La piratería audiovisual en Internet y el vídeo bajo demanda. Un análisis conjunto a través del...

7/21/2019 La piratera audiovisual en Internet y el vdeo bajo demanda. Un anlisis conjunto a travs del periodismo de datos

1/60

Bfauotfc cn A`nja`fs cn of Akgujàfa`j^j`vnrs`cfc ]ny Dufj Afroks

S]FMFDK B@J CN I]FCK

Jkgmrn4 ]fo

Fpnoo`cks4 Bfmnok Ikjzonz

C`rnatkr4 Gfjuno Irtruc`x Mfrr`k

Irfck nj Xnr`kc`sgk

Aursk4 =863/=86>

]nsugnj4

No nstuc`k nvfof of rnofa`j nx`stnjtn njtrn oks j`vnons cn p`rftnrf fuc`kv`sufo

kjo`jn nj Nspff y no akjsugk nj @jtnrjnt cn of kbnrtf onifo cn a`jn mfdk

cngfjcf. Gnc`fjtn tajàfs cn pnr`kc`sgk cn cftks, sn fjfo`zfj cftks cno

G`j`stnr`k cn Ncuafa`j, Auoturf y Cnpkrtn (GNAC), of Qka`ncfc Injnrfo cnFutkrns y Nc`tkrns (QIFN), of Akfoà`j cn Arnfckrns, Nurkstfts k MK]GN.

Oks rnsuotfcks kbrnanj qun no j`vno cn p`rftnrf fuc`kv`sufo `ja`cn c`rnatfgnjtn

nj no akjsugk onifo cn a`jn nj RkC4 f gfykr p`rftnrf, gnjkr akjsugk.

Of p`rftnrf fuc`kv`sufo nj @jtnrjnt y no

vcnk mfdk cngfjcf. ^j fjo`s`s

akjdujtk f trfvs cno pnr`kc`sgk cn cftks


2/60


-=-

Futkr4 ]fo Bfmnok IkjzonzOf p`rftnrf fuc`kv`sufo nj @jtnrjnt y no vcnk mfdk cngfjcf. ^j fjo`s`s akjdujtk f trfvs cno pnr`kc`sgk cn cftks

JC@AN

6. @JS]KCÂA@ J 1

6.6. Kmdntk 3

6.=. Kmdnt`vks >

6.1. E`ptns`s >

6.3. Gntkckokif 2

6.3.6. Cnb`jà`j cn akjanptks 56.3.=. ]nofa`j njtrn uj`cfcns cn `jvnstìfa`j 63

6.3.1. Xrkanc`g`njtk 6>

6.3.3. Sajàfs 69

=. CNQF]]KOOK =8

=.6. Nstfck cn of aunst`j =8

=.6.6. Xnr`kc`sgk cn cftks=8

=.6.=. Xrkp`ncfc `jtnonatufo y p`rftnrf fuc`kv`sufo =3

=.6.1. Rcnk mfdk cngfjcf =0

1. ]NQÔSFCKQ. AKJAO^Q@KJNQ. C@QA^Q@J 13

1.6. ]nsuotfcks 13

1.6.6. ]nsuotfcks skmrn of p`rftnrf fuc`kv`sufo 13

1.6.=. ]nsuotfcks skmrn no akjsugk cn vcnk mfdk cngfjcf 3=

1.6.1. ]nsuotfcks skmrn no pnr`kc`sgk cn cftks 39

1.=. Akjaous`kjns 39

1.1. C`saus`j >8

3. ]NBN]NJA@FQ CKA^GNJSFONQ >3

>. JC@AN SNGS@AK >0

>.6. jcàn cn tfmofs, aufcrks, bìurfs y irbàks >0


3/60


-1-


6.

@JS]KCÂA@J

No prnsnjtn trfmfdk akjs`stn nj of nofmkrfa`j cn uj rnpkrtfdn ngponfjck tajàfs cn

pnr`kc`sgk cn prna`s`j k pnr`kc`sgk cn cftks. No rnpkrtfdn cnsar`mn of rnofa`j nx`stnjtn

njtrn oks j`vnons cn p`rftnrf fuc`kv`sufo kjo`jn nj Nspff y no akjsugk nj @jtnrjnt cn of

kbnrtf onifo cn a`jn mfdk cngfjcf.

Akj tkck nook sn pnrsìun rfc`kirfb`fr nj qu gnc`cf nj Nspff sn nstj v`njck pnoauofs k

snr`ns cn gfjnrf òa`tf y agk nstn akgpkrtfg`njtk puncn `jbou`r nj no cnsfrrkook cn ofsngprnsfs kjo`jn qun kbnrtfj su aftokik fuc`kv`sufo mfdk cngfjcf gnc`fjtn pfik.

Xfrf of nofmkrfa`j cno rnpkrtfdn sn efj tnj`ck nj aunjtf oks cftks cno snatkr cno vcnk qun

kbrnan of ot`gf Njaunstf cn Em`tks y Xratàfs Auoturfons cno GNAC nj Nspff qun cftf

cno pnr`kck =868-=866. Càef bunjtn jks ef bfaò`tfck of afjt`cfc cn usufr`ks cn @jtnrjnt

qun rnfo`zfrkj cnsafrifs irftu`tfs y su cnsioksn pkr vfr`fmons ska`kcngkirbàfs. Nstk

pnrg`tn kmtnjnr nst`gfa`kjns rnoft`vfs fo akjsugk cn pnoauofs y snr`ns, prkcuatks sudntks fcnrnaeks cn prkp`ncfc `jtnonatufo, s`njck pkr tfjtk ujf vf pfrf fmkrcfr ofs jnans`cfcns cn

`jbkrgfa`j nstfcstàf cno tngf f trftfr. Fs`g`sgk, y pfrf afrfatnr`zfr nstn snatkr auoturfo

sn ef prkanc`ck f kmtnjnr oks cftks nstfcst aks cno ot`gk fjufr`k QIFN cn ofs frtns

nsajàfs, gusàfons y fuc`kv`sufons skmrn fat`v`cfcns rnfo`zfcfs nj @jtnrjnt nj aufjtk f

vcnk sn rnb`nrn curfjtn uj pnr`kck cn auftrk fks, cn =868 f =861 (fujqun nj kafs`kjns no

pnr`kck puncn snr gfykr pkr of prnsnja`f cn cftks cn of snr`n e`stràf qun sn efj

akjs`cnrfck pnrt`jnjtns utò`zfr).

Sfgm`j sn efj kmtnj`ck oks cftks cn pnoauofs p`rftnfcfs qun kbrnan no Kmsnrvftkr`k cn of

p`rftnrf y em`tks cn akjsugk cì`tfons,qun nc`tf fjufognjtn cnscn no =880 of Akfoà`j cn

Arnfckrns, ujf fska`fa`j qun njiokmf f ska`ncfcns cn inst`j cn cnrnaeks y f vfr`fs

pftrkjfons cn of `jcustr`f fuc`kv`sufo, y qun nofmkrf of akjsuotkrf IBL.

Fujqun ofs bunjtns gnja`kjfcfs fjtnr`krgnjtn skj ofs pr`ja`pfons cn nstf `jvnstìfa`j, sn

efj rnafmfck cftks skmrn a`mnrar`g`jfo`cfc nj oks ot`gks trns fks qun kbrnan no fjufr`knstfcstàk cno G`j`stnr`k cno @jtnr`kr. Fs`g`sgk, pfrf akjs`cnrfr of kbnrtf onifo cn a`jn pkr


4/60


-3-


@jtnrjnt sn ef rnaurr`ck f `jcàfckrns cn faansk f `jbkrgfa`j cn Nurkstft pfrf no pnr`kck

=889-=866, `jbkrgfa`j b`jfja`nrf rnoft`vf fo ndnraà`k =861 cn ngprnsfs qun kbrnanj

c`str`mua`j kjo`jn cn vcnk mfdk cngfjcf nj Nspff, fs akgk cftks cn akjsugk nj

strnfg`ji.

Of `jvnstìfa`j sn vn akgk ujf kpkrtuj`cfc pfrf fjfo`zfr y akjtrfstfr a`njtbàfgnjtn ofs

c`vnrsfs bunjtns cn cftks qun cntfoofj no kmdntk cn nstuc`k, y qun s`rvnj, njtrn ktrfs

aunst`kjns, pfrf injnrfr no gfrak cn akjka`g`njtk y kp`j`j pmoàf skmrn no g`sgk. Nstfns of jfturfonzf cno pnr`kc`sgk cn cftks, qun bfaò`tf of msquncf cn rnofa`kjns njtrn cftks y

ckaugnjtks f trfvs cno prkansfg`njtk akj prkanc`g`njtks jbkrgtàks, akgputfa`kjfons,

nta.

6.6.

Kmdntk

No kmdntk cn nstuc`k ns no `gpfatk qun of p`rftnrf fuc`kv`sufo nj @jtnrjnt t`njn nj no

akjsugk kjo`jn cn of kbnrtf onifo cn a`jn mfdk cngfjcf nj Nspff.

Qn ef faktfck of `jvnstìfa`j f uj pnr`kck cn t`ngpk cn auftrk fks, nj akjarntk fo

`jtnrvfok njtrn oks fks =868 efstf no =861. Qn efj utò`zfck ofs tajàfs cno pnr`kc`sgk cn

cftks pfrf prkansfr cftks cn bunjtns pmoàfs y pr`vfcfs cn `jbkrgfa`j, y irfa`fs f ofs

fatufons enrrfg`njtfs cì`tfons sn ef pkc`ck prnsnjtfr cn gfjnrf gs akgprnjs`mon, nj

bkrgf cn irbàks, tkcf of `jbkrgfa`j kmtnj`cf.

Akj tkck, no b`j ot`gk qun sn pnrsìun ns efanr vnr cn qu gfjnrf `jbouyn of cnsafrif ònifo

cn akjtnj`ck fuc`kv`sufo nj @jtnrjnt pkr pfrtn cn oks usufr`ks pfrf uj snatkr akgk of

c`str`mua`j kjo`jn cn a`jn nj Nspff.

Xkr tfjtk, no prnsnjtn prkynatk cn `jvnstìfa`j prntnjcn frrkdfr ouz skmrn nstn fsujtk y

pfrf nook sn rnfo`zfr uj fjo`s`s cn oks cftks c`spkj`mons skmrn no kmdntk nj aunst`j qun jks

pnrg`tf rfc`kirfb`frok akj ujf v`s`j fondfcf cno pnr`kc`sgk tnst`gkj`fo qun sn mfsf nj

cnaofrfa`kjns.


5/60


->-


6.=.

Kmdnt`vks

No kmdnt`vk injnrfo cn nstn prkynatk cn `jvnstìfa`j ns cnsar`m`r no nsanjfr`k cn of

p`rftnrf fuc`kv`sufo nj Nspff y su rnofa`j akj no gnrafck onifo cn vcnk mfdk cngfjcf

nj @jtnrjnt.

Oks kmdnt`vks nspnabàksskj4

6. Nstuc`fr of rnofa`j njtrn oks j`vnons cn p`rftnrf qun prnsnjtf no gnrafck

nspfko nj no njtkrjk cno akjsugk wnm cn gftnr`fo fuc`kv`sufo, nj akjarntk cnpnoauofs y snr`ns, y oks cn akjsugk onifo kbnrtfck pkr ngprnsfs cn vcnk mfdk

cngfjcf f trfvs cn v`s`kjfck nj strnfg`jipkr @jtnrjnt.

=. Akjkanr s` nx`stnj akgpkrtfg`njtks nspnabàks nj no p`rftnk cn vcnks nj

@jtnrjnt nj buja`j cno pnrbò ska`kcngkirbàk (irupks cn ncfc, snxk, j`vno cn

nstuc`ks, s`tufa`j ofmkrfo y ouifr cn rns`cnja`f).

1. Fjfo`zfr, gnc`fjtn tajàfs cn v`sufo`zfa`j cn cftks, cn qu gfjnrf akjsugnj

akjtnj`cks fuc`kv`sufons oks nspfkons y s` bkgnjtf uj njtkrjk fcnaufck pfrf

cnsfrrkoofr uj jnika`k cn v`cnk kj cngfjcnj @jtnrjnt.

6.1.

E`ptns`s

Of gfykr pnjntrfa`j cn c`spks`t`vks akgk krcnjfckrns, tfmonts, sgfrtpekjns k

v`cnkakjskofs, dujtk akj ujf nxtnjs`j prkirns`vf cn of b`mrf ptàf nj oks ekifrns, fs

akgk uj fugnjtk nj ofs rncns 3I pfrf c`spks`t`vks gvòns nstj arnfjck uj naks`stngf

bfvkrfmon pfrf qun sn puncf akjsug`r cn gfjnrf pt`gf vcnk pkr @jtnrjnt. Xkr tfjtk, sn

kmsnrvf qun of nvkoua`j qun nxpnr`gnjtf of tnajkokif puncn efanr v`fmon no usk cn oks

snrvà`ks cn vcnk mfdk cngfjcf. Q`j ngmfrik, sn fprna`f uj onjtk arna`g`njtk cno

gnrafck RkC nj Nspff, uj junvk afjfo cn c`str`mua`j fpnjfs nxpoktfck, ckjcn pkafs

skj ofs ngprnsfs qun fpunstfj pkr nook.

Xfrnan qun of p`rftnrf cn akjtnj`cks fuc`kv`sufons puncn nstfr cntrs cn nstf s`tufa`j

cnm`ck f of prko`bnrfa`j cn pi`jfs wnm ònifons y ujf oni`sofa`j ofxf nj gftnr`f cn

prkp`ncfc `jtnonatufo. Nstk ef prkvkafck qun oks nspnatfckrns nspfkons sn efyfj


6/60


-2-


efm`tufck f vnr irftu`tfgnjtn ofs ot`gfs pnoauofs y snr`ns pkak cnspus cn su nstrnjk. Xkr

akjsìu`njtn, snrf akjvnj`njtn akjkanr s` ofs afusfs cn nstn nsafsk cnsfrrkook puncnj

cnmnrsn f ofs cnsafrifs cn akjtnj`ck ònifo, qun efj akgprkgnt`ck oks `jirnsks cn pnoauofs

y snr`ns.

No j`vno cn p`rftnrf fuc`kv`sufo `ja`cn c`rnatfgnjtn nj no akjsugk onifo cn a`jn nj

RkC4 f gfykr p`rftnrf, gnjkr akjsugk.

Xkr ktrk ofck, no `gpfatk rniuoftkr`k qun puncn tnjnr of junvf Ony cn Xrkp`ncfc @jtnonatufo

puncn bfvkrnanr uj afgm`k nj nstn naks`stngf. Akgk usufr`ks cn @jtnrjnt engks

kmsnrvfck qun of kbnrtf cn akjtnj`cks cn RkC ns nsafsf y nj kafs`kjns s`j no vfokr ffc`ck

cn of vnrs`j krì`jfo akj sumttuoks, afo`cfc cn skj`ck Ckomy, uj v`s`kjfck qun jk ns

guot`poftfbkrgf, nta.). Nstk jks oonvf f pnjsfr qun s` eum`nrf ujf kbnrtf cn akjtnj`cks

fcnaufcf efmrf afcf vnz gs usufr`ks c`spunstks f pfifr. Nstk pnrg`t`rf pnjsfr qun no

nsafsk cnsfrrkook cn nstn gkcnok cn jnika`k jk sn v`jauofrf jàf y nxaous`vfgnjtn f oks

fotks j`vnons cn p`rftnrf, s`jk tfgm`j f uj prkmongf cn gkcnok nakjgàk cno snatkr. Xkr

tfjtk, of gnjkr kbnrtf cn akjtnj`cks (pnoauofs y snr`ns) pkr pfrtn cn ofs poftfbkrgfs RkC

puncf qun `jbouyf nj gfykrns tfsfs cn p`rftnrf fuc`kv`sufo.

