ESPACIO, LUGAR Y MOVIMIENTOS SOCIALES: HACIA UNA ESPACIALIDAD DE RESITENCIA

8/9/2019 ESPACIO, LUGAR Y MOVIMIENTOS SOCIALES: HACIA UNA ESPACIALIDAD DE RESITENCIA

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NQTJAOC% E^KJV _ BCWOBONI]CQ QCAOJENQ8 @JAOJ ÎJ&NQTJAOJEOMJM MN VNQOQ]NIAOJ&:

êvoa` CqenimnvMntjv}jbni}c mn Knckvjgj% îownvqomjm mn Kejqkc{

Nqtjaoc% e~kjv y bcwoboni}cq qcaojenq8 `jaoj ~ij &nqtjaojeomjm mn vnqoq}niaoj& (Vnq~bni/

J~iz~n jf~imj `cy ne ~qc mn bn}gcvjq nqtjaojenq ni ejq aoniaojq qcaojenq% b~a`cq knkvjgcqmntecvji ej vnm~aaoi jije}oaj mn aciant}cq acbc nqtjaoc y e~kjv ni b~a`cq }vjfjhcq j ~ijbnvj g~iaoi oe~q}vj}owj) Bq tvnca~tji}n j~i qn vntvnqni}j je nqtjaoc gvna~ni}nbni}n acbcnq}}oac y ajvni}n mn aci}niomc tce}oac% ~ij }nimniaoj z~n qok~n mjimc tvngnvniaoj j ~ij woqoiòq}voaj gvni}n j ~ij knckvgoaj ni ne jieoqoq mn ajbfocq qcaojenq)

Ni nq}n jv}a~ec wcy j jvk~bni}jv z~n ne aciant}c mne nqtjaoc nq (y qonbtvn `j qomc/ tce}oac y

qj}~vjmc mn ~ij vnm acbtenhj mn vnejaocinq mn tcmnv#qjfnv z~n qn nptvnqji ni tjoqjhnq bj}nvojenqy moqa~vqowcq mn mcboijaoi y vnqoq}niaoj) Ni tjv}oa~ejv% z~onvc bcq}vjv abc ecq}vnq &bcbni}cq& omni}ogoajmcq tcv Engnfwvn (:??:/ ni ej tvcm~aaoi mne nqtjaoc t~nmniaci}vof~ov j ej aciant}~jeoxjaoi mn ~ij&nqtjaojeomjm mn vnqoq}niaoj&% teji}njboni}c }nvoacoi}vcm~aomc jz~ z~n f~qaj aciant}~jeoxjv ejq gcvbjq aciavn}jq y mnaoqowjq ni a~jenq nqtjaoc yvnqoq}niaoj oi}nvja}ji n obtja}ji ne ~ic qcfvn ne c}vc) Nptecvjimc jmnbq ne aciant}c mn e~kjvacbc mnqjvvceejmc tcv Jkin{ (:?0;/% tvctcikc ~ij tnvqtna}owj mn e~kjv qcfvn bcwoboni}cqqcaojenq z~n qo}j ejq tva}oajq mn ecq bcwoboni}cq ni ~i e~kjv nqtnagoac y j ej wnx mni}vc mn ~ibjvac bq jbteoc mne vn"nq}v~a}~vjboni}c kecfje mne ajto}jeoqbc) ]nvboic ne jv}a~ec acijek~ijq vngenpocinq qcfvn ejq obteoajaocinq z~n }onin ~ij tnvqtna}owj mn e~kjv tjvj ejbn}cmceckj ni ej oiwnq}okjaoi mn bcwoboni}cq qcaojenq) Qn qo}j nq}n jieoqoq mni}vc mne mnfj}n

qcfvn ej aciq}v~aaoi mn ej n}ioaomjm ni ejq acb~iomjmnq inkvjq mne Tjagoac acecbfojic y ejjtjvoaoi mn bcwoboni}cq qcaojenq ni nq}j vnkoi z~n jv}oa~eji nq}cq jq~i}cq ni i~nwjq gcvbjq mntce}oajq a~e}~vjenq)

