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Free Communications, Poster Presentations: Lower Extremity Function

Friday,June19,2009,8:00AM-11 : 30A M,Paik ViewLobby,ConcourseLevel;authors present 10 : 30A M-11 :30AM

H i p F l ex i b i l i t y A n d S t ren g t h

C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s I n S e m i - P r o f e s s i o n a l

A n d C o l l eg i a t e I ce H ock ey A t h l e t e s

Gordon JR, Laudner KG, Brayf i e ld P ,

M oor e S D , M cL od a T A , M cC aw S ;

I l l i noi s Sta t e Univer s i ty , Normal , IL

Context: Ice hockey differs from many spwrts

due to the extreme tri-planar motion that occurs

at the hip joint during the skate stride. This

functional difference, as well as the large forces

and repetitive nature of skating may affect the

hip r ange of mot ion (ROM) and s t r ength

pat terns of ice hock ey athletes . How ever ,

cur r ent ly there ar e no data compar ing the

functional hip ROM and strength characteristics

of hockey players to individuals with no ice

hockey experience.

Objective:

To determine if

the hip RO M and strength of ice hockey athletes

differ in the three planes of motion as compared

to controls . D es i gn : Descr ipt ive s tat is t ics .

Sett ing: University biomechanics laboratory

and var ious a th l e t i c t r a in ing f ac i l i t i es .

Participants: For ty eight male par t icipants ,

including 27 semi-professional an d collegiate ice

hockey p l ay e r s ( age= 21 . 0+ 2 . 7 y r s ,

he i gh t = l 79 . 4 5 . 8 cm , m as s = 83 . 3 7 . 8 kg ,

exper ience=3.7 2.5 yrs) and 21 col legiate,

r ecreat ional ly ac t ive cont rol par t i c ipant s

( age= 21 . 7+ 1 . 2 y r s , he i gh t = 182 . 8 7 . 7 cm ,

mass=85.2l6.3 kg) volunteered to participate.

All participants had no recent history (within 6

months) of hip or knee injtuy and no history of

hip or kn ee surgery. Interventions:Hip ROM

was assessed using the Pro Digital Inclinometer

(SPI-Tronic, Garden G rove, CA). Hip strength

was measured us ing the Lafayet t e Manual

Muscle Test System hand held dynamometer

(Lafayette Instrument, Lafayette, IN). The peak

foree created during three isometric contractions

was divided by each participant's body weight

to calculate peak foree as a percentage of their

ind ividual body weight (%B W) . Mul t ip l e

unpaired t-tests w ere u.sed for statistical analysis

with an applied Bonferonni correction (P

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D i f f e r e nc e s I n H i p S t r e ngt h A m ong

Individual s With Di f f erent Arch

H e i g h t s

Ear l JE , Baze t t - Jones DM, Josh i M,

Cobb SC: Unive rs i ty o f Wiscons in -

M i l w a u k e e , M i l w a u k e e , W l

C ont e x t : Foot s tructure, part icularly arch

height, and weak hip musculature hav e both been

linked to lower extremity (LE) injuries. It is

possible that foot anatomical structure influences

the strength of the proximal hip musculature,

particularly in the frontal and transverse planes.

However, the relationship between hip strength

and arch height has never been investigated.

Objective: To determine if differences in hip

strength exist among individuals with low, typical,

and high arch height foot structures. Design:

Sing le - sess ion , c ross sec t iona l . Se t t i ng :

Neuromechanics laboratory.

Patients or Other

Par t i c ipants :

A convenience sample of 74

healthy, college-aged participants (29 men, 45

women; age=22,6+4,8, mass =70,213,4 kg,

height=l,68+0,11 m) were tested bilaterally to

create an n=148 feet. Interventions: A hand-

held dynamometer and immovable straps were

used to determine the maximal voluntary

isometric contraction for hip flexion, extension,

abduction, adduction, and intemal and extemal

rotation. Peak strength (force, N) w as norm alized

using an allometric normalization technique

[force/(mass '' ')]. Foot structure was assessed

via the Digital Photographic Measurement

Method using the Arch Index (AI) technique

during 90% weight bearing. Participants were

categorized into the low or high arch groups if

their AI was one standard deviation below, or

above the group mean, respectively. M ai n

Outcome Measures:The independent variable

was areh height group (low n =26, typical n=100,

high n=22), dependent variables were norm alized

peak strength of hipflexion,extension, abduction,

adduction, and intemal and extemalrotation.Data

were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with

Tukey post-hoc analyses, p25 miles/week, and no concurrent

lower extremity injury. Runners were chosen

because of the high incidence of lower extremity

injury in this group. Interventions: Surface

EMG data were collected from the gluteus

mdius (GMed), tensor fascia la tae (TFL),

anterior hip flexors (AHF) and gluteus ma ximus

(GMax) of the dominant (kicking) leg during a

maximal vo lun ta ry i somet r ic con t rac t ion

(MVIC), and during each of the three exercises

with a cuff weight resistance equal to 5% body

mass. The Stabilizer Pressure Biofeedback unit

was placed beneath the participant's trunk to

provide feedback on trunk position.

