INVESTIGACIÓN DE MERCADO DE VELAS TALLADAS

7/21/2019 INVESTIGACIN DE MERCADO DE VELAS TALLADAS

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CGHROTGD DB NKABKNBPG

BXHRBOG DB NKABKNBPG NKDRXTPNGO

NKSBXTNAGHNKDBMBPHGDFDBSBOGXTGOOGDGX

Bxtrdngktbx9

Agok @goobkg/ Ubdpf Jrgmk Pb~bx/ ^f`bp Mgptkby Sbag/ @p~gk

Pgcgbo @grtnxtg/ Onongkg

Dfhbktb9Nka+ ^bxbkng G~obk Xbpprtf Ubpbg

Hjnhog~f/ 0> db Kfsnbm`pb dbo 0570


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Sbogx Tgoogdgx NKSBXTNAGHNFK DB MBPHGDFX

Uankg 0

PBXRMBK

Bo tpg`gif db nksbxtnaghnk sbpxg xf`pb nktpfdrhnp go mbphgdf sbogx tgoogdgx bk og hnrdgd

db Hjnhog~f ~ og pgyk g ogx hrgobx pbxufkdb bx og fufptrkndgd db hr`pnp bxtb mbphgdf/ ~g

wrb kf bznxtbk sbogx tgoogdgx gpfmtnhgx ~ bxtb xbpg rk `rbk urktf db nknhnf+

Ogx sgpngòbx bxtrdngdgx xfk tgktf hrgontgtnsgx hfmf og hfm`nkghnk db hfofpbx wrb obx

arxtg/ ofx gpfmgx wrb upbcnbpb/ bo tgmgf/ ofx gxubhtfx wrb obx gtpgbk/ ofx oragpbx dfkdb

db arxtgpg hfmupgp/ ofx mbdnfx ufp ofx hrgobx ob arxtgpg pbhn`np nkcfpmghnk< gx hfmf

tgm`nk hrgktntgtnsgx hfmf og hgughndgd db gdwrnxnhnk ~ bo upbhnf wrb bxtgpg dnxurbxtfx

g ugagp ufp bo upfdrhtf ufp ugptb dbo honbktb+

Bo bkcfwrb dbo tpg`gif db nksbxtnaghnk pbxubhtf g ofx fìbtnsfx uogktbgdfx go nknhnf db

bxtb bxtrdnf gx tgm`nk bo ghtnfk xtgkdgpd uogktbgdgx ufp hgdg rkg db ofx nksbxtnagdfpbx

ugpg xr bcbhtnsndgd bk bo mbphgdf/ xb hfppf`fpgp g tpgsx db ofx apcnhfx wrb gkgonygmfx

dbtgoogdgmbktb+

Ofx pbxrotgdfx wrb xb mrbxtpgk bk og ubkotnmg ugptb db bxtb tpg`gif db nksbxtnaghnk/

kfx nkdnhgk wrb bx ufxnòb ~ bcbhtnsg og nktpfdrhhnk db bxtb upfdrhtf go mbphgdf db

Hjnhog~f db`ndf g og dbmgkdg db ofx honbktbx uftbkhngobx db sbogx tgoogdgx gpfmtnhgx/

gx mnxmf pbxufkdnbkdf g xrx pbwrbpnmnbktfx hfmf hfkxrmndfpbx ugpg mbifpgp bogm`nbktb bk xr hgxg+

Ufp otnmf/ wrbpbmfx dgp g hfkfhbp krbxtpgx ubpxubhtnsgx xf`pb wr db`bpg jghbpxb

ugpg wrb bo pbxrotgdf bmntndf ufp bxtg nksbxtnaghnk ~ bo bkcfwrb wrb upfufkb kf

dnxmnkr~g go nktpfdrhnpxb xtb bk bo mbphgdf/ bx ufp tgo wrb og otnmg ugptb hfkxtg db ogx

hfkhorxnfkbx ~ pbhfmbkdghnfkbx db ofx nksbxtnagdfpbx db hgmuf db bxtg nksbxtnaghnk+


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Uankg 8

N+ GKTBHBDBKTBX

Ogx sbogx dbhfpgpfk drpgktb xnaofx ogx omugpgx ~ ofx hgkdbog`pfx db tfdf bomrkdf ~ grk jf~ of xnarbk jghnbkdf bk fhgxnfkbx bxubhngobx/ g ubxgp db jg`bp

xndf cbonymbktb dbxuogygdgx ufp og ory bohtpnhg+

Bk bo xnaof ZSNNN/ bo hpbhnmnbktf db og nkdrxtpng db ogx `goobkgx/ tpgif bo upnmbp apgkhgm`nf bk og cg`pnhghnk db sbogx dbxdb og Bdgd Mbdng+ Og bxubpmg hbtx/ rkg hbpgf`tbkndg db og hpnxtgonyghnk db og bxubpmg db `goobkgx kf upfdrhb rk fofppburakgktb ~ gdbmx bxtg hbpg bx mx drpg wrb bo xb`f ~ wrb og hbpg db g`bigx+

Bk 7:84/ bo nksbktfp Ifxbuj Mfpagk cg`pnhf rkg mwrnkg wrb ubpmntg ogupfdrhhnk hfktnkrg db sbogx mbdngktb bo bmuobf db rk hnonkdpf hfmf unxtkmfsn`ob/ wrb b~bhtg`g ogx sbogx go bxtgp xfondgx+

Ftpf gsgkhb xrhbdn bk 7:25 hfk og upfdrhhnk db hbpg db ugpgcnkg/ f`tbkndg dboubtpobf ufp dbxtnoghnk db pbxndrfx+ Og mg~fp snptrd crb xr hfxtf ~g wrb og hbpg dbugpgcnkg bpg mx bhfkmnhg db upfdrhnp wrb ofx gktbpnfpbx hfm`rxtn`obxbmuobgdfx+

Og dbmgkdg db sbogx gpfmtnhgx bk Brpfug drpgktb bo 0552/ nkcfpmg wrb ogxnmufptghnfkbx tftgobx db pbagofx ~ gpthrofx dbhfpgtnsfx crb sgorgdf bk >/855mnoofkbx db brpfx+ Drpgktb bo ubpfdf dbo 0557-0552 bo tftgo db ogx nmufptghnfkbx

db og RB xb nkhpbmbkt bk rk 3+4 bk tpmnkfx db sgofp+ Gobmgkng bx bo ugx wrbondbpg ogx nmufptghnfkbx hfk bo 7: dbo mbphgdf/ xbarndf ufp Cpgkhng 74+:/Pbnkf Rkndf 70+2/ Jfogkdg :+8/ @oanhg 1+3/ Bxugg 3+2/ Ntgong 3+4 ~Grxtpng hfk bo 4+3+ Ofx ugxbx bk dbxgppfoof/ iragpfk rk ugubo db nmufptgkhng bkogx nmufptghnfkbx db gpthrofx dbhfpgtnsfx ~ db pbagof urbx g`gphgk bo 85+0 dbotftgo db ogx nmufptghnfkbx db og RB+

Db ghrbpdf g dgtfx db Gxxfhngtnfk fc Brpfubgk Hgkdob Mgkrcghtrpbpx/ bk Brpfugxb hfkxrmb gopbdbdfp db 8>5/555 tfkbogdgx db hgkdbogx&gf/ of wrb pbupbxbktg rk

hfkxrmf upfmbdnf db ufp of mbkfx 7+2 la&gkrgo ufp ubpxfkg bk Brpfug+ Xnkbm`gpaf/ db ofx ugxbx wrb tnbkbk ogx tgxgx mx gotgx db hfkxrmf xb bkhrbktpgkKfprbag ~ Jfogkdg/ xbarndf bk fpdbk db nmufptgkhng ufp Xrnyg+

Gcnpmf Qnoongm Mrbkhj/ upbxndbktb db og Gxfhnghnk Ogtnkfgmbpnhgkg dbCg`pnhgktbx db Sbogx/ Gogcgsb wrb gaprug 755 bmupbxgx db 72 ugxbx wrb "Bokbafhnf crb tgk apgkdb wrb gtpgif g mrhjg abktb< ubpxfkgx wrb snbpfk rkuftbkhngo/ rk kbafhnf ~ rkg fufptrkndgd ~ xb mbtnbpfk g cg`pnhgp sbogx/ ubpf xnkknkarkg bzubpnbkhng< crbpfk ofx upnmbpfx wrb tpfkgpfk"+


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Uankg 4

Bo dnpbhtfp db bzufptghnfkbx db og hfmugg Gogcgsb/ Mgrpnhnf Hgmghjf/ pbxgotwrb xn `nbk ogx sbogx hfk hgphtbp pbonanfxf kf xfk ogx wrb mx xb sbkdbk bk ftpfxugxbx/ ogx sbogx dbhfpgtnsgx xfk ogx upbcbpndgx dgdg og hgondgd/ tbztrpg/ hfofp ~gpfmg dbo upfdrhtf kghnfkgo+ Gdbmx Hgmghjf pbxgotf wrb bk bo ugx

ogx sbogx ugpg gorm`pgp xgktfx ~ ftpfx rxfx pbonanfxfx xfk ogx wrb mx mrbsbk bokbafhnf kf xfof bk bxtg ufhg kgsndbg/ xnkf drpgktb tfdf bo gf/ pbupbxbktgkdfmx db :5 ufp hnbktf dbo mbphgdf+

Bk Knhgpgarg/ og sbktg db sbogx xb jgk nkhpbmbktgdf hfkxtgktbmbktb/ pbanxtpgkdftgxgx hfktnkrgx db grmbktf db gopbdbdfp db :+2+ Bk bo 0555 ogx sbktgxpbanxtpgdgx ufp tfdg og nkdrxtpng db pbagofx ~ dbhfpghnk ofapgpfk rkg hncpg db 41+4mno mnoofkbx db dogpbx+

Bk bo 055>/ ofx ghhbxfpnfx dbhfpgtnsfx ugpg bo jfagp crbpfk bo xbarkdf apruf db

upfdrhtfx wrb f`xbpsgpfk mg~fp nkhpbmbktf bk xrx sbktgx *7:./ dbtpx db ofx dbhrndgdf ubpxfkgo hfmf ghbntbx bxbkhngobx/ ig`fkbx/ upfdrhtfx ugpg bo hrbpuf ~sbogx gpfmtnhgx wrb pbanxtpgpfk rk nkhpbmbktf dbo 07/ bo mx gotf db tfdf bopgmf+

Jf~ bk dg/ bznxtbk sbogx db dnsbpxfx tgmgfx/ cfpmgx/ gpfmgx ~ hfofpbx wrb bxhgxn nmufxn`ob nmgankgp wrb kf xb urbdg bkhfktpgp bxg sbog wrb pgdnhg bk xrnmgankghnk+

Db mgkbpg wrb og sbog xb mgkncnbxtg bk bo crbaf/ og ory wrb dg hogpndgd g krbxtpgsndg/ g krbxtpgx ndbgx+ Bx bxtg og ugxnk wrb kfx mftnsg g cg`pnhgp ~ fcpbhbp gkrbxtpfx honbktbx sbogx tgoogdgx db og mx gotg hgondgd dbhfpgtnsg ~ crkhnfkgo+


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Uankg 2

NN+ F@IBTNSF

0+7+ Fìbtnsf Abkbpgo

Gkgonygp og xbambktghnk db mbphgdf ufp bxtnof db sndg db ofxhfkxrmndfpbx bk og hnrdgd db Hjnhog~f/ ugpg dbtbpmnkgp og fcbptg ~ ogdbmgkdg db sbogx tgoogdgx+

0+0+ Fìbtnsfx Bxubhcnhfx Dbtbpmnkgp bo ufphbktgib db mribpbx wrb bxtgpgk dnxurbxtf gdwrnpnp bxtb

upfdrhtf+

Dbtbpmnkgp bo upbhnf wrb bxtgpgk dnxurbxtf g ugagp ufp bo upfdrhtf+ Hfkfhbp ofx arxtfx ~ dbxbfx dbo hfkxrmndfp wrb upbcnbpbk go gdwrnpnp ogx

sbogx ugpg ogx dbhfpghnfkbx+

Dbtbpmnkgp bo hfmufptgmnbktf db ofx hfkxrmndfpbx hfmf db ogxhfmubtbkhngx pboghnfkgdgx go mbphgdf db ogx sbogx db dbhfpghnfkbx+

Dbtbpmnkgp og bxtpgtbang db mgplbtnka mx upfunhng ugpg bo hfkfhnmnbktfmgxnsf db sbogx tgoogdgx+

Guonhgp jbppgmnbktgx hfmf bkhrbxtgx ~ bktpbsnxtgx g ubpxfkgx db og hnrdgddb Hjnhog~f+

NNN+ DNXBF

8+7+ Xbak xr Crkhnk9

8+7+7+ Nksbxtnaghnk Bzuofpgtfpng

Upfuxntf

Bo upfuxntf db bxtg btgug dbo upfhbxf db nksbxtnaghnk bx bo dngakxtnhf dbog xntrghnk bk og wrb xb bkhrbktpg bo mbphgdf db Hjnhog~f hfk pbxubhtf g ogkbhbxndgd db honbktbx uftbkhngobx db sbogx tgoogdgx+

Hgtbafpg Rtnonygdg

Og hgtbafpg rtnonygdg drpgktb bxtg btgug bx og dbo gkonxnx db dgtfxxbhrkdgpnfx ~g wrb bx ufxnòb f`tbkbpof bk `gxb g ftpgx crbktbx dbnkcfpmghnk/ gdbmx db mfxtpgp sbktgigx tgktf bk bo gxubhtf bhfkmnhfhfmf og pgundby db xr f`tbkhnk+


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Uankg 3

8+7+0+ Nksbxtnaghnk Hfkhor~bktb Dbxhpnutnsg

UpfuxntfOfx mftnsfx g ofx hrgobx pbxufkdb bxtg btgug db og nksbxtnaghnk bx ogndbktncnhghnk db hgpghtbpxtnhgx dbo mbphgdf hfk pbxubhtf g ogx sbogxtgoogdgx/ og mbdnhnk db ghtntrdbx db ofx honbktbx uftbkhngobx gx hfmf ogdbxhpnuhnk db ofx ugtpfkbx db gdwrnxnhnk db ogx sbogx tgoogdgx+

Hgtbafpg rtnonygdg

Og hgtbafpg g rtnonygp drpgktb bxtg btgug bx og dbo bmuobf db bkhrbxtgx ufpog `xwrbdg db pbxurbxtgx hrgktntgtnsgx/ gdbmx db mfxtpgp sbktgigxbhfkmnhgx ~ bk mgtbpng db nkcfpmghnk/ ~ cobzn`nondgd db dgtfx+

NS+ TGPABT

4+7+ DBCNKNHNK9Xb pbcnbpb go apruf f`ibtnsf dbo hrgo dbubkdbpk krbxtpgx sbktgx/ dfkdb nkcor~bk ogfcbptg ~ og dbmgkdg ugpg bo nktbphgm`nf db `nbkbx ~ xbpsnhnfx+Xb db`b db nksbxtnagp ~ dbcnknp wrnkbx sgk g xbp krbxtpfx crtrpfx hfkxrmndfpbx+Ugpg boof xb trsf bk hrbktg dgtfx bxtgdxtnhfx wrb pbsbogk hncpgx bk ufphbktgibxxf`pb bxtpgtfx/ xbzf/ bdgdbx ~ ufxn`nondgdbx bhfkmnhgx wrb xb mrbxtpg bk gkbzf58/ tfdf boof bk og hnrdgd db Hjnhog~f/ bxtf kfx ubpmntnp hfkhpbtgp bo ubpcno dbkrbxtpfx uftbkhngobx honbktbx db og xnarnbktb mgkbpg9

g+ AbfapcnhgJg`ntgktbx db Hjnhog~f/ db ofx dnxtpntfx mx bzhorxnsfx db ogupfsnkhng db Hjnhog~f tgobx hfmf Xgktg Snhtfpng/ Ofx ugpwrbx/Mnpgcofpbx/ Ofx Unkfx+

`+ DbmfapcnhgBxtb tnuf tb upfdrhtf db sbogx tgoogdgx bxt mx bkcfhgdf Mribpbxgmgktbx db og dbhfpghnk wrb xfk mg~fpbx db 7: gfx/ ~ tnbkbk apgkhgughndgd db gdwrnxnhnk db hfmupg/ ~ xb bkhrbxtgpbk r`nhgdgx rk

knsbo xfhnfbhfkmnhf gotf/ bx bxubhngo bk ofx bxtpgtfx xfhngobx G ~ @

h+ XfhnfbhfkmnhfBxtb upfdrhtf db sbogx tgoogdgx bxt bkcfhgdf g ofx Knsbo db nkapbxfxgotfx/ db ogx hogxbx G ~ @ wrb xfk ofx dfx bxtpgdfx wrb xbbkhrbktpgk bk og hrm`pb db og unpmndb/ bxtf tnufx db ubpxfkgx gubxgp wrb xgtnxcghbk xrx kbhbxndgdbx upnmgpngx `xnhgx obx wrb grkmgx ugpg xgtnxcghbp kbhbxndgdbx xbhrkdgpngx/ ~ bxhfabp ofx mbifpbx~ bzhorxnsfx upfdrhtfx ugpg dbhfpghnk db rk gm`nbktb+


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Uankg 1

d+ UxnhfapcnhgBxtb upfdrhtf db sbogx tgoogdgx bxt bkcfhgdf g gwrboogx mribpbxhr~f bxtnof db sndg f ghtnsndgdbx dngpngx bxtb bkcfhgdf g og nmgabk ~fpdbk db xr jfagp/ gmgktbx db og dbhfpghnk/ ~ ofx gpfmgxgapgdg`obx ~ mx hrgkdf xb tpgtg db rk upfdrhtf db dbhfpghnk kfhfmk+ Jghnbkdf db wrb rk upfdrhtf krbsf ga og bzhorxnsndgd db xrhgxg ~ xbg og bksndng dbo pbxtf+

b+ Bxtnofx db sndgBxtb tnuf db upfdrhtf db sbogx dbhfpgtnsgx bxtg mgx bkcfhgdg g ogxmribpbx db ofx bxtnof db db sndg xfcnxtnhgdgx/ mfdbpgx ~hfkxbpsgdfpgx ~g wrb bxtgx tnbkbk rk ufdbp gdwrnxntnsf db hfmupgmg~fp+

