European Innovation Scoreboard(EIS) 2009(Eng)/ Marcador de la Innovación europea 2009(Ing)/...

8/2/2019 European Innovation Scoreboard(EIS) 2009(Eng)/ Marcador de la Innovacin europea 2009(Ing)/ Europako Berrikunt

1/76

Cs}k~caeLeekxatlke

Tdk}cmka}o*CLT, =>>> :>> esgmc}t k} jctc dafft ga| mc mlffco%

Gk}c lehk}galke ke jc Cs}k~cae Selke lt axalfamfc ke jc Lec}ec *j~2++cs}k~a%cs,%

Daafk`sle` oaa dae mc hkseo a jc ceo kh jlt ~smfldalke%

LTME


3/76

Cs}k~cae Leekxatlke

Tdk}cmka}o *CLT, =>>

4 CS]K^CAE LEEKXA_LKE TDK]CMKA]O2 =>>< HLEOLE@T 1=

4%1 Leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc 1=

4%= @}kpj ~c}hk}gaedc 14

4%4 Leekxalke olgcetlket 13

4%? CS=0 ~c}hk}gaedc =>

? LG^AD_ KH _JC HLEAEDLAF D]LTLT ==

3 DKG^A]LTKE KH CS=0 LEEKXA_LKE @A^ PL_J GALE DKG^C_L_K]T =?

3%1 ST aeo Ba~ae =?3%= M]LD dkse}lct =8

8 _JCGA_LD ]C^K]_T 4=

8%1 Tcdk}af leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc 4=

8%= Stc} leekxalke 4=

8%4 Lec}ealkeaflralke 4?

8%? ]c`lkeaf leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc 43

0 DKSE_]\ ^]KHLFCT 4:

: _CDJELDAF AEECZ 38

:%1 Dafdsfale` dkg~ktlc leoczct 38

:%= Dafdsfale` }kpj }act 30

>< Ds}}ce ~c}hk}gaedc 3>< @}kpj ~c}hk}gaedc 84

Aeecz D2 Cs}k~cae Leekxalke Tdk}cmka}o =>>< Ocfi ellket kh leoldak}t 80

Aeecz O2 Cs}k~cae Leekxalke Tdk}cmka}o =>>< Dkse}| amm}cxlalket 01

Aeecz C2 Cs}k~cae Leekxalke Tdk}cmka}o =>>< TLL tdk}ct 0=

ADIEKPFCO@CGCE_T

_jc asjk}t a}c `}achsf k jc DLT _ati Hk}dc gcgmc}t hk} jcl} stchsf dkggcet ke ~}cxlkst o}aht kh jc ]LT

}c~k} aeo jc addkg~ae|le` Gcjkokfk`| }c~k}% Pc aftk adiekpfco`c jc dkggcet }cdclxco hkffkple` jc

~}ctcealke kh jc }c~k} a jc Pk}itjk~ ke Gcats}le` Leekxalke2 Ecp Cxlocedc le Ts~~k} kh Leekxalke

^kfld| k} aelrco m| Ml}imcdi& GC]L_ aeo O@ Cec}~}ltc aeo Leost}|& =


6/768

_jlt lt jc elej collke kh jc Cs}k~cae Leekxalke Tdk}cmka}o

*CLT,& pjldj ~}kxloct a dkg~a}alxc attcttgce kh jc leekxalke

~c}hk}gaedc kh CS=0 Gcgmc} Tact& seoc} jc CS Fltmke T}ac`|%

_jc gcjkokfk`| hk} jc =>>< CLT lt loceldaf k ja kh jc =>>: CLT%

_jc CLT =>>< ledfsoct leekxalke leoldak}t aeo }ceo aeaf|tct

hk} jc CS=0 Gcgmc} Tact at pcff at hk} D}kala& Tc}mla& _s}ic|&

Ldcfaeo& Ek}pa| aeo Tplrc}faeo% Matco ke jcl} leekxalke

~c}hk}gaedc ad}ktt =< leoldak}t& CS=0 Gcgmc} Tact haff lek

jc hkffkple` hks} dkse}| }ks~t12

Ocega}i& Hlefaeo& @c}gae|& Tpcoce aeo jc SI a}c jc Leekxalkefcaoc}t& plj leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc pcff amkxc ja jc CS=0

axc}a`c aeo aff kjc} dkse}lct% Kh jctc dkse}lct& @c}gae| aeo

Hlefaeo a}c lg~}kxle jcl} ~c}hk}gaedc hatct pjlfc Ocega}i aeo

jc SI a}c taèale %

Ast}la& Mcf`lsg& D|~}st& Ctkela& H}aedc& L}cfaeo& Fszcgmks}`&jc Ecjc}faeot aeo Tfkxcela a}c jc Leekxalke hkffkpc}t&

plj leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc mcfkp jktc kh jc Leekxalke

fcaoc}t ms dfktc k k} amkxc ja kh jc CS=0 axc}a`c% D|~}st&

Ctkela aeo Tfkxcela jaxc tjkpe a t}ke` lg~}kxcgce

dkg~a}co k =>>:& ~}kxlole` ae cz~faealke pj| jctc

dkse}lct jaxc gkxco h}kg jc Gkoc}ac leekxak}t le jc CLT

=>>: k jc Leekxalke hkffkpc}t&

Drcdj ]c~smfld& @}ccdc& Jseà}|& Laf|& Fljsaela& Gafa&^kfaeo& ^k}sàf& Tfkxaila aeo T~ale a}c jc Gkoc}ac

leekxak}t& plj leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc mcfkp jc CS=0axc}a`c% _jc CLT =>>< Gkoc}ac leekxak}t a}c a glz kh 3

Gcgmc} Tact pjldj pc}c Gkoc}ac leekxak}t le jc CLT

=>>: aeo 3 Gcgmc} Tact pjldj pc}c Dadjle`s~ dkse}lct

le jc CLT =>>:%

1 _jc dkse}| `}ks~t jaxc mcce locelfico stle` jc axc}a`c }ctsft kh jlc}a}djldaf dfstc}le` stle` 0 olc}ce dfstc}le` gcjkot2 Pa}ot gcjko& mcpcce`}ks~t fleia`c& pljle`}ks~t fleia`c& eca}ct ecl`jmks}& hs}jct ecl`jmks}& dce}klo dfstc}le` aeo gcolae dfstc}le`%

1% Czcdslxc tsgga}|

>%>>>

>%1>>

>%=>>

>%4>>

>%?>>

>%3>>

>%8>>

>%0>>

M@ FX ]K F_ ^F J S TI G _ L_ @] CT ^_ D R TL CS D \ CC E F H] LC MC FS A_ O I SI O C H L TC

TSGGA]\ LEEKXA_LKE ^C]HK]GAEDC CS=0 GCGMC] T_A_CT =>>< TLL

Ekc2 _jc Tsgga}| Leekxalke Leocz *TLL, lt a dkg~ktlc kh =< leoldak}t `kle` h}kg a fkpct ~kttlmfc ~c}hk}gaedc kh > k a

gazlgsg ~kttlmfc ~c}hk}gaedc kh 1% _jc =>>< TLL }ccdt ~c}hk}gaedc le =>>0+=>>: osc k a fa` le oaa axalfamlfl|%

_jc `}c| dkfks}co dkfsget tjkp =>>: ~c}hk}gaedc at dafdsfaco madipa}o h}kg =>>< stle` jc eczkfat oaa hk} cadj kh

jc leoldak}t% _jlt =>>: ~c}hk}gaedc lt ek loceldaf k ja tjkpe le jc CLT =>>: at ek hk} aff leoldak}t oaa dksfo mc s~oaco

plj kec |ca}% _jc olc}cedc mcpcce jc dkfsget hk} =>>: aeo =>>< tjkp jc gkt }cdce djae`ct le leekxalke ~c} hk}gaedc%

Msfà}la& Faxla aeo ]kgaela a}c jc Dadjle`s~ dkse}lct pljleekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc pcff mcfkp jc CS=0 axc}a`c% Aff j}cc

dkse}lct a}c }a~lof| dfktle jcl} à~ k jc axc}a`c ~c}hk}gaedc

fcxcf kh jc CS=0& aeo Msfà}la aeo ]kgaela jaxc mcce lg~}kxle`

jcl} ~c}hk}gaedc jc hatct kh aff Gcgmc} Tact%

_jl t |ca }t attcttgce tjkpt ja jc }c dkelesct k mc

dkexc}`cedc agke`t jc `}ks~t& plj Gkoc}ac leekxak}t

aeo jc Dadjle`s~ dkse}lct `}kple` a a hatc} }ac jae jc

Leekxalke fcaoc}t aeo Leekxalke hkffkpc}t%


7/760

@c}gae|& D|~}st& Gafa aeo ]kgaela a}c jc CS=0 dkse}lct

olt~fa|le` jc fa}`ct lg~}kxcgce pljle jcl} ~cc} `}ks~t

*gk}c ocalf le Tcdlke 4%=,

Pljle cadj kh jc dkse}| `}ks~t jc}c lt xa}lalke le `}kpj

~c}hk}gaedc& plj Hlefaeo aeo @c}gae| tjkple` jc mct

`}kpj ~c}hk}gaedc kh jc Leekxalke fcaoc}t% D|~}st&

Ctkela aeo aftk Tfkxcela a}c jc hatct `}kple` Leekxalke

hkffkpc}t% Drcdj ]c~smfld& @}ccdc& Gafa aeo ^k}s`af a}c jc

hat `}kple` Gkoc}ac leekxak}t aeo Msf`a}la aeo ]kgaela

a}c ek kef| jc hatct `}kpc}t agke` jc Dadjle`s~

dkse}lct ms aftk kxc}aff%

Ae lg~}cttlxc axc}a`c aeesaf `}kpj }ac kxc} jc fat fixc

|ca}t jat fco Ctkela aeo D|~}st k dadj s~ plj jc CS=0

axc}a`c leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc le =>>< *Tcdlke 4%1,

Mkj D|~}st aeo Ctkela jaxc lg~}kxco jcl} ~c}hk}gaedc h}kg

mcfkp jc CS=0 axc}a`c le jc CLT =>>: k ae amkxc axc}a`c

~c}hk}gaedc le jc CLT =>>

'4>

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=>>3 =>>8 =>>0 =>>: =>> '41'=< '=: '4>

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'43

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'=3

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'13

'1>

'3

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=>>3 =>>8 =>>0 =>>: =>>>< lt gcats}co stle oaa hk} =>>0,%


8/76:

_jlt }cgalele` a~ lt cz~faleco ~}lga}lf| le hks} a}cat2 lec}ealkeaf

~acele` *at gcats}co seoc} jc ~ace dkk~c}alke }ca|,&

~smfld ~}lxac fleia`ct aeo esgmc}t kh }ctca}djc}t *oct~lc

jc lg~}kxcgcet le mkj jctc a}cat,& aeo mstlectt ](O

cz~ceols}ct *pjc}c mkj CS=0 aeo ST xafsct jaxc taèaco&

pjlfc Ba~ae't jaxc led}catco,%

T}ke` aeo tamfc fcao k M}arlf

CS=0 ' M]ARLF

'34 '3? '3? '33 '34

'1>>

':>

'8>

'?>

'=>

>

=>>3 =>>8 =>>0 =>>: =>>

'8>

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=>>3 =>>8 =>>0 =>>: =>>

'8>

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>

=>>3 =>>8 =>>0 =>>: =>>

'8>

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=>>3 =>>8 =>>0 =>>: =>>>< lt gcat

s}co stle` oaa hk} =>>0,%

H}kg pljle jc M]LD dkse}lct& Djlea olt~fa|t jc

t}ke`ct ~c}hk}gaedc *Tcdlke 3%=,% _jc CS=0 gst

dkelesc k hleo pa|t k s}e jlt ~c}hk}gaedc lek

`}kpj k~~k}sellct

_ja jc CS=0 jat a t}ke` fcao dkg~a}co k cadj kh jc

M]LD dkse}lct& le ~a}ldsfa} kpa}ot M}arlf aeo Leola% _jc

~c}hk}gaedc fcao kpa}ot M}arlf jat }cgaleco tamfc aeo

ja kpa}ot ]sttla jat tfl`jf| lg~}kxco% Djlea aeo Leola

a}c mkj dadjle`s~ kpa}ot jc CS=0% _jc }ac kh }cfalxc

lg~}kxcgce hk} Leola lt gk}c gkoct jae ja hk} Djlea&

ms Djlea lt tjkple` a }a~lo }ac kh }cfalxc lg~}kxcgce

aeo lt ~c}hk}gaedc à~ jat ocd}catco t}ke`f|% Tlg~f|

cz}a~kfale` Djleat t~cco kh dadjle`s~ kxc} jc fat 3

|ca}t dksfo leoldac a dfkts}c kh jc ~c}hk}gaedc à~ plj

jc CS=0 le jc *xc}|, eca} hss}c%

_jlt |ca}t jcgald }c~k}t jaxc opcffco ke jc tsmbcdt kh2

fke c}g ~ac}et kh leekxalxc ~c}hk}gaedc& stc} leekxalke&

lec}ealkeafltalke aeo leekxalke aeo }c`lkeaf leekxalke

~c}hk}gaedc= *tcdlke 8,% _jc hkffkple jl jfl jt cgc}`c h}kg jctc

jcgald }c~k}t2

= _jctc jcgald }c~k}t stc a esgmc} kh kjc} tks}dct jae jktc stco k ~k~sfac jc =< leoldak}t ledfsoco le jc Tsgga}| Leekxalke Leocz%


9/76#,& gk}c jae jafh kh jctc hl}gt lexkfxc stc}t le ts~~k}

kh jcl} leekxalxc adlxllct% Stc} leekxalke lt gk}c k} fctt

cxcef| t~}cao ad}ktt leost}laf tcdk}t aeo ad}ktt dkse}lct%

Leekxak}t ceà`co le stc} leekxalke dae mc dfattco at

ts~c}leekxak}t% Dkg~a}co k kjc} leekxalke hl}gt

lexkfxle` stc}t a}c gk}c flicf| k le}kosdc ecp ~}kosdt&

~}kdcttct k} tc}xldct aeo k ~c}hk}g ](O aeo a~~f| hk}

~acet%

Lec}ealkeaflralke aeo leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc dfktcf|

fleico *Tcdlke 8%4,

]ctca}dj ts``ctt ja jc}c tccgt k mc a dastaf }cfalketjl~

mcpcce lec}ealkeaflralke aeo leekxalke fcaole` k a

dsgsfalxc ~}kdctt pjc}c leekxalke aeo lec}ealkeaflralke ga|

acd cadj kjc} le cljc} a xl}skst k} xldlkst dl}dfc% _jlt dafft hk}

gk}c aflègce mcpcce ~kfldlct algco a ts~~k}le` leekxalke

aeo jktc algco a ts~~k}le` fi}gt lec}ealkeaf adlxllct%

T}ke` olxc}tl| le }c`lkeaf leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc ad}ktt