6.3. Gntkckokif

Of gntkckokif ngponfcf pfrf of nofmkrfa`j cno rnpkrtfdn ns of prkp`f cno pnr`kc`sgk cn

cftks. Qnij Gfr Afmrf, pnr`kc`stf y g`ngmrk cno @jtnrjft`kjfo Akjskrtùg kb

@jvnstìft`vn Dkurjfo`sts, no pnr`kc`sgk cn cftks sn puncn cnb`j`r akgk of faa`j cn

rnafmfr y fjfo`zfr irfjcns afjt`cfcns cn `jbkrgfa`j y cftks cntfoofcks pfrf cnspus

efanroks akgprnjs`mons f of fuc`nja`f f trfvs cn frtauoks, v`sufo`zfa`kjns k fpoàfa`kjns

(Afmrf, =861).

Akgk fb`rgfj G`rlk Okrnjz y Cfv`c Fjcnrtkj nj no Gfjufo cn Xnr`kc`sgk cn cftks, usfr

cftks trfjsbkrgf foik fmstrfatk nj foik qun tkcks puncnj njtnjcnr (Okrnjz, =86=).

Sfgm`j fyucf f `cnjt`bàfr tnjcnja`fs qun jk skok skj sìj`bàft`vfs nstfcstàfgnjtn s`jkqun tfgm`j skj rnonvfjtns pfrf cnsnjtrffr no gujck cn eky (Fjcnrtkj, =86=).


7/60


-9-


Cn nstf gfjnrf, sn ef prkanc`ck f rnafmfr oks cftks jnansfr`ks pfrf akjb`rgfr of e`ptns`s

qun gkt`vf no sìu`njtn trfmfdk cn `jvnstìfa`j, qun akjs`stn nj sfmnr s` nx`stn ujf rnofa`j

`jvnrsf njtrn of nsafsf kbnrtf onifo cn a`jn f trfvs cn @jtnrjnt y of p`rftnrf fuc`kv`sufo.

Xfrf cktfr cn rìkr gntkckoiàk f of `jvnstìfa`j sn fpkrtfj ofs bunjtns cn oks cftks f oks

qun sn ef tnj`ck faansk y akj oks qun sn vf f trfmfdfr. Xfrf nook sn nspna`bàfj nj of prnsnjtn

gntkckokif tkcks oks rnaursks ngponfcks y of gfjnrf cn prkancnr. Fs, of kmdnt`v`cfc cn

oks rnsuotfcks sn rng`tn f of trfjspfrnja`f cno gtkck ngponfck pfrf oonifr f oks g`sgks, fsakgk f of kpkrtuj`cfc cn qun càek gtkck snf rnpoàfck pkr ktrks `jvnstìfckrns.

Sfgm`j, sn cndf akjstfja`f cn ofs c`bnrnjtns gntkckokifs qun ngponfj ofs pr`ja`pfons

bunjtns cn `jbkrgfa`j qun efj s`ck utò`zfcfs pfrf of nofmkrfa`j cno rnpkrtfdn, akgk no

G`j`stnr`k cn Ncuafa`j, Auoturf y Cnpkrtns (GNAC), of Qka`ncfc Injnrfo cn Futkrns y

Nc`tkrns (QIFN) y of Akfoà`j cn Arnfckrns.

F akjt`jufa`j sn cntfoofj ofs bunjtns akj oks njofans f sus pi`jfs wnm, ckjcn puncn

cnsafrifrsn of gntkckokif akjarntf ngponfcf pkr afcf krifj`sgk pfrf nofmkrfr sus

nstfcstàfs.

Njofan fo fjufr`k QIFN cn ofs frtns nsajàfs, gusàfons y fuc`kv`sufons =8634

Qn trftf cn uj vkougnj qun kbrnan cftks nstfcstàks msàks qun afrfatnr`zfj no snatkr

auoturfo cno vcnk y ofs junvfs tnajkokifs y qun surin akgk rnsuotfck cn uj prkansk cn

afpturf y trftfg`njtk cn cftks, fs akgk cn akgpòfa`j cn bunjtns. Nstn Fjufr`k akjt`njn

`jbkrgfa`j rnoft`vf cno fk =861 y fpkrtf cftks pfrf of akgpfrfa`j akj no ndnraà`k cn

=86= y akj of snr`n e`stràf cnscn =889.

ettp4//www.fjufr`kssifn.akg/fjufr`k=863/ekgn.etgo

Njofan fo Kmsnrvftkr`k cn of p`rftnrf y em`tks cn akjsugk cì`tfons4

Qn trftf cn oks `jbkrgns nstfcstàks nofmkrfcks f pfrt`r cn njaunstfs cn gnrafck pkr of

akjsuotkrf @CA (=880-=866) y IBL (=86=-=861) f `jstfja`fs cn of Akfoà`j cn Arnfckrnsn @jcustr`fs cn Akjtnj`cks akj no kmdnt`vk cn fjfo`zfr of nvkoua`j nj Nspff cn of p`rftnrf
http://www.anuariossgae.com/anuario2014/home.htmlhttp://www.anuariossgae.com/anuario2014/home.htmlhttp://www.anuariossgae.com/anuario2014/home.html


8/60


-5-


nj @jtnrjnt cn oks akjtnj`cks auoturfons, njtrn oks qun sn `jaouyn no snatkr cn ofs pnoauofs.

ettp4//ofakfoà`kj.ns/kmsnrvftkr`k-cn-of-p`rftnr f/kmsnrvftkr`k-cn-of-p`rftnr`f-=863/

Njofan f of Njaunstf cn Em`tks y Xratàfs Auoturfons nj Nspff =868-=866 cno GNAC4

Nstf `jvnstìfa`j bfaò`tf oks pr`ja`pfons `jcàfckrns rnoft`vks f oks em`tks y pratàfs

auoturfons cn oks nspfkons y, pkr ktrf, prkbujc`zf nj ok qun rnspnatf f oks akjsugks

auoturfons, nj akjarntk nj of bkrgf cn fcqu`sà`j cn vcnk, uj prkcuatk sudntk f cnrnaeks

cn prkp`ncfc jtnonatufo.ettp4//www.gnac.ikm.ns/snrvà`ks-fo-aùcfcfjk-gnac/nstfc`stàfs/auoturf/ga/nea/=868-

=866/gntkckoki`f.etgo

6.3.6. Cnb`jà`j cn akjanptks

Oks akjanptks cnb`j`cks fpfrnanj krcnjfcks cn gfjnrf tngtàf. Nj pr`gnr ouifr, sn

cnb`jnj fqunooks rnoft`vks fo pnr`kc`sgk cn cftks akgk gntkckokif ngponfcf.

Xkstnr`krgnjtn sn cnb`jnj ofs vfr`fmons fjfo`zfcfs, cnscn ofs qun sn rnb`nrnj f of p`rftnrf nj

@jtnrjnt efstf ofs rnofa`kjfcfs akj of prkp`ncfc `jtnonatufo, fs akgk ofs rnoft`vfs f of

c`str`mua`j cn akjtnj`ck fuc`kv`sufo pkr of rnc, pfrf tnrg`jfr cnsar`m`njck no pnr`kck cn

t`ngpk fjfo`zfck.

Xnr`kc`sgk cn cftks

Of aùcfcfjf cngfjcf `jbkrgfa`j gs akgprnjs`mon pfrf fatufr cn gfjnrf fcnaufcf nj

of v`cf pmoàf. P nj nstn fspnatk oks gnc`ks cn akgujàfa`j, akgk `jtnrgnc fr`ks njtrn no

aùcfcfjk y of rnfo`cfc, t`njnj of rnspkjsfmò`cfc cn vnr`bàfr of `jbkrgfa`j, akjtrfstfrof y

nxpoàfrof cn bkrgf ftrfat`vf. Akj ofs tajàfs cno pnr`kc`sgk cn cftks sn puncnj prkansfr

cftks cn bunjtns pmoàfs cn `jbkrgfa`j, y irfa`fs f ofs fatufons enrrfg`njtfs cì`tfons

oonifr f prnsnjtfr cn gfjnrf gs akgprnjs`mon, nj bkrgf cn irbàks, gfpfs y

v`sufo`zfa`kjns `jtnrfat`vfs, tkcf of `jbkrgfa`j kmtnj`cf.

Xfuo Mrfcsefw nj no Gfjufo cn Xnr`kc`sgk cn Cftks c`st`jiun no rfsik c`bnrnja`fckr cnopnr`kc`sgk cn cftks. Qnij no prkbnskr cn of ^j`vnrs`cfc cn M`rg`jiefg, qu`zs snfj ofs
http://lacoalicion.es/observatorio-de-la-pirateria/observatorio-de-la-pirateria-2014/http://lacoalicion.es/observatorio-de-la-pirateria/observatorio-de-la-pirateria-2014/http://www.mecd.gob.es/servicios-al-ciudadano-mecd/estadisticas/cultura/mc/ehc/2010-2011/metodologia.htmlhttp://www.mecd.gob.es/servicios-al-ciudadano-mecd/estadisticas/cultura/mc/ehc/2010-2011/metodologia.htmlhttp://www.mecd.gob.es/servicios-al-ciudadano-mecd/estadisticas/cultura/mc/ehc/2010-2011/metodologia.htmlhttp://www.mecd.gob.es/servicios-al-ciudadano-mecd/estadisticas/cultura/mc/ehc/2010-2011/metodologia.htmlhttp://www.mecd.gob.es/servicios-al-ciudadano-mecd/estadisticas/cultura/mc/ehc/2010-2011/metodologia.htmlhttp://lacoalicion.es/observatorio-de-la-pirateria/observatorio-de-la-pirateria-2014/


9/60


-0-


junvfs pks`mò`cfcns qun fpfrnanj, aufjck sn akgm`jf no trfcà`kjfo kobftk pfrf ofs

jktà`fs y of afpfa`cfc cn jfrrfr ujf e`stkr`f akjv`janjtn, akj of nsafof y foafjan cn of

`jbkrgfa`j cì`tfo c`spkj`mon nj of fatufo`cfc (Mrfcsefw, =86=).

Srfjspfrnja`f

Of trfjspfrnja`f ns uj akjanptk aofvn nj no ikm`nrjk fm`nrtk. Of pfrtà`pfa`j y of

akofmkrfa`j cn of aùcfcfjf jk t`njnj snjt`ck s` of `jbkrgfa`j cn qun c`spkjn no

Ikm`nrjk y of Fcg`j`strfa`j jk ns pmoàf pfrf tkcks oks fatkrns `gpoàfcks.

Qnij snfof no akonat`vk cn prkbns`kjfons cn Ufrxf c'@jjkvfa` Xmoàf cn Aftfouf4

Of fpnrturf cn cftks pmoàks ns njtkjans uj pujtk nsnja`fo nj no trfynatk efa`f of

trfjspfrnja`f y ns `jenrnjtn f ujf nstrftni`f cn fpnrturf cno akjka`g`njtk injnrfo. No ikm`nrjk

y ofs ngprnsfs qun trfmfdnj y fatnj nj su jkgmrn cnmnj fmr`r pfrf tkck no gujck oks cftks

rnsuotfjtns cn su fat`v`cfc. Oks cftks cnmnj kbrnanrsn nstruaturfcks nj frae`vks cn bkrgftk

fm`nrtk, `jtnrkpnrfmons y akj oànja`fs qun futkrànj su c`bus`j pmoàf. Of Fcg`j`strfa`j

fmrn oks cftks pfrf qun ngprnsfs, fska`fa`kjns y aùcfcfjf oks usnj y nofmkrnj junvks prk-

cuatks y snrvà`ks qun fpkrtnj vfokr y r`qunzf pfrf of ska`ncfc. (RR.FF., =863).

Cn faunrck f of Ony 60/=861, k Ony cn trfjspfrnja`f, Faansk f of @jbkrgfa`j Xmoàf y Munj

Ikm`nrjk, nstn cnrnaek sn njt`njcn akgk ujf enrrfg`njtf qun efan pks`mon qun oks

aùcfcfjks puncfj duzifr gndkr y akj gs ar`tnr`k of afpfa`cfc cn sus ocnrns y cna`c`r nj

akjsnaunja`f.

No 68 cn cà`ngmrn cn =863 njtr nj vìkr of pr`gnrf bfsn cn ofs kmoìfa`kjns cn

trfjspfrnja`f y faansk f of `jbkrgfa`j pfrf tkcks oks krifj`sgks nstftfons. Q`j ngmfrik,

nstf ony ef s`ck ar`tàfcf pkr nxpnrtks nj of gftnr`f pkrqun akjt`njn o`g`tfa`kjns. Cn enaek,

of krifj`zfa`j Fanss@jbk nj su Iokmfo ]ìet tk @jbkrgft`kj ]ft`ji Gfp s`tf nj of fatufo`cfc

junstrf ony cn trfjspfrnja`f nj no punstk 20 cn 686 pfsns f j`vno gujc`fo, ok qun nv`cnja`f

ofs pks`mò`cfcns qun nstf ony kbrnan f oks aùcfcfjks y pkr tfjtk fo trfmfdk pnr`kcstàk cn

cftks y cn `jvnstìfa`j. (Faans@jbk, =86>).


10/60


-68-


R`sufo`zfa`j

Irfa`fs fo cnsfrrkook cn prkirfgfs `jbkrgtàks qun bfaò`tfj of v`sufo`zfa`j nstfcstàf, no

pnr`kc`sgk v`sufo ns gs ràk nj cftks, ok qun ef prkpà`fck qun snf gnjks òustrft`vk y

gs fjfotàk.

Fomnrtk Af`rk nj su o`mrk No frtn buja`kjfo akjs`cnrf of v`sufo`zfa`j y of `jbkirfbf akgk

akjanptks s`jj`gks, cktfjck f of v`sufo`zfa`j cn ujf gfykr afpfa`cfc pfrf of

nxpokrfa`j. Fs, sn njt`njcn of v`sufo`zfa`j akgk tkck nongnjtk irbàk afpfz cn nxpkjnry fyucfr nj of rnbonx`j skmrn of `jbkrgfa`j qun sn prnsnjtf. (Af`rk, =86646>).

G`njtrfs qun No`k Ontur`f cnb`jf qu ns ujf `jbkirfbf nj oks sìu`njtns trg`jks4 Cn nstf

bkrgf, of `jbkrgfa`j jugràf, cno t`ngpk, nstfcstàf y guaefs ktrfs snrj gs nbnat`vfs

s`njck òustrfcfs qun gnc`fjtn no purk usk cn tnxtk. (Ontur`f, 6005468).

