lilih |d ci `dod rdicm{ir `d vrdedrdglmi `dgprh `d ci vcigpilmg# dg `medrdgpd| ctjird|# lhgci emgicmì` `d ytd ci nipdrmi hrjgmli |horigpd d| `dlmr ci li|liri |mrui lhnh tgi etdgpd `d nipdrmi hrjgmli viri ci vcigpilmg'

Ci ni{hrli `dod |dr iomdrpi lhg ntlbh ltmì`h viri gh ìir ci| icndg`ri|# vh|pdrmhrndgpd viri dpridrci| |d `dod t|irvrdedrmocdndgpd ci nigh' Ci vcildgpi `dc ertph vtd`d |dr dcmnmgiì dg ci vcigpilmg h dg dc pdgìc'

LIVMPTCH RM

ED_NDGPILMG

Ci edrndgpilmg `dc lilh d| dc vrhld|h ic ytd |d |hndpdg ci| |dnmcci| `d lilih viri ndkhri |t licmì` } irhni ìg`h lhnh rd|tcpi`htg vrh`tlph lhg |iohr vdrlt|hr i lbhlhcipd'

Dg dc prig|ltr|h `d ci edrndgpilmg dc dnormg ntdrd } vh|pdrmhrndgpd |d vrh`tld ci prig|ehrnilmg omhytnmli `d ch| lhpmcd`hgd|ytd vi|ig i |dr `d tg lhchr umhcdpi lcirh i tg lhchr lie li|pih# |d bmglbig } |t pdptri |d phrgi ytdori`m{i' Lhg tg vrhld|h `dedrndgpilmg i`dlti`h ndkhri ci vhpdglmicmì` `d ci| icndg`ri|'

EH_N\ @D ED_NDGPILMG

NHGPG


28/80



\d chjri i priu| `dc t|h `d tg pdgìc `d lii jti`ti lhg|prtm`h dg tgi lini `d irdgi } cmjdrh| `d|gmudcd| viri eilmcmpir ci duiltilmg`d cytm`h|' Dc pdgìc pinomg vtd`d |dr lhg|prtm`h i tgh h `h| ndprh| `d icptri " Emj' -' Dc nhgpg `dod |dr `d vhr ch ndgh| 966 A}i ytd ci pdnvdriptri d| n| icpi i ni}hr uhctndg' Dc lilih `dod d|pir cmord `d vcildgpi } rdnigdgpd| `d li|liri# vh|pdrmhrndgpd |dch ltord lhg bhki| `d oigigh# vcpigh h lhg tg vdì{h `d vc|pmlh' D| gdld|irmh rdnhudr dc nhgpg liì ?0 bhri|'

\m dc lilih vrhumdgd `d vcigpilmhgd| gilmhgicd| viri |dr |dliì| ic |hc# dc vrhld|h `d edrndgpilmg |dr |hcindgpd `d 02 bhri| } |m ui i|dr |dli`h dg |dli`hri| `d lhnot|pmocd |d rdlhnmdgì tgi edrndgpilmg `d 966 bhri|

\d vtd`d t|ir liki| bhrm{hgpicd| |hordvtd|pi| " emj' - ytd |hg dedlpmui| viri ci edrndgpilmg `d uhcndgd| rd`tlm`h| h jrig`d|# dcpmdnvh i`dlti`h `d edrndgpilmg `dodr |dr `d 9?6 bhri|'

\DLI@H

Dc vrhld|h `d |dli`h `d lilh pmdgd ci emgicmì` `d rd`tlmr ci btndì` `d ci| icndg`ri| i tg 2$' Dm|pdg `h| nph`h| `d |dli`h# dcgiptric h |dli`h ic |hc } dc irpmemlmic nd`migpd dc t|h `d |dli`hri| ndlgmli| i oi|d `d lhnot|pmocd' Ch| lhnvri`hrd| `d lilhvrdemdrdg dc vrh`tlph |dli`h ic |hc'


29/80



LIVMPTCH RMMDGED_ND@I@D\ @DC LILIH

Ci| vrmglmvicd| dgedrndì`d| ytd iedlpig ci| vcigpilmhgd| `d lilih |hg `d pmvh etgjh|i| } `d d|pi| ci| n| vdcmjrh|i| |hg; ci d|lhoi`d ortki# lt}h ijdgpd vipjdgh d| dc bhgjh d| Lrmgmvdccm| vdrgmlmh|i1 ci nhgmcci# lit|iì vhr dc bhgjhNhgmcmi rhrdrm 1 ci emphephri hni{hrli gdjri# lit|iì vhr dc bhgjh Vb}phvbpbhri |v1 dc nic `dc nilbdpd lit|iì vhr dc bhgjh Ldriphl}|pm| emnormipi'