Cs}k~c *Tcdlke 8%?,

_jc =>>< ]c lkeaf Leekxalke Tdk}cmka}o *=>>< ]LT, aok~t jc

Cs}k~cae Leekxalke Tdk}cmka}o a~~}kadj a }c lkeaf fcxcf aeo ~}kxloct

a }ldjc} aeaf|tlt dkg~a}co k ~}cxlkst }c~k}t osc k jc axalfamlfl|

kh gk}c dkg~}cjcetlxc }c lkeaf Dkggsel| Leekxalke Ts}xc| oaa%

_jc aeaf|tlt tjkpt ja aff gabk} CS=0 dkse}lct jaxc olxc}tc fcxcft kh

~c}hk}gaedc aeo }cfalxc t}ce`jt pljle jcl} }c lket& aeo ja T~ale&

Laf| aeo jc Drcdj ]c~smfld a}c jc gkt jcc}k`ceckst% _jc =>>

_jc Cs}k~cae Leekxalke Tdk}cmka}o *CLT, jat mcce ~smfltjco aeesaff|

tledc =>>1 k }adi aeo mcedjga}i jc }cfalxc leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc

kh CS=0 Gcgmc} Tact% H}kg jc CLT =>>: kepa}ot jc gcjkokfk`|

jat mcce }cxltco aeo jc esgmc} kh olgcetlket led}catco k 0 aeo

}ks~co lek 4 gale mfkdit dkxc}le ceamfc}t& fi}g adlxllct aeo

ks~st *Hl s}c 1,% _jctc olgcetlket m}le k`cjc} a tc kh }cfaco

leoldak}t k lxc a mafaedco attcttgce kh jc leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc

le ja olgcetlke% _jc mfkdit aeo olgcetlket jaxc mcce octl eco

k addkggkoac jc olxc}tl| kh olc}ce leekxalke ~}kdcttct aeo

gkocft ja kdds} le olc}ce ealkeaf dkeczt%

=% Le}kosdlke

HL@S]C 12 OLGCETLKET KH LEEKXA_LKE ^C]HK]GAEDC DA^_S]CO LE _JC CLT

CEAMFC]T da~s}ct jc gale o}lxc}t kh leekxalke ja a}c czc}eaf k jc fi}g at2

Jsgae }ctks}dct gcats}ct jc axalfamlfl| kh jl jtilffco aeo cosdaco ~ck~fc% Hleaedc aeo ts~~k} gcats}ct jc axalfamlfl| kh fieaedc hk} leekxalke ~}kbcdt aeo jc ts~~k} kh `kxc}egcet hk} leekxalke adlxllct%

HL]G AD_LXL_LCT da~s}ct leekxalke ck}t ja fi}gt seoc}aic }cdkèltle` jc hseoagceaf lg~k}aedc kh fi}gt adlxllct le jc

leekxalke ~}kdctt2

Hl}g lexctgcet dkxc}t a }ae`c kh olc}ce lexctgcet fi}gt gaic le k}oc} k `cec}ac leekxalket% Fleia`ct ( ce}c~}cecs}tjl~ da~s}ct ce}c~}cecs}laf ck}t aeo dkffamk}alke ck}t agke` leekxale` fi}gt aeo aftk plj jc ~smfld tcdk}% _j}ks`j~st da~s}ct jc Lecffcdsaf ^}k~c}| ]l`jt *L^], `cec}aco at a j}ks`j~s le jc leekxalke ~}kdctt aeo _cdjekfk`| Mafaedc kh

â|gcet kpt%

KS_^S_T da~s}ct jc ks~st kh fi}g adlxllct at2

Leekxak}t gcats}ct jc esgmc} kh fi}gt ja jaxc le}kosdco leekxalket kek jc ga}ic k} pljle jcl} k}àeltalket& dkxc}le` cdje fk`ldafaeo ekecdjekfk`ldaf leekxalket%

Cdkekgld ccdt da~s}ct jc cdkekgld tsddctt kh leekxalke le cg~fk|gce& cz~k}t aeo tafct osc k leekxalke adlxllct%

_jc amkxc octd}lmco olgcetlket hk}g jc dk}c kh ealkeaf leekxalke

~c}hk}gaedc% Le aoollke& jc}c a}c ploc} tkdlkcdkekgld hadk}t

ja lescedc leekxalke& tsdj at jc }kfc kh `kxc}egcet& ga}ict&

tkdlaf hadk}t aeo jc ocgaeo aeo addc~aedc kh leekxalke% _jctc

hadk}t aeo jcl} }cfalketjl~ plj leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc jaxc

mcce cz~fk}co le xa}lkst CLT jcgald ~a~c}t% _jc leoldak}t pjldj

a}c ledfsoco le cadj kh jc olgcetlket a}c fltco le _amfc 1 aeo hsff

ocfiellket a}c axalfamfc le Aeecz D4%

_jc CLT stct jc gkt }cdce taltldt h}kg Cs}kta aeo kjc}

lec}ealkeaff| }cdkèltco tks}dct at axalfamfc a jc lgc

kh aeaf|tlt% Lec}ealkeaf tks}dct jaxc mcce stco pjc}cxc}

~kttlmfc le k}oc} k lg~}kxc dkg~a}amlfl| mcpcce dkse}lct% L

lt lg~k}ae& at leoldaco le _amfc 1?& k ekc ja jc oaa }cfact

k adsaf ~c}hk}gaedc le =>>8& =>>0 aeo =>>:% At a dketcqscedc

jc =>>< CLT okct ek da~s}c jc gkt }cdce djae`ct le

leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc& k} jc lg~ad kh ~kfldlct le}kosdco le

}cdce |ca}t pjldj ga| aic tkgc lgc k lg~ad ke leekxalke

~c}hk}gaedc% Ek} okct l da~s}c jc lg~ad kh jc fieaedlaf

d}ltlt ke leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc%

4 _jc }alkeafc hk} ledfsole` jctc olgcetlket aeo leoldak}t lt oltdsttco le jc =>>: Gcjkokfk`| ]c~k}%? Kh jc =< leoldak}t& 1= leoldak}t da~s}c le ~c}hk}gaedc le =>>:& 8 leoldak}t da~s}c ~c}hk}gaedc le =>>0& 1> leoldak}t da~s}c ~c}hk}gaedc le =>>8 aeo 1

leoldak} da~s}ct ~c}hk}gaedc le =>>3%3 Czdc~lket k jc }chc}cedc |ca}t a}c tjkpe le Aeecz D% Hk} tkgc leoldak}t pcl`jco axc}a`ct jaxc mcce stco& gk}c ocalft a}c axalfamfc le Aeecz D%

_AMFC 12 LEOLDA_K]T HK] _ JC CLT =>>:=>1>

CLT olgcetlke + leoldak} Oaa tks}dc *}chc}'cedc |ca},3

CEAMFC]T

Jsgae }ctks}dct

1%1%1 T(C aeo TTJ }aosact ~c} 1>>> ~k~sfalke a`co =>=< *fi}t ta`c kh c}la}| cosdalke, Cs}kta *=>>0,

1%1%= T(C aeo TTJ okdk}ac }aosact ~c} 1>>> ~k~sfalke a co =34? *tcdkeo ta c kh c}la}| cosdalke, Cs}kta *=>>0,

1%1%4 ^k~sfalke plj c}la}| cosdalke ~c} 1>> ~k~sfalke a`co =38? Cs}kta *=>>:,

1%1%? â}ldl~alke le flhcfke` fca}ele` ~c} 1>> ~k~sfalke a`co =38? Cs}kta *=>>:,

1%1%3 \ksj cosdalke aalegce fcxcf Cs}kta *=>>:,


11/7611

Hleaedc aeo ts~~k}

1%=%1 ^smfld ](O cz~ceols}ct *# kh @O^, Cs}kta *=>>:,

1%=%= Xces}c da~laf *# kh @O^, CXDA + Cs}kta *=>>:,

1%=%4 ^}lxac d}col *}cfalxc k @O^, LGH *=>>:,

1%=%? M}kaomaeo addctt m| fi}gt *# kh fi}gt, Cs}kta *=>>:,

HL]G AD_LXL_LCT

Hl}g lexctgcet

=%1%1 Mstlectt ](O cz~ceols}ct *# kh @O^, Cs}kta *=>>:,

=%1%= L_ cz~ceols}ct *# kh @O^, CL_K + Cs}kta *=>>8,

=%1%4 Eke](O leekxalke cz~ceols}ct *# kh s}ekxc}, Cs}kta *=>>8,

Fleia`ct ( ce}c~}cecs}tjl~

=%=%1 TGCt leekxale` lejkstc *# kh TGCt, Cs}kta *=>>8,

=%=%= Leekxalxc TGCt dkffamk}ale` plj kjc}t *# kh TGCt, Cs}kta *=>>8,

=%=%4 Hl}g }cecpaf *TGC ce}lct ~fst czlt, *# kh TGCt, Cs}kta *=>>3,

=%=%? ^smfld~}lxac dk~smfldalket ~c} glfflke ~k~sfalke_jkgtke ]csc}t +

DP_T *=>>0,

_j}ks`j~st

=%4%1 C^K ~acet ~c} glfflke ~k~sfalke Cs}kta *=>>8,

=%4%= Dkggsel| }aocga}it ~c} glfflke ~k~sfalke KJLG + Cs}kta *=>>:,

=%4%4 Dkggsel| octlèt ~c} glfflke ~k~sfalke KJLG + Cs}kta *=>>:,

=%4%? _cdjekfk`| Mafaedc kh a|gcet kpt *# kh @O^, Pk}fo Maei *=>>:,

KS_^S_T

Leekxak}t

4%1%1 TGCt le}kosdle` ~}kosd k} ~}kdctt leekxalket *# kh TGCt, Cs}kta *=>>8,

4%1%= TGCt le}kosdle` ga}icle` k} k}àeltalkeaf leekxalket *# kh TGCt, Cs}kta *=>>8,

4%1%4 ]ctks}dc cffl dlced| leekxak}t& dafdsfaco at jc axc}a`c kh2

Tja}c kh leekxak}t pjc}c leekxalke jat tlèlfidaef| }cosdco famks} dktt *# kh fi}gt, Cs}kta *=>>8,

Tja}c kh leekxak}t pjc}c leekxalke jat tlèlfidaef| }cosdco jc stc kh gac}laft aeo cec}`| *# kh fi}gt, Cs}kta *=>>8,

Cdkekgld ccdt

4%=%1 Cg~fk|gce le gcolsgjl`j ( jl`jcdj gaeshads}le` *# kh pk}ihk}dc, Cs}kta *=>>:,

4%=%= Cg~fk|gce le iekpfco`clecetlxc tc}xldct *# kh pk}ihk}dc, Cs}kta *=>>:,

4%=%4 Gcolsg aeo jl`jcdj gaeshads}le` cz~k}t *# kh kaf cz~k}t, SE *=>>:,

4%=%? Iekpfco`clecetlxc tc}xldct cz~k}t *# kh kaf tc}xldct cz~k}t, SE + Cs}kta *=>>0,

4%=%3 Ecpkga}ic tafct *# kh s}ekxc}, Cs}kta *=>>8,

4%=%8 Ecpkfi}g tafct *# kh s}ekxc}, Cs}kta *=>>8,


12/761=

4% Cs}k~cae Leekxalke Tdk}cmka}o2 =>>< Hleole`t

4%1 Leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc_jc Tsgga}| Leekxalke Leocz *TLL, `lxct ae a a faedc kxc}xlcp

kh a``}càc ealkeaf leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc aeo lt dafdsfaco

at a dkg~ktlc kh jc =< CLT leoldak}t *tcc Tcdlke :%1 hk} jc

gcjkokfk`| hk} dafdsfale` dkg~ktlc leoldak}t8,% Hl`s}c =

tjkpt jc }ctsft hk} jc =>>< TLL hk} 44 Cs}k~cae dkse}lct 0%

Dkg~a}co k jc CLT =>>0& ekeCs}k~cae dkse}lct a}c ek fke`c}

ol}cdf| ledfsoco le jc CLT:%

8 _jc TLL jat aftk mcce dafdsfaco }c}kt~cdlxcf| stle` jc CLT =>>: gcjkokfk | hk} jc fat fixc |ca}t k ceamfc dkg~a}amlfl| kh }ctsft9 jc TLL lgc tc}lct lt

~}kxloco le Aeecz O%0

Aff kh jc Cs}k~cae dkse}lct tjkpe jaxc `kko oaa axalfamlfl|& l%c% hk} a fcat 0># kh jc leoldak}t *l%c% hk} == kh jc =< leoldak}t,%: EkeCs}k~cae dkse}lct le jc CLT =>>0 ledfsoco Ast}afla& Daeaoa& Lt}acf& Ba~ae aeo jc Selco Tact%< _jc dkse}| `}ks~t jaxc mcce locelfico stle` jc axc}a`c }ctsft kh jlc}a}djldaf dfstc}le` stle` 0 olc}ce dfstc}le` gcjkot2 Pa}ot gcjko& mcpcce

`}ks~t fleia`c& pljle`}ks~t fleia`c& eca}ct ecl`jmks}& hs}jct ecl`jmks}& dce}klo dfstc}le` aeo gcolae dfstc}le`%1> _jc eagct kh jc dkse}| }ks~t a}c loceldaf k jktc stco le jc CLT =>>: }c~k}%

HL@S]C =2 LEEKXA_LKE ^C]HK]GAEDC =>>< TSGGA]\ LEEKXA_LKE LEOCZ

Oaa hk} jc seoc}f|le` leoldak}t a}c hk} =>>3 *4%?#,& =>>8 *4?%3#,& =>>0 *14%:#, aeo =>>: *?:%4#,%

>%>>>

>%1>>

>%=>>

>%4>>

>%?>>

>%3>>

>%8>>

>%0>>

]T _]M@ FX J] ]K F_ ^F JS TI G_ L_ @] CT EK _ DR TL CS D\ LT CC EF H] LC MC FS A_ OI SI OC HL TC DJ

Matco ke a taltldaf dfstc} aeaf|tlt< kh jc TLL tdk}ct kxc}

a hlxc|ca} ~c}lko& jc dkse}lct dae mc olxloco lek jc

hkffkple` }ks~t1>2

Ocega}i& Hlefaeo& @c}gae|& Tpcoce& Tplrc}faeo aeojc SI a}c jc Leekxalke fcaoc}t& plj leekxalke