X`rftnrf fuc`kv`sufo

Qnij rnakin of Qka`ncfc Injnrfo cn Futkrns y Nc`tkrns nj su pi`jf wnm, sn njt`njcn pkr

p`rftnrf aufoqu`nr fatk pkr no aufo sn oonvf f afmk ujf nxpoktfa`j cn cnrnaeks cn prkp`ncfc

`jtnonatufo cn gfjnrf òa`tf, akj of b`jfo`cfc cn nouc`r no augpo`g`njtk cn of ony. (QIFN,

=86>). Of ]nfo Fafcng`f Nspfkof ok cnb`jn nj nstks trg`jks4 rkmk k cnstruaa`j cn oks

m`njns cn foiu`nj. (]FN, =86>). No => cn jkv`ngmrn cn =863, of vnrs`j cì`tfo cno c`fr`k

No Xfs t`tuofmf qun of Fuc`nja`f cn Afstnooj rft`bàf qun njofzfr akj wnms p`rftfs ns

cno`tky snjtnja` qun sn akgntn no cno`tk akjtrf of prkp`ncfc `jtnonatufo nj oks afsks cn

pi`jfs wnm akj njofans X=X nj ofs qun no t`tuofr cn of wnm njtrf nj no s`t`k cn `jtnrafgm`k

cn frae`vks, nxtrfn cno g`sgk uj njofan f uj frae`vk y ok `jakrpkrf akgk nongnjtk cn

cnsafrif c`rnatf nj su prkp`f wnm". (No Xfs, =863).

Xkr ktrk ofck, no gkv`g`njtk cn auoturf o`mrn njt`njcn qun of aùcfcfjf cnmn ndnranr su

cnrnaek cn faancnr f of auoturf y f of ncuafa`j, s`j qun nstk pnrduc`qun f oks futkrns y f ofs

`jcustr`fs auoturfons. Qnij Qfjt`fik Ifraf Ifik cn E@RKQ, nstk jk sìj`bàf oni`t`gfr of

oofgfcf p`rftnrf, ns cna`r, akp`fs ònifons cn prkirfgfs k usks jk futkr`zfcks cn kmrfso`tnrfr`fs, frtstàfs k `jtnonatufons \W.Xkr no akjtrfr`k, nstn cnrnaek cn faansk sn bfaò`tf


11/60


-66-


nstfmona`njck njtkrjks fm`nrtks cn arnfa`j, c`bus`j y c`str`mua`j cn of auoturf y no

akjka`g`njtk (Ifraf Ifik, =86346>).

Xfrf nstf `jvnstìfa`j sn efj tnj`ck nj aunjtf oks cftks kbrna`cks nj of ncà`j =868-=866

cn of Njaunstf cn Em`tks y Xratàfs Auoturfons nj Nspff qun rnfo`zf no G`j`stnr`k cn

Ncuafa`j, Auoturf y Cnpkrtns (GNAC) y ckjcn sn efj `jaou`ck prniujtfs rnoft`vfs fo

bnjgnjk cn of p`rftnrfcn akjtnj`cks auoturfons.

Xrkp`ncfc jtnonatufo4

No G`j`stnr`k cn Ncuafa`j, Auoturf y Cnpkrtn nj su pi`jf wnm cnb`jn qun of prkp`ncfc

`jtnonatufo nst `jtnirfcf pkr ujf snr`n cn cnrnaeks cn afratnr pnrskjfo y/k pftr`gkj`fo

qun ftr`muynj fo futkr y f ktrks t`tuofrns of c`spksà`j y nxpoktfa`j cn sus kmrfs y

prnstfa`kjns.

Of prkp`ncfc `jtnonatufo prktnin ofs arnfa`kjns krì`jfons o`tnrfr`fs, frtstàfs k a`njtbàfs

nxprnsfcfs nj aufoqu`nr gnc`k, tfons akgk o`mrks, nsar`tks, akgpksà`kjns gusàfons, kmrfs

crfgtàfs, akrnkirfbfs, kmrfs fuc`kv`sufons, nsauoturfs, kmrfs pàtràfs, pofjks, gfquntfs,

gfpfs, bktkirfbfs, prkirfgfs cn krcnjfckr y mfsns cn cftks. Sfgm`j prktnin ofs

`jtnrprntfa`kjns frtstàfs, oks bkjkirfgfs, ofs irfmfa`kjns fuc`kv`sufons y ofs ng`s`kjns cn

rfc`kc`bus`j.

Of Ony =6/=863 cn Xrkp`ncfc @jtnonatufo (OX@) njtr nj vìkr no pfsfck 6 cn njnrk cno

=86> akj no prkps`tk cn snr ujf jkrgf akjcuanjtn f of prktnaa`j cn of arnfa`j,

gnc`fjtn no rnakjka`g`njtk cn ujf snr`n cn cnrnaeks f bfvkr cn oks futkrns y pfrf trftfr cn

nrrfcàfr ofs cnsafrifs ònifons cn junstrk tnrr`tkr`k.

Rcnk mfdk cngfjcf

No vcnk mfdk cngfjcf (nj `jios4 v`cnk kj cngfjc, RkC) ns uj s`stngf qun pnrg`tn f oks

usufr`ks v`sufo`zfr ujf pnoauof k akjtnj`ck fuc`kv`sufo akjarntk nj no gkgnjtk qun cnsnn.

Ef cn tnjnrsn nj aunjtf qun pfrf nstf `jvnstìfa`j of tnajkokif cn vcnk mfdk cngfjcfqun jks jtnrnsf ns no snrvà`k cn R`cnk Kvnr-Sen-Skp (KSS),qun efan rnbnrnja`f f of njtrnif


12/60


-6=-


cn akjtnj`ck fuc`kv`sufo f trfvs cn @jtnrjnt s`j qun nx`stf uj kpnrfckr `gpoàfck nj no

akjtrko k c`str`mua`j cno akjtnj`ck.

Nstf cnjkg`jfa`j efan rnbnrnja`f f ujf junvf gkcfo`cfc cn c`str`mua`j cn a`jn kjo`jn

ckjcn sn puncn faancnr fo akjtnj`ck f trfvs cn jfvnifckrns faans`mons cnscn aufoqu`nr

c`spks`t`vk akj @jtnrjnt, akgk krcnjfckrns, tfmonts, sgfrtpekjns, v`cnkakjskofs k tnonv`skrns

akjnatfcks. No faansk cn oks usufr`ks f oks akjtnj`cks sn rnfo`zf f trfvs cn gtkcks akgk

no strnfg`ji, ujf tnajkokif qun sn utò`zf pfrf kpt`g`zfr of cnsafrif y rnprkcuaa`j cnfrae`vks cn fuc`k y vcnk qun sunonj tnjnr uj a`nrtk pnsk. Fs`g`sgk no gkcnok cn jnika`k

sn mfsf nj susar`pa`kjns k pfik pkr akjtnj`cks.

Em`tks cn akjsugk cì`tfo y pratàfs auoturfons

Oks `jcàfckrns cn of Njaunstf cn Em`tks y Xratàfs Auoturfons cn of ncà`j =868-=866,

qun rnfo`zf no G`j`stnr`k cn Ncuafa`j, Auoturf y Cnpkrtn, skj rnoft`vks f s` sn ef prkcua`ck

of pratàf cn ujf cntnrg`jfcf fat`v`cfc auoturfo nj uj pnr`kck akjarntk y, nj su afsk, cn su

`jtnjs`cfc4 aujtfs vnans k aujtk t`ngpk efj cncàfck f of g`sgf. Sfgm`j no em`tk

injnrfo cn rnfo`zfr ujf cntnrg`jfcf fat`v`cfc auoturfo, s`j qun nook `jc`qun of jnansfr`f

pratàf nj oks g`sgks.

Qn trftf akj nook cn kmtnjnr uj gfykr akjka`g`njtk cn oks em`tks cn akjsugk, of

cnb`jà`j cno pnrbò cno akjsug`ckr cn prkcuatks òa`tks y of kmtnja`j cn `jcàfckrns

jnansfr`ks pfrf vfokrfr of `ja`cnja`f cn ofs fat`v`cfcns vuojnrfckrfs cn of prkp`ncfc

`jtnonatufo, nj akjarntk pfrf no kmdntk gkt`vk cn nstf `jvnstìfa`j. Of njaunstf fmkrcf,

njtrn ktrfs aksfs, prniujtfs rnoft`vfs fo bnjgnjk cn of p`rftnrfcn akjtnj`cks auoturfons.

Kbnrtf onifo cn a`jn

Cnjkg`jfcf nj `jios akgk onifo kjo`jn v`cnk snrvànsk onifo strnfg`ji snrvànsefan rnbnrnja`f fo

aftokik c`spkj`mon cn pnoauofs y snr`ns cn ofs poftfbkrgfs cn vcnk mfdk cngfjcf. Càef

kbnrtf sn sustnjtf nj gkcnoks mfsfcks nj of pumoà`cfc akgk oks cn PkuSumn k cn

susar`pa`kjns k pfik pkr akjtnj`cks akgk ofs stfrtups (ngprnsfs ngnrinjtns fpkyfcfs nj oftnajkokif) qun cfj faansk f ujf o`mrnrf cn pnoauofs k snr`ns pfrf oks qun sn efj fcqu`r`ck


13/60


-61-


prnv`fgnjtn cnrnaeks.

Oks faunrcks akj ofs pr`ja`pfons prkcuatkrfs a`jngftkirbàfs cno gujck, akjka`cfs akgk

gfdkrs, skj bujcfgnjtfons pfrf kbrnanr uj aftokik akj nstrnjks rna`njtns. Nstfs ngprnsfs

akjtrkofj tkcfs ofs bfsns cn arnfa`j cn ujf pnoauof, cnscn of `cnf efstf of nxe`mà`j nj oks

a`jns, ok qun ef nstfmona`ck uj gkcnok trfcà`kjfo cn nxpoktfa`j a`jngftkirbàf akjka`ck

akgk s`stngf cn vnjtfjfs, qun gfraf oks t`ngpks y grinjns jnansfr`ks pfrf njtnjcnr no

pkrqu ofs pnoauofs jk puncnj njakjtrfrsn nj ofs poftfbkrgfs efstf auftrk gnsns cnspuscn su nstrnjk nj sfofs cn a`jn.

Xnr`kck fjfo`zfck

Qn ef nstfmona`ck pfrf no fjo`s`s cn oks cftks no pnr`kck akgprnjc`ck njtrn oks fks =868 y

=861. Xkr tfjtk, jks rnbnr`gks f uj pnr`kck cn auftrk fks, fujqun nj kafs`kjns sn ef

akjs`cnrfck pnrt`jnjtn fgpo`fr no pnr`kck irfa`fs f of prnsnja`f cn cftks cn of snr`n e`stràf

qun sn rngkjtfj efstf no =889 nj foiujfs cn ofs bunjtns nstfcstàfs akjsuotfcfs.

Akj nstn t`ngpk sn puc`nrkj nstfmonanr cntnrg`jfcfs tnjcnja`fs qun pnrg`t`nrkj

`jtnrprntfr of s`tufa`j fatufo, fs akgk ujf pks`mon c`saus`j skmrn no buturk cno kmdntk

`jvnstìfck. Fo snr of p`rftnrf fuc`kv`sufo jàfgnjtn gnc`mon cn gfjnrf a`njtbàf f trfvs

cn njaunstfs cn gnrafck y s`j njtrfr f aunst`kjfr of vfo`cnz cn of gntkckokif ngponfcf

pfrf of nofmkrfa`j cn afcf ujf cn noofs, oks rnsuotfcks qun sn fpkrtfj efj snrv`ck pfrf

cntnrg`jfr foiujfs tnjcnja`fs kmsnrvfmons. Fs`g`sgk, nj aufjtk fo akjsugk onifo cn of

kbnrtf cn a`jn pkr @jtnrjnt sn efj tnj`ck nj aunjtf ofs njaunstfs rnfo`zfcfs f tfo b`j, fs

akgk oks cftks qun efj pkc`ck rnafmfrsn cno jgnrk cn vcnks v`stks f trfvs cn

poftfbkrgfs RkC, s`ngprn y aufjck ofs ngprnsfs cno snatkr akj ofs qun sn akjtfat

bfaò`tfrkj càef `jbkrgfa`j akgnra`fo. Xkr tkck ok nxpunstk jk sn prntnjcn nstfmonanr ujf

rnofa`j afusfo, s`jk trftfr cn cfr ujf nxpoàfa`j iokmfo qun nstfmonzaf of akrrnofa`j njtrn

oks bnjgnjks.


14/60


-63-


6.3.=. ]nofa`j njtrn uj`cfcns cn `jvnstìfa`j

Xfrf nook sn efj nstfmona`ck ujks kmdnt`vks nspnabàks qun akjst`tuynj ofs uj`cfcns cn

`jvnstìfa`j auyfs rnofa`kjns cn gunstrfj nj no sìu`njtn aufcrk.

KMDNS@RKQ SAJ@AFQ CN ]NAKI@CF CN@JBK]GFA@J

Q@QSNGFQ CNFJO@Q@Q

6. Nstuc`fr of rnofa`jnjtrn oks j`vnons cnp`rftnrf qun prnsnjtf nognrafck nspfko nj nonjtkrjk cno akjsugk wnmcn gftnr`fo fuc`kv`sufo yoks cn akjsugk onifokbnrtfck pkr ngprnsfs cn

vcnk mfdk cngfjcf.

Msquncf nj of mfsn cn cftks cno GNAC,QIFN, Akfoà`j cn Arnfckrns, Nurkstft,MK]GN y G`j`stnr`k cno @jtnr`kr pfrfcnsafrif nj bkrgftk XCB y/k xos skmrn4- Cftks skmrn frae`vks fuc`kv`sufonscnsafrifcks òa`tfgnjtn.- Cftks skmrn pkmofa`j qun rnfo`zf cnsafrifsòa`tfs.- Cftks skmrn usufr`ks qun pfifj pkr vnrpnoauofs/snr`ns kjo`jn.-Cftks skmrn vcnk strnfgnc cn ofs ngprnsfs

RkC.- Cftks cn mfofjans b`jfja`nrks cn ofs ngprnsfs

RkC.

- Faktfa`jtngpkrfo.- Nxano- Sfmofs c`jgàfs

=. Akjkanr s` nx`stnj

akgpkrtfg`njtksnspnabàks nj no p`rftnk cnvcnks nj @jtnrjnt njbuja`j cno pnrbòska`kcngkirbàk.

Msquncf nj of mfsn cn cftks cno GNAC y

cnsafrif y sarfp`ji cn XCB skmrn4- ^sufr`ks qun rnfo`zfrkj cnsafrifs irftu`tfs cnvcnk pkr @jtnrjnt snij ofs vfr`fmons snxk,ncfc, j`vno cn nstuc`ks, s`tufa`j ofmkrfo ytfgfk cno gujà`p`k.

1. ]nbondfr akj tajàfs cnv`sufo`zfa`j cn cftks cnqu gfjnrf ìufognjtnakjsugnj akjtnj`cksfuc`kv`sufons oks nspfkonsy s` bkgnjtf uj njtkrjk

fcnaufck pfrf cnsfrrkoofruj jnika`k cn v`cnk kjcngfjcnj @jtnrjnt.

Sfgm`j sn fjfo`zfrj oks sìu`njtns cftks4- Cftks skmrn cno`tks akjtrf of prkp`ncfc`jtnonatufo. (Bunjtn4 G`j`stnr`k cno @jtnr`kr).- Cftks rnoft`vks f gkt`vks, prkirfgfs, t`pk cn

vcnk, skpkrtn utò`zfck pfrf of cnsafrif.(Bunjtn4 GNAC).

- Cftks skmrn pr`ja`pfons fspnatks cn pfikpfrf oks usufr`ks cn akjtnj`ck kjo`jn. (Bunjtn4Faanjturn).- Cftks skmrn cnsafrifs ònifons cn of snr`n'Ekusn kb Afrcs'. (Bunjtn4 Nxa`p`k).- Cftks skmrn usufr`ks c`spunstks f pfifr yt`pk cn auktf pkr RkC. (Bunjtn4 @aofvns).- Cftks cno @jbkrgn cno Snonv`cnjtn =.8 (=863)cn Sen Akaltfò Fjfoys`s.- Cftks cn pftrkjns cn akjsugk cn vcnk njNspff (bnmrnrk =861) cn SJQ.

