7/30/2019 Hebreos Catlicos: Hermann Cohen, Apstol de La Eucarista - Charles Sylvain

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Ebazcnu Uycvaik

Bnz`akk Ehbnk#a}uthc dn ca N~eaziuta

O~kdaeik GZATIU DATN]a`}chka :==># : ndieik

7/30/2019 Hebreos Catlicos: Hermann Cohen, Apstol de La Eucarista - Charles Sylvain

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Ebazcnu Uycvaik Bnz`akk Ehbnk# a}uthc dn ca N~eaziuta

Iktzhd~eeik

Ca iknu}nzada ehkvnzuik y }zhonuik zncigihua dnc oa-`huh }iakiuta Bnz`akk ea~u nk ca N~zh}a dn `ndia-dhu dnc uigch RIR ~k khtajcn znv~nch# q~n dih c~gaz# th-dava nk vida dnc }zh}ih Bnz`akk# a acg~kau }~jcieaeih-knu uhjzn nc tn`a+

^khu ahu dnu}~u dn u~ `~nztn# a}aznei ca q~n bauidh# }zetiea`nktn bauta k~nutzhu dau# ca jihgzaoa unrtnkua y eh`}cnta dnc o~kdadhz dn ca Adhzaeik Khe-t~zka# ca hjza dnc eakkigh Ebazcnu Uycvaik# _in d~ Z+]+ Bnz`akk# nk zncigihk A~g~utik-@azin d~ Tzu-Uaikt-Uaezn`nkt"H~dik# ]hitinzu 1221# 5>4 }gu+)# dn ca q~nun bieinzhk k~`nzhuau znndieihknu bauta 19:>+

Nuta hjza# tnz`ikada nk 122=# o~n nuezita }aztinkdh dno~nktnu ung~zau y k~`nzhuau6 nc Diazih zndaetadh }hzBnz`akk dnudn nc da dn u~ ja~tih< ca eazta q~n ac dauig~inktn dn u~ ja~tiu`h dizign ac }adzn Acohkuh @azaZatiujhkkn< nc zncath dn u~ vida `~kdaka# nuezith }hzhjndinkeia< u~u `ak~uezithu dn diue~zuhu y unz`hknu# 4>4 }gu+)+ ]zhkth un dih a cai`}znkta ~ka ung~kda ndieik "Enktzh dn ]zh}agakda dnUakta Tnznua dnc Kih Fnuu# Jazenchka 1944# 454 }gu+)+

@u zneinktn nu ca jihgzaoa nuezita }hz Dh` Fnak@azin Jna~zik# Ocebn dn on~< cn ]zn A~g~utik-@azind~ Tzu Uaikt Uaezn`nkt# Bnz`akk Ehbnk "12:1-1271)"ditihku Ozaken-N`}izn# ]azu 1921 y ditihku d~]azviu# Ba~tnviccn# U~ia# 1922# 597 }gu+)+ Nk nuta hjzaun n`}cnak dhe~`nkthu q~n Uycvaik kh ehkhei+ Dh`Jna~zik# jnkndietikh dn Ohktgh`ja~ct# nk Ozakeia# nukinth dn Gnhzgnu Za~kbni`# ~k uhjzikh dnc }adznBnz`akk+

Ya nk nc }znoaeih dn u~ hjza# Dh` Jna~zik dnutaea cauaktidad dnc }adzn Bnz`akk# aenzea dnc e~ac nc }adzneaz`ncita @azin-A`akd# _ien-]hut~cadhz dn cau Ea~uaudnc Eaz`nch# nk 195?# cn ehkonuaja6

Thdhu chu Eaz`nchu q~n bak ehkheidh ac }adzn Bnz`akk# u~}n-zihznu y bnz`akhu# bak }nkuadh y tnuti`hkiadh q~n nza ~k uakth#~k vnzdadnzh uakth+

]~nu jink# ehk `htivh dn encnjzazun nk 1992 chu eink-th eike~nkta ahu dn ca }zi`nza vigicia dn ca Adhzaeik

Khet~zka# o~kdada nk ]azu }hz Bnz`akk Ehbnk nc ? dn

diein`jzn dn 1242# ca Adhzaeik Khet~zka Nu}ahca y caO~kdaeik GZATIU DATN hoznenk nc }znunktn cijzh a chucnethznu dn bajca nu}ahca y nu}neiac`nktn a chu adhza-dhznu+

Un tzata dn ~ka vnzuik ajznviada dn ca }zi`nza ndi-eik nu}ahca dn ca hjza dn Uycvaik "195>)+ Bn znu~`idhh nci`ikadh ~ebhu eh`nktazihu dnc a~thz# }nzh nk ea`-jih bn ehkunzvadh thdhu chu dathu uhjzn Bnz`akk Eh-bnk y chu tnrthu }nzuhkacnu u~yhu# eh`h cau eitau dn u~

Diazih# eaztau# nte+ @n bn viuth nk ca knenuidad dn `hdioi-eaz ehkuidnzajcn`nktn ca tzad~eeik# af~utkdhca ac nu}a-hc aet~ac+ Y bn iktzhd~eidh ta`jik nk nc tnrth chu u~j-tt~chu+

Nktzn ehzebntnu \dn nutn `hdhP bn aadidh acg~khudathu q~n bhy kh }~ndnk dazun }hz uajidhu+ Ac oikac dn cahjza hozneh ~ka Ezhkhchga dn Bnz`akk Ehbnk# aueh`h cau onebau }zikei}acnu dnc @azeh biutzieh dn u~vida+

Una nc Unhz gchzioieadh }hz ca ad`izajcn hjza dn gza-eia y uaktidad q~n znaci nk nc }adzn Bnz`akk+

Y q~n nutn cijzh# }hz hjza dnc Nu}zit~ Uakth# nkeinkda

nk chu cnethznu aq~nc o~ngh dn a`hz ik`nkuh q~n azdink nc ehzak dn Bnz`akk Ehbnk baeia Eziuth# znac`nk-tn }znunktn nk ca uagzada N~eaziuta+

Fhu @aza Izaj~z~Ehkuiciazih dihenuakh dn ca

Adhzaeik Khet~zka Nu}ahca]a`}chka

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Kaei`inkthn ikoakeia dn Bnz`akk

Chu EhbnkBnz`akk Ehbnk kaei nc 1= dn khvin`jzn dn 12:=#

bifh dn David-Ajzaba` Ehbnk y dn Zhuaca Jnkfa`k+ Ncc~gaz dn u~ kaei`inkth o~n Ba`j~zgh# ei~dad cijzn dnAcn`akia# uit~ada nk ca hzicca dnzneba dnc Ncja# kh cnfhu

dn u~ dnun`jhead~za nk nc `az dnc Khztn+Nktzn cau k~`nzhuau oa`iciau f~dau# q~n dnudn baen

uigchu bajitak nk ca ei~dad# ecnjzn }hz ca aetividad dn u~eh`nzeih# chu Ehbnk he~}ajak ~k c~gaz }znn`iknktn }hzu~ ohzt~ka# au eh`h }hz u~ iktncignkeia nk chu kngheihu+Dnuenkdak dn ca aktig~a tzij~ ehkuagzada ac unzvieihdnc tn`}ch dn Fnz~uack+ Nc kh`jzn dn Ehbnk# e~nktaBnz`akk `iu`h nk u~u Ehkonuihknu# uigkioiea uaenzdh-tn nk bnjznh# y chu q~n ccnvak nutn kh`jzn uhk chu dnu-enkdinktnu dnc gzak uaenzdhtn Aazk# dn ca tzij~ dn Cnv+E~akdh chu Ehbnkki` un nke~nktzak nk ca uikaghga# nfnz-enk eh`h ~k ui`~caezh dn uaenzdheih< u~jnk cau gzadaudnc uakt~azih# nrtinkdnk cau akhu y jnkdienk ac }~njch+

Zne~nzdh# dnea u tazdn Bnz`akk# bajnz viuth a i }adzn y au~u bnz`akhu daz nuta jnkdieik+

Nc knhf~dau`hNc e~cth f~dh# uik n`jazgh# baja ung~idh nk Ba`j~zgh

chu }zhgznuhu y ~uhu dn k~nutza eiviciaeik `hdnzka+Chu q~n un dneak `u ic~utzadhu# nktzn chu dnuenkdink-tnu dn Ajzaba`# ohzfazhk ~ka nu}nein dn znohz`a# y ezna-zhk ~k knhf~dau`h+ Ca `iu`a cnkg~a bnjzna o~n dnu-e~idada6 un }zndieaja nk acn`k# un baja dnfadh dn cnnznc Tac`~d# y htzau vaziau ikkhvaeihknu bajak bnebh dnu-a}aznenz }heh a }heh chu vinfhu vnutigihu dnc aktig~h zithdn ca uikaghga+ Chu Ehbnk un bajak ehcheadh dnc cadhdn chu znohz`adhznu# y ae~dak ehk u~u bifhu a cau aua`-

jcnau dn uthu+]zi`nzau vivnkeiau zncigihuau

Nc }nq~nh Bnz`akk nr}nzi`nktaja einzta zn}~gkakeiaikutiktiva }hz tacnu khvndadnu# y unkta `ayhz iktnzu}hz cau enzn`hkiau aktig~au q~n un bajak ehkunzvadh+

E~akdh vna# dien# ac zajikh u~jiz cau gzadau dnc uakt~azih# dnu-ehzznz ca ehztika y ajziz ~ka }~nzta# n baccaja nk uhcn`kn nu}nza+

U~ ac`a unkta ya eh`h nc }znunkti`inkth y ca knenui-dad dnc ikoikith q~n baja dn ccnkazca ~k da+ Nutau enzn-`hkiau# a }nuaz dn ch q~n tnkak dn `afnut~huh n i`}h-knktn# dnfajak uin`}zn# uik n`jazgh# ~k gzak vaeh nku~ ehzak+

@i nr}netaeik kh nza k~kea uatiuoneba e~akdh vna a chu cnvi-tau uaeaz ehk `~eba uhcn`kidad ~k gzak zhcch dn }nzga`ikh un`-jzadh dn cntzau bnjzaieau y zn`atadh }hz ~ka ehzhka znac# nkv~ncthnk ~ka jhcua dn `agkoieh }ah+ Ccnvajak nkthkenu y }hkak ehkgzak enzn`hkia nc zhcch nk ~k atzic< q~itajak nc nkvhcthzih y caehzhka< ch dnunkzzhccajak y cnak cau uaktau Nuezit~zau# i`}znuau nkbnjznh+ Nutaja yh ccnkh dn akuindad d~zaktn thda ca enzn`hkia+

J~ueaja ya nr}cieazun nc unktidh dn ca enzn`hkia# yb~jinza q~nzidh }nkntzaz u~u iutnzihuau uigkioieaeihknu

tzaeik dn tnzk~za# y `inktzau u~ `adzn cn e~jza dneazieiau y dn cgzi`au# dizigikdhcn cau zneh`nkdaeihknu`u aonet~huau y }znviuhzau# c un `hutzaja i`}aeinktny uch au}izaja a ca bhza dn ca cijnztad y dnc adihu+

Nutn viafn dn acg~kau un`akau cn nkeakt# dnuazzhccak `u nc }hdnz dn u~ i`agikaeik# y vhcvi a Ba`j~zghehk nc }zh}uith thdava `u oiz`n# ui eajn# dn unz ~k gzakaztiuta+ Un azzhf# }~nu# ehk azdhz }hz nuta k~nva va+

Nc catk# nc gzingh y nc bnjznh un bajak hcvidadh< }nzh# nk ea`-jih# aadn# a chu dhen ahu a}znkd ~ebau htzau ehuau e~yh ehkh-ei`inkth o~n o~knuth }aza i ac`a+

]zi`nzhu tzi~kohuChu adncakthu q~n bih o~nzhk tak z}idhu y azavicchuhu

q~n un f~g baja ccngadh ca bhza dn }znunktazch ac }-jcieh+ U~ anutzh dnja daz ~k ehkeinzth nk Acthka# ehknc ehke~zuh dn htzhu dhu dn u~u ac~`khu dn `~eba `undad# }zhonuhznu ya# y bhkz a Bnz`akk ad`itikdhcn aoig~zaz nk ca uhcn`kn zn~kik+ Nc kih o~n a}ca~didui`h+

Nkthkenu un dneidinzhk a }znunktazch nk ~k tnatzh dn`u i`}hztakeia# aktn ~k }jcieh `u dioeic y nktnkdi-dh# nk Ba`j~zgh iu`h# u~ ei~dad katac+ Nc rith nren-

dih ac dn chu dau }znendnktnu+ Thdh ch q~n ca ei~dadehktaja dn diutikg~idh y dn ic~utzn un baja dadh eita}aza hz ac }nq~nh }zhdigih< ca uaca nutaja atnutada# y acda uig~inktn ca ei~dad nktnza kh bajcaja uikh dnc tacnkthnrtzahzdikazih dn Bnz`akk+

Un eh`}znkdn q~n tacnu rithu n`jziagazak u~ ikoaktici`agikaeik# y ca `adzn# ak `u onci aeauh q~n u~bifh# ya kh vna hjute~ch acg~kh a ca znaciaeik dn chuu~nhu q~n u~ a`hz atnzkh aeazieiaja dnudn baea ~-ebh tin`}h nk oavhz dn u~ idhcatzadh Bnz`akk+ Eh`hthdau cau `adznu digkau dn tac kh`jzn# un znuhcvi athdhu chu uaezioieihu }aza baenz dn u~ bifh ~k vnzdadnzhaztiuta+ Ch ehkd~fh }zi`nza`nktn a ca ehztn dnc Gzak

D~q~n dn @nelcn`j~zgh-Utzncit# c~ngh a u~ vneikh nc}zkei}n bnzndnzh# nc Gzak D~q~n dn Uebwnzikg+ Y ba-jinkdh nktnzadh ca unhza dn Ehbnk a chu }zkei}nu dn u~dnunh dn ccnvaz a u~ bifh a ]azu# cau Actnau cn hozneinzhkeaztau dn zneh`nkdaeik }aza u~u `ikiutzhu }cnki}htnk-eiazihu enzea dnc Zny dn Ozakeia+ C~ngh ehc`azhk dneazieiau y zngachu ac fhvnk Bnz`akk+

Zngznua`hu# dien# tzi~koaktnu a Ba`j~zgh+

]nq~nh aeeidnktnA }nuaz dn chu rithu y uatiuoaeeihknu dn ca vakidad#

Bnz`akk ehktik~aja uinkdh thdava ~k kih# y nut~vh a}~kth dn eh`}zh`ntnz thdh u~ }hzvnkiz }hz ung~iz ncdnunh dn ghchuikau+

Cn g~utaja ~ebh nc d~cen# y ~k da o~n uneznta`nktny nk uicnkeih bauta ca dnu}nkua# y ehk }zhktit~d iktzhd~-fh ca akh nk nc tazzh dn ehkoit~za+ Dnugzaeiada`nktn# nctazzh dn eziutac nutaja zhth# y ehk ca avidn }znei}itadaq~n }~uh Bnz`akk nk eh`ntnz nc ikhenktn catzheikih# unehzt nk ca `akh dn `aknza tak gzavn# q~n nc kdiennut~vh eaui dnu}znkdidh }hz ~ka akeba y uakgzinkta bn-zida+ I`agknun nc dhchz dn ca `adzn y ca dnunu}nzaeikdnc ebieh+

Uik n`jazgh# nc `ac kh o~n tak gzakdn eh`h un tn`ink ~k }zikei}ih+ Bnz`akk e~z jautaktn }zhkth< }nzh u~`adzn ya kh bajcaja `u dn iz a ]azu+ Uik n`jazgh#

k~nutzh fhvnk a`jieihuh kh baja hcvidadh ca }zh`nua`atnzka# y ehk u~ticna y h}hzt~kidad# cn znehzd nc eh`-}zh`iuh ehktzadh dn ccnvazch a ]azu+

Q~ dizak# nk noneth# nk @nelcn`j~zgh ui kh un unz-va dn cau eaztau dn zneh`nkdaeik q~n cn bajak oaeici-tadh tak a`ajcn`nktn8 Adn`u# q~ }hda baenz dnudn

nkthkenu nk Ba`j~zgh8 Kh cn baja nkunadh u~ `anu-tzh thdh ch q~n uaja8 ]hz q~ dntnknzun dn nutn `hdhnk nc ea`ikh dn ca encnjzidad y zh`}nz ~k }hzvnkiz q~nehk tak jziccaktnu au}nethu un }znunktaja8

]hz u~ }aztn# ca `adzn kh q~nza `u q~n dnfazun ehk-vnkenz+

Nc unhz Ehbnk tzajafaja }nkhua`nktn }aza znehku-tit~iz chu ncn`nkthu dn u~ ohzt~ka# y# aktn chu gzakdnugzav`nknu q~n uhjzn c }nuajak# kh h}~uh kikg~ka di-oie~ctad a ca }aztida dn u~ `~fnz y dn u~u bifhu+

]zi`nza eh`}huieik `~uieac@inktzau un baeak chu }zn}azativhu# Bnz`akk eh`}~-

uh ~ka eaktata nk bhkhz dn u~ `adzn }aza uhcn`kiaz ncda dn u~ oinuta+ Nuta }zi`nza eh`}huieik `~uieac# a}nuaz dn ca f~vnkt~d dn u~ a~thz# nutaja ya `azeada }hznc }zho~kdh unkti`inkth zncigihuh q~n nkehktza`hu eauiuin`}zn nk cau dionznktnu hjzau dn nutn aztiuta nk ca `iu-`a }hea dn u~u `ayhznu tzi~kohu nk uheindad y dn u~u`u gzavnu dnuzdnknu+

Un ehkuidnz q~n ca eaktata nza digka dn ca i`}znkta# yu~u a`ighu# ehk nc anutzh ac oznktn# un dndieazhk a znac-az# nk chu diazihu dn ca cheacidad# chu `zithu dn ca hjza+Bnz`akk aehgi chu nchgihu ehk nkt~uiau`h# un bikebdn hzg~cch# y# eznykdhun ya ~k bh`jzn dn gnkih# }aztiuik eajnzcn d~da acg~ka dn u~ tzi~koh dnoikitivh+