~c}hk}gaedc pcff amkxc ja kh jc CS=0 aeo aff kjc}

dkse}lct%

Ast}la& Mcf`lsg& D|~}st& Ctkela& H}aedc& Ldcfaeo& L}cfaeo&Fszcgmks}`& jc Ecjc}faeot aeo Tfkxcela a}c jc Leekxalke

hkffkpc}t& plj leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc mcfkp jktc kh jc

leekxalke fcaoc}t ms dfktc k k} amkxc ja kh jc CS=0%

Drcdj ]c~smfld& @}ccdc& Jseà}|& Laf|& Fljsaela& Gafa&Ek}pa|& ^kfaeo& ^k}sàf& Tfkxaila aeo T~ale a}c jc

Gkoc}ac leekxak}t plj leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc

mcfkp jc CS=0%

Msfà}la& D}kala& Faxla& ]kgaela& Tc}mla aeo _s}ic| a}cjc Dadjle`'s~ dkse}lct% Afjks`j jcl} leekxalke

~c}hk}gaedc lt pcff mcfkp jc CS=0 axc}a`c& jlt

~c}hk}gaedc lt led}catle` kpa}ot jc CS=0 axc}a`c kxc}

lgc *Hl`s}c 4,%


13/7614

HL@S]C 42 DKEXC]@CEDC LE LEEKXA_LKE ^C]HK]GAEDC

Dkfks} dkole` gadjct jc `}ks~t kh dkse}lct locelfico le Tcdlke 4%12 `}cce a}c jc Leekxalke fcaoc}t& |cffkp a}c jc

Leekxalke hkffkpc}t& k}ae`c a}c jc Gkoc}ac leekxak}t& mfsc a}c jc Dadjle`s~ dkse}lct% Axc}a`c aeesaf `}kpj }act at

dafdsfaco kxc} a fixc|ca} ~c}lko% _jc okco flect tjkp CS=0 ~c}hk}gaedc aeo `}kpj%

TL

_]

EK

SI

TCHL

]K

^_

^F

A_

EF

JS

FS

F_

D\

L_

H]

CT@]

TI

LC CC

OC

OI

DR

M@

MC

G _

DJ

LT

FX

J]

>%13>

>%=>>

>%=3>

>%4>>

>%43>

>%?>>

>%?3>

>%3>>

>%33>

>%8>>

>%83>

>%0>>

>%03>

>%># 1%># =%># 4%># ?%># 3%># 8%># 0%># :%># #

Axc}a`c aeesaf `}kpj le leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc

Leekxatlke~c}hk}gaedc

*TLL=>>%>>

>%1>

>%=>

>%4>

>%?>

>%3>

>%8>

>%0>Jsgae }ctks}dct

Hleaedc aeo ts~~k}

Hl}g lexctgcet

Fleia`ct ( ce}c~}cecs}tjl~_j}ks`j~st

Leekxak}t

Cdkekgld chhcdt

Dadjle`'s~ dkse}lct

Gkoc}ac leekxak}t

Leekxalke hkffkpc}t

Leekxalke fcaoc}t


15/7613

4%4 Leekxalke olgcetlket_jc ~c}hk}gaedc kh jc hks} dkse} | `}ks~t ad}ktt jc

olhhc}ce leekxalke olgcetlket lt tjkpe le Hl`s}c ? *dkse}|

fcxcf ~}khlfct a}c ~}kxloco le Tcdlke 0,% _jc Leekxalke fcaoc}t

aeo jc Leekxalke hkffkpc}t jaxc jc tgaffct xa}laedc le jcl}

~c}hk}gaedc ad}ktt jc olhhc}ce olgcetlket1=% _jlt ts``ctt

ja jl`j fcxcft kh ~c}hk}gaedc }cqsl}c dkse}lct k ~c}hk}g

}cfalxcf| pcff kxc} aff jc olgcetlket kh leekxalke% Hk} jc

Leekxalke hkffkpc}t ~c}hk}gaedc le Hl}g lexctgcet lt a

}cfalxc pcaiectt%

Hk} jc Gkoc}ac leekxak}t aeo Dadjle`s~ dkse}lct jc~ac}e kh ~c}hk}gaedc lt fctt mafaedco ad}ktt jc olgcetlket%

Gkoc}ac leekxak}t& ke axc}a`c& tjkp a }cfalxcf| t}ke`

~c}hk}gaedc le Hleaedc aeo ts~~k} aeo a }cfalxcf| pcai

~c}hk}gaedc le _j}ks`j~st% _jc Dadjle`s~ dkse}lct tjkp a

}cfalxcf| t}ke` ~c}hk}gaedc le Cdkekgld ccdt aeo a }cfalxcf|

pcai ~c}hk}gaedc le _j}ks`j~st%

@}kpj ~c}hk}gaedc kh jc hks} dkse}| `}ks~t tjkpt tkgc

tlglfa}llct at pcff at olhhc}cedct *Hl`s}c 3,% Le aff `}ks~t& jc

t}ke`ct o}lxc}t kh `}kpj a}c _j}ks`j~st& Hleaedc aeo

ts~~k} aeo Jsgae }ctks}dct% _jc Gkoc}ac leekxak}t

aeo Dadjle`s~ dkse}lct tjkp lg~}kxcgcet le Cdkekgld

chhcdt& Fleia`ct ( ce}c~}cecs}tjl~ aeo Hl}g lexctgcet&

pjlfc jc Leekxalke fcaoc}t aeo Leekxalke hkffkpc}t a}c

ke axc}a`c ta`eale` k} ocdflele` ad}ktt jctc olgcetlket

czdc~ hk} Hl}g lexctgcet% _j}cc `}ks~t tjkp tkgc ocdflec

le jc Leekxak}t olgcetlke& kef| jc Dadjle`s~ dkse}lct

tjkp tkgc lg~}kxcgce% Hl`s}c 3 dkehl}gt ja jc kxc}aff

dkexc}`cedc ~}kdctt at tjkpe le Hl`s}c 4 aftk `cec}aff| aict

~fadc pljle cadj leekxalke olgcetlke%

Dkse}| }aeile`t hk} cadj leekxalke olgcetlke a}c tjkpe le

Hl`s}ct 8 aeo 0% Pljle jc olc}ce leekxalke olgcetlket&

jc Leekxalke fcaoc}t ke axc}a`c aic jc fcaole` t~kt& le

~a}ldsfa} le jc Ceamfc}t aeo Hl}g adlxllct olgcetlket& hkffkpco

m| jc Leekxalke hkffkpc}t *Hl`s}c 8,% @}kpj ~c}hk}gaedc

lt okgleaco m| jc Gkoc}ac leekxak}t aeo Dadjle`s~

dkse}lct le aff olgcetlket *Hl`s}c 0,14% Hl`s}ct 8 aeo 0 dkgmleco

fcao k a esgmc} kh lec}ctle` kmtc}xalket pjldj plff mc

oltdsttco ecz%

HL@S]C 32 DKSE_]\ @]KS^T2 @]KP_J ^C]HK]GAEDC ^C] OLGCETLKE

'=# =# 8# 1># 1?# 1:#

Jsgae }ctks}dct

Hleaedc aeo

ts~~k}

Hl}g lexctgcet

Fleia`ct (

ce}c~}cecs}tjl~

_j}ks`j~st

Leekxak}t

Cdkekgld chhcdt

Dadjle`'s~ dkse}lct

Gkoc}ac leekxak}t

Leekxalke hkffkpc}t

Leekxalke fcaoc}t

Axc}a`c aeesaf `}kpj }act at dafdsfaco kxc} a fixc|ca} ~c}lko%

1= _jc xa}laedc ad}ktt aff 0 olgcetlket lt >%==# hk} jc Leekxalke fcaoc}t& >%40# hk} jc Leekxalke hkffkpc}t& >%88# hk} jc Gkoc}ac leekxak}t aeo >%:=# hk}jc Dadjle`s~ dkse}lct%

14 _jc axc}a`c esgmc} kh k~1> `}kpj ~c}hk}gaedct ~c} Dadjle`s~ dkse}| lt ?%=& ~c} Gkoc}ac leekxak} =%0& ~c} Leekxalke hkffkpc} 1%3 aeo ~c}

Leekxalke fcaoc} >%0%


16/7618

Leekxalke fcaoc}t *Ocega}i& Hlefaeo& @c}gae|& Tpcoce&

Tplrc}faeo& Selco Ileòkg,

Aff Leekxalke fcaoc}t czdc~ @c}gae| ~c}hk}g pcff le Jsgae

}ctks}dct% Jkpcxc}& jctc dkse}lct a}c agke` jc tfkp k axc}a`c

`}kpc}t le jlt olgcetlke% _jlt ga| mc osc k jcl} jl`j ~c}hk}gaedc

fcxcf pjldj gcaet ja jc}c lt fctt }kkg hk} }a~lo lg~}kxcgcet%

Pljle Hleaedc aeo ts~~k} @c}gae| lt tjkple` jc pcaict

~c}hk}gaedc aeo aftk lt `}kpj ~c}hk}gaedc lt }cfalxcf| pcai%

Tplrc}faeo aeo jc SI a}c jc kef| Leekxalke fcaoc}t tjkple`

a t}ke` `}kpj le jlt olgcetlke& le ~a}ldsfa} osc k xc}| }a~lo

`}kpj le Xces}c da~laf hk} Tplrc}faeo aeo M}kaomaeo addctt m|jc SI% Aff Leekxalke fcaoc}t dkgmlec a jl`j ~c}hk}gaedc fcxcf

le Hl}g lexctgcet plj cljc} gkoc}ac }act kh lg~}kxcgce

*Hlefaeo& @c}gae|& SI, k} gkoc}ac ocdflect *Ocega}i& Tpcoce,%

Le Fleia`ct ( ce}c~}cecs}tjl~ aff Leekxalke fcaoc}t tjkp a

t}ke` ~c}hk}gaedc& ms kef| Hlefaeo& @c}gae| aeo Tplrc}faeo

jaxc gaea`co k lg~}kxc jcl} ~c}hk}gaedc% Tplrc}faeo lt jc

mct ~c}hk}gc} le _j}ks`j~st aeo l aftk jat jc jl`jct `}kpj

}ac& dfktcf| hkffkpco m| Hlefaeo& @c}gae| aeo Tpcoce% Pljle jc

Leekxak}t olgcetlke& ~c}hk}gaedc lt gkt secqsaf& plj @c}gae|

aeo Tplrc}faeo ~c}hk}gle` xc}| t}ke`f| aeo Ocega}i& Hlefaeo

aeo Tpcoce ~c}hk}gle` gkoc}acf|% Kef| Hlefaeo jat gaea`co

k lg~}kxc lt ~c}hk}gaedc le jlt olgcetlke tjkple` jc hatct`}kpj kh aff dkse}lct% @c}gae| lt fcaole` le Cdkekgld ccdt aeo

at Hlefaeo aeo Tplrc}faeo l gaea`co k lg~}kxc lt ~c}hk}gaedc

le jlt olgcetlke }cfalxc k ja kh jc CS=0%

Leekxalke hkffkpc}t *Ast}la& Mcf`lsg& D|~}st& Ctkela&

H}aedc& Ldcfaeo& L}cfaeo& Fszcgmks}`& Ecjc}faeot& Tfkxcela,

Le Jsgae }ctks}dct L}cfaeo lt ekamfc le dkgmlele` a jl`j

~c}hk}gaedc fcxcf aeo a t}ke` `}kpj ~c}hk}gaedc% Ast}la&

Mcf`lsg& H}aedc aeo Fszcgmks}` a}c agke` jc tfkpct }kpc}t

le Jsgae }ctks}dct ad}ktt jc CS=0 aeo Ctkela aeo L}cfaeo

a}c agke` jc hatct `}kpc}t% Ldcfaeo aeo jc Ecjc}faeot a}c

~c}hk}gle` }cfalxcf| pcff le Hleaedc aeo ts~~k}9 Ast}la& Mcf`lsg&

L}cfaeo aeo Tfkxcela a}c ~c}hk}gle` mcfkp jc CS=0 axc}a`c%

Fszcgmks}` lt tjkple` jc hatct }ac kh lg~}kxcgce kh jc

Leekxalke hkffkpc}t pjc}cat Ast}la aeo H}aedc a}c tjkple`

afgkt ek lg~}kxcgce% Ast}la aeo Ctkela a}c ~c}hk}gle`

t}ke`f| le Hl}g lexctgcet pjc}c mkj aftk tjkp a jl`j }ac

kh lg~}kxcgce }cfalxc k jc kjc} Leekxalke hkffkpc}t% Aff

Leekxak}t hkffkpc}t& czdc~ Fszcgmks}`& tjkp amkxc axc}a`c

~c}hk}gaedc le Fleia`ct ( ce}c~}cecs}tjl~% @}kpj ~c}hk}gaedc

kh Fszcgmks}` aeo L}cfaeo lt agke` jc pk}t kh aff dkse}lct ms

D|~}st lt tjkple` jc kxc}aff jl`jct }ac kh lg~}kxcgce% Gkt

Leekxalke hkffkpc}t ok }cfalxcf| pcff le _j}ks`j~st& le ~a}ldsfa}

Fszcgmks}`& pjldj lt aftk tjkple` ae amkxc CS=0 axc}a`c

`}kpj ~c}hk}gaedc% Aftk D|~}st& Ctkela& Ldcfaeo& aeo Tfkxcela

tjkp a }cfalxc lg~}kxcgce le jcl} ~c} hk}gaedc dkg~a}co plj

jc CS=0 axc}a`c% Aff Leekxalke hkffkpc}t ~c}hk}g amkxc jc

CS=0 axc}a`c le jc Leekxak}t olgcetlke czdc~ Ldcfaeo aeo jc

Ecjc}faeot& ms jc Ecjc}faeot lt jc kef| Leekxalke hkffkpc}

pjldj jat gaea`co k lg~}kxc lt ~c}hk}gaedc% Le Cdkekgld

ccdt L}cfaeo lt tjkple` jc t}ke`ct ~c}hk}gaedc hkffkpco m|

Ast}la aeo H}aedc& aeo Ast}la& Ctkela aeo le ~a}ldsfa} D|~}st

a}c tjkple` jc jl`jct }act kh lg~}kxcgce%

Gkoc}ac leekxak}t *Drcdj ]c~smfld& @}ccdc& Jseà}|& Laf|&Fljsaela& Gafa& Ek}pa|& ^kfaeo& ^k}sàf& Tfkxaila& T~ale,