Enrrfg`njtfs cnv`sufo`zfa`j4- Ikkion Bus`kj

Sfmons- @jbkir.fg- Ykrcon

Aufcrk 6.64 ]nofa`j njtrn uj`cfcns cn `jvnstìfa`j. Bunjtn4 Nofmkrfa`j prkp`f


15/60


-6>-


6.3.1. Xrkanc`g`njtk

Srfs of faktfa`j cn oks tngfs f trftfr y no pnr`kck f fjfo`zfr sn prkanc` f of msquncf cn

oks cftks. Ofs pr`ja`pfons bunjtns cn `jbkrgfa`j utò`zfcfs pfrf of prnsnjtn `jvnstìfa`j

prkv`njnj cno G`j`stnr`k cn Ncuafa`j, Auoturf y Cnpkrtns (GNAC), of Qka`ncfc Injnrfo

cn Futkrns y Nc`tkrns (QIFN) y of Akfoà`j cn Arnfckrns. Of `jbkrgfa`j nstfcstàf

kmtnj`cf sn ef cnsafrifck nj bkrgftk XCB y irfa`fs f Sfmuof, ujf enrrfg`njtf o`mrn cn

nxtrfaa`j cn cftks, sn puck akjvnrt`r nj uj bàenrk cnNxano, uj bkrgftk qun pks`mò`tf no

trftfg`njtk fcnaufck pfrf no prkansfg`njtk cn oks cftks.

Qn prkanc` f cnsafrifr ofs tfmofs qun efafj rnbnrnja`f f oks cftks qun sn prna`sfmfj pfrf of

`jvnstìfa`j cno pnr`kck fjfo`zfck. Nj ujf sniujcf bfsn sn prkanc` f rnfirupfr nj uj

jàk ckaugnjtk cnNxanono akjdujtk cn cftks qun jks `jtnrnsfmfj pfrf pkcnr prkansfroks

cn gfjnrf akjdujtf. Cn nstn gkck afmn of pks`mò`cfc cn arnfr tfmofs c`jgàfs qun

pnrg`tfj c`bnrnjtns v`s`kjns cn oks cftks, fs akgk pkcnr akrrnofa`kjfroks.

Of `jbkrgfa`j qun kbrnanj ofs mfsns cn cftks kmtnj`cfs t`njnj qun vnr akj4

- Nstfcstàf cn Em`tks y Xratàfs Auoturfons nj Nspff cno G`j`stnr`k cn Ncuafa`j,

Auoturf y Cnpkrtn (GNAC)4

Xnrskjfs qun efj kmtnj`ck vcnks nj uj tr`gnstrn pkr vfs c`st`jtfs f of akgprf

snij cjcn k cn qu bkrgf oks fcqu`r`nrkj.

Xnrskjfs qun rnfo`zfrkj cnsafrifs irftu`tfs cn @jtnrjnt cn vcnk nj uj tr`gnstrn

pkr snxk, ncfc, j`vno cn nstuc`ks, s`tufa`j ofmkrfo y tfgfk cno gujà`p`k.

- Nstfcstàf cn vcnk, @jtnrjnt y junvks em`tks cn ka`k cn of Qka`ncfc Injnrfo cn Futkrns

y Nc`tkrns (QIFN)4

Fat`v`cfcns rnfo`zfcfs nj of jfvnifa`j pkr @jtnrjnt nj oks ot`gks 18 cfs rnoft`vfs

f of v`sufo`zfa`j kjo`jn cn vcnks cn faansk irftu`tk, pnoauofs/snr`ns (cnsafrif y

s`j cnsafrif).

Xfik pkr rnfo`zfr fat`v`cfcns nj @jtnrjnt rnoft`vfs f of v`sufo`zfa`j cn

pnoauofs/snr`ns (cnsafrif y s`j cnsafrif).


16/60


-62-


Sktfo cn of pkmofa`j cn 63-98 fks qun cnsafrif fuc`kv`sufo cn @jtnrjnt (ot`gks

1 gnsns).

Sktfo cn frae`vks fuc`kv`sufons cnsafrifcks fo fk.

- Nstfcstàf cn p`rftnrf fuc`kv`sufo cn of Akfoà`j cn Arnfckrns4

Faansk ònifo cì`tfo f pnoauofs nj uj`cfcns cn akjtnj`ck.

Faansk ònifo cì`tfo f pnoauofs pkr pfrtn cn usufr`ks.

- Nstfcstàf skmrn v`sufo`zfa`j cn pnoauofs/snr`ns4

Xoftfbkrgfs cn faansk f vcnk pkr @jtnrjnt.

Cnsafrifs/strnfg`ji.

Ktrfs bunjtns cn cftks ngponfcfs pfrf of `jvnstìfa`j bunrkj4

- G`j`stnr`k cno @jtnr`kr. Bunjtn cn cftks skmrn cno`tks akgnt`cks akj ofs junvfs

tnajkokifs akjtrf of prkp`ncfc jcustr`fo/`jtnonatufo.

- Faanjturn. Qn efj ngponfck cftks cn nstf akjsuotkrf pfrf akjstftfr oks pr`ja`pfons

fspnatks cn pfik cn oks usufr`ks cn akjtnj`ck kjo`jn.

- Nxa`p`k. Qn trftf cn ujf b`rgf cn sniu`g`njtk fjt`p`rftnrf f trfvs cn of aufo snfj

kmtnj`ck cftks skmrn cnsafrifs ònifons cn of snr`n Ekusn kb Afrcs.

- @aofvns. Qn kmtuv`nrkj cftks skmrn usufr`ks c`spunstks f utò`zfr snrvà`ks cn vcnk

kj cngfjc.

- Sen Akaltfò Fjfoys`s. Qn kmtuv`nrkj cftks cno @jbkrgn cno Snonv`cnjtn =.8 (=863).

- SJQ. Qn kmtuv`nrkj cftks cn pftrkjns cn akjsugk cn vcnk nj Nspff (bnmrnrk

=861).

- Mkontj Kbà`fo cno ]ni`strk Gnrafjtò (MK]GN). Bunjtn qun sn ngpon pfrf

akjkanr cftks rnoft`vks fo mfofjan b`jfja`nrk cn ofs ngprnsfs RkC.

- Nurkstft. Cftks rnoft`vks f `jc`v`cuks cn of ^j`j Nurkpnf qun pfifj pkr

akjtnj`cks fuc`kv`sufons nj ojnf.

Srfs of kmtnja`j cn oks cftks snfofcks pfrf no pnr`kck cn `jvnstìfa`j faktfck snprkanc` f oonvfr f afmk ujf o`gp`nzf cn cftks, ok qun pnrg`t` snonaa`kjfr jàfgnjtn


17/60


-69-


oks cftks qun sn prna`sfmfj y cn nstf gfjnrf pkcnr krcnjfroks pfrf rnfo`zfr ofs kpnrfa`kjns

nstfcstàfs rnqunr`cfs.

Qn qu`nrn cndfr akjstfja`f cn oks akjtfatks rnfo`zfcks akj ofs ngprnsfs qun kpnrfj nj

Nspff, auyf fat`v`cfc nakjgàf sn mfsf nj of c`str`mua`j onifo cn a`jn pkr @jtnrjnt, pfrf

rnafmfr cftks rnoft`vks fo akjsugk cn vcnk nj strnfg`jicn sus c`bnrnjtns poftfbkrgfs. Jk

sn puck c`spkjnr cn cftks akjarntks nj of gfykrf cn oks afsks, yf qun skj cftks `jtnrjks

qun nj Nspff ofs akgpffs jk sunonj akgpfrt`r fonifjck gkt`vks cn akjb`cnja`fo`cfc, okqun v`njn f cngkstrfr of kpfa`cfc fj nx`stnjtn nj junstrfs ngprnsfs.

Xkr ktrf pfrtn, sn akjtfat akj no G`j`stnr`k cn Ncuafa`j, Auoturf y Cnpkrtn pfrf kmtnjnr

`jbkrgfa`j nstfcstàf rnoft`vf f of p`rftnrf fuc`kv`sufo nj @jtnrjnt qun puc`nrf gfjndfr of

Akg`s`j cn Xrkp`ncfc @jtnonatufo (AX@). Fujqun nj nstn afsk s` eum`nrf s`ck fpoàfmon no

cnrnaek cn faansk f of `jbkrgfa`j pmoàf, y pkr tfjtk sn eum`nrf pkc`ck rnfo`zfr ujf

skoà`tuc bkrgfo cn faansk f càef `jbkrgfa`j nj oks trg`jks qun cnsar`mn of Ony, jk sn

kpt pkr nstf vf cfcf of jnift`vf f akjtnstfr pkr pfrtn cno G`j`stnr`k rnoft`vk f oks cftks

nstfcstàks cn nsf jfturfonzf.

6.3.3. Sajàfs

Ofs tajàfs ngponfcfs sn mfsfj nj no gfjndk cn prkirfgfs `jbkrgtàks cn prkansfg`njtk

cn cftks.

Nj nstn afsk, sn ef usfck of ekdf cn aoauok Nxanopfrf o`gp`fr y firupfr nj tfmofs oks

cftks kmtnj`cks cn of Njaunstf cn Em`tks y Xratàfs Auoturfons nj Nspff cno GNAC, fs

akgk cn ofs cngs bunjtns cn cftks ngponfcfs pfrf of `jvnstìfa`j. Nstk ef pnrg`t`ck

arnfr irbàks, nstfmonanr rnofa`kjns sìj`bàft`vfs y rnfo`zfr c`bnrnjtns fjo`s`s cn oks cftks.

Ofs kpnrfa`kjns rnfo`zfcfs skj ofs qun nj afcf afsk sn akjs`cnrfrkj kpkrtujfs. Nj nstf

bfsn, akgk nxpoà Cfj`non Irfssk nj ofs @@ Dkrjfcfs cn Xnr`kc`sgk cn Cftks anonmrfcfs nj

Gfcr`c nj =863, sn trftf cn njtnjcnr oks cftks y cn njakjtrfr ujf e`stkr`f, y pfrf nook no

fjo`s`s nstfcstàk ns ujf pfrtn aofvn.(Irfssk, =863).


18/60


-65-


Xfrf nstfmonanr akrrnofa`kjns sìj`bàft`vfs njtrn oks c`bnrnjtns cftks kmtnj`cks sn prkanc`

f akgpfrfr of nvkoua`j f trfvs cn oks fks cn fjo`s`s y tfgm`j f akgpfrft`vfs pkr fk

nspnabàk pfrf akjstftfr cntnrg`jfcf tnjcnja`f. ^j prkirfgf akgk Nxano pnrg`tn

got`pons buja`kjns, akgk ofs tfmofs c`jgàfs, akj ofs qun sn puncn akgm`jfr akjdujtks

cn cftks y nstfmonanr bòtrks skmrn cntnrg`jfcfs vfr`fmons pfrf efoofr rnsuotfcks qun f s`gpon

v`stf puncnj pfsfr cnsfpnra`m`cks.

^jf vnz fjfo`zfcks oks cftks sn prnsnjtfj nj bkrgf cn v`sufo`zfa`kjns pfrf bfaò`tfr of`jtnrprntfa`j cn oks g`sgks. Akgk càn Gfr`k Sfsaj, nx dnbn cn `jbkirfbf cn No Gujck,

nj su aunjtf cn Sw`ttnr4

Bìurf 6.64 Afpturf cn pfjtfoof cn uj twnnt cn Gfr`k Sfsaj. Bunjtn4 Nofmkrfa`j prkp`f

^jk cn oks bfatkrns qun nxpoàf of `gpofjtfa`j cn ujf v`sufo`zfa`j fjfotàf pfrtn cn ujf

akjsko`cfa`j cn oks vfokrns cno pnr`kc`sgk cn prna`s`j k cn cftks, rnsuotfck cn of

`jbkrgfa`j rnafmfcf f pfrt`r cn of kmtnja`j, trftfg`njtk y prnsnjtfa`j cn cftks

aufjt`tft`vks.

No`k Ontur`f a`tf f Jìno Ekogns nj nstks trg`jks, ofs nstfcstàfs jk skj fmurr`cfs s`jk

`jt`g`cfjtns \W. No `jbirfbk t`njn akgk g`s`j bfaò`tfr nsf akgprnjs`j gnc`fjtn

gntbkrfs òustrfcfs qun ftrfìfj fo onatkr y on efifj pnrcnr g`nck f ofs a`brfs. (Ontur`f,

6005465-60).

Of v`sufo`zfa`j cn cftks jk ns ujf tajàf cngfs`fck vo`cf pfrf rnbondfr kp`j`kjns k

`jtnrprntfa`kjns pnrskjfons, pkr ok qun sn nrìn akgk ujf tajàf prna`sf y aofrf qun


19/60


-60-


`jarngnjtf no akjka`g`njtk cn of gftnr`f `jvnstìfcf akj cftks.

Akgk fb`rgfj Mnoof Eurrnoo y Fjcrnw On`gckrbnr cn of MMA nj no Gfjufo cn Xnr`kc`sgk cn

Cftks, ofs v`sufo`zfa`kjns ftrfat`vfs cn oks cftks fprkp`fcks puncnj snr usfcfs pfrf okirfr

ujf gndkr akgprnjs`j cn ujf aunst`j k e`stkr`f. (Eurrno y On`gckrbnr, =86=). Q` jk sn

eà`nrf akj tfo b`j sn prkcua`rf uj nbnatk fcvnrsk, yf qun snij snfof Frkj Xòekbnr cno

Jnw Pkrl S`gns, ujf gfof v`sufo`zfa`j cn cftks ns pnkr nj guaeks snjt`cks qun j`jiujf

v`sufo`zfa`j. (Xòekbnr, =86=).

Srfs nxpokrfr c`bnrnjtns enrrfg`njtfs wnm akgk Sfmonfu Xumoà, Gfjy Nyns, Cftf Yrfppnr,

Xoktoy, Xàltkaefrt, AfrtkCM k Ikkion Aefrts, njtrn ktrfs, ofs v`sufo`zfa`kjns cno rnpkrtfdn

pnr`kcstàk pfrf of wnm sn efj nofmkrfck akj fpoàfa`kjns qun fatufognjtn kbrnanj

skoua`kjns pt`gfs pfrf v`sufo`zfr oks cftks kmdntk cn nstuc`k, akgk skj @jbkir.fg, Ykrcon y

Ikkion Bus`kj Sfmons.

Q`j ngmfrik, pfrf no munj usk cn afcf prkirfgf, skj prna`sks cntnrg`jfcks akjka`g`njtks

msàks, qun efj s`ck fcqu`r`cks f trfvs cn tutkr`fons nj of wnm. Jk kmstfjtn, ofs

pks`mò`cfcns qun kbrnan skj guaek gfykrns qun ofs okirfcfs pfrf of nofmkrfa`j cno

prnsnjtn trfmfdk, fujqun oks rnsuotfcks kmtnj`cks sft`sbfanj oks kmdnt`vks pnrsniu`cks.

No prnsnjtn trfmfdk t`njn f su vnz su cnsfrrkook nj uj rnpkrtfdn pnr`kcstàk wnm y fo qun sn

puncn faancnr nj no sìu`njtn njofan4

ettp4//cftfcr vnjdkurjfo`sg.ns/a`jn-onifo-y-p`rftnr f-kjo`jn/
http://datadrivenjournalism.es/cine-legal-y-pirateria-online/http://datadrivenjournalism.es/cine-legal-y-pirateria-online/http://datadrivenjournalism.es/cine-legal-y-pirateria-online/


20/60


-=8-


=.