Z~onvc q~fvjyjv z~n ne tvnqni}n }np}c qn mnfn ni}nimnv (y ennv/ qcfvn }cmc acbc ~ij aci}vof~aoi}nvoaj j mnfj}nq ja}~jenq mni}vc y g~nvj mn ej knckvjgj a~e}~vje#tce}oaj z~n f~qajiaciant}~jeoxjv ejq knckvjgjq nqtnagoajq mn ej vnqoq}niaoj) Jmwonv}c ni}cianq z~n ne bj}nvojenbtvoac tvnqni}jmc jz~ " ne bcwoboni}c qcaoje mn acb~iomjmnq inkvjq ni ne Tjagoacacecbfojic " qovwn tjvj oe~q}vjvnq}cq teji}njboni}cq aciant}~jenq) Ne ena}cv oi}nvnqjmc nioimjkjv bq j gcimc ni ne ajqc nbtvoac qn qnvwov mn ejq i~bnvcqjq vngnvniaojq `na`jq ni ne}np}c) Jmwonv}c jmnbq z~n ne jv}a~ec ijao ni ne aci}np}c mn ej knckvjgj jikec"qjhcij% y z~n

tcv nimn ic aciqomnvj teji}njboni}cq mnqjvvceejmcq mnqmn ej jajmnboj nqtjcej) Ne }np}ctvnaoqjbni}n jqtovj j ~ij vn}vc"jeobni}jaoi aci jajmboacq% oiwnq}okjmcvnq y ja}owoq}jqnqtjcenq tjvj janvajv mcq }vjmoaocinq y }nimniaojq knckvgoajq " ej nqtjcej y ej jikec"qjhcij "ni}vn a~jenq% acbc nq qjfomc% ic `ji npoq}omc b~a`cq oi}nvajbfocq mn aciant}cq n omnjq)

Tjejfvjq aejwn8 nqtjaoc% e~kjv% vnqoq}niaoj% bcwoboni}cq qcaojenq% acb~iomjmnq inkvjq% Tjagoacacecbfojic% nqtjaoc ja~}oac
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Ej knkvjgj oikenqj Mcvnni Bjqqny (:??18:=:/ aciq}j}j z~n &ne +nqtjaoc+ nq} b~y mnbcmj ni nq}cq mjq&% vngovoimcqn j ~i kvji ibnvc mn aoni}goacq qcaojenq z~njv}oa~eji q~q jieoqoq ni }vboicq nqtjaojenq6) Qoi nbfjvkc% ec z~n Bjqqny y c}vcq

mntecvji% nq ej ajvniaoj mn ~i ni}nimoboni}c jije}oac mne aciant}c mn nqtjaoc8 &ejqbn}gcvjq knckvgoajq mn ejq tce}oajq aci}nbtcvinjq mnfni aci}nbtejvaciantaocinq mn nqtjaoc z~n vnacicani e~kjv% tcqoaoi% ~foajaoi n}a) acbc avnjmcq%acbc tvcm~aomcq& (Fcimo :??18??/) Nq bq) Ic qn }vj}j qcejbni}n mn vnacicanv ejgcvbj aciq}v~omj mn moa`cq aciant}cq qoic mn bcq}vjv abc `ji qomc aciq}v~omcq yfjhc z~ nq}v~a}~vjq tce}oajq y vnejaocinq mn tcmnv#qjfnv1)

Vcbtonimc aci ne m~jeoqbc jije}oac ni}vn }onbtc y nqtjaoc% ni}vn `oq}cvoj y knckvjgj% }jigvna~ni}nbni}n vntvcm~aomc javo}oajbni}n% Bjqqny teji}nj ~ij &}n}vj"mobniqocijeomjm mnnqtjaoc y }onbtc&8

Nqtjaoc y }onbtc nq}i inanqjvojbni}n ni}vn}nhomcq) Ic nq z~n ic tcmnbcq `janv ioik~ij moq}oiaoi ni}vn neecq%qoic z~n ej moq}oiaoi z~n `janbcq% inanqo}j bji}ninv j ecq mcq ni ~i nz~oeofvoc% y `janvec mni}vc mn ~i aciant}cg~nv}n mn }n}vj"mobniqocijeomjm) (Bjqqny :??18:>6/

Ni aonv}j gcvbj% Bjqqny tjvnan nwcajv jz~ ejq vntvnqni}jaocinq kncb}voajq mnej &knckvjgj mn }onbtc& mn @knvq}vjim (:?;1/=) Qoi nbfjvkc% ic qn eobo}ji ejqoi}nvvnejaocinq mn nqtjaoc"}onbtc j ~i vkomc goqoajeoqbc kvgoac mn oi}nvjaaocinqv~}oioxjmjq mn ja}cvnq qcaojenq mni}vc mn ~i bjvac acicaomc mn e~kjvnq y ajboicqtcqofenq mn nqtjaoc"}onbtc) Ec z~n obtcv}j jz~% nq ej acimoaoi ge~omj y moiboaj mnnq}j vnejaoi y ejq be}otenq gcvbjq ni z~n ne nqtjaoc y ne }onbtc nq}i oiqavo}cq ni ej

acim~a}j mn ej womj qcaoje)