Le Jsgae }ctks}dct Fljsaela& Ek}pa| aeo ^kfaeo tjkp amkxc

CS=0 axc}a`c ~c}hk}gaedc& aeo& czdc~ hk} Jseà}| aeo T~ale& aff

Gkoc}ac leekxak}t tjkp ae amkxc CS=0 }ac kh lg~}kxcgce plj

Gafa aeo ^k}sàf tjkple jc kxc}aff jl jct }act kh lg~}kxcgce%

Le Hleaedc aeo ts~~k} kef| ^k}sàf aeo T~ale tjkp amkxc CS=0

axc}a`c ~c}hk}gaedc9 Drcdj ]c~smfld aeo @}ccdc a}c agke jc

hatct `}kple dkse}lct% Le Hl}g lexctgcet Drcdj ]c~smfld

~c}hk}gt amkxc jc CS=0 axc}a`c aeo tlz Gkoc}ac leekxak}t jaxc

gaea`co k lg~}kxc jcl} ~c}hk}gaedc }cfalxc k ja kh jc CS=0& le

~a}ldsfa} ^k}sàf aeo T~ale% Fleia`ct ( ce}c~}cecs}tjl~ tjkpt pkGkoc}ac leekxak}t ~c}hk}gle amkxc axc}a`c% Czdc~ hk} T~ale aff

Gkoc}ac leekxak}t tjkp ae amkxc CS=0 }ac kh lg~}kxcgce plj

@}ccdc aeo Gafa mcle agke jc hatct `}kpc}t kh aff dkse}lct% Le

_j}ks j~st aff Gkoc}ac leekxak}t ~c}hk}g mcfkp axc}a c% Elec kh

jctc dkse}lct jaxc gaea`co k lg~}kxc jcl} ~c}hk}gaedc hatc}

jae jc CS=0 le jlt olgcetlke& pjlfc jc }kpj ~c}hk}gaedc kh Laf|

aeo T~ale lt agke jc pcaict kh aff dkse}lct% Le Leekxak}t Drcdj

]c~smfld& @}ccdc aeo k}sàf tjkp amkxc CS=0 axc}a`c ~c}hk}gaedc9

kef| @}ccdc aeo Tfkxaila jaxc gaea`co k lg~}kxc jcl} ~c}hk}gaedc

le jlt olgcetlke% Drcdj ]c~smfld& Gafa aeo Tfkxaila ~c}hk}g amkxc

axc}a`c le Cdkekgld ccdt pjlfc aff kjc} Gkoc}ac leekxak}t

~c}hk}g mcfkp axc}a`c% @}kpj ~c}hk}gaedc kh @}ccdc aeo Jseà}| lt

agke jc jl jct kh aff dkse}lct& aeo aftk Drcdj ]c~smfld& Fljsaela&

^k}sàf& Tfkxaila aeo T~ale jaxc }kpe hatc} jae jc CS=0%

Dadjle`'s~ dkse}lct *Msfà}la& D}kala& Faxla& ]kgaela&

Tc}mla& _s}ic|,

_jc Dadjle`s~ dkse} lct `cec}aff| ~c}hk}g mcfkp CS=0

axc}a`c ke Jsgae }ctks}dct& plj jc czdc~lke kh Faxla%

@}kpj ~c}hk}gaedc lt amkxc axc}a`c& plj aff dkse}lct

`}kple` a a }ac amkxc axc}a`c1?% ^c}hk}gaedc le Hleaedc aeo

Ts~~k} lt mcfkp axc}a`c hk} aff Dadjle`s~ dkse}lct& ms

Msfà}la& Faxla& _s}ic| aeo le ~a}ldsfa} ]kgaela jaxc `}kpe


17/7610

hatc} jae axc}a`c% Kh jc Dadjle`s~ dkse}lct ]kgaela

lt jc mct ~c}hk}gc} le Hl}g lexctgcet& pjlfc Msfà}la aeo

_s}ic| a}c agke` jc hatct `}kple` dkse} lct% Le Fleia`ct (

ce}c~}cecs}tjl~ ek Dadjle`s~ dkse}| lt ~c}hk}gle` amkxc

jc CS=0 axc}a`c ms jc gabk}l| kh dkse}lct jaxc `}kpe

hatc} jae jc CS=0 axc}a`c plj kef| Faxla cz~c}lcedle` a

t}ke` ocdflec le ~c}hk}gaedc% Le _j}ks`j~st aff Dadjle`

s~ dkse}lct ~c}hk}g mcfkp axc}a`c ms a}c aftk tjkple` jc

t}ke`ct }act kh lg~}kxcgce% Msfà}la aeo ]kgaela a}c jc

hatct `}kple` kh aff dkse}lct le _j}ks`j~st aeo aftk Faxla

1? Le jc oltdsttlke ke Dadjle`s~ dkse}lct aff dkse}lct czdfsoct Tc}mla at hk} jlt dkse}| letsffl dlce lgc tc}lct oaa a}c axalfamfc k dafdsfac lg~}kxcgce kxc} lgc%

aeo _s}ic| tjkp jl`j }act kh lg~}kxcgce% ^c}hk}gaedc le

Leekxak}t tjkpt ja D}kala aeo _s}ic| a}c ~c}hk}gle` amkxc

jc CS=0 axc}a`c& ms aftk ja j}cc Dadjle`s~ dkse}lct

jaxc jc fkpct fcxcft kh ~c}hk}gaedc% Kef| pk Dadjle`

s~ dkse}lct jaxc gaea`co k lg~}kxc jcl} ~c}hk}gaedc& le

~a}ldsfa} Msfà}la& pjldj lt jaxle` kec kh jc hatct }act kh

lg~}kxcgce% Ekec kh jc Dadjle`s~ dkse}lct lt ~c}hk}gle`

amkxc CS=0 axc}a`c le Cdkekgld chhcdt% @}kpj ~c}hk}gaedc

lt gk}c olxc}tc& plj kef| Msfà}la lg~}kxle` a a tfkpc} }ac

jae jc CS=0 axc}a`c%

HL@S]C 82 LEEKXA_LKE ^C]HK]GAEDC ^C] OLGCETLKE

Jsgae }ctks}dct

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_] G_ ]T L_ J] ]K JS@] CT M@ TI ^_ DR D\ OC LT A_ FS CS FX ^F CC MC EK EF TL F_ H] LC OI SI TC HL DJ

Hleaedc aeo ts~~k}

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]K ]T TI ^F J] JS @] M@ DR F_ _] FX L_ G _ A_ MC OC TL LC EK CS ^_ H] FS CC D\ CT HL DJ EF OI TC SI LT

Hl}g lexctgcet

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_] J] @] CT ]T F_ M@ FX EK LC G _]K L_ ^_ JS F EF TI TL FS H] MC CS D\ DR LT OI OC CC A_ SI DJ TC HL


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M@ G_ ]T F FX _] TI L_ CT ]K J] JS FS F_ DR ^_ CS TL EK H] @] LC EF CC OI OC DJ A_ TC HL D\ SI MC LT


18/761:

HL@S]C 82 LEEKXA_LKE ^C]HK]GAEDC ^C] OLGCETLKE

_j}ks`j~st

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_] ]K ]T J] F_ M@ @] TI FX ^F CC DR JS _ D\ EK TL CT SI L_ H] G_ LC MC LT CS HL EF A_ OC TC FS OI DJ

Leekxak}t

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FX ]T JSG _ TI M@ LT F_ ^F EK SI CT ]K EF L_ OI HL CS DR J] TC _] LC CC MC H] FS TL A _ ^_ @] D\ OC DJ

Cdkekgld chhcdt

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FX M@ F_ EK LT _] ^_ J] ^F D\ ]T EF CC ]K L_ OI TL TC FS @] JS MC SI A_ H] CT HL CS TI LC DJ G _ DR OC


Leekxalke hkffkpc}t& k}ae`c a}c jc Gkoc}ac leekxak}t& mfsc a}c jc Dadjle`s~ dkse}lct%

HL@S]C 02 @]KP_J ^C]HK]GAEDC ^C] OLGCETLKE

Jsgae }ctks}dct

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CT TI FS JS SI TC MC A_ HL H] CS @] ^F TL OI EK DJ OC EF M@ L_ LT D\ F_ J] FX LC CC DR _] ]K ^_ G_

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JS A_ H] J] OI G_ HL TC EK CT LT EF OC ^_ L_ CS ^F _] TI F_ MC SI DJ LC CC TL D\ M@ FX FS DR @] ]K


19/761

8

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1:

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LC SI EF CT L_ MC A_ OI J] CS EK H] TC HL OC DJ JS LT D\ _] TL F_ FS ^_ CC @] ^F DR TI FX G_ M@ ]K

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F_ OI D\ SI LC TC DR FS CT ^F CS L_ JS MC EK A_ OC CC H] J] LT FX G_ DJ TL _] ^_ EF @] ]K TI M@ HL

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SI FS OI TC L_ EK ^F LT G_ H] MC LC EF HL M@ CS TL OC DR J] DJ A_ CC FX TI ]K F_ CT ^_ _] JS D\ @]


Leekxalke hkffkpc}t& k}ae`c a}c jc Gkoc}ac leekxak}t& mfsc a}c jc Dadjle`s~ dkse}lct%


20/76=>

4%? CS=0 ~c}hk}gaedc_jc aeaf|tlt kh jc CS=0 `}kpj }ac le leekxa lke ~c} hk}gaedc

tjkpt ae axc}a`c aeesaf `}kpj }ac kh 1%:# kxc} a hlxc

|ca} ~c}lko% _jlt lg~}kxcgce lt ~a}ldsfa}f| osc k Jsgae

}ctks}dct *=%4#,& Hleaedc aeo ts~~k} *8%3#, aeo _j}ks`j~st

*4%:#, pjc}c jc CS=0 jat ~}k`}cttco gkt dkg~a}co k

=>>3 *Hl`s}c :,% Le Cdkekgld chhcdt *>%%?#,& Fleia`ct (

ce}c~}cecs}tjl~ *>%8#, aeo Leekxak}t * 1%4#, lg~}kxcgce

jat pk}tceco%

Pljle jc leolxlosaf leoldak}t& jc CS=0 lt tjkple` }cfalxct}ce`jt13 le \ksj cosdalke& ^smfld ](O cz~ceols}ct&

M}kaomaeo addctt& L_ cz~ceols}ct& Iekpfco`clecetlxc

tc}xldct cg~fk|gce& Gcolsgjl`j aeo jl`jcdj

gaeshads}le` cz~k}t& Iekpfco`clecetlxc tc}xldct cz~k}t

aeo Tafct kh ecpkga}ic ~}kosdt *Hl`s}c %>>>

>%=>>

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ts~~k}

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ce}c~}cecs}tjl~_j}ks`j~st

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-=>>


21/76=1

HL@S]C %>> >%=> >%?> >%8> >%:>

T(C+TTJ }aosact

T(C+TTJ okdk }ac

oc`}%

_c}la}| cosdalke

Flhc'fke` fca}ele`

\ksj cosdalke

^smfld ](O

Xces}c da~laf

^}lxac d}col

M}k aomaeo addctt

Mstlectt ](O

L_ cz~ceols}ct

Eke'](O leekxalke

TGCt leekx% le'jkstc

TGCt dk ffamk}ale`

Hl}g }cecpaf

^smfld'~}lxac dk'~smf%

C^K ~acet

Dkggsel| }aocga}it

Dkggsel| octl`et

_M^ hfkpt

^}k osd+~}kdctt lee%

K}`aeltalkeaf+ga}icle`

lee%

]ctk s}dc chhldlce| lee%

G co+jl'cdj gaesh cg~f%

ILT cg~fk|gce

G co+jl'cdj gaesh cz~%

ILT cz~k}t

Ecp'k'ga}ic ~}kosdt

Ecp'k'hl}g ~}kosdt

Axc}a`c aeesaf `}kpj

'8%># '4%># >%># 4%># 8%># # 1=%># 13%>#

_jc tjaoco a}ca `lxct jc axc}a`c `}kpj }ac

hk} aff leoldak}t% Axc}a`c aeesaf `}kpj }act a}c

dafdsfaco kxc} a fixc|ca} ~c}lko%

_jc leoldak}t }ccdle` Ceamfc}t a}c jl`jfl`jco le |cffkp& jktc }ccdle` Hl}g adlxllct le }cce aeo jktc }ccdle` Ks~st le mfsc%


22/76==

_jc fieaedlaf d}ltlt pjldj ta}co le =>>0 jat }l``c}co a `fkmaf

cdkekgld okpes}e% _jlt jat }ctsfco le a fi}t haffle` cdkekgld

`}kpj }act hkffkpco m| a }caf cdkekgld ocdflec le gae|

dkse}lct% Leoldak}t kh leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc& ledfsole` jktc

stco le CLT& jaxc a lgc fa` kh kec k} gk}c |ca}t aeo jc}chk}c ok

ek |c }cxcaf jc hsff lg~ad kh jc d}ltlt ja }cadjco lt jcl`j le

jc tcdkeo jafh kh =>>:%

A jcgald ~a~c} jat mcce ~}kosdco18 matco ke ae aeaf|tlt

kh jc Leekma}kgcc} =>>< ts}xc| *CD& =>>>< leekxalke cz~ceols}ct k mc fkpc} jae le =>>:% _jlt

tjkpco a ga}ico }aetllke h}kg jc ~c}lko =>>8>: pjc}c

kef|


23/76=4


24/76=?