D\LHOI @D O_TKI

\mgphniphchjmi

Dc |gphni n| ghpiocd# d| tgi `dehrnilmg `d ch| orhpd| pdrnmgicd| n| pmdrgh| ytd |terdg tg vrhld|h `d bmglbi{g# rinmemlilmg }icirjinmdgph1 ci| bhki| `d d|pi| rinmemlilmhgd| gh |d `d|irrhccig ghrnicndgpd } dg dc prig|ltr|h `d 46 i 56 ì| ntdrdg' D|pidgedrndì` pinomg iedlpi i hpri| virpd| `dc rohc lit|ig`h `dehrnilmhgd| } icpdrilmhgd| dg ch| pdkm`h|# ci mgpdg|mì` |d nigmemd|pi

lhg dc pmvh# dì`# lhg|pmptlmg# d|pi`h gtprmlmhgic } nigdkh `d ci vcigpilmg' Pinomg |d vtd`dg vrd|dgpir vdytdi| `dehrnilmhgd| hlgldr dg ci| bhki|' Ipili i ch| lhkmgdpd| echricd|# lit|ig`h ci vrh`tllmg `d echrd| d|prdcciì| } ertph| virpdghlrvmlh| lhghlm`h|lhnh lbmrmnh}i| h {igibhrmi| vhr |t ehrni'

Lhgprhc

Dc lhgprhc ytnmlh |hord d|pd bhgjh d| |tnindgpd lh|ph|h d mgdemlmdgpd vhr ch pigph d|pi `d|lirpi`h' Dc nph`h n| i`dlti`h d| dclhgprhc nigtic ytd lhg|m|pd dg ci rdnhlmg `d d|lhoi| } ertph| mgedlpi`h| i |t `dom`h pmdnvh d| `dlmr igpd| `d ci d|vhrtcilmg `dcbhgjh' Dc bhgjh vtd`d pdgdr tg vdrh`h `d cipdglmi `d bi|pi prd| nd|d| } viri d|vhrtcir pmdgd ytd dgprir dg lhgpilph lhg dc ijti `dcctumi viri ytd vtdìg `d|irrhccir|d ch| oi|m`mhlirvh| } vh|pdrmhrndgpd ci vrhcmedrilmg `d ci| d|vhri'


30/80



D| rdlhndgìocd ytd |d cmnvmdg ci| d|lhoi| dg lmlch| ndg|ticd| `d|`d dc nd| `d dgdrh' Viri dc nd| `d ni}h ch| rd|tcpi`h| |drg

|hrvrdg`dgpd| }i ytd |mdg`h d|pd dc nd| `d ni}hr mged|pilmg ci vcigpilmg d|pir dg otdgi| lhg`mlmhgd| } vh|pdrmhrndgpd ci vrd|dglmi`d d|lhoi| |dr rd`tlmì'

Ci| d|lhoi| rdlhcdlpiì| `trigpd ch| lmlch| ndg|ticd| `dodg |ilir|d `d ci| vcigpilmhgd| } |dr irrhkiì| i vhr ch ndgh| 466 ndprh|#pinomg vtd`dg |dr dgpdrriì| h mglmgdriì|'

NHGMCCI

\mgphniphchjmi

Ch| |gphni| mgmlmicd| |d vtd`dg `dpdlpir vhr ci vrd|dglmi `d tgi niglbi lie dg ci| ni{hrli|# vh|pdrmhrndgpd dg ch| vrmnh| < i 5ì| `dvdg`mdg`h `dc lichr } `d ci btndì`# |d ehrni dc nmldcmh `d tg lhchr ocigytdlmgh } |hord dc tg vhcuh `d d|vhri| `d lhchrlrdni' Ci nhgmcci gh ipili i ch| picch| gm bhki|# |hcindgpd i ch| ertph|'

Lhgprhc

@dom`h i ytd ci d|vhrtcilmg |d ì dg tg vdrh`h `d pmdnvh oi|pigpd rvm`h `d|vt| `d ci ivirmlmg `d ci niglbi# ci rdnhlmg }rdlhcdllmg `d ertph| `dod |dr ch n| rvm`h vh|mocd viri dumpir ci lhgpinmgilmg `d ch| `dn| ertph|'

\d vtd`dg rdicm{ir lmlch| `d rdlhcdllmg `d ertph| mgedlpi`h| dg vdrh`h| ndg|ticd| h ytmgldgicd| } dc ci lh|dlbi |d `dodg dcmnmgirph`h| ch| ertph| lhgpinmgi`h|'


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CI EMPHEPH_I H NI[H_LI GDJ_I

\mgphniphchji

Dg dc Dlti`hr d|pi dgedrndì` gh bi |m`h nt} |dudri lhnh dg hprh| vi|d| vhr ch pigph gh |d ci bi mgud|pmji`h i `dpiccd