Nq}n jqtna}c `j qomc npteoajmc }jbfoi ni ej }ncvj mn nq}v~a}~vjaoi y ejqoi}nvjaaocinq acbtenhjq y mojea}oajq ni}vn nq}v~a}~vj y jaaoi qcaoje (Kommniq :?0=/)Vnq~bonimc b~y fvnwnbni}n y qcfvn ec z~n obtcv}j tjvj i~nq}vc jvk~bni}c%Kommniq ni}onimn ecq qoq}nbjq qcaojenq acbc qoq}nbjq mn oi}nvjaaocinq ni}vnnq}v~a}~vjq y ejq ja}owomjmnq ecajeoxjmjq mn q~hn}cq `~bjicq% ajtjanq y acicanmcvnq)Nq obtcv}ji}n ni}cianq vnacicanv z~n ejq nq}v~a}~vjq `ji qomc avnjmjq tcv ecq q~hn}cq`~bjicq% y j~iz~n t~nmji tvnqni}jv cfq}a~ecq ni ej acim~a}j mn ej womj qcaoje%}jbfoi t~nmni qnv jh~q}jmjq% ajbfojmjq c oiae~qown mnvvc}jmjq tcv ecq boqbcq

ja}cvnq qcaojenq) Ejq tva}oajq qcaojenq t~nmni ni}cianq vntvcm~aov c vnqoq}ov nq}jqnq}v~a}~vjq) Ni nq}n qni}omc tcmnbcq acianfov j ecq bcwoboni}cq qcaojenq mnqmn ~ijtnvqtna}owj mn nq}v~a}~vjaoi ni }ji}c z~n ej jaaoi acena}owj mn ecq tjv}oaotji}nq mn~i bcwoboni}c mnqjgj j nq}v~a}~vjq mn mcboijaoi y#c q~hnaoi>)

Tcv jbfok~jq% mognvni}nq y be}otenq z~n qnji% enq nq acbi j }cmjq ejq vnqoq}niaojq z~n nq}ija}~jmjq y bnmojmjq ni ne nqtjaoc y ni ne }onbtc) J~iz~n t~nmj tjvnanv nwomni}n qnbnhji}n
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mnaejvjaoi% ej obteoajaoi mn }je teji}njboni}c nq z~n jbfcq aciant}cq qci nqniaojebni}ntce}oacq ni ej gcvbj ni z~n ejq tva}oajq qcaojenq nq}i oiqavo}jq y nibjvajmjq ni neecq)

Bcwoboni}cq qcaojenq y ej tce}oaj mne nqtjaoc

Vngenpocijimc qcfvn ej tce}oaj mne nqtjaoc% ne qcaoeckc gvjiaq @nivo Engnfwvn jgovbj8 Ne nqtjaoc ic nq ~i cfhn}c aoni}goac qntjvjmc mn ej omnceckj c mn ej tce}oaj< qonbtvn `j qomc tce}oac y nq}vj}koac)Qo ne nqtjaoc }onin jtjvoniaoj mn in~}vjeomjm n oimognvniaoj gvni}n j q~q aci}niomcq% y tcv nqc tjvnan qnv t~vjbni}ngcvbje y ne nt}cbn mn jfq}vjaaoi vjaocije% nq tvnaoqjbni}n tcvz~n yj `j qomc ca~tjmc y ~qjmc% y yj `j qomc ne gcacmn tvcanqcq tjqjmcq a~yjq `~neejq ic qci qonbtvn nwomni}nq ni ne tjoqjhn) Ne nqtjaoc `j qomc gcvbjmc y bcmnejmctcv nenbni}cq `oq}voacq y ij}~vjenq< tnvc nq}c `j qomc ~i tvcanqc tce}oac) Ne nqtjaoc nq tce}oac n omncekoac) Nq ~itvcm~a}c eo}nvjvojbni}n eenic mn omnceckjq) (Engnfwvn :?;781:/