CNQF]]KOOK=.6.

Nstfck cn of aunst`j

=.6.6. Xnr`kc`sgk cn cftks

Afcf vnz efy gs `jà`ft`vfs qun pnrg`tnj, jk skok f oks pnr`kc`stfs, s`jk f aufoqu`nr

aùcfcfjk `jtnrnsfck, akjkanr ofs pks`mò`cfcns qun kbrnan no pnr`kc`sgk cn cftks, pnrk

tfgm`j efy qun snfofr qun nstf c`sa`po`jf nst akgnjzfjck f akjkanrsn nj Nspff f

pnsfr cn qun nstf bkrgf cn efanr pnr`kc`sgk jk ns junvf. Oks krinjns cno pnr`kc`sgk cn

cftks sn puncnj njakjtrfr nj no cnjkg`jfck pnr`kc`sgk cn prna`s`j. Qu arnfckr bun

Xeò`ps Gnynr y sn trftf cn uj pnr`kc`sgk a`njtbàk auyk kmdnt`vk ns `jtnrprntfr y

akjbrkjtfr oks cftks utò`zfjck gtkcks prnstfcks cn ofs a`nja`fs ska`fons, akgk of

ska`kokif y of nstfcstàf, pfrf efanr e`jafp` nj of rnfo`cfc cn of `jbkrgfa`j akj cftks

ngpràks y akgprkmfcks nj uj frae`vk.

Akgk fb`rgfj Dks Ou`s Cfcnr y Xncrk Ignz4

Of fpkrtfa`j gs nspnatfauofr cno pnr`kc`sgk cn prna`s`j ef akjs`st`ck s`j cucf nj of

pks`mò`cfc cn aruzfr c`bnrnjtns o`stfcks cn `jbkrgfa`j pfrf cntnatfr fska`fa`kjns njtrn

pnrskjfs, `jst`tua`kjns, afriks, a`raujstfja`fs, nta., qun fpfrnanj f`sofcfs nj afcf

ckaugnjtk pnrk qun t`njnj ujf prnsnja`f rn`tnrfcf jk cntnatfcf efstf nsn gkgnjtk.

Xuncn fb`rgfrsn, nj nsn snjt`ck, qun of jktà`f mkgmf cunrgn nj oks frae`vks guy f

gnjuck. (Cfcnr y Ignz, 60014685).

No pnr`kc`sgk cn prna`s`j, gs qun ujf tajàf k bkrgf cn trfmfdk pnr`kcstàf, sn trftf cn

uj ijnrk. ^jf gkcfo`cfc cno rnpkrtfdn nj prkbujc`cfc y ckjcn no pnr`kc`stf cnsakjbfcn ofs bunjtns krc`jfr`fs y prkancn f `jvnstìfr pkr su aunjtf. (Gfrtjnz Fomnrtks,

=88941=8-1=6). Xkr nsk, no pnr`kc`sgk cn cftks ns tfgm`j ujf c`sa`po`jf rnofa`kjfcf akj no

pnr`kc`sgk cn jvnstìfa`j.

Ofs pr`gnrfs nxpnr`nja`fs cno pnr`kc`sgk cn cftks sn rngkjtfrfj f 65=6, ckjcn Sen

Iufrc`fj pumoàfmf ujf tfmof qun gkstrfmf oks akoni`ks nj Gfjaenstnr pkr jgnrk cn

fougjks y ifstk fjufo cn afcf ujk cn nooks (Aefpfrrk, =861468). Nstf `jbkrgfa`j sn

fprkx`gf nj a`nrtk gkck fo pnr`kc`sgk cn cftks fatufo, akj of sfovncfc cn qun jk nx`stfjj` ofs fatufons tajàfs cì`tfons cn v`sufo`zfa`j, j` @jtnrjnt y pkr tfjtk of prnjsf cì`tfo,


21/60


-=6-


pnrk tfgpkak uj j`vno cn trfjspfrnja`f qun pnrg`t`nrf no trfmfdk cn uj pnr`kc`stf cn

`jvnstìfa`j.

Bìurf =.64 ]nakrtn cno pr`gnr ndngpok cn pnr`kc`sgk cn cftks nj Sen Iufrc`fj. Bunjtn4 Gfjufo cn Xnr`kc`sgk cn Cftks

Oks gnc`ks cn akgujàfa`j nspfkons, nj su fatufo rnbkrguofa`j nj no njtkrjk cì`tfo,

nstj pumoàfjck akjtnj`cks pnr`kcstàks akj tajàfs cn pnr`kc`sgk cn cftks, ok qun

bfaò`tf no prkansk cn ngpkcnrfg`njtk aùcfcfjk y pks`mò`tf qun oks aùcfcfjks puncfjduzifr gndkr y akj gs ar`tnr`k of afpfa`cfc cn sus ocnrns y cna`c`r nj akjsnaunja`f.

No cnrnaek cn faansk cn ofs fuc`nja`fs f oks gnc`ks y no fvfjan nj no kmdnt`vk cn

trfjspfrnja`f skj cks cn oks fspnatks qun sn fcv`nrtnj nj no pnr`kc`sgk cì`tfo. (Jksty,

=86146>=).

Xkr tfjtk, ns `gpkrtfjtn akjtnxtufo`zfr no fatufo gfrak onifo cn trfjspfrnja`f y faansk f of

`jbkrgfa`j nj Nspff, yf qun nstn t`pk cn onyns qun pnrg`tnj no faansk f of `jbkrgfa`j

skj bujcfgnjtfons pfrf of pratàf cno pnr`kc`sgk cn cftks y bfaò`tfj no trfmfdk cnopnr`kc`stf cn `jvnstìfa`j. No 68 cn cà`ngmrn cn =863 njtr nj vìkr of pr`gnrf bfsn cn ofs

kmoìfa`kjns cn trfjspfrnja`f y faansk f of `jbkrgfa`j pfrf tkcks oks krifj`sgks nstftfons

cn of Ony cn Srfjspfrnja`f nspfkof. ^jf jkrgf onifo qun snij of krifj`zfa`j Iokmfo

]ìet tk @jbkrgft`kj ]ft`ji Gfpkaupf no punstk 20 cn 686 pfsns f j`vno gujc`fo.

Akgk of gftnr`f pr`gf pr`ja`pfo cno pnr`kc`sgk cn cftks skj oks cftks cn bunjtns pmoàfs,

nstk ef gkt`vfck qun sn efyfj cnsfrrkoofck `jà`ft`vfs rnofa`kjfcfs akj no kpnj cftf qun


22/60


-==-


prntnjcn ujf a`rauofa`j o`mrn cn oks cftks y no kpnj ikvnrjgnjt, qun ns of fpoàfa`j cno kpnj

cftf f ofs fcg`j`strfa`kjns pmoàfs.

Afcf vnz efy gs `jà`ft`vfs cn cftks pmoàks fm`nrtks. Akjsuotfjck of wnm cn of

Bujcfa`j AS@A (Anjtrk Snajkoiàk cn of @jbkrgfa`j y cn of Akgujàfa`j) pkcngks

vnr uj gfpf akj ofs fatufons `jà`ft`vfs cn Kpnj Cftf nj Nspff. Fs`g`sgk, cnpnjc`njtn

cno Ikm`nrjk cn Nspff nx`stn no pkrtfo Cftks.ikm.ns, ujf `jà`ft`vf cn afratnr jfa`kjfo

qun krifj`zf y inst`kjf no Aftokik cn @jbkrgfa`j Xmoàf cno snatkr pmoàk.

Nj of fatufo`cfc, no j`vno cn cnsfrrkook cì`tfo y cn @jtnrjnt bfaò`tf qun ofs prnsnjtfa`kjns

irbàfs cn ofs pumoàfa`kjns pnr`kcstàfs snfj gs v`sufons, aofrfs, c`rnatfs y baòns cn

njtnjcnr. Xkr tfjtk, ofs junvfs tnajkokifs efj akjstru`ck uj junvk naks`stngf qun ef

bfvkrna`ck no cnsfrrkook cn junvfs tajàfs cn v`sufo`zfa`j cn oks cftks y pkr tfjtk

`gpuosfr of c`sa`po`jf cno pnr`kc`sgk cn cftks nj of wnm. Qnij no pnr`kc`stf Fomnrtk Af`rk,

tkcf `jbkirfbf y tkcf v`sufo`zfa`j nxpkjnj y fyucfj nj of rnbonx`j skmrn ok prnsnjtfck

(Af`rk, =86646>). Cn jfcf vfon no g`jua`ksk trfmfdk cn msquncf, nxtrfaa`j y

prkansfg`njtk cn oks cftks s` jk skj afpfans cn rnfo`zfr ujf `jtnoì`mon v`sufo`zfa`j cn oksg`sgks. No pnr`kc`sgk cn cftks ns uj trfmfdk guot`c`sa`po`jfr y jnans`tf cn vfr`ks

prkbns`kjfons `gpoàfcks nj of tfrnf. Cnscn ckaugnjtfo`stfs, nstfcstàks, `jbirfbks,

c`snfckrns irbàks, pnr`kc`stfs y prkirfgfckrns `jbkrgtàks. Efy qun faancnr f

cnanjfs, aufjck jk f a`njtks k f gòns cn pofjtòofs, tnxtks, irbàks. Efy qun rnaurr`r, nj

kafs`kjns, f prkirfgfckrns pfrf qun c`snnj fpoàfa`kjns afpfans cn afpturfr cftks

akjtnj`cks nj pi`jfs wnms. (Arua`fjnoo`, =86146=3).

Of aùcfcfjf cngfjcf `jbkrgfa`j gs akgprnjs`mon pfrf fatufr cn gfjnrf fcnaufcf njof v`cf pmoàf. P nj nstn fspnatk oks gnc`ks cn akgujàfa`j, akgk `jtnrgnc`fr`ks njtrn

no aùcfcfjk y of rnfo`cfc, t`njnj of rnspkjsfmò`cfc cn vnr`bàfr of `jbkrgfa`j, akjtrfstfrof

y nxpoàfrof cn bkrgf ftrfat`vf. Akj ofs tajàfs cno pnr`kc`sgk cn cftks sn puncnj prkansfr

cftks tfjtk cn bunjtns pmoàfs akgk pr`vfcfs cn `jbkrgfa`j, y irfa`fs f ofs fatufons

enrrfg`njtfs cì`tfons oonifr f prnsnjtfr cn gfjnrf gs akgprnjs`mon, nj bkrgf cn irbàks,

gfpfs y v`sufo`zfa`kjns `jtnrfat`vfs, tkcf of `jbkrgfa`j kmtnj`cf.

Sen Iokmfo Nc`tkrs Jntwkrl ktkrif fjufognjtn oks prng`ks f oks gndkrns trfmfdks cnpnr`kc`sgk cn cftks f j`vno `jtnrjfa`kjfo. No sìu`njtn ndngpok qun sn gunstrf f


23/60


-=1-


akjt`jufa`j ifj no prng`k nj =861 y akrrnspkjcn f ujf v`sufo`zfa`j cn Sen Iufrc`fj

skmrn oks cnrnaeks cn oks ekgksnxufons cnsioksfcks pkr nstfcks nj Nstfcks ^j`cks.

Bìurf =.=4 Afpturf cn pfjtfoof cn v`sufo`zfa`j nofmkrfcf pkr Sen Iufrc`fj skmrn oks cnrnaeks cn oks ekgksnxufons njNN.^^. Bunjtn4 Sen Iufrc`fj

Nj Nspff, bujcfa`kjns akgk A@R@K efj cnsfrrkoofck prkynatks cn pnr`kc`sgk cn cftks

akgkNspff nj oofgfs,Cjcn vfj g`s `gpunstks;,No `jcuotgntrk,No MKN junstrk cn afcf cfy

rna`njtngnjtnVu`j gfjcf;. Sfgm`j nx`stnj aursks, tfoonrns, dkrjfcfs n `jaousk bkrgfa`j

uj`vnrs`tfr`f nj foiujfs fsìjfturfs cn irfck y nj bkrgf cn gstnr skmrn nstf c`sa`po`jf.

Irfa`fs f g` mnaf cn `jvnstìfa`j akj no prkynatk Kpnj Cftf A`t`znjen tnj`ck faansk f

anraf cn 118 wnms cn prkcuatks `jbkrgft`vks cì`tfons rnofa`kjfcks akj no pnr`kc`sgk cn

cftks, tajàfs cn v`sufo`zfa`j, kpnj cftfy kpnj ikvnrjgnjt, ok qun gn ef pnrg`t`ck akjkanr

ktrks prkynatks jfa`kjfons n `jtnrjfa`kjfons, qun puncnj akjsuotfrsn nj no sìu`njtn njofan.

ettp4//kpnjcftfa`t`znj.akg/

Sfgm`j, brutk cn g` `jtnrs pkr nstf c`sa`po`jf, sn kbrnan f akjt`jufa`j no njofan f ujf

o`stf pmoàf cn Sw`ttnr akjbnaa`kjfcf pfrf of kafs`j, of aufo akjt`njn ujf rnofa`j cn oks

usufr`ks gs rnonvfjtns cnjtrk y bunrf cn junstrk pfs, v`jauofcks fo pnr`kc`sgk cn cftks,

tajàfs cn v`sufo`zfa`j, kpnj cftfy kpnj ikvnrjgnjt.

ettps4//tw`ttnr.akg/rfuobfmnok/o`sts/cftf-cr`vnj-dkurjfo`sg
http://opendatacitizen.com/http://opendatacitizen.com/https://twitter.com/raulfabelo/lists/data-driven-journalismhttps://twitter.com/raulfabelo/lists/data-driven-journalismhttps://twitter.com/raulfabelo/lists/data-driven-journalismhttp://opendatacitizen.com/


24/60


-=3-


=.6.=. Xrkp`ncfc `jtnonatufo y p`rftnrf fuc`kv`sufo

]nspnatk fo gfrak rniuoftkr`k, of Ony cn Xrkp`ncfc @jtnonatufo (OX@) qun njtr nj vìkr no

pfsfck 6 cn njnrk cno =86> trftf cn nrrfcàfr ofs cnsafrifs ònifons cn junstrk tnrr`tkr`k. Of

jkrgf ef fgpo`fck ofs sfja`kjns fcg`j`strft`vfs fpoàfmons f qu`njns cnskmncnzafj ofs

rnskoua`kjns cn of snaa`j sniujcf cn of Akg`s`j cn of Xrkp`ncfc @jtnonatufo. Cn nstf

gfjnrf, ofs pi`jfs cn njofans qun `jaugpofj oks rnqunr`g`njtks cn rnt`rfcf cn akjtnj`cks

ònifons sn njbrnjtfrj f guotfs cn efstf 288.888 nurks. Njtrn oks susanpt`mons cn snr

sfja`kjfcks, no tnxtk nxaouyn nxpoa`tfgnjtn f oks musafckrns. Efy qun snfofr qun ofgnja`kjfcf ony ef s`ck rnaurr`cf pkr no XQKN fjtn no Sr`mujfo Akjst`tua`kjfo. Fcngs, no

G`j`stnr`k cn Auoturf ef rn`tnrfck nj vfr`fs kafs`kjns qun of OX@ ns skok ujf rnbkrgf

pfra`fo, punstk qun no Ikm`nrjk rnfo`zfr ujf gkc`bàfa`j cn gs fgpo`k afofck

curfjtn no trfjsaursk cno fk, trfs of fprkmfa`j cn ujf c`rnat`vf akguj`tfr`f skmrn

prkp`ncfc jtnonatufo.