S+ GHTNFK XTGKDGPD

Bo upfdrhtf xgodp go mbphgdf db Hjnhog~f xnbmupb ~ hrgkdf og nksbxtnaghnkdb mbphgdf gppfib rk knsbo db ghbutghnk mg~fp f nargo go 25+X Hfktnkrgp hfk og pbgonyghnk dbo upf~bhtfKF Hgm`ngp db mbphgdf xbak ofx krbsfx pbwrbpnmnbktfx dbo honbktb+

Xn bo hfkxrmndfp bxt dnxurbxtf g ugagp ufp og sbog ubwrbg bk rk pgkaf

db X&+:+ g X&+70+55 ufp upfdrhtf+/ bk ogx sbog mbdngkg bk rk pgkaf db X&+72+g X&+7:+55 ufp upfdrhtf ~ bk ogx sbog apgkdb bk rk pgkaf db X&+00+ gX&+02+55 ufp upfdrhtf+

X Xb pbgonyg bo upfdrhtf go upbhnf upfurbxtf+KF @rxhgpg krbsfx mbphgdfx g dfkdb bxtk dnxurbxtfx g gdwrnpnp bo

upfdrhtf g bxtb upbhnf

Bk hrgktf bznxtnbpg wrb bo 25 db og uf`oghnk dbxbb sbogx tgoogdgx ugpgdbhfpghnk/ hfk gpfmgx ~ dncbpbktbx dnxbfx+

X Xb hfktnkg hfk og upfurbxtg dbo upfdrhtf ~ xrx hgpghtbpxtnhgx+KF Nkkfsgp bk hrgktf go upfdrhtf/ dgpob rk sgofp gapbagdf bznandfx ufpofx honbktbx+


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Uankg :

SN+ NKSBXTNAGHNK BZUOFPGTFPNG

3+7+ F@XBPSGHNKBx og thknhg mx gktnarg db og pbhfobhhnk db dgtfx hnbktcnhfx wrb hfkxnxtb`xnhgmbktb bk dbdnhgpxb g mnpgp+ Bk bo upbxbktb tpg`gif xb guonh og f`xbpsghnkdnpbhtg ~ kgtrpgo/ oobskdfxb g hg`f bk oragpbx db gupfsnxnfkgmnbktf f dbrtnonyghnk dbo upfdrhtf go hrgo bxt bk bxtrdnf+

3+7+7+ Fìbtnsfx F`xbpsgp bo tnuf db sbogx wrb fcpbhbk krbxtpf hfmubtndfp+

Gkgonygp g krbxtpf uònhf fìbtnsf+

3+7+0+ Kbhbxndgd db F`xbpsghnkNkdgagp xf`pb xrx upbcbpbkhngx/ arxtfx/ dbxbfx/ hfmufptgmnbktfx/ gpfmgx wrb

fcpbhbk og hfmubtbkhng ~ xrx upbhnfx pbxubhtnsfx+

3+7+8+ Thknhg db f`xbpsghnkOgx thknhgx wrb xb guonhgpfk bk bo upbxbktb tpg`gif crbpfk9

Snxntgp ofx bxtgòbhnmnbktfx db og hfmubtbkhng ~ f`xbpsgp xrx upfdrhtfxwrb fcbptgk+

Ghrdnp g ofx mbphgdfx f yfkgx hfmbphngobx ~ f`xbpsgp hrobx xfk ogx sbogxmx dbmgkdgdgx+

Snxntgp ofx oragpbx dfkdb xrbob cpbhrbktgp krbxtpf uònhf fìbtnsf+

F`xbpsgpofx hgmnkgp ufp og yfkg/ bzgmnkgp ofx xbpsnhnfx/ jghbp upbarktgx/~ bobanp dbtbpmnkgdfx upfdrhtfx+

Gkgonygp xrx upbhnfx *upbhnfx/ dbxhrbktfx.+

3+7+4+ Pbanxtpf db ofx dgtfx f`xbpsgdfx+

3+7+4+7+ Xrubpmbphgdf Uogyg Sbg

Uogyg Sbg xb r`nhg bk Gs+ Mnarbo db Hbpsgktbx 855 -HH+ Pbgo Uogyg Hjnhog~f+Bk Uogyg Sbg bkhfktpgpk rkg apgk sgpnbdgd db upfdrhtfx hfk og mbifp hgondgd

~ g ofx upbhnfx mx `gifx+

Bk Uogyg Sbg og oobagdg db honbktbx bx mgxnsg ~ hfkxtgktb/ ufp bkdbupbxbktg sgpnbdgd db upfdrhtfx< ubpf db ofx dncbpbktbx upfdrhtfx xb wrnbpbnksbxtnagp bo nmughtf bk bo mbphgdf db xfof rkf/ bk bxtb hgxf xfk ofxdncbpbktbx tnufx ~ cfpmgx db sbogx wrb fcpbhbk+


9/68


Uankg >

G hfktnkrghnk xb mbkhnfkgp ofx dncbpbktbx tnufx ~ cfpmgx db sbogx wrbufxbbk9Tg`og K 579 Pboghnk db ofx upbhnfx db sbogx bk uogyg sbg+

KFM@PBX UPBHNF UPBXBKTGHNK

Sbogx Ubpcrmgdgx X&+ 4+25 Nkdnsndrgo&ubwrbg

Onajt HgkdboxX&+ 3+>>

Bksfotrpg hfk nmabkbxpbonanfxfx

Hpbgtnsg Sbogx X&+ 3+>5 Cfpmg db hfpgyk

Sbogx @ogkhgx X&+ 04+>5 Nkdnsndrgo gpfmtnhgx

Sbogx Ubpcrmgdgx X&+ 78+55 Nkdnsndrgo&apgkdb

Lnka Hgkdbox X&+ 75+>5 Nkdnsndrgo

Crbktb9 Uogyg Sbg - 0570

Hfk pbxubhtf g ofx hfofpbx upbxbktgk `ogkhf/ pfif/ gyro mgpnkf/ mfpgdf ~sbpdb+ Gdbmx og upbxbktghnk xfk nkdnsndrgo/ drf/ tpnf f ugwrbtbx db xbnx+ Ogupbxbktghnk db bxtgx sbogx bxt bk hgigx ubwrbgx ~ `foxgx+

Pbcbpbktb g ofx honbktbx ghrdbk isbkbx/ tgktf jfm`pbx hfmf mribpbx ~ubpxfkgx db og tbphbpg bdgd wrb obx arxtg hfktbmuogp r fobp ogx sbogx+ Xb cnigk

bk bo upbhnf ~ dnxbf/ `rxhgkdf goaf bxubhngo ~ og bobhhnk hfppbhtg+

3+7+4+0+ Hgxg # Ndbgx

Hgxg # Ndbgx xb r`nhg bk Gs+ Mnarbo db Hbpsgktbx 855 -HH+ Pbgo UogygHjnhog~f+ Bx rkg tnbkdg bkhgpagdg db fcpbhbp dncbpbktbx upfdrhtfx dbgpthrofx dbhfpgtnsfx/ ghhbxfpnfx ugpg mbxg/ hfhnkg/ `gf/ dfpmntfpnfx/ dbg`pnaf ~ db uog~g+ Jf~ bk ndbg HGXG#NDBGX jg ofapgdf ufxnhnfkgpxb ~

tbkbp bo pbhfkfhnmnbktf db xr cnbo honbktbog bk Hjnhog~f+


10/68


Uankg 75

Bk og xbhhnk db sbogx upbxbktg of xnarnbktb9

Tg`og K 509 Pboghnk db ofx upbhnfx db sbogx bk Hgxg # Ndbgx+

KFM@PBX UPBHNF UPBXBKTGHNK

Sbogx Gpfmtnhgx X&+ 4+>5 Nkdnsndrgo&ubwrbg

Sbogx HgkdboxX&+ 7>+>5 Xbt db 8 rkndgdbx

Sbogx Prxtnhgx X&+ >+>5 Cfpmg db bxcbpg

Sbog Prxtnhg @gp X&+ 0>+>5 Nkdnsndrgo gpfmtnhgx

Sbog Prxtnhg @gppno X&+ 77+55 Nkdnsndrgo&apgkdb

Sbogx Coftgktbx X&+ 75+55 @foxgx db dfhbkg

Crbktb9 Hgxg # Ndbgx 0570

pbxubhtf g ofx hfofpbx upbxbktgk/ hfofpbx hogpfx/ mx ifsngo/ ufxbbk mg~fpsgpnbdgd/ dncbpbktbx dnxbfx+ Bk xr upbxbktghnk tnbkb mrhjf bk hfmk hfkUogyg Sbg ~g wrb xfk nkdnsndrgobx/ df/ tpf f ugwrbtbx db xbnx+ Ogupbxbktghnk db bxtgx sbogx bxt bk hgigx ubwrbgx ~ `foxgx+

Pbcbpbktb g ofx honbktbx ghrdbk tgktf sgpfkbx hfmf mribpbx ~g xbgisbkbx ~ ubpxfkgx db og tbphbpg bdgd wrb obx arxtg ~ xfk gmgktbx db ogxsbogx+ Og mg~fpg db ubpxfkgx wrb ghrdbk g Hgxg # Ndbgx jghbk xrx ugafxhfk tgpibtgx db hpdntf/ bkhfktpkdfxb bk rk knsbo xfhnfbhfkmnhf mbdnf+Bktpb ofx gpfmgx wrb upbxbktgk ogx sbogx bxtk ofx db sgnknoog/ `gm`/ pfxg/onmk/ mgpghr~ ~ hfhf+

3+7+4+8+ Tnbkdg DNK+Bxtg hgxg dbhfpgtnsg fcpbhb rkg dnsbpxndgd db upfdrhtfx/ tgobx hfmfcofpbpfx/ uborhjbx/ pbtpgtfx/ gpthrofx db dbhfpghnk db hfhnkg ~ sbogx db

dncbpbktbx tgmgfx/ cfpmgx ~ hfofpbx+

Bk bxtg tnbkdg hfmbphngo ogx sbogx ~ ftpfx gpthrofx dbhfpgtnsfx tnbkbkhgpghtbpxtnhgx ugptnhrogpbx wrb of dnxtnkarbk db ftpfx upfdrhtfx< og sbog bxrk gpthrof sbpxtno/ xrxhbutn`ob g xbp gdgutgdf g pbwrnxntfx/ arxtfx dbohfmupgdfp< mrhjfx upfdrhtfx ugpbhndfx/ ubpf ufhfx xbmbigktbx ~hfmubtntnsfx xb urbdbk bkhfktpgp bk bxtg tnbkdg+

Hfk pbxubhtf g ofx hfofpbx xb dnxtnkarbk sbogx db hfofpbx snsfx/ db hfofpbx

mgtbx/ sbogx db hfofpbx hfm`nkgdfx/ hfk ubpcrmbx ~ cpgagkhngx bztnhgx/sbogx ugpg bsbktfx+


11/68


Uankg 77

Pbcbpbktb g ofx honbktbx wrb xrbobk snxntgpog/ xfk mg~fpmbktb mribpbx wrbxb xnbktbk gtpgdgx ufp bxtfx upfdrhtfx/ bxtgx ubpxfkgx gdwrnbpbk upfdrhtfxdb dbhfpghnk hfmf sgxfx/ gomfjgdgx/ hrgdpfx/ gdfpkfx/ bth+ Rk urktfnmufptgktb wrb pbxgotgp bx og ufhg dbmgkdg db sbogx dbhfpgtnsgx bk bxtghgxg dbhfpgtnsg/ ofx honbktbx tnbkbk ufhg gtbkhnk ufp bxtb upfdrhtf+ Ogubphbuhnk xf`pb bo gpfmg kf bx kbagtnsg/ ufp bo hfktpgpnf/ ob gtpn`r~b rkgxbpnb db hrgondgdbx ufxntnsgx wrb ofx jghbk dbxbgòbx+ Bx ufxnòb bxubpgpwrb xn xb mbifpg ofx gtpn`rtfx db dnhjfx upfdrhtfx/ og hgktndgd dbdbmgkdgktbx xbg gk mg~fp+

3+7+2+ Gkonxnx b nktbpupbtghnk db ofx dgtfx+

Pbxubhtf g ofx upbhnfx tgktf bk Uogyg Sbg/ Hgxg#Ndbgx ~ og Tnbkdg DNKdncnbpbk db ghrbpdf go mfdbof/ cfpmg/ dnxbf/ tgmgf/ apfxfp ~ og

upbxbktghnk+ Ghbphg dbo hfofp bk ogx sbogx upbxbktgk dncbpbktbx sgpnbdgdbx+

Bktpb ofx gpfmgx kghnfkgobx tbkbmfx db onmk/ mgpghr~ ~ hfhf+

3+7+3+ Hfkhorxnfkbx db og F`xbpsghnk+

Drpgktb tfdg og nksbxtnaghnk kf xb urdf f`xbpsgp bk knkarkg tnbkdg sbogxtgoogdgx/ xnkf ftpfx mfdbofx ~ dnxbfx+ Ufp bkdb xb urbdb xbarnp hfk ognksbxtnaghnk ugpg ufdbp hr`pnp bxtb mbphgdf db sbogx+

Xb dbtbpmnk wrb bk bo mbphgdf db sbogx of wrb xb `rxhg bx og hgondgd ~ boupbhnf dbo upfdrhtf/ bx ufp bxtg pgyk bx wrb xn rk upfdrhtf bx gtpghtnsfugpg ogx ubpxfkgx ~ g rk upbhnf ghhbxnòb bo upfdrhtf tbkdp ghbutghnk bkbo mbphgdf+

Bo mbphgdf db sbogx ofx mx nmufptgktb xfk ogx dncbpbktbx dnxtpn`rndfpgxbk bo hbktpf db Hjnhog~f dfkdb bxtgpk fcbptkdfxb ofx upfdrhtfx+ Dbktpfdb bxtf tgm`nk xb urbdb dbhnp wrb og mg~fpg db ubpxfkgx wrb ofxhfmupgpgk xbpngk mribpbx+


12/68


Uankg 70

3+0+ CFHRX APFRU

3+0+7+ Dbcnknhnk+

Bx rkg jbppgmnbktg mr~ sgonfxg wrb g~rdg g hfmupbkdbp og ghtntrd db ofx

ugptnhnugktbx/ xr hfmupbkxnk ~ xr ubphbuhnk db rkg nktbpsbkhnk/ of wrb kfxbpg ufxnòb ugptnbkdf db rkg `gxb nkdnsndrgo+ Og xntrghnk db apruf ubpmntbf`tbkbp dnsbpxfx urktfx db snxtg ~ ubphbuhnfkbx bxtnmrogdfx ufp og nktbpghhnk+Xb fcpbhb g hgdg ugptnhnugktb og ufxn`nondgd db irxtncnhgp xnbmupb of wrb gcnpmg+

3+0+0+ Fìbtnsf+

Hfkfhbp og ubphbuhnk db ogx ubpxfkgx xf`pb bo upfdrhtf db sbogx tgoogdgx/ gxhfmf tgm`nk bzuofpgp bk ogx kbhbxndgdbx nkxgtnxcbhjgx ~ bzubhtgtnsgx bk tfpkf

g boofx+

3+0+8+ Mbtfdfofag+

Xb oobs g hg`f rk bxtrdnf db hgphtbp hrgontgtnsf-bzuofpgtfpnf bk `gxb g ogthknhg dbo Cfhrx Apfru+ Bxtg thknhg hfkxnxtb bk abkbpgp rkg dnxhrxnk on`pb ~arngdg xf`pb rk tbmg bxubhcnhf bk rk apruf db ubpxfkgx wrb jgk xndfupbsngmbktb xbobhhnfkgdgx+

Hfk og guonhghnk dbo Cfhrx Apfru xb upbtbkdb pbhg`gp nkcfpmghnk db upnmbpgmgkf/ bk bxtb hgxf g tpgsx db ogx funknfkbx ~ ubphbuhnfkbx db ofx honbktbxxf`pb ogx sbogx tgoogdgx+

G+ Apruf Fìbtnsf9

Bo uònhf ubptbkbhb g ogx yfkgx rp`gkgx db Hjnhog~f hfk rkg bdgd mknmg db7: gfx/ bktpb jfm`pbx ~ mribpbx db bxtpgtfx @ ^ H+

Ubpcno db ugptnhnugktbx9Ugptnhnugktbx Xbzf BdgdJgpfod Mgodfkgdf Sbag Mgxhronkf 03

Bombp Pb~bx @gppnfx Mgxhronkf 80

Gkg Ob~dn Pgcgbo @grtnxtg Cbmbknkf 7>

Gkg Mgpg Ufof Hgmufx Cbmbknkf 7>

Ondng @goobkg BkbwrbCbmbknkf 20

Unogp Jrgmk @gppnfxCbmbknkf 85


13/68


Uankg 78

@+ Ubpnfdf db og bsgorghnk9

Bo Cfhrx Apfru xb oobs g hg`f bo dg 07 db Xbtnbm`pb dbo 0570+

H+ Bxtprhtrpg9

Nktpfdrhhnk+ Upbxbktghnk dbo bxtrdnf/ dbcnknhnk db ofx f`ibtnsfx db ogxbxnk db tpg`gif ~ dbxhpnuhnk db og mbtfdfofag db tpg`gif+

Upnfpnyghnk+ Xb obx dg g hfkfhbp g ofx ugptnhnugktbx wrb tnbkbk wrb pbgonygprkg hptnhg dbo upfdrhtf tbknbkdf bk hrbktg ofx xnarnbktbx urktfx hfmf ugptbdb og dnxhrxnk9

Dbtgoobx bk bo upfdrhtf+

Mftnsfx db og hfmupg db sbogx+ Tnuf db sbogx wrb hfmupgk+ Dnxbfx ~ cfpmgtf db upbxbktghnk db ogx sbogx+ Oragpbx db hfmupg db ogx sbogx+ Gxubhtfx wrb hfkxndbpgk bk og hfmupg db sbogx+ Hfofpbx db sbogx+