]azuU~ u~oieinkeia nu tak gzakdn q~n ki uiq~inza f~ga kn-

enuazih }zn}azazun y nut~diaz aktnu dn eh`}aznenz aktnnc }jcieh+ U~ `adzn cn baen iktic`nktn a`ajcnu zn}zh-ebnu< }nzh# ungk c ehkoinua#

baja ya }nzdidh thdh znu}nth# dnuhjndnea ajinzta`nktn y `nezna ikdn}nkdinktn+

Chu rithu q~n hjt~vh nk cau dionznktnu ei~dadnu nk

q~n }azazhk# nk ca ehztn dn Bakkhvnz# nk Eauunc# nkOzakeohzt# nte+# chu nchgihu q~n cn }zhdigajak chu aztiutau`u zn}~tadhu f~utioieajak a u~u }zh}ihu hfhu u~ faetak-eia# y nzak htzhu takthu azg~`nkthu izzno~tajcnu q~n h}h-ka a cau unkuatau y }z~dnktnu hjunzvaeihknu dn u~ `a-dzn+

@nt o~n ca cti`a nta}a dn chu viafnzhu# y eh`h uikd~da kh bajak th`adh cau h}hzt~kau ndidau# un vinzhka`nkaadhu dn q~ndazun nk dieba ei~dad u tin`}h dncq~n b~jinunk dnunadh+ Nk ca dicignkeia }jciea kh q~nda-jak u q~n uitihu ike`hdhu q~n hoznenzcnu+ Eh`h nuth}auaja nk nc `nu dn f~cih y nc eachz nza ehkuidnzajcn# caunhza dn Ehbnk vaeicaja nk }hknzun nk ea`ikh# u nk

iktnzu dn u~u bifhu q~n ca aeh`}aajak q~n }hz ncca iu-`a+ ]nzh Bnz`akk nutaja i`}aeinktn }hz ccngaz a ]azu1P+

^k vinzknu dn `ayh dn 1247 \e~akdh Bnz`akk tnkavniktiuiu ahuP# nc }zkei}n dn ca @huehwa cn zhg unuizvinza znn`}caazcn nk ca dizneeik dn ~k ehzh dn aoi-eihkadhu nk ca igcnuia dn uakta _acnzia# uita nk ca eaccn dnJhzgha+ Bnz`akk viva nk ca vneikdad y acc o~n ehkg~uth+ Nk nc aeth dn ca jnkdieik \ehk nc Uaktui`h Ua-eza`nkthP# nr}nzi`nkt

~ka nrtzaa n`heik# eh`h zn`hzdi`inkthu dn th`az }aztn nkca jnkdieik# nk ca e~ac eaznea ajuhc~ta`nktn dn dnznebhu }azanutaz eh`}znkdidh+ Uik n`jazgh# ca n`heik nza gzata y o~nztn# yunkta ~k acivih dnuehkheidh+

_hcvi a ca igcnuia chu vinzknu uig~inktnu# y uin`}zn nknc aeth nk q~n nc uaenzdhtn jnkdnea ehk ca e~uthdia a chuoincnu azzhdiccadhu# nr}nzi`nktaja ca `iu`a i`}znuik+Unkta ~k nueachozh ikvhc~ktazih# y bajza dnzza`adhaj~kdaktnu cgzi`au ui nc znu}nth b~`akh kh ch b~jinzazntnkidh+ Kh uaja e`h nr}cieaz nutau n`heihknu dnu-ehkheidau# nrtzahzdikaziau# }hdnzhuau# q~n un a}hdnza-jak dn c uin`}zn nk cau `iu`au eize~kutakeiau+ Nc `nudn `ayh }au# y ehk c cau uhcn`kidadnu `~uieacnu nkbhkhz dn @aza+ ]nzh Bnz`akk# uik dazun e~nkta nraetadnc o~nztn ikutikth q~n ch dh`ikaja# eada dh`ikgh vhcvaa uakta _acnzia }aza auiutiz a `iua+

Dnunhu dn ikutz~eeik eatciea_iva nkthkenu Bnz`akk ehk Adacjnzth dn Jna~`hkt#dn e~ya jijcihtnea ehgi ~k vinfh dnvheihkazih# nk nrtzn-`h }hcvhzinkth# nc e~ac baja unzvidh nk htzhu tin`}hu aca `adzn dn u~ a`igh# y q~n kh baja uidh ajinzth dnudnq~ik uajn e~kth tin`}h+ @ic }nkua`inkthu vnkak a u~

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eajna# y cn ehku~`ak nc ehzak au}izaeihknu azdink-tnu# nkazdneidau baeia ~k idnac dnuehkheidh+

Nk chu }zi`nzhu dau dn f~cih# `akionut a ca D~q~nua dnZa~k nc nutadh iknr}cieajcn dn u~ ac`a# y aeaj ac oikzhgkdhcn q~n ch }~uinza nk zncaeik ehk ~k uaenzdhtn ea-tcieh+ Nr}nzi`nktaja nc vivh dnunh dn ikutz~izun nk chudhg`au dn ~ka zncigik baeia ca e~ac un unkta azzautzadhdn ~ka ohz`a izznuiutijcn+ ]nzh nc dn`hkih tzajafaja ta`-jik# }hz u~ }aztn# y vaziau eize~kutakeiau# ~ka ikdiu}hui-

eik dn ca D~q~nua# ~khu ehkeinzthu# ~ka acngzn nre~zuikac ea`}h# vikinzhk a h}hknzun a ca }zhkta znaciaeik dn u~u}zhynethu+

Nc uaenzdhtn CngzakdOikac`nktn#dnu}~u dn vazihu htzhu zntzauhu y ozakq~nadhu acg~khu hjut-

e~chu# ehkhe ac uaenzdhtn Cngzakd# }zh`hthz oiueac dnc azhjiu}hdn ]azu# y cn ehkt ch q~n `n baja }auadh+ @n nue~eb ehkiktnzu# y c~ngh `n nrbhzt a ca eac`a# a ca }nzunvnzakeia nk `iudiu}huieihknu }znunktnu# y a ca ehkoiaka ajuhc~ta nk cau vau q~n cadivika ]zhvidnkeia kh dnfaza dn ikdieaz`n+ @n nktzng c~ngh ncEh`}nkdih dn ca dhetzika eziutiakadn Cbh`hkd+

Ca jnkvhca y a`ajcn aehgida dnc necnuiutieh `n i`}znuihk

viva`nktn n bih eanz dn ~k ghc}n ~kh dn chu }znf~ieihu u ucida-`nktn azzaigadhu nk `i `nktn+ Tnka `indh dn chu uaenzdhtnu!+++Dnugzaeiada`nktn kh chu ehkhea `u q~n }hz ca cnet~za dn caukhvncau q~n khu chu zn}znunktak eh`h bh`jznu ikthcnzaktnu# q~nuik enuaz tinknk nk chu cajihu cau a`nkaau dn ca nreh`~kik y caucca`au dnc ikoinzkh+ Y `n nkehktz nk }znunkeia dn ~k bh`jznikutz~idh# hdnuth# j~nkh# ozakeh# q~n ch nu}nzaja thdh dn Dihu ykada dn u iu`h! Nk tacnu diu}huieihknu }azt }aza N`u# ei~dad dnAcn`akia# }aza daz ~k ehkeinzth+++

Nk ca }azzhq~ia acn`aka dn N`uA}nkau b~jn ccngadh a dieba ei~dad# viuit ac }zzheh dn ca

}nq~na igcnuia eatciea# }aza q~ink nc uaenzdhtn Cngzakd n bajadadh ~ka eazta dn zneh`nkdaeik+ Nc ung~kdh da dnu}~u dn `iccngada# nza ~k dh`ikgh# nc 2 dn aghuth# y# uik znu}nth b~`akh# a

}nuaz dn ca }znunkeia dn iu a`ighu# o~i a hz iua+Acc# }heh a }heh# chu ektiehu# cau hzaeihknu# ca }znunkeia

ikviuijcn# y uik n`jazgh unktida }hz ` dn ~k }hdnz uhjznb~`a-kh# n`}nazhk a agitaz`n# a t~zjaz`n# a baenz`n tn`jcaz+ Nk ~ka}acajza# ca gzaeia divika un eh`}caea nk dnzza`azun uhjzn `ehk thda u~ o~nza+ Nk nc aeth dn ca ncnvaeik# a tzavu dn `iu}z}adhu# unkt dn }zhkth jzhtaz ~k dic~vih dn cgzi`au q~n khenuajak dn ehzznz ehk gzata aj~kdakeia a ch cazgh dn iu nficcau+++Hb `h`nkth }hz uin`}zn fa`u `n`hzajcn }aza ca uac~d dn `iac`a! Tn tnkgh ab# }znunktn nk ca nktn# ehk thdau cau unkuaeihknuencnutiacnu q~n `n tzafiutn dn ch Acth+++ Ikvheh ehk azdhz ac Dihuthdh}hdnzhuh y iunziehzdihuui`h# a oik dn q~n nc d~cen zne~nzdhdn t~ jnccna q~ndn ntnzka`nktn gzajadh nk `i ehzak# ehk chunutig`au i`jhzzajcnu dn ~ka on a thda }z~nja y dn ~k agzadnei`ink-th a ca ndida dnc ik`nkuh oavhz dn q~n un ba digkadh ehc`az`n+

Nr}nzi`nkt nkthkenu ch q~n uik d~da uak Ag~utk dnji dnunktiz nk u~ fazdk dn Eauieaeh ac hz nc oa`huh Thccn# cngn+++\th`ay cnnP< ch q~n ~utnd# `i q~nzidh ]adzn# dnji nr}nzi`nktaz nk caigcnuia dn Uak Akdzu dn Zh`a# nc := dn nknzh dn 1245# e~akdh caUaktui`a _izgnk un digk a}aznezuncn+++

Zne~nzdh bajnz cchzadh acg~kau vnenu nk `i ikoakeia< }nzh fa-`u# fa`u baja ehkheidh cgzi`au }azneidau+ @inktzau `n aknga-jak# unkta u~zgiz dn ch `u }zho~kdh dn `i }nebh bnzidh }hz `iehkeinkeia# chu zn`hzdi`inkthu `u dhchzhuhu }hz thda `i vida}auada+

Dn }zhkth# y nu}hktkna`nktn# eh`h }hz ikt~ieik# n`}ne a`akionutaz a Dihu ~ka ehkonuik gnknzac iktnzihz y z}ida dn thdaucau nkhz`nu oactau eh`ntidau dnudn i ikoakeia+ Cau nutaja vinkdhacc# }~nutau aktn }hz iccaznu# bhzzijcnu# zn}~gkaktnu# auq~nzh-uau# q~n `nzneak thda ca ecnza dnc f~n uhjnzakh+++ Y ac `iu`h

tin`}h unkta ta`jik# }hz ~ka eac`a dnuehkheida q~n }zhkthvikh anrtnkdnzun uhjzn i ac`a eh`h jcua`h ehkuhcadhz# q~n ncDihu dn iunziehzdia n cau }nzdhkaza# dnuviaza dn iu ez`nknuu~ `izada# q~n tnkdza }indad dn `i uikenza ehktzieik y dn `ia`azgh dhchz+++ U# unkt q~n n ehkenda u~ gzaeia# y q~n ac }nzdh-kaz`n# aen}taja nk nr}iaeik ca oiz`n znuhc~eik q~n baea dn a`azchuhjzn thdau cau ehuau y dnudn nkthkenu ehkvnztiz`n a c+

Ac uaciz dn nuta igcnuia dn N`u# nza ya eziutiakh+ U# tak eziutiakheh`h nu }huijcn unzch e~akdh kh un ba zneijidh ak nc uakth ja~tiu-`h+++

Dnvheik a ca _izgnk @azaAc uaciz dn ca igcnuia# Bnz`akk nkehktz a ca nu}hua dnc

n`jafadhz dn ~ka dn cau `u aktig~au ehztnu dn N~zh}aaktn nc ghjinzkh ozakeu+ Ca j~nka unhza }zhkth eh`-}znkdih q~n a Bnz`akk cn baja }auadh acgh nrtzahzdika-

zih nk viuta dn u~ n`heik y dn u~u }acajzau nractadau+Cn iktnzzhg# y# n`jziagadh }hz ca oncieidad# utn cn ehktchu jnknoieihu dn q~n ca gzaeia divika cn baja ehc`adh+

Ca unhza n difh# aadn Bnz`akk# q~n dnja atzij~iz thdau caugzakdnu gzaeiau q~n uhjzn un bajak dnzza`adh a ca iktnzenuik dnca _izgnk @aza# a ca q~n dnja ehkuagzaz ~k e~cth nu}neiac+ C~ngh`n dih ~ka nuta`}a dnc iutnzih dn u~ gchzihua Au~keik+

\Eh`h nk ung~ida vnzn`hu# nc :2 dn aghuth o~n ja~ti-adh+ Y ~khu dau dnu}~u nuezija6P

Eada }auh q~n dnudn nutn da bn tnkidh ca dieba dn daz nk ncea`ikh dn Eziuth y a~kq~n `n q~ndak `~ebui`hu q~n daz# uikn`jazgh# chu q~n bn dadh uhk nkhz`nu# ui `izh baeia atzu# hboncieidad# thdhu chu }auhu# thdhu chu adncakthu# chu dnjh dn aknzajink nvidnktn a k~nutza `adzn eh`k# a ca j~nka y uakta _izgnk#

zno~gih dn }neadhznu# q~n eada da bn i`}chzadh ehk onzvhz }aza q~nzhgaza }hz ` a u~ adhzajcn Bifh# K~nutzh Unhz y Uacvadhz+

Onzvhz nk ]azuNc da uig~inktn dn nutn da jnkdith# i`}aeinktn }hz ehk-

taz cau n`heihknu dnc `iu`h ac uaenzdhtn Cngzakd#Bnz`akk dnfa N`u y zngznua a ]azu+ A u~ ccngada nutdnuehkheidh# vnzdadnza`nktn tzakuohz`adh }hz ca gza-eia# q~n dn `aknza tak }zho~kda ch ba ehk`hvidh+ Unnkeinzza nk u~ e~azth# nut~dia ca dhetzika dnc eziutiakiu-`h# }nzh cn ba dnuenkdidh ya dn Azzija ca on# e~yau }ze-tieau hjunzva eh`h ui nut~vinun ya ja~tiadh+

Cau hzaeihknu dn ca aaka y dn ca khebn# ca nditaeik# ca iua#cau vu}nzau y o~keihknu dn ca Igcnuia# cau ajutiknkeiau# ca eautidad#thdh ch hjunzvaja ehk oaeicidad y dicignkeia# dien+

E~akdh auiuta a `iua# nr}nzi`nktaja }zho~kdh dhchzy ~k unkti`inkth ik`nkuh ac vnz q~n chu oincnu un aenzea-jak a ca `nua n~eazutiea+ Dnzza`aja nkthkenu cgzi`auazdinktnu dn dnunh y dn a`hz+

Y bhy# }hz kh bajnz tnkidh ak nc ghh dn bajnz bnebh ca }zi`n-za eh`~kik# kh `n nu dadh auiutiz a nutn ikutaktn u~}zn`h uikcchzaz }hz ca }zivaeik q~n n baen hziz+

Eatnq~nuiu ehk nc }adzn CngzakdNc uaenzdhtn Cngzakd cn zneija eada akhebnenz# cn

}zn}azaja ca iktncignkeia ndiaktn ~ka ucida ikutz~eeik#c~`ikhua# ccnka dn vida y eachz# y cn diu}hka nc ehzak

nkunkdhcn nc aztn dn hzaz y vnkenzun+ Nc 1> dn aghuth#nc uaenzdhtn Tnhdhzh Zatiujhkkn& dnja ad`ikiutzaz ncja~tiu`h# nk u~ ea}icca dn ca eaccn dn Zngazd# a e~atzhiuzancitau ehkvnztidhu+

&\Tnhdhzh Zatiujhkkn "12=:-1224)# f~dh ehkvnzuh# uaenzdh-tn# o~kdadhz dn ca Ehkgzngaeik dn K~nutza Unhza dn Uik "124:)P+

Ja~tiu`h dn e~atzh f~dhuNc uaenzdhtn Cngzakd }nzu~adih ac fhvnk eatne`nkh

}aza q~n auiutinza a dieba enzn`hkia+ Ca n`heik q~nnr}nzi`nkt o~n tak viva q~n t~vh knenuidad dn vihcnktazunnk gzak aknza }aza kh dnfaz u~ uitih y ehzznz a azzhfazuna chu }inu dnc uaenzdhtn# }aza u~}cieazcn q~n cn ehkendinza

ta`jik nc uakth ja~tiu`h+Thdh vnka a }zh}uith }aza ehk`hvnzch+ Nc uaenzdhtn`iu`h nza ~k bifh dn Iuzanc# y# a u~ aczndndhz# ~k ehzh dnfhvnkeitau# dizigidau }hz zncigihuau# thdau nccau ta`jikehkvnztidau dnc tacch dn Fnuu# thdau nccau hzi~kdau dnAjzabk# eh`h yh# zn}ntak nc eakth `u u~jci`n# dn-

5+ Nc ghc}n dn ca gzaeia

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Ebazcnu Uycvaik Bnz`akk Ehbnk# a}uthc dn ca N~eaziuta

eak ca hzaeik q~n `u ea}a nza dn ehk`hvnz nc ehza-k dn ~k bifh dn ca tzij~ dn Cnv6

Fnuu dn Kaaznt# zny dn chu f~dhu# tnk }indad dn chu bifhu dnIuzanc!

Fnuu# divikh @nuau nu}nzadh }hz chu f~dhu# tnk }indad dnchu bifhu dn Iuzanc!

Fnuu# nc dnunadh dn cau kaeihknu# Fnuu dn ca tzij~ dn F~d#Fnuu q~n e~zautn a chu uhzdhu# a chu `~dhu y a chu einghu# zn}i-tinkdh nccau uin`}zn tnk }indad dn chu bifhu dn Iuzanc!

Ehzdnzh dn Dihu# q~n jhzzau chu }neadhu dnc ~kdh# }nzdka-chu# }hzq~n kh uajnk ch q~n baenk!