Cnm`ck f oks rna`njtns afgm`ks nj no gfrak onifo nspfko, foiujfs pi`jfs cn njofans qunfokdfmfj pnoauofs y snr`ns cn gfjnrf òa`tf efj cna`c`ck anrrfr k sn efj v`stk kmoìfcfs pkr

snjtnja`f ducà`fo f efanrok. Qnij rnakin no c`fr`k No Xfs, Of Fuc`nja`f cn Afstnooj

rft`bà qun njofzfr akj wnms p`rftfs ns cno`tk. (No Xfs, =863). Xkrqun akgk snfof of

BFXFN, of p`rftnrf jk ns aunst`j cn irftu`cfc, s`jk cn c`spkj`mò`cfc.(BFXFN, =86>).

Nj no njtkrjk cì`tfo, of bfaò`cfc akj of qun oks akjtnj`cks v`fdfj pkr of rnc y of guot`tuc

cn bkrgfs nj ofs qun puncnj kbrnanrsn f oks usufr`ks, ef bfvkrna`ck of fpfrà`j cn

snrvà`ks qun, fprkvnaefjck ofs ofiujfs cn of oni`sofa`j y of fatufo tnajkokif, oks kbrnanj

cn gfjnrf irftu`tf y s`j futkr`zfa`j cn oks prkp`ntfr`ks, ouarjcksn pr`ja`pfognjtn f

trfvs cn oks `jirnsks pumoà`tfr`ks n `gp`c`njck of jkrgfo nxpoktfa`j cn càeks

akjtnj`cks fuc`kv`sufons nj snrvà`ks onit`gks.

Nj nstn akjtnxtk jfan no Xofj cn `gpuosk cn of nakjkgf cì`tfo y oks akjtnj`cks cì`tfons

cno Ikm`nrjk cn Nspff, nj auyf wnm sn puncn onnr qun nj su ndn @@ t`njn njtrn sus

kmdnt`vks of prktnaa`j cn of prkp`ncfc `jtnonatufo nj no njtkrjk cì`tfo pfrf nv`tfr of


25/60


-=>-


nxpoktfa`j jk futkr`zfcf cn akjtnj`cks fuc`kv`sufons, no faansk f oks g`sgks y su

utò`zfa`j akgk rnaofgk pfrf kbnrtfr snrvà`ks fdnjks.

Nj Nurkpf of s`tufa`j sìun of g`sgf tnjcnja`f, akj no nstfmona`g`njtk cn onyns

rniuofckrfs cn ofs cnsafrifs ònifons qun njbrnjtfj f arnfckrns y usufr`ks. Foiujks pfsns

cn junstrk njtkrjk efj fpoàfck onyns fjt` cnsafrif, akgk Brfja`f (Ony cn Arnfa`j n

@jtnrjnt), ]n`jk ^j`ck (Cì`tfo Nakjkgy Fat) y Quna`f (Njbkrangnjt C`rnat`vn) njtrn

ktrks.

Oks cnrnaeks cn prkp`ncfc `jtnonatufo, tfjtk oks cnjkg`jfcks cnrnaeks cn futkr akgk oks

cnrnaeks fb`jns, skj inst`kjfcks pkr njt`cfcns onifognjtn akjst`tu`cfs qun, snij no

frtauok 639 cn of OX@, sn cncàfj, nj jkgmrnprkp`k k fdnjk, f of inst`j cn cnrnaeks cn

nxpoktfa`j u ktrks cn afratnr pftr`gkj`fo, pkr aunjtf y nj `jtnrs cn vfr`ks futkrns u

ktrks t`tuofrns cn cnrnaeks cn prkp`ncfc `jtnonatufo.... Fs`g`sgk sn c`v`cnj nj trns

aftnikrfs. Xkr uj ofck, ofs njt`cfcns cn inst`j cn futkrns akgk CFGF (Cnrnaeks cn

Futkr cn Gnc`ks Fuc`kv`sufons)< njt`cfcns cn inst`j cn frt`stfs, `jtrprntns k ndnautfjtns

akgk F@QIN (Frt`stfs @jtrprntns Qka`ncfc cn Inst`j) y njt`cfcns cn inst`j cn

prkcuatkrns akgk NINCF (Njt`cfc cn Inst`j cn Xrkcuatkrns Fuc`kv`sufons).

Pkinse Mfdpf` y Xfruo Mfdpf` cnb`jnj of p`rftnrf akgk ten jfgn i`vnj tk ten òonifo

akpy`ji fjc snoo`ji kb CRCs fjc ACs. (Mfdpf` y Mfdpf`, =86649=). F nstf cnb`jà`j efmrf

qun ffc`r of p`rftnrf nj of rnc, prkpà`fcf pkr of nx`stnja`f cn pi`jfs wnms cn

`jtnrafgm`k cn frae`vks nj rncns X=X (rnc njtrn pfrns pkr sus sìofs nj `jios) qun

pnrg`tnj no `jtnrafgm`k njtrn krcnjfckrns `jtnrakjnatfcks cn akjtnj`cks sudntks f ofs

onyns cn akpyrìet, uj akjanptk qun oks g`sgks futkrns cnb`jnj akgk f onifo tnrg

cnsar`m`ji ten nakjkgà rìets i`vnj tk arnftkrs kb o`tnrfry fjc frt`stà wkrls, `jaouc`ji ten

rìet tk rnprkcuan ten wkrl, tk gfln akp`ns, fjc tk pnrbkrg kr c`spofy ten wkrl pumoàoy.

Fs`g`sgk sn nstfmonan uj pnr`kck onifo pfrf ndnra`tfr no cnrnaek, snij Sen Mnrjn

Akjvnjt`kj, ten 6552 `jtnrjft`kjfo firnngnjt ujcnr weàe sìjftkry stftns rnakij`zn nfae

ktenrs akpyrìetnc wkrls, gfjcftns teft ten pnr`kc kb akpyrìet prktnat`kj akvnr ten o`bnkb ten futekr pous >8 ynfrs.(Mfdpf` y Mfdpf`, =866493).


26/60


-=2-


Qnij of QIFN, no sjtkgf gs nv`cnjtn cn of p`rftnrf nj Nspff ns of `cnf cn of

irftu`cfc cn of auoturf qun sn ef `jstfofck nj junstrf rnfo`cfc. Ckjcn fjtns vnfgks f

`jgìrfjtns ifjjcksn uj c`jnrk irfa`fs fo tkp gfjtf, eky efy qun rnakjkanr of afpfa`cfc

cn cnsafrif gfs`vf cn oks krcnjfckrns pnrskjfons. Fujqun nx`stnj poftfbkrgfs qun

bfaò`tfj no akjsugk o`mrn y irftu`tk cn akjtnj`cks qun jk skj akjs`cnrfcks onifons, efy qun

snfofr qun cnscn no pujtk cn v`stf cno akgpkrtfg`njtk ska`fo skj akjs`cnrfcks akgk

onit`gks. Qnij Gfjuno Afstnoos, Bkrgf pfrtn yf of cnsafrif irftu`tf cn m`njns auoturfons,

qun t`njnj uj trfmfdk cntrs, cn nsn acìk auoturfo akgj qun pfrnan afrfatnr`zfr f ofauoturf nj rnc, nsf auoturf cn ok nbgnrk, s`j cnrnaeks y kmoìfa`kjns;(Afoondk, =863463=).

Xfrf of QIFN, of p`rftnrf supkjn uj og`tn fo buturk cn of `jcustr`f cno vcnk. Cn enaek,

akjs`cnrfj qun s` of junvf OX@ jk ftfaf akj aofr`cfc of p`rftnrf, jk vnrngks prkynatks

cì`tfons qun tnjifj ifrfjtfs cn x`tk. ^jk cn oks pr`ja`pfons prkmongfs qun prnsnjtf no

gnrafck nspfko, nj no njtkrjk cno akjsugk cn gftnr`fo fuc`kv`sufo, ns of p`rftnrf. Qnij

oks cftks cn of Akfoà`j cn Arnfckrns, nj =863 sn cnsafrifrkj nj Nspff 599 gòokjns cn

frae`vks ònifons cn pnoauofs f trfvs cn @jtnrjnt, ok qun supusk ujfs prc`cfs cn 2.610

gòokjns cn nurks nj no snatkr.

Qnij Sen Akaltfò Fjfoys`s, uj 22% cn oks `jtnrjfutfs utò`zfj pfrf cnsafrifr ònifognjtn

prkirfgfs cn `jtnrafgm`k cn frae`vks (tkrrnjts, nguon, X=X) y uj 23% ok efanj gnc`fjtn

wnms cn njofans cn cnsafrif c`rnatf akgk Gnif k ]fp`csefrn njtrn ktrks. (Sen Akaltfò

Fjfoys`s, =86>).

Qnij uj rna`njtn nstuc`k cno krifj`sgk @jtnrjnt Qka`nty, nx`stn ujf rnofa`j njtrn

akjtnj`ck c`spkj`mon y p`rftnrf. Cn tfo gkck ]fdjnse Q`jie fb`rgf rnspnatk f oks usufr`ks

cn @jtnrjnt4 Seny wfjt tk akjsugn akjtnjt wenj teny wfjtweàe `s usufooy fs skkj fs

`tsrnonfsnc(Q`jie, =863). Qnij Dufj Afroks Skus, c`rnatkr cn Bòg`j, cn fqu f ujks

fks ofs pnoauofs snrj ofjzfcfs f of jumn y no usufr`k ofs akjsug`r akgk gndkr on vnjif.

@r fo a`jn s` qu`nrn, k of vnr nj su gvò k nj su tfmontf s` on ns gs agkck, k nj ofs

tnonv`s`kjns akj w`b` qun nstj f pujtk cn sfotfr fo runck akjsug`stf. (Xmoàk, =863).


27/60


-=9-


Nstk njofzf akj no fatufo gkcnok cn c`str`mua`j a`jngftkirbàf pkr vnjtfjfs qun snr

fgpo`fck nj no pujtk trns cno nstfck cn of aunst`j rnoft`vk fo vcnk mfdk cngfjcf.

Xkr ktrk ofck, nx`stn uj irfj tngkr f ujf pks`mon anjsurf y akjtrko cn @jtnrjnt, yf qun of

ony jk vf skok akjtrf ofs pi`jfs wnm akj j`gk cn ouark s`jk tfgm`j akjtrf fquno qun

"efyf afusfck k snf susanpt`mon cn afusfr uj cfk pftr`gkj`fo" f oks t`tuofrns cn cnrnaeks

cn futkr. F nstn rnspnatk, efy qu`j cnb`njcn qun of cnsafrif vf gs foo cno sfqunk cno

cnrnaek cn prkp`ncfcns `jtnonatufons. Qnij Ofafsf y Ròofjunvf, nj of cnsafrif efmrf ujpkcnr afpfz cn nxtnjcnr no akjsugk cn auoturf f fgpo`fs afpfs cn of ska`ncfc, akj

`jcnpnjcnja`f cn sus tnrr`tkr`ks, cn injnrfr ujf cngkarft`zfa`j cn of auoturf. (Afoondk,

=863463=).

Nj oks pfsns kaa`cnjtfons of p`rftnrf cn gftnr`fo fuc`kv`sufo ns v`stf, brnaunjtngnjtn,

akgk ujf s`gpon enrrfg`njtf fo snrvà`k cno ka`k, pnrk aufjck jks fondfgks cn ofs

jfa`kjns gs cnsfrrkoofcfs, no faansk f càek gftnr`fo tkgf ujf junvf akjjktfa`j, yf qun

foo ckjcn of ncuafa`j pmoàf y ofs rncns cn c`str`mua`j auoturfo skj cnbà`njtns, of

p`rftnrf sn akjv`nrtn nj uj gnc`k `jnouc`mon pfrf rnuj`r y c`bujc`r no akjka`g`njtk.

Qnij no nstuc`k Sen @gpfat kb Qkbtwfrn X`rfay kj @jaous`vn Eugfj Cnvnokpgnjt4 Nv`cnjan brkg

Fbràf, `gpuosfck pkr no @jst`tutk Fbràfjk cn Ikmnrjfjzf y Cnsfrrkook, fqunooks pfsns

qun `gpongnjtfj onyns gs nstràtfs cn prktnaa`j cno akpyrìetpkjnj nj r`nsik no boudk cn

gftnr`fo auoturfo y ncuaft`vk. (Fskjiu y Fjcrs, =8634=6).

Ofwrnjan O`fji nj su rnsnf skmrn no o`mrk cn Fruo Inkrin Qafr`f , X`rfay `j ten @jc`fj Bòg

@jcustry4 Akpyrìet fjc Auoturfo Akjskjfjan rnbonx`kjf skmrn of p`rftnrf nj nstks trg`jks4 @b

p`rfay `s f onifo prkmong, `t `s kjn pr`gfròy bkr ten gnc`f `jcustry fjc ten`r ofwynrs, mut bkr

ten rnst kb us `t. F ok qun ffcn4 teft teft `t `s gkrn f prkmong kb prà`ji tefj f onifo

prkmong. (O`fji, =863418).


28/60


-=5-


Qnij no sìu`njtn nstuc`k rnfo`zfck nj Nspff pkr no G`j`stnr`k cn Ncuafa`j, Auoturf y

Cnpkrtn, no 99% cn ofs pnrskjfs njaunstfcfs gfj`bnst qun no fekrrk nakjgàk nrf of

pr`ja`pfo rfzj pkr of qun cnsafrifmfj irftu`tfgnjtn vcnks cn @jtnrjnt.

Irbàk =.64 Xnrskjfs qun efj cnsafrifck irftu`tfgnjtn vcnks cn @jtnrjnt nj uj tr`gnstrn (=868-=866) snij no gkt`vk cncàefs cnsafrifs. Bunjtn4 Nofmkrfa`j prkp`f f pfrt`r cn cftks cno GNAC

Qn njtrnv`st nx prkbnsk pfrf nstn trfmfdk f Gìuno Xrnz Qum`fs, prns`cnjtn cn of

Fska`fa`j cn ^sufr`ks cn @jtnrjnt cn Nspff, pfrf sfmnr s` akjanmfj @jtnrjnt akgk uj

gnc`k o`mrn ckjcn of p`rftnrf jk cnm`nrf pnrsniu`rsn onifognjtn. Qu rnspunstf sn trfjsar`mn

o`tnrfognjtn4

Cnscn junstrf krifj`zfa`j njtnjcngks qun akgpfrt`r akjtnj`cks njtrn pfrtàuofrns ns munjk

s`ngprn qun sn efif s`j j`gk cn ouark y qun càeks akjtnj`cks tnjifj uj krìnj onifo.

Nstfgks nj akjtrf cn tkcks fqunooks qun sn ouarfj cn oks akjtnj`cks cn ktrks s`j qun efyf uj

faunrck prnv`k njtrn oks fbnatfcks y pkr supunstk njtnjcngks qun of rnspkjsfmò`cfc nj nofaansk f uj akjtnj`ck t`njn qun nstfr nj no qun sumn f of rnc nstn akjtnj`ck y nj j`jij afsk

nj no njofan qun pnrg`tn oonifr f o. Arnngks qun no prkmongf cn of `jcustr`f cn oks akjtnj`cks

ns cn gkcnok cn jnika`k y jk cn p`rftnrf. Efj v`v`ck trfcà`kjfognjtn cn of vnjtf cn akp`fs

(c`saks, cvcs, o`mrks y pnr`càks) y of akp`f nj of rnc t`njn uj akstn qun t`njcn f anrk y fcngs

puncn rnpoàfrsn cn bkrgf `jb`j`tf s`j pnrcnr afo`cfc akj skok uj aoà y nstn ns no irfj rntk qun

t`njn qun supnrfr pfrf kbrnanr prkcuatks y snrvà`ks ftrfat`vks y qun injnrnj `jtnrs nj oks

aùcfcfjks qun jk skj p`rftfs s`jk onatkrns y nspnatfckrns cn sus akjtnj`cks.