3%1 ST aeo Ba~ae_jc ST aeo Ba~ae a}c ek ledfsoco le jc gale CLT aeaf|tlt at hk} mkj

dkse}lct oaa a}c glttle` hk} kk gae| leoldak}t% Hk} jc leekxalke

à~ dkg~a}ltke& pc stc a olc}ce tc kh 1< leoldak}t kh pjldj 1?

leoldak}t a}c loceldaf k jktc kh jc CLT *_amfc 4,% _jc CLT leoldak}t

ke T(C aeo TTJ `}aosact jaxc mcce }c~fadco plj jc CLT =>>0

leoldak} ke T(C `}aosact% M}kaomaeo addctt m| fi}gt lt }c~fadco

m| jc tja}c kh m}kaomaeo tsmtd}lmc}t aeo jc tja}c kh }ctca}djc}t10

jat mcce aooco at ae aoollkeaf leoldak} hk} Ceamfc}t% Hk} Hl}g

adlxllct& ae aoollkeaf leoldak} lt ^D_ ~acet1: *k dkg~cetac

hk} a ~kttlmfc jkgc aoxaea`c le kef| stle` Cs}k~cae âce

Kffl dc }c`lt}alket, aeo }aocga}it lt a pcl`jco axc}a`c kh jc CLT

leoldak} ke Dkggsel| }aocga}it aeo ae leoldak} h}kg jc Pk}fo

Ocxcfk~gce Leoldak}t gcats}le` ealkeaf }aocga}i a~~fldalket

m| }ctlocet *aftk k dkg~cetac hk} a ~kttlmfc jkgc aoxaea`c,%

Hk} Ba~ae& oaa hk} xces}c da~laf a}c ek axalfamfc aeo oaa hk} jc

cg~fk|gce tja}ct le gcolsgjl`j aeo jl`jcdj gaeshads}le`

aeo iekpfco`clecetlxc tc}xldct a}c hk} =>>4%

3% Dkg~a}ltke kh CS=0 leekxalke à~ pljgale dkg~clk}t

_AMFC 42 CS=0STBAÂE LEOLDA_K]T

Oaa tks}dc ]chc}cedc |ca}

CEAMFC]T

" T(C }aosact ~c} 1>>> ~k~sfalke a`co =>=< Cs}kta =>>0

^k~sfalke plj c}la}| cosdalke ~c} 1>> ~k~sfalke a`co =38? Cs}kta =>>0

" ]ctca}djc}t ~c} 1>>> ~k~sfalke KCDO *GT_L oaamatc, + Cs}kta =>>0 *=>>8 hk} ST,

^smfld ](O cz~ceols}ct *# kh @O^, Cs}kta =>>0

Xces}c da~laf *# kh @O^, CXDA + Cs}kta =>>: *ek oaa hk} B^,

^}lxac d}col *}cfalxc k @O^, LGH =>>:

" M}kaomaeo tsmtd}lmc}t ~c} 1>>> ~k~sfalke Pk}fo Maei *Pk}fo Ocxcfk~gce Leoldak}t, =>>8

HL]G AD_LXL_LCT

Mstlectt ](O cz~ceols}ct *# kh @O^, Cs}kta =>>0

L_ cz~ceols}ct *# kh @O^, CL_K + Cs}kta =>>8

^smfld~}lxac dk~smfldalket ~c} glfflke ~k~sfalke _jkgtke ]csc}t + DP_T =>>0

C^K ~acet ~c} glfflke ~k~sfalke Cs}kta =>>3

" ^D_ ~acet ~c} glfflke ~k~sfalke KCDO =>>3

" _}aocga}it ~c} glfflke ~k~sfalke& axc}a`c kh2

Dkggsel| }aocga}it ~c} glfflke ~k~sfalke _}aocga}i a~~fldalket *}ctlocet, ~c} glfflke ~k~sfalke

KJLG + Cs}kta

Pk}fo Maei * Pk}fo Ocxcfk~gce Leoldak}t,

=>>0

=>>0

_cdjekfk`| Mafaedc kh a|gcet kpt *# kh @O^, Pk}fo Maei *Pk}fo Ocxcfk~gce Leoldak}t, =>>0

KS_^S_T

Cg~fk|gce le gcolsgjl`j ( jl`jcdj gaeshads}le` *# kh pk}ihk}dc, Cs}kta + KCDO =>>8 *=>>4 hk} B ,

Cg~fk|gce le iekpfco`clecetlxc tc}xldct *# kh pk}ihk}dc, Cs}kta + KCDO =>>8 *=>>4 hk} B^,

Gcolsg aeo jl`jcdj gaeshads}le` cz~k}t *# kh kaf cz~k}t, Cs}kta =>>0

Iekpfco`clecetlxc tc}xldct cz~k}t *# kh kaf tc}xldct cz~k}t, Cs}kta =>>0

10]ctca}djc}t a}c xlcpco at jc dce}af cfcgce kh jc }ctca}dj aeo ocxcfk~gce t|tcg% _jc| a}c ocfieco at ~}khcttlkeaft ceà`co le jc dkedc~lke aeo d}calke kh ecpiekpfco`c& ~}kosdt& ~}kdcttct& gcjkot aeo t|tcgt aeo a}c ol}cdf| lexkfxco le jc gaea`cgce kh ~}kbcdt *KCDO Tdlcedc& _cdjekfk`| aeo Leost}| Tdk}cmka}o =>>0,%

1: _jc ace Dkk~c}alke _}ca| *^D_ , lt ae lec}ealkeaf }ca|& aogleltc}co m| jc Pk}fo Lecffcdsaf }k~c}| K}àelralke *PL^K,& mcpcce gk}c jae

1=3 dkse}lct% _jc ^D_ gaict l ~kttlmfc k tcci ~ace ~}kcdlke hk} ae lexcelke tlgsfaeckstf| le cadj kh a fa}`c esgmc} kh dkse}lct m| fifle` a tle`fclec}ealkeaf ~ace a~~fldalke letcao kh fifle` tcxc}af tc~a}ac ealkeaf k} }c`lkeaf ~ace a~~fldalket afjks`j jc `}aele` kh ~acet }cgalet seoc}

jc dke}kf kh jc ealkeaf k} }c`lkeaf ~ace kffl dct%

_jc leoldak}t jl`jfl`jco plj ae " a}c ek loceldaf k ms ~}kzlct hk} jc CLT leoldak}t%

Hl`s}c 1> tjkpt ja jc leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc kh jc ST

aeo Ba~ae lt pcff amkxc ja kh jc CS=0% _jc CS=0ST à~ jat

o}k~~co tlèlfidaef|1< s~ self =>>0& ms le jc fat 4 |ca}t jc

}cfalxc ~}k`}ctt kh jc CS=0 jat tfkpco okpe% _jc CS=0Ba~ae

à~ jat }cgaleco tamfc mcpcce =>>3 aeo =>>< afjks`j jc

à~ jat ocd}catco s~ self =>>: ms jat led}catco aàle le =>>


25/76=3

CS=0'ST

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=>>3 =>>8 =>>0 =>>: =>>2 CS=0 LEEKXA_LKE @A^ _KPA]OT ST AEO BAÂE

^c}hk}gaedc hk} cadj }chc}cedc |ca} lt gcats}co stle & ke axc}a`c& oaa plj a pk|ca} fa *c% % ~c}hk}gaedc hk} =>>< lt gcats}co stle oaa hk} =>>0,%

_jc ST lt ~c}hk}gle` mcc} jae jc CS=0 le 11 leoldak}t& kef| le T(C

`}aosact& }lxac d}col& _}aocga}it& _cdjekfk`| Mafaedc kh a|gcet

kpt& Gcolsgjl j aeo jl jcdj gaeshads}le cg~fk|gce aeo

Iekpfco`clecetlxc tc}xldct lt jc CS=0 ~c}hk}gle` mcc} *Hl`s}c

11,% Kxc}aff jc}c lt a dfca} ~c}hk}gaedc à~ le haxks} kh jc ST& plj

jc ST tjkple a mcc} ~c}hk}gaedc le Ceamfc}t& Hl}g adlxllct aeo

Ks~st% Ms jc ST leekxalke fcao lt ocdflele & at lt leekxalke

~c}hk}gaedc jat `}kpe a ae aeesaf }ac kh 1%84# pjlfc jc CS=0

lt `}kple a ae aeesaf }ac kh 4%10#=>% L lt t}lile` ja jc CS=0

ks~c}hk}gt jc ST le `}kpj ~c}hk}gaedc le aff kh jc leoldak}t

czdc~ Mstlectt ](O cz~ceols}ct& C^K ~acet& _M^ kpt aeo ^D_

~acet% _jc CS=0 lt dfktle jc ~c}hk}gaedc à~ plj jc ST le

_c}la}| cosdalke& ]ctca}djc}t& ^smfld ](O cz~ceols}ct& Xces}c

da~laf& M}kaomaeo tsmtd}lmc}t& Mstlectt ](O cz~ceols}ct& ^smfld

~}lxac dk~smfldalket& Iekpfco`clecetlxc tc}xldct cg~fk|gce

aeo Gcolsgjl j aeo jl jcdj gaeshads}le cz~k}t% _jc CS=0

lt led}catle lt fcao le T(C `}aosact& ^}lxac d}col& _}aocga}it&

Gcolsgjl j aeo jl jcdj gaeshads}le cg~fk|gce aeo

Iekpfco`clecetlxc tc}xldct cz~k}t% _jc ST lt tfl`jf| lg~}kxle` lt

fcao le C^K ~acet aeo D_ ~acet%

1< Osc k jc ledfstlke kh jc ^}lxac d}col leoldak} jc }ctsft }c~k}co jc}c a}c ek ol}cdf| dkg~a}amfc k jktc }c~k}co le jc CLT =>>: }c~k}%=> _jc }kpj }ac hk} jc CS=0 lt olc}ce h}kg ja }c~k}co le Tcdlke 4 at jc tc kh leoldak}t stco hk} jc CSST aeo CSBa~ae dkg~a}ltke lt olc}ce h}kg ja stco le jc CLT%

HL@S]C 112 CS=0ST DKGÂ]LTKE

^c}hk}gaedc }cf% tk CS=0

> 3> 1>> 13> =>> =3>

AXC]A @C

CEAMFC]T

T(C `}aosact

_c}la}| cosdalke

]ctca}djc}t

^smfld ] (O cz~ceols}ct

Xces}c da~laf

^}lxac d}col

M}kaomaeo tsmtd}lmc}t

HL]G AD_LXL_LCT

Mst lectt ](O cz~ceols}ct

L_ cz~ceols}ct

^smfld'~}lxac dk'~smfldalket

C^K ~acet

_}aocga}it

_M^ hfkpt

^D_ ~acet

KS_^S_T

G co+jl`j'cdj gaesh% cg~f%

ILT cg~fk|gce

G co+jl`j'cdj gaesh% cz~k}t

ILT cz~k}t

Leekxatlke `}kptj

'?# '=# ># =# ?# 8# :# 1>#

CS

Axc}a`c aeesaf }kpj }act a}c dafdsfaco kxc} a fixc|ca} ~c}lko%



26/76=8

Ba~ae lt ~c}hk}gle mcc} jae jc CS=0 le 1= leoldak}t& kef| le

^}lxac d}col& _}aocga}it& _cdjekfk`| Mafaedc kh â|gcet kpt&

Iekpfco`clecetlxc tc}xldct cg~fk|gce aeo Iekpfco`c

lecetlxc tc}xldct cz~k}t lt jc CS=0 ~c}hk}gle mcc} *Hl s}c 1=,%

Kxc}aff jc}c lt a dfca} ~c}hk}gaedc à~ le haxks} kh Ba~ae& plj Ba~ae

tjkple a mcc} ~c}hk}gaedc le Ceamfc}t& Hl}g adlxllct aeo Ks~st%

_jc Ba~aectc leekxalke fcao lt jkpcxc} ocd}catle`& at lt leekxalke

~c}hk}gaedc jat `}kpe a 1%18# pjlfc jc CS=0 lt `}kple a ae

aeesaf }ac kh 4%10#% L lt t}lile ja jc CS=0 ks~c}hk}gt Ba~ae

le `}kpj ~c}hk}gaedc le aff kh jc leoldak}t czdc~ Mstlectt ](O

cz~ceols}ct aeo ^D_ ~acet% _jc CS=0 lt dfktle jc ~c}hk}gaedc

à~ plj Ba~ae le T(C `}aosact& _c}la}| cosdalke& ]ctca}djc}t&

^smfld ](O cz~ceols}ct& M}kaomaeo tsmtd}lmc}t& ^smfld~}lxac

dk~smfldalket& C^K ~acet aeo Gcolsgjl j aeo jl jcdj

gaeshads}le cz~k}t% _jc CS=0 lt led}catle lt fcao le ^}lxac d}col&

_}aocga}it& _M^ kpt& Iekpfco`clecetlxc tc}xldct cg~fk|gce

aeo Iekpfco`clecetlxc tc}xldct cz~k}t% Ba~ae lt lg~}kxle` lt fcao

le Mstlectt ](O cz~ceols}ct aeo ^D_ ~acet%

3%= M]LD dkse}lctMatco ke jc }ctsft h}kg jc @fkmaf Leekxalke Tdk}cmka}o

=>>: *@LT =>>:,& jc =>>: CLT }c~k} dkedfsoco ja jc CS=0

jao a jl`jc} kxc}aff ~c}hk}gaedc fcxcf jae cadj kh jc hks} M]LD

dkse}lct M}arlf& ]sttla& Leola aeo Djlea aeo ja mcpcce

13 M}arlf& Leola aeo le ~a}ldsfa} Djlea jao lg~}kxco

jcl} }cfalxc ~ktllke k ja kh jc CS=0% _jc @LT =>>: }ctsft

pc}c matco ke ae aeaf|tlt hk} 4> Cs}k~cae aeo 10 eke Cs}k~cae

dkse}lct stle` 13 oaa hk} < leekxalke leoldak}t%

Hk} jc CLT =>>< jlt tcdlke tjkpt jc }ctsft kh a gk}c hkdstco

aeaf|tlt mcpcce jc CS=0 at a mfkdi aeo cadj kh jc M]LD

dkse}lct stle` gk}c }cdce oaa hk} 1= leekxalke leoldak}t%

_jc leoldak}t a}c tjkpe le _amfc ?% Hk} Ceamfc}t 3 leoldak}t

a}c ledfsoco kh pjldj gkt a}c ~}kzlct hk} jc leoldak}t

stco le jc CLT% Hk} Hl}g adlxllct jc axalfamfc leoldak}t a}c

mlatco kpa}ot gcats}le` ~c}hk}gaedc le jc _j}ks`j~st

olgcetlke% Oaa axalfamlfl| lt gk}c flglco at hk} tcxc}af kh jc

M]LD dkse}lct ek dkg~a}amfc leekxalke ts}xc| oaa czlt% At

a ol}cd }ctsf oaa axalfamlfl | hk} Ks~st lt gkt flglco& at jc

CLT stct leekxalke ts}xc| hk} 3 kh jc < leoldak}t da~s}le`

~c}hk}gaedc le Ks~st% Hk} jc dkg~a}ltke plj jc M]LD

dkse}lct ks~s ~c}hk}gaedc jao k mc flglco k gcats}le`

~c}hk}gaedc le cz~k}t%

HL@S]C 1=2 CS=0BAÂE DKGÂ]LTKE

^c}hk}gaedc }cf% tk CS=0

> 3> 1>> 13> =>> =3>

AXC]A@C

CEAMFC]T

T(C `}aosact

_c}la}| cosdalke

]ctca}djc}t

^smfld ](O cz~ceols}ct

Xces}c da~laf

^}lxac d}colM}kaomaeo tsmtd}lmc}t

HL]G AD_LXL_LCT

Mst lectt ](O cz~ceols}ct

L_ cz~ceols}ct

^smfld'~}lxac dk'~smfldalket

C^K ~acet

_}aocga}it

_M^ hfkpt

^D_ ~acet

KS_^S_T

G co+jl`j'cdj gaesh% cg~f%

ILT cg~fk|gce

G co+jl`j'cdj gaesh% cz~k}t

ILT cz~k}t

Leekxatlke `}kptj

'?# '=# ># =# ?# 8# :# 1>#

CS

Axc}a`c aeesaf }kpj }act a}c dafdsfaco kxc} a fixc|ca} ~c}lko%


Oaa hk} Xces}c da~laf a}c ek axalfamfc hk} Ba~ae%


27/76=0

_AMFC ?2 CS=0M]LD LEOLDA_K]T

Oaa tks}dc ]chc}cedc |ca}

CEAMFC]T

Tja}c kh famks} hk}dc plj c}la}| cosdalke Pk}fo Maei *Pk}fo Ocxcfk~gce Leoldak}t POL, =>>0