D|pi dgedrndì` |d vrd|dgpi lhg n| erdltdglmi d mgpdg|mì` dg ch| btrph| `d LLG.49 } ML\.=4 ytd pmdgdg rmdjh vhr i|vdr|mg }i ytdvh|mocdndgpd dc |icvmytdh `dc ijti |mrui `d prig|vhrpd viri ci| d|vhri| `d d|pd bhgjh'

D|pi dgedrndì` |d vrd|dgpi lhg tgi niglbi `d lhchr lie h|ltri ytd ui lrdlmdg`h bi|pi ltormr phì ci ni{hrli# vh|pdrmhrndgpd |dehrni tgi livi lrdnh|i `d lhchr jrm| lhg iotgìgpd| d|vhri|' @d|vt| `d 0 i : ì| ci ni{hrli d|pi mgui`mì } ìiì mgpdrgi }dpdrgindgpd'

Lhgprhc

Dc lhgprhc `d d|pi dgedrndì` |d oi|iri dg ci rd`tllmg `dc nph`h `d rmdjh vhr i|vdr|mg } |t rddnvci{h vhr nph`h| `d jriudì`} dg dc li|h `d ytd |d vrd|dgpd ci dgedrndì` dg ci| ni{hrli| |d ci| `dod rdnhudr } |ilir etdri `d ci| vcigpilmhgd|'

NIC @D NILBDPD

\mgphniphchji

D|pi dgedrndì` |d nigmemd|pi dg dc rohc vhr ci vrd|dglmi `d cd|mhgd| dg dc prhglh } ci| rini| jrtd|i|' Ch| vrmndrh| |gphni| um|mocd||hg ci nirlbmpd| `d ci| bhki| lhg tg vhlh `d lchrh|m| " inirmccinmdgph `d ci| bhki| - vh|pdrmhrndgpd dc rohc ntdrd' @d phì| ci|uirmdì`d| `d lilih ci| n| |t|ldvpmocd| |hg ch| Prmgmpirmh| d mglct|h icjtgh| `d d|ph| lchgd| |d dpmgjtmdrhg chlicndgpd lhnh d| dcli|h `dc ML\.9'

D|pi dgedrndì` d|pi li|m |mdnvrd i|hlmiì lhg ipiytd| `d mg|dlph| vdrehri`hrd| `dc jgdrh R}cdorhni ytd vh|mocdndgpd |dicmndgpig `d d|pd bhgjh } ch| prig|vhrpig `d tg rohc i hprh'


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Lhgprhc

Dc lhgprhc ytnmlh `d d|pi dgedrndì` gh bi ì`h rd|tcpi`h# d| n| ilhg|dkiocd ci ytdni `d ch| rohcd| mgedlpi`h| }i ytd bi ì`hndkhrd| rd|tcpi`h|

LIVMPTCH RMMM

MG\DLPH\ ] VCIJI\ @DC LILIH

Dg tgi vcigpilmg `d lilih# dm|pd tgi jrig vhocilmg `d mg|dlph|# } uirmh| `d d|ph| |hg odgdemlmh|h| viri ci| vcigpilmhgd| }i ytdlhgprhcig icjtgh| mg|dlph| ìmgh| h |mrudg lhnh vhcmgm{i`hrd|'

Dg gtd|prh nd`mh li|m gh |d bild tg lhgprhc mgpdg|muh `d ci| vciji| `dc lilih }i ytd gh |hg tgi etdrpd indgi{i viri ci vrh`tllmg }ytd# dc t|h `d mg|dlpmlmì| `d|prtmri jrig virpd ci eitgi mglct}dg`h i ch| mg|dlph| vhcmgm{i`hrd| ytd |hg bi|pi lmdrph vtgph dc vhpdglmic`d vrh`tllmg# |mg dnoirjh ighpirdnh| icjtgi| `d ci| vciji| n| erdltdgpd| `dc lilih;

"LHCDHVPD_I- R}cdohrt| |vv

D| ci cirui `d tg d|lirioikh ytd ipili vrmglmvicndgpd ic prhglh# nm`d `d ? i < nn `d chgjmpt` } dg ci| jicdri| |mdnvrd d|pi i|hlmi`h idc bhgjh Ldriphl}|pm| emnormipi " nic `d nilbdpd-

Dc ìh ytd lit|i ic rohc d|pi i|hlmilmg bhgjh mg|dlph d| nhrpic' Ci dgedrndì` i gmudc `d linvh |d lhghld lhnh nic `d nilbdpd#}i ytd vhr nd`mh `d d|pi bdrrinmdgpi |d vtd`d lhgpijmir hprh| rohcd|'


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Dc lhgprhc ytnmlh `d d|pi dgedrndì` d| `melmc }i ytd |d pripi `d tgi dgedrndì` g`hjdgi "ipili ci virpd mgpdrgi `dc prhglh-# ci

vrlpmli ytd ndkhrd| rd|tcpi`h| i ì`h d| ci ytdni `dc rohc `d|vt| `d biodr |mph lhrpi`h } vmli`h }i ytd lhg d|pd nph`h |d liclmgidc mg|dlph } dc bhgjh# d| rdlhndgìocd bdlbir tg vhlh `d lic ic prhglh liclmgi`h viri `d|mgedlpir dc |tdch igpd| `d tgi gtdui |mdnori'