Ea}icca dn K~nutza Unhza dn UikNutau ad`izajcnu cntakau# eh`}~nutau }hz nc }adzn

Zatiujhkkn# un zneitajak eada da nk ca ea}icca dn K~nu-tza Unhza dn Uik+ Y cau fvnknu b~zoakau q~n cau zn}n-tak bak uidh nccau `iu`au hjfnth dn ca }indad `iun-ziehzdihua dn Fnuu# q~n ikvheajak }aza u~u bnz`akhu#u~`idhu ak nk cau tikinjcau+

Nuta uhcn`kidad dntnz`ik u~ znuhc~eik dn zneijiz ncja~tiu`h nk ca iu`a ea}icca nk q~n thdh cn znehzdaja cajhkdad dn Aq~c q~n baja uidh nkviadh }aza uacvaz a cauhvnfau }nzdidau dn Iuzanc+ Un baja }nkuadh }zi`nza`nktn

nk ca igcnuia dn chu Eaz`ncitau# nk ca q~n nc uaenzdhtnCngzakd encnjzaja iua eada da+ Y nc uitih# ac }zikei}ih#cn baja und~eidh }hz bajnz uidh uaktioieadh ehk nc az-tizih dn takthu uaenzdhtnu nk ca }hea dn ca Znvhc~eik< ynk c baja vnknzadh ehk`hvidh chu znuthu dn uakgzn dnchu bzhnu dn Eziuth# dn q~n nutk uac}ieadau ak cau}azndnu dnc aktig~h ehkvnkth+

]nzh nk e~akth b~jh ehkheidh ca ea}icca dn ca eaccn dnZngazd# ndioieada nk zne~nzdh dn ca ehkvnzuik icagzh-ua dn u~ bnz`akh nk f~dau`h# nc }adzn \AcohkuhP @azaZatiujhkkn# ajakdhk thda vaeicaeik# y cn }aznei q~nca ]zhvidnkeia un ca dnutikaja }aza unz ca e~ka dn u~ k~n-va vida+

Nc k~nvh kh`jzn6 Ag~utkNc da dnc ja~tih o~n oifadh }aza nc :2 dn aghuth# da nk

q~n ca Igcnuia encnjza ca oinuta dn uak Ag~utk# nc ic~utznehkvnztidh dn ca gzaeia divika+ Ca ncneeik dnc da y dnckh`jzn q~n un dih a Bnz`akk nk nc uakth ja~tiu`h#}aznenk kh bajnz uidh nc znu~ctadh dn ~ka ehikeidnkeiaohzt~ita+

Nk noneth# ya aktnu dn uajnzun nc da nuehgidh }hz ncuaenzdhtn Cngzakd }aza ca ad`ikiutzaeik dnc uaeza`nk-th# ca unhza D~q~nua dn Za~k cn baja dnutikadh nckh`jzn dn Ag~utk+ Nc zne~nzdh y nc nfn`}ch dnc gzakdhethz }aznenk ung~izcn }hz thdau }aztnu+ Ca }zi`nza vnq~n nut~vh nk K~nutza Unhza dn cau _iethziau# nc vnkn-zajcn uaenzdhtn Dnugnknttnu }zndie uhjzn ca vida dn uakAg~utk+ Ikeitaja a chu oincnu a q~n un }zn}azaunk a ca oinutadnc uakth# y aung~zaja q~n uta baja uidh uin`}zn heauikdn cau ehkvnzuihknu `u iknu}nzadau y `icagzhuau+

Uik uajnzch y }hz ~ka eau~acidad zaza a ch `nkhu#Bnz`akk he~}aja ~k auinkth oznktn ac actaz dndieadh auak Ag~utk+ U~ eh`}anzh# nc }adzn Tnhdhzh Zatiujhkkn#dnu}~u dnc unz`k# cn bih hjunzvaz tac eize~kutakeia+_azihu dn chu cijzhu q~n u~u a`ighu cn nkviazhk eh`hzngach tzatajak ta`jik dnc gzak Hjiu}h dn Bi}hka h dnacg~khu dn u~u ad`izajcnu nuezithu+

cti`a }zn}azaeik y cti`hu eh`jatnu

Nc gzak da un aenzeaja y u~ eatnq~iuta cn }zn}azaja ac`iu`h }hz ~ka khvnka dn hzaeihknu# nuehgidau thdauactnzkativa`nktn dnc hoieih dn ca Uaktui`a _izgnk y dnchoieih dn dio~kthu+ D~zaktn nuthu k~nvn dau Bnz`akkun znec~y nk ca `u ajuhc~ta uhcndad+ Uch uaca dn u~

eaua }aza iz a nue~ebaz ca }acajza dnc }adzn TnhdhzhZatiujhkkn h ca dnc uaenzdhtn Cngzakd+

Bnz`akk nutaja ghhuh# vinkdh q~n un aenzeaja nc dadn u~ znueatn+ ]nzh nc dn`hkih dnja baenz ~k cti`hnuo~nzh }aza azzakeaz nuta ac`a a Fnu~eziuth# h a ch `n-khu }aza t~zjazca nk ca bhza u~}zn`a+ Ca khebn q~n}znendih ac ja~tiu`h# nc nu}zit~ ach

cn nkvi ~k u~nh ccnkh dn zn}znunktaeihknu und~ethzau y cnznkhv vivau i`gnknu q~n ezna }aza uin`}zn dnutnzzadau dn u~

`n`hzia+]~dh a}zh}iazun ac }in dn ca cntza cau }acajzau dn uak

Ag~utk6 Eada o~ticidad dn o~ticidadnu# eada vakidad dnvakidadnu# aktig~au a`igau `au# }zhe~zajak zntnknz-`n# `n auak }hz `i vnutidh dn eazkn y `n `~z`~za-jak6 Khu ajakdhkau8+++ Q~n t~ `iunziehzdia# Dihu`h# acnfn dnc ac`a dn t~ unzvidhz ch q~n `n u~gnzak!\Ehkonuihknu _III#11#:?P+

H}zi`idh }hz nutau viuihknu bhzzijcnu#fadnaktn# `n nebh o~nza dn ca ea`a# `n azzhfh a chu }inu dnc

ez~eioifh# y acc# chu hfhu ccnkhu dn cgzi`au# u~}cieh nc uhehzzh iun-ziehzdihuh dnc Thdh}hdnzhuh# ca auiutnkeia dn ca uaktui`a y }~zui-`a _izgnk @aza+ Y nk ung~ida ca tnktaeik b~yn+

Un cnvakta# o~nztn y atznvidh# eh`h ~k gigaktn# }azaznehzznz ca gzak eazznza q~n nc Unhz ba ehcheadh aktnc+ Nuta }zi`nza viethzia unz eh`h nc }znuagih dn htzhu`~ebhu tzi~kohu+

Nc ja~tiu`h6 :2 dn aghuth dn 1247Nc `iu`h Bnz`akk ch dnuezijn \nk eazta ac }adzn Ac-

ohkuh @aza ZatiujhkknP6Nc ujadh# :2 dn aghuth# a cau tznu dn ca tazdn# ca ea}icca dn

K~nutza Unhza dn Uik jziccaja ehk ~k znu}cakdhz zaza vn viuth+Cau `u jnccau y oznueau ochznu adhzkajak nc actaz znu}cakdneinktnehk `ic c~enu< ca ea`}aka dnc ehkvnkth dnfaja hz u~ `u acngznzn}iq~n< ~ka }iadhua `~ebnd~`jzn ccnkaja ca kavn< ~k ehzh dnfhvnkeitau# e~jinztau ehk cazghu vnchu jcakehu# azzhdiccadau a chucadhu dn ca kavn# eaktajak cau cntakau }hz ca ehkvnzuik dn chuf~dhu< nc zgakh `necaja u~u aehzdnu a nuthu eakthu az`hkihuhu+Nc uaenzdhtn Cngzakd# auiutidh dnc }adzn Tnhdhzh Zatiujhkkn# bihnkthkenu u~ nktzada nk ca igcnuia y un dncakt baeia nc actaz+

Yh ung~a# tn`jchzhuh y uik n`jazgh oiz`n# ccnvakdh a i dnzn-eba a i }adzikh nc dhethz Gh~za~d# u ikuigkn ak }hz u~u vizt~-dnu q~n }hz u~ kaei`inkth# y a `i iq~inzda# a i adzika# ca unhzaD~q~nua dn Za~k# `u ic~utzn ui eajn }hz u~ }indad q~n }hz u~kaei`inkth# y e~yhu `zithu un }nz}ntak nk u~u bifau+ A dhkdn-q~inza q~n vhcvinun ca `izada# baccaja# }~nu# a}hyhu ucidhu n ik-q~njzaktajcnu# y fa`u vikh eziat~za ac `~kdh `u j~nka`nktnzhdnada }hz u~u bnz`akau y bnz`akhu# q~n ch o~nza yh# ui`}cneatne`nkh# ac aenzeaz`n ac actaz+ Dihu una }aza uin`}zn jnkdith}hz ncch!

Kh ung~izn`hu ac fhvnk knoith e~akdh dnuezijn ehknkt~uiau`h thdau cau enzn`hkiau q~n }znendnk y aeh`-}aak ac uakth ja~tiu`h+ Nc auh`jzh# ca ad`izaeik# ncagzadnei`inkth y nc a`hz q~n nr}nzi`nktaja kh ehkh-eak c`itnu+ E~akdh uikti ehzznz nc ag~a q~n un dnzza-`aja uhjzn u~ oznktn y q~n nc kh`jzn dn Bnz`akk o~nea`jiadh }hz chu dn Ag~utk-@aza y Nkziq~n#

dn }zhkth# dien# `i e~nz}h un nutzn`nei# y unkt ~ka ehk`h-eik tak viva# tak o~nztn# q~n kh uajza eh`}azazca `nfhz q~n acebhq~n dn ~ka q~ika ncetziea+ Chu hfhu dn i e~nz}h un enzzazhkac `iu`h tin`}h q~n chu dnc ac`a un ajzak a ~ka c~ uhjznkat~zacy divika+ @n nkehktz eh`h u~`idh nk ~k rtauiu dn a`hz# y# eh`ha `i uakth }atzk# `n }aznei }aztiei}az# nk ~k i`}~cuh dnc ehza-k# dn chu ghhu dnc ]azauh y jnjnz nc thzznktn dn dncieiau ehk cauq~n nc Unhz ik~kda a u~u ncngidhu nk ca tinzza dn chu vivhu+++

Nutaja tak n`heihkadh# q~n ak bhy kh zne~nzdh uikh `~yi`}nzoneta`nktn cau enzn`hkiau q~n uig~inzhk+ Zne~nzdh# uik n`-jazgh# q~n n viutinzhk ehk nc bjith jcakeh dn ca ikhenkeia y q~n`n }~uinzhk nk cau akhu nc eizih nkenkdidh# u`jhch dn ca vnzdadq~n aeajaja dn a}aznenz a `iu hfhu# y nk `i ehzak bien nc f~za-`nkth dn viviz y `hziz }aza ehkunzvazca y dnonkdnzca+

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Ca }attiea }azozauiu dn ~k }auafn dn ca n}uthca a chu Zh`a-khu# a}cieada a ca enzn`hkia }hz nc uaenzdhtn Cngzakd# znu~nkathdava nk `iu hdhu+ Nc a}uthc nk~`nza thdau cau zahknu q~ntinkn }aza nu}nzaz ca uacvaeik dn chu vnzdadnzhu bifhu dn Ajzabk+Y yh uhy ta`jik ~kh dn ncchu# y jnkdigh ac Dihu q~n n ba uaeadhdn ca nuecavit~d dn Ngi}th }aza ehcheaz`n nk nc k`nzh dn u~ubifhu+

4

Nc knoith

]~nuth a }z~nja }hz nc `~kdh

Bnz`akk# nc fhvnk y hzg~cchuh aztiuta# ya kh nriuta+ Cagzaeia dnc uakth ja~tiu`h ch baja ea`jiadh y ehkvnzti-dh# ch baja dnzzijadh# eh`h a Ua~ch nk nc ea`ikh dnDa`aueh+ Ecazh nut q~n baccazn`hu ak nk c ca iu`akat~zacna ohghua# a}auihkada y nkzgiea# }nzh ya khhjzaz uikh jafh ca aeeik dn ca gzaeia# y daz vnzdadnza-`nktn }auhu dn gigaktn nk ca va dn ca }nzoneeik+

c b~jinun q~nzidh daz ik`ndiata`nktn ~k adiu ntnz-kh ac ~kdh# iz a }ndiz auich ac gzath y }aeoieh zntizh dn~k ehkvnkth# }aza ehkuagzazun nrec~uiva`nktn ac unzvi-eih dnc Unhz< }nzh cau dn~dau ehktzadau nk nc f~nghnzak gzakdnu< y baja q~n }agazcau+ Nutau hjcigaeihknudn ehkeinkeia y dn bhkzadn ch znt~vinzhk ak nk nc ~k-

dh# ehk nc e~ac t~vh q~n ehktik~az u~u zncaeihknu+Ung~za`nktn nk ncch baja ~k ik`nkuh }ncigzh }azanuta ac`a eh`}cnta`nktn k~nva nk ca vida eziutiaka+ Ehk-dnkadh a vnz eaui eada da chu c~gaznu y cau }nzuhkau nk`ndih dn cau e~acnu baja tzakue~zzidh u~ agitada f~vnk-t~d# hjcigadh a ung~iz vivinkdh ca `iu`a vida# a ehkti-k~az chu `iu`hu ~uhu# a nkehktzaz a eada }auh zne~nz-dhu }ncigzhuhu y heauihknu tnzzijcnu+ Jcakeh dn cau j~z-cau# uazeau`hu# y `nkhu}zneih dn chu q~n o~nzhk u~uaktig~hu eh`}anzhu dn }caenznu# o~n }zneiuh q~nBnz`akk t~vinza ~ka o~nza dn eazetnz }heh eh`k}aza uh`ntnzun ajuhc~ta`nktn a ca aeeik dn ca gzaeia+

^ka gzaeia nrtzahzdikazia

Ca vhc~ktad dnc fhvnk ehkvnzuh y ca gzaeia divika un~kinzhk dn ohz`a tak eh`}cnta# q~n nk ch u~enuivh kada}~dh fa`u dnu~kizcau+

Ehkvnztidh dn ca N~eaziuta# eh`h un eh`}caenz nkcca`azun nk ch u~enuivh# Bnz`akk tnka vnzdadnza`nktnba`jzn y und dnc jakq~ntn divikh+ U~ ehzak akuiajadn tac hdh ca eh`~kik# q~n# ungk c iu`h khu dien#Dihu cn zneh`}nku dkdhcn a g~utaz aktiei}ada`nktn y}hz dhu vnenu# dnu}~u dn u~ ja~tiu`h# chu ghhun~eazutiehu# baeikdhcn nr}nzi`nktaz dn ~ka aknza unk-uijcn nk u~ ehzak ca }znunkeia znac dn Fnu~eziuth# nkchu `h`nkthu nk q~n chu dn`u oincnu eh`~cgajak+

Nutn oavhz o~n tak nrtzahzdikazih y cn dnf i`}znuihknutak }zho~kdau# q~n a `nk~dh ac~diz a c nk nc znuth dnu~ vida# nk u~u nuezithu y nk u~u unz`hknu+

Fnuu adhzadh# nreca`a nk nc }znoaeih dn u~u ektiehu ac Uakt-ui`h Uaeza`nkth# dnjh necaz iu ektiehu a chu bi`khu dn ]azu+]~nu nk ca gzak ei~dad# he~cth jafh chu vnchu n~eazutiehu# o~n dhkdn

`n dnue~jziutn cau vnzdadnu ntnzkau< y nc }zi`nz `iutnzih q~n `nznvncautn ac ehzak o~n t~ }znunkeia nk nc Uaktui`h Uaeza`nkth+E`h kh q~nzza azzhfaz`n baeia ca uakta nua# uinkdh ak f~dh#}aza ccnvaztn a `i ehzak# cheh dn a`hz }hz ti8 Y ui ehk taktaikuiutnkeia }nd nc ja~tiu`h# kh o~n uhjzn thdh }aza ~kiz`n a ti8+++Ch q~n bieiutn nkthkenu }aza ehkuhcaz`n dn ~ka dhchzhua nu}nza# kh}~ndh div~cgazch aq~6 Uneznt~` `n~` `ibi \`i uneznth nu }aza`6 Iu :4#1? _~cgataP+

A nk~dh zn}nta nutau cti`au }acajzau# kh q~nzinkdhznvncaz nutn uneznth bauta u~ `~nztn+ Ch bn`hu nkehk-

tzadh nr}~nuth nk tz`ikhu vaghu y `iutnzihuhu nk u~diazih ehtidiakh# ehk oneba 5 dn un}tin`jzn dn 12476@iua nk K~nutza Unhza dn Uik6 icagzh dnc uajhz dn ca N~ea-

ziuta# ak aktnu dn `i }zi`nza eh`~kik+ Y acg~kau cknau `uajafh6 A cau 96 iua dnc Uaktui`h Uaeza`nkth nk ca Ajada dn chuJhuq~nu "Ajjayn-a~r-Jhiu)# zn}ntieik dnc `icagzh dn ca eh`~-kik# cgzi`au# uajhz# nktnzknei`inkth+

Ench dn ehkvnzuhNutn diazih nk nc e~ac Bnz`akk zncata# da }hz da y

bhza }hz bhza# eada ~kh dn u~u }nkua`inkthu y aeeih-knu# khu ba uidh dn gzakdui`a ~ticidad }aza ehkhenz yeh`}znkdnz nc tzajafh dn ca gzaeia nk u~ ac`a+

Ohghuh }hz kat~zacna# nut nkenkdidh dn ~k ench akiknr}nzth+ Kh ehktnkth ehk dnonkdnz ca k~nva on# }hcn-`ia uhjzn ncca y un izzita e~akdh un cn ehktzadien+ He~-}aja nkthkenu ~k e~azth nk ca eaua bajitada }hz u~ a`i-gh# Adacjnzth dn Jna~`hkt y ca }zi`a dn utn# ca Jazhkn-ua dn Uaikt-_ighz+ Eada khebn un zn~kak }aza enkaz+Nutau }nzuhkau nzak ~y bhknutau ungk nc `~kdh# }nzhkh tnkak ca dieba dn }zaetieaz ca vizt~d eziutiaka+ Bnz-`akk cnu tnka }zho~kdh aoneth y q~iuh auheiazchu a u~}zh}ia oncieidad# }zhe~zakdh vhcvnzchu a ca on+ Nc diazihzncata da }hz da nc znu~ctadh dn u~u nuo~nzhu# y ehkoin-ua ehk b~`icdad cau thz}nau dn u~ ench+

Adacjnzth# dien# n a`nkaa ehk q~n n vhcvnz cheh y cca`a a`i ehkvnzuik ~ka eacavnzada+

Un ae~ua dn ca vivna y bauta dn ca ecnza ehk q~nuhutinkn cau diue~uihknu zncigihuau# y khta ikhenktn`nktnq~n nc ehkonuhz# nc }adzn Zatiujhkkn# cn }zhbijn diue~tizznu}neth a e~nutihknu zncigihuau# }hzq~n nu dn`auiadh}zhkth# y }hzq~n uhy dn`auiadh igkhzaktn+

Ca unhza dn Uaikt-_ighz cn neba ig~ac`nktn nk eaza ca}indad dn q~n baen gaca+ Bacca q~n bajca dn`auiadh dnzncigik< uik n`jazgh# ch nue~eba ehk jautaktn eh`}ca-enkeia+ Nc :: dn het~jzn dn 1247# bajinkdh auiutidhBnz`akk }hz }zi`nza vn a cau Ehkonznkeiau dn uak _i-enktn dn ]ac d~zaktn ca enka cn baen ~ka znuna nkt~-uiauta dn ch q~n ba viuth y hdh# y }zhchkga ca nr}cieaeikbauta cau uintn# uik dazun e~nkta dnc tin`}h tzakue~zzidh+

&\Auheiaeik eazitativa o~kdada }hz Ondnzieh Haka` "1215-12>5)# }adzn dn oa`icia# jnatioieadh nc ::-_III-1997 nk Khtzn-Da`n dn ]azuP+

]zi`nza ehkvnzuik q~n ehkuig~nNutn a}huthcadh kh o~n iktic# ya q~n cnn`hu nk nc da

uig~inktn dnc diazih6Ca unhza dn Uaikt-_ighz n`}ina a cnnz uik aj~zzi`inkth cau

hzaeihknu+ @n }zh`ntn ccnvaz ca ndacca& dn ca Uaktui`a _izgnk yzneitaz eada da ncAehzdhu+ Bn }nz`akneidh ehk ncca bauta cau uintny ndia# uik acndienkeiau ki ~z`~zaeihknu# ehkvnzuaeik ndioi-eaktn+ Dihu `h# tnk }indad dn ncca!