Qo jmnbq tcmnbcq aciqomnvjv ec tce}oac acbc &ej mobniqoi mne ji}jkcioqbc z~n nqoi`nvni}n j }cmjq ejq qcaonmjmnq `~bjijq& (Bc~ggn :??>8676/% vnq~e}j z~n `jyacigeoa}cq ni ne ~qc mne nqtjaoc) C% ni c}vjq tjejfvjq% ne nqtjaoc nq ~i qo}oc mnaciq}ji}n oi}nvjaaoi y e~a`j ni}vn mcboijaoi y vnqoq}niaoj) Nq}jq e~a`jq nq}igvna~ni}nbni}n jv}oa~ejmjq tcv bcwoboni}cq qcaojenq% z~n `ji qomc omni}ogoajmcq acbcnqtjaocq tvowoenkojmcq tjvj nq}~mojv ecq tvcanqcq mn bnmojaoi ni ne ajbtc mnaciq}v~aaoi mn mnbcavjaojq (Hneoi :?0;/) Wjvojq }ncvjq }vj}ji mn npteoajv ejqgcvbjaocinq% bjiognq}jaocinq y po}cq c gvjajqcq mn bcwoboni}cq qcaojenq) Ecq mcqteji}njboni}cq tvoiaotjenq qci ej ]ncvj mn Bcwoeoxjaoi mn Vna~vqcq (]BV/ y ejTnvqtna}owj mn Omni}omjm Acena}owj (TOA/7) ]BV jijeoxj qcfvn }cmc ecq vna~vqcq%cfhn}owcq% ctcv}~iomjmnq% nq}vj}nkojq y ej cvkjioxjaoi mn bcwoboni}cq qcaojenq% ycfqnvwj ecq tvcanqcq mn ecq bcwoboni}cq ni ne }vjiqa~vvov mne }onbtc) Qn oi}nvnqj

tjv}oa~ejvbni}n tcv ejq oi}nvjaaocinq ni}vn tjv}omcq tce}oacq y bcwoboni}cq qcaojenq%y jijeoxj av}oajbni}n je Nq}jmc acbc oiq}v~bni}c mn vntvnqoi;) Jek~icq mn nq}cqteji}njboni}cq `ji qomc avo}oajmcq tcq}nvocvbni}n qcfvn }cmc tcv q~ aciantaoi mneja}cv oimowom~je ni }vboicq mn ~i qnv vjaocije mngoiomc tcv q~q cfhn}owcq) Nq jz~ z~njijeoq}jq z~n tvctcini ~i nigcz~n qcfvn TOA }vj}ji mn ov bq jee tcionimc igjqoqqcfvn ejq be}otenq gcvbjq ni z~n ecq ja}cvnq qcaojenq avnji y gcvbji q~q omni}omjmnqy jv}oa~eji y mngonimni q~q qceomjvomjmnq0) Ni nq}n teji}njboni}c ecq ja}cvnq ic qcimngoiomcq tcv q~q cfhn}owcq oibnmoj}cq qoic tcv ejq vnejaocinq qcaojenq y ejq mne tcmnvmni}vc mn ejq a~jenq nq}i qo}~jmcq) Q~q omni}omjmnq qci mobniqocinq a~e}~vjenqnptvnqjmjq acbc tvc}nq}j qcaoje) Nq}jq t~nmni }cbjv gcvbjq b~y q~}oenq% y tjv}oa~ejv

igjqoq qn `j t~nq}c% tcv nhnbtec% ni ne }cic y ne qni}oboni}c mn ecq ja}cvnq ni q~tc}niaoje mn obt~eqjv nwni}cq (Qac}} :??4/) B~a`j j}niaoi `ji vnaofomc ni}cianq neenik~jhn y ejq wcanq mn ja}cvnq ni ne tvcanqc mn jv}oa~ejaoi mn bcwoboni}cq qcaojenq)Acbc Bne~aao (:?0?/ ec `j nptvnqjmc8 &Ne bcwoboni}c nq ne bniqjhn&)