]ctca}djc}t ~c} glfflke 1>>> ~k~sfalke Pk}fo Maei *POL, =>>8

](O cz~ceols}ct *# kh @O^, Pk}fo Maei *POL, =>>8

^}lxac d}col *}cfalxc k @O^, LGH =>>0

Hlzco m}kaomaeo tsmtd}lmc}t ~c} 1>> ~k~sfalke Pk}fo Maei *POL, =>>:

HL]G AD_LXL_LCT

LD_ cz~ceols}ct *# kh @O^, Pk}fo Maei *POL, =>>0

^smfld~}lxac dk~smfldalket ~c} glfflke ~k~sfalke _jkgtke ]csc}t + DP_T =>>0

âce a~~fldalket m| }ctlocet ~c} glfflke ~k~sfalke Pk}fo Maei *POL, =>>0

_}aocga}i a~~fldalket m| }ctlocet ~c} glfflke ~k~sfalke Pk}fo Maei *POL, =>>8

_cdjekfk`| Mafaedc kh a|gcet kpt *# kh @O^, Pk}fo Maei *POL, =>>:

KS_^S_T

Jl`jcdj gaeshads}le` cz~k}t *# kh kaf cz~k}t, Pk}fo Maei *POL, =>>0

Iekpfco`clecetlxc tc}xldct cz~k}t *# kh kaf tc}xldct cz~k}t, Selco Ealket Tc}xldc _}aoc Taltldt Oaamatc =>>0

_jc }ctsft le Hl`s}c 14 tjkp ja jc CS=0 jat a t}ke` fcao

dkg~a}co k cadj kh jc M]LD dkse}lct& le ~a}ldsfa} kpa}ot

M}arlf aeo Leola% _jc ~c}hk}gaedc fcao kpa}ot M}arlf jat }cgaleco

tamfc kxc} jc fat 3 |ca}t aeo ja kpa}ot ]sttla jat tfl`jf|

lg~}kxco afmcl os}le` jc pk gkt }cdce |ca}t jlt fcao jat

tfl`jf| ocd}catco% Djlea aeo Leola a}c mkj dadjle`s~ kpa}ot

jc CS=0% _jc }ac kh }cfalxc lg~}kxcgce hk} Leola lt gk}c

gkoct jae ja hk} Djlea aeo `lxce jc ds}}ce ~c}hk}gaedc

fcao hk} jc CS=0& l lt ek mc cz~cdco ja Leola plff dfktc lt

à~ pljle jc hk}ctccamfc hss}c% Djlea jkpcxc} lt tjkple` a

}a~lo }ac kh }cfalxc lg~}kxcgce aeo lt ~c}hk}gaedc à~ jat

ocd}catco plj afgkt 1?#~klet% Tlg~f| cz}a~kfale` Djleat

t~cco kh dadjle`s~ kxc} jc fat 3 |ca}t dksfo leoldac a dfkts}c

kh jc ~c}hk}gaedc à~ plj jc CS=0 le jc eca} hss}c=1%

=1 _jlt tlg~fc cz}a~kfalke leoldact ja jc a~ pksfo mc dfktco le 1> |ca}t lgc& ms osc k lt tlg~fldl| jlt }ctsf tjksfo ek mc lec}~}cco at a taltldafhad% L kef| tc}xct k leoldac ja Djlea lt dadjle`s~ }a~lof|%

T}ke` aeo tamfc fcao k M}arlf

CS=0 ' M]ARLF

'34 '3? '3? '33 '34

'1>>

':>

'8>

'?>

'=>

>

=>>3 =>>8 =>>0 =>>: =>>

'8>

'?>

'=>

>

=>>3 =>>8 =>>0 =>>: =>> => ?> 8> :> 1>> 1=>

AXC]A @C

CEAMFC]T

_c}la}| cosdalke

]ctca}djc}t

](O cz~ceols}ct

^}lxac d }col

M}kaomaeo

HL]G AD_LXL_LCT

LD_ cz~ceols}ct

Dk'~smfldalket

âcet

_}aocga}it

_M^ hfk pt

KS_^S_T

Jl`j'cdj cz~k}t

ILT cz~k}t

Leekxalke `}kpj

'3# ># 3# 1># 13# =># =3# 4># 43#

CS=0


T}ke` ms tfkpf| ocdflele` fcao k Leola

CS=0 ' LEOLA

'84 '81 '3< '3>

':>

'8>

'?>

'=>

>

=>>3 =>>8 =>>0 =>>: =>>

'8>

'?>

'=>

>

=>>3 =>>8 =>>0 =>>: =>># ?# :# 1=# 18# =># =?# =:#

Msfà}la lt kec kh jc Dadjle`s~ dkse}lct plj ae leekxalke

~c}hk}gaedc pcff mcfkp jc CS=0 axc}a`c ms jc }ac kh

lg~}kxcgce lt kec kh jc jl jct kh aff dkse}lct aeo l lt a `}kpj

fcaoc} pljle jc Dadjle`s~ dkse}lct% ]cfalxc t}ce`jt& dkg~a}co

k jc dkse}|t axc}a`c ~c}hk}gaedc& a}c le Jsgae }ctks}dct&

Hleaedc aeo ts~~k} aeo Cdkekgld ccdt aeo }cfalxc pcaiecttcta}c le Fleia`ct ( ce}c~}cecs}tjl~ aeo _j}ks`j~st Kxc} jc ~at

3 |ca}t& _j}ks`j~st aeo Hleaedc aeo ts~~k} jaxc mcce jc gale

o}lxc}t kh jc lg~}kxcgce le leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc& le ~a}ldsfa}

at a }ctsf h}kg t}ke `}kpj le ^}lxac d}col *1#,& Dkggsel| }aocga}it *8


39/764%>> >%1> >%=> >%4> >%?> >%3> >%8> >%0>

Jsgae }ctks}dctHleaedc aeo ts~~k}

CEAMFC]T

Hl}g lexctgcet


_j}ks`j~st

HL]G A D_LXL_LCT

Leekxak}t

Cdkekgld chhcdt

KS_^S_T

Tsgga}| Leekxalke Leocz *TLL,

CS

@}kpj ~c} olgcetlke

'?# ># ?# :# 1=# 18#

_jc Drcdj ]c~smfld lt agke` jc `}ks~ kh Gkoc}ac leekxak}t

plj leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc mcfkp jc CS=0 axc}a`c ms jc

}ac kh lg~}kxcgce lt amkxc ja kh jc CS=0% ]cfalxc t}ce`jt&

dkg~a}co k jc dkse}|t axc}a`c ~c}hk}gaedc& a}c le Hl}g

lexctgcet& Leekxak}t aeo Cdkekgld ccdt aeo a }cfalxc

pcaiectt lt le _j}ks`j~st%

Kxc} jc ~at 3 |ca}t& _j}ks`j~st& Jsgae }ctks}dct aeo

Hleaedc aeo ts~~k} jaxc mcce jc gale o}lxc}t kh jc

lg~}kxcgce le leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc& le ~a}ldsfa} at a

}ctsf h}kg t}ke` `}kpj le T(C aeo TTJ `}aosact *1:%1#,&

Xces}c da~laf *=8%8#,& ^}lxac d}col *14%8#,& M}kaomaeo addctt

m| fi}gt *=>%1#,& Dkggsel| octlèt *=?%3#, aeo _cdjekfk`|

Mafaedc kh â|gcet kpt *1?%3#,% ^c}hk}gaedc le Leekxak}t

jat pk}tceco& osc k a ocd}catc le TGCt le}kosdle` ~}kosd k}

~}kdctt leekxalket * =%8#,%

OCEGA]I

^c}hk}gaedc ~c} olgcetlke

>%>> >%=> >%?> >%8> >%:>

Jsgae }ctks}dct

Hleaedc aeo ts~~k}

CEAMFC]T

Hl}g lexctgcet


_j}ks`j~st

HL]G AD_ LXL_LCT

Leekxak}t

Cdkekgld chhcdt

KS_^S_T

Tsgga}| Leekxa lke Leocz *TLL,

CS

@}kpj ~c} olgcetlke

'8# '?# '=# ># =# ?# 8#

Hk} Ocega}i& kec kh jc Leekxalke fcaoc}t& leekxalke

~c}hk}gaedc lt pcff amkxc jc CS=0 axc}a`c ms jc }ac kh

lg~}kxcgce lt ek kef| mcfkp ja kh jc CS=0 ms xl}saff|

rc}k% ]cfalxc t}ce`jt& dkg~a}co k jc dkse}|t axc}a`c

~c}hk}gaedc& a}c le Jsgae }ctks}dct& Hleaedc aeo ts~~k} aeo

_j}ks`j~st aeo }cfa lxc pcaiecttct a}c le Hl}g lexctgcet&

Leekxak}t aeo Cdkekgld chhcdt% Kxc} jc ~at 3 |ca}t& Jsgae

}ctks}dct& Hleaedc aeo ts~~k} aeo _j}ks`j~st jaxc mccejc gale o}lxc}t kh a taèale` leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc&

le ~a}ldsfa} }ctsfle` h}kg t}ke` `}kpj le T(C aeo TTJ

`}aosact *:%1#,& ^}lxac d}col *:%?#, aeo Dkggsel|

}aocga}it *?%#,& TGCt le}kosdle` ~}kosd k}

~}kdctt leekxalket *3%0#,& Ecpkga}ic tafct *0%0#, aeo

Ecpkhl}g tafct *:%3#,%


40/76?>

@C]GAE\


>%>> >%=> >%?> >%8> >%:> 1%>>

Jsgae }ctks}dct

Hleaedc aeo ts~~k}

CEAMFC]T

Hl}g lexctgcet


_j}ks`j~st

HL]G A D_LXL_LCT

Leekxak}t

Cdkekgld chhcdt

KS_^S_T


CS

@}kpj ~c} olgcetlke

'=# ># =# ?# 8#

@c}gae| lt kec kh jc Leekxalke fcaoc}t plj leekxalke

~c}hk}gaedc dketloc}amf| amkxc jc CS=0 axc}a`c aeo jc

}ac kh lg~}kxcgce lt aftk amkxc ja kh jc CS=0% ]cfalxc

t}ce`jt& dkg~a}co k jc dkse}|t axc}a`c ~c}hk}gaedc&

a}c le Leekxak}t aeo Cdkekgld chhcdt aeo }cfalxc

pcaiecttct a}c le Jsgae }ctks}dct& Hleaedc aeo ts~~k} aeo

_j}ks`j~st%

Kxc} jc ~at 3 |ca}t& Jsgae }ctks}dct& Hleaedc aeo ts~~k} aeo

_j}ks`j~st jaxc mcce jc gale o}lxc}t kh jc lg~}kxcgce le

leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc& le ~a}ldsfa} at a }ctsf h}kg t}ke `}kpj