&\Uakta Eatacika Cajh~z "12=?-127?)# Bifa dn ca Eazidad# nk125=# nk ]azu# tinkn ~ka viuik dn ca _izgnk# dn e~yau `akhu

uacnk zayhu dn gzaeiau+ Ca ez~# ~ka @ gzakdn y chu Ehzahknu dnFnuu y @aza eh`}hknk ~ka oig~za# q~n ca _izgnk cn akda baenznk ndacca+ Dnudn nkthkenu# ca dnvheik a ca `ndacca icagzhuaaceaka ~ka gzak dio~uik nk thdh nc ~kdh eziutiakhP+

Ehut gzak tzajafh a Bnz`akk ccngaz a dnuaehut~`jzazuneh`}cnta`nktn dn nutn gknzh dn `~z`~zaeihknu a q~n

4+ Nc knoith

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Ebazcnu Uycvaik Bnz`akk Ehbnk# a}uthc dn ca N~eaziuta

ca j~nka uheindad un `~nutza tak ikecikada# y nk cau q~n}aznen nfnzeitaz u~ acieia y u~ ag~dna dn ikgnkih+ Tin-kn e~idadh dn akhtaz eaui eada da cau zneadau y ta`-jik chu adncakthu q~n baen nk ca nk`inkda+

Cau agkoieau nu}nzakau o~kdadau nk ca v~ncta dn caJazhknua a ca }zetiea dn ca zncigik }aznenk dnuvaknenz-un }zhkth6

Ca unhza dn Uaikt-_ighz ba nutadh dn `ac b~`hz d~zaktn caenka+ Uhy nghuta# dien# }hzq~n kh q~inzh u a iu a`ighu q~n `i

uacvaeik+ Un eakua dn `i dnvheik+ @n azzakea eajncchu }azaehku~ctaz a ~ka adivika+ D~zaktn ca enka# ecnza dn ca Jazhknua+ Taczncaeik un v~ncvn }ncigzhua }aza ca }a dn i ac`a+++

Bnz`akk }aznen jautaktn dnuacnktadh+ Eaznea thda-va dn ca nr}nzinkeia dn cau ac`au+ Dn htzh hdh# q~i#b~jinza adivikadh nk chu ea}ziebhu dn u~ aktig~a a`igaca t~zjaeik dn ca ehkeinkeia y chu }zikei}ihu dn ca aeeikdivika dn ca gzaeia+ Nk noneth# Dihu aet~aja nk nuta ac`a#y nc :: dn diein`jzn# ac ccngaz Bnz`akk a eaua dn ca iu-`a# nkehktz a u~ a`igh nc uaenzdhtn dn Gizazdik+

U~ tzath cn ba a}zhvnebadh gzakdn`nktn# dien# ~utnd ca ehkd~ei-z ehk ca gzaeia dn Dihu+ Ca Jazhknua `n bajca dn u~ zn}~gkakeia}hz ~ka ehkonuik gnknzac+ Q~ dieba# }hz i }aztn# q~n nc ja~tiu-`h n baya diu}nkuadh dn ncca!Q~ vnzgnka y q~ dhchz b~jin-za nr}nzi`nktadh! Nk ca onutividad dn uak F~ak Nvakgnciuta# ca q~n-zida Jazhknua baen ca ehkonuik gnknzac nk ca igcnuia dn Uak C~iu dnAktk6 @icagzh# gzaeia ik`nkua q~n Dihu un digka ehkendnz a k~nu-tzau onzvinktnu n ikenuaktnu hzaeihknu! Gzaeia ~ebh u gzakdn ynrtzahzdikazia q~n chu dhu `atzi`hkihu q~n bn tnkidh ca dieba dnbaenz encnjzaz!

Uheih dn cau ehkonznkeiau dn uak _ienktn dn ]acBnz`akk ac~dn ehk nutau }acajzau ac `atzi`hkih dn

dhu oa`iciau dn hjznzhu# nk e~ya jnkdieik }hz ca Igcnuia}~uh thdh nc ench y ca }z~dnkeia dn ~k uheih dn cau Ehk-onznkeiau dn uak _ienktn dn ]ac# ya vntnzakh nk nc nfnz-eieih dn thdau cau j~nkau hjzau+

c nza# nonetiva`nktn# dnudn baea acgk tin`}h# ~khdn chu uheihu `u ehkutaktnu dn cau Ehkonznkeiau dn uak_ienktn dn ]ac+ Nk u~ diazih da e~nkta nrtnkua`nktn dnu~ ad`iuik nk nc unkh dn nuta ad`izajcn uheindad# y`u tazdn# nk ~ka dn u~u ikutz~eeihknu a chu uheihu dnnuau Ehkonznkeiau# diz6

]aza # unhznu# un ch ehkoinuh# d~zaktn chu dhu ahu nk q~n nvi hjcigadh a nu}nzaz nk nc `~kdh ca bhza dn `i }aztida }aza cauhcndad# nu nk cau Ehkonznkeiau dhkdn bacc nc aktdhth ac dnuajzi-`inkth q~n nc ehktaeth ehtidiakh ehk nc ~kdh }zhd~en nk nc ac`adnc eziutiakh+

N`}nh }hz ca ehkvnzuik dn chu f~dhu^ka hjza dn ench ae~eiaja nu}neiac`nktn a Bnz`akk6

znuhcvi baenz ch i`}huijcn }aza atzanz a chu f~dhu aceathcieiu`h ehk u~ nfn`}ch+ ]aza ncch# aehkunfadh y dizi-gidh }hz nc }adzn Tnhdhzh Zatiujhkkn# nueziji nk ohz`adn eazta dizigida ac }adzn Acohkuh @aza Zatiujhkkn# a cauak nk nc ehkvnkth dn chu fnu~itau dn Cavac# ca kazza-eik dn u~ ehkvnzuik+ Nr}hka nk ncca chu unkti`inkthuy cau n`heihknu q~n baja nr}nzi`nktadh# y ehkec~aehk ~ka ikvitaeik ikdizneta a thdhu chu f~dhu }aza q~neh`}aztinzak u~ oncieidad+

Nuta eazta ca ehkhenk ya nk }aztn k~nutzhu cnethznu#}~nu bn`hu nktznuaeadh dn ncca `~ebhu dathu+ Takth ncehkonuhz eh`h nc }nkitnktn un }zh}hkak }~jcieazca# yaq~n nu}nzajak dn u~ }~jcieaeik chu `u bacagnhu zn-u~ctadhu+ ]nzh kh o~n tac ca h}ikik dn vaziau }nzuhkauq~n unktak }aztie~caz aoneth }hz Bnz`akk# nk nu}neiacu~ `adzika# ca D~q~nua dn Za~ y u~ }adzikh# nc dhethzGh~za~d# chu e~acnu un `hutzazhk nk nrtzn`h h}~nuthua ca idna+ Kh uik zak }nkuajak q~n baza `ayhz jinkdakdh `hdnuta`nktn j~nk nfn`}ch# }~nu ~ka nr}hui-eik tnatzac }hdza ea~uaz znaeeihknu kngativau# n ikec~-

uh }hdza }hknz nk zide~ch ca unkeicca ehkvnzuik q~nbaja znaciadh+

Ccnkh dn azdhz y ench# Bnz`akk kh eh`}znkda dn`a-uiadh tacnu nuez}~chu# y t~vh q~n uhutnknz ~ka c~ebaq~n cn ea~u ~ka gzakdn y }nkhua t~zjaeik+

Bn bnebh vhth# dnea# dn baenz thdh ch b~`aka`nktn }huijcn}aza ca ehkvnzuik dn chu f~dhu+

Chu ehkunfhu dn u~ ehkonuhz cn uhutnkak nk ca znuhc~-eik# y nc ohccnth ikec~uh baja uidh ccnvadh a ca i`}znkta+Kh uik tzajafh y }nka un dneidi# gzaeiau a cau ikutakeiaudn u~ }adzikh# a zntizaz nc `ak~uezith# q~ndkdhun# uikn`jazgh# }nz}cnfh+

@hkunhz dn ca Jh~iccnzinNc uaenzdhtn ]nzdza~ \}zzheh dn Uakta GnkhvnvaP#

q~n nza e~adh dn u~ }adzikh# cn aehkunf q~n uh`ntinzaca e~nutik a `hkunhz dn ca Jh~iccnzin# vieazih gnknzacdn ]azu+ Acg~khu dau aktnu# Bnz`akk baja nktzadh nkzncaeik ehk nutn necnuiutieh+ Oeic`nktn un a}zneiaz cai`}hztakeia dn nutn nke~nktzh }hz cau cti`au }acajzaudnc }zzaoh q~n tzakueziji`hu6

1= dn khvin`jzn \1247P# :7+ akivnzuazih dn `i kaei`inkth6

aktn nc actaz dn ca Uaktui`a _izgnk "nk Uakta _acnzia) znk~nvh ncvhth dn hzdnkaz`n y ehkuagzaz`n ac unzvieih dnc Unhz tak }zhktheh`h iu dnjnznu }aza ehk iu aeznndhznu n dnfnk cijzn+ Bn idha viuitaz a @hku+ dn ca Jh~iccnzin# gzak vieazih dn ca Ea}itac uakthbh`jzn# q~ink n baz nktzaz nk nc Eaz`nk e~akdh ccng~n ca bhza+

Bnz`akk uig~i# }~nu# nc ehkunfh dn u~ a`igh# y ak-d ac vieazih gnknzac dn ]azu nc ak~uezith dn ca eazta ac}adzn Zatiujhkkn# zhgkdhcn q~n oaccaza uik a}ncaeik znu-}neth a tac e~nutik+ Nr}nzi`nkta# uik n`jazgh#

gzakdn y ehktik~a agitaeik# ikq~int~d# tn`hz dn ikeh`hdaz a`i ehkonuhz y dn diug~utaz a i }adzikh y a`ighu< nk u~`a# ikenz-tid~`jzn+ @n dneidh# nk oik# a }ndiz a Dihu nk ca hzaeik q~n n da ehkhenz u~ vhc~ktad+

Dnu}~u dn bajnz nra`ikadh nc `ak~uezith# @hkun-hz dn ca Jh~iccnzin o~n dn ca iu`a h}ikik q~n nc unhzGh~za~d# y un nkeazg dn azzngcaz cau ehuau ehk nc }adznTnhdhzh Zatiujhkkn+ Nc ohccnth kh un }~jcie< kh nu dnnrtzaaz q~n nuta dneiuik iktzhd~fnza einzth acnutaz nktznehkonuhz y }nkitnktn# y q~n Bnz`akk }nkuaza nk j~ueazhtzh diznethz nu}izit~ac+ Uik q~n c un dinza e~nkta# ca ]zh-vidnkeia ehkd~ea chu aehktnei`inkthu+ Au nu eh`h }aua unz dizigidh }hz @hkunhz dn ca Jh~iccnzin+ Nk ung~idavnzn`hu nc unktidh y ca i`}hztakeia dn nutn ea`jih a cac~ dn ca gzaeia+

Ea`jihu dnc fhvnk aztiutaBnz`akk ehktik~aja vivinkdh nk uheindad+ Daja cne-

eihknu y ehkeinzthu# y ozne~nktaja chu uachknu dn ca `uacta aziuthezaeia+ Nk noneth# nk u~ diazih bacca`hu chukh`jznu u ic~utznu dn ca khjcna# dn ca }hctiea y dn cadi}ch`aeia+ Nc ea`jih q~n baja nr}nzi`nktadh kh ba-ja }auadh ikadvnztidh# y kh cn abhzzajak cau j~zcau+

Cau da`au# dien# uinktnk q~n n baya }nzdidh }aza nc ~kdh aea~ua dn i dnvheik+ Bn nkehktzadh a Jal~kikn dien nk htza}aztn# nc e~ac un j~zca dn `i uaktidad+

&\Khjcn z~uh "1214-127?)# akazq~iuta znvhc~eihkazihP+

Ya kh nza nc fhvnk aztiuta dn ozae ehztadh a ca `hda#eauthz oikh y a}athu dn ebazhc# e~nkta nc eajaccnzhAkzn \eit+ }hz F+ J+ Gnzgznu# Ehkvnzuik dnc }iakiu-ta Bnz`akk# 12?1P< nutaja }cidh# y u~ `izada tnka ~k

eazetnz nvidnktn dn `hdnutia+ Baja ea`jiadh uhjznthdh nk nc vnutiz6 ccnvaja ~ka cazga cnvita# uh`jznzh dnoinctzh dn akebau acau y a}athu hzdikazihu+

c `iu`h e~nkta q~n# bacckdhun ~ka khebn nk eauadn ca Unhza dn A}}hky# nr}nzi`nkt ~k unkti`inkth dnvnzgnka ac }nkuaz nk u~ tzafn+

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Nutaja akebadh dn jazzh y n nkehktzaja nk ~ka gzak zn~kik`~y aziutheztiea+ ]hz nc oacuh a`hz }zh}ih dn nkehktzaz`n o~nzadn `i nuonza# nr}nzi`nkt t~zjaeik# `acnutaz+ Nc n`jafadhz y u~nu}hua `n aehginzhk ehk `~eba a`ajicidad# }nzh `n o~i }zhkth#}hzq~n n unkta avnzghkadh "oacua vnzgnka!) dn nutaz acc+

@u dn ~ka vn unktiz nutau v~nctau dnc a`hz }zh}ih ydn ca }auik# }nzh fa`u endnz a cau `iu`au+ Nc uaenz-dhtn Ghnuebcnz# f~dh ehkvnzuh# diznethz dnc ehcngih dnUak Nutakiucah# ch baja aen}tadh eh`h }zhonuhz dn }ia-kh+ Nc :7 dn het~jzn# dih ~k ehkeinzth a chu ac~`khuuhchu# y uikti einzta eh`}caenkeia ac vnz ca atnkeik dnchu fvnknu# q~n kh q~nzak izun a aehutaz y cn }ndak`u y `u }inau+ Nc }adzn Zatiujhkkn# ac da uig~ink-tn# cn kng ca eh`~kik bauta nc dh`ikgh+

c uikti dnu}nebh# ~k `ac unkti`inkth ac }zikei}ih# }nzh cnvhcvi ca eac`a y bacc f~uta ca dneiuik dnc ehkonuhz+ B~jinzabnebh# dien# ~ka `aca eh`~kik# ya q~n akhebn nr}nzi`nkt ~k`hvi`inkth dn vakidad# ehk heauik dnc ehkeinzth+

Tinkn ca ehkeinkeia `~y dncieada y kada un }nzdhka+Uik d~da tnka zak# y Dihu zneh`}nku thdhu chu nu-o~nzhu bnzhiehu dn chu }zi`nzhu tin`}hu dn u~ ehkvnz-uik# dkdhcn ~k }hdnz ik`nkuh uhjzn u `iu`h y caone~kdidad dn ~k a}huthcadh ehzhkadh }hz nc `aztizih

dn ca eazidad+ Eitn`hu htzh nfn`}ch dn u~u nuez}~chu6Nc uaenzdhtn Ghnuebcnz f~nga ehk`igh ac uaeakntn \f~ngh dn

nkvitn y aaz# ehk vaziau jazafauP a din ekti`hu# nuezijn ehk oneba:: dn khvin`jzn# y nr}nzi`nkth cau `iu`au bhzzijcnu n`heihknuq~n e~akdh f~gaja dnuatikada`nktn6 }nz}cnfidad# vnfaeihknu# ik-q~int~dnu y unkti`inkth dn bajnz endidh a nuta kinza ca vu}nza dneh`~cgaz+

Ca hzaeikNuta dncieadna dn ehkeinkeia y nuta nknzga dnc ac`a

cau uaeaja Bnz`akk dn ca eh`~kik y dn ca hzaeik+ Nknoneth# cn vn`hu n`}naz ya# a}nkau ehkvnztidh# ca vidadn hzaeik q~n unz nc ehku~nch# ca o~nza y bauta }h-dza`hu dneiz nc nutadh }nz}nt~h dn u~ vida+ Ehk ca ay~-

da dn u~ diazih# }hdn`hu ung~izcn chu }auhu e~akdh atza-vinua cau eaccnu dn ]azu6 nktzn dhu viuitau h dhu cneeih-knu dn }iakh# zna nc zhuazih# `ndita uhjzn acgk tn`azncigihuh# zn}aua nk u~ `nktn chu ehkunfhu dadhu }hz ncehkonuhz h cnn ~k dnvheihkazih+ ]hz ca khebn# dnu}~udn ~k da ~y aetivh# a nk~dh a ndiakhebn# aktnu dnj~ueaz nk nc u~nh nc dnueakuh knenuazih# baen u~u hza-eihknu# th`a nc zhuazih# ch nkuazta nk u~ jzah y kh und~nz`n uik }zhk~keiaz chu d~cenu kh`jznu dn Fnuu ydn @aza# }~nu u~ ehzak vijza ac zne~nzdh dn u~u jn-knoieihu y dn u~ a`hz+