Qoi nbfjvkc% b~y tcaj j}niaoi tvnq}ji ]BV y TOA j ejq oi}nvjaaocinq aciavn}jq ni}vn nqtjaocy bcwoboni}cq qcaojenq y j ecq e~kjvnq nqtnagoacq mn mcimn q~vkn ~i bcwoboni}c)Gvna~ni}nbni}n qn tcin igjqoq ni ejq mobniqocinq }nbtcvjenq mne ajbfoc qcaoje% acbc ec `jan
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Xovjlxjmn` (:??;/% tcv nhnbtec% je aciant}~jeoxjv ej oiwnq}okjaoi mn bcwoboni}cq qcaojenq ni}vnq &cejq&% c Bne~aao (:?0?/ z~oni aciqomnvj j ecq bcwoboni}cq aci}nbtcvincq ni }vboicqmn &ibjmjq mne tvnqni}n&) Bcwoboni}cq mn mognvni}nq tjv}nq (y a~e}~vjq/ mne tejin}j nq}ijijeoxjmcq ni q~ aci}np}c }nbtcvje% jmqavofoimcenq ~icq cfhn}owcq acb~inq z~n jv}oa~eji}toajbni}n i~nq}vj tcaj% ~i teji}njboni}c tjv}oa~ejvbni}n g~nv}n `cy &je goije (c je tvoiaotoc/

mne boenioc& (Ajq}neeq :??;/) Nq}c qokiogoaj z~n ej bjycvj mn ecq jieoqoq mn bcwoboni}cqqcaojenq npjboiji qec fvnwnbni}n% y acbc tcac bq z~n oigcvbjaoi oi}vcm~a}cvoj% ecq e~kjvnqtjv}oa~ejvnq mn mcimn q~vkn ~i bcwoboni}c% ji}nq mn aciani}vjv ne jieoqoq &bq qnvoc& qcfvn ejqnq}v~a}~vjq mne bcwoboni}c% q~q cfhn}owcq y ejq gcvbjq ni z~n nq} oiqavo}c ni ecq ajbfocq bqjbteocq mn ej `oq}cvoj kecfje)

Nq}cq nigcz~nq ic"nqtjaojenq `ji qomc avo}oajmcq vnaoni}nbni}n ni jek~icq }vjfjhcq mn TOA z~naciqomnvji omni}omjmnq y e~kjvnq acbc oi}viqoajbni}n woia~ejmcq (Nqacfjv 644:% Cqenimnv644:j% Vc~}enmkn :??;/) Tjvj ni}nimnv ~i bcwoboni}c aciq}v~omc qcfvn ejq fjqnq mn omni}omjmacena}owj }ninbcq z~n ni}nimnv ecq e~kjvnq nqtnagoacq ni ecq z~n qn mnqniw~newn ej jaaoi qcaojemne bcwoboni}c y mcimn nq}jq omni}omjmnq nq}i aciq}v~omjq y jv}oa~ejmjq gqoajbni}n) @jy

a~nq}ocinq aciavn}jq z~n q~vkni mn ejq oi}nvjaaocinq ni}vn ej jaaoi qcaoje mn bcwoboni}cqqcaojenq y e~kjv8 Abc obtja}ji ejq tjv}oa~ejvomjmnq mn ~i e~kjv qcfvn ej kni}n z~n qn cvkjioxjni ~i bcwoboni}c qcaoje% y abc mogoa~e}ji% c je aci}vjvoc% gjaoeo}ji q}jq ej vnjeoxjaoi mnjaaocinq acena}owjq3 @jq}j z~ t~i}c oige~niaoji ej nptnvoniaoj mn wowov ni ~i e~kjvmn}nvboijmc y ecq qni}oboni}cq q~fhn}owcq kninvjmcq tcv neej ej mnaoqoi mn ~i ja}cv qcaoje mnoiwce~avjvqn ni ~i bcwoboni}c qcaoje3 Z~ tjtne h~nkji ejq `oq}cvojq ecajenq mn ~i e~kjv nini}nimnv ejq gcvbjq ni z~n ej kni}n vngenpocij qcfvn q~ tjv}oaotjaoi ni ~i bcwoboni}c qcaoje3Tnvc }jbfoi% abc npteoaji ejq ajvja}nvq}oajq cfhn}owjq bq jbteojq mn ~i e~kjv% acbc necvmni bjavc"tce}oac y naciboac% ej cvkjioxjaoi y jv}oa~ejaoi mn vnqoq}niaoj ni nq}n e~kjv3A~enq qci ejq obteoajaocinq mn ~i bnmoc jbfoni}n tjv}oa~ejv tjvj ecq tvcanqcq cvkjioxj}owcq3Z~oninq avnni niaci}vjv &vnqt~nq}jq cfwojq& j nq}jq tvnk~i}jq acbn}ni ne nvvcv ji}nvocvbni}njijeoxjmc mn wnv nqtjaoc y e~kjv acbc bnvcq aci}np}cq mni}vc mn a~jenq qn mnqjvvceej ~iacigeoa}c mn}nvboijmc) Ec z~n }vj}c mn bcq}vjv jz~ nq z~n nqtjaoc y e~kjv qcinenbni}cq aciq}o}~}owcq mn ejq gcvbjq nqtnagoajq ni z~n qn mnqjvvceej ~i acigeoa}c mjmc) Qcitvnaoqjbni}n nq}cq obtja}cq aciavn}cq mn nqtjaoc y e~kjv ni ej gcvbjaoi y ne jkniaojboni}c mnbcwoboni}cq qcaojenq z~n qn }vj}j mn }ncvoxjv aci ne aciant}c mn &nqtjaojeomjm mn vnqoq}niaoj&)