Db`gtb+ Xb undn g hgdg rkf db ofx ugptnhnugktbx wrb mgkncnbxtbk xrxfunknfkbx bk `gxb g xrx bzubpnbkhngx db ghrbpdf g ofx urktfx gktbpnfpbx+

3+0+4+ Gkonxnx ~ Upbxbktghnk db ofx pbxrotgdfx+

Oragp/ cbhjg ~ ugptnhnugktbx Oragp9 Gs+ Cbpkgkdf @bogrkdb (>:> Og Upnmgsbpg Cbhjg9 07 db Xbtnbm`pb dbo 0570 Kmbpf db ugptnhnugktbx9 Xbnx ubpxfkgx+

Tnbmuf bxtnmgdf

Jfpg db Nknhnf9 3974 umJfpg db hromnkghnk9 39 25 um

Bo tnbmuf tftgo crb db 81 mnkrtfx/ db ghrbpdf g xbnx ubpxfkgx wrb crbpfkugpg og pbgonyghnk dbo Cfhrx Apfru+

Pbxufkxg`obxBxtrsf g hgpaf db rk mfdbpgdfp/ tpbx gxnxtbktbx *rk f`xbpsgdfp/ rk cnomgdfp~ og bkhgpagdg db ogx cftfx./ g hfktnkrghnk xb mrbxtpg ofx pbxubhtnsfxkfm`pbx9


14/68


Uankg 74

Mfdbpgdfp9 Agok @goobkg/ UbdpfGxnxtbktbx9

Jrgmk Pb~bx/ ^f`bp Mgptkby Sbag/ @p~gk Pgcgbo @grtnxtg/ Onongkg

3+0+2+ Hgpghtbpxtnhg dbo gkonxnx+

Bk bo xnarnbktb hrgdpf xb upbhnxg ogx dbxhpnuhnfkbx db og hgpghtbpxtnhg f`tbkndfpbcbpbktb go upfdrhtf tgobx gx hfmf9 ugtpfkbx db ubkxgmnbktf/ ghtntrdbx/hfkdrhtg pbcbpbktb g gxubhtfx ufxntnsfx/ kbagtnsfx ~ ogx xrabpbkhngx+

Og thknhg guonhgdg bk bxtb hgxf hfk bo cfhrx apfru/ xb pbhgrdf og xnarnbktbnkcfpmghnk9

Urktfx GxubhtfxUfxntnsfx

GxubhtfxKbagtnsfx

Xrabpbkhngx

Dbtgoobx bk boupfdrhtf

-Bxtk fkntgx+-Hfofpbx mr~pbxgotgktbx+-Dbtgoobx mgphgkog dncbpbkhng+-@rbkgupbxbktghnk+

-Xb rx rk xfofhfofp+-Sgpngp fmbyhogp hfofpbx+

Upbxbktgp mxdbtgoobx ~ mr~`rbkfxghg`gdfx+

Dnxbgp mfdbofxwrb oogmbk oggtbkhnk+

Mftnsfx db oghfmupg dbsbogx+

-F`xbwrnf+-Fcpbhbpgk hfmfpbagofx+-Pbrknfkbxxfhngobx+-Ugpg rxf upfunf+

Xfof hfmupgkhrgkdf kf jg~bobhtpnhndgd bkhgxg+

Fcpbhbpupfdrhtfx ugpghgdg tnuf dbpbrknfkbx ~g xbgpbonanfxf ~ xfhngo+

Tnuf db sbogxwrb hfmupgk+

Dbubkdb dbo rxf+-Ugpg pbogighnkrxgpgk sbogx

gpfmtnhgx+-Ugpg pbrknfkbxxfhngobx ~pbonanfxgx rxgpgksbogx dbhfpgtnsgx+

Gdwrnxnhnk dbsbogxhfksbkhnfkgobx*`ogkhgx.

Hpbgp upfdrhtfxdb ghrbpdf gorxf db ofx

honbktbx+ Hfkfofpbx ~ gpfmgxwrb pbogibk+ Hfkdnxbfxpbonanfxfx+


15/68


Uankg 72

Dnxbfx ~cfpmgtf dbupbxbktghnkdb ogx sbogx+

-Obx arxtf ofx dfxmfdbofx dbupbxbktghnk+

-Tgmgfx

ubwrbfx hfk rkgupfznmgdf db 72hm+

-Cfpmgx db cofpbx+

Nktbpbxgdfx bkhfkfhbp mx

mfdbofx+

Sgpngp mfdbofxhfk tgmgfxubwrbfx bkbxtb hgxf+ Hfk

dnsbpxndgd dbcfpmgx+

Oragpbx dbhfmupg db ogx

sbogx+

-Bk ofx mbphgdfxmfdbof ~Mfxjfwrbwrb+

- Hbktpfxhfmbphngobx+-Oragpbx hktpnhfx

Hfmupg hbphg g

xr jfagp+

Upnmbpf bmubygpg dnxtpn`rnpubpxfkgombktb/

`rxhgp oragpbxhktpnhfx dfkdbghrdgk mg~fphgktndgd dbubpxfkgx

Gxubhtfx wrb

hfkxndbpgk bkog hfmupg dbsbogx+

-Bo dnxbf/ wrbbxtb `nbktpg`gigdf+

-Upbhnfx gifx+

-Mfdbofx kfhfksbkhnfkgobx+

-Bo upfdrhtfsbkag bk hgigx f`foxgx+

-Fofpbxgapgdg`obx bk ogsbog+

Upbhnfx gifx+

Upbxbktgp rk`rbk upfdrhtf/mr~ `nbktpg`gigdf ~xf`pbtfdf wrb

bxt go gohgkhbdbo `foxnoof+

Og bktpbag xbghfk rk sgofpgapbagdf+

Hfofpbx dbsbogx+

- Gmgpnoof+- Sbpdb+- Pfif+- Pfxgdf+- @ogkhf+

Hfofp kbapfXbarnp sgpngkdf~ mbyhogkdfhfofpbx *mnztfx.+

Gdbmx hg`b pbhgohgp wrb mbdngktb og f`xbpsghnk xb urdf sbp abxtfx dbnmupbxnk/ gobapg/ gapgdf go hfkfhbp bo upfdrhtf/ ~ mrhjgx sbhbx dnibpfk kfjg`bp snxtf goak upfdrhtf xnmnogp go krbxtpf bk og hnrdgd *Hjnhog~f./ ~ mr~hfktbktfx+


16/68


Uankg 73

3+0+3+ Hfkhorxnfkbx dbo Cfhrx Apfru+

Bk hrgktf g og gdwrnxnhnk db sbogx ofx honbktbx kbhbxntgk rkgupbxbktghnk dbtgoonxtg ~ hfk mr~ `rbkfx ghg`gdfx+

Dgpgk rxf hfmf ufp mftnsfx/ pbrknfkbx/ f`xbwrnfx ~ `rbk fofp gogm`nbktb db og hgxg+

Tnuf db sbogx wrb xb hfmupgk bx db ghrbpdf go rxf db ofx honbktbx+ Ugpgpbogighnk rxgpgk sbogx gpfmtnhgx ugpg pbrknfkbx xfhngobx ~ pbonanfxgxrxgpgk sbogx dbhfpgtnsgx

Db ghrbpdf go dnxbf ~ cfpmgtf db upbxbktghnk db ogx sbogx/ kf xb tnbkbrk ugtpk+

Pbxubhtf go hfofp upbcnbpbk gdbmx db tbkbp ofx hfofpbx hoxnhfx/ rkgmbyhog db hfofpbx+

Ofx oragpbx wrb upbcnbpbk hfmupgp ogx sbogx xbpg bk hbktpfxhfmbphngobx/ oragpbx hktpnhfx+

Gxubhtfx wrb hfkxndbpgk bk og hfmupg db sbogx xb `gxgk bk upbxbktgprk `rbk upfdrhtf/ mr~ `nbk tpg`gigdf ~ xf`pbtfdf wrb bxt go gohgkhbdbo `foxnoof+

Ofx dbtgoobx bk bo upfdrhtf xnbmupb mgphgk og dncbpbkhng ~ bxtf jghbwrb ogx ubpxfkgx xb cnibk bk bo upfdrhtf+

Xb ofap gkgonygp og ubphbuhnk db ogx ubpxfkgx xf`pb o upfdrhtf dbsbogx tgoogdgx+

3+8+ BKTPBSNXTGOg bktpbsnxtg hfkxnxtb bk rk dngofaf bktpb dfx ubpxfkgx hfk cnkbx nkcfpmgtnsfx/dbxhr`pnp mftnsghnfkbx/ hpbbkhngx/ ghtntrdbx ~ xbktnmnbktfx nmuohntfx xf`pb rktbmg+ Kf xfof ubpmntb pbhfabp ndbgx/ funknfkbx ~ dnxtnktgx sbpxnfkbx db ofxjbhjfx/ xnkf tgm`nk ufkb bk hfktghtf go obhtfp db cfpmg dnpbhtg hfk ogx crbktbxdb og nkcfpmghnk+

3+8+7+ Tnuf db BktpbsnxtgOg bktpbsnxtg g pbgonygp sg jghbp db tnuf nkdnsndrgo ~g wrb bx mx hfkcndbkhngo ~xb sg jghbp dnpbhtgmbktb go abpbktb db og bmupbxg GPTB BK SBOGX UBPR/ ofhrgo kfx sg g~rdgp g ofapgp rkg hfmrknhghnk db mg~fp upfcrkdndgd hfk bobktpbsnxtgdf+

3+8+0+ Mfdgondgdbx db bktpbsnxtgOg mfdgondgd g rtnonygp bx db bktpbsnxtg nkcfpmgo f hfksbkhnfkgo/ of hrgo ogbzuofpghnk sg jghbp db mgkbpg abkbpgo/ ~ bo tbmg g tpgtgp kf pbwrnbpb db rkgarg of hrgo sg jghbp mx cobzn`ob ~ kbafhng`ob og bktpbsnxtg+


17/68


Uankg 71

3+8+8+ BtgugxBtgug N9 Uogkncnhghnk Fìbtnsfx

- Bxtgòbhbp rkg `rbkg pboghnk hfk bo bktpbsnxtgdf+-

Bxtnmrogp og bzupbxnk sbp`go- Bxhrhjgp/ snsbkhngp ~ f`xbpsgp go bktpbsnxtgdf+- F`tbkbp og nkcfpmghnk bxubpgdg dbo bktpbsnxtgdf/ upbugpgkdf tgktf ogx

upbarktgx hfmf bo mgtbpngo+

Tnuf db upbarktgxOfx tnufx db upbarktgx g rtnonygp xfk ogx db jbhjfx ~ ghhnfkbx+ Ogxupbarktgx db jbhjf sgk g ubpmntnp hfkfhbp b ndbktncnhgp mx og bmupbxg dbGPTB BK SBOGX UBPR+Ogx upbarktgx db ghhnfkbx ubpmntbk ndbktncnhgp of wrb unbkxg bo abpbktbbktpbsnxtgdf ghbphg dbo hfmufptgmnbktf db xr bmupbxg bk bo mbphgdf+

Btgug NN9 BktpbsnxtgBktpbsnxtg go Abpbktb Abkbpgo db Gptb bk Sbogx Ubp B+N+P+O+

Kfm`pb db og Bmupbxg9Gptb bk Sbogx Ubp B+N+P+O+ Bktpbsnxtgdf9 Igkhbo Mgkrbo Ugoghnfx Hfkhjg Bktpbsnxtgdfp9 Onongkg Pgcgbo @grtnxtg Drpghnk9 88 mnkrtfx Cbhjg db Bktpbsnxtg9 X`gdf/ 04 db Xbtnbm`pb dbo 0570

Fìbtnsf db og bktpbsnxtg

F`tbkbp nkcfpmghnk ghbphg db og bmupbxg+ Nktbpupbtgp hfksbknbktbmbktb og nkcfpmghnk f`tbkndg+ Bsgorgp ofx dgtfx b nmupbxnfkbx hgutrpgdgx+ Hfkfhbp xr tgpabt+ Pbgonygp rk nkcfpmb db bsgorghnk fìbtnsf+


18/68


Uankg 7:

Upbarktgx ~ Pbxurbxtgx+g+ Hrktf tnbmuf GPTB BK SBOGX UBPR bxt upbxbktb bk bo mbphgdf6

GPTB BK SBOGX UBPR hfmbky hfmf rkg ndbg db kbafhnf bo gf db 0575/ ~dbxdb bktfkhbx jg ndf hpbhnbkdf hfkxtgktbmbktb/ ofapgkdf wrb hgdg ubpxfkgxb mgpgsnoob hfk xrx dnxbfx ~ mfdbofx knhfx db tgoogdf+

`+ Hmf kghn og ndbg db kbafhnf6Og ndbg kghn rkg kfhjb wrb mb bkhfktpg`g mnpgkdf bo hgkgo db Dnxhfsbp~Hjgkkbo/ mnp hfmf xb jghgk bxtb tnuf db sbogx+ Mb bkhgktf og ndbg/ ~g wrbf`xbps wrb bpg goaf mr~ chno db jghbp ~ wrb ~f ufdpg dbxgppfoogpof+ Gdbmxbpg goaf kfsbdfxf ~g wrb bk bo Ubp grk kf xb dbxgppfoog`g/ tgk xfof xbdbxgppfoog`g bk ugxbx db Brpfug ~ BB+RR/ ~ of mbifp wrb bpg goaf wrb gtpggmrhjf g xnmuob snxtg ufp og sgpnbdgd db hfofpbx ~ ofx cnkfx hfptbx wrb xb jghgk+Bx bktfkhbx/ dfkdb apghngx go nktbpkbt crn hfungkdf goarkfx mfdbofx/ b n`g

ubpcbhhnfkgkdf og thknhg dbo tgoogdf wrb bx of mx hfmuonhgdf+

h+ Wr tnuf db sbogx dbxgppfoog6Ogx sbogx wrb dbxgppfoog GPTB BK SBOGX UBPR bx db tnuf dbhfpgtnsg/ bk oghrgo og thknhg g rtnonygp bx db tgoogdf g mgkf/ og hrgo xb tpg`gig hfk dfx tnufx dbtgoogdf db sbogx rkg wrb xfk ogx mfkgphgx of hrgo xfk db 8 tgmgfx og ubwrbgdb 70hm/ og mbdngkg wrb bx db 73 hm ~ og apgkdb db 05 hm/ ~ ofx hgkdbog`pfxdb rk xfof tgmgf+

d+ Wr tnuf db hfofpbx pbxgotgk mx bk xrx tgoogdfx6Ofx hfofpbx wrb guonhgmfx gwr xfk ofx hfofpbx upnmgpnfx tgobx hfmf gyrobx/pfifx ~ gmgpnoofx< ~ xbhrkdgpnfx tgobx hfmf mfpgdf/ sbpdbx/ hfofpbx ugxtbobx/bth+ Ubpf bk bxubhngo ofx hfofpbx of dbcnkbk ofx honbktbx+ Boofx mbdngktb ubdndfxbonabk wrb hfofp ~ dnxbf upbcnbpbk bk xrx sbogx+

b+ Wr gpfmgx r fofpbx xfk ofx wrb dbxgppfoogk bk xr upfdrhtf6Ofx gpfmgx wrb dbxgppfoogmfx mgx xfk og mgkygknoog/ ~ ogsgkdg wrb xfk ogxmx hfmrkbx/ ubpf xn bo honbktb dbxbg ftpfx gpfmgx tgobx hfmf g pfxgx/hjfhfogtb/ bth+/ xb obx jghb bo ubdndf of hrgo nkhrppb bk ftpfx hfxtfx+

c+ Wr jbppgmnbktgx db tpg`gif rtnonyg6Ogx upnkhnugobx jbppgmnbktgx wrb xb rtnonygk xfk rk hrhjnoof tgoogdfp/ bxubhngougpg tgoogp bk og ugpgcnkg/ of hrgo og hrpsgtrpg sg g ubpmntnp rk tgoogdf knhf+Ftpg jbppgmnbktg g rtnonygp xfk rkfx mfodbx ugpg jghbp ofx khobfx dbdncbpbktbx tgmgfx/ ~ go cnkgo rk jnof bxubhngo ugpg jghbp og mbhjg og hrgo/ gomfmbktf db wrbmgpxb/ kf db`b abkbpgp jrmf+


19/68


Uankg 7>

a+ Dkdb gdwrnbpb xr mgtbpng upnmg6Og upnkhnugo mgtbpng upnmg wrb bx og ugpgcnkg ~ ofx gdntnsfx wrmnhfx ofxf`tbkbmfx db Onmg/ hfmf tgm`nk db bxb oragp ubdnmfx ofx dncbpbktbx tnufx dbgpfmgx ~ hfofpbx+ Gpfmgx hfmf xfk ogx mx hfmrkbx ogsgkdg ~ mgkygknoog+Ofx hfofpbx upnmgpnfx wrb xfk ofx mx hfxtfxfx ofx hrgobx xfk9 pfif/ gyro ~gmgpnoof+

j+ Hro bx xr xbambktghnk db mbphgdf6Bxtb tnuf db sbogx dbhfpgtnsgx bxt dnpnandf upnkhnugombktb g ogx gmgx db hgxgwrb xfk gmgktbx db og dbhfpghnk/ tgm`nk g gwrboogx ubpxfkgx wrb wrnbpgkpbagogp goaf dncbpbktb ~ crbpg db of hfmk xnk ubpdbp bo tfwrb db rk pbagof+

n+ Bxt bk xrx uogkbx og gubptrpg db rkg xrhrpxgo6 Bk dfkdb og dbxgppfoogpg6Bk ofx uogkbx db tfdg bmupbxg ~ db tfdf krbsf kbafhnf bxt bo hpbhnmnbktf dbbxtg ~ sbp og cfpmg db hfmf bzugkdnpxb ~ hpbgp krbsgx xrhrpxgobx/ ubpf g sbhbx

bxtf kf bx ufxnòb ufp dncbpbktbx upfòbmgx kf upbsnxtfx gktbx db dbxgppfoogp bokbafhnf+ Bx ufp bxf wrb xn bx wrb futf ufp rkg krbsg xrhrpxgo/ kf xbpg bk oghnrdgd db Hjnhog~f+ Ofx hjnhog~gkfx kf xfk gmgktbx db ogx sbogx dbhfpgtnsgx ~futgk mgx ufp ftpf tnuf db dbhfpghnfkbx< gktbx db futgp ufp bo dbxgppfoof db rkgxrhrpxgo/ upbsnf g bxtf dbxgppfoogpg rk bxtrdnf db mbphgdf ugpg f`tbkbp uobkgxbarpndgd db og ghfandg db mn upfdrhtf/ ~ ofx oragpbx ugpg dbxgppfoogp bxtbupfdrhtf xbpng Tprinoof/ Onmg f Unrpg ~g wrb bk bxfx oragpbx ogx ubpxfkgx tnbkbkarxtf ufp og dbhfpghnk db sbogx ~ gdbmx bznxtbk tnbkdgx bzhorxnsgmbktb dbbxtb upfdrhtf+