Ca N~eaziuta

Ca N~eaziuta nza u~ vida+ Eh`~cgaja a nk~dh# eadada ha vaziau `iuau# viuitaja vaziau vnenu nc Uaktui`hUaeza`nkth y k~kea oactaja a kikg~ka dn cau uhcn`kida-dnu q~n nk u~ bhkhz un encnjzajak+ k da un cn ikvit nkUak Unvnzikh a q~n uig~inza ca }zhenuik dnc Uaktui`hUaeza`nkth ehk ~k eizih nk ca `akh+

Ac }auh dn ca uagzada N~eaziuta `n uinkth atnzzadh ehkoa ca`iu`a khebn a u~ uicnkeihuh y `~dh ehkoidnktn+ ^k thzznktn dncgzi`au jzhta dn iu hfhu# nr}nzi`nkth ~k unkti`inkth dn znu}nth}zho~kdh y uinkth eh`h ca nvidnkeiadn ca }znunkeia znac6 ikdneijcnunkuaeik+ @inktzau d~za ca }zhenuik# eada vn q~n nc Uaktui`hUaeza`nkth un `n a}zhri`a# nc tnzzhz znu}nt~huh y `i b~`icdna`hz a~`nktak+ Ehk dioie~ctad `n a}azth dn nuta i`}znuihkaktnenzn`hkia+ Nk ca eaccn# ac vhcvnz a eaua# thdava cchzaja znehzdakdhnuta i`}znuik+

Ca Ehkoiz`aeikNc 5 dn diein`jzn dn 1247# @hkunhz Aoozn# azhjiu}h

dn ]azu# cn ad`ikiutz ca ehkoiz`aeik nk u~ hzathzih}aztie~caz+ Nc dhethz Gh~za~d aeh`}aaja a u~ abifadh#

y dnu}~u dn ca enzn`hkia# nc }zncadh cnu bajc ehk gzakjhkdad+

U~ oa`iciaBnz`akk nza eatcieh6 k~`nzhuhu a`ighu u~yhu ch ua-

jak# }nzh u~ `adzn igkhzaja ak u~ ehkvnzuik+ C~iu#u~ bnz`akh `nkhz# ehkhea ta`jik nc ea`jih dn znci-gik< ikec~uh ~ka vn un baja nkeh`nkdadh a u~u hza-eihknu# }nzh nuta i`}znuik o~n o~gitiva# y }zhkth cn u~-

}cieaja q~n kh o~nza tak nractadh+ Dnja ak~keiaz }nz-uhkac`nktn nc gzak aehktnei`inkth a u~ adzn8 C~iu nzadn nuta h}ikik# }nzh u~ bnz`aka# ig~ac`nktn nktnzadadn ca ehkvnzuik# kh nza dnc iu`h }aznenz< tn`a q~n u~`adzn kh }~dinza uh}hztaz nc ak~keih dn u~ ja~tiu`h# ydnunaja q~n cn he~ctaunk ca khtieia d~zaktn nc ayhz tin`-}h }huijcn+ Kh dnfaja dn nutaz ikq~inta# ya q~n acg~inkbaja nuezith ~ka eazta akki`a a u~ }adzn znonznktn anuth+

^k aztiuta dn ]azu un baja a}znu~zadh a ikohz`az dnca ehkvnzuik ac unhz Z&& dieikdhcn q~n u~ e~adhun baja ehkvnztidh ac eziutiakiu`h }aza hjtnknz ca }caadn }zhonuhz nk nc ehcngih dn Uak Nutakiucah+ Kneia ea-

c~`kia! @ic hebheinkthu ozakehu }hz ah# dien Bnz`akknktzn ad`izaeihknu# eh`h ui nuta `ki`a u~`a }~dinza#nk noneth# jautaz }aza nr}cieaz ~k aeth tak gzavn y dn taci`}hztakeia! ]nzh nc `~kdh# q~n kh ccnga a eh`}znkdnzk~kea kada dn cau ehuau divikau# uinktn uin`}zn ca knen-uidad dn n`}nq~nnenz cau aeeihknu q~n tinknk }hz `-vic chu }nkua`inkthu uhjznkat~zacnu y dn eac~`kiaz cauiktnkeihknu `u }~zau+ Nk thdh eauh# u~ bnz`aka# caunhza Z&& nutaja `~y n`heihkada+

Bauta tn`n auiutiz a ~k ja~tih# dien Bnz`akk# }hzq~n kh nutung~za dn u iu`a# y kh q~iuinza baenz kada uik nc ehkunkti`inkthdn u~ `azidh+ Cn znu}hkd q~n dineiuiu `icchknu dn ac`au z~ngak}hz u~ ehkvnzuik# au eh`h }hz thda ca oa`icia+

Nk noneth# baja nkeh`nkdadh thdhu chu u~yhu a cau

hzaeihknu dn ca Azebiehozada dnc uaktui`h n ik`ae~cadhEhzak dn @aza# nutajcneida nk K~nutza Unhza dn cau_iethziau }hz nc vnknzajcn y uakth }zzheh dn nuta }azzh-q~ia# nc uaenzdhtn Dnugnknttnu+ B~jinza q~nzidh viva`nktnauheiaz a thdhu chu `in`jzhu dn ca oa`icia a u~ }zh}iaoncieidad+ Kh }~dinkdh ak ikvitazchu a ncch dizneta`nktn#hzaja y baea hzaz }hz ncchu+

Bn cndh nuta khebn# nuezijn nk u~ diazih nc :: dn het~jzn dn1247# q~n uak Jauicih# uak Akthkih# uak Ag~utk y uak Jnkith t~vin-zhk bnz`akau uaktau+ Ui Dihu un digkaza ehkvnztiz a ca a! Nuth nohztacnenza ak u nk i dneiuik dn unzvizcn+

Eada un`aka viuitaja a u~ adzn# y a vnenu enkaja ehk thdhu chuu~yhu+ Dnu}~u dn enkaz# cnu bn theadh nc }iakh# y bak jaicadh+ @ioa`icia }aznea ehktnkta# un ba hutzadh ~y aonet~hua ehk`igh+

Uik n`jazgh# }aznea q~n u~ `adzn t~vinza acgk }zn-unkti`inkth# y ~k da cn }zng~kt6 Q~i tn q~nzz ehk-vnztiz nc unhz Ghnuebcnz8 K~kea n ba bajcadh dn ncch#znu}hkdih Bnz`akk+ Nza vnzdad# }~nu nc uaenzdhtnGhnuebcnz uch tnka kti`a zncaeik ehk c dnudn q~n yaun baja ehkvnztidh+

Oikac`nktn# ca unhza Ehbnk un nktnz dn ca ehkvnz-uik dn u~ bifh }hz ca jazhknua dn Uaikt-_ighz+ Ac }zikei-}ih ca khtieia kh cn i`}znuihk ~ebh< ehkuidnz tac aetheh`h ~ka che~za `u nk ca vida dn Bnz`akk+ Kh uhu}n-ebakdh ch q~n baja dn unzih nk dieba ehkvnzuik# kh cndih `ayhz i`}hztakeia+

Ca Adhzaeik Khet~zkaBnz`akk viva ak nk nc `~kdh# }nzh ya kh bajitajaehk u~ a`igh Adacjnzth# nc e~ac cn baja v~ncth cau nu-}acdau dnu}~u dn ca ehkvnzuik dn ca jazhknua dn Uaikt-_ighz+ Baja acq~icadh ~k hdnuth e~azth nk ca eaccn dn ca

4+ Nc knoith

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Ebazcnu Uycvaik Bnz`akk Ehbnk# a}uthc dn ca N~eaziuta

^kivnzuidad# k`nzh 1=: eaua q~n ya kh nriutn# y q~nun }~ndn ehkuidnzaz eh`h ca e~ka dn ca Adhzaeik Khe-t~zka+ ^k a`igh dnc }adzn Bnz`ak# nc unhz D~}hkt# y~kh dn u~u }zi`nzhu ung~idhznu# znoinzn chu dathu dn nutao~kdaeik6

Bajinkdh nktzadh ~k da }hz ca tazdn nk ca ea}icca dn cau Eaz`n-citau nc }iadhuh ehkvnztidh# q~n un eh`}caea nk viuitaz cau igcnuiaunk q~n un baccaja nr}~nuth nc Uaktui`h Uaeza`nkth# un }~uh aadhzaz a K~nutzh Unhz `akioinuth nk ca e~uthdia# uik ehktaz caubhzau y uik advnztiz q~n ca khebn un aenzeaja+ Nza nk khvin`jzn+^ka Bnz`aka thzknza ccnga y da ca unac dn uaciz+ O~n knenuazih ~kung~kdh aviuh+ Nkthkenu Bnz`akk difh a ca zncigihua6 Uacdz e~ak-dh ch bagak nuau }nzuhkau q~n un baccak ac ohkdh dn ca ea}icca+ Yncca6 ]~nu kh uacdzk nk thda ca khebn+ Un`nfaktn znu}~nuta dn caBnz`aka nza `u q~n u~oieinktn# y dnfaja ~ka }zneihua un`icca nk~k ehzak jink diu}~nuth# nk nc q~n kh dnfaza dn oz~etioieaz+ Bnz-`akk# a q~ink }zhkth un cn cca`az nc kgnc dnc uagzazih# uacn dnchzathzih y un dizign }znei}itada`nktn a eaua dn @hkunhz dn caJh~iccnzin6 Aeajak dn baenz`n uaciz dn ~ka ea}icca# nreca`a# nk caq~n ~kau ~fnznu nutazk thda ca khebn aktn nc Uaktui`h Uaeza`nk-th+++ @hkunhz dn ca Jh~iccnzin znu}hkdn6 Jink# nke~ktzn`nbh`jznu y cnu a~thzih a i`itaz a nuau j~nkau ~fnznu# e~ya u~nztnaktn K~nutzh Unhz nkvidia ~utnd+ ]~nu jink# ya dnudn nc da ui-g~inktn# ehk nc oavhz dn chu kgncnu j~nkhu# Bnz`akk baccaja caknenuazia ay~da nk vaziau ac`au \Fakvinz# _ida dnc unhz D~}hkt

",127?)# Th~zu 1279P+]znendnktnu dn ca Adhzaeik Khet~zka

@hkunhz dn ca Jh~iccnzin baja nutajcneidh ya aktn-zihz`nktn ~ka }nq~na auheiaeik }aza ca Adhzaeikkhet~zka nk eaua# e~yhu in`jzhu# bh`jznu h ~fnznu#un cnvaktajak }hz t~zkhu d~zaktn ca khebn ~ka vn ac`nu# a bhza oifada dn aktn`akh# }aza adhzaz a K~nutzhUnhz \Ca Hjza dn ca Nr}huieik y dn ca Adhzaeik

Khet~zka dnc U`h+ Uaeza`nkth# ]azu 1277P+ Ta`jikbaja ehktzij~idh a ca o~kdaeik dn ca Hzdnk Tnzenza dn`~fnznu# nutajcneida }hz ca unhzita Dnjh~eb }aza ca

Adhzaeik khet~zka dnc Uaktui`h Uaeza`nkth# y q~ndnja unz eh`h nc kecnh dn cau zncigihuau Zn}azadhzau+

@hkunhz dn ca Jh~iccnzin nza vnzdadnza`nktn nc bh`-jzn dn cau hjzau n~eazutieau+ Ya bn`hu viuth aktnu nkq~ eize~kutakeiau ca ]zhvidnkeia cn baja nkviadh# eh`h}nkitnktn u~yh# ac ehkvnztidh dn ca N~eaziuta# ac q~n dn-ja unz nc o~kdadhz dn ca Adhzaeik Khet~zka+ Au# }~nu#dnja aehgnz ehk u~`a eh`}caenkeia chu }zi`nzhu }a-uhu dn u~ }nkitnktn+

Eh`inkhu dn ca Adhzaeik Khet~zkaBnz`akk# onci ehk ca znu}~nuta dn u~ ehkonuhz# un }~uh

ik`ndiata`nktn nk j~uea dn bh`jznu dn on# vidhu eh`hc dn agzadnenz a Fnuu-Bhutia thdhu u~u jnknoieihu# nk-tzngkdhcn uaezioieih }hz uaezioieih+

Chu }zi`nzhu ikuezithu nk ca ciuta o~nzhk nc eajaccnzhAkzn# aktig~h di}ch`tieh nu}ahc# nc e~ac baja nk-unadh nc eautnccakh a Bnz`akk nk chu tin`}hu dn u~vida aztutiea# y nc ehkdn Zai`~kdh dn E~nzu# ea}itk dnozagata# ehk q~ink uin`}zn baja ehkunzvadh ~ka kti`aa`iutad# y dnc q~n tnkdzn`hu u dn ~ka vn heauik dnbajcaz dn k~nvh+

]zhkth un }znunktazhk htzhu# y nc :: dn khvin`jzn dn1242# Bnz`akk chu zn~ka a thdhu nk u~ e~aztith dn caeaccn dn ca kivnzuidad+ Uch dineik~nvn in`jzhu un ba-ccajak }znunktnu< e~atzh ikuezithu kh bajak }hdidh ae~-diz+ @hkunhz dn ca Jh~iccnzin }znuida ca }nq~na zn~kik#e~yhu `in`jzhu un bajak f~ktadh

ehk ca iktnkeik# dien nc aeta dn nuta }zi`nza unuik# dn o~kdaz~ka auheiaeik q~n tnkdz }hz hjfnth ca Nr}huieik y AdhzaeikKhet~zka dnc Uaktui`h Uaeza`nkth# ca zn}azaeik dn chu ~ctzafnu dnq~n nu hjfnth# y }aza atzanz uhjzn Ozakeia cau jnkdieihknu dn Dihuy a}aztaz dn ncca chu `acnu q~n ca a`nkaak+

Q~ }zhgza`a tak gzakdn }aza tak }nq~nh k`nzhdn bh`jznu# eaui thdhu dn ca `u b~`icdn ehkdieik!A}aztn nc }zh`hthz dn ca zn~kik# ehkheidh }hz u~ gnkih`~uieac y }hz u~ z~idhua ehkvnzuik< adn`u dnc }znui-dnktn \`hku+ dn ca Jh~iccnzinP# e~ya digkidad nk ca uhein-dad y nk ca dihenuiu daja znacen ac }nq~nh znjah< ya}aztn dn dhu hoieiacnu dn `azika# q~n he~ctajak u~ diu-tikeik jafh cau a}azinkeiau `u `hdnutau y q~n# }hza`hz dn Dihu# un baeak chu `u b~`icdnu# chu auheia-

dhu kh nzak eaui `u q~n n`}cnadhu hue~zhu# hjznzhu yeziadhu+Bn aq~ chu ikutz~`nkthu dn q~n Dihu un uizvi }aza

nutajcnenz ca auheiaeik dn ca Adhzaeik Khet~zka# q~nun ba ehkvnztidh nk ~ka dn cau `u i`}hztaktnu dn cadienuiu dn ]azu# y q~n nriutn nk u dn htzau eike~nktadienuiu# atzaynkdh nk thdau }aztnu cau `u aj~kdaktnugzaeiau+ \Nuezijn nuth Eazchu Uycvaik nk 122=# ca onebank q~n o~n nuezith nc }znunktn cijzhP+

Hjza }zhvidnkeiac}aza tin`}hu d~zhu dn ca Igcnuia

Ca khtieia dn q~n# aktn ca znvhc~eik tzi~koaktn nk Zh`a#

nc }a}a ]h IR baja tnkidh q~n ajakdhkaz ca ei~dad yzno~giazun nk Ganta \}~nzth ac u~z dn Zh`aP# iku}iz achu }iadhuhu auheiadhu ca idna dn }hknz nk }zetiea ik-`ndiata`nktn u~ }zhyneth< y au ca }zi`nza khebn dnAdhzaeik un encnjz nc ? dn diein`jzn dn 1242+ Ca un-g~kda y tnzenza khebnu un vnzioieazhk chu dau := y :1dnc iu`h nu# ehk heauik dn cau zhgativau dn E~aznk-ta Bhzau hzdnkadau }hz nc azhjiu}h dn ]azu a iktnkeikdnc U~`h ]hktoien+

Nk Ozakeia# }~nu# nuta o~kdaeik un zncaeihka ehk ~kadn cau oaunu u dhchzhuau dnc }a}adh# y ehikeidn nk ncchehk ca `iu`a hjza dn adhzaeik o~kdada nk Zh`a# nk121=# nuta vn ehk `htivh dnc ea~tivnzih dn ]h _II+Bnz`akk y u~u a`ighu nutajak cnfhu dn ehkhenz nkthk-enu nuta ehikeidnkeia }zhvidnkeiac< kh baeak `u q~nung~iz deic`nktn chu iutnzihuhu i`}~cuhu dn ca gzaeia+

Eh`inka ca Adhzaeik Khet~zkank K~nutza Unhza dn cau _iethziau

Cau }zi`nzau vigiciau un nonet~azhk nk nc oa`huh uak-t~azih dn K~nutza Unhza dn cau _iethziau# dn ae~nzdhehk ca }zh}~nuta q~n bih nc vnknzajcn uaenzdhtnDnugnknttnu+ Nk nua igcnuia# ~ka c}ida dn `z`hc ehch-eada nk ~ka dn cau }icautzau dnc actaz dndieadh a uakAg~utk# }nz}nt~az nc zne~nzdh dn nuta o~kdaeik+

Chu uheihu dn ca Adhzaeik Khet~zka y dn cau Ehkon-znkeiau dn uak _ienktn dn ]ac# q~n kh bajak iktn-

zz~`}idh cau uaktau vigiciau ac }in dnc uagzazih d~zaktn chubhzzhznu dn ca Eh`~ka \dn ]azu6 }nzhdh znvhc~eihka-zih# `~y vihcnkth# dn `azh a `ayh dn 1271P# q~iuinzhkehk nuta c}ida daz tnuti`hkih dn u~ agzadnei`inkth6