Ni ne ajqc mn bcwoboni}cq qcaojenq z~n bcwoeoxji jevnmnmcv mn ej mngniqj mn q~q}nvvo}cvojeomjmnq% tcv nhnbtec% nq ne nqtjaoc bj}nvoje y gqoac z~n nq} je ani}vc mn q~q ja}owomjmnq)Qoi nbfjvkc% q~ e~a`j tcv ej }onvvj nq je boqbc }onbtc ~ij e~a`j tcv ne nqtjaoc y q~qoi}nvtvn}jaocinq y vntvnqni}jaocinq) Acbc wcy j bcq}vjv bq jmneji}n% ni ne ajqc mnebcwoboni}c qcaoje mn acb~iomjmnq inkvjq ni ne Tjagoac acecbfojic z~n qn mngoin acbc ~ijcvkjioxjaoi }ioac"}nvvo}cvoje% ej e~a`j tcv ne }nvvo}cvoc nq} npteao}jbni}n woia~ejmj j ~ij vn"oi}nvtvn}jaoi mne nqtjaoc y q~ qokiogoajmc tjvj ecq ja}cvnq ecajenq) Mn `na`c% ne &e~kjv& Tjagoacacecbfojic qn w~newn ne ani}vc mn e~a`jq qcfvn vntvnqni}jaocinq mne nqtjaoc)

Ni nq}n jqtna}c ne }vjfjhc mn Engnfwvn (:??:/ qcfvn ej tvcm~aaoi mne nqtjaoc fvoimj~i bjvac }nvoac obtcv}ji}n mni}vc mne a~je tcmnbcq }vj}jv mn janvajvicq j nq}ntvcyna}c mn nqtjaojeoxjv vnqoq}niaojq)?Engnfwvn omni}ogoaj}vnq &bcbni}cq& oi}nvacina}jmcq ni ej tvcm~aaoi mne nqtjaoc8 :/ tva}oajq nqtjaojenq


5/20

6/ vntvnqni}jaocinq mne nqtjaoc< y 1/ nqtjaocq mn vntvnqni}jaoi) Ejq tva}oajqnqtjaojenq qn vngonvni j ejq gcvbjq ni z~n icqc}vcq kninvjbcq% ~}oeoxjbcq ytnvaofobcq ne nqtjaoc) Tcv ~i ejmc `ji ngna}~jmc ecq tvcanqcq mn acbcmogoajaoi yf~vcavj}oxjaoi mn ej womj ac}omojij% ~i gnibnic qoi}cb}oac y aciq}o}~}owc mn ejbcmnviomjm aci z~n qn `j acecioxjmc ~i ji}ok~c n `oq}voajbni}nqnmobni}jmc &nqtjaoc aciavn}c&% jvk~bni}c tvnqni}jmc }jbfoi tcv @jfnvbjq (:?0;/z~n vngonvn j nq}cq tvcanqcq acbc &acecioxjaoi mne b~imc"womj&) Tcv ne c}vc ejmcnq}jq tva}oajq nqtjaojenq nq}i jqcaojmjq aci ejq nptnvoniaojq mn ej womj ac}omojij yejq bnbcvojq acena}owjq mn gcvbjq mn womj mognvni}nq% bq tnvqcijenq n i}objq) Tcvnqc eenwji }jbfoi ~i tc}niaoje tjvj vnqoq}ov ej acecioxjaoi mn ecq nqtjaocq aciavn}cq)