6,>

2,9

65,1

30,9

98,9

99,3

Rnrok fjtns cn nbnatufr of akgprf

Jk njakjtrfrok nj uj nstfmona`g`njtk

Ekrfr`ks

]fp`cnz, jgnc`ftnz

Akgkc`cfc

Fekrrk nakjgàk

Gkt`vks pfrf cnsafrifr irftu`tfgnjtn vcnks cn @jtnrjnt (%)


29/60


-=0-


=.6.1. Rcnk mfdk cngfjcf

No cnsfrrkook tnajkoiàk v`jauofck f @jtnrjnt y oks c`spks`t`vks gvòns (tfmonts,

krcnjfckrns pkrttòns y sgfrtpekjns) fs akgk f ofs v`cnkakjskofs y sgfrt SR efj

prkvkafck junvks em`tks cn akjsugk fuc`kv`sufons. ^jf junvf cngfjcf qun ef

gkc`bàfck ofs vfs cn nxpoktfa`j a`jngftkirbàfs y ef bfaò`tfck no suri`g`njtk cn junvfs

`jà`ft`vfs ngprnsfr`fons, akgk oks junvks gkcnoks cn jnika`k nj of c`str`mua`j cn

akjtnj`cks fuc`kv`sufons.

Nx`stnj vfr`ks gkcnoks cn c`str`mua`j cn a`jn kjo`jn. Of @XSR pnrg`tn no faansk f afjfons

cn tnonv`s`j f trfvs cno prktkakok cn @jtnrjnt, ckjcn no kpnrfckr cn rnc rnspkjcn pkr oks

cnrnaeks, akjtrko y c`str`mua`j cno akjtnj`ck. Xkr ndngpok, Pkgv`, Krfjin SR k

Gkv`stfr SR. No sìu`njtn gkcnok snrf of Qgfrt SR, of tnonv`s`j `jtnoìnjtn akj

faans`mò`cfc f @jtnrjnt. Xkr ot`gk, nstfrf no faansk kjo`jn fo akjtnj`ck f trfvs cn

jfvnifckrns faans`mons cnscn aufoqu`nr c`spks`t`vk akj @jtnrjnt (Jfvfrrk, =861462). Nstf

tnajkokif sn akjkan akgk R`cnk Kvnr-Sen-Skp(KSS) qun efan rnbnrnja`f f of njtrnif cn

akjtnj`ck fuc`kv`sufo f trfvs cn @jtnrjnt s`j qun nx`stf uj kpnrfckr `gpoàfck nj noakjtrko k c`str`mua`j cno akjtnj`ck. Fcngs, no usufr`k puncn faancnr f oks akjtnj`cks f

trfvs cn aufoqu`nr c`spks`t`vk akjnatfck f @jtnrjnt.

No fugnjtk cn c`spks`t`vks nonatrjàks pkr pfrtn cn of pkmofa`j, no cnspo`niun prkirns`vk

cn of b`mrf ptàf f oks ekifrns y ofs rncns 3I pfrf c`spks`t`vks gvòns efj prkpà`fck uj

naks`stngf bfvkrfmon pfrf no cnsfrrkook cn poftfbkrgfs cn vcnk mfdk cngfjcf, R`cnk kj

Cngfjc(RkC) nj `jios. Qnij no @JN, no 93,3% cn oks ekifrns nspfkons t`njnj akjnx`j

f @jtnrjnt cn mfjcf fjaef subà`njtn pfrf pkcnr efanr usk cn oks snrvà`ks cn vcnk mfdkcngfjcf.

F akjt`jufa`j sn prnsnjtfj ofs pr`ja`pfons ngprnsfs nspfkofs qun kbnrtfj fatufognjtn

snrvà`ks cn vcnk mfdk cngfjcf f trfvs cn of gkcfo`cfc KSS nj strnfg`ji, qun pnrg`tn

qun oks vcnks sn puncfj v`s`kjfr afs` fo `jstfjtn (cnpnjc`njck cno fjaek cn mfjcf cno

usufr`k) yf qun jk efy qun nspnrfr f qun sn cnsafriunj.

Of sìu`njtn tfmof gunstrf 63 ngprnsfs qun kbrnanj fo akjsug`ckr nspfko ujf kbnrtf onifo

cn ttuoks cn pnoauofs, snr`ns, akrtkgntrfdns y ckaugnjtfons. Oks cftks prkv`njnj cno


30/60


-18-


aftokik cn of kbnrtf onifo kjo`jn cn a`jn nj Nspff cno @AFF y nst fatufo`zfck fo fk

=863. Jk sn efj tnj`ck nj aunjtf ngprnsfs qun yf jk kpnrfj nj of fatufo`cfc y poftfbkrgfs

cn tnajkokif c`st`jtf fo vcnk-KSS.

Ofs akgpffs qun efj punstk nj gfraef `jà`ft`vfs cn RkC kbrnanj uj aftokik

fuc`kv`sufo fgpo`k cn snr`ns y pnoauofs a`jngftkirbàfs qun puncnj snr akjsug`cfs nj

strnfg`ji, prnv`k pfik cn ujf susar`pa`j gnjsufo k uj foquònr. Nstn gkcnok cn jnika`k sn

akjkan akj no jkgmrn cn okji tfò k ofrif akof, qun akjs`stn pr`ja`pfognjtn nj vnjcnr

gnjks cn gs, skmrn ujf fgpo`f ifgf cn prkcuatks nspna`fo`zfcks (Kdnr y Afpfp,=86=4650).

Gfraf akgnra`foCkgàò`k

Qka`fo Akjst`tua`j Stuoks C`spks`t`vksXrna`k

(foquònr/susar`pa`j)

G`v`cnkaoum.akg Mfranokjf =2/81/6000 658 XA, SR akjnatfcf 6,00-=,00

A`jnaoàl.akg Afstnooj 6>/66/=886 6.888

XA, tfmont,sgfrpekjn, SRakjnatfcf 8-8,00-6,00 / 0,0>

Bògktnae.akg Gfcr`c 65/8>/=883 1.>88XA, tfmont,sgfrtpekjns 8-8,>8-=,0> / 2,0>

@j-nc`t.tv Mfranokjf 86/80/=88> 93 XA 6,>-1

Fcjstrnfg.akg Gfcr`c ==/8=/=889 6>8

XA, tfmont,sgfrpekjn, SRakjnatfcf

8-8,006,00 / =,009,00

Bòg`j.ns Mfranokjf 16/8>/=889 >.888

XA, tfmont,sgfrtpekjns, SRakjnatfcf 8,0>-1,0> / 6>

Jumnkx.akg Gfcr`c 6>/86/=868 =.888XA, tfmont, SRakjnatfcf 8,00-1,00

Yufl`.tv Mfranokjf =0/89/=868 3.>88

XA, tfmont,v`cnkakjskofs,SR akjnatfcf 8-6,00-3,00 / 2,00

Suaut.akg Aanrns =6/6=/=866 =.888

XA, tfmont,

sgfrtpekjns 3,00 (susar`pa`j)388bògs.akg Gfcr`c 89/81/=86= 638 XA 6,0>=,3>

Bnnogflnrs.akg Gfcr`c =1/66/=86= 188

XA, tfmont,sgfrpekjn, SRakjnatfcf 8,08-1 / 5-98

Xnoàuofscna`jnkjo`jn.akg Foàfjtn 63/85/=861jk

c`spkj`monXA, tfmont,sgfrtpekjns 8-=,00

Mukji.tv/nsQtf.AruzSnjnr`bn 8>/80/=861 28 XA 8-6,00

Sktfo Aefjjno.akg Mfranokjf 61/81/=863 ==8 XA, tfmont 6=-65 (susar`pa`j)

Sfmof =.64 Ngprnsfs cn vcnk mfdk cngfjcf qun kpnrfj nj Nspff. Bunjtn4 Nofmkrfa`j prkp`f f pfrt`r cn cftks cno @AFF

y MK]GN


31/60


-16-


Qnij uj nstuc`k cn of akgpff cn `jvnstìfa`j cn gnrafcks SJQ skmrn no akjka`g`njtk

y usk RkC pkr gfraf, ofs trns ngprnsfs gs akjka`cfs pkr oks njaunstfcks, tnj`njck nj

aunjtf of tfmof fjtnr`kr, snrfj Yufl` Jumnkx y Bòg`j.

Irbàk =.=4 Akjka`g`njtk y usk RkC pkr gfraf. Bunjtn4 Nofmkrfa`j prkp`f f pfrt`r cn cftks cn SJQ

Akgk sn cnsprnjcn cno irbàk, no enaek cn qun of akjkzafj jk `gpoàf qun of utòànj k of

tnjifj akjtrftfcf nj of fatufo`cfc, yf qun oks rft`ks kmtnj`cks sn puncnj akjs`cnrfr mfdks.

Xkr ktrk ofck, uj nstuc`k cn @aofvns gkstrfmf of c`spkj`mò`cfc cn oks usufr`ks pfrf pfifr

pkr snrvà`ks cn vcnk mfdk cngfjcf. ^j 38% cn oks njaunstfcks nstfrfj c`spunstks f

pfifr pkr vnr ujf pnoauof cn nstrnjk.

Irbàk =.14 ^sufr`ks c`spunstks f pfifr pkr rnprkcuaa`j kjo`jn. Bunjtn4 Nofmkrfa`j prkp`f f pfrt`r cn cftks cn @aofvns

Qnij uj nstuc`k rna`njtn cn of INQFA (Nurkpnfj Irkup`ji kb Qka`nt`ns kb Futekrs fjc

Akgpksnrs), Gnfsur`ji auoturfo fjc arnft`vn gfrlnts `j ten N^, oks gkcnoks cn c`str`mua`j

39,331,=

63,=

1,2 =,0 6,28

68

=8

18

38

>8

Yufl` Jumnkx Bòg`j

Sktfo akjkan (%)

Ok utò`zk/tnjik

akjtrftfck (%)

38%

1>%

=2%

==%

8% =8% 38% 28% 58% 688%

Xnoauof nstrnjk

Xnoauof aftokik

Qnr`n SR nstrnjk

Qnr`n aftokik

^sufr`ks c`spunstks f pfifr pkr rnprkcuaa`j kjo`jn (%)


32/60


-1=-


cì`tfo nstj arna`njck rp`ck, pnrk skj tkcfvf gfri`jfons. ]nspnatk fo RkC snfof qun

efs irkwj brkg fogkst jkte`ji b`vn ynfrs fik tk faakujt bkr frkujc f qufrtnr kb tktfo mkx

kbbàns rnvnjun (6.3m kb2.1m) `j =861.(RR.FF., =863423).

Qnij uj nstuc`k cn Faanjturn, oks pr`ja`pfons fspnatks cn pfik pfrf oks usufr`ks cn

akjtnj`ck kjo`jn snrfj of rfp`cnz cn cnsafrif y oks prna`ks fdustfcks, akgk sn gunstrf nj

no sìu`njtn irbàk4

Irbàk =.34 Xr`ja`pfons fspnatks cn pfik pfrf oks usufr`ks cn akjtnj`ck kjo`jn. Bunjtn4 Nofmkrfa`j prkp f f pfrt`r cn cftks cnFaanjturn

^jf cn ofs cnmò`cfcns qun prnsnjtfj nstfs ngprnsfs ns of cnpnjcnja`f akj ktrks snatkrns

akgk prkcuatkrfs cn akjtnj`ck, kpnrfckrfs cn tnonakgujàfa`kjns y ujf oni`sofa`j bunrf

cn Nspff qun ons `gp`cn kbrnanr sus snrvà`ks bunrf cn junstrfs brkjtnrfs.

Nj Nspff forncnckr cno 58% cn ofs pnoauofs nxe`m`cfs nstj prkcua`cfs pkr ofs irfjcns

gfdkrscn Ekooywkkc y ns ujf tnjcnja`f qun sn rnp`tn nj tkcf Nurkpf, f pnsfr cn ofs auktfs

`gpunstfs pfrf prktninr fo a`jn jfa`kjfo y nurkpnk. (Kdnr y Afpfp, =86=4650).

Ofs pr`ja`pfons prkcuatkrfs a`jngftkirbàfs cno gujck, akjka`cfs akgk gfdkrs skj sn`s

akgpffs4 Xfrfgkujt Xàturns, ^j`vnrsfo, =8te Anjtury Bkx, Yfrjnr Mrktenrs, Yfot

C`sjny y Qkjy-Akougm`f Xàturns. Nstfs gfdkrsakjtrkofj tkcfs ofs bfsns cn arnfa`j cn ujf

pnoauof, cnscn of `cnf efstf of nxe`mà`j nj oks a`jns. Nstk jks oonvf f efmofr cn of

nxpoktfa`j cn of kmrf a`jngftkirbàf nj c`bnrnjtns vnjtfjfs.

=8%

=>%

1=%

1>%

1>%

1>,>8%

19,18%

Bfaò`cfc cn faansk (guot`c`spks`t`vks)

Fgpo`k aftokik

Akjtnj`ck prngùg (nstrnjks)

Fotf afo`cfc cn v`cnk (EC,Buoo-EC)

Mfdf pumoà`cfc

Xrna`ks fdustfcks

]fp`cnz cn cnsafrif


33/60


-11-


Of pr`gnrf vnjtfjf ns of nxe`mà`j cn of pnoauof nj ofs sfofs cn a`jn. Srfjsaurr`cks

auftrk gnsns cn of nxe`mà`j cn of pnoauof nj sfofs, of sìu`njtn vf cn nxpoktfa`j ns of

tnonv`s`j nj gkcfo`cfcpfy pnr v`nw k of c`str`mua`j kjo`jn. Cnspus sn pkcr fcqu`r`r nj

foquònr y pkstnr`krgnjtn nj oks afjfons cn tnonv`s`j cn pfik. P f pfrt`r cn nstn gkgnjtk,

snrj ofs tnonv`s`kjns nj fm`nrtk qu`njns puncfj fcqu`r`r oks cnrnaeks cn ng`s`j cn ofs

kmrfs a`jngftkirbàfs.

Nj mfsn f nstk, kaurrn qun aufjck vfgks f foquòfr ujf pnoauof, oonvf akoifcf nj @jtnrjnt

auftrk gnsns. Nstk akjnatf akj of `cnf cn qun nx`stn ujf rnofa`j njtrn akjtnj`ckc`spkj`mon y p`rftnrf akgk yf fpujtfmf uj rna`njtn nstuc`k cn of krifj`zfa`j @jtnrjnt

Qka`nty. Qnij oks cftks cn of Akfoà`j cn Arnfckrns rnoft`vks fo =86=, no 3=% cn ofs

cnsafrifs ònifons akrrnspkjcfj f akjtnj`ck qun vf cnscn no nstrnjk nj a`jns efstf no

ofjzfg`njtk nj CRC/Mou-]fy.