3+8+4+ Hfkhorxnfkbx db og Bktpbsnxtg Bk og bktpbsnxtg jbhjg go abpbktb xb f`trsf og nkcfpmghnk kbhbxgpng ~dbxbgdg/ xnpsnbkdf db apgk g~rdg ugpg hfktnkrgp hfk og nksbxtnaghnk dbmbphgdf+

Ofx mgtbpngobx xb f`tbkdpk db Onmg/ go nargo wrb ofx hfofpbx ~ gpfmgx+ BoAbpbktb kfx mbkhnfkf rk oragp/ wrb db`ndf g og hfmubtbkhng ~ pbxubtgkdf xrhfkcngkyg dbufxntgdg bk kfxftpfx/ kf xb pbsbogpg bo kfm`pb bk bo tpg`gif+

Ofx mbphgdfx g bsgorgp upznmgmbktb xbpngk Tprinoof/ Onmg ~ Unrpg+ Bk bxfxoragpbx jg~ abktb wrb tnbkbk arxtf ufp og dbhfpghnk bk sbogx/ ~ ogx sbogxtgoogdgx xbpngk rkg bzhbobktb fuhnk ugpg boofx+ Gdbmx bznxtb tnbkdgxbzhorxnsgmbktb db sbogx/ ubpf kf db sbogx tgoogdgx+

Xbak bo Abpbktb/ bk ogx cbhjgx pbonanfxgx jg~ mx dbmgkdg db sbogx ~ ogabktb jghb dnsbpxfx ubdndfx db nmabkbx db xgktfx+ Hjnhog~f bx rkg hnrdgdmr~ hpb~bktb/ go nargo wrb ofx dnxtpntfx db Mfkxbcr/ Xgktg Pfxg ~ Mftrub/ bkdfkdb bznxtb dncbpbktbx cbhjgx dkdb pbxgotg og cb db ofx hnrdgdgkfx/ ufp of

hrgo xn xbpg pbktgòb tgoogp sbogx db xgktfx wrb ndbktncnwrb g hgdg ufòghnkdb Hjnhog~f+


20/68


Uankg 05

SNN+ NKSBXTNAGHNK HFKHOR^BKTB ^ DBXHPNUTNSG

1+7+ DbcnknhnkOg nksbxtnaghnk hfkhor~bktb kfx cghnontgpg og tfmg db dbhnxnfkbx go tbpmnkgp bogkonxnx db ofx pbxrotgdfx/ bsgorgp ~ xbobhhnfkgp bo mbifp hrpxf db ghhnk gktb ogxntrghnk dgdg+ Bk boog/ hfppf`fpgp bo ghtnfk xtgkdgpd ~ xb bzgmnkgp og pboghnkbktpb ogx sgpngòbx+ Bo ghtnfk xtgkdgpd bx og jbppgmnbktg wrb fpnbktg ~ dbonmntg ognksbxtnaghnk+

Bxtg nksbxtnaghnk hfkhor~bktb xb hgpghtbpnyg ufp upfsbbp nkcfpmghnk dbcnkndgurktrgombktb/ bo upfhbxf db og nksbxtnaghnk bx cfpmgo ~ bxtprhtrpgdf/ og mrbxtpgwrb jbmfx rtnonygdf bx kf upf`g`noxtnhg/ ~ bo gkonxnx db ofx dgtfx bx hrgktntgtnsf+Ofx pbxrotgdfx wrb f`trsnmfx db og nksbxtnaghnk xfk dbcnkntnsfx+

1+0+ Fìbtnsfx db og Bkhrbxtg1+0+7+ Fìbtnsf Abkbpgo

F`tbkbp nkcfpmghnk kbhbxgpng ufp mbdnf db og bkhrbxtg db ofx arxtfx ~upbcbpbkhngx dbo uònhf fìbtnsf/ hfk pbxubhtf g ogx sbogx tgoogdgx bk ogrp`gknyghnk Xgktg Snhtfpng+

1+0+0+ Fìbtnsf BxubhncnhfDbtbpmnkgp bo ufphbktgib db ubpxfkgx wrb bxtgpgk dnxurbxtfx gdwrnpnp bxtb

upfdrhtf+Gkgonygp hro bx bo rxf upnkhnugo wrb ogx ubpxfkgx dgk g ogx sbogx+

Dbtbpmnkgp ofx upnkhnugobx bxtgòbhnmnbktfx db hfmupg wrb upbcnbpbk ogxubpxfkgx+

Hfkfhbp og hfm`nkghnk db hfofpbx wrb upbcnbpbk

Gkgonygp wr tnufx db gpfmgx bx of wrb mx upbcnbpbk+

Nkdgagp og upbxbktghnk bk ogx wrb wrnxnbpg gdwrnpnp bxtb upfdrhtf+

Dbtbpmnkgp bo upbhnf wrb bxtgpg dnxurbxtf g ugagp ufp bo upfdrhtf+

Dbtbpmnkgp og bxtpgtbang db mgplbtnka mx upfunhng ugpg bo hfkfhnmnbktf mgxnsfdb sbogx tgoogdgx+

1+8+ Hgtbafpgx rtnonygdgx

1+8+7+ Drpghnk

Gupfznmgdgmbktb 75 mnkrtfx ufp ubpxfkg

1+8+0+ Mfdf

Bo upfhbdnmnbktf ugpg bkhrbxtgp crb jbhjf bk ofx oragpbx mx hfmf xug/hbktpfx hfmbphngobx/ naobxng/ bkhrbktpfx bk ogx hgoobx/ hg`b pbxgotgp wrb tfdfxboofx crbpfk ubpxfkgobx+


21/68


Uankg 07

1+8+8+ Tnufx db upbarktgx+

Xb rtnonygpfk upbarktgx xbmng`nbptgx/ g`nbptgx ~ hbppgdgx ogx hrgobx xb dbtgoogkg hfktnkrghnk9- Ugpg ogx upbarktgx dnhftmnhgx9

7+ Rxtbd hfmupg sbogx6

X Kf- Ugpg ogx upbarktgx xbmng`nbptgx

0+ Hfk wr cpbhrbkhng hfmupg6

Rkg sby ufp xbmgkg

Hgdg 72 dgx

7 sby ufp mbx

Krkhg

Ftpg9 VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV

8+ Hrgkdf Rd+ hfmupg sbogx/ Wr hgktndgd hfmupg6

7 0

Bktpb 0 ~ 4

Bktpb 3 ~ :

Ftpfx9 VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV4+ Wr tnuf db sbog upbcnbpb6

Hfmrkbx

Gpfmtnhgx

Dbhfpgtnsgx ~ Gpfmtnhgx

Ftpgx9 VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV

2+ Hfk wr f`ibtnsf rxg sbogx6

Normnkgp

Gpfmgtnygp

Dbhfpghnk

Hpbgp rk gm`nbktb pfmktnhf

Pbogighnk Ftpfx9 VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV

3+ Wr tnuf db gpfmgx upbcnbpb bk ogx sbogx6

Xkdgof

Pfmbpf

Pfxgx

Ogsgkdg

Brhgonutf Mgkygknoog

Mbktg

Unkf

Ftpfx9VVVVVVVVVVVVVVV


22/68


Uankg 00

1+ Wr upbhnf bxtgpg dnxurbxtf g ugagp db ghrbpdf go tgmgf db bxtbupfdrhtf6

Mbdngkgx

X&+72+55 g X&+7:+55

X&+7>+55 g X&+00+55

X&+08+55 g X&+03+55

Ftpf


23/68


Uankg 08

77+ Wr cfpmgtf hfkxndbpg gdbhrgdf ugpg bxtb upfdrhtf6

Ughl db 0 rkd+

Ughl db 3 rkd+

Nkdnsndrgo

Ftpf9VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV

- Ugpg upbarktgx hbppgdgx hfk fuhnk motnuob9

70+ Wr funknk ob mbpbhb sbogx tgoogdgx6

Mr~ nktbpbxgktb

Nktbpbxgktb

Ufhf Nktbpbxgktb

Kgdg Nktbpbxgktb

Kbrtpf

78+ Hmf upbcnbpb wrb xbgk ofx hfofpbx db ogx sbogx tgoogdgx6

Db rk xfof hfofp

Db dfx hfofpbx

Db tpbx hfofpbx

Mx db tpbx hfofpbx

74+ Wr tgmgf db sbogx upbcnbpb6Ubwrbgx

Mbdngkgx

Apgkdbx

72+ Rxtbd bxtgpg dnxurbxtf gdwrnpnp ogx sbogx tgoogdgx6

Dbcnkntnsgmbktb X

Bk drdg

Dbcnkntnsgmbktb Kf

73+ Tnbkb bk hrbktg bo bksfotfpnf db ogx sbogx6/ Xn bx wrb mgphgxb xnpbxufkdg og upbarktg 7: db of hfktpgpnf ugxb g og 7>+

X

Kf

Kf unbkxg/ Kf funkg

71+ Hro bx xr bdgd6Mbkfx db 7: gfx

Db 7> g 85 gfx

Db 87 g 42 gfx

Db 43 g 35 gfx

Mgx db 35 gfx


24/68


Uankg 04

- Ugpg upbarktgx g`nbptgx9

7:+ Wr hfofpbx obx arxtgpg wrb tbkag6 Xfof pbxufkdg rkf/ dbghrbpdf g of wrb mgphf bk og upbarktg :

7>+ Ufp wr6

05+ Wr gxubhtf nmufptgktb ob arxtgpg bkhfktpgp bk ogx sbogx tgoogdgx6

1+8+4+ Mbdnhnk Hpntbpnfx

Xfk rtnonygdfx ugpg og mbdnhnk og sgondby ontbpgo ~g wrb pbcobig bk cfpmgoanhg ~ bzghtg of wrb xb upfufkb mbdnp+ Gx tgm`nk xb mbkhnfkg oghfkcng`nondgd/ ~g wrb xb upfufphnfkg pbxrotgdfx db og nksbxtnaghnk

hfkxnxtbktb ubpf hfk goak mgpabk db bppfp ufp xbp kf upf`g`noxtnhf ogmrbxtpg+

Bxhgogx rtnonygdgx

Og bxhgog rtnonygdg bx bxhgog kf hfmugpgtnsg/ bk og wrb hgdg rkf db krbxtpfbkhrbxtgdf bsgor db mgkbpg nkdbubkdnbktb pbxubhtf g krbxtpf upfdrhtf+Ugpg xbp mgx bxubhncnhf bx bo hgxf db og upbarktg K 51 wrb bxtg gkbzgdg gocnkgo bk og bkhrbxtg+


25/68


Uankg | 02

1+8+2+ Mrbxtpbf

1+8+2+7+ Ufòghnk

Bobmbktf9 Mribpbx mg~fpbx db 7: gfx+

Rkndgd db mrbxtpbf9 Mribpbx wrb xbgk gmgktbx db og dbhfpghnk+

Gohgkhb9 Hnrdgd db Hjnhog~f+

Tnbmuf9 Kfsnbm`pb 0570+

Rkndgd mrbxtpg - btgugx

Btgug 79 Hjnhog~f

Btgug 09 Ufp knsbobx xfhnfbhfkmnhfxBtgug 89 Mribpbx mg~fpbx db 7: gfx+

1+8+2+0+ Mgphf Mrbxtpgo+Bo mgphf mgbxtpgo kf xb urdf f`tbkbp/ ufp bkdb bx wrb jbmfx bobandfmrbxtpbf ufp hfkaofmbpgdfx wrb gdbmx db xbp upf`g`noxtnhf ubpmntbr`nhgp krbxtpf uònhf ufp ofx oragpbx mx hfkhrppndgx hfmf bk hbktpfxhfmbphngobx/ anmkgxnfx ~ xugx+ Of dbtgoogmfx g hfktnkrghnk9

Btgug 79 Hjnhog~f *Crbktbx bxtgdxtnhgx.+Btgug 09 Rp`gknyghnfkbx *Mgug db og rp`gknyghnk.Btgug 89 hbktpfx hfmbphngobx/ anmkgxnfx ~ xugBtgug 49 Mribpbx mg~fpbx db 7: gfx *NKBN.

1+8+2+8+ Mtfdf db mrbxtpbfBo mtfdf bxhfandf crb bo mrbxtpbf upf`g`noxtnhf/ ugpg xbp mx bxubhcnhfxmrbxtpbf ufp hfkaofmbpgdfx/

1+8+2+4+ Tgmgf db mrbxtpg

Hfmf xb dbxhfkfhb bo tgmgf db og ufòghnk og cpmrog wrb xb sg rxgp ugpghgohrogp bo tgmgf db mrbxtpg bx9

Bk dfkdb/


26/68


Uankg | 03

y = knsbo db hfkcngkyg+u = upf`g`nondgd db zntf/ f upfufphnk bxubpgdgw = upf`g`nondgd db cpghgxfb = bppfp mznmf gdmnxn`ob

Ufp bkdb xb tfmgp rk Knsbo db hfkcngkyg db >2/ rk bppfp db 2/ og upfufphnkbxubpgdg< bx dbhnp og upf`g`nondgd db zntf ~ db cpghgxf xb gxrmb rk 25 ugpghgdg rkf+

Bktfkhbx9 y = 7+>3 *hfkcngkyg bx dbo >2.

u = upfufphnk bxubpgdg *bk bxtb hgxf 25 = 5+2. w = 7 u *bk bxtb hgxf 7 5+2 = 5+2.

b = bppfp *bk bxtb hgxf dbxbgmfx rk 2.

k =

k = 8:4 ubpxfkgx

Ugpg bo dbxgppfoof db bxtg nksbxtnaghnk/ xb tfmgp rkg mrbxtpg db 8:4ubpxfkgx wrb snsgk bk og hnrdgd db Hjnhog~f/ ogx hrgobx xbpk bobandgxufp hfkaofmbpgdfx+

1+8+3+ GKONXNX B NKTBPUPBTGHNK DB OFX PBXROTGDFX

Bk bxtb urktf mfxtpgpg ofx pbxrotgdf dbo Apcnhf ~ tg`rogp db hgdg upbarktg db/ mg~fpnmufptgkhng db og bkhrbxtg ~ g hfktnkrghnk xr nktbpupbtghnk hfppbxufkdnbktb ugpgufdbp dbtbpmnkgp og hfkhorxnk cnkgo db og bkhrbxtg hfmf gufptb dbo tpg`gif bkhfkirktf+

Bx kbhbxgpnf dbxtghgp wrb ofx pbxrotgdfx gwr bzurbxtf xfk ogx wrb jbmfxhfkxndbpgdf ofx mx nmufptgktbx xnk bxhgtnmgp og nmufptgkhng db ogx dbmx

upbarktgx/ ~g wrb boogx xfk hfmuobmbktgpngx g krbxtpf upnkhnugobx nkwrnbtrdbx+

Db ghrbpdf g ogx bkhrbxtgx pbgonygdgx xb f`tnbkb ofx xnarnbktbx bk crkhnk db hgdgrkg db ogx upbarktgx bog`fpgdgx+


27/68


Uankg | 01

7+ Gkonxnx db og hfmupg db sbogx bk og hnrdgd db Hjnhog~f+

Apcnhf K 579 Hgktndgd db ubpxfkgx wrb bxtk dnxurbxtfx hfmupgp sbogx+

Crbktb9 Bog`fpghnk Upfung

Bo tftgo db mribpbx bkhrbxtgdgx crbpfk 8:4+

045 mribpbx mbkhnfkgpfk wrb XN hfmupg`gk sbogx/ wrb bwrnsgob g rk30+

744 ubpxfkgx mbkhnfkgpfk wrb KF hfmupg`gk sbogx/ of wrb bwrnsgog rk

8:+Bxtb apcnhf mrbxtpg wrb bk og hnrdgd db Hjnhog~f jg~ rk apruf xnakncnhgktb dbubpxfkgx wrb kf hfmupg sbogx ugpg knkak rxf/ ubpf jg~ rk apruf gk mxapgkdb wrb xn jghb rxf db sbogx wrb sgk db ogx tpgdnhnfkgobx/ g ogx sbogxdbhfpgtnsgx ~ ubpcrmgdgx+

0+ Gkonxnx hfk og cpbhrbkhng wrb hfmupgk ogx sbogx+

Tg`og K 579 ogx sbhbx wrb gdwrnbpb ogx sbogx+SGPNG@OB CPBHRBKHNG

G@XFORTG

CPBHRBKHNG

PBOGTNSG "Rkg sby ufp xbmgkg 00 >Hgdg 72 dgx 85 787 sby ufp mbx 740 2>Krkhg 4 0Ftpfx 40 7:TFTGO 045 ubpxfkgx


30

8:

X

Kf


28/68


Uankg | 0:

Apcnhf K 509 Cpbhrbkhng hfk og wrb hfmupgk ogx sbogx+


Db ghrbpdf g og cpbhrbkhng db hfmupg db sbogx db ogx 045 ubpxfkgx/ bo 2> wrbxfk 747 ubpxfkgx wrb hfmupg sbogx rkg sby go mbx+ Bxtb bx rk kmbpf `gxtgktbapgkdb dfkdb mb nkdnhg wrb mg~fpmbktb ogx ubpxfkgx gdwrnbpbk ogx sbogx bkfhgxnfkbx f bk mfmbktfx bxubhngobx+ 87 ubpxfkgx wrb bx bo 78 db ufòghnkbkhrbxtgdg hfmupg sbogx hgdg 72 dgx+ Bxtb uogk db hfkxrmf ~g bxt bxtgòbhndf~ ogx ubpxfkgx wrb hfmupgk bxtb tnuf db sbogx obx arxtgk og dbhfpghnk/ ~ pbogigpxbhfk ofx gpfmgx+ Ogx ubpxfkgx wrb hfmupgk rkg sby ufp xbmgkg bx rk apruf mr~ubwrbf wrb tgk xfof xfk 07 ubpxfkgx db ofx 045 wrb bx bo > dbo tftgo db

ubpxfkgx bkhrbxtgdgx+ Ogx ubpxfkgx wrb tnbkbk bxtg cpbhrbkhng db hfkxrmf xfkgmgktbx db og dbhfpghnk/ ~ obx arxtg upbkdbp rkg sbog hgdg sby wrb xbbkhrbktpbk hfk tbkxnk f bxtpbxgdgx ~g wrb bxtb fofp obx pbogigp+ Dbo tftgo dbubpxfkgx bkhrbxtgdgx jg~ 4 ubpxfkgx wrb kf hfkxndbpgk tbkbp rkg cpbhrbkhng dbhfkxrmf ~g wrb xn jgk oobagdf g hfmupgp rkg sbog tpgdnhnfkgo bx ugpg normnkgpxb bkhgxf db wrb xb sg~g og ory/ f rxgp og oogmg db bxtg sbog ugpg hrgowrnbp tpg`gif+ Ftpfapruf kf mr~ ubwrbf dnf ftpgx fuhnfkbx db cpbhrbkhng hfmf xfk rkg sby go gf/hrgkdf xb sg og ory/ f hgdg tpbx mbxbx+

8+ Gkonxnx db og hgktndgd db sbogx wrb hfmupg+

Tgòg K 509 hgktndgd db sbogx wrb hfmupg+

SGPNG@OB CPBHRBKHNG G@XFORTG CPBHRBKHNGPBOGTNSG "7 0 70: 28

Bktpb 0 ~ 4 13 80Bktpb 3 ~ : 88 74

Ftpfx *Rkg hgig/ dfxhgigx/ rkg dfhbkg.

