Herramientas multiplataforma para desarrollo de aplicaciones para móvil

Presidente de Grupo ICC SL y responsable de internacionalización de MMI Media Monitor Internacional, empresa de base tecnológica destacada por ICEX como caso de éxito de exportación en España.

Es socio director de Digital de Avisos SL, donde trabaja en la internacionalización de la empresa, en el contexto del Grupo de Comunicación Diario de Avisos.

Dirige la internacionalización de las dos empresas donde es business angel: Subbabel (subtitulado, traducción, accesibilidad audiovisual) y Sunchun (fábrica de dibujos, regalo, merchandising).

Ha participado en el Programa de Impulso de la Franquicia Española de la Fundación Incyde de las Cámaras de Comercio de España y en el programa PipeNet para la internacionalización de empresas de base tecnológica.

Ha participado en dos ocasiones en el programa Pipe de ICEX y en seis proyectos de cooperación transnacional (Programa Marco, Mac, Poctefex), con socios en Alemania, Bulgaria, Madeira, Azores y Marruecos. Jefe de fila del proyecto Atlante Media, consistente en la digitalización de periódicos en Marruecos, Mauritania, Senegal y Cabo Verde.

Autor del libro “Empresas de Éxito en Canarias. Vol. 1: 50 casos de Gran Canaria” (2011, de venta en Amazon Kindle).

Enrique Fárez es:

2

Parte 1ideas clave sobre las

herramientas multiplataformapara desarrolladores móviles

¡! Extraído del documento: “Cross-Platform Developer Tools 2012

Bridging the worlds of mobile apps and the web”

4

Las herramientas multiplataforma están suponiendo una auténtica transformación para los desarrolladores

“Cross-platform tools (CPTs) allow developers to create applications for multiple platforms - usually mobile, but increasinglytablets or TV screens - from almost the same codebase or from within the same design tool. CPTs reduce the cost of platformfragmentation and allow developers to target new platforms at a small incremental cost. More importantly, cross-platform toolsallow software companies targeting multiple platforms to reuse developer skills, share codebases, synchronise releases andreduce support costs.”

PhoneGap y Sencha son las primeras herramientas en la mente de los desarrolladores

“Our survey of over 2,400 developers revealed that PhoneGap and Sencha lead in terms of mindshare, as they are currently usedby 32% and 30% of cross-platform developers, irrespective of their primary tools. Completing the top-5 ranking of our MindshareIndex are Xamarin’s MonoTouch / Mono for Android, Appcelerator and Adobe (Flex). The second half of the top-10 CPTs in termsof current use are Unity, Corona, AppMobi, RunRev and MoSync.”

PhoneGap, Mono y Unity lideran las intenciones de nueva adopción de herramientaspor parte de los desarrolladores

“Our survey indicates that PhoneGap (23%), Xamarin Mono (22%) and Unity (22%) are the tools most developers plan to adopt,irrespective of their primary tool. This market is in constant flux, with developers experimenting and trying out new tools – forexample PhoneGap is a stepping stone to cross-platform development as it leads Mindshare, IntentShare, but also comes thirdin the tools being abandoned. The most widely used CPT accounts for just half of the Mindshare seen in the iOS and Androidplatforms in our Developer Economics 2011 report.”

Ideas clave sobre las herramientas multiplataforma - 1

5

Las herramientas multiplataforma allanan el campo de juego y hacen más accesibleel desarrollo de apps

“Just as the Apple/Google duopoly began to look impenetrable in 2011, a major disruption is flattening the playing field forcompetitors like Microsoft's WP7, RIM’s BlackBerry OS and Samsung's Bada: cross-platform tools are letting developers targetmultiple platforms with low incremental costs and high levels of code reuse.2

Las herramientas multiplataforma transforman el duopolio Apple/Google

“2012 marks an inflexion point in the war of mobile ecosystems where the network effects built by Apple and Google are beingchallenged by an unsuspected new entrant. Cross-platform tools (CPTs) make it easier for example for an iPhone developer toreach Android and Windows Phone 7 users. CPTs dilute network effects by allowing other ecosystems to compete not just interms of the number of apps listed, but also the availability of top apps, the time-tomarket (an app rarely appears at the sametime across all platform app stores) and the overall app quality.”

La democratización del desarrollo, ahora accesible con menos conocimientos de programación

“The dozens of CPTs available cater to every developer segment, from creative designers to C++ gurus to hobbyist websiteenthusiasts to Fortune-500 CIOs. Cross-platform tools reduce barriers to entry and democratise app development, by allowingdevelopers from any language (HTML, Java, C++), any background (hobbyist, pros, agencies, corporates) and any skill level (visualdesigner to hard-core developer) to build mobile apps. The result could be termed a “democratisation” of software development(in the words of Unity’s Dan Adams), in that mobile platforms may be opened up to all types of developers.”