M ai n

Outcome Measures: Peak root mean square

(RMS ) for each exercise was normalized to peak

RMS during the MVIC, and the dependent

va r iab le was % MVIC, The independen t

v a r i a b l e s w e r e e x e r c i s e ( A B D , A B D E R ,

C L A M ) a n d m u s c l e ( G M e d , T F L , A H F ,

GMa x). A two-way repeated measures ANOVA

and Tukey's post hoc testing were conducted,

p < , 0 5 .

R e s u l t s : There was a s ignif icant

in te rac t ion be tween exerc i se and musc le

p

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(COP) and peak impulse (PI) values to be

measured during this dynamic activity.

Main

Outcome Measures:

CO P and PI mean values

were computed lom all three trials for subjects

under the fatigued and not fatigued conditions.

Resul t s :

Subject CO P was a s ignificant ly

decreased following the fatigue protocol

t 14)

=

-7.508,

P < .001). Non-fatigued m ean CO P w as

2.160.511cm while fa t igue measures were

2.946.538 cm. PI measurem ents were likewise

decreased under the fatigue condition (t(14) =

-2.605, P = .021). Non-fatigued mean PI was

2868+1269N while fa t igue measures were

3539+977N.

Conclusions:

This study revealed

that fatigue significantly affected a person's ce nter

of pressure and force absorption during a single

leg bound. The se performance deficits could

predisp ose a fatigued athlete to injury. Th is

may indicate a need for balance and landing

training while under fatigued conditions.

T h e E f f ect O f A O n e- T i m e A b d om i n a l

M u s c l e T ra i n i n g S es s i on O n T h e

A b i l i t y T o C on t rac t T h e T ran s vers e

A b d o m i n u s I n L o w B a c k P a i n P a t i e n t s

Burs ton AM, Hammi l l RR, Beaze l l J ,

Sa l iba S , Har t JM, Inge r so l l CD:

Unive r s i ty o f Vi rg in ia , Cha r lo t t e sv i l l e ,

VA, and Un ive r s i ty o f Nor th Ca ro l ina

a t Cha r lo t t e , Cha r lo t t e , NC

Context:

Real-time ultrasound (RTUS ) has been

shown to be a reliable way of measuring muscle

activation in the transverse abdominus muscle

(TrA). TrA thickness changes, as measured using

RTU S, directly correlates with activation. Long-

term core stability program s have been beneficial

in improving activation of the TrA in individuals

wi th LBP. Some c l in ic i ans be l i eve tha t

improvements in TrA activation can be made in

as little as one training session, although no

ev idence ex i s t s to suppor t these c l a ims .

Object ive:

The purpose of this study was to

detenn ine the effect of a one-tim e core stability

training session on TrA muscle thickness in

peop le wi th LBP.

D e s i g n :

R a n d o m i z e d

controlled trial

Setting;

Physical therapy clinic.

Patients or Other Participants.

20 patients (6

m a l e s , 1 4 f e m a l e s ; h e i g h t = 1 7 0 1 0 c m ,

mass=8226 kg, age=36+14 yrs) with LBP

who were r e fe r r ed fo r phys ica l the rapy

vo lun tee red to pa r t i c ipa te in th i s s tudy .

I n t erven t i on s ) :

Sub jec t s were r andomly

assigned to a training

n=9)

or non-training (n= 11 )

group. Individuals

in the

training group were taken

through a 45 minute core stability exercise

program while those in the non-training group

sat for 45 minutes. RTUS images of the TrA

were taken of the right TrA in the hook lying

(rest) posi t ion and while the pat ient was

performing a straight leg raise with the right leg.

Images were taken before and after the subject's

t r ea tmen t in t e rven t ion .

M a i n O u t c o m e

Measures:

Changes in TrA muscle thickness

across time and between groups;were measured

us ing a 2x2 r epea ted measu res ANOVAl

Measurements were captured before a therapy

0.73-0.77) Main Outcome Measures:

Dependent variables included the difference in

th IPAQ scores (METs) for walking, moderate

activity, vigorous activity, and total activity from

session and then immediately after.

Results:

pre-injury to 12 niont hs po.st injury for subjects

Mea n chang e scores at pretesting for the training

and control groups were 0.0587+0.1934 cm and

0.0506+0.0516 cm, respectively, compared to

posttesting scores of 0.08170.1374 cm and

0.0227+0.0751 cm. Statistical arialysis showed

no s ign i f i can t g roup by t ime in te rac t ion

(F |I j= 1.541, P=0.230 ) or main ej ec ts for group

(F,'1^=0.438, P=0.517) or time (F, ,^=0.014',

P=.9O7).

Conclusions:

Based on our data, we

conclude that one session of core stability

exereises is not sufficient to affect the ability oi"

patients with low back pain to contract their

TrA muscle with lower extreniity movement

any better than a control group. We do not

support the clinical idea that improvements in

in each injury classification. Paired differences

were assessed with the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank

Test (p