Grammar

Beginner - Grammar - Unit 1

El verbo "to be" ("to be or not to be...")

Forma positiva (afirmativa):

I am Yo soy Yo estoy

You are T eres T ests

He / she / it is l/ella es l/ella est

We are Nosotros somos Nosotros estamos

You are Vosotros sois Vosotros estis

They are Ellos son Ellos estn

Ej. I am a student. You are a teacher. She is a manager. They are soldiers. We are clerks.

Formacin de interrogantes:

(las preguntas se forman intercambiando la posicin del verbo y del sujeto)

Am I? Soy? Estoy?

Are you? Eres? Ests?

Is he / she / it? Es? Est?

Are we? Somos? Estamos?

Are you? Sois? Estis?

Are they? Son? Estn?

Ej. Am I a student? Are you a teacher? Is she a manager? Are they soldiers? Are we clerks?

Formacin del negativo(la negacin se forma agregando la palabra "not")

I am not No soy No estoy

You are not No eres No ests

He / she / it is not No es No est

We are not No somos No estamos

You are not No sois No estis

They are not No son No estn

Ej. I am not a student. You are not a teacher. She is not a manager. They are not soldiers. We are not clerks.

En el lenguaje informal y cotidiano se utilizan abreviaciones.

Abreviaciones:

I am = I'm (I'm a boy.)

You are = You're (You're from Poland.)

He is = He's (He's a policeman.)

She is = She's (She's guilty.)

It is = It's (It's an egg.)

We are = We're (We're from the USA.)

You are = You're (You're too fast for me.)

They are = They're (They're from Poland.)

I am not = I'm not (I'm not a student.)

You are not = You aren't (You aren't from Poland.)

He is not = He isn't (He isn't a policeman.)

She is not = She isn't (She isn't guilty.)

It is not = It isn't (It isn't my car.)

We are not = We aren't (We aren't from the USA.)

You are not = You aren't (You aren't my parents.)

They are not = They aren't (They aren't black.)

Algunas abreviaciones tienen dos formas:She isn't o She's not

Ambas formas son correctas y regularmente usadas.

Reglas para el uso del artculo definido "a / an"

Se usa el artculo indefinido "a / an" antes de cualquier sustantivo que cumpla estas condiciones:

1. Cuando hay slo unoEj. a boy, a car, a flat (pero en plural: boys, cars, flats)

2. Cuando son contablesEj. a girl, a year, an apple (pero: water, salt, coffee, tea - porque estos sustantivos son incontables)

3. Aparecen en la forma contable cuando son usados por primera vez y el interlocutor no los conoce.

Cundo se usa "a" y cundo "an"?

Esta es una pregunta importante. Las dos palabras significan lo mismo, pero:

La palabra "a" se utiliza antes de sustantivos que comienzan con una consonante sonora(Ej. a university, a girl, a dog),Mientras que "an" se utiliza antes de sustantivos que comienzan con una vocal sonora(Ej. an elephant, an hour).

Recuerda que las palabras en ingls a menudo se escriben de una forma, pero se pronuncian de otra!