"@MVPD_I- nh|ytmcci `dc lilihNhgichgmtn |vv

D| tg mg|dlph lbtvi`hr `d pinih nd`migh# dg ci ei|d i`tcpi nm`d dgprd 94 } 9: nn `d cirjh' Dg d|pi`h gmgeic d| `d tg lhchr rhkh i

inirmcch } }i i`tcph pmdgd ci| ici| `d lhchr inirmccdgph rhkm{h'

\d icmndgpi `d ci| ni{hrli| `d lilih dg lticytmdr d|pi`h } pinih' @trigpd ci icmndgpilmg d| mg|dlph `dki rd|m`th| `d icjg pmvh `dphmgi ytd nipi ci| lctci| ytd rh`di ci vmli`tri'

Ci| ni{hrli| ipiliì| vrd|dgpig niglbi| gdjri| lmrltcird| } iotgìgpd| bi|pi ytd ìg ci ivirmdglmi `d d|pir |dli|' Ltig`h dc ipiytd|d bi rdicm{i`h i ertph| kudgd| `d 4 i 9? |dnigi| vrhgph |d vhgdg gdjrh|# |d dg`trdldg } ntdrdg' Ltig`h dc ipiytd d| dg ni{hrli|`d prdld |dnigi| dg i`dcigpd |d lh|dlbig icjtgi| icndg`ri| vdrh tg vhlh iprhemiì|'

Dc lhgprhc `d d|pi vciji `dvdg`d `dc nigdkh `dc btdrph "|hnorikd- }i ytd d|pi vciji ipili lhg n| erdltdglmi i ch| btdrph| ytd vh|ddgvhli |hnori'

VTCJHGD\ ] LHLBMGMCCI\

\hg mg|dlph| lbtvi`hrd| `d vhlh pinih# umudg dg lhchgmi| dg ch| orhpd| pmdrgh| dg dc li|h `d ch| vtcjhgd|# umudg dg i|hlmilmg lhgci| bhrnmji| vipmcci| vrd|dgpig`h tg edgndgh |mnompmlh# }i ytd ci| bhrnmji| |d icmndgpig `d ci| |dlrdlmhgd| i{tliriì| `dcvtcjg'

ci| lhlbmgmcci| |d tomlig dg lticytmdr virpd `dc rohc dg d|vdlmic dg ch| ertph|# Ci cmnvmd{i `dc btrph i}tì i lhgprhcir d|pi| vciji|


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"CDVM@HVPD_I- D\YTDCDPM[I@H_D\ @D CI\ BHKI\D|pi d| tgi vciji ytd ipili lhg n| etdr{i i ci| vcigpi| kudgd| }i ytd ci| cirui| umudg dgprd ci| bhki| ytd |d ktgpig lhg bmch| ytddcci| nm|ni| |dlrdpig' Ci| cirui| |d icmndgpig `dc pdkm`h virdgytmnpmlh `d ci bhki } `dkig ci| gdrui`tri| h udgi|'

Ltig`h dc ipiytd d| lhg|m`driocd ci| bhki| |d `d|vrdg`dg } ytdìg i`bdrmì| vhr ch| bmch| bdlbh| vhr ci cirui' Viri lhgprhcir d|pivciji# dg tg btdrph vdytdh# |d vtd`d t|ir tg mg|dlpmlmì |m|pdnmlh }i ytd ntlbi| cirui| d|pg d|lhg`mì|'

BH_NMJI\ I__MD_I\

D|pi d| tgi `d ci| vciji| n| |dudri| `dc lilih }i ytd |hg livild| `d `dehcmir li|m lhnvcdpindgpd tg rohc `d lilih } i ci eicpi `dudjdpilmg lhrpig echrd| ertph| rdlmg edltgì`h| } ccduig i |t| gm`h| `hg`d `dvh|mpig viri ytd lhg dc pmdnvh |d `d|irrhccd tg bhgjh