A K^NUTZA UNHZADNCAU _IETHZIAU#K^NUTZA ]ZHTNETHZA#

NKBH@NKAFNDNGZATIT^DYDNA@HZDNCAU EHKONZNKEIAU

DN UAK _IENKTNDN ]AC#YDNCAAUHEIAEIK

DNCA ADHZAEIK KHET^ZKADN]AZU51 DN@AYHDN 1271

Ca auheiaeik dn ca Nr}huieik y Adhzaeik Khet~zka dnc Uakt-

ui`h Uaeza`nkth# nk ]azu# ba tnkidh u~ hzignk nk nuta igcnuia# nc? dn diein`jzn dn 1242# dnjidh ac ench dnc Zdh+ }adzn Bnz`akk ydn @hku+ Ozakeiueh dn ca Jh~iccnzin# hjiu}h dn Eazeauhka# nkthk-enu vieazih gnknzac dn ca dienuiu dn ]azu+

Cau vigiciau kh un ehktik~azhk# uik n`jazgh# nk K~nu-tza Unhza dn cau _iethziau+ ]hdak# nk noneth# ehkvnztiz-

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un nk ~k n`jazah }aza nc unzvieih }azzhq~iac+ Y un nueh-gi }aza c~gaz dn zn~kik nc hzathzih dn chu ]adznu@aziutau+

Bnz`akk ehk chu @aziutauBnz`akk tnka gzakdnu dnunhu dn dnfaz nc `~kdh# }nzh

tnka q~n }agaz tznikta `ic ozakehu dn dn~dau y knenuitkh `nkhu dn dhu ahu }aza e~`}ciz ehk u~ hjcigaeik+

]aza aceakaz e~akth aktnu u~ hjfntivh# tzajaf `~-

ebh# y un }ziv dn thdhu chu }caenznu dn ca vida+ UakFhu# a q~ink baja ehkoiadh ca }zhtneeik dn u~u e~ida-dhu tn`}hzacnu# ch jnkdifh y cn oavhznei nk thdhu u~unuo~nzhu+

Kh hjutaktn# }~nuth q~n kh }hda thdava baenzun hk-fn# q~iuh acnfazun `u eada da dnc a`jinktn z~idhuh nkq~n bauta nkthkenu baja vividh# y eh`h nc hzathzih dnchu ]adznu @aziutau un baja ehkvnztidh nk undn dn caAdhzaeik Khet~zka# }idih a nuhu zncigihuhu q~n cn ehk-endinzak ~k }nq~nh a}hunkth nk ca gzak eaua q~n }h-unak nk ca eaccn dn @hkt}azkauun+ Th` dn c }hunuiknc 19 dn onjznzh dn 1249# nk eh`}aa dnc ea}itk dnkavh E~nzu y dn Dhk Eazchu Oagn# fhvnk n`}cnadh dnc

`ikiutnzih dn ca G~nzza# q~inknu bajak uidh u~u }zi`n-zhu a~riciaznu nk ca hjza dn ca Adhzaeik Khet~zka+ \DhkEazchu Oagn ~zi }heh dnu}~u dn q~n Bnz`akk nktza-za nk nc Eaz`nchP+

Ca vida dn nuthu a~utnzhu eziutiakhu o~n `htivh dn ndi-oieaeik }aza chu j~nkhu ]adznu @aziutau q~n cnu bajakdadh bhu}itacidad+ k tnutigh dn u~u vizt~dnu y }indad unnr}znua eh`h uig~n6

Kh q~iuinzhk ad`itiz a kadin a u~ unzvieih+ Ncchu `iu`hu un}zn}azajak cau eh`idau+ Y q~ eh`idau# gzak Dihu! ka ikdiuezn-eik khu }~uh ~k da ac ehzzinktn dn ch q~n un }zn}azajak }azaeh`nz# y hu aung~zh q~n }hz ~ebh a}ntith q~n b~jinun tnkidh# khb~jinza }hdidh aehut~`jzaz`n a tacnu aci`nkthu+

Kh }hdak he~ctzkhuch thdh# y u~ aetit~d nk ca ea}icca nza`htivh dn gzakdn ndioieaeik }aza thdhu khuhtzhu+ Kadin }~dinzai`agikzunch ui aktnu kh chu b~jinun viuth+ U~ znehgi`inkth nza tac#q~n kh vnak ki hak kada dn thdh e~akth he~zza a u~ aczndndhz+]azneak nutaz uin`}zn nk ehktn`}caeik y a vnenu nk nc azzhja-`inkth dnc rtauiu+ ]hz ~k unkti`inkth nragnzadh dn dnvheik a cauagzada N~eaziuta# un bajak i`agikadh q~n nza `~y ikdnehzhuhvhcvnz ca nu}acda ac uagzazih }aza uaciz dn ca igcnuia+ Y au# dnu}~udn bneba ca `u }zho~kda gnk~ocnrik aktn nc actaz# un zntizajakakdakdh baeia atzu y# eh`h nc }auadih dn ca ea}icca nza jautaktnnutznebh# ijak tzh}nakdh y ehkt~uihkkdhun a eada }auh ehktzachu jakehu+ Ehk ozne~nkeia chu tnutighu dn tac nuenka kh }hdakzn}zi`iz ca ziua< }nzh chu dhu eziutiakhu nutajak tak }zho~kda`nktnajuhzthu nk ca }znunkeia dn Dihu q~n k~kea ch adviztinzhk+

]zn}aza ~k ehkeinzth

Bnz`akk un }zn}azaja }aza daz ~k gzak ehkeinzth nk ca uaca dnUakta Eneicia+ Uch Dihu }~ndn uajnz ch q~n cn ehut dieba }zn}aza-eik+ Dnudn ca `aaka a ca khebn nutaja theakdh ca nueaca y kada`u q~n ca nueaca+ Cn nr}znu nc nkhz`n aj~zzi`inkth q~n n ea~-uaja ca hkhthka dn hz ehktik~a`nktn ca nueaca+ Uinkth ~ebh#`n difh# ea~uazcn nuta hcnutia# }nzh thdh nc uneznth }aza ccngaz a unz~k nrencnktn y bjic }iakiuta ehkuiutn nk theaz ca nueaca# ca nueaca#kada u q~n ca nueaca+ Diga a u~u a`ighu q~n }~dinzak eznnz q~nknenuitak `anutzhu }aza }nzoneeihkazun# q~n thq~nk ca nueaca ykada `u+ Nu nc `nfhz `anutzh# nc `u ung~zh y `nkhu ehuthuh+]nzh# aadih uhkzinkdh# vach ~utnd# kh }inzdh nc tin`}h+ @i anu-tzh nu dn ch u ehkdnuenkdinktn+ Nk e~akth n ba viuth theaz ~kavn ca nueaca# n dnfa ehktik~az# y ac iu`h tin`}h n }nz`itn cnnztheakdh# y theaz cnynkdh+ Y dieinkdh nuth# `n `hutzaja ajinzthaktn u# uhjzn nc }~}itzn# ca ]nzoneeik eziutiakadnc \}adzn AchkuhP

Zhdzg~n# ehk e~ya cnet~za un zneznaja+]zi`nzau eh`}huieihknu zncigihuau

Ac iu`h tin`}h q~n }zn}azaja nc ehkeinzth# eh`}hka ekti-ehu nk bhkhz dn ca Uaktui`a _izgnk# y ccnvaja ca b~`icdad bauta}ndiz`n ehkunfhu y zhgaz`n q~n cn dinza `i h}ikik uhjzn diebhu

ektiehu+ Y eh`h cn bieinza vnz `i iku~oieinkeia# `n znu}hkdi6Tnkga ~utnd nk e~nkta q~n uhy `~y fhvnk nk zncigik# y q~n `iuidnau un znuinktnk ak dn ca ikoc~nkeia dnc ~kdh dn dhkdn vnkgh+++Eh`}hkgh ehk n`heik# u# }nzh tnkgh indh# a }nuaz dn q~n z~ngha Dihu y a u~ @adzn q~n `n iku}iznk# tnkgh `indh dn tnknz niku}izaz a cau ac`au kada `u q~n n`heihknu dn }nza+ @n nuo~nz-h# nut~dih y# ehk ca ay~da dn ca gzaeia# nu}nzh ccngaz a kh iku}izaz`n`u q~n dn cau ehuau dnc einch y dn ca ntnzkidad \Eazta dnc }adznZne~chk# aziutaP+

Dnjn`hu dneiz abhza dn q~ `aknza Bnz`akk o~n ik-

d~eidh a }~jcieaz cau acajakau a @aza Ik`ae~cada y abaenz aeth }jcieh dn on nk u~ Ik`ae~cada Ehken}eik#eikeh ahu aktnu dn ca dnoikieik dhg`tiea \Eazta dnc}adzn Bnz`akk a ca U~}nzihza dn ca _iuitaeik nk ]azu#2-RII-12?5P+

Ca bnz`aka @aza-]a~cika dn Oh~gnzaiu# zncigihua dn ca_iuitaeik dn Uakta @aza# tnka ad`izajcnu diu}huieih-knu }aza ca }hnua# y ehk ozne~nkeia# d~zaktn chu heihuq~n cn dnfaja cijznu ca Zngca# eh`}hka ektiehu# e~ya}zho~kda nu}izit~acidad ehkd~ea cau ac`au a ca }indad ydnvheik+ D~zaktn ~ka cazga tn`}hzada q~n un vih hjci-gada a }auaz nk ca nkonz`nza# nk 1241 y 124:# bajaeh`}~nuth ~ka unzin dn ncchu nk bhkhz dn ca Uaktui`a

_izgnk+ Acc nutajak dnktzh dn ~k eazta}aeih# nu}nzakdhca bhza dn uaciz dnc `iu`h+ Ca Bnz`aka `iu`a }azneabajnzchu hcvidadh+

]nzh nk 1242 ca eazidad chu bih uaciz dnc }zho~kdh nu-ehkditn+ ^ka oa`icia aeajaja dn vnzun u~`ida nk eh`-}cnta z~ika+ Dkdn baccaz ch knenuazih }aza ay~dazca8 Uhz]a~cika un aehzd dn u~u ektiehu+ Nu einzth q~n tnkgh`iu }hjznu ektiehu q~n d~nz`nk dnudn baen uintn ahu#difh ehkoidnkeiac`nktn a ~ka dn cau Bnz`akau+ Gakautnkgh dn dzunchu# }nzh q~ bazk ehk ncchu8+

Ca U~}nzihza a}zhj nc }zhyneth+ Uch un tzataja dnnkehktzaz a acg~ink q~n cnu }~uinza ca uiea y e~ya oa`aay~daza a ca vnkta+ ]nzh ca dioie~ctad nutaja nk baccaz az-

tiuta nk e~nutik+ ]hz eau~acidad un ehku~ct ac ]adznu~}nzihz dn chu `aziutau# }~nuth q~n cau zncigihuau igkh-zajak ca }znunkeia dn Bnz`akk nk u~ eh`~kidad+ Au# dnca akh dn ca ]zhvidnkeia# kaei ca eh`}huieik dn ~khuad`izajcnu ektiehu nk bhkhz dn @aza# q~n c~ngh unzaknc hzignk dn htzh ektiehu ac Uaktui`h Uaeza`nkth+

Bnz`akk aehgi uhceith nc nkeazgh+ Kh baja dneidi-dh dndieaz a ca @adzn dn Dihu u~u }zi`nzau eh`}huieih-knu ~uieacnu8 Au un }zhd~fh ca eh`}huieik dn chu tznik-ta y dhu ektiehu tit~cadhu Gchzia a @aza+ Uacinzhk a c~a eh`inkhu dn ayh dn 1249+ Nc hjfntivh dn uhz @aza-]a~cika un chgz }hz eh`}cnth# }~nu ca vnkta dn chu ek-tiehu }zhd~fh ch jautaktn }aza }hdnz uaeaz dnc ajiu`h a

u~u }zhtngidhu# y a }nuaz dn cau dn~dau q~n cn aghjiajak#Bnz`akk kh }idi eh`h }zn`ih dn u~ tzajafh `u q~n~k uhch nfn`}caz# y adn`u dnutikadh a htza }nzuhka6

kh nu }aza `# uikh }aza `i bnz`aka# a q~ink q~inzh `~ebh# yq~n dnfh nk nc `~kdh ehk nc unkti`inkth dn uajnz q~n ehktikauinkdh ak dn zncigik f~da+

cti`h ehkeinzthDnfn`hu dn k~nvh ca }acajza ac zncigihuh `aziuta e~yh

tnuti`hkih bn`hu eitadh aktnu6Q~iuh# dien# q~n cn aeh`}aaza ac ehkeinzth+ Nc rith o~n ik`nk-

uh# }aznei uhjzn}auazun a u `iu`h# y ~ka tn`}nutad dn a}ca~uhuznuhk nk thda ca uaca+ Ui nc a~dithzih b~jinun }hdidh u~}hknz q~n chha }hz cti`a vn# u~ nkt~uiau`h uik d~da kh b~jinza ehkheidh

c`itnu+ Dnu}~u dnc ehkeinzth vikh a nkehktzaz`n ac uachkeith nkq~n `n baja he~ctadh6 Ab!# nreca`# tnkdikdh`n chu jzahu

Ca vheaeik

Nc ]+ Dh`ikgh dn Uak Fhu nk J~zdnhuNk 1259# nc }adzn eaz`ncita Dh`ikgh dn Uak Fhu# dn

ca Znohz`a dn uakta Tnznua# ccngaja a J~zdnhu uik dhe~-`nkthu# uik zh}a y uik diknzh+ Ea}ncck eautznkun nk ncnfzeith dn Dhk Eazchu dn Nu}aa un baja viuth hjci-gadh a b~iz dnu}~u dn ca tzaieik dn @azhth& tzaieikq~n }nz`ita a ca znika Eziutika nrtnkdnz u~ a~thzidad

uhjzn thda nuta kaeik# uin`}zn tak ajkngada ac unzvieihdn Eziuth y dn ca Igcnuia+&\Dh`ikgh dn Uak Fhu "1799-127=)# eaz`ncita kavazzh# }zh-

onuhz dn oichuhoa nk Eacabhzza y dn tnhchga nk ]a`}chka+ Ea}n-cck dn ca G~azdia Znac dn Dhk Eazchu# b~yn a Ozakeia tzau catzaieik dn @azhth# y znuta~za acc nc Eaz`nch+ Gnknzac dn caHzdnk "12?>)# }aztiei}a nk nc _atieakh I "12?9-127=)P+

&&\Zaoanc @azhth "1725-1247)# gnknzac nk fnon eazciuta# q~n}aet ehk nc gnknzac Nu}aztnzh# cijnzacP+

Ca }nzune~eik baja ya aceakadh a chu zncigihuhu y acecnzh dn Nu}aa# y `~ebhu dn uthu bajak th`adh ncea`ikh dnc dnutinzzh+ Nc }adzn Dh`ikgh# dnuigkadh eh`h~ka dn cau }zi`nzau veti`au dn cau vnkgakau dn chueziutikhu# baja }hdidh nvadizun a tin`}h dnc ea`}a`nktheazciuta# y a tzavu dn `ic }ncigzhu# baja ehkung~idh }n-kntzaz nk tnzzithzih ozakeu+ Un baccaja# }~nu# nk J~zdnhu#ehk iktnkeik dn n`jazeaz }aza @rieh# nk dhkdn nu}n-zaja }hdnz znn`}znkdnz ca vida zncigihua nk ~kh dn chuehkvnkthu dn ca Hzdnk dnc Eaz`nk# q~n dn}nkdak dn caehkgzngaeik dn Nu}aa+

Ca @+ Jaticdn dnc Kih Fnuu]nzh ca ]zhvidnkeia baja dneididh htza ehua+ Ca bnz-

`aka Jaticdn dnc Kih Fnuu& nza nkthkenu ]zihza dn cauEaz`ncitau nk J~zdnhu+ Dnudn baea din ahu# uhcieita-ja dn chu K~keihu nk ]azu# y dn chu Gnknzacnu nk Zh`a#nc znutajcnei`inkth dn chu Eaz`ncitau Dnueachu nk Ozak-

eia+ ]nzh u~u ikutakeiau kh bajak nkehktzadh kikg~kaaehgida oavhzajcn+ Nc nutadh dn Ozakeia# chu }znf~ieihunk jhga# ca }hctiea dh`ikaktn y# nk ~ka }acajza# dioie~c-tadnu dn thdh gknzh# kh }azneak }hdnz }nz`itizcn kiuiq~inza ~ka nu}nzaka dn vnz znaciazun u~ j~nk dnunhaktnu dn cazghu ahu+

&\Kaeida nk ]zighzd# dn ca ic~utzn oa`icia dn chu Uaikt-Nr~}zy#ikgznua nk 1214 nk nc Eaz`nch dn J~zdnhu# dnc q~n o~n u~}nzihza+O~kda u tazdn nk _ika# ]iziknhu Hzinktacnu# dhkdn `~nzn nk1244# a chu 72 ahuP+

Uik n`jazgh# ca vnknzajcn ]zihza ehktik~aja }idinkdha Dihu ch q~n chu bh`jznu cn kngajak+ Tak }zhkth eh`hccng a J~zdnhu nc }adzn Dh`ikgh# o~n a viuitazca# y ya nk

nuta }zi`nza nktznviuta ca @+ Jaticdn cn ehkt u~u dnunhu#cau gnutihknu q~n baja bnebh y cau nu}nzakau q~n tnkadn q~n ~k da cau vnza e~`}cizun+

Nc uakth zncigihuh ca nue~eb atnkta`nktn# y q~ndad`izadh dn ca kitidn dn u~ cnkg~afn y dn ca nknzga dnu~ on+ Un uikti azzautzadh a dazcn ca }zh`nua dn une~k-

dazca nk ca hjza q~n baja n`}znkdidh+

Znkaen nc Eaz`nch nk Ozakeia]nzh nc }adzn Dh`ikgh nutaja uhch+ Kh hjutaktn# eh`-

}z ~ka eaua y j~ue eh`}anzhu+ Eh`h ca }nzune~-eik ehktik~aja nk Nu}aa# ehkuig~i ~k zncigihuh q~n#dnu}~u dn bajnz uidh ac~`kh u~yh# vikh a unz eh`}a-nzh u~yh nk zncigik# nc }adzn C~iu dnc Uaktui`h Uaeza-`nkth&+ Dhu bnz`akhu# ~kh dn ehzh y ~k ehkvnzuh# un

cnu bajak f~ktadh ta`jik+&\Ta`jik kavazzh "12=?-12?:)# diue}~ch dnc ]+ Dh`ikgh# aq~ink u~endn eh`h }znen}thz dn tnhchga nk ]a`}chka+ Cn uig~na Ozakeia# anutzh dn khvieihu nk Jzh~uuny y nk 12?1 }zhvikeiacdn ca Hzdnk nk Aq~itakiaP+

