UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE GUERRERO

UNIDAD ACADÉMICA DE CIENCIAS QUÍMICO-BIOLÓGICAS

ENGLISH III

PROFESSOR: M.C.JORGE LUIS MONROY GUTIERREZ

TEAM MEMBERS:

CONDE CAMPOS REMBERTO

ORTEGA NAVA ALMA JULIET

ROJAS APARICIO AUGUSTO

VILLEGAS ROMAN VICTOR MANUEL

THURSDAY, JUNE 17TH, 2011 GROUP: 302

CARBON COMPOUNDS AND CHEMICAL BONDS

Organic chemistry is the chemistry of the compounds of

carbon. The compounds of carbon are central to life on this

planet.

The carbon

compounds include

deoxyribonucleic

acids (DNAs)

Aminoacids can react with each other to become proteins.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CARBON

COMPOUNDS.

Their first deliberate experience with anorganic reaction probably dates from their

discovery of fire

The fermentation of grapes to produce ethylalcohol

As a science, organic chemistry is less than200 year old. Most historians of science date

its origin tho early part of the nineteenthcentury, a time in which an erroneous belief

was dispelled

THE DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIC CHEMESTRY AS A SCIENCE

VitalismDuring the 1780s

scientists began to

distinguish between

organic compounds and

inorganic compounds.

Organic compounds were

defined as compounds

that could be obtained

from living organisms.

Inorganic compounds

were those that came from

nonliving sources.

EMPIRICAL AND MOLECULAR FORMULES

As a result, many molecules that had appeared earlier to have

the same formula were seen to be composed of different

numbers of atoms.

THE STRUCTURAL THEORY OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

The atoms of the elements in organic compounds can form a

fixed number of bonds. The measure of this ability is called

valence. Carbon is tetravalent; that is, carbon atoms form

bonds. Oxygen is divalent; and hydrogen and the halogens

are monovalent.

CARBON CYCLE

The carbon cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which

carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere,

geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of the Earth. It is

one of the most important cycles of the earth and allows for

carbon to be recycled and reused throughout the biosphere

and all of its organisms.

CARBON-CARBON COVALENT BONDS

Carbon s ability to form strong covalent bonds to other

carbon atoms is the single property of the carbon atom

that accounts for the very existence of a field of study

called organic chemistry.

HYDROCARBONS: REPRESENTATIVE ALKANES, ALKENES, ALKYNES,

AND AROMATIC COMPOUNDS

HYDROCARBONS

As the name implies, are compounds

whose molecules contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms

ALKANES

ALKENES

ALKYNES

AROMATIC COMPOUNDS

ALKANES

The principal sources of alkanes are natural gas and petroleum.

The smaller alkanes (methane through butane) are gases under

ambient conditions.

•The simplest

alkane

•Major

component of

natural gas

•There are

organisms that

produce methane

called

methanogens

ALKENES

Ethene is used as a starting material for the synthesis of many

industrial compounds, including ethanol, ethylene oxide, ethanal,

and the polyethylene.

Propene is used in making the polymer polypropylene, and in

addition to other uses, propene is the starting material for a

synthesis of acetone and cumene.

ALKYNES

The simplest allkyne is ethyne. Alkines occur in nature and can be

synthesized in the laboratory.

Alkynes whose molecules have multiple triple bonds exist in the

atmosphere of the outer planets in our solar system

BENZENE: A REPRESENTATIVE AROMATIC HYDROCARBON

The compound known as benzene is the prototypical aromatic

compound. Benzene can be written as a six-membered ring

with alternating single and double bonds, called a Kekulé

structure after August Kekulé.

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