le T(C aeo TTJ `}aosact *1=%=#,& Xces}c da~laf *1>%?#,& M}kaomaeo

addctt *11%0#, aeo _cdjekfk`| Mafaedc kh ^a|gcet kpt *:%=#,%

^c}hk}gaedc le Leekxak}t jat tfl jf| pk}tceco& osc k a ocd}catc le

TGCt le}kosdle ~}kosd k} ~}kdctt leekxalket *>%0#,%

CT_KELA


>%>> >%1> >%=> >%4> >%?> >%3> >%8> >%0>


CEAMFC]T

Hl}g lexctgcet


_j}ks`j~st

HL]G A D_LXL_LCT

Leekxak}t

Cdkekgld chhcdt

KS_^S_T


CS

@}kpj ~c} olgcetlke

'=# ># =# ?# 8# :# 1># 1=# 1?# 18#

Hk} Ctkela& kec kh jc Leekxalke hkffkpc}t& leekxalke

~c}hk}gaedc lt bst mcfkp jc CS=0 axc}a`c ms jc

}ac kh lg~}kxcgce lt amkxc ja kh jc CS=0% ]cfalxc

t}ce`jt& dkg~a}co k jc dkse}|t axc}a`c ~c} hk}gaedc&

a}c le Hleaedc aeo ts~~k}& Hl}g lexctgcet& Fleia`ct (

ce}c~}cecs}tjl~ aeo Leekxak}t aeo }cfalxc pcaiecttct

a}c le _j}ks`j~st%

Kxc} jc ~at 3 |ca}t& Hl}g lexctgcet aeo _j}ks`j~st

jaxc mcce jc gale o}lxc}t kh jc lg~}kxcgce le leekxalke

~c}hk}gaedc& le ~a}ldsfa} at a }ctsf h}kg t}ke` `}kpj

le Mstlectt ](O cz~ceols}ct *=>%>#,& Eke](O leekxalke

cz~ceols}ct *=


41/76?1

L]CFAEO


>%>> >%1> >%=> >%4> >%?> >%3> >%8> >%0>

Jsgae }ctks}dct

Hleaedc aeo ts~~k}

CEAMFC]T

Hl}g lexctgcet


_j}ks`j~st

HL]G A D_LXL_LCT

Leekxak}t

Cdkekgld chhcdt

KS_^S_T


CS

@}kpj ~c} olgcetlke

'?# '=# ># =# ?# 8# :# 1>#

L}cfaeo lt le jc `}ks~ kh Leekxalke hkffkpc}t& plj ae leekxalke

~c}hk}gaedc amkxc jc CS=0 axc}a`c% Lt }ac kh lg~}kxcgce bst

mcfkp ja kh jc CS=0% ]cfalxc t}ce`jt& dkg~a}co k jc dkse}|t

axc}a`c ~c}hk}gaedc& a}c le Jsgae }ctks}dct aeo Cdkekgld ccdt

aeo }cfalxc pcaiecttct a}c le Hl}g lexctgcet aeo _j}ks`j~st%

Kxc} jc ~at 3 |ca}t& Jsgae }ctks}dct aeo Hleaedc aeo ts~~k}


~c}hk}gaedc& le ~a}ldsfa} at a }ctsf h}kg t}ke` `}kpj le Flhcfke`

fca}ele` *14%0#,& ^}lxac d}col *1=%0#, aeo M}kaomaeo addctt

m| fi}gt *=8%#,&

Dkggsel| octl`et *0%=#, aeo TGCt le}kosdle` ~}kosd k}

~}kdctt leekxalket *4%4#,%

@]CCDC


>%>> >%=> >%?> >%8> >%:>

Jsgae }ctks}dct

Hleaedc aeo ts~~k}

CEAMFC]T

Hl}g lexctgcet


_j}ks`j~st

HL]G A D_LXL_LCT

Leekxak}t

Cdkekgld chhcdt

KS_^S_T


CS

@}kpj ~c} olgcetlke

'1># '3# ># 3# 1># 13# =>#

Hk} @}ccdc& kec kh jc Gkoc}ac leekxak}t& leekxalke

~c}hk}gaedc lt mcfkp jc CS=0 axc}a`c aeo jc }ac kh

lg~}kxcgce lt amkxc ja kh jc CS=0% ]cfalxc t}ce`jt&

dkg~a}co k jc dkse}|t axc}a`c ~c}hk}gaedc& a}c le

Fleia`ct ( ce}c~}cecs}tjl~& Leekxak}t aeo Cdkekgld

chhcdt aeo }cfalxc pcaiecttct a}c le Hl}g lexctgcet aeo

_j}ks`j~st%

Kxc} jc ~at 3 |ca}t& Hleaedc aeo ts~~k}& _j}ks`j~st aeo Cdkekgld

ccdt jaxc mcce jc gale o}lxc}t kh jc lg~}kxcgce le leekxalke

~c}hk}gaedc& le ~a}ldsfa} at a }ctsf h}kg t}ke `}kpj le Xces}c

da~laf *=?%1#,& M}kaomaeo addctt m| fi}gt *43%?#,& Dkggsel|

octl et *4?%=#, aeo Ecpkga}ic tafct *4=%:#,% ^c}hk}gaedc le

Hl}g lexctgcet jat pk}tceco& osc k a ocd}catc le Mstlectt ](O

cz~ceols}ct * ?%3#, aeo Eke](O leekxalke cz~ceols}ct *==%0#,%


42/76?=

T^ALE


>%>> >%1> >%=> >%4> >%?> >%3> >%8> >%0>

Jsgae }ctks}dct

Hleaedc aeo ts~~k}

CEAMFC]T

Hl}g lexctgcet


_j}ks`j~st

HL]G A D_LXL_LCT

Leekxak}t

Cdkekgld chhcdt

KS_^S_T


CS

@}kpj ~c} olgcetlke

'?# '=# ># =# ?# 8# :#

Hk} T~ale& kec kh jc Gkoc}ac leekxak}t& leekxalke

~c}hk}gaedc lt mcfkp jc CS=0 axc}a`c aeo jc }ac kh

lg~}kxcgce lt aftk mcfkp ja kh jc CS=0% ]cfalxc

t}ce`jt& dkg~a}co k jc dkse}|t axc}a`c ~c}hk}gaedc&

a}c le Hleaedc aeo ts~~k} aeo Cdkekgld chhcdt aeo

}cfalxc pcaiecttct a}c le Hl}g lexctgcet aeo Fleia`ct (

ce}c~}cecs}tjl~%

Kxc} jc ~at 3 |ca}t& Hleaedc aeo ts~~k} aeo Hl}g lexctgcet


~c}hk}gaedc& le ~a}ldsfa} at a }ctsf h}kg t}ke` `}kpj le ^}lxac

d}col *1=%=#, aeo Eke](O leekxalke cz~ceols}ct *14%?#,%

^c}hk}gaedc le Jsgae }ctks}dct& Fleia`ct ( ce}c~}cecs}tjl~ aeo

Leekxak}t jat pk}tceco& le ~a}ldsfa} osc k a ocd}catc le T(C aeo

TTJ okdk}ac `}aosact *4%=#, aeo jc Hl}g }cecpaf }ac *3%%>> >%1> >%=> >%4> >%?> >%3> >%8> >%0>

Jsgae }ctks}dct

Hleaedc aeo ts~~k}

CEAMFC]T

Hl}g lexctgcet


_j}ks`j~st

HL]G A D_LXL_LCT

Leekxak}t

Cdkekgld chhcdt

KS_^S_T


CS

@}kpj ~c} olgcetlke

'=# ># =# ?# 8#

H}aedc lt le jc Leekxalke hkffkpc}t `}ks~ kh dkse}lct plj ae

leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc amkxc jc CS=0 axc}a`c ms jc }ac

kh lg~}kxcgce lt mcfkp ja kh jc CS=0% ]cfalxc t}ce`jt&

dkg~a}co k jc dkse}|t axc}a`c ~c}hk}gaedc& a}c le jc

Ceamfc}t *Jsgae }ctks}dct& Hleaedc aeo ts~~k},& aeo Ks~st

*Leekxak}t aeo Cdkekgld ccdt, aeo }cfalxc pcaiecttct a}c

le Hl}g adlxllct *Hl}g lexctgcet& Fleia`ct ( ce}c~}cecs}tjl~

aeo _j}ks`j~st,%



leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc& le ~a}ldsfa} at a }ctsf h}kg `}kpj le

T(C aeo TTJ okdk}ac `}aosact *0%4#,& ^}lxac d}col *?%3#, aeo

_cdjekfk`| Mafaedc kh ^a|gcet kpt *0%1#,% ^c}hk}gaedc le

Cdkekgld ccdt jat ocd}catco& le ~a}ldsfa} osc k a ocd}catc le

Cg~fk|gce le gcolsgjl`j ( jl`jcdj gaeshads}le` *1%=#,

aeo Gcolsgjl`j ( jl`jcdj gaeshads}le` cz~k}t *1%=#,%


43/76?4

L_AF\


>%>> >%1> >%=> >%4> >%?> >%3> >%8> >%0>

Jsgae }ctks}dct

Hleaedc aeo ts~~k}

CEAMFC]T

Hl}g lexctgcet


_j}ks`j~st

HL]G A D_LXL_LCT

Leekxak}t

Cdkekgld chhcdt

KS_^S_T


CS

@}kpj ~c} olgcetlke

'=# ># =# ?# 8#

Hk} Laf|& kec kh jc Gkoc}ac leekxak}t& leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc lt mcfkp

jc CS=0 axc}a`c aeo jc }ac kh lg~}kxcgce lt aftk mcfkp ja kh jc

CS=0% ]cfalxc t}ce jt& dkg~a}co k jc dkse}|t axc}a`c ~c}hk}gaedc&

a}c le Hleaedc aeo ts~~k} aeo Cdkekgld ccdt aeo }cfalxc pcaiecttct

a}c le Jsgae }ctks}dct& Hl}g lexctgcet aeo Fleia`ct ( ce}c~}cecs}tjl~%

Kxc} jc ~at 3 |ca}t& t}ke` `}kpj jat dkgc h}kg Jsgae

}ctks}dct aeo Hleaedc aeo ts~~k} pjldj jaxc mcce jc o}lxc}t

kh jc lg~}kxcgce le leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc& le ~a}ldsfa} at

a }ctsf h}kg t}ke` `}kpj le T(C aeo TTJ okdk}ac `}aosact

*1=%:#, aeo M}kaomaeo addctt m| fi}gt *=%>> >%=> >%?> >%8> >%:>

Jsgae }ctks}dct

Hleaedc aeo ts~~k}

CEAMFC]T

Hl}g lexctgcet


_j}ks`j~st

HL]G A D_LXL_LCT

Leekxak}t

Cdkekgld chhcdt

KS_^S_T


CS

@}kpj ~c} olgcetlke

'8# '4# ># 4# 8#


44/76??

FA_XLA


>%>> >%1> >%=> >%4> >%?> >%3> >%8> >%0>

Jsgae }ctks}dct

Hleaedc aeo ts~~k}

CEAMFC]T

Hl}g lexctgcet


_j}ks`j~st

HL]G A D_LXL_LCT

Leekxak}t

Cdkekgld chhcdt

KS_^S_T


CS

@}kpj ~c} olgcetlke

':# '?# ># ?# :# 1=# 18# =>#

Hk} Faxla& kec kh jc Dadjle`s~ dkse}lct& leekxalke

~c}hk}gaedc lt pcff mcfkp jc CS=0 axc}a`c ms jc }ac kh


dkg~a}co k jc dkse}|t axc}a`c ~c}hk}gaedc& a}c le

Jsgae }ctks}dct aeo Hleaedc aeo ts~~k} aeo }cfalxc

pcaiecttct a}c le Flei a`ct ( ce}c~}cecs}tjl~& _j}ks`j~st

aeo Leekxak}t%

Kxc} jc ~at 3 |ca}t& Hleaedc aeo ts~~k} aeo _j}ks`j~st


~c}hk}gaedc& le ~a}ldsfa} at a }ctsf h}kg t}ke` `}kpj le ^smfld

](O cz~ceols}ct *1=%3#,& ^}lxac d}col *13%?#,& C^K ~acet

*10%:#,& Dkggsel| }aocga}it *43%#,% ^c}hk}gaedc le Fleia`ct ( ce}c~}cecs}tjl~ jat pk}tceco&

le ~a}ldsfa} osc k a ocd}catc le jc Hl}g }cecpaf }ac *10%=#,%

FL_JSAELA


>%>> >%1> >%=> >%4> >%?> >%3> >%8> >%0>


CEAMFC]T

Hl}g lexctgcet


_j}ks`j~st

HL]G A D_LXL_LCT

Leekxak}t

Cdkekgld chhcdt

KS_^S_T


CS

@}kpj ~c} olgcetlke

'8# '?# '=# ># =# ?# 8# :# 1>#

Fljsaela lt agke` jc `}ks~ kh Gkoc}ac leekxak}t& plj ae

leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc pcff mcfkp jc CS=0 axc}a`c aeo a

}ac kh lg~}kxcgce amkxc ja kh jc CS=0% ]cfalxc t}ce`jt&

dkg~a}co k jc dkse}|t axc}a`c ~c}hk}gaedc& a}c le Jsgae

}ctks}dct& Hleaedc aeo ts~~k} aeo Fleia`ct ( ce}c~}cecs}tjl~

aeo }cfalxc pcaiecttct a}c le Hl}g lexctgcet& _j}ks`j~st

aeo Leekxak}t%


_j}ks j~st jaxc mcce jc gale o}lxc}t kh jc lg~}kxcgce le

leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc& le ~a}ldsfa} at a }ctsf h}kg t}ke` `}kpj

le T(C aeo TTJ okdk}ac `}aosact *1?%:#,& ^}lxac d}col *=1%3#,&

C^K ~acet *13%3, aeo Dkggsel| }aocga}it *=8%:#,% c}hk}gaedc

le Leekxak}t jat pk}tceco& le ~a}ldsfa} osc k a ocd}catc le TGCt

le}kosdle` ~}kosd k} ~}kdctt leekxalket *8%1#,%


45/76?3

FSZCGMKS]@


>%>> >%1> >%=> >%4> >%?> >%3> >%8> >%0>

Jsgae }ctks}dct

Hleaedc aeo ts~~k}

CEAMFC]T

Hl}g lexctgcet


_j}ks`j~st

HL]G A D_LXL_LCT

Leekxak}t

Cdkekgld chhcdt

KS_^S_T


CS

@}kpj ~c} olgcetlke

':# '?# ># ?# :# 1=# 18#

Hk} Fszcgmks}`& kec kh jc Leekxalke hkffkpc}t& leekxalke

~c}hk}gaedc lt amkxc jc CS=0 axc}a`c ms jc }ac kh lg~}kxcgce

lt tfl`jf| mcfkp ja kh jc CS=0% ]cfalxc t}ce`jt& dkg~a}co k

jc dkse}|t axc}a`c ~c}hk}gaedc& a}c le Hleaedc aeo ts~~k}&

_j}ks j~st aeo Leekxak}t aeo }cfalxc pcaiecttct a}c le Jsgae

}ctks}dct& Hl}g lexctgcet aeo Fleia`ct ( ce}c~}cecs}tjl~%



~c}hk}gaedc& le ~a}ldsfa} at a }ctsf h}kg t}ke` }kpj le }lxac

d}col *18%:#,& M}kaomaeo addctt m| fi}gt *18%>#, aeo Dkggsel|

}aocga}it *1>%4#,% ^c}hk}gaedc le Fleia`ct ( ce}c~}cecs}tjl~&

Leekxak}t aeo Cdkekgld ccdt jat pk}tceco& le ~a}ldsfa} osc

k a ocd}catc le jc Hl}g }cecpaf }ac *1>%0#,& ^smfld~}lxac dk

~smfldalket *1>%1#,& Cg~fk|gce le gcolsgjl`j ( jl`jcdj

gaeshads}le` *8%#,%

JSE@A]\


>%>> >%1> >%=> >%4> >%?> >%3> >%8> >%0>

Jsgae }ctks}dct

Hleaedc aeo ts~~k}

CEAMFC]T

Hl}g lexctgcet


_j}ks`j~st

HL]G A D_LXL_LCT

Leekxak}t

Cdkekgld chhcdt

KS_^S_T


CS

@}kpj ~c} olgcetlke

'?# '=# ># =# ?# 8# :#

Jse`a}| lt le jc `}ks~ kh Gkoc}ac leekxak}t plj ae

leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc pcff mcfkp jc CS=0 axc}a`c ms a }ac kh

lg~}kxcgce amkxc ja kh jc CS=0% ]cfalxc t}ce`jt& dkg~a}co

k jc dkse}|t axc}a`c ~c}hk}gaedc& a}c le Cdkekgld ccdt aeo

}cfalxc pcaiecttct a}c le _j}ks`j~st aeo Leekxak}t%

Kxc} jc ~at 3 |ca}t& _j}ks`j~st aeo Cdkekgld ccdt


~c}hk}gaedc& le ~a}ldsfa} at a }ctsf h}kg t}ke` `}kpj le

Dkggsel| }aocga}it *11%0#,& Dkggsel| octl`et *#,% ^c}hk}gaedc le Hleaedc aeo ts~~k} aeo

Leekxak}t jat pk}tceco& le ~a}ldsfa} osc k a ocd}catc le

Xces}c da~laf *=8%1#,%


46/76?8

GAF_A


>%>> >%1> >%=> >%4> >%?> >%3> >%8> >%0>

Jsgae }ctks}dct

Hleaedc aeo ts~~k}

CEAMFC]T

Hl}g lexctgcet


_j}ks`j~st

HL]G A D_LXL_LCT

Leekxak}t

Cdkekgld chhcdt

KS_^S_T


CS

@}kpj ~c} olgcetlke

'?# ># ?# :# 1=# 18# =># =?#

Hk} Gafa& kec kh jc Gkoc}ac leekxak}t& leekxalke

~c}hk}gaedc lt mcfkp jc CS=0 axc}a`c ms jc }ac kh


dkg~a}co k jc dkse}|t axc}a`c ~c}hk}gaedc& a}c le Hleaedc

aeo ts~~k} aeo Cdkekgld chhcdt aeo }cfalxc pcaiecttct

a}c le Jsgae }ctks}dct& Fleia`ct ( ce}c~}cecs}tjl~ aeo

Leekxak}t%

Kxc} jc ~at 3 |ca}t& _j}ks`j~st jat mcce jc gale o}lxc} kh jc

lg~}kxcgce le leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc& le ~a}ldsfa} at a }ctsf

h}kg t}ke` `}kpj le C^K ~acet *18%=#,& Dkggsel| }aocga}it

*18%3#,& Dkggsel| octl`et *=4%3#, aeo _cdjekfk`| Mafaedc kh

^a|gcet kpt *44%8#,% c}hk}gaedc le Cdkekgld ccdt jat ja}of|

`}kpe& le ~a}ldsfa} osc k a t}ke`c} ocd}catc le Ecpkfi}g tafct

*1:%?#, jae jc led}catc le Ecpkga}ic tafct *18%4#,=8%

EC_JC]FAEOT


>%>> >%1> >%=> >%4> >%?> >%3> >%8> >%0>

Jsgae }ctks}dct

Hleaedc aeo ts~~k}

CEAMFC]T

Hl}g lexctgcet


_j}ks`j~st

HL]G A D_LXL_LCT

Leekxak}t

Cdkekgld chhcdt

KS_^S_T


CS

@}kpj ~c} olgcetlke

'=# ># =# ?# 8#

=8 _jc o}k~ le tafct ecpkfi}g ~}kosdt mcpcce jc }ctsft hk} =>>? h}kg DLT? aeo DLT=>>8 lt osc k a djae`c le jc Gafctc qsctlkeeal}c tsdj ja jctlg~fc }ctafc kh ecp `kkot ~s}djatco h}kg kjc} cec}~}ltct lt ek fke`c} dketloc}co at a ~}kosd leekxalke%