]nzune~eihknu y viethziauYa bak eh`nkadh a viviz ca zngca# e~akdh ca }hciea

u~u}iea dnc Ghjinzkh dn F~cih diu}nzua a chu `in`jzhudn ca kaeinktn eh`~kidad+

Gnutihknu dn ca @+ Jaticdn ehkuig~nk q~n }zhkth nutkdn k~nvh zn~kidhu nk J~zdnhu+ Gzakdn nu ca acngza dnchu e~atzh eaz`ncitau# htza vn f~kthu+ Eznen ehk nuth u~ehkoiaka nk ca ]zhvidnkeia# y nuta ehkoiaka kh nu vaka6un }znunktak khvieihu ozakenunu# un cnu hoznen ~k ehk-vnkth nk Jzh~uuny# enzea dn J~zdnhu# Zh`a a}z~nja nciktnkth# zneijnk nc uhehzzh dn acg~khu jinkbnebhznu# y}zhkth un ajznk htzhu ehkvnkthu nk @hktigky y nk Agnk+

Nk nuth# ca znvhc~eik dn 1242 nutacca# y ca zncigik yu~u hjzau uacnk jnknoieiadau dn ca nza dn cijnztad q~n unajzn nk Ozakeia+ Cau tnktativau ya n`}znkdidau }hz Dh`G~zakgnz& y }hz nc }adzn Caehzdaizn&& }aza ca znuta~-zaeik dn cau zdnknu zncigihuau chgzak nrencnktn znu~cta-dh+ Y ta`jik chu bifhu dn uakta Tnznua# ccngadhu nkthk-enu }hz ~k ehke~zuh dn eize~kutakeiau iknu}nzadau# a}zh-vnebak cau viethziau hjtnkidau }hz nuhu dhu ic~utznu ea`-}nhknu dnc znutajcnei`inkth dn ca vida zncigihua nk u~ }atzia+

&\]zhu}nz G~zakgnz "12=>-127>)# uaenzdhtn }zi`nzh y jnkn-dietikh u tazdn# biuthziadhz# cit~zgiuta# znuta~zadhz dn ca Hzdnkjnkndietika nk Ozakeia# dnudn u~ ajada dn Uhcnu`nu# y gzaki`}~cuhz dnc hvi`inkth citzgiehP+

&&\Bnkzi-Dh`ikiq~n Caehzdaizn "12=:-12?1)# dh`ikieh# oa-`huh }zndieadhz y nuezithz# znuta~zadhz dn chu dh`ikiehu nkOzakeiaP+

Bnz`akk q~nda cijznBnz`akk }hz oik nza cijzn+ U~u dn~dau bajak uidh }a-

gadau# baja dadh nc cti`h adiu ac `~kdh+ Y u~ `uvivh dnunh ehkuiuta nk unzviz a Dihu nk nc uaenzdheih# acq~n# eh`h ya vi`hu# un baja eh`}zh`ntidh }hz vhth+]nzh unza uaenzdhtn une~caz h nktzaza nk ~k ehkvnkth8Tac nza ch q~n un }zng~ktaja ehk ozne~nkeia# y ak bajatnkidh ca idna d~zaktn einzth tin`}h

dn o~kdaz ~k ehkvnkth dn bh`jznu nk ~ka dn cau ehcikau q~nzhdnak ]azu# }aza chu fvnknu bautiadhu dn ca vida dnc ~kdh# q~nvivizak nktzngadhu a ca hzaeik }nz}nt~a \Diazih ::-R-1247P+

^k da iktnzzhg ac }adzn Caehzdaizn aenzea dn u~ vh-eaeik# y cn }zng~kt ui dnja baenzun ozaicn6 Tinkn ~u-tnd vachz }aza dnfazun nue~}iz nk ca eaza uik ebiutaz8# cn}zng~kt nc gzak dh`ikieh+ U# nreca` Bnz`akk+ Nkthkenu# bgaun ~utnd ozaicn+

Uakta Tnznua dn Fnuu y uak F~ak dn ca Ez~]nzh# nk q~ Hzdnk ch q~nza Dihu8 ]nztnknea ya a ca

Hzdnk Tnzenza dn uakth Dh`ikgh# y a }zi`nza viuta }a-znen q~n b~jinza dnjidh atzanzcn ca Hzdnk dn chu Bnz`a-khu ]zndieadhznu# q~n nktzn u~u `in`jzhu e~nkta tak-thu aztiutau dn thdau ecaunu+ Uik n`jazgh# kh u~endiau+ Ac }zikei}ih# kh ehkhea ecaza`nktn cau iktnkeihknuq~n Dihu tnka aenzea dn c+

7/30/2019 Hebreos Catlicos: Hermann Cohen, Apstol de La Eucarista - Charles Sylvain

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Kh hjutaktn# }aznen einzth q~n }zi`nza`nktn cn o~nikdieadh nc Eaz`nk# dn `aknza vaga q~iu+ Y kh eajnd~da dn q~n nc dnunh `akionutadh dnudn nc ja~tiu`h dnth`az nc uakth nuea}~cazih dnc Eaz`nk kh }aznea ~kikdieih u~oieinktn }aza u~ vheaeik+ Ya vi`hu# uik n`-jazgh# q~n nk ca }zi`nza nktznviuta q~n t~vh ehk nc ua-enzdhtn dn ca Jh~iccnzin# utn cn }zh`nti baenz ch knen-uazih }aza q~n nktzaza nk nc Eaz`nk# y Bnz`akk akhtadieba }zh`nua nk u~ diazih+ Adn`u vn`hu nk c q~n cnn

auid~a`nktn cau hjzau dn uakta Tnznua+ Eaui eada }gikadn nutn iu`h diazih nkeihka acgk }nkua`inkth uaea-dh dn cau hjzau dn ca uakta Znohz`adhza dnc Eaz`nk+Dihu ch diu}hka au# y cn }zn}azaja cnkta y ung~za`nktn+

c# dn thdhu `hdhu# ehku~ct a vaziau }nzuhkau+ A u~a`igh Dn E~nzu cn nuezijiz q~n baja iktnzzhgadh a cau`u actau c~`jznzau dn ca nu}izit~acidad y dn ca dizneeikdn cau ac`au \Eazta 51-_II-1249P+ Nk oik# bih ~k zntizhnu}izit~ac nktzn ca Auenkuik y ]nktnehutu dn 1249# d~-zaktn nc e~ac ca cnet~za dn ca vida dn uak F~ak dn ca Ez~dntnz`ik u~ vheaeik dn `aknza izznvheajcn +

Acg~khu dau dnu}~u# ohzt~ita`nktn# nkehktzaja nk]azu a ~k zncigihuh dn ca Hzdnk dn Eaz`ncitau Dnueac-

hu# nutajcneida nk Agnk dnudn baea }heh tin`}h+ Ba-jc ehk c# un ikohz` uhjzn ca uit~aeik dn ca Hzdnk# y cac~ un bih nkthkenu `u viva nk u~ ac`a+ Th` ca znuhc~-eik dn dizigizun a nun ehkvnkth }aza }ndiz nc ikgznuh+

Dnu}ndida dn u~ `adznNc 1> dn f~cih# Bnz`akk o~n a dnu}ndizun dn u~ adzn+

Cn ak~keia q~n }aztn }aza ~k viafn ~k }heh cazgh# q~nq~inzn th`az ~ka dneiuik dnoikitiva }aza u~ }hzvnkiz yq~n }aza tac hjfnth knenuita uhcndad y dnueakuh+ Ca }h-jzn adzn kh un nkga6 u~ bifh ca dnfaja y q~iu kh chvinza k~kea `u+

Nc da uig~inktn# 1?# da dn ca oinuta dn K~nutza Unhza

dnc Eaz`nk# ca unhza un dizigi ehk u~u dn`u bifhu a canutaeik dn Hzcaku }aza vnz dn k~nvh a u~ Bnz`akk y}aza }zhe~zaz zntnknzch q~iu nk ]azu+ Baea ya acgktin`}h q~n nu}nzaja# e~akdh a ch cnfhu diviu a u~ bifhq~n un diziga baeia ncchu+ Ija a }in# hdnuta`nktn vnuti-dh# ehk ~ka acnta nk ca `akh+ Nc eachz nza aghjiaktn# ync ehzak dn ca }hjzn `adzn nr}nzi`nkt ~ka dhchzhua}~kada ac vnz tac `nta`hzohuiu+

Ca dnu}ndida o~n ehk`hvndhza+ Kh o~n uik gzakdnunuo~nzhu eh`h Bnz`akk }~dh dh`ikaz u~ n`heik+]nzh Dihu y ca _izgnk @aza ch auiutak# y ehk ki`hznu~ncth un acnf dn cau eazieiau q~n }hdak dnjicitaz u~vhc~ktad+

Nc Eaz`nch dn AgnkBajinkdh }aztidh dn ]azu nc 1? dn f~cih# Bnz`akk ccn-

g a Agnk nc 19# }aza cau }zi`nzau viu}nzau dnc }zhontauak Ncau# ehkuidnzadh eh`h nc }zi`nz o~kdadhz dncEaz`nch+

Acg~khu dau dnu}~u dn u~ ccngada \:>-_II-1249P# nu-ezija a uhz @aza-]a~cika dn Oh~gnzaiu6

Bajith aq~# nk ~ka gzatui`a uhcndad# ~ka nz`ita uaktioieada}hz ca nutakeia dn dhu ztiznu dn ca on nk nutn }au# uak Ea}zauih yuak _ienktn+ Chu dhu }zi`nzhu hjiu}hu dn Agnk un zno~giazhk aq~#y tzau ncchu# thda ~ka unzin dn nz`itahu bak }nz}nt~adh nc unzvieihdivikh nk nutau gz~tau taccadau nk ca zhea+ Un eznnza nutaz nk caueatae~`jau y viviz nk chu }zi`nzhu tin`}hu dn ca eziutiakdad# e~akdh

un auiutn a ca uakta @iua nk nutau nutznebau gz~tau+ Nc uicnkeih# ca}hjzna y ca dnuk~dn dn nuthu c~gaznu ncnvak ehk oaeicidad nc ac`aa Dihu+ Nc 51 dn f~cih# oinuta dn uak Igkaeih# nktzh nk zntizh nu}izi-t~ac+

Ca Nz`ita au un cca`a nc Eaz`nch dn Agnk nut ui-t~ada ac khztn dn nuta ei~dad# uhjzn ~ka nkeaktadhza

ehcika q~n dh`ika thdh nc }au+ Nc aizn# nc uhc# nc vnzdhz#thdhu chu gzakdnu zne~nzdhu dnc kaeinktn eziutiakiu`h nkAgnk# ch baenk ~kh dn chu `u oavhzajcnu c~gaznu }aza ncnut~dih y ca hzaeik+ Y au# nc }adzn Dh`ikgh ch bajadnutikadh }aza eaua dn nut~dihu dn ca Hzdnk# nk ca q~n chufvnknu zncigihuhu# dnu}~u dnc khvieiadh# ae~dizak }azanut~diaz ca oichuhoa y ca tnhchga+ Bnz`akk kh uaja e`hehktnknz u~ nkt~uiau`h6

Uakta Tnznua va a unz i adzn# nuezijn a u~ a`igh Dn E~nzu< nc

nuea}~cazih# `i bjith< ~ka encda dn hebh }inu e~adzadhu# thdh `i~kivnzuh+ Q~ onci uhy! Uinkth q~n vhy a e~`}ciz ca uakta vhc~k-tad dn Dihu! \51-_II-1249P+

Nc }adzn Dh`ikgh nktnkda jink nc azdhz y ca gnknzhui-dad dn Bnz`akk+ Ac`a ohghua# zn~ka nk u~ }nzuhka th-dau cau e~acidadnu q~n ohz`ak ac zncigihuh# ac a}uthc y acuhcdadh+ E~akdh ahu dnu}~u# nk 12?># o~n ncngidhU~}nzihz Gnknzac dn chu Eaz`ncitau Dnueachu# ]h IR cndifh6 Bn aq~ a i Gnknzac }hcgchta+ Tnkdz ca nknzgadn Nu}aa# nc azdhz dn Ozakeia y ca uajid~za dn Itacia+Unz ~k }nzoneth Gnknzac+ ]~nu jink# nutn j~nk zncigih-uh aehgi ehk ghh ac k~nvh }hut~caktn# cn dizigi ~khunfnzeieihu nu}izit~acnu q~n bih nk u~ zntizh# y dnudn nk-thkenu cn q~iuh ehk vnzdadnzh aoneth dn }adzn+

Ac aeajaz chu nfnzeieihu# nc }adzn Dh`ikgh nkvi aBnz`akk ac khvieiadh# nk Jzh~uuny# enzea dn J~zdnhu+Eh`h un tzataja dn ~k f~dh ehkvnztidh# Bnz`akk kh}hda unz zneijidh nk ca Hzdnk dnc Eaz`nk uik diu}nkuanr}znua dn chu u~}nzihznu gnknzacnu+ Eh`h cn nza knenua-zia dieba diu}nkua aktnu dn nktzaz nk nc khvieiadh# ehkti-k~ }zn}azkdhun ehk ca hzaeik y nc znehgi`inkth+

Eazta a u~ oa`iciaD~zaktn nutn tin`}h nueziji a u~ oa`icia }aza }aztiei-

}azcn u~u znuhc~eihknu+Jzh~uuny# 1? dn aghuth dn 1249+

Q~nzida adzn# q~nzida bnz`aka y q~nzidhu bnz`akh y e~adh6Baen ya ~k `nu q~n bn dnfadh ]azu y bn tnkidh tin`}h dnznocnrihkaz# uhch ehk Dihu y cnfhu dnc ~kdh# aenzea dnc }aztidh q~ndnjh th`az }aza ccnvaz dnudn abhza ~ka vida ehkohz`n a iu ehkvie-eihknu y a ca vhc~ktad dn Dihu znu}neth dn `+

Bajiu }znunktidh }nzoneta`nktn q~n ija a dnfaz nc `~kdh y cazncaeik }ncigzhua q~n ac iu`h n cigaja+ ]nzh ak kh uajiu a q~gknzh dn vida zncigihua vhy a ehkuagzaz`n+ Abhza jink# ch q~n takthtn`aiu kh va a u~endnz+ Kh# kh `n vnziu nk ]azu ehk uhtaka dnuaenzdhtn< ki n vnziu dn iuihknzh# a~kq~n una ehua nrencnktn+ Bnnuehgidh htzh dnutikh+ _hy a th`az eh`h }atzi`hkih ca uhcndad# nczntizh# nc uicnkeih# ca vida he~cta n igkhzada# ~ka vida dn ajkngaeik+

Nk ~ka }acajza# n bacch nk nc khvieiadh dn ~ka Hzdnk zncigihuaoa`hua nk ca biuthzia }hz u~u a~utnzidadnu# u~u }nkitnkeiau y u~a`hz a Dihu+ Nuta Hzdnk t~vh u~ hzignk nktzn chu f~dhu# 95= ahu

aktnu dn Fnu~eziuth+ Nc }zhonta Ncau dnc Aktig~h Tnuta`nkth cao~kd nk nc hktn Eaz`nch# nk ]acnutika+ Nu ~ka Hzdnk dn vnzdadn-zhu f~dhu# dn chu bifhu dn chu }zhontau q~n nu}nzajak ac @nuau# q~neznynzhk nk c e~akdh vikh# y q~n un bak }nz}nt~adh bauta k~nu-tzhu dau# vivinkdh uin`}zn dn ca `iu`a `aknza# ehk cau `iu`au}zivaeihknu dnc e~nz}h y chu `iu`hu ghhu dnc nu}zit~# eh`hvivinzhk nk nc hktn Eaz`nch nk F~dna# baen ~khu :+2== ahu+ A~kbhy da ccnvak nc kh`jzn dn Hzdnk dnc @hktn Eaz`nch+++

Bay dhu ecaunu dn eaz`ncitau6 chu ~khu# baccakdh ca vida ccnvada}hz nc }zhonta Ncau dn`auiadh zig~zhua# uhcieitazhk q~n ca Igcnuia cau~aviaza ~k }heh# baen ya dn ncch ~khu q~ikinkthu ahu# y uhk chuEaz`ncitau `itigadhu h Eaz`ncitau eacadhu+ Chu htzhu q~iuinzhkvhcvnz dn k~nvh a chu }zi`itivhu zighznu dn ca Hzdnk# eh`h# }hznfn`}ch# fa`u eh`nz eazkn# akdaz a }in dnueach ch `iu`h nkikvinzkh q~n nk vnzakh# ay~kaz eaui thdh nc ah# dhz`iz uhjzn ~ka

tajca dn `adnza uik ujakau# ki zh}a jcakea# ehcebk ki fnzgk< izvnutidhu ehk ~ka nu}nein dn uayac dn caka uhjzn nc e~nz}h "ya q~n khun da ca zh}a jcakea u q~n a chu nkonz`hu)# }zaetieaz nc uicnkeih yca uhcndad eaui ehktik~hu# cnvaktazun thdau cau khebnu }aza eaktaz#dnudn ndiakhebn bauta cau dhu# cau acajakau dnc Unhz# y nditazda y khebn nk u~ cny uakta+

>+ Ca vheaeik

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Ebazcnu Uycvaik Bnz`akk Ehbnk# a}uthc dn ca N~eaziuta

Nuthu zncigihuhu gnknzac`nktn bajitak nk cau `hktaau# o~nza dncau ei~dadnu# }nzh uik n`jazgh ch jautaktn enzea dn nccau }aza q~n}~ndak }znutaz ay~dau nu}izit~acnu ui un cnu }idnk+ Bn aq~ ch q~nchu diutikg~n dn cau zdnknu `iuihknzau# eh`h chu `aziutau y chufnu~itau+ Chu Eaz`ncitau Dnueachu }nz`aknenk nk ca uhcndad yuch uacnk dn ncca }aza ay~daz ac }zfi`h# e~akdh utn chu cca`a }azaehkonuaz# }aza encnjzaz `iua h jink }aza }zndieaz# nte+ ]nzh nke~akth bak e~`}cidh ehk ca hjza dn eazidad# dnjnk vhcvnz a cauhcndad# a u~ q~nzida encda dn uniu }inu e~adzadhu+ Ca `a tinkn~khu e~atzh h eikeh }inu dn akebh y uintn dn cazgh# y nk ncca nuthy`u onci y ehktnkth q~n ui znikazank ca gzak uaca dn cau T~ccnzau hnk nc }acaeih i`}nziac dn Uak ]ntnzuj~zgh+ Bay q~n dneiz ta`jikq~n fa`u un nut heihuh6 eada `h`nkth nut ehkuagzadh a acgktzajafh# y ca ea`}aka khu advinztn }~kt~ac`nktn# eada bhza h eada`ndia bhza# ch q~n dnjn`hu baenz+++

