7/24/2019 Gerundives Powerpoint

1/11

Gerundives

7/24/2019 Gerundives Powerpoint

2/11

The gerundive

The gerundive is a verbal adjective that

is used to express necessity or

obligation. It is in the passive voice

They should be translated as something

must be verb-ed

7/24/2019 Gerundives Powerpoint

3/11

The gerundive

So: Cartago delenda est=

Carthage must be destroyed

7/24/2019 Gerundives Powerpoint

4/11

Forming the Gerundive To form the Gerundive, simply take

the Present Stem from a verb and

add ndus, a, umonto it.

cf. Amanda, Miranda and agenda

Again, as with the Present Active

Participle, verbs of the 3rd-io and 4th

conjugations add an i to the stembefore the ndus, a, um

A good way to remember the ending is

from the word gerundive.

7/24/2019 Gerundives Powerpoint

5/11

Forming the Gerundives

Steps to forming a Gerund

1. Find the present active infinitive (the 2nd principlepart).

am, amre, amv, amtum

2. Take off the -re.

1. am

4. Add ndto the stem [remember -ie- for 3rdio and 4 C]

1. ama + -nd

5. Add the 2nd/1st adjective endings

amandus/a/um

7/24/2019 Gerundives Powerpoint

6/11

Practice

1. genitive, singular, m, vide, vidre

2. accusative, singular, f, rog, rogre

3. ablative, singular, n, duc, ducere

4. dative, singular, m, capi, capere

5. nominative, singular, f, audi, audre

7/24/2019 Gerundives Powerpoint

7/11

Practice

1. genitive, singular, m, vide, vidre

videndi

2. accusative, singular, f, rog, rogre

rogandam3. ablative, singular, n, duc, ducere

ducendo

4. dative, singular, m, capi, capere

capiendo

5. nominative, singular, f, audi, audre

audienda

7/24/2019 Gerundives Powerpoint

8/11

Gerundives

We have already seen gerundives and have learnedthat they should be translated as ought to be verb-ed.

In addition, they too can be used with caus, grti,and ad to express purpose.

7/24/2019 Gerundives Powerpoint

9/11

Exempla

Rmam vn matris videndae caus.

I came to Rome for the sake of seeing (my) mother.

Arma cpit ad pugnandum hostem.

He took up arms for the purpose of fighting the enemy.

7/24/2019 Gerundives Powerpoint

10/11

Practice

1. Lgts pcis petendae caus soci msrunt.

2. Rmns erat voluntas bellrum gerendrum.

7/24/2019 Gerundives Powerpoint

11/11

Practice

1. Lgts pcis petendae caus soci msrunt.

The allies sent envoys for the sake of seeking peace.

2. Rmns erat voluntas bellrum gerendrum.

There was a desire for the Romans of waging wars.