6

Las herramientas multiplataforma superan la frontera de los “early-adopters”

“We have identified over 100 cross-platform developer tools, in a market that’s booming with new players in 2011. Cross-platformtools have passed the “early adopter” phase, and are now moving into mainstream. For example vendor Sencha counts 1.6 millionSDK downloads, Corona apps have reportedly been downloaded 35 million times in 2011, Unity reports 200,000 developers activeeach month, while Appcelerator boasts 35,000 apps published using the tool and deployed on 40 million devices.”

Fusiones, financiación y la supervivencia de las plataformas y herramientas más fuertes

“Since 2011, cross-platform tool vendors have raised major VC funding, have been acquired, or achieved major releases. In theCPT space we have tracked 10 acquisitions, and over US$ 200 million in funding rounds. This is a market that takes cash tosurvive: CPT vendors are subsidizing their entry to market with free products, based on ample VC funding. For example OpenPlugceased operations as it failed to find a monetisation model, with its key challenge being the conversion of freemium users intopaying customers for its support and professional services. CPT vendors without a compelling free product will be washed out bythe competition.”

Abundante volatilidad de los desarrolladores que migran de una herramienta a otra

“The cross-platform tools market is in a state of abundant developer volatility. Our survey revealed that developers are hoping onand off across different tools. There are clear market winners or losers and experimentation is the only means of tool selection.This is a market where there is little developer loyalty, and perceptions are still being formed. This is a great time for well-fundedvendors to establish a beachhead of developer marketing and inch themselves apart in terms of mindshare.”


7

Las herramientas multiplataforma están llevando el HTML más lejos de lo que puedenhacerlo los navegadores

“The purpose of HTML5 has been to extend the capabilities of web apps (those developed using HTML and JavaScript) to moreClosely match the capabilities of native apps. Despite performance disadvantages and fragmentation across different browserversions, HTML5 has emerged as the most widely supported authoring technology for cross-platform apps. Cross-platform toolsare taking HTML further than web browsers can, by allowing web developers to create native smartphone apps. In other words,CPTs are taking HTML5 much further by unifying the authoring side- rather than the runtime side - of the app across platforms.”

Las herramientas multiplataforma han desencadenado la entrada de desarrolladoresprocedentes del desarrollo web al móvil

“CPTs are paving the way for HTML5 to become not a platform, but the mainstream development technology for smartphoneapps. Cross-platform tools are already triggering an influx of web developers; We found that 60% of CPT users, irrespective oftheir primary tool, have more than five years experience in web development. Indeed, cross-platform tools have triggered aninflux of web developers into mobile.”

Las herramientas multiplataforma complementan, no compiten con el desarrollo nativo

“Android and Windows Phone have been constantly evolving, adding hundreds of new APIs from each major version to the next.Due to the rapid advancement of platforms, tools vendors will always be one or two steps behind in terms of features andaccess to the complete set of device capabilities. Developers that create demanding applications like 3D games or apps requiringintense user interaction, exceptionally deep user experience, or apps relying on specific features not available on all platformswill need to be developed using the native SDK. Cross-platform tools will therefore be complementary to native SDKs.”


8

Las apps híbridas combinan lo mejor de los dos mundos: desarrollo móvil basado ennavegador y aplicaciones nativas

“The perennial question for many developers is whether to use a web-browser approach to deploying mobile apps, or whether tocreate native applications. Web apps provide a large addressable market, at the cost of web-only distribution and a comparativelyshallow experience. Native apps allow for much deeper device integration and experiences, but at the cost of a platform-specificaddressable market. Hybrid apps – like those created with PhoneGap – can combine the best of both worlds. Hybrid apps can useweb languages, can be distributed through an app stores and can provide deeper experiences than web-only apps.”

El acceso a plataformas complementarias es la principal motivación de adopción delas herramientas multiplataforma

“The most important CPT selection criterion for developers is the breadth of platforms that the tool supports, cited by nearly 60% ofrespondents. The ability to tap into existing developer skills is the second most important reason for tool selection.”

La monetización es el criterio menos importante

“What’s notable is that monetisation opportunities are the least important selection criterion. It is therefore evident that developersconsider CPTs as a technical means to cross-platform portability, and not as a way to profit.”


Las capacidades y prestaciones de las herramientas multiplataforma, por debajo de lasaplicaciones nativas, son su principal reto

“The biggest barrier to mass adoption of cross-platform tools is feature parity with the native platforms. In his open letter to Adobe,Jobs criticised cross-platform tools for lack of performance and sluggishness in adopting the latest platform features. Indeed, thesame issues were cited by developers in our survey as some of the most important reasons for dropping a tool. Performance wasthe top reason for dropped a tool, cited by 29% of respondents. More importantly, the perception that “cross-platform tools arealways a step behind native” was selected as a top-2 reason for not using CPTs in the first place.”