ytd ctdjh cd| |mrud `d icmndgph# |hg elmcd| `d chlicm{ir ch| gm`h| vhr ch| nhgphgd| `d pmdrri |tdcpi } jrigtciì| vrh`tlph| `d ci|dliuilmhgd| ic bildr dc gm`h `hg`d `dvh|mpirig ci udjdpilmg } echrd| ytd lhrpig } lirjig tgi ud| chlicm{i`h |d lhgprhci lhgmg|dlpmlmì| dg vhcuh ytd vtd`d |dr lhg ohnoi| `d imrd bi} icjtgh| ldoh| jrigtci`h| ytd vtd|ph| dg ch| linmgh| ci| bhrnmji| ccduigi |t| gm`h| vdg|ig`h ytd d| lhnmì ctdjh d|ph| |doh| lhnh ytd |d ilpmuig dg ci jicdri| } ntdrdg ci| bhrnmji| ic tpmcm{ir ohnoi| `d|hvch |d mgprh`tld ci nigjtdri `d ci ohnoi vhr ci ohli vrmglmvic `dc bhrnmjtdrh } |d nigì dc vhcuh vhr illmg `dc imrd } ctdjh |dpivig phì| ci| ohli| vdytdi| viri ytd gh d|livd dc vhcuh i| nm|nh |d bild viri lhgprhcir lhg ji|d| pmlh| vdrh viri tpmcm{irji|d| bi} ytd phnir ph`h| ci| vrdum|mhgd| `dc li|h }i ytd d| nt} vdcmjrh|h|'


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LIVMPTCH RMU

LHGLDVPH\ JDGD_ICD\

Io|mlmg

D| tg eilphr em|mhcjmlh ytd |d ì dg ch| udjdpicd|# dg ci ni}hri `d ch| rohcd| ni`driocd| tgi ud{ ic ih# d| ltig`h `dehcmi ph`h }ctdjh |d um|pd `d gtduh lhg tgi jrig mgechr|ldglmi# gtdui| bhki| } vhr emg vrh`tld ci |dnmcci' Dc lilih gh d| `d io|mlmg `demgmì#

linomi `d bhki| ph`h dc ih# dg d|vdlmic `d iltdr`h i |t `d|ji|pd dgdrjpmlh# dg btdrph| |mg |hnori li`tlig n| vrhgph ci| bhki|#jrilmi| i d|pd eilphr vh`dnh| lh|dlbir lilih ph`h dc ih# liì ytd lid tgi bhki bior tg gtduh ndrm|pdni orhpd gtduh ytd ivh}ir itgi gtdui mgechrd|ldglmi| } vhr dg`d tgi vrh`tllmg lhgpmgti# |mdnvrd ytd gh cd eicpd |iptrilmg gdld|irmi btndì` d|ph |dlhg|mjtd lhg dc rmdjh |tvcdndgpirmh dg ch| nd|d| `d etdrpd |dyti'

Lhndrlmicm{ilmg'

Dc lhndrlmh mgpdrgh d|pi dg nigh| `d mgpdrnd`mirmh# ytd i n| `d gh vijir dc vrdlmh kt|ph ìig ci licmì`# bilmdg`h nd{lci| `d

uirmh| lilih| tgh| n| |dlh| } hprh| n| btnd`h|# lilih otdgh lhg vrmdph# dpl' i ici vrd|dgpd |d d|pi hrjigm{ig`h ch| glcdh| `dlhndrlmicm{ilmg lhcdlpmui lhg dc ivh}h `dc vrh}dlph Dlt O.: } ci hrjigm{ilmg } vrhnhlmg `d ED@DLI@D } ci LL@ hrjigm|nh||mg emgd| `d ctlrh1 ytd dg lhrph vci{h udrg rd|tcpi`h| mgpdrd|igpd|# |mdnvrd ytd dm|pi ci virpmlmvilmg ilpmui `d ch| vrh`tlphrd|'

Lhnvcdkh'

D| ci i|hlmilmg `d `h| h n| dgedrndì`d| dg tgi nm|ni ni{hrli# ch n| erdltdgpd d| udr ci i|hlmilmg `d d|lhoi } nhgmcmi# ch ytdplgmlindgpd |d ccini lhnvcdkh# |d rdlhghld vhr ci vrd|dglmi `d d|vhri| `d nhgmcmi } `d ehrnilmg vhr ci d|lhoi' Emj Gh ?


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lhg rdlhcdllmhgd| |h|pdgmì| viri ci d|lhoi liì nd| vrmglmvmig`h `d|`d dgdrh } viri nhgmcmi liì 94 mì|' Ph`h orhpd } ertph

dgedrnh `dod |dr rdnhum`h } rdlhcdlpi`h h vhr ch ndgh| dgpdrri`h dg bhkiri|li# i| dg vhlh| mì| |drg |hch nipdrmi| hrjgmli| } ghlhgpinmgirg'

Lhgprhc `d nicd{i|

Bi} ytd dumpir i |t `dom`h pmdnvh ci lhnvdpdglmi `d nicd{i iùdgpmlmi|# pigph vhr d|vilmh lhnh vhr gtprmdgpd|'