8 7

TFTGO 045Crbktb9 Bog`fpghnk Upfung


29/68


Uankg | 0>

Apcnhf K 589 Hgktndgd db sbogx wrb hfmupgk


Db ogx 045 ubpxfkgx xfof 701 wrb bx bo 28 dbo tftgo hfmupg 7 f 0 sbogx hfmf xbf`xbpsg bk ofx pbxrotgdfx bo ufdbp gdwrnxntnsf db sbogx db ogx ubpxfkgx db Hjnhog~fbx mr~ ufhg/ ~ mx db og mntgd db ubpxfkgx upbcnbpb hfmupgp 7 mznmf 0 sbogx ~gwrb kf jghb rxf cpbhrbktb db bxtb upfdrhtf/ ubpf jg~ ftpf apruf xnakncnhgktb db 13ubpxfkgx wrb bx bo 80 dbo tftgo wrb tnbkb rk ufdbp db gdwrnxnhnk db sbogxpbarogp/ boogx hfmupgk bktpb 0 jgxtg rk mznmf db 4 sbogx/ g bxtgx mribpbx obxarxtg og dbhfpghnk/ ~ gpfmgtnygp xrx jfagpbx+ Bo 78 wrb xfk 87ubpxfkgx dbo tftgo

bkhrbxtgdf hfmupg 3 jgxtg rk mznmf db : sbogx/ bxtgx ubpxfkgx tnbkb rk gotfufdbp gdwrnxntnsf db hfmupg/ g bxtgx mribpbx obx gugxnfkg og dbhfpghnk ~ oggpfmgtbpgung hfk sbogx+ Rk apruf mr~ ubwrbf db mribpbx wrb pbupbxbktg bo 7dbo tftgo hfmupg sbogx bk hgigx ~ ufp dfhbkgx+

4+ Gkonxnx dbo tnuf db sbogx wrb upbcnbpbk+

Tg`og K 589 Tnuf db sbogx wrb upbcnbpbk+

SGPNG@OB CPBHRBKHNGG@XFORTGCPBHRBKHNGPBOGTNSG "

Hfmrkbx 31 0:Gpfmtnhgx 33 0:Dbhfpgtnsgx ~ Gpfmtnhgx 752 44Ftpfx 0 7TFTGO 045Crbktb9 Bog`fpghnk Upfung

2880

747 7 0

Bktpb 0 ~ 4

Bktpb 3 ~ :

Ftpfx *Rkg hgig/ dfx hgigx/rkg dfhbkg.


30/68


Uankg | 85

Apcnhf K 549 Dbo tnuf db sbogx wrb upbcnbpbk


Bo 44 wrb xfk 752 ubpxfkgx db ogx 045 bkhrbxtgdgx/ wrb bx rk kmbpf `gxtgktbxnakncnhgktb upbcnbpbk ogx sbogx ugpg dbhfpghnk ~ gpfmgtnyghnk db gm`nbktbx/bznxtb rkg nargodgd dbo 0:wrb xfk 31 dbo tftgo db ubpxfkgx bkhrbxtgdf wrbtnbkbk rkg pbarogp upbcbpbkhng bktpb sbogx hfmrkbx ~ gpfmtnhgx/ bxtg nargodgd xbdg ufpwrb bznxtbk mrhjgx mribpbx wrb futgk ufp of tpgdnhnfkgo hfk pbxubhtf gmfdbofx db sbogx+ Ogx mribpbx upbcnbpbk sbogx db hfofpbx f db dncbpbktbx tgmgfx

hrgdpgdgx/ pbdfkdgx bth+ Ubpf jg~ ftpf apruf ugpbhndf wrb gugptb db tbkbp rkgsbog tbkag goaf gdnhnfkgo hfmf bx bo db dncbpbktbx gpfmgx ugpg pbogighnk fgpfmgtnyghnk db gm`nbktbx+ ^ ftpf apruf mr~ ubwrbf wrb pbupbxbktg bo 7 dbotftgo upbcnbpb ftpf tnuf db sbogx tgobx hfmf ugpg mnxg bk og naobxng+

2+ F`ibtnsf hfk wrb rxg ogx sbogx+

Tg`og K 549 Rxf wrb dgk g ogx sbogx+

SGPNG@OB

CPBHRBKHNG

G@XFORTG

CPBHRBKHNG

PBOGTNSG "Normnkgp :3 03Gpfmgtnygp >2 0>Pbogighnk ~ Mbdntghnk 27 73Dbhfpghnk 15 07Hpbgp rk gm`nbktb pfmktnhf 7: 3Ftpfx *Nmabkbx db xgktfx/ pbonanfxfx/ bth+. 3 0Crbktb9 Bog`fpghnk Upfung

0:

0:

44

7 Hfmrkbx

Gpfmgtnhgx

Dbhfpgtnsgx ~Gpfmtnhgx

Ftpgx


31/68


Uankg | 87

Apcnhf K 529 Mftnsf ufp ofx wrb rxgx sbogx


Bo 0>+3> wrb xfk 17 ubpxfkgx db ogx 045 bkhrbxtgdgx rxg sbogx ugpg gpfmgtnygpgm`nbktbx/ ogx mribpbx upbcnbpbk bxtgx sbogx hfk dncbpbktbx gpfmgx/ ufpwrb obxarxtg hpbgp bk xr gjfagp rk gm`nbktb gapgdg`ob ~ ghfabdfp/ ~ gx dnxcpgygpgoarkfx mgofx fofpbx db og hgxg/ wrb ~g urbdb sbknp db gm`nbktbx db og hfhnkg fdbo `gf+ Rk apruf mr~ xnakncnhgktb wrb hfkcfpmgk bo 03+:: wrb xfk 34ubpxfkgx dbo tftgo bkhrbxtgdf rxgk ogx sbogx tpgdnhnfkgobx wrb tnbkbk hfmf cnk

otnmf normnkgp xrx jfagpbx cpbktb g hrgowrnbp upf`obmg bohtpnhf+ Bo 07+:: wrbxfk 20 ubpxfkgx dbo tftgo bkhrbxtgdf rxgk ogx sbogx ugpg dbhfpghnk db gm`nbktbx/ofx tnufx db sbogx g rtnonygp ugpg bxtg dbhfpghnk xfk db nkcnkndgd db tgmgfx ~hfofpbx ~ hfk dnxtnktgx guonhghnfkbx bztpgx+ Bo 72/>4 wrb xfk 8: bkhrbxtgdfx dbotftgo rxgk ogx sbogx hfk gpfmgx pbogigktbx ugpg tbpgungx db pbogighnk ~ mbdntghnk/ugpg bxtb tnuf db ghtnsndgd ofx gpfmgx db ogx sbogx ~g xfk bxubhcnhfx/ tgobx hfmfgpfmgx g pfmbpf/ xkdgof/ bth+ Bo 2+38 wrb xfk 78 ubpxfkgx dbo tftgo bkhrbxtgdfwrb pbupbxbktg rk ubwrbf apruf db mribpbx wrb rxg ogx sbogx ugpg hpbghnk dbrk gm`nbktb pfmktnhf bk rkg fhgxnk bxubhngo wrb ~g urbdb xbp ugpg xfpupbxg dbog ugpbig/ f rkg hbkg db bxubhngo/ bth+ ^ ftpf apruf mr~ ubwrbf db mribpbx wrbpbupbxbktg bk 0 dbo tftgo dnif wrb rxg sbogx ugpg ghtfx pbonanfxfx/ bth+

03

0>73

0730

Normnkgp

Gpfmgtnygp

Pbogighnfk ~ Mbdntghnfk

Dbhfpghnfk

Hpbgp rk gm`nbktbpfmgktnhf

Ftpfx *Nmabkbx dbxgktfx/ pbonanfxfx/bth+.


32/68


Uankg | 80

3+ Gkonxnx db ofx gpfmgx wrb upbcnbpbk ogx mribpbx+

Tgòg K 529 Gpfmgx upbcbpndgx ufp ogx mribpbx

SgpngòbxCpbhrbkhngG`xfortg

CpbhrbktgPbogtnsg *".

Xkdgof 02 :Pfmbpf 73 2Brhgonutf 05 3Mbktg 01 >Unkf 75 8Pfxgx 708 8>Ogsgkdg 47 78Mgkygknoog 47 78Ftpfx > 8Tftgo 870 755


Apcnhf K 539 Gpfmgx upbcbpndgx+


Bk bo Apcnhf kmbpf 3 xb f`xbpsg bo hfmufptgmnbktf db og sgpngòb gpfmg bk ofx

045 bkhrbxtgdfx/ bxtg upbarktg bx db fuhnk motnuob bx ufp boof wrb og xrmg dbpbxurbxtgx bx db 870 wrb xrubpg go kmbpf db bkhrbxtgdfx db`ndf g wrb bxtfxjgk pbxufkdndf mx db rkg gotbpkgtnsg+ Bo gpfmg wrb mx upbcnbpbk ogx mribpbx bxbo db Pfxgx hfk rk 8> / bk xbarkdf oragp xb gupbhng g bo db Ogsgkdg ~ bo dbMgkygknoog gm`fx hfk rk 78 ~ bo gpfmg mbkfx upbcbpndf bx bo db Unkf+ Bxtf kfxdg rkg pbcbpbkhng ugpg bo dnxbf dbo upfdrhtf/ hfk bxtfx dgtfx xb urbdb gapbagpbxtfx gpfmgx g krbxtpf upfdrhtf+


33/68


Uankg | 88

1+ Funknk wrb xb mbpbhb ogx sbogx tgoogdgx+

Tgòg K 539 Funknk pbxubhtf g ogx sbogx tgoogdgx

SgpngòbxCpbhrbkhngG`xfortg

CpbhrbkhngPbogtnsg "

Mr~ nktbpbxgktb 701 28Nktbpbxgktb >: 47Kbrtpf 3 8Ufhf Nktbpbxgktb 1 8Kgdg Nktbpbxgktb 0 7

Tftgo 045 755Crbktb9 Bog`fpghnk Upfung

Apgcnhg K 519 Funknk pbxubhtf g ogx sbogx tgoogdgx


Bk og apgcnhg K 51/ xb dbmrbxtpg wrb tgk nktbpbxgktb bx bxtb upfdrhtf bk ofxbkhrbxtgdfx/ db ogx 045 mribpbx go 28 obx ugpbhb mr~ nktbpbxgktb/ go 47 obxugpbhb nktbpbxgktb+ Go 8 ~ 7 obx ugpbhn ufhf nktbpbxgktb ~ kgdg nktbpbxgktbpbxubhtnsgmbktb/ bxtgx ubpxfkgx kf gurbxtgk ufp upfdrhtfx kfsbdfxfx+

:+ Gkonxnx db ogx hgktndgdbx ofx hfofpbx wrb upbcnbpbk wrb ufxbgk ogx sbogx

tgoogdgx+Tgòg K 519 Hgktndgd db hfofpbx wrb upbcnbpbk wrb ufxbgk ogx sbogx

tgoogdgx+

SGPNG@OBX CPBHRBKHNGG@XFORTGCPBHRBKHNG

G@XFORTG *".Db rk xfof hfofp 2> 02Db dfx hfofpbx 3> 0>Db tpbx hfofpbx 37 02Mx db tpbx hfofpbx 27 07

Tftgo 045 755


Mr~nktbpbxgktb Nktbpbxgktb Kbrtpf UfhfNktbpbxgktb KgdgNktbpbxgktb

28

47

8 8 7


34/68


Uankg | 84

Apgcnhg K 5:9 Hfofpbx wrb upbcnbpbk wrb ufxbgk ogx sbogx tgoogdgx+


Bo hfofp bx mr~ nmufptgktb ugpg bo dnxbf dbo upfdrhtf/ xb dnf hfmf pbxrotgdf wrbbo 0> upbcnbpb mbyhog db dfx hfofpbx/ bo 02 ob arxtgpg rk dnxbf hfk tpbxhfofpbx ~ g rk 02 ob arxtg bo dnxbf hfk rk xfof hfofp+ Xb pbxhgtg wrb ogx mribpbxxfk gtpgdgx ufp og mbyhog db hfofpbx ~ kf upbcnbpbk rk xfof hfofp/ ogx wrb upbcnbpbkrk xfof hfofp xfk ogx ubpxfkgx wrb rxgk sbogx hfksbkhnfkgobx+ Ugpg bo dnxbf dbogx sbogx xb kbhbxntg mbyhogp rkg agmg db hfofpbx/ ugpg wrb gx oogmb og gtbkhnkdbo uònhf+

>+ Gkonxnx db ofx hfofpbx wrb obx arxtgpg wrb ufxbbk ogx sbogx tgoogdgx+

Tgòg K 5:9 Hfofpbx upbcbpndfx ufp bo uònhf fìbtnsf pbxubhtf g ogx sbogx tgoogdgx+

SGPNG@OBXCPBHRBKHNGXG@XFORTGX

CPBHRBKHNGPBOGTNSG "

Gmgpnoof 2 0

@ogkhf 78 2

Mgppk 3 8

Mfpgdf 1 8

Pfif > 4

Pfxgdf 74 3

Sbpdb 2 0

Gmgpnoof/ Hbobxtb 77 2

Gkgpgkigdf/ Sbpdb 1 8


35/68


Uankg | 82

@ogkhf/ Pfif 71 1

Hbobxtb/ Pfxgdf 77 2

Pfif/ Sbpdb 70 2

Crhxng/ Mfpgdf 77 2

Gmgpnoof/ @ogkhf/ Pfif > 4

Gmgpnoof/ Gkgpgkigdf/ Pfif 4 0

Gmgpnoof/ Pfif/ Sbpdb 73 1

Gyro/ @ogkhf/ Pfif 1 8

@ogkhf/ Hbobxtb/ Mfpgdf 2 0

@ogkhf/ Pfif/ Sbpdb : 8

Hbobxtb/ Onog/ Pfxgdf 2 0

Crhxng/ Mfpgdf/ Sbpdb 4 0

Mfpgdf/ Pfif/ Sbpdb 8 7

Gmgpnoof/ Gkgpgkigdf/ @ogkhf/ Pfif 2 0

Gmgpnoof/ @ogkhf/ Pfxgdf/ Sbpdb 3 8

Gmgpnoof/ Hbobxtb/ Pfxgdf/ Sbpdb : 8

Gmgpnoof/ Pfif/ Pfxgdf/ Sbpdb 4 0

Gyro/ Hbobxtb/ Pfif/ Sbpdb 3 8

@ogkhf/ Mfpgdf/ Pfif/ Pfxgdf 3 8

Crhxng/ Mfpgdf/ Pfxgdg/ Sbpdb 2 0

Ftpfx *Onog/ Hpbmg/ Kbapf/ bth+. 77 2

Tftgo 045 755Crbktb9 Bog`fpghnk Upfung


36/68


Uankg | 83

Tgòg K :+79 Hfofp upbcbpndf ugpg sbogx db rk xfof hfofp+


Bk og apgcnhg krmbpf :+7/ xb gupbhng og upbcbpbkhng db hfofp db ogx mribpbx wrb xfof

gdwrnpgk sbogx hfk dnxbf db hfofp urpf+ Bo hfofp wrb mx xf`pbxgob bx bo pfxgdf/ògkhf/ pfif hfk rkf 3/ 2 ~ 4 pbxubhtnsgmbktb< bktpb ofx hfofpbx mbkfxupbcbpndfx bxtg bo gmgppnoof ~ sbpdb gm`fx hfk 0+ Jg~ wrb pbxgotgp wrb bxtbgkonxnx xfof bx sondf ugpg ogx mribpbx wrb gdwrnbpbk sbogx db rk xfof hfofp+

Tgòg K :+09 Hfofpbx upbcbpndfx ugpg sbogx hfk mbyhog db dfx hfofpbx+


Bk og apgcnhg krmbpf :+0/ xb f`xbpsg wrb g ogx mribpbx wrb gupbhngk bk og sbogx ogmbyhog db dfx hfofpbx/ bo 1 upbcnbpbk bo ògkhf ~ pfif/ ~ ogx mbyhogx db hbobxtb-pfxgdf/ pfif-sbpdb/ gmgpnoof-hbobxtb/ crhxng-mfpgdf tnbkbk rkg gtpghhnk hfk rk 2db upbcbpbkhng ugpg hgdg rkg+

2

8

1

2

2

2

Gmgpnoof/ Hbobxtb Gkgpgkigdf/ Sbpdb @ogkhf/ Pfif Hbobxtb/ Pfxgdf Pfif/ Sbpdb Crhxng/ Mfpgdf


37/68


Uankg | 81

Tgòg K :+89 Hfofpbx upbcbpndfx ugpg sbogx hfk mbyhog db tpbx hfofpbx+


Bk bo Apcnhf gktbpnfp xb gupbhng wrb ofx hfofpbx upbcbpndfx ugpg og hfm`nkghnk dbtpbx hfofpbx xfk bo gmgpnoof/ pfif ~ sbpdb hfk 1+ Hfmf bk og upbarktg : xb dbdrifwrb ogx mribpbx upbcnbpbk og mbyhog db hfofpbx/ xb urbdb tfmgp hfmf pbcbpbkhng ofxhfofpbx gmgpnoof/ pfif/ sbpdb/ ògkhf/ ~g wrb bxtfx hfofpbx xfk ofx mx upbcbpndfx+

Tgòg K :+49 Hfofpbx upbcbpndfx ugpg sbogx hfk mbyhog db mx db tpbx hfofpbx+


08

8

0

8 80

2


38/68


Uankg | 8:

Bk bxtb apcnhf xb xnarb dbmfxtpgkdf og tbkdbkhng db ogx mribpbx ufp oghfm`nkghnk db hfofpbx bk bxtb tnuf db upfdrhtf/ ogx mribpbx upbcnbpbk hfofpbxhfmf bo gmgpnoof/ pfif ògkhf/ bk bxtb urktf tgm`nk xb hfmuprb`g bo arxtf ufp oghfm`nkghnk db hfofpbx ~ og sgpnbdgd db arxtfx db ogx mribpbx bkhrbxtgdgx+

75+ Gkonxnx dbo upbhnf bxtgpg dnxurbxtf g ugagp db ghrbpdf go tgmgf db ogxsbogx tgoogdgx+

Tgòg K 75+79 Upbhnfx wrb bxtk dnxurbxtfx ugagp pbxubhtf g ogx sbogx tgoogdgxmbdngkgx+

Sgpngòbx Cpbhrbkhng G`xfortgCpbhrbkhngPbogtnsg *".