Nk ]acnutika baja ya nk tin`}h dn chu f~dhu k~`nzhuau uhein-dadnu dn bh`jznu }iadhuhu q~n ccnvajak ~ka vida un`nfaktn+ Y}aza q~8 ]aza atzanz ca `iunziehzdia dnc Thdh}hdnzhuh uhjzn catinzza# y a}aztaz u~ f~uta ecnza# }zhkta a eautigaz a chu q~n cn honk-dnk+++ < }aza u~oziz nk c~gaz dn chu q~n# tn`inkdh nc }adnei`inkth#vivnk nk chu }caenznu< y# nk oik# }aza a`az a Dihu eh`h c khu baa`adh n i`itaz ca vida ccnvada }hz Fnu~eziuth e~akdh vikh uhjzn catinzza a uacvaz a chu bh`jznu }hz `ndih dnc }adnei`inkth# ca ajkn-gaeik# nc uaezioieih# ca hjndinkeia# ca u~`iuik# ca b~`iccaeik# ca}hjzna y ca `~nztn+

uta nu ca vida q~n bn nuehgidh# y e~akdh n vniu# ch q~n dnunh`~ebh# vnziu ~ka eaza ehktnkta# onci# unznka# ~k ehzak q~n hua`a# q~n }idn y q~n }ndiz# da y khebn# ac Unhz q~n hu jnkdiga athdhu vhuhtzhu }atnzkac`nktn# q~n hu ehc`n dn oncieidad y dn thdhch q~n }~nda ehktzij~iz a baenzhu diebhuhu+ Ui acg~kh dn vhuhtzhut~vinzn acg~ka vn ca dnugzaeia dn diug~utazcn h dn honkdnzcn# cn}ndiz q~n n ch baga nr}iaz a # aq~# nk ca tinzza# a oik dn q~inkb~jinzn }neadh kh u~oza ntnzka`nktn y dn q~n thdhu khu baccn`huzn~kidhu ~k da nk nc unkh dn Ajzabk# k~nutzh }adzn eh`k+++

@~ebh hu agzadnenz q~n ak~keiiu a `i }adzn `i k~nvh nuta-dh# }~nuth q~n ya nut }zn}azadh a ncch }hz `i eazta+ Un nrtzaazdn vnz a u~ bifh dnueach# ozaicn nkdieaktn y ehktnktui`h nk unzch6vivi`hu kiea`nktn dn ca eazidad dnc }zfi`h# nk ~ka }acajza# dnci`huka# y ch tnkn`hu a gchzia+ ^k da eh`}znkdnziu thdh nuh+++

C~ngh nrbhzta a u~ e~adh# q~n cn baja }zh}~nuth

~ka ehktzhvnzuia zncigihua# a q~n znocnrihkn unzia`nktn ya q~n cna ehk i`}azeiacidad ca Dhetzika Eziutiaka dnCbh`hkd# q~n dn hdh tak noiea cn ic~`ik a c iu`h#y tnz`ika dieinkdh6

Dnunh uikenza`nktn q~n uiktiu ca }a y fjich iktnzihznu dn q~ndiuoz~th ehktik~a`nktn dnudn baen dhu ahu# y uhjzn thdh dnudnq~n thdh ch dnf }hz Dihu+ c n dnv~ncvn ~ka y ic vnenu eada dach q~n cn bn uaezioieadh# vnztinkdh nk `i ac`a tnuhzhu dn gzaeia+Adiu!

_~nutzh dnvhth y aonetui`h#

Bnz`akk

Oeic nu adivikaz ca dnunu}nzaeik y chu uhcchhu q~nb~jh dnu}~u dn ca cnet~za dn nuta eazta+ Dnudn nutn iku-

taktn# ca unhza dn Ehbnk znuhcvi baenz thdh ch }huijcn}aza zne~}nzaz a u~ bifh+

_iafn a Zh`aNktzn takth# Bnz`akk kh nza thdava khvieih+ Chu u~-

}nzihznu gnknzacnu dnc Eaz`nch# q~n tn`ak q~n nc fhvnky zneik ehkvnzuh kh }nzunvnzaza nk u~ vheaeik# ba-jak nkviadh ~ka znu}~nuta kngativa+ Nuta kngativa aoci-gi }zho~kda`nktn a k~nutzh }hut~caktn# }nzh uik dnu-aki`azcn+ _ih nk ncca ~ka }z~nja dn ca ]zhvidnkeia# y caaen}t ehk u~`iuik+

]nzh nc iu`h da }azti }aza Zh`a# dneididh a iz bau-ta Ganta a }zhutnzkazun a chu }inu dnc Uakth ]adzn# uio~nun knenuazih# }aza hjtnknz ca diu}nkua q~n knenuita-ja# eh`h f~dh ehkvnztidh# }aza nktzaz nk nc Eaz`nch+ Yakh nu nc viafnzh ncngaktn y zieh dn htzh tin`}h# va eaui}hjzn`nktn vnutidh# y th`a }auafn nk nc jazeh dn @az-uncca a Eivit-_neebia nk cau cti`au ecaunu+

A }nuaz dn nuta `aknza dn diuoza# d~zaktn ca tzavnuanu znehkheidh }hz vazihu dn u~u eh`}anzhu dn viafn dnca }zi`nza ecaun+ Cn zhdnak y onutnfak# y d~zaktn cau bh-zau dn nueaca nk Gkhva# cn hjcigak a q~n thq~n nc }iakh+Un }znuta a ncch dn j~nka vhc~ktad# }nzh un `~nutza ik-unkuijcn a chu nchgihu y a thdau cau tnktativau q~n cn baenk}aza q~n v~ncva a ca vida ~kdaka+

Nu ad`itidh nk ca Hzdnk dnc Eaz`nk

Ccnga a Zh`a baeia nc 1: dn un}tin`jzn# y un dizignik`ndiata`nktn a ca eaua gnknzacieia dn chu Eaz`ncitauDnueachu+ Ca ]zhvidnkeia iu`a vnzdadnza`nktn ch ehk-d~ea a tac da y eize~kutakeia+ Chu u~}nzihznu gnknzacnuun baccajak zn~kidhu nk ehkunfh }aza tzataz dn thdhu chuau~kthu dn ca Hzdnk+ Ca zn~kik un baja ajinzth nc 1= dnun}tin`jzn# y ca e~nutik dn ca ad`iuik dn Bnz`akk o~ntzatada nk ca tnzenza unuik# nc da 14+ Bnz`akk nuezijn au~ a`igh Dn E~nzu6

Aeajh dn znuhcvnz oavhzajcn`nktn# kh uik dioie~ctad# nc au~kthq~n n ba tzadh# y uik knenuidad dn zne~zziz ac ]a}a+ Nc Uakth ]adznnut nk K}hcnu# y }aza ccngaz bauta c un knenuitak :1 dau dne~aznktnka+ Dnjh znk~keiaz a ca dieba dn jnuazcn chu }inu+

Jznvn nutakeia nk Zh`aBnz`akk baja dndieadh a chu viafnu j~nka }aztn dn u~vida# ehkhea eaui thda N~zh}a y baja vividh cazgh tin`}hnk Itacia+ ]nzh }hz Zh`a kh baja bnebh uikh }auaz nk1259+ Ca ei~dad ntnzka }znunktaja `u dn ~k acieinktn}aza nc eziutiakh y }aza nc aztiuta# au nu q~n dnja tnknz~k atzaetivh izznuiutijcn }aza c+ ]nzh Bnz`akk kh un dnfdiutzanz dnc hjfnth dn u~ viafn ki uiq~inza }hz ca }iadhuatnktaeik dn viuitaz Zh`a ehk `ayhz dntnkeik# vnz z-}ida`nktn u~u igcnuiau y j~ueaz nuau n`heihknu q~n takgzatau uhk ac ehzak dn ~k eatcieh+

_nzdad nu q~n Zh`a nutaja thdava dn c~th# }~nu nc]a}a ehktik~aja nk nc dnutinzzh# y a~kq~n ca a~thzidad

}hktioieia nut~vinun znuta~zada nkthkenu }hz chu nfzeithuozakenunu# kh nutaja thdava eh`}cnta`nktn znutajcnei-da dn chu }adnei`inkthu q~n baja u~ozidh jafh ca dieta-d~za dn chu @aiki y dn chu Gazijacdi+

A }nuaz dn ca ozatnzka bhu}itacidad q~n baccaja nk ncehkvnkth dn ca Ueaca#Bnz`akk kh tnka uikh ~k dnunh6vhcvnz a Jzh~uuny y n`}naz nc khvieiadh+ ]hz nuh# dnu-}~u dn bajnz }auadh tak uch dhen dau nk Zh`a# nc :2dn un}tin`jzn ch bacca`hu nk @azuncca# nk e~ya ei~dadun dntinkn ehk ca nu}nzaka dn vnz a u~ a`igh Dn E~nzu+]nzh utn kh }~ndn dnfaz Thck# y Bnz`akk cn nuezijn}aza dazcn e~nkta dn chu znu~ctadhu n i`}znuihknu dn u~viafn+

Iktnzu }hz ca Adhzaeik zh`akaUi kh ba viuitadh chu `hk~`nkthu n igcnuiau dn Zh`a#

nk ea`jih u ba tnkidh tin`}h }aza iktnznuazun }hz ~kaauheiaeik# q~n ba q~nzidh nut~diaz dn enzea# y dn ncchda e~nkta a u~ a`igh# znoizikdhcn ch q~n ba viuth y avn-zig~adh+

Nk noneth# ac dnfaz ]azu# Bnz`akk kh un ba dnuiktnzn-uadh dn ca auheiaeik dn caAdhzaeik Khet~zka dnc Uak-tui`h Uaeza`nkth q~n baja o~kdadh+ Fa`u ezna# a}nuaz dn cau a}azinkeiau# q~n ca ajakdhkh# nuezijn a u~a`igh# nc ehkdn dn E~nzu "Agnk# 51-_II-1249)+ Nk noneth#tzajafaz nk ncca thda u~ vida# eh`h vnzn`hu# y nk Zh`a

kh cn ajakdhk fa`u nc }nkua`inkth dn nuta ad`izajcnhjza# dn u~u adncakthu y dn cau gzaeiau y }zivicngihu ehkq~n un }~ndn nkziq~nenz+

Dnfh a kh`jzn dn ~utnd nk eaua dnc uaenzdhtn Jz~kncch# ~katajncca ehk cau k~`nzhuau ikd~cgnkeiau }cnkaziau y }azeiacnu dn q~ngha nk Zh`a ca azebiehozada dn chu bnz`akhu q~n vncak }hz ca

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khebn aktn nc Uaktui`h Uaeza`nkth+ Bn nktzadh nk zncaeihknu ehku~ dizneeik+ ]au ~ka khebn nk adhzaeik ehk ncchu y bn n`}nadhgnutihknu ehk hjfnth dn agzngaz eakkiea`nktn ca Adhzaeik dn]azu a ca dn Zh`a# ch q~n daz eh`h znu~ctadh q~n un ehkenda a chuadhzadhznu y jinkbnebhznu dn ]azu diuoz~taz dn thdau cau ikd~cgnk-eiau y }zivicngihu hthzgadhu }hz vazihu ]a}au a ca azebiehozada dnZh`a "Eazta a E~nzu# @azuncca :2-IR-1249)+

C~ngh cn znoinzn e`h un }zaetiea ca Adhzaeik y cnunaca cau }aztie~cazidadnu q~n }hdzak unz i`itadau nk]azu+ Oikac`nktn# nc 5= dn un}tin`jzn# dnu}~u dn ba-

jnz nu}nzadh nk vakh a u~ a`igh# n`}znkdn ca v~ncta aJzh~uuny# nk dhkdn zneijn nc bjith zncigihuh nc ? dn he-t~jzn+ \Nu nc ah dn 1249# y nc 1= dn khvin`jzn Bnz`akke~`}ciz chu vniktik~nvn ahu dn ndadP+

?

Nc khvieiadh

Nc khvieiadh dn Jzh~uunyJzh~uuny# a hebh cng~au dn J~zdnhu# nkei`a dn ~ka

}nq~na ehcika# zhdnada dn ea`}hu azjhcadhu# ozticnu yacngznu# nu ~k c~gaz ~y }zh}ieih }aza nc znehgi`inkth yca hzaeik+ Nc uaenzdhtn Nutnjak-]ndzh G~nukna~# }-zzheh dn Eazdk# baja eh`}zadh nutn tnzznkh ehk caiktnkeik dn nutajcnenz nk c ~ka eh`~kidad zncigihua+

U~u }zhynethu# uik n`jazgh# kh nutajak ak `~y jinkdntnz`ikadhu+

Nk 1259 ccng a J~zdnhu nc }adzn Dh`ikgh+ Nutau dhunrencnktnu }nzuhkau kh tazdazhk `~ebh nk eh`}znk-dnzun# y nc znu~ctadh dn u~ nktznviuta o~n q~n nc }adznDh`ikgh nutajcnenza nk Jzh~uuny nc }zi`nz ehkvnkthdn u~ Hzdnk nk Ozakeia+ Ac ah uig~inktn# nc 19 dn azhdn 124=# oinuta dn uak Fhu# nc }zzheh G~nukna~ nktzn-gaja ca }zh}indad ac j~nk zncigihuh y a u~u dhu eh`}a-nzhu# y nc 2 dn ajzic K~nutzh Unhz# }znunktn nk ca ua-gzada N~eaziuta# th`aja uhcn`kn`nktn }hunuik dn ca}nq~na ea}icca y dnc ehkvnkth nktnzh+ Ca gnktn bajaae~didh k~`nzhua a ca enzn`hkia+

Zntnkidh nk ca ea`a }hz nkonz`ndad# nc uaenzdhtnG~nukna~ kh baja }hdidh auiutiz a ca oinuta< }nzh# acatazdnenz# }idi eh`h ~k gzak oavhz q~n cn }nz`itinzakcnvaktazun }aza }hdnz baenz ~k aeth dn adhzaeik aktn cauagzada N~eaziuta+ T~vh ~ka n`heik y acngza tak gzak-dnu# q~n ac nktzaz nk ca ea}icca eay dnuvakneidh y nrba-c eaui nk ung~ida nc cti`h u~u}izh+

Nc dhchz dn chu zncigihuhu o~n }zho~kdh# ch cchzazhk uik-enza`nktn y q~iuinzhk g~azdaz u~ e~nz}h nktzn ncchu+

Nc Bnz`akh Ag~utk-@azadnc Uaktui`h Uaeza`nkth

Nutn ehkvnkth# nc }zi`nzh dnc znkaei`inkth dnc Eaz-

`nk nk Ozakeia# o~n nuehgidh }aza unzviz dn khvieiadh#y nk c# nc ? dn het~jzn dn 1249# vu}nza dn ca oinuta dncuaktui`h Zhuazih# zneija Bnz`akk nc bjith jauth y}nuadh dn chu bifhu dn uakta Tnznua# y ea`jiaja u~ kh`-jzn }hz nc dn Ozay Ag~utk-@aza dnc Uaktui`h Uaeza-`nkth&+

&\Nk cau uig~inktnu }gikau ~uazn`hu khz`ac`nktn nc kh`jzndn Bnz`akk# Bnz`akh h ]adzn# ehk nc q~n }au a ca biuthzia+ ]hzch dn`u# chu eaz`ncitau# ~ka vn }zhonuhu# ehkunzvak aet~ac-`nktn u~ kh`jzn dn oa`iciaP+

Nk ch u~enuivh nc `~kdh ya kh nu kada }aza c+ Nk u~}nq~na encda# ehkDihu uhch# tnkinkdh }hz thdh hjicia-zih ~ka tajca dn `adnza# q~n cn unzviz dn ea`a# y ncu~nch eh`h auinkth# kh neba dn `nkhu chu `hjiciazihu}zneihuhu y chu c~gaznu c~fhuhu dn htzhu tin`}hu+ Nktza

abhza ehk acngza nk ~ka gzak uaca e~yau }azndnu nkfa-jncgadau kh }znunktak htzh hzka`nkth uikh ~ka gzak ez~dn adnza ehcheada nkei`a dn ca eajna dnc u~}nzihz+ Nkeh`}aa dn u~u bnz`akhu# }hjznu y oncienu eh`h c# unuinkta a ~ka nua dn }ikh jcakeh+ Tinkn aktn u ~k vauh y~k fazzh dn jazzh eheidh# ~k tnkndhz y ~ka e~ebaza dn`adnza# ~k }nq~nh e~ebicch# thdh ncch nkv~ncth nk ~kaunzviccnta+

Ca eh`ida nu ca `iu`a }aza thdhu6 cng~`jznu# oz~tauchu dau dn gzak oinuta# y }nueadh# thdh ndidh y ehchea-dh aktn eada ~kh nk }nq~nau nue~diccau dn jazzh eheidhh dn `adnza+ Ya kh un cnvaktaz# eh`h taktau vnenu ak-tnu# nktzadh nc da# dnu}~u dn bajnz tzaukhebadh bautanc a`aknenz+ Nk adncaktn# un aehutaz tn`}zakh# y a `n-diakhebn# a }nuaz dnc zighz dnc ikvinzkh# ehk chu }inu dnu-eachu# iz a ca ea}icca }aza eaktaz d~zaktn dhu bhzau cauacajakau a Dihu+ C~ngh vhcvnz a aehutazun nk u~ tajca#}aza }zhe~zaz znak~daz nc u~nh d~zaktn acg~kau bhzau+

Nk u~ vida ~kdaka ch zhdnajak dn nchgihu y a}ca~uhu#y abhza un }znunktaz nk ndih dnc znonethzih# ccnvakdh caez~ uhjzn chu bh`jzhu# }aza azzhdiccazun aktn thdhu u~ubnz`akhu# y nk }znunkeia dn thdhu# ae~uazun dn u~u oac-tau a ca Zngca+ Y htzau vnenu nue~ebaz nk uicnkeih cauhjunzvaeihknu dn u~u u~}nzihznu h cau a`hknutaeihknuozatnzkau dn u~u eh`}anzhu+

Aktnu diutzij~a nc tin`}h# cau aetividadnu# tzajafhu y

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