Ejq vntvnqni}jaocinq mne nqtjaoc qn vngonvni j ecq nqtjaocq acianfomcq y mnvowjmcq mn~ij ekoaj tjv}oa~ejv y mn qjfnvnq }aioacq y vjaocijenq% &~i nqtjaoc aciant}~jeoxjmc%ne nqtjaoc mn aoni}goacq% ~vfjioq}jq% }naiavj}jq n oiknionvcq qcaojenq& (Engnfwvn:??:810/) Nq}cq qjfnvnq nq}i woia~ejmcq aci ejq oiq}o}~aocinq mne tcmnv mcboiji}n yaci ejq vntvnqni}jaocinq icvbjeoxjmjq kninvjmjq tcv ~ij &ekoaj mnwoq~jeoxjaoi& `nknbioaj) Nq}i vntvnqni}jmcq acbc &nqtjaocq enkofenq&% acbc tcvnhnbtec ni bjtjq% nq}jmq}oajq% n}a) Tvcm~ani woqocinq y vntvnqni}jaocinqicvbjeoxjmjq tvnqni}nq ni ejq nq}v~a}~vjq nq}j}jenq% ni ej nacicbj% y ni ej qcaonmjmaowoe) Nq}j enkofoeomjm tvcm~an ngna}owjbni}n ~ij qobteogoajaoi mne nqtjaoc% acbc qoqn }vj}jvj mn ~ij q~tnvgoaon }vjiqtjvni}n) Mn nq}j bjinvj qn tvcm~an ~ij woqoitjv}oa~ejv icvbjeoxjmj z~n okicvj j e~a`jq% jbfoknmjmnq% y c}vjq gcvbjq mn wnv%tnvaofov n objkoijv ne b~imc) Nqc ic z~onvn mnaov z~n nq}jq vnejaocinq qci inanqjvojq)Mn `na`c% npoq}ni be}otenq gcvbjq mn mnqjgcq y vn"jtvctojaocinq mne nqtjaoc tcv ecqja}cvnq qcaojenq) Qoi nbfjvkc% ec z~n `jan nq}j aciant}~jeoxjaoi mn vntvnqni}jaocinqmn nqtjaoc b~y obtcv}ji}n `cy ni mj% nq ej obtcv}jiaoj avnaoni}n mn gcvbjqmcboiji}nq mn nq}j ekoaj mn woq~jeoxjaoi y ejq vnejaocinq mn tcmnv#qjfnv z~n ejvntvcm~ani y qci vntvcm~aomjq tcv neej) Ne ~qc avnaoni}n mn ejq }naiceckjq mnoigcvbjaoi y mn ejq i~nwjq gcvbjq mn bcmnejv moiboajbni}n ej womj qcaoje% acbctcv nhnbtec ni ecq qoq}nbjq mn oigcvbjaoi knckvgoaj (QOK/% qci c}vc oimoajmcv mn ejmcboijaoi avnaoni}n mn vntvnqni}jaocinq mne nqtjaoc) Q~ ngna}c nq ~ic mn jfq}vjaaoiy mnacvtcvnjeoxjaoi mne nqtjaoc% qonbtvn jtcyjmc tcv jvk~bni}cq aoni}goacq yjtnenq j ~ij &wnvmjmnvj& vntvnqni}jaoi) Jq `j q~vkomc ~i &nqtjaoc jfq}vja}c& ni z~n&acqjq% nwni}cq y qo}~jaocinq nq}i q~q}o}~omcq tcv qonbtvn tcv vntvnqni}jaocinq&

(Engnfwvn :??:81::/) Nq}n nqtjaoc jfq}vja}c nq tvnaoqjbni}n &ne nqtjaoc mneajto}jeoqbc aci}nbtcvinc& (Kvnkcvy :??=8174/% ni z~n ej eny mne oi}nvajbfoc mnacbcmomjmnq acbc vjxi naciboaj mcboiji}n mne ajto}jeoqbc bcmnvic icq `jeenwjmc j ~ij acbcmogoajaoi avnaoni}n mn ej womj qcaoje:4) Qoi nbfjvkc% ni wnx mnaciq}o}~ov ~i nqtjaoc `cbckinc y anvvjmc% ne nqtjaoc jfq}vja}c boqbc nq ~i qo}oc mne~a`j y vnqoq}niaoj ni a~yc }nvvnic qn jv}oa~eji ejq aci}vjmoaaocinq qcaoc"tce}oajq(Engnfwvn :??:817>/) Moan Engnfwvn z~n nq}jq aci}vjmoaaocinq vnq~e}jvi goijebni}n
http://www.ub.es/geocrit/WINDOWS/Escritorio/Scripta%20Nova%20-%20v.%20previas/oslender.htm#_ftn10http://www.ub.es/geocrit/WINDOWS/Escritorio/Scripta%20Nova%20-%20v.%20previas/oslender.htm#_ftn10http://www.ub.es/geocrit/WINDOWS/Escritorio/Scripta%20Nova%20-%20v.%20previas/oslender.htm#_ftn10http://www.ub.es/geocrit/WINDOWS/Escritorio/Scripta%20Nova%20-%20v.%20previas/oslender.htm#_ftn10