_jc Ec jc} faeot lt kec kh jc Leekxalke hkf fkpc }t% Lt

leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc lt bst amkxc jc CS=0 axc}a`c ms

jc }ac kh lg~}kxcgce lt mcfkp ja kh jc CS=0% ]cfalxc

t}ce`jt& dkg~a}co k jc dkse}|t axc}a`c ~c} hk}gaedc&

a}c le Hleaedc aeo ts~~k} aeo Fleia`ct ( ce}c~}cecs}tjl~

pjlfc }cfalxc pcaiecttct a}c le Hl}g lexctgcet aeo

Leekxak}t%

Kxc} jc ~at 3 |ca}t& Jsgae }ctks}dct aeo Hleaedc aeo ts~~k}


~c}hk}gaedc& le ~a}ldsfa} at a }ctsf h}kg t}ke` `}kpj le T(C

aeo TTJ `}aosact *1>%?#, aeo M}kaomaeo addctt m| fi}gt *1=%4#,%

^c}hk}gaedc le Hl}g lexctgcet aeo Fleia`ct ( ce}c~}cecs}tjl~

jat pk}tceco& le ~a}ldsfa} osc k a ocd}catc le Eke](O leekxalke

cz~ceols}ct *1%3#, aeo jc Hl}g }cecpaf }ac *?%?#,%


47/76?0

AST_]LA


>%>> >%1> >%=> >%4> >%?> >%3> >%8> >%0>

Jsgae }ctks}dct

Hleaedc aeo ts~~k}

CEAMFC]T

Hl}g lexctgcet


_j}ks`j~st

HL]G A D_LXL_LCT

Leekxak}t

Cdkekgld chhcdt

KS_^S_T


CS

@}kpj ~c} olgcetlke

'=# ># =# ?# 8#

Hk} Ast}la& agke` jc `}ks~ kh Leekxalke hkffkpc}t& leekxalke

~c}hk}gaedc lt amkxc jc CS=0 axc}a`c aeo jc }ac kh

lg~}kxcgce dfktc k ja kh jc CS=0% ]cfalxc t}ce`jt&

dkg~a}co k jc dkse}|t axc}a`c ~c}hk}gaedc& a}c le Hl}g

lexctgcet& Fleia`ct ( ce}c~}cecs}tjl~ aeo Leekxak}t aeo

}cfalxc pcaiecttct a}c le Jsgae }ctks}dct aeo Hleaedc aeo

ts~~k}%

Kxc} jc ~at 3 |ca}t& _j}ks`j~st aeo Cdkekgld ccdt jaxc mcce

jc gale o}lxc}t kh jc lg~}kxcgce le leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc& le

~a}ldsfa} at a }ctsf h}kg `}kpj le Dkggsel| }aocga}it *3%?#,&

Ecpkga}ic tafct *3%:#, aeo Ecpkfi}g tafct *0%1#,% Ms aftk

Jsgae }ctks}dct& Hleaedc aeo ts~~k}& Hl}g lexctgcet aeo Fleia`ct

( ce}c~}cecs}tjl~ jaxc tjkpe a tcao| aeo tsmtaelaf lg~}kxcgce%

^c}hk}gaedc le Leekxak}t jkpcxc} jat tfl jf| pk}tceco%

^KFAEO


>%>> >%1> >%=> >%4> >%?> >%3> >%8> >%0>

Jsgae }ctks}dct

Hleaedc aeo ts~~k}

CEAMFC]T

Hl}g lexctgcet


_j}ks`j~st

HL]G A D_LXL_LCT

Leekxak}t

Cdkekgld chhcdt

KS_^S_T


CS

@}kpj ~c} olgcetlke

'?# ># ?# :# 1=#

^kfaeo lt agke jc `}ks~ kh Gkoc}ac leekxak}t& plj ae

leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc dketloc}amf| mcfkp jc CS=0 axc}a`c ms

ae amkxc axc}a`c }ac kh lg~}kxcgce% ]cfalxc t}ce`jt& dkg~a}co

k jc dkse}|t axc}a`c ~c}hk}gaedc& a}c le Jsgae }ctks}dct& Hl}g

lexctgcet aeo Cdkekgld ccdt aeo }cfalxc pcaiecttct a}c le

Fleia`ct ( ce}c~}cecs}tjl~& _j}ks`j~st aeo Leekxak}t%

Kxc} jc ~at 3 |ca}t& Hleaedc aeo ts~~k} aeo _j}ks`j~st jaxc

mcce a t}ke o}lxc} kh lg~}kxco ~c}hk}gaedc& le ~a}ldsfa} at a }ctsf

h}kg t}ke }kpj le }lxac d}col *13%?#,& M}kaomaeo addctt m| fi}gt

*=>%3#,& Dkggsel| }aocga}it *1?%?#, aeo Dkggsel| octl et

*=:%0#,% c}hk}gaedc le Leekxak}t aeo Cdkekgld ccdt jat pk}tceco&

le ~a}ldsfa} osc k a ocd}catc le Ecpkga}ic tafct *14%?#,%


48/76?:

^K]_S@AF


>%>> >%1> >%=> >%4> >%?> >%3> >%8> >%0>

Jsgae }ctks}dct

Hleaedc aeo ts~~k}

CEAMFC]T

Hl}g lexctgcet


_j}ks`j~st

HL]G A D_LXL_LCT

Leekxak}t

Cdkekgld chhcdt

KS_^S_T


CS

@}kpj ~c} olgcetlke

'=# ># =# ?# 8# :# 1>#

Hk} ^k}s`af& kec kh jc Gkoc}ac leekxak}t& leekxalke

~c}hk}gaedc lt mcfkp jc CS=0 axc}a`c ms jc }ac kh

lg~}kxcgce lt j}cc lgct ja kh jc CS=0 gaile` l a `}kpj

fcaoc} pljle jc }ks~ kh Gkoc}ac leekxak}t% ]cfalxc t}ce`jt&

dkg~a}co k jc dkse}|t axc}a`c ~c}hk}gaedc& a}c le Hleaedc

aeo ts~~k} aeo Leekxak}t pjlfc }cfalxc pcaiecttct a}c le Hl}g

lexctgcet aeo _j}ks`j~st%

Kxc} jc ~at 3 |ca}t& Jsgae }ctks}dct& Hl}g lexctgcet aeo


leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc& le ~a}ldsfa} at a }ctsf h}kg t}ke `}kpj

le T(C aeo TTJ `}aosact *13%:#,& T(C aeo TTJ okdk}ac `}aosact

*18%%>> >%1> >%=> >%4> >%?> >%3> >%8> >%0>


CEAMFC]T

Hl}g lexctgcet


_j}ks`j~st

HL]G A D_LXL_LCT

Leekxak}t

Cdkekgld chhcdt

KS_^S_T


CS

@}kpj ~c} olgcetlke

'?# ># ?# :# 1=# 18# =># =?# =:#

]kgaela lt kec kh jc `}kpj fcaoc}t agke` jc Dadjle`

s~ dkse}lct& plj ae leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc pcff mcfkp

jc CS=0 axc}a`c ms a }ac kh lg~}kxcgce ja lt kec kh

jc jl`jct kh aff dkse}lct% ]cfalxc t}ce`jt& dkg~a}co k

jc dkse}|t axc}a`c ~c}hk}gaedc& a}c le Leekxak}t aeo

Cdkekgld chhcdt aeo }cfalxc pcaiecttct a}c le Hleaedc aeo

ts~~k} aeo _j}ks`j~st%

Kxc} jc ~at 3 |ca}t& Hleaedc aeo ts~~k} aeo _j}ks`j~st jaxc

mcce jc gale o}lxc}t kh jc lg~}kxcgce le leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc&

le ~a}ldsfa} at a }ctsf h}kg t}ke `}kpj le ^smfld ](O cz~ceols}ct

*1:%>#,& ^}lxac d}col *=3%:#,& M}kaomaeo addctt m| fi}gt *?8%0#,&

Dkggsel| }aocga}it *4?%3#, aeo Dkggsel| octl et *40%4#,%

^c}hk}gaedc le Hl}g lexctgcet& Fleia`ct ( ce}c~}cecs}tjl~&

Leekxak}t aeo Cdkekgld ccdt jat led}catco a a tfkpc} ~adc%


49/76?%>> >%1> >%=> >%4> >%?> >%3> >%8> >%0>

Jsgae }ctks}dct

Hleaedc aeo ts~~k}

CEAMFC]T

Hl}g lexctgcet


_j}ks`j~st

HL]G A D_LXL_LCT

Leekxak}t

Cdkekgld chhcdt

KS_^S_T


CS

@}kpj ~c} olgcetlke

'=# ># =# ?# 8# :# 1>#

Hk} Tfkxcela& kec kh jc Leekxalke hkffkpc}t& leekxalke

~c}hk}gaedc lt bst mcfkp jc CS=0 axc}a`c ms jc }ac kh


dkg~a}co k jc dkse}|t axc}a`c ~c}hk}gaedc& a}c le Jsgae

}ctks}dct& Hleaedc aeo ts~~k}& Leekxak}t aeo Cdkekgld

ccdt aeo }cfalxc pcaiecttct a}c le Hl}g lexctgcet aeo

_j}ks`j~st%



~c}hk}gaedc& le ~a}ldsfa} at a }ctsf h}kg t}ke` `}kpj le

^}lxac d}col *13%3#, aeo Dkggsel| }aocga}it *14%1#,%

^c}hk}gaedc le Jsgae }ctks}dct& Hl}g lexctgcet& Fleia`ct

( ce}c~}cecs}tjl~ aeo Cdkekgld chhcdt jat led}catco a a

tfkpc} ~adc%

TFKXAILA


>%>> >%1> >%=> >%4> >%?> >%3> >%8> >%0>

Jsgae }ctks}dct

Hleaedc aeo ts~~k}

CEAMFC]T

Hl}g lexctgcet


_j}ks`j~st

HL]G A D_LXL_LCT

Leekxak}t

Cdkekgld chhcdt

KS_^S_T


CS

@}kpj ~c} olgcetlke

'=# ># =# ?# 8# :# 1># 1=# 1?#

Hk} Tfkxaila& kec kh jc Dadjle`s~ dkse}lct& leekxalke

~c}hk}gaedc lt pcff mcfkp jc CS=0 axc}a`c ms jc }ac kh

lg~}kxcgce lt amkxc ja kh jc CS=0% ]cfalxc t}ce`jt& dkg~a}co

k jc dkse}|t axc}a`c ~c}hk}gaedc& a}c le Hl}g lexctgcet aeo

Cdkekgld ccdt aeo }cfalxc pcaiecttct a}c le Hleaedc aeo ts~~k}&

Fleia`ct ( ce}c~}cecs}tjl~& _j}ks`j~st aeo Leekxak}t%

Kxc} jc ~at 3 |ca}t& Hleaedc aeo ts~~k} aeo ekamf|

_j}ks`j~st jaxc mcce jc gale o}lxc}t kh jc lg~}kxcgce

le leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc& le ~a}ldsfa} at a }ctsf h}kg t}ke`

`}kpj le M}kaomaeo addctt m| fi}gt *44%4#,& Dkggsel|

}aocga}it *4?%1#, aeo Dkggsel| octl`et *1


50/763>

HLEFAEO


>%>> >%=> >%?> >%8> >%:> 1%>>

Jsgae }ctks}dct

Hleaedc aeo ts~~k}

CEAMFC]T

Hl}g lexctgcet


_j}ks`j~st

HL]G A D_LXL_LCT

Leekxak}t

Cdkekgld chhcdt

KS_^S_T


CS

@}kpj ~c} olgcetlke

'=# ># =# ?# 8#

Hk} Hlefaeo& kec kh jc Leekxalke fcaoc}t& leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc

lt pcff amkxc jc CS=0 axc}a`c aeo jc }ac kh lg~}kxcgce lt

aftk amkxc ja kh jc CS=0% ]cfalxc t}ce`jt& dkg~a}co k jc

dkse}|t axc}a`c ~c}hk}gaedc& a}c le Jsgae }ctks}dct aeo Hl}g

lexctgcet aeo }cfalxc pcaiecttct a}c le _j}ks`j~st aeo

Leekxak}t%

Kxc} jc ~at 3 |ca}t& Hleaedc aeo ts~~k}& _j}ks`j~st aeo

Leekxak}t jaxc mcce jc gale o}lxc}t kh jc lg~}kxcgce le

leekxalke ~c}hk}gaedc& le ~a}ldsfa} at a }ctsf h}kg t}ke`

`}kpj le Leekxalxc TGCt dkffamk}ale` plj kjc}t *1=%?#,

aeo Dkggsel| }aocga}it *0%>#,% ^c}hk}gaedc le mkj Hl}g

lexctgcet aeo Cdkekgld ccdt jat led}catco a a tfkpc} ~adc%

TPCOCE


>%>> >%=> >%?> >%8> >%:> 1%>>

Jsgae }ctks}dct

Hleaedc aeo ts~~k}

CEAMFC]T

Hl}g lexctgcet


_j}ks`j~st

HL]G A D_LXL_LCT

Leekxak}t

Cdkekgld chhcdt

KS_^S_T


CS

@}kpj ~c} olgcetlke

'?# '=# ># =# ?# 8#

Tpcoce lt kec kh jc Leekxalke fcaoc}t aeo jc mct ~c}hk}gle`

CS Gcgmc} Tac& afjks`j lt }ac kh lg~}kxcgce lt mcfkp

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European Innovation Scoreboard(EIS) 2009(Eng)/ Marcador de la Innovación europea 2009(Ing)/...

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Transcript of European Innovation Scoreboard(EIS) 2009(Eng)/ Marcador de la Innovación europea 2009(Ing)/...