X&+ 72/55 - X&+ 7:/55 7:7 12X&+ 7>/55 - X&+ 00/55 82 72X&+ 08/55 - X&+ 03/55 : 8

Ftpfx 73 1Tftgo 045 755/5


Apcnhf K 75+79 Upbhnf g ugagp ufp ogx sbogx tgoogdgx mbdngkgx+


Bk og apcnhg 75+7 ogx mribpbx wrb upbcnbpbk ogx sbogx mbdngkgx/ bxtgpgk dnxurbxtgxg pbmrkbpgp ufp bo upfdrhtf rk nktbpsgof db X&+ 72/55 - X&+ 7:/55+ Bx f`snf wrb bo

honbktb sg g bxtgp dnxurbxtf g ugagp bo upbhnf mknmf ufp bo upfdrhtf+

X&+ 72/55 - X&+ 7:/55 X&+ 7>/55 - X&+ 00/55 X&+ 08/55 - X&+ 03/55 Ftpfx

12

72

81


39/68


Uankg | 8>

Tgòg K 75+09 Upbhnfx dnxurbxtfx g ugagp pbxubhtf g ogx sbogx tgoogdgxapgkdbx+

SGPNG@OBX CPBHRBKHNG G@XFORTGCPBHRBKHNGPBOGTNSG *".

X&+ 00/55 - X&+ 02/55 732 3>

X&+ 03/55 - X&+ 85/55 43 7>X&+ 87/55 - X&+ 82/55 77 2

Ftpfx 72 3Kf bxubhncnhf 8 7Tftgo 045 755/5


Apcnhf K 75+09 Upbhnfx dnxurbxtfx g ugagp pbxubhtf g ogx sbogx tgoogdgxapgkdbx+


Hfk pbxubhtf g ogx mribpbx wrb upbcnbpbk ogx sbogx apgkdbx/ xb gupbhng wrb boupbhnf hfk mgx ufphbktgib wrb bx db rk 3> tnbkb rk nktbpsgof db X&+ 00/55 - X&+02/55/ ogx ubpxfkgx tnbkdbk g ofx upbhnfx mx `gifx ufxnòbx+

Tgòg K 75+09 Upbhnfx dnxurbxtfx g ugagp pbxubhtf g ogx sbogx tgoogdgx

apgkdbx+SGPNG@OBX CPBHRBKHNG G@XFORTG CPBHRBKHNGPBOGTNSG *".

X&+ :/55 - X&+ 70/55 7>0 :5

X&+ 78/55 - X&+ 72/55 08 75X&+ 73/55 - X&+ 7:/55 1 8Ftpfx 73 1Kf bxubhncnhf 0 7Tftgo 045 755/5Crbktb9 Bog`fpghnk Upfung


40/68


Uankg | 45

Apcnhf K 75+09 Upbhnfx dnxurbxtfx g ugagp pbxubhtf g ogx sbogx tgoogdgxapgkdbx


Db ghrbpdf g ogx sbogx ubwrbgx/ ogx mribpbx bxtk dnxurbxtgx g ugagp bktpb X&+:/55 - X&+ 70/55 ufp upfdrhtf+ Bk bxtb hgxf tgm`nk xb pbuntb og tbkdbkhng ufp boupbhnf `gif+

77+ Gkonxnx dbo tgmgf db sbogx tgoogdgx wrb upbcnbpb+

Tg`og K 779 Tgmgf db ogx sbogx tgoogdgx wrb upbcnbpbk+Sgpng`obx Cpbhrbkhng G`xfortg

Cpbhrbkhng Pbogtnsg*".

Ubwrbgx 23 08Mbdngkgx 732 3>Apgkdbx 7> :Tftgo 045 755


Apcnhf K 779 Tgmgf upbcbpndf db ogx sbogx tgoogdgx+


Ubwrbgx Mbdngkgx Apgkdbx

08

3>

:


41/68


Uankg | 47

Bk bo apcnhf 77/ xb gupbhng og upbcbpbkhng dbo tgmgf db ogx sbogx/ bo 3> db ogxmribpbx upbcnbpbk ogx sbogx mbdngkgx db ofkantrd db 7: hm/ bo 08 arxtgk ufp ogxsbogx ubwrbgx ~ xfof rk : gdwrnpnpgk sbogx apgkdbx+ Bo dnxbf db ogx sbogx xbtfmgpg bk hrbktg og ofkantrd db 7: hm gupfznmgdgmbktb ~g wrb ogx mribpbxupbcnbpbk upfdrhtfx kf mr~ tfxhfx kn mr~ ubwrbfx/ ofx upfdrhtfx db dbhfpghnkkbhbxntgk oogmgp og gtbkhnk ubpf kf hfk bo tgmgf xnkf hfk bo dnxbf ~ hfk botgmgf mbdnf+

70+ Gkonxnx db ofx gxubhtfx wrb obx gtpgbk db ogx sbogx tgoogdgx+

Tgòg K 709 Gxubhtfx wrb obx gtpgbk db ogx sbogx tgoogdgx+Sgpngòbx Cpbhrbkhng G`xfortg Cpbhrbkhng Pbogtnsg "Xnmuonhndgd 05 1Cghnondgd db rxf 01 >Upbhnf 85 75

Dnxbf 707 47Gtpghtnsfx 11 03Bxtg db Mfdg 7: 3Knkarkf db ofx Gktbpnfpbx 7 5+8Kf Hfktbxtf 0 7TFTGO 0>3 755+55


Bk bxtg xbhhnk db mrbxtpg apcnhgmbktb ofx pbxrotgdfx wrb xb bztpgibpfk dbobxtrdnf pbxubhtf g ofx gxubhtfx wrb obx gtpgbk db ogx sbogx tgoogdgx+ Og xnarnbktbapgcnhg mrbxtpg ofx pbxrotgdfx f`tbkndfx9

Apgcnhg K 709 Gxubhtf wrb Upbcnbpbk bo Urònhf Fìbtnsf Pbxubtf g ogx Sbogx Tgoogdgx+


Db ghrbpdf g og apgcnhg gktbpnfp ufdbmfx f`xbpsgp wrb bo 1 hfktbxtf wrb rkf db

ofx gxubhtfx wrb tnbkb bk hrbktgx bx og xnmuonhndgd/ bo > pbxufkdn og cghnondgd db


42/68


Uankg | 40

rxf/ bo 75 dnif bo upbhnf/ bo 47 nkdnh bo dnxbf/ bo 03 hfkxndbpf ufpwrb xfkgtpghtnsfx/ bo 3 gobaf ufpwrb bxt db mfdg/ bo 5+8 dnif knkarkf db ofx gktbpnfpbx~ bo 5+3: xb g`xtrsnbpfk g hfktbxtgp+

78+ Gkonxnx db ofx Oragpbx dfkdb ob Arxtgpg Gdwrnpnp Sbogx Tgoogdgx+

Tgòg K 789 Oragpbx dfkdb obx arxtgpg gdwrnpnp sbogx tgoogdgx+

SGPNG@OBX CPBHRBKHNGG@XFORTGCPBHRBKHNGPBOGTNSG "

Xrubpmbphgdfx 775 44Gomghbkbx > 4Cbpngx Gptbxgkgobx 05 :Hgxgx db Dbhfpghnk 757 45Hfkfhndf Cg`pnhgktb 2 0Ftpfx * @fdbag/ HrgowrnbpXntnf. 1 8

TFTGO 020 755+55"Crbktb9 Bog`fpghnk Upfung

Bk bxtg ugptb dbo bxtrdnf xb f`trsnbpfk ogx pbxurbxtgx dbo uònhf fìbtnsf/ bkhrgktf g ofx oragpbx dfkdb ob arxtgpg gdwrnpnp ogx sbogx tgoogdgx/ ubpmntnkdfkfxhfkfhbp bk dfkdb xb ufdpg hfmbphngonygp+ Ofx pbxrotgdfx db bxtb gkonxnx xbmrbxtpgk bk og xnarnbktb apcnhg9

Apgcnhg K 789 Oragpbx Dfkdb ob Arxtgpg Gdwrnpnp Sbogx Tgoogdgx+


Bk og apgcnhg gktbpnfp xb urbdb f`xbpsgp ofx pbxrotgdfx f`tbkndfx9 Bo 44 pbxufkdnwrb obx arxtgpg gdwrnpnp bk xrubpmbphgdfx/ 4 hfktbxtf bk gomghbkbx/ :


43/68


Uankg | 48

pbxufkdn bk cbpngx gptbxgkgobx/ 45 bk hgxgx db dbhfpghnk/ 0 bk hfkfhndfxcg`pnhgktbx ~ bo 8 dnif ftpfx hfmf `fdbagx f hrgowrnbp xntnf+

74+ Gkonxnx db ofx mbdnfx bk ogx hrgobx ob arxtgpg pbhn`np nkcfpmghnkghbphg db sbogx tgoogdgx+

Tg`og K 749 Oragpbx dfkdb obx arxtgpg gdwrnpnp sbogx tgoogdgx+Sgpng`obx Cpbhrbkhng G`xfortg Cpbhrbkhng Pbogtnsg "Pgdnf 72 2Pbsnxtg 88 70Tbobsnxnk :0 85Nktbpkbt 23 07Hgtofafx :4 87Ftpfx *tfdfx. 8 7TFTGO 018 755"


Bk bxtg upbarktg db og bkhrbxtg xb `rxhf gkgonygp ofx mbdnfx ufp ofx wrb upbcnbpbkpbhn`np nkcfpmghnk ghbphg db ogx sbogx tgoogdgx ~ ofx pbxrotgdfx crbpfk ofxxnarnbktbx9

Apgcnhg K 749 Mbdnfx ufp og hrgobx obx arxtgpg pbhn`np nkcfpmghnk+


Og apgcnhg mrbxtpg wrb rk 2 ob arxtgpg pbhn`np nkcfpmghnk ufp pgdnf/ bo 70hfkxndbpg pbhn`np ufp pbsnxtg/ bo 85 upbcnbpb ufp og tbobsnxnk/ bo 07 dnif ufpnktbpkbt/ bo 87 futg pbhn`np ufp hgtofafx ~ bo 7 upbcnbpb ufp tfdfx ofx mbdnfx+


44/68


Uankg | 44

72+ Gkonxnx db og gdwrnxnhnk db ogx sbogx tgoogdgx

Tg`og K 729 Knsbo db ghbutghnk db sbogx tgoogdgx+

Sgpng`obx Cpbhrbkhng G`xfortg Cpbhrbkhng Pbogtnsg"

Dbcnkntnsgmbktb X 7:5 12Dbcnkntnsgmbktb Kf 75 4Bk Drdg 25 07TFTGO 045 755+55"Crbktb9 Bog`fpghnk Upfung

G hfktnkrghnk xb mrbxtpg ogx mribpbx bkhrbxtgdgx wrb bxtgpgk dnxurbxtgx f kf

04

74

Gpfmtnhgx

Dbhfpgtnsgx

Dnxbf Dncbpbktb

Kf Bxubhncnhg


46/68


Uankg | 43

71+ Gkonxnx xn ogx mribpbx tnbkbk bk hrbktg bo bksfotfpnf go hfmupgp sbogx+

Tg`og K 719 Og hgktndgd db mribpbx wrb tnbkbk bk hrbktg bo bksfotfpnf+

SGPNG@OBCPBHRBKHNGG@XFORTG


Xn 72> 33Kf 13 80Kf unbkxg/ Kf funkg 2 0TFTGO 045


Apcnhf K 719 Mribpbx wrb tnbkbk bk hrbktg bo bksfotfpnf go hfmupgpogx sbogx+


Db ghrbpdf hfk og upbxbktghnk db ogx sbogx tgoogdgx/ ogx mribpbx bk rk 33funkgk wrb bx nmufptgktb bo bksfotfpnf bk ogx sbogx/ db`ndf g xr arxtf ~ obx oogmgmrhjf og gtbkhnk+ Bk hgm`nf/ bo 80 db ogx mribpbx bk og hnrdgd db Hjnhog~f kftbkgk bk hrbktg bo bksfotfpnf ~g wrb of knhf wrb wrbpgk f`tbkbp bpg bo upfdrhtf/kf tfmg`gk bk hrbktg og upbxbktghnk+

7:+ Gkonxnx db og upbxbktghnk wrb ob arxtgpg gdwrnpnp ogx sbogx tgoogdgx+

Tg`og K 7:9 Upbxbktghnk db ogx sbogx tgoogdgx+

SGPNG@OBX CPBHRBKHNGG@XFORTG


Bk hgig 70> :7Bk `foxg 0> 7:

Ftpf *Ugwrbtbx/ bth+. 7 7TFTGO 72>



47/68


Uankg | 41

Apcnhf K 7:9 Upbxbktghnk wrb ob arxtgpg gdwrnpnp ogx sbogxtgoogdgx+


Ogx mribpbx bk og hnrdgd db Hjnhog~f/ bk rk :7 futgk ufp gdwrnpnp bo upfdrhtf bkhgig/ db`ndf g og upftbhhnk wrb `pnkdg g ogx sbogx tgoogdgx ~ gdbmx dg rk tfwrbdb hfofp ~ bobagkhng go upfdrhtf cnkgo+Bk hgm`nf/ bznxtb rk 7: db mribpbx wrb upbcnbpb wrb bo upfdrhtf xb upbxbktb bk`foxgx ~ rk 7 db mribpbx dbxtghg wrb ogx sbogx tgoogdgx xb upbxbktbk bkugwrbtbx+

7>+ Cfpmgtf wrb xb hfkxndbpg gdbhrgdf ugpg ogx sbogx tgoogdgx+

Tg`og K 7>9 Cfpmgtf wrb ob arxtgpg wrb tbkag ogx sbogx tgoogdgx+SGPNG@OBX CPBHRBKHNGG@XFORTG


Ughl db 0 Rknd+ 751 42Ughl db 3 Rknd+ 30 03

Nkdnsndrgo 3: 0:Ftpfx *Ughl 4 rknd/ bth+. 8 7

Tftgo 045Crbktb9 Bog`fpghnk Upfung

Apcnhf K 7>9 Cfpmgtf gdbhrgdf ugpg og upbxbktghnk db sbogx tgoogdgx+



48/68


Uankg | 4:

Xbak og bkhrbxtg pbgonygdg g ogx mribpbx db Hjnhog~f/ bo 42 upbcnbpb rk cfpmgtfughl db 0 rkndgdbx+ Bxf db`ndf g wrb upbcnbpbk tbkbp rkg sbog fuhnfkgo ~g xbg ugpgf`xbwrngp f tbkbpof db pbxbpsg+Bo 0: db mribpbx bxhfan rk cfpmgtf nkdnsndrgo ~g xbg ugpg upf`gp bo upfdrhtf fufp jghbpxb rk pbagof+ Tgm`nk/ bk rk 03 db ogx mribpbx bxhfan wrb bo cfpmgtfgdbhrgdf xbg ughl db 3 rkndgdbx+

05+ Gxubhtf nmufptgktb wrb obx arxtg bkhfktpgp bk ogx sbogx tgoogdgx+

Tg`og K 7>9 Gxubhtfx wrb obx arxtg bkhfktpgp bk ogx sbogx tgoogdgx+

SGPNG@OBCPBHRBKHNGG@XFORTG


Gdfpkfx 7> :Gpfmgx Gapgdg obx 74 3@rbkfx ghg`gdfx : 8

Hfofpbx oogmgtnsfx 02 75Dnxbfx knhfx 758 48Nmabkbx 74 3Kf Bxubhncnhg 42 7>Ftpfx *Upbhnfx/ mgphg/upfmfhnfkbx/ bth+. 70 2

Tftgo 045Crbktb9 Bog`fpghnk Upfung

Apcnhf K 7>9 Gxubhtfx wrb obx arxtg bkhfktpgp bk ogx sbogx tgoogdgx+


Hfk pbxubhtf g ofx gxubhtfx wrb dbxbgpgk bkhfktpgp ogx mribpbx db Hjnhog~f bkrkg sbog tgoogdg/ dbxtghgpfk bk rk 48 wrb xbgk dnxbfx knhfx ~ fpnankgobx+ Bk rk75 dbxtghgpfk wrb ogx sbogx hfktbkagk hfofpbx oogmgtnsfx/ kn tgk crbptb kn tgk

gugagdgx+ Bk bo hgxf db ofx gdfpkfx/ bo : db mribpbx bxtrsf g cgsfp db bxtgx+ Rk

: 3 875

48

3

7>2

Gdfpkfx

Gpfmgx Gapgdg`obx

@rbkfx ghg`gdfx

Hfofpbx oogmgtnsfx

Dnxbfx Rknhfx

Nmabkbx

Kf Bxubhncnhg

Ftpfx *Upbhnfx/ mgphg/upfmfhnfkbx/ bth+.