Lh|dlbi

Ci lh|dlbi h rdlhcdllmg `d ni{hrli| `dodg rdicm{ir|d dg tgi erdltdglmi `d# dg ni}hr lh|dlbi# liì 94 ì| } dg vhli `d ndghrlh|dlbi liì ?9 ì|1 |d `dod lh|dlbir |hcindgpd ni{hrli| ni`tri| } dg dc li|h `d dgedrndì` h vrmdpi| lhnh ci ccininh| dg dclinvh# |m d| ytd |mrudg gh |d `dod dgprdudrir lhg ci| otdgi|# itgytd vhr ch jdgdric |d bild dg dc pdgìc1 ic virpmr ci ni{hrli viri |ilirci| icndg`ri|# |d `dod bildr lhg tg riog h nilbdpd vdytdh vrhvmh viri dcch# phnig`h dg ltdgpi `d gh lhrpir gmgjtgi vdvi'

Lchgilmg

D| ci ntcpmvcmlilmg i|dtic'D| ci gmli ehrni `d nigpdgdr dc jdghpmvh } edghpmvh `d tg udjdpic dg lilih# lhg tgi otdgi |dcdllmg `d ltcpmuh| `d icpivrh`tlpmumì` } rd|m|pdglmi i ci| dgedrndì`d| etgjh|i lhnh ci d|lhoi } nhgmcmi1 dc mph `dc ltcpmuh |dr rdic'

@rdgikd

D|pi mgerid|prtlptri d| mg`m|vdg|iocd# dg |tdch| vcigh| } `d pdptri eriglh irlmcch|h# bi} ytd oikir ci livi erdpmli vhr ch ndgh| 9#4nviri imrdir dc |tdch } ndkhrir dc dlh|m|pdni omhcjmlh# d|ph d|# nmlheitgi } echri ytd |hg ch| nmlrhhrjigm|nh| lit|igpd| `d cibtnmemlilmg `d ch| |tdch|1 i| nm|nh viri ci duiltilmg hvhrptgi `dc dld|h `d ijti vhr ch| etdrpd| ijtildrh| h rmdjh|'


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DlhchjiDc lilih ui omdg dg dc Dlti`hr `d|`d 6 bi|pi 066n1 lhg tgi vctumh|mì` `d 266 bi|pi ?466 nn ic ih1 |hvhrpi umdgph| `d rdjtcirmgpdg|mì`1 lhg tg pdnvdriptri nd`mi `d ?4L' Lhnh lhglct|mg tgi dlhchji prhvmlic vrhvmi `d oh|ytd| bnd`h|'

Dlhchjm{ilmg

Tg btdrph `d lilih d| tg oh|ytd |dltgìrmh# ig ndkhr |m |d lhg|drui lhg tg |hnorikd ivrhvmi`h# dg um|pi ytd ci pici mg`m|lrmnmgiì

`d ch| oh|ytd| giptricd| i vtd|ph dg |drmh vdcmjrh gtd|pri dlhchji# dc ndkhr omdg ytd ci giptricd{i gh| `mh' ED@DLI@D } ci LL@d|pinh| mgprh`tlmdg`h ci dlhcmjm{ilmg `d ci| rdi| lilihpdri| lhg ci emgicmì` `d ltmìr } ndkhrir ci dlhchji } viri dg ch vh|pdrmhrdlhdpmytdpir dc vrh`tlph lhg tg |dcch dlhcjmlh# d|pi ldrpmemlilmg ìr ni}hr vrdlmh ic vrh`tlph ch ytd odgdemlmir `mrdlpindgpd icijrmltcphr } ic vi| vhr dc ni}hr mgjrd|h `d `mum|i|'

Dlhpmvh

D| ci |dcdllmg `d tg ltcpmuir vrhnm|hrmh viri |dr lchgi`h } |dnori`h dg dc nm|nh |dlphr dg dc ytd etd chlicm{i`h'

Edrndgpilmg

D| dc vrhld|h ic ytd |d |hndpdg ci| icndg`ri| erd|li|# viri nipir dc dnormg dg oi|d i tgi icpi pdnvdriptri vrhuhliì vhr cih|lmcilmg oilpdrmi# nmlrhhrjigm|nh| igidrhomh| ytd vrhuhlig ci `d|lhnvh|mlmg `d ch| i{lird| ytd lhgpmdgd dc ntlmcijh `dc lilih'

Tgi ud{ ntdrph dc dnormg ì vi|h i ci prig|ehrnilmg omhytnmli `d ch| lhpmcd`hgd| } i| lhg|djtmr ci| otdgi| lhg`mlmhgd|hrjighcvpmli|# ndkhrig`h dc |iohr } dum`dglmig`h ci vrd|dglmi `d |t|piglmi| ildmpd| d|dglmicd| vrdltr|hrd| `dc irhni `dclbhlhcipd'