Of pnoauof Afrg`jf k ]nv`njtf cn Xfak Onj cnsfb` no a`rau`tk cn vnjtfjfs cn

nxpoktfa`j y sn nstrnj s`guotjnfgnjtn nj ofs sfofs cn a`jn, CRC y poftfbkrgfs cn

@jtnrjnt akgk Bòg`j njtrn ktrfs. Xnsn efmnr subr`ck no mkàkt cn ofs nxe`m`ckrfs, of pnoauofgfra uj e`tk fo akjvnrt`rsn nj of pnoauof akj gs v`s`kjfcks onifons nj of rnc nj of

e`stkr`f cn Nspff. Fujqun snf nv`cnjtn cn qun sn trftf cn uj afsk f`sofck y nxanpa`kjfo

cnjtrk cn of `jcustr`f, nstf nstrftni`f ef cngkstrfck qun ktrk gkcnok cn jnika`k ns pks`mon

nj no gnrafck fuc`kv`sufo nspfko. (Fiufck y cno X`jk, =86=420).

Xfrf b`jfo`zfr, efy qun cndfr akjstfja`f qun no gkcnok nj no qun sn b`dfj ofs ngprnsfs

nspfkofs ns of poftfbkrgf nstfckuj`cnjsn Jntbo`x. Qn trftf cno krìnj cno fatufo gkcnok cn

jnika`k nj strnfg`ji. Ofs aofvns cn su x`tk sn mfsfj nj kbrnanr uj fgpo`k aftokikfuc`kv`sufo, nj of `jjkvfa`j akjt`juf pfrf sft`sbfanr gndkr f sus ao`njtns y nj su vf cn

`jirnsks, of susar`pa`j (Kdnr y Afpfp, =86=4650). Nj of fatufo`cfc t`njnj prnsnja`f nj

tkcf Fgràf y nj Fongfj`f, Brfja`f, Quna`f, ]n`jk ^j`ck n @rofjcf njtrn ktrks pfsns.

Qnij pumoà no c`fr`k No Xfs f rfz cn ofs rnvnofa`kjns cn Y`lònfls, of Ngmfdfcf

nstfckuj`cnjsn nj Nspff c`sn ujf g`jua`ksf nstrftni`f nj =889 y akoka of prkp`ncfc

`jtnonatufo akgk tngf pr`kr`tfr`k nj su finjcf. (No Xfs, =868). Fujqun Jntbo`x jk sn ef

gfj`bnstfck fo rnspnatk, su cnsngmfrak nj Nspff ns `jg`jnjtn. Foiujks gnc`ks akgkNxpfjs`jkNurkpf Xrnssfpujtfj fo ktkk cno =86>.


34/60


-13-


1.

]NQÔSFCKQ. AKJAO^Q@KJNQ. C@QA^Q@J

1.6. ]nsuotfcks

Oks pr`ja`pfons rnsuotfcks qun sn efj kmtnj`ck cn of `jvnstìfa`j sn prnsnjtfj f

akjt`jufa`j cn bkrgf irbàf pfrf bfaò`tfr of `jtnrprntfa`j cn oks g`sgks. Oks irbàks

utò`zfcks kbrnanj `jbkrgfa`j jugr af y nstfcstàf cno kmdntk nstuc`fck cn tfo gkck qun

puncfj trfjsg`t`r akjtnj`cks cn gfjnrf gs nbà`njtn qun of gnrfgnjtn tnxtufo.

1.6.6. ]nsuotfcks skmrn of p`rftnrf fuc`kv`sufo

Nx`stnj guaefs t`pkokifs pnjfons qun puncnj akgntnrsn gnc`fjtn no usk cn ok qun ef

vnj`ck f cnjkg`jfrsn ofs junvfs tnajkokifs. Xfrf akjarntfr ujks ar`tnr`ks qun

gntkckoiàfgnjtn bunrfj akgpfrfmons akj oks pfsns cn junstrk njtkrjk, no G`j`stnr`k

cno @jtnr`kr cna`c` ngponfr ofs t`pkokifs pnjfons cnsar`tfs nj no Akjvnj`k skmrn

A`mnrar`g`jfo`cfc cn Mucfpnst. Oks t`pks pnjfons akjarntks qun fmfraf y oks gnc`ks qun sn

akjs`cnrf qun cnmnj ngponfrsn pfrf su akg`s`j sn cntfoofj f akjt`jufa`j4

CNJKG@JFA@JAC@IKXNJFO

NQXFKO

S@XK ENAEKQNA

RF]@FMONQ QNA F^S@O@TF]

Akjtrf of prkp`ncfc`jcustr`fo/`jtnonatufo

QNA7 Q`stngf Nstfcstàkcn Ar`g`jfo`cfc

Frts. =98 f =99 y2=1.> cno AcìkXnjfo (akjtrf ofprkp`ncfc`jtnonatufo y akjtrfof prkp`ncfc`jcustr`fo)

CNO@SKQAKJS]F OFX]KX@NCFC

@JSNONAS^FO

Gnc`k Ngponfck4@jtnrjnt/`jbkrgtàf,

Snonbkjf/akgujàfa`kjns,@jtrfjnt y ktrfs rncns, pi`jfscn strnfg`ji, rncns cn frae`vksakgpfrt`cks X=X, pi`jfs cncnsafrifs c`rnatfs, pi`jfs cnnjofans, mokis y akrrnksnonatrjàks, rncns ska`fons.

CNO@SKQ

AKJS]F OFX]KX@NCFC@JC^QS]@FO

Aufcrk 1.64 S`pks pnjfons y gnc`ks ngponfcks pfrf of akg`s`j cno cno`tk. Bunjtn4 Nofmkrfa`j prkp`f f pfrt`r cn cftks cnoG`j`stnr`k cno @jtnr kr

Nj pr`gnr ouifr, sn musa no jgnrk cn cno`tks akgnt`cks akjtrf of prkp`ncfc

`jcustr`fo/`jtnonatufo pkr fk. Qn ef cn akjs`cnrfr qun no G`j`stnr`k cno @jtnr`kr jk kbrnan

oks cftks cn cno`tks skmrn of prkp`ncfc `jtnonatufo cnsioksfcks.


35/60


-1>-


Qnij sn cnsprnjcn cn oks cftks skmrn a`mnrar`g`jfo`cfc qun fpkrtf of tfmof 1.6, njtrn ofs

t`pkokifs pnjfons gs akgnt`cfs akj ofs junvfs tnajkokifs nj Nspff sn s`tfj oks

cnjkg`jfcks brfucns `jbkrgtàks, sniu`cks f guaef c`stfja`f pkr oks cno`tks akjtrf of

prkp`ncfc `jcustr`fo n `jtnonatufo, qun skmrn no tktfo cn irupks cnoàt`vks supusk uj 8,3% nj

no fk =861.

I]^XKQ CNO@AS@RKQ =866 =86= =861

6. B]F^CN @JBK]GS@AK =6.89> =9.=16 =2.223

=. FGNJFTFQ P AKFAA@KJNQ 0.510 0.=89 0.823

1. AKJS]F NO EKJK] 6.036 6.506 6.021

3. BFOQ@B@AFA@J @JBK]GS@AF 6.528 6.2=> 6.285

>. FAANQK N @JSN]ANXSFA@J @OA@SF 6.30= 6.986 6.58>

2. CNO@SKQ QNU^FONQ 9>> 96> 925

9. @JSN]BN]NJA@F NJ OKQ CFSKQ P NJ NO Q@QSNGF ==5 =05 1>0

5. AKJS]F OF X]KX@NCFC @JC^QS]@FO/@JSNONAS^FO === 633 69=

0. CNO@SKQ AKJS]F OF QFO^C XMO@AF 32 31 13

SKSFO 19.3>5 3=.5>> 3=.319

Sfmof 1.64 S`pkokifs pnjfons gs akgnt`cfs akj ofs junvfs tnajkokifs nj Nspff njtrn oks fks =866 y =861. Bunjtn4Nofmkrfa`j prkp`f f pfrt`r cn cftks cno G`j`stnr k cno @jtnr`kr

Càek pkranjtfdn pkcrf `jcàfrjks qun no jcàn cn a`mnrar`g`jfo`cfc akjtrf of prkp`ncfc

`jcustr`fo/`jtnonatufo jk rnsuotf sìj`bàft`vk, fs akgk cnsar`m`r uj nsanjfr`k ckjcn nstn

t`pk cn cno`tks fpnjfs sn akgntnj k sn pnrsìunj nj Nspff, ok qun akjtrfstf akj oks

j`vnons cn p`rftnrf nx`stnjtns, ujk cn oks kmdnt`vks cn of `jvnstìfa`j auyks rnsuotfcks sn

prkancnj f gkstrfr f akjt`jufa`j.

^jk cn oks prkps`tks cno sìu`njtn trfmfdk nrf cntnrg`jfr s` no t`pk cn pnrbò gfykr`tfr`k cn

`jtnrjfutf qun rnfo`zf cnsafrifs irftu`tfs cn vcnk nj @jtnrjnt rnspkjcf f

akgpkrtfg`njtks nspnabàks ftnjc`njck f vfr`fmons ska`kcngkirbàfs akgk irupks cn

ncfc, snxk, j`vno cn nstuc`ks, s`tufa`j ofmkrfo y ouifr cn rns`cnja`f. F nstn rnspnatk sn ef

efoofck uj pnrbò t`pk, qun akrrnspkjcnrf akj uj vfrj dkvnj akj nstuc`ks gnc`ks, qun jk

trfmfdf y jk rns`cn nj afp`tfo cn prkv`ja`f.


36/60


-12-


Irbàk 1.64 Xnrskjfs qun rnfo`zfrkj cnsafrifs irftu`tfs cn vcnk nj @jtnrjnt nj uj tr`gnstrn (=868-=866). Bunjtn4 Nofmkrfa`jprkp`f f pfrt`r cn cftks cno GNAC

65,1

65,0

=6,6

65,=

61,6

=8,=

==,0

6,>

35,>

1,5

0,0

8,=

>,9

62,6

=2,=

=9,9

=1,>

=0,5

=8,>

=0

32,>

63,>

=8,>

69,3

Afp`tfons cn prkv`ja`f

Gs cn 688.888 efm`tfjtns

Cn >8.886 f 688.888 efm`tfjtnsCn 68.886 f >8.888 efm`tfjtns

Cn gnjks cn 68.886 efm`tfjtns

SFGFK CN G^J@A@X@K

Srfmfdfjck

Xfrfck

Dumòfck k rnt`rfck cno trfmfdk

Nstuc`fjtn

Ofmkrns cno ekifr

KtrksQ@S^FA@J OFMK]FO

Q`j akgpontfr nsakofr`zfa`j msàf

Nsakofr`zfa`j msàf s`j ttuok

Nsakofr`zfa`j msàf akj ttuok

Mfaeòonrftk

Bkrgfa`j prkbns`kjfo

Njsnfjzf uj`vnrs`tfr`f

J@RNO CN NQS^C@KQ

Cn >> fks y gsCn 3> f >3 fks

Cn 1> f 33 fks

Cn => f 13 fks

Cn 6> f =3 fks

NCFC

Gudnrns

Rfrkjns

IJN]K

SKSFO

% pnrskjfs qun rnfo`zfrkj cnsafrifs irftu`tfs cn vcnk nj @jtnrjnt nj % skmrn of pkmofa`j tktfo


37/60


-19-


@jtnrjnt sn nst akjv`rt`njck afcf vnz gs nj of vf efm`tufo pfrf faancnr f akjtnj`cks

fuc`kv`sufons (vcnks, pnoauofs k snr`ns). Akgk pkcngks kmsnrvfr pkr ok cftks cno

sìu`njtn irbàk, no jgnrk cn pnrskjfs njtrn 63 y 98 fks qun efj cnsafrifck foij

frae`vk fuc`kv`sufo ef fugnjtfck nj =861 uj 98,9%, gfrafjck of a`brf gs fotf cn oks

cftks e`stràks.

Irbàk 1.=4 Gòokjns cn frae`vks fuc`kv`sufons cnsafrifcks pkr `jc`v`cuks cn 63 f 98 fks nj oks ot`gks trns gnsns k gnjks.Bunjtn4 Nofmkrfa`j prkp`f f pfrt`r cn cftks cn of QIFN

Jk kmstfjtn, nj aufjtk f ofs fat`v`cfcns rnofa`kjfcfs akj of v`sufo`zfa`j y cnsafrif cn

pnoauofs y snr`ns, sn akjaouyn qun sn ef `jvnrt`ck no rko prnckg`jfjtn, yf qun of prnbnrnja`fcn oks usufr`ks cn @jtnrjnt pkr cnsafrifr no akjtnj`ck sn ef `jvnrt`ck f bfvkr cn vnrok

kjo`jn. Akgk sn puncn fprna`fr nj no irbàk 1.1, curfjtn no fk =861 no pkranjtfdn cn

`jtnrjfutfs qun cna`c`nrkj vnr vcnks s`j cnsafrifr fugnjt prkirns`vfgnjtn. Of onaturf

qun puncn nxtrfnrsn ns qun prna`sfgnjtn no fugnjtk cn of vnoka`cfc cn akjnx`j f @jtnrjnt

nst pnrg`t`njck gfjtnjnr of cnsafrif cn akjtnj`ck g`njtrfs sn rnprkcuan no vcnk,

bujcfgnjtfo pfrf uj jnika`k akgk no vcnk mfdk cngfjcf.

3.=58.888

1.901.888

1.>=1.888

3.>1=.968 3.366.888

1.6>9.668

>.155.338

8

6.>88.888

1.888.888

3.>88.888

2.888.888

=889 =885 =880 =868 =866 =86= =861

Sktfo pkmofa`j 63-98 fks qun cnsafrif fuc`kv`sufo cn @jtnrjnt


38/60


-15-


F nstn rnspnatk, snij no @JN, no 58% cn oks ekifrns nspfkons c`spkjnj cn akjnx`j f

@jtnrjnt cn mfjcf fjaef subà`njtn pfrf pkcnr usfr oks snrvà`ks cn vcnk mfdk cngfjcf.

(@JN, =86>). Fcngs, no cnsfrrkook cn of b`mrf ptàf ef enaek pks`mon qun sn c`sbrutn cn

akjnx`kjns f fotf k gnc`f vnoka`cfc, pkr ok qun ns pks`mon trfjsg`t`r ujf irfj afjt`cfc cn

cftks nj pkak t`ngpk y akj guaef c`stfja`f pkr gnc`k.

Irbàk 1.14 Fat`v`cfcns rnfo`zfcfs pkr oks usufr`ks cn @jtnrjnt nj oks ot`gks 18 cfs nj no pnr`kck =868-=861. Bunjtn4Nofmkrfa`j prkp`f f pfrt`r cn cftks cn of QIFN

Q` ftnjcngks f oks faansks ònifons pkr pfrtn cn oks usufr`ks cno Irbàk 1.3 cnstfaf no

cnsanjsk akjt`jufck cno jgnrk cn usufr`ks cn @jtnrjnt qun p`rftnfj pnoauofs snij no

Kmsnrvftkr`k cn of X`rftnrf cnpnjc`njtn cn of Akfoà`j cn Arnfckrns, f pnsfr cn qun nopkranjtfdn rnoft`vk fo =861 sn akjs`cnrf nonvfck. Fujqun nj nstn irbàk no pkranjtfdn cn

usufr`ks qun

La piratería audiovisual en Internet y el vídeo bajo demanda. Un análisis conjunto a través del...

Documents

Transcript of La piratería audiovisual en Internet y el vídeo bajo demanda. Un análisis conjunto a través del...