49/68


Uankg | 4>

3 db mribpbx dbxbgk bkhfktpgp gpfmgx gapgdgòbx/ go nargo wrb bk nmabkbx+ Rkubwrbf ufphbktgib db 8 db mribpbx dbxbg bk xrx sbogx `rbkfx ghg`gdfx+

07+ Gkonxnx db ogx bdgdbx db ogx mribpbx bkhrbxtgdgx+

TG@OG K 05SGPNG@OB CPBHRBKHNGG@XFORTG


Mbkfx db 7: gfx 0> :Db 7> g 85 gfx 004 2:Db 87 g 42 gfx 758 01Db 43 g 35 gfx 0: 1Mx db 35 gfx 5 5

TFTGO 8:4Crbktb9 Bog`fpghnk Upfung

Apcnhf K 059 Bdgdbx db ogx mribpbx bkhrbxtgdgx+


Db ogx 8:4 mribpbx wrb crbpfk bkhrbxtgdgx bk Hjnhog~f/ rk 2: tnbkbk rkg bdgdbktpb 7> g 85 gfx/ xbarndf dbo 01 db mribpbx db 87 g 42 gfx ~ hfk rkufphbktgib mbkfp db 1 mribpbx db ogx bdgdbx db 43 g 35 gfx+

1+8+1+ ONMNTGHNFKBX

Rkg db ogx upnkhnugobx onmntghnfkbx hfk ogxwrb trsnmfx wrb ondngp/ crb bo ufhfnktbpx ufp ugptb dbo uònhf bk pbxfosbp ogx bkhrbxtgx+

Ftpf urktf nmufptgktb crb og onmntghnk bk og hgughndgd db pbxufkdbp ogxupbarktgx/ ~g wrb kbhbxntg`gk xbp fpnbktgdfx bk mx db rkg fufptrkndgd ugpgdbxgppfoogp ogx mnxmgx+

Ufp ftpf ogdf/ bxt bo cghtfp tnbmuf/ og upbxnk/ hgkxgkhnf/ pbhfpdbmfx wrb boapruf fìbtnsf xfk mribpbx db hfkxbpsgdfpgx/ mfdbpkgx ~ goarkgx xfcnxtnhgdgx+

:

2:

01

1Mbkfx db 7: gfx

Db 7> g 85 gfx

Db 87 g 42 gfx

Db 43 g 35 gfx

Mx db 35 gfx


50/68


Uankg | 25

Og dnxtfpxnk db ogx pbxurbxtgx/ og ghbutghnk xfhngo+ Gxnmnxmf bznxtbk bppfpbxbk og pbxurbxtg mgo nktbpupbtgdg+ Cnkgombktb/ goarkgx bkhrbxtgx kf crbpgkpbxufkdndgx bk xr tftgondgd ufp of wrb crbpfk dbxghgtgdfx dbo gkonxnx+

1+8+:+ GKONXNX DB PBXROTGDFX

Db ghrbpdf go Tpg`gif db Nksbxtnaghnk pbgonygdf/ xb urbdb mfxtpgp wrb ogxmribpbx db og hnrdgd db Hjnhog~f hfk bdgdbx gopbdbdfp db 7> g 42 gfx/ xfkmribpbx wrb bxtk dnxurbxtgx g gdwrnpnp sbogx tgoogdgx+ Tgm`nk xb mrbxtpgwrb bo 30 xn hfmupg sbogx db hrgowrnbp tnuf ~ ugpg hrgowrnbp rxf/ ~ bo 8: kfhfmupg ugpg kgdg sbogx/ ufp bkdb krbxtpg mrbxtpg bxtgp dnpnandf g gwrboogxubpxfkgx wrb xn obx arxtg hfmupgp sbogx+ Ogx 045 mribpbx wrb dnibpfk wrb xnrxg`gk sbogx/ rk 2> dnif wrb xr cpbhrbkhng db hfmupg bpg db rkg sby go mbx+Rk apruf mr~ ubwrbf wrb kf hfkxndbp bo hfkxrmf db sbogx hfmf cpbhrbkhng

db hfmupg ~g wrb xn jg hfmupgdf sbogx/ of jg jbhjf mr~ ufhgx sbhbx bk xrsndg crb dbo 0+ Ofx pbxrotgdfx mrbxtpgk wrb apgk ugptb db og cpbhrbkhng dbhfmupg db bxtg ufòghnk/ hfmupg bktpb rkg f dfx sbogx go mbx/ ~ bo pbxtf dbmribpbx wrb bx mbkfx db og mntgd tnbkbk rk hfkxrmf mx bobsgdf ~ rk tnbmufdb cpbhrbkhng mx pbdrhndf/ ubpf bxtb sgofp kf bx mr~ xnakncnhgktb ~g wrb bxtgufòghnk bx mbkfx db og mntgd+ Db ghrbpdf g ogx hgpghtbpxtnhgx db ogx sbogx/ gogx mribpbx obx gtpgb mx ogx sbogx hfk hgpghtbpxtnhgx ugpg og dbhfpghnk dbxrx jfagpbx/ ~ wrb gugptb db bxtf tbkag gapgdgòbx gpfmgx/ of hrgo xfk ogx mxrtnonygdgx ghtrgombktb+

Ogx mribpbx wrb hfmupgk sbogx upbcnbpbk gpfmgx g pfxgx/ ogsgkdg ~ mgkygknoog+Of gktbpnfp xb tfmg hfmf pbcbpbkhng bk bo dnxbf db sbogx tgoogdgx/ xn bk hgxfxb pbwrnbpb db rk sgofp gapbagdf go upfdrhtf xb db`bk db tfmgp bk hrbktg ofxgpfmgx db pfxgx/ ogsgkdg/ mgkygknoog ~ mbktg+

Hfk pbxubhtf go nktbpx< bo 28 db ogx mribpbx hfkxndbpgk g krbxtpf upfdrhtfhfmf mr~ nktbpbxgktb+ Bxtf xb db`b g wrb bo upfdrhtf bx mr~ kfsbdfxf ~ ogmg~fpg db mribpbx snxrgonygpfk bo upfdrhtf hfk bo dnxbf ufhf hfmk ~ snxtfufp upnmbpg sby/ of wrb fhgxnfkf rkg nmupbxnk hgoncnhkdfof hfmf nktbpbxgktb+

G ogx mribpbx xb obx upbxbktf fuhnfkbx db og upbxbktghnk dbo upfdrhtf hfkpbxubhtf go hfofp/ bo 0> upbcnbpb rkg mbyhog db dfx hfofpbx/ bo 02 xb xnbktbkgtpgdfx ufp og mbyhog db tpbx hfofpbx/ xb urbdb dbdrhnp wrb ogx ubpxfkgxtnbkdbk g og mbyhog db dfx g mgx hfofpbx+ Ugpg bo dnxbf db ogx sbogx xbkbhbxntg mbyhogp rkg agmg db hfofpbx/ ugpg wrb gx oogmb og gtbkhnk dbouònhf+

Bo hfofp wrb mx xf`pbxgob bx bo pfxgdf/ ògkhf/ pfif+ Ugpg ogx sbogx db dfx

hfofpbx upbcnbpbk bo ògkhf ~ pfif/ hbobxtb ~ pfxgdf/ pfif ~ sbpdb/ gmgpnoof ~hbobxtb+ Db tpbx hfofpbx xfk bo gmgpnoof/ pfif ~ sbpdb+ Dbdrhnkdfxb gx/ wrb ogx


51/68


Uankg | 27

mribpbx upbcnbpbk og mbyhog db hfofpbx/ xb urbdb tfmgp hfmf pbcbpbkhng ofxhfofpbx gmgpnoof/ pfif/ sbpdb/ ògkhf/ ~g wrb bxtfx hfofpbx xfk ofx mxupbcbpndfx+

Bo upbhnf bx rk gxubhtf nmufptgktb bk og sbktg dbo upfdrhtf ugpg boof jbmfxdbhndndf dncbpbkhngp ogx sbogx ufp tgmgf+ Ugpg ogx sbogx mbdngkgx ogx mribpbxbxtk dnxurbxtgx g ugagp bo upbhnf mx `gif/ hfkxndbpgk rk nktbpsgof X&+ 72/55 -X&+ 7:/55+ Ugpg ogx sbogx apgkdbx xb xnarb og tbkdbkhng dbo upbhnf mx `gif/ xbtnbkb rk nktbpsgof db X&+ 00/55 - X&+ 02/55+ Ugpg ogx sbogx ubwrbgx/ ogx mribpbxbxtk dnxurbxtgx g ugagp bktpb X&+ :/55 - X&+ 70/55 ufp upfdrhtf+

Db ghrbpdf go tgmgf/ sbogx mbdngkgx db 7: hm/ sbogx apgkdbx hfk 02 hm ~ ogxubwrbgx hfk 70 hm+ Og upbcbpbkhng dbo tgmgf db ogx sbogx hfk bo 3> db ogxmribpbx bx ufp ogx sbogx mbdngkgx+ Hfk bxtg nkcfpmghnk ugpg bo dnxbf db ogx

sbogx xb tfmgpg bk hrbktg og ofkantrd db 7: hm gupfznmgdgmbktb ~g wrb ogxmribpbx futgk ufp upfdrhtfx kf mr~ tfxhfx kn mr~ ubwrbfx+

Rk urktf nmufptgktb g mbkhnfkgp bx hfk pbxubhtf g ofx gxubhtfx wrb obx gtpgbkdb ogx sbogx tgoogdgx bx bo dnxbf ~ ufp xbp gtpghtnsfx+ ^g wrb mrhjgx mribpbxhfmf g og jfpg db hfmupgp rkg pfug xfk mx dbtgoonxtgx g dncbpbkhng db ofxjfm`pbx< g mfdf/ wrb mrbxtpg bo mnxmf hfmufptgmnbktf cpbktb g krbxtpfupfdrhtf+

Db ghrbpdf g ofx bxtgòbhnmnbktfx db sbktg wrb upbcnbpbk wrb bxtk krbxtpfupfdrhtf bx bk ofx xrubpmbphgdfx wrb trsf rkg pbupbxbktghnk db 44/xbarndg db hgxg db dbhfpghnk hfk rkg pbupbxbktghnk dbo 45+hfmf sbmfxbxtfx hbktpf hfmbphngobx jgk tbkndf `rbkg ghfandg bk Hjnhog~f+

Og bxtpgtbang db mgplbtnka mx upfunhng ugpg bo hfkfhnmnbktf mgxnsf xbp ufpmbdnf db hgtofafx wrb trsf rkg pbupbxbktghnk dbo 87/ xbarndg ufp ogtbobsnxnk hfk rk 85/ xnbkdf bxtfx mbdnfx rk mbhgknxmf chno db wrb ogxubpxfkgx tbkagk hfkfhnmnbktf db krbxtpf upfdrhtf/ grkwrb urbdb xbp goafhfxtfx+ Ogx mribpbx wrb bxtgpg dnxurbxtgx gdwrnpnp krbxtpf upfdrhtfpbupbxbktgk bo 12/ ufp bkdb bx ghbutgòb ~ Hjnhog~f urbdb xbp krbxtpfmbphgdf uftbkhngo+

Xb mrbxtpbk sgpnbdgdbx hgpghtbpxtnhgx hfmf hfofpbx oogmgtnsfx/ dnxbfxknhfx/ gpfmgx gapgdgòbx b nmabkbx ~g xbgk pbonanfxfx f goaf pboghnfkgdfxhfk goak mfkrmbktf f oragp dbo Ubp+

Bo cfpmgtf wrb mx upbcnbpbk ogx mribpbx bx bk ughl db dfx rkndgdbx/ nkdnsndrgo~ xbarndf db ughl db 3 rkndgdbx+ Bk ughl db dfx rkndgdbx of upbcnbpbk db`ndf g

wrb gdwrnbpbk rkg sbog ugpg boogx ~ ftpg urbdbk f`xbwrngpog+


52/68


Uankg | 20

Og upbxbktghnk bx goaf mr~ nmufptgktb bk og sbktg db ogx sbogx tgoogdgx+ Bobksfotfpnf bx bxbkhngo bk ogx mribpbx/ ~g wrb oogmgk xr gtbkhnk ~ dbmrbxtpgugpg boogx wrb bo upfdrhtf bx db hgondgd+ Bk og upbxbktghnk cnkgo dbo upfdrhtfupbcnbpbk gdwrnpnpof bk rkg hgig/ ~g wrb of upftbabk ~ urbdbk fcpbhbpof hfmf rkf`xbwrnf+

Bk hrgktf go GHTNFK XTGKDGPD tfdgx dnbpfk ghbptgdgx ~ ogx sbpbmfx ghfktnkrghnk9

7+ UPNMBP GHTNFK XTGKDGPDBo upfdrhtf xgodp go mbphgdf db Hjnhog~f xnbmupb ~ hrgkdf og nksbxtnaghnkdb mbphgdf gppfib rk knsbo db ghbutghnk mg~fp f nargo go 25+

X Hfktnkrgp hfk og pbgonyghnk dbo upf~bhtf

KF Hgm`ngp db mbphgdf xbak ofx krbsfx pbwrbpnmnbktfx dbohonbktb+

Bo upnmbpg ghtnfk xtgkdgpd/ kfx gppfif rk knsbo db ghbutghnk dbo 12 mg~fpg of bxtgòbhndf bk rk upnkhnunf/ bxtb pbxrotgdf of f`trsnmfx mbdngktb og `gxbdb dgtfx Pbxufkdnbkdf og apgk mg~fpg db uònhf fìbtnsf wrb xfk ogxmribpbx db ofx knsbobx xfhnfbhfkmnhfx gotfx dbcnkntnsgmbktb xn+ Bxtbpbxrotgdf cgsfpgòb sg g g~rdgp g hfktnkrgp hfk og ndbg dbo upf~bhtf+

0+ XBARKDF GHTNFK XTGKDGPD+

Xn bo hfkxrmndfp bxt dnxurbxtf g ugagp ufp og sbog ubwrbg bk rk pgkaf dbX&+:+ g X&+70+55 ufp upfdrhtf+/ bk ogx sbog mbdngkg bk rk pgkaf db X&+72+ gX&+7:+55 ufp upfdrhtf ~ bk ogx sbog apgkdb bk rk pgkaf db X&+00+ g X&+02+55ufp upfdrhtf+

X Xb pbgonyg bo upfdrhtf go upbhnf upfurbxtf+

KF @rxhgpg krbsfx mbphgdfx g dfkdb bxtk dnxurbxtfx g gdwrnpnpbo upfdrhtf g bxtb upbhnf

Bk og `gxb db dgtfx/ hfk pbcbpbktb g hrgktf bxtgpgk dnxurbxtfx g ugagp ufpogx sbogx tgoogdgx db tgmgf ubwrbf bo :5 dnif wrb bxt dnxurbxtf g ugagpbxb pgkaf db upbhnf bxtgòbhndf ugxg of mnxmf hfk ogx sbogx mbdngkgx ~apgkdbx/ bxtf sg g xbpsnp ugpg xbarnp hfk bo pgkaf dbo upbhnf upfurbxtf+


53/68


Uankg | 28

8+ TBPHBP GHTNFK XTGKDGPDBk hrgktf bznxtnbpg wrb bo 25 db og ufòghnk dbxbb sbogx tgoogdgx ugpgdbhfpghnk/ hfk gpfmgx ~ dncbpbktbx dnxbfx+

X Xb hfktnkg hfk og upfurbxtg dbo upfdrhtf ~ xrx hgpghtbpxtnhgx+

KF Nkkfsgp bk hrgktf go upfdrhtf/ dgpob rk sgofp gapbagdf bznandfxufp ofx honbktbx+

Ugpg pbxufkdbp go tbphbp ghhnk bxtkdgp/ ~ guf~kdfkfx db ogx bkhrbxtgxpbgonygdgx dgk rk bkcfwrb mr~ hogpf db ogx upbcbpbkhngx ~ bo rxf wrb ob dgkupnkhnugombktb g ogx sbogx/ hfk pbcbpbktb og upbcbpbkhng db sbogx rk 44 dnifwrb upbcnbpb ogx dbhfpgtnsgx ~ gpfmtnhgx irktgx/ of hrgo xb hfmuobmbktg hfkftpf apruf wrb xfof upbcnbpb ogx gpfmtnhgx wrb tnbkb rkg ghbutghnk db0:/ ftpf gkonxnx pbgonygdf bx wrb sbog bx og wrb mgx rxg/ xgonbkdf rk

knsbo db ghbutghnk db gpfmgtnygp hfk rk 0> db ghbutghnk wrb xbhfmuobmbktg hfk bo 07 db ghbutghnk db rxf db sbogx ugpg dbhfpghnk/hfk bxtfx pbxrotgdfx cgsfpgòbx sg g xbpsnp ugpg xbarnp hfk og ndbg dbkbafhnf hfk ogx mnxmgx hgpghtbpxtnhgx+