Edrpmcm{ilmg


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Ci edrpmcm{ilmg |d bild n| gdld|irmi dg ch| vrmndrh| ih| `d vcigpir|d dc btdrph1 viri dcch ch n| rdlhndgìocd d| bildr tg igcm|m|`d |tdch| viri |iodr ci udrì`dri `demlmdglmi } ytd nmgdricd| } dg vrhvhrlmhgd| bi} ytd ivcmlirch|' Vi|i`h| ch| 4 ih|# viri edrpmcm{irbi} ytd phnir dg ltdgpi uirmh| eilphrd|# lhnh# `m|vhgmomcmì` `d rmdjh# d|pi`h `dc |hnorikd# vhpdglmic `d vrh`tllmg# rd|drui| `dnipdrmi hrjgmli dg `d|lhnvh|mlmg# dpl'

Borm`h

\m virpmnh| `dc vtgph `d um|pi ytd dc lilih d| tgi d|vdlmd vhcmjnmli ph`h lilih d| tg borm`h# lcirh# ytd tgh n| nd|pm{h| ytd hprh|'

Bi} ytd `medrdglmir `h| lci|d| `d borm`h|1 borm`h| giptricd| d borm`h| lhgprhci`h|1 ch| giptricd| |hg ci| ni{hrli| `d vhcmgm{ilmgcmord d| `dlmr `d vi`rd `d|lhghlm`h1 ch| lhgprhci`h| |hg ch| ytd |d lhgprhci h im|ci ci echr vrd } vh|p vhcmgm{ilmg# } dc vhcdg d|vrhvhrlmhgi`h } `mrmjm`h `d vi`rd |dcdllmhgi`h viri dc dedlph' EMJ ?0'

Mgkdrph

D| tg nph`h n| `d lchgilmg'Ci tgmg `d `h| virpd| udjdpipmui|# viprg.bt|vd` } lhg|djtmr ci mgpdrillmg e|mlh.omhcjmli1 ci| lticmì`d| jdgpmli| `d liì tgh |d

nigpmdgdg# vhr ch pigph ch ytd odgdemlmi |hg ci| otdgi| lticmì`d| `dc bt|vd`

Ntpilmg lhgjgmpi

D| dc linomh bdrd`mpirmh dg dc nipdrmic jdgpmlh ytd |d nigmemd|pi# jdgpmli } edghpvmlindgpd dg icjtgh| li|h| } dg hprh| li|h|#vtd`d mr d|pdrmcmì`' Dg lilih ci itphmglhnvipmomcmì` }i d| tgi nigmed|pilmg lhgjgmpi'

Ghrni|

\hg ch| rdytm|mph| ytd `dod ltnvcmr dc |phla `d lilih dc jrigh i dvhrpir|d'


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Vhì|

Ci| vhì| |hg tgi vrlpmli ltcptric ytd |d bild `d|`d pdnvrigi dì` `dc btdrph# lhnh ci `d ehrnilmg# dg lchgd| |d dnvmd{i bilmdg`hdgprd ch| ?6 i ?0 nd|d|# dg |dnmcci| dgprd ch| ?0 }


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Vrhehrni `d ci |dli`hri nh`dch'Lhg|prtllmg `d tg udgpmci`hr mg`t|prmic'

Livilm`i` `d 066 ytmgpicd|'Etglmhgi lhg nhphr `d 96bv 9:66 rvn'

Lh|ph

Udgpmci`hrLinvigi `met|hriIrrigli`hr lhnvcdphNhphr 96bv 9:66 rvn

Phpic lhg nhphrNhphr

Lhg|prtllmg `d tg ytdni`hr i ji| } ntcpmvcd|'Yj9 dgldg`m`h itphnpmlh'

Lh|phYtdni`hrNtcpmvcd

Phpic

Nighndprh 6.?66v|m ? lhg jcmldrmgiVdrghndprh 6.?66 l' T|i ?

Uicutci |hcdghm`d 6.956v|m vtcj' 9?6u'


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Phpic

Pigytd| 9?

Lhg|prtllmg `d tgi oig`dki ndpcmli'Vciglbi jicuigm{i`i'

Nd`m`i|


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\dcdllmg

Ci |dcdllmg `d ci| |dnmcci| d| ci oi|d etgìndgpic viri dc mph `d lticytmdr ltcpmuh1 i| nm|nh viri ci lhcilmg# ci |dcdllmg `d tgltcpmuir omdg bdlbi# |dr jirigpi `dc mph'

\dnmcci

\dnmccdrh

D| dc ctjir `d|pmgi`h viri ci jdnmgilmg `d ci| |dnmcci| |dcdllmhgiì| } dg `hg`d |d rdicm{ig ch| ltmì`h| plgmlh| gdld|irmh| viri ch|

orhpd| bi|pi ltig`h d|ph| |hg pri|ciì`h| } |dnori`h| dg dc rdi `demgmpmui vcigpilmg' "emj' ?5-'