9

Los desarrolladores empiezan a utilizar las herramientas multiplataforma desde el principiode sus proyectos, y no para una mera adaptación posterior

“With such a broad variety of cross-platform tools, we would expect developers to use them at varying stages of their applicationprojects. Yet, the overriding use case - 75% of respondents irrespective of primary tool - was using CPTs from start to finish, tofully develop an app for multiple platforms As such we see a high level of practicality and commercial acumen in the use ofcross-platform tools; developers are now using CPTs at the very beginning of the app lifecycle - to create cross-platform appsfrom scratch or to prototype - and not to retrofit an app onto a new platform.”

Las herramientas multiplataforma se convertirán en un estándar

“As the platform landscape remains fragmented for the foreseeable future, cross-platform tools will become “business as usual”.The future of mobile development is multi-platform – fewer and fewer developers will be able to afford to be confined to a singleplatform with the limited user reach and monetisation opportunities that implies. The adoption of cross-platform tools is driven bythe ability to reach masses of users, which is the primary consideration for most developer segments. Cross-platform tools areindeed the only cost-effective vehicle for these developers to reach a wide mass of users, and we expect CPT usage to becomecommonplace a result.”


Las herramientas multiplataforma variarán si diferenciación competitiva una vez seestandaricen las prestaciones básicas

“At the onset of 2012, CPT developer selection criteria are heavily skewed towards the breadth of platforms supported by each tool.This picture will change considerably as cross-platform tools vendors advance their products to cover all the major mobile platforms.We expect that by mid-2013, the platforms covered by a CPT will move from a point of differentiation to a point of parity. In thattimeframe, we expect the points of competition to move to later stages of the app lifecycle, with vendors offering componentmarketplaces, end-to-end workflow tools, device adaptation tools, app publishing services and post-download services.”

10

Las herramientas multiplataforma expanden y generan nuevos mercados verticales

“In the sea of 100+ cross-platform tools, vendors are beginning to differentiate by targeting three distinct developer segments:those working on games, enterprise or media apps. Developers in these three segments face distinctly different challenges, workIn distinctly different environments and as such need very different CPT solutions. As tool vendors try to survive in the “red ocean”of dozens of cross-platform tools, we expect CPTs to emerge for the financial sector, media publishers and the healthcare/medicalsector.”

La multi-pantalla es la nueva frontera de las herramientas multiplataforma

“The battle of the software ecosystems is raging across many screens - mobile, tablet, PC and soon smart TV devices – andmulti-screen will be the next frontier for cross-platform tools. Already in our survey, 27% of respondents noted that they alsoTarget Windows PC and 24% target Mac desktops with their main cross-platform tool. However, the complexities of cross-platformdevelopment in a multi-screen environment are growing exponentially and beyond the simple sharing of the code between multipleplatforms. Different screen types have different interaction models, input methods, screen sizes, go-to-market channels and pricingmodels, while developers working on different screens have use varying tool-chains, development cycles and collaboration processes.With the proliferation of users who own more than one connect screen, the next frontier for cross-platform tools will be multi-screen.”


Parte 2Análisis de herramientas

y servicios online parael desarrollo de Apps

¿?

12

Uno de los criterios utilizados en el documento “Cross-Platform Developer Tools 2012 Bridging the worlds of mobile apps and the web” para clasificar lasherramientas multiplataforma es su curva de aprendizaje.

Hemos seleccionado las herramientas identificadas de menor cuva deaprendizaje y por lo tanto que requieren menos conocimientos previos deprogramación.

Herramientas multiplataforma y curva de aprendizaje

13

Plataforma (1-5) Curva deaprendizaje

Precio* Editor visualpropio

Requiere programación

Opción básica

Opción Avanzadas

1. Adobe Flex 3,9 Gratuito Gratuito NO SI - actionScript

2. Appcelerator 3,7 Gratuito Presupuesto SI SI - Xcode, JS, sDoc, xml, php

3. Corona 4,3 $199 $349 NO SI - Xcode, JS, sDoc, xml, php

4. MonoTouch 4,2 $399 $999 NO SI - Xcode, JS, sDoc, xml, php5. RunRev LiveCode 4,2 $499 $999 SI SI - Xcode, JS, sDoc, xml, php

6. jQuery Mobile 4,4 Gratuito Gratuito NO SI - JQuery

*Precio por licencia completa. Usualmente, incluye un año de soporte técnico en la mayoría de los casos.

Herramientas multiplataforma: características destacadas

141. Adobe Flex

15

1. Adobe Flex

16

1. Adobe Flex

17

1. Adobe Flex

182. Appcelerator

19

2. Appcelerator

20

2. Appcelerator

21

2. Appcelerator

223. Corona

23

3. Corona

24

3. Corona

25

3. Corona

264. MonoTouch / Droid

27


28


29


305. RunRev LiveCode

31

5. RunRev LiveCode

32

5. RunRev LiveCode

33

5. RunRev LiveCode

346. jQuery Mobile

Herramientas multiplataforma para desarrollo de aplicaciones para móvil

Technology

Transcript of Herramientas multiplataforma para desarrollo de aplicaciones para móvil