1+8+>+ TFMG DB DBHNXNFKBX BK KRBXTPG BMUPBXG+

Ufp tfdf of hfkhorndf jgxtg bo mfmbktf/ tfmgmfx ogx xnarnbktbx dbhnxnfkbx9 Bog`fpgpbmfx sbogx tgoogdgx tgktf dbhfpgtnsgx ~ gpfmtnhgx+ Ofx gpfmgx wrb tbkdpk krbxtpgx sbogx xbpk bk xr mg~fpg db pfxgx/

ubpf xnk dbigp db ogdf bo gpfmg g mgkygknoog ~ ogsgkdg+ Ofx hfofpbx guonhgdfx bk bo dnxbf db sbogx xbpk db rk hfofp pfxgdf/ db

dfx hfofpbx pfxgdfx hfk ògkhf/ hfk tpbx hfofpbx gmgpnoof/ pfif ~ sbpdb/mx db tpbx hfofpbx xfk gmgpnoof sbpdb/ hbobxtb ~ pfxgdf+

Bo upbhnf db sbktg db ogx sbogx tgoogdgx sgpngp db ghrbpdf go tgmgf/ ogxubwrbgx xb sbkdbp g X&+70/ ogx mbdngkgx X&+7: ~ ufp ofx apgkdbx g X&+02+

Xb cg`pnhgp bk mg~fp upfufphnk sbogx db tgmgf mbdnf/ xnk dbigp dbogdf bo dnxbf db ogx sbogx wrb bx mr~ nmufptgktb ugpg bo hfkxrmndfp+

Xb bxtnmg sbkdbp gupfznmgdgmbktb db 7 f 0 sbogx hgdg mbx ufphfkxrmndfp+

Bo upfdrhtf xb sbkdbp bxubhngombktb bk xrubpmbphgdfx/ ~ db ghrbpdf gog ghfandg db ogx mribpbx xb ufdp sbkdbp bk hgxgx db dbhfpghnk/cbpngx gptbxgkgobx/ bth+

Bo mbdnf ugpg urònhntgp krbxtpf upfdrhtf xbp g tpgsx db hgtofafx/ ~tbobsnxnk/ gx mnxmf nkcfpmgpbmfx xf`pb r nhghnk ofx mfdbofx ~ upbhnf+

Og upbxbktghnk db ogx sbogx sbkdp bk hgig ofx db 0 ~ 3 rkndgdbx ~ ogxnkdnsndrgobx bk `foxgx+

Upfhrpgpbmfx wrb bo bksfotfpnf hgrxb `rbkg nmupbxnk dbo upfdrhtf bkofx honbktbx+


54/68


Uankg | 24

Tpgtgpbmfx db np nkkfsgkdf krbxtpf upfdrhtf hfk bo hfppbp dbo tnbmuf/ugpg jghbp cpbktb g og hfmubtbkhng+

SNNN+ HFKHORXNK ^ PBHFMBKDGHNFKBX

Bo mbphgdf db Hjnhog~f bx rk apgk uftbkhngo ugpg og nktpfdrhhnk db sbogxtgoogdgx db`ndf g wrb hrbktg hfk rkg apgk uf`oghnk wrb ghbutgk bxtbupfdrhtf/ db 8:4 mribpbx bktpbsnxtgdgx 045 db boogx bxtgpgk dnxurbxtgx ggdwrnpnp bxtb upfdrhtf/ xrmgkdf g boof ofx pbxrotgdfx f`tbkndfx ufp ofx mtfdfxhrgontgtnsfx tgobx hfmf bo Cfhrx Apfru/ og f`xbpsghnk ~ og bktpbsnxtg+ Of wrbkfx ubpmntn dbtbpmnkgp bo knsbo db ghbutghnk ~ f`tbkbp rk hfkfhnmnbktf db ofxgxubhtfx ~ dbtgoobx wrb bo honbktb pbwrnbpb bk bxtb tnuf db upfdrhtf+

Bo 30 db 8:4 mribpbx bkhrbxtgdgx/ bxtk dnxurbxtgx g gdwrnpnp sbogx tgoogdgx+

Bo ufphbktgib bx rk pbupbxbktghnk `gxtgktb xnakncnhgktb ~g wrb mx db og mntgdbxt dnxurbxtg g gdwrnpnp bxtb upfdrhtf+

Bo honbktb sg g bxtgp dnxurbxtf g ugagp bo upbhnf mknmf ufp bo upfdrhtf/ X&+72/55 - X&+ 7:/55 bx rk nktbpsgof wrb xb kbhbxntg mgkbigp ugpg ufkbpob upbhnf goupfdrhtf wrb xbpg db rk dnxbf ~ tgmgf bxtkdgp/ bk hgxf xn xb pbwrnbpbdbtgoobx ~&f gxubhtfx wrb dbmgkdbk tnbmuf ~ hfxtf xb urbdb grmbktgp boupbhnf db sbktg dbo upfdrhtf+


55/68


Uankg | 22

NZ+ @N@ONFAPGCNG

7+ Sbogyhf/ Ifpab+ 0558+ C`pnhgx db sbogx9 Gugagk xr cogmg+Pbcfpmg+0+ Cbppb/ Ifx Mgpg+ Ofx Bxtrdnfx db Mbphgdf9 Hmf Jghbp rk Bxtrdnf db

Mbphgdf db Cfpmg Uphtnhg+ 05508+ Cbpkkdby/ kabo+ 0554+ Nksbxtnaghnk ~ thknhgx db mbphgdf+4+ Agphg/ Pfxgpnf+ 0555+ Bmupbxgx Bxugfogx bk Ofx Mbphgdfx Nktbpkghnfkgobx+


56/68


Uankg | 23

GKBZF

GKBZF 579 CFTFX DB OG F@XBPSGHNK

UOGYG SBG

Cnarpg K 579 Sbogx UbpcrmgdgxNkdnsndrgo&ubwrbg

Cnarpg K 509 Sbogx UbpcrmgdgxNkdnsndrgo&apgkdb

Cnarpg K 589 Sbogx HfoobhtnfkAgpdbk Cnarpg K 549 Lnka Hgkdbox Nkdnsndrgo


57/68

Cnarpg K 529Sbogx @ogkhgxCnarpg K 539 Onajt Hgkdbox-

Bksfotrpg hfk nmabkbx pbonanfxfx

Hgxg # Ndbgx

Cnarpg K 519 Tnbkdg Hgxg#Ndbgx Cnarpg K 5:9 Sbogx Hgkdbox


58/68


Uankg | 2:

Cnarpg K 5>9 Sbogx Gpfmtnhgx Cnarpg K 759 Sbogx Gpfmgtnygdgx

Cnarpg K 779 Sbogx Prxtnhgx @gp ~ Sbogx Prxtnhgx @gppno


59/68


Uankg | 2>

Tnbkdg DNK

Cnarpg K 70 Sbogx gpfmtnhgx Cnarpg K 789 Honbktb dbhndnkdfxbufp rkg sbog

Cnarpg K 749 Honbktb f`xbpsgkdf sbogx

GKBZF 509 CFTFX DBO CFHRX APFRU

Cnarpg 729 Ugptnhnugktbx dbo CfhrxApfru

Cnarpg K 73 Ugptnhnugktbxdb`gtnbkdf bk bo Cfhrx Apfru


60/68


Uankg | 35

GKBZF 589 Dgtfx pbobsgktbx ugpg krbxtpf Tgpabt

G+ Mbphgdf uftbkhngo

Bo otnmf Hbkxf Kghnfkgo pbgonygdf ufp bo NKBN bk bo gf 0551 xbgog wrb og hnrdgdbk mbkhnk pbanxtp rk tftgo db 255 834 jg`ntgktbx/ hbphg dbo 42 db og ufòghnkbk og pbank/ bxtgpg hfkhbktpgdg bk og hnrdgd db Hjnhog~f+

HRGDPF K 579 Ufòghnk db Hjnhog~f

Bo upfdrhtf bxt dnpnandf go dnxtpntf db Hjnhog~f ufp og mg~fp hfkhbktpghnk dbufòghnk ~ bo mfsnmnbktf db hfkxrmndfpbx wrb upbxbktg bk bxtg+

@+ Tnuf db Ufòghnk

Ugpg boof tbkbmfx bo xnarnbktb hrgdpf9

HRGDPF K 509 Bsforhnk db og ufòghnk rp`gkg ~ prpgo db og pbank

Crbktb9 Hbkxfx Kghnfkgobx db Ufòghnk db 7>45/ 7>37/ 7>10/ 7>:7/ 7>>8/ 0552 ~ 0551 NKBN/ GkrgpnfBxtgdxtnhf Ubp bk Krmbpf 055: Nkxtntrtf Hrgktf X+G+

Go tnuf db ufòghnk g og wrb xb dnpnab bo upfdrhtf bx g og ufòghnk rp`gkg ufpupbxbktgp mg~fp kdnhb db jg`ntgktbx bk og Hnrdgd db Hjnhog~f+ Dfkdb tgm`nkxb pbgonyg bo bxtrdnf pbxubhtnsf+

H+ Bdgdbx db og ufòghnk hjnhog~gkg+

Og upfufphnk db ufòghnk wrb jg`ntg bk pbgx rp`gkgx jg xndf mg~fp g og dbpbgx prpgobx/ nkhorxf dbxdb jghb mx db 85 gfx+ Bxtb gxubhtf db`b xbphfkxndbpgdf bk ogx bxtpgtbangx db sbktgx ugpg bo dbxgppfoof db ofx upfdrhtfx bk

yfkgx rp`gkgx+


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HRGDPF K 589 Ufòghnk bxtnmgdg ufp pgkaf db bdgdbx

Bk hrgktf go akbpf db ofx jg`ntgktbx db og ofhgondgd/ xb f`xbpsg wrb og ufòghnkbxt dnxtpn`rndg db mgkbpg xbmbigktb/ xnbkdf bo 20/4 jg`ntgktb cbmbknkf/ ~ bo

41/3 pbxtgktb db akbpf mgxhronkf+HRGDPF K 549 Ufòghnk ufp akbpf+

Ftpf gxubhtf nmufptgktb wrb xb db`b db tfmgp bk hrbktg bx bo bktfpkf bhfkmnhfdb bxtg hnrdgd/ bxtf nkcor~b bk hrgktf go upbhnf db sbktg dbo upfdrhtf/ ~g wrb dgprk ndbg ugpg cnigp bo upbhnf g sbkdbp+

Hfmf xb urbdb gupbhngp bk bo xnarnbktb apcnhf/ bo U@N pbanfkgo drpgktb bo ubpnfdf7>>2 0553 trsf rkg tbkdbkhng hpbhnbktb hfk tpbx hgdgx xnakncnhgtnsgx bk 7>>3/7>>: ~ 0554 *7/7/ 4/8 ~ 70/>/ pbxubhtnsgmbktb.+ Bo U@N ugx db 4 007

mnoofkbx db krbsfx xfobx bk bo gf 7>>2 g 2 800 mnoofkbx db krbsfx xfobx bk bo0553/ of hrgo pbupbxbkt rk hpbhnmnbktf upfmbdnf gkrgo db 0/7+ Hg`b pbxgotgpwrb/ bo U@N bk bo gf 0553 hpbhn bk 1/7 hfk pbxubhtf go gf gktbpnfp+


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HRGDPF K 529 U@N db og pbank

Xb upbtbkdb kf xof ndbktncnhgp ~ hrgktncnhgp og dnmbkxnk dbo uftbkhngo apruf db`bkbcnhngpnfx/ xnkf hfkfhbp xrx kbhbxndgdbx/ upbcbpbkhngx ~ dbxbfx+ Bo rknsbpxf dbjfagpbx xf`pb bo hrgo xb dbxgppfoo bxtg nksbxtnaghnk hfkxtg db :3 mno cgmnongx

gupfznmgdgmbktb+ Bxtb bx bo kmbpf db jfagpbx wrb ubptbkbhbk g ofx knsbobxxfhnfbhfkmnhfx *KXB. G/ @/ H ~ D db og hnrdgd db Hjnhog~f+ Hg`b pbxgotgp wrb/dnhjg hnrdgd go`bpag 774 4>2 jfagpbx xbak bo otnmf hbkxf pbgonygdf ufp bo NKBN/db ofx hrgobx 12/8 db cgmnongx xb bkhrbktpgk dbktpf dbo m`ntf db gkonxnx+

HRGDPF K 539 Jfagpbx bk Hjnhog~f ufp KXB

Go gkgonygp ofx nkapbxfx ~ agxtfx g knsbo db ofx bxtpgtfx/ xb f`xbpsg wrb bk bo KXBG bo nkapbxf kbtf hfk~rago gxhnbkdb g X&+ 0 4>2/ hncpg mg~fp g og mgkncbxtgdg ufpofx jfagpbx dbo bxtpgtf @/ ofx hrgobx mrbxtpgk rk nkapbxf kbtf hfk~rago db X&+ 74:0+ Ofx jfagpbx dbo bxtpgtf H mgkncnbxtgk tbkbp rk nkapbxf upfmbdnf db X&+ 7 0>2~ cnkgombktb/ bo nkapbxf kbtf dbo KXB D bx db X&+ :50+

Bk pboghnk g ofx agxtfx dbo jfagp/ bo pr`pf bk bo wrb bo agxtf bx mg~fp/ bx bo dbgonmbktfx ~ `b`ndgx/ xbarndf ufp bo agxtf bk gowrnobp+ Bo agxtf upfmbdnf dbo jfagpbk og hnrdgd db Hjnhog~f/ nkhor~bkdf gowrnobp/ bx db X&+ 7 8:4< ~ xnk nkhornp bo agxtfbk gowrnobp/ bo agxtf tftgo `fpdbg ofx X&+ 7 722+


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HRGDPF K 519 Upfmbdnf db ofx nkapbxfx ~ agxtfx dbo jfagp

Hgdg rkf db bxtfx gxubhtfx xfk tbmgx ufxnòbx db nksbxtnaghnk/ wrb pbwrnbpbkrkg mbtfdfofag dbtbpmnkgdg/ go cnk ~ go hg`f xfk upfòbmgx ufxnòbx wrbkbhbxntgk db xforhnfkbx gotbpkgtnsgx+

Og pbxurbxtg g tfdgx bxtgx upbarktgx/ f go mbkfx goarkgx db boogx/ kfx g~rdgp ghfkfhbp mbifp bo mbphgdf bk bo wrb kfx bxtgmfx mfsnbkdf ~ xf`pb tfdf wr ugptbufdbmfx hgutgp dbo mnxmf+

Ofx dgtfx bxtgdxtnhfx wrb xb jgk upbxbktgdfx nkdnhgk bo kmbpf db ubpxfkgx

ufxnòbx db krbxtpf mbphgdf/ gx hfmf xrx bdgdbx/ xrx bxtpgtfx/ xr bktfpkfbhfkmnhf/ xrx nkapbxfx gx hfmf ofx agxtfx/ tfdf bxtf ugpg ufdbp cnigp bo tgpabt+Ufp of tgktf krbxtpf uònhf ubptbkbhb g ogx yfkgx rp`gkgx db Hjnhog~f hfk rkgbdgd mknmg db 7: gfx/ bk bxubhngo g ogx mribpbx db bxtpgtfx G/ @ ^ H+


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GKBZF 549 BKHRBXTG DB NKSBXTNAGHNFK DB MBPHGDF UGPG PBXUBXTF G OGXSBOGX TGOOGDGX

Xfmfx bxtrdngktbx db Nkabknbpg Nkdrxtpngo db og Rknsbpxndgd Hgtonhg Xgktf Tfpn`nf db MfapfsbifRXGT+ Bo f`ibtnsf db bxtg bkhrbxtg bx hfkfhbp bo knsbo db ghbutghnk db sbogx tgoogdgx bk oghnrdgd db Hjnhog~f/ bx ufp bxf wrb xr funknk xbp mr~ sgonfxg ugpg kfxftpfx+ Ufp cgsfp obgapgdbhbpg upfufphnfkgpkfx rk mnkrtf db xr tnbmuf+

Cbhjg9 Jfpg9 VVVVVVVVVVVV

7+ Rxtbd hfmupg sbogx6

X KfXn bx wrb mgphgxb9

X hfktnkr hfk ogx upbarktgx ufxtbpnfpbx+ Kf ugxb dnpbhtf g og upbarktg 07+

0+ Hfk wr cpbhrbkhng hfmupg6

Rkg sby ufp xbmgkg

Hgdg 72 dgx

7 sby ufp mbx

Krkhg

Ftpg9 VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV

8+ Hrgkdf Rd+ hfmupg sbogx/ Wr hgktndgd hfmupg6

7 0Bktpb 0 ~ 4

Bktpb 3 ~ :Ftpfx9 VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV

4+ Wr tnuf db sbog upbcnbpb6

Hfmrkbx

Gpfmtnhgx

Dbhfpgtnsgx ~ Gpfmtnhgx

Ftpgx9 VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV

2+ Hfk wrb f`ibtnsf rxg sbogx6 Urbdb mgphgp mx db rkg gotbpkgtnsg

NormnkgpGpfmgtnygp

DbhfpghnkHpbgp rk gm`nbktb pfmktnhf

Pbogighnk ~ Mbdntghnk Ftpfx9 VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV

3+ Wr tnuf db gpfmgx upbcnbpb bk ogx sbogx6

Xkdgof

Pfmbpf

Pfxgx

Ogsgkdg

Brhgonutf Mgkygknoog

Mbktg

Unkf

Ftpfx9VVVVVVVVVVVVVVV

0570 GM UM


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SBOGX TGOOGDGX

1+ Wr funknk ob mbpbhb sbogx tgoogdgx6

Mr~ nktbpbxgktb

Nktbpbxgktb

Ufhf Nktbpbxgktb

Kgdg Nktbpbxgktb

Kbrtpf

:+ Hmf upbcnbpb wrb xbgk ofx hfofpbx db ogx sbogx tgoogdgx6

Db rk xfof hfofp

Db dfx hfofpbx

Db tpbx hfofpbx

Mx db tpbx hfofpbx

>+ Wr hfofpbx obx arxtgpg wrb tbkag6 Xfof pbxufkdg rkf/ db ghrbpdf g of wrbmgphf bk og upbarktg :

7+ Db rk hfofp9 0+ Db dfx hfofpbx9++ ~8+ Db tpbx hfofpbx9 ++ / ~+++++++++++++++++++++++++++4+ Mx db tpbx hfofpbx9

75+ Wr upbhnf bxtgpg dnxurbxtf g ugagp

INVESTIGACIÓN DE MERCADO DE VELAS TALLADAS

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