\hnori

Dc |hnorikd pigph dc pdnvhric dg ci ehrnilmg `dc btdrph# ch nm|nh dc vdrdggd dg ci umì vrh`tlpmui1 d| nt} gdld|irmh# dg dc vrmndrd|pi`h i}tì ic vrdg`mnmdgph } lrdlmnmdgph n| vrdlmh|# dg dc |djtg`h li|h dc |hnorikd rilmhgic dumpi ci |hord duivhprig|vmrilmhg }dc btdrph vtd`d |dr bi|pi n| chgjduh1 ch| |tdch| ndkhrig pdptri } d|prtlptri } vhr dg`d |hg n| etglmhgicd| } erpmcd|'

\tdch

Ch| |tdch| vpmnh| viri lilih |hg ch| eriglh|# vdrh |d vtd`d ltcpmuir lhg mph pinomg dg |tdch| eriglh| irlmcch|h| } eriglh|irdgh|h|1 bilmdg`h ch| lhrrdlpmuh| `dc li|h|'


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Phvhjriei

ci phvhjriei vcigi d| ci n| rdlhndgìocd eilmcmpir dc rmdjh |tvcdndgpirmi vhr jriudì` ytd d| dc n| dlhgnmlh1 dg |tdch| tg pigphmrrdjtcird| pinomg ui dc ltcpmuh# phnig`h dg ltdgpi ytd dc nipdrmic `d |mdnori vtd`d |dr `d |dnmcci| } dg dc li|h `dc lchgd| |dvrdemdrd ytd |dig vhr mgkdrph|1 d|ph| gh |terdg uhclinmdgph } |hg n| rd|m|pdgpd| i ci |dyti } lhg tg i`dlti`h |hnorikd `d irohcd|cdjtnmgh|h| gh bir ntlbi eicpi dc rmdjh |tvcdndgpirmh'

Litcmechrh

Dc lilih d| tgi vcigpi `d vrh`tllmg litcmechri# d| `dlmr# ytd ci| echrd| |d ehrnig dg dc prhglh } rini| `dc rohcPd|pi

D| ci ltpltci ytd ltord h dgutdcud i ch| lhpmcd`hgd|# |dnmcci| h icndg`ri|# d| jrtd|i } tg pigph mnvdrnmiocd' Emjtri

Vcildgpi h udgi

D| dc dkd ldgpric dg ytd |d i`bmdrdg ci| icndg`ri| h vdvi|'

Ntlmcijh|

D| ci vtcvi i{tliriì ytd ltord ci| icndg`ri| h vdvi| erd|li|# ch ytd dg dc linvh ccininh| oioi'

Itphlhnvipmomcmì`

Ytd |d ildvpi |t vrhvmh vhcdg'

Itphmglhnvipmomcmì`'

Ytd gh |d ildvpi |t vrhvmh vhcdg1 D|pdrmcmì` virlmic'


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Mgpdrlhnvipmomcmì`'

Ytd ildvpi dc vhcdg `d hprh| jdghpmvh| `d |t nm|ni d|vdlmd'

Mgpdrmglhnvipmomcmì`

Ytd gh ildvpi gmgjg vhcdg1 D|pdrmcmì` phpic'


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DKDNVCH\ @D NIGDKH\EMGIGLMD_H\ @D V_H]DLPH\

\DNDKIGPD\

IGDRH ?


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9 ? < 0 4 5 : 2 = 96 99 9? 9< 90 94 95 9: 92 9= ?6 ?9

EHG@H _DDNOHC\IOCD


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\V_DI@ DGP_D LHNV_I ] UDGPI

.

4'666

96'666

94'666

?6'666

?4'666

9 ? < 0 4 5 : 2 = 96 99 9? 9< 90 94 95 9: 92 9= ?6 ?9 ?? ?< ?0 ?4 ?5 ?: ?2 ?=


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.

4#6

96#6

94#6

?6#6

?4#6

9 ? < 0 4 5 : 2 = 96 99 9? 9< 90 94 95 9: 92 9= ?6 ?9 ?? ?< ?0 ?4 ?5 ?: ?2 ?=


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ZZZ'LL@'H_J'DL# \TJD_DGLMI\FLL@'H_J'DL

BPPV;((ZZZ'\L_MO@'LHN(LHG\D_UILMHG%@D\I__HCCH

ECTKH @D CI LHND_LMICM[I@H_I @D V_H@TLPH\ P_HVMLICD\

/LHNTGM@I@D\ GDJ_I\ DG ILLMHG/

6

96666666

?6666666


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MGJ_D\H\ @D CI LHND_LMICM[I@H_I @D V_H@TLPH\ P_HVMLICD\

/LHNTGM@I@D\ GDJ_I\ DG ILLMG/

6

96666666

?6666666


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9 ? < 0 4 5MGJ_D\H\

966'666PIJTIYtmgpicd|Udgpi phpic pijti 96'46? 95'96= 95499#: 95=?0#4 9:


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Manual Para El Cultivo de Cacao en Un Sistema Agroforestal 1996, , Make a [email protected] / Haga...

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