6/20

ni ~i nqtjaoc i~nwc% ~i &nqtjaoc mognvniaojmc&% t~nq &ni ej bnmomj z~n ne nqtjaocjfq}vja}c }onimn `jaoj ej `cbckninoxjaoi% `jaoj ej neoboijaoi mn mognvniaojq ctna~eojvomjmnq npoq}ni}nq% ~i i~nwc nqtjaoc qcejbni}n t~nmn ijanv qo jani}jmognvniaojq& (Engnfwvn :??:8>6/) Qn t~nmn jvk~bni}jv z~n nq}c nq tvnaoqjbni}n ecz~n nq}jbcq wonimc `cy ni mj% ~ij tvceognvjaoi mn nqtjaocq mognvniaojmcq acbcvnq~e}jmc mn ejq aci}vjmoaaocinq mne nqtjaoc jfq}vja}c) Ejq tce}oajq mn omni}omjm z~nbcwoeoxji jevnmnmcv mn jq~i}cq mn aejqn% vjxj% n}ioaomjm% kinvc% qnp~jeomjm% n}a) `jiacim~aomc j ~ij jani}~jaoi mn mognvniaojq y tna~eojvomjmnq jv}oa~ejmjq ni be}otenqvnqoq}niaojq y mnqjgcq j vntvnqni}jaocinq mcboiji}nq mn nqtjaoc) Jq z~n ejqaci}vjmoaaocinq mne nqtjaoc jfq}vja}c acim~ani j ~ij &fqz~nmj tcv ~i aci}vj"nqtjaoc& (Engnfwvn :??:8101/% ~i nqtjaoc mognvniaojmc% jv}oa~ejmc ni ejqb~e}oteoaomjmnq mn vnqoq}niaojq acbc ~ij tce}oaj aciavn}j mne nqtjaoc::)

Engnfwvn qo}j nq}jq vnqoq}niaojq ni ecq nqtjaocq mn vntvnqni}jaoi) Nq}cq qci ecqnqtjaocq wowomcq z~n vntvnqni}ji gcvbjq mn acicaoboni}cq ecajenq y bnicq gcvbjenq/ tjvnan }ninv ni a~ni}j ni q~ eejbjmj

`jaoj ~ij &ji}vctceckj mn ej bcmnviomjm&) Jteoajimc nq}n aciant}c tjvj ne ajqc mn ej acq}jTjagoaj acecbfojij% Nqacfjv y Tnmvcqj nqavofni8

Mnqmn neej% icq oi}nvnqj jijeoxjv ecq bnajioqbcq aciavn}cq tcv bnmoc mn ecq a~jenq qn f~qaj oi}nkvjv ej vnkoi mneTjagoac j ej bcmnviomjm mne tjq) Jq% tvca~vjbcq ~ij n}ickvjgj mn ejq tva}oajq mn jz~neecq ja}cvnq qcaojenq z~nvntvnqni}ji ej jwjixjmj mn ej bcmnviomjm ni ne Eo}cvje8 tejiogoajmcvnq mne mnqjvvceec% ajto}jeoq}jq% foeckcq ynaeckcq% nptnv}cq mn }cmc }otc y% goijebni}n% ja}owoq}jq mn ecq bcwoboni}cq qcaojenq% acbc jkni}nq mntcqofenq bcmnviomjmnq je}nvij}owjq) (Nqacfjv ' Tnmvcqj :??78:4< bo igjqoq/
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7/20

Nq}jq tcqofenq &bcmnviomjmnq je}nvij}owjq& qnvji ne tvcm~a}c mn ej fqz~nmj tcv ~i aci}vj"nqtjaoc% vnq~e}jmc mn ej vnejaoi mojea}oaj ni}vn vntvnqni}jaocinq mne nqtjaoc y nqtjaocq mnvntvnqni}jaoi% acbc ji}nq bniaocijmc% ni z~n ecq bcwoboni}cq qcaojenq }vj}ji mn jv}oa~ejv ejqinanqomjmnq mne b~imc"womj gvni}n j vntvnqni}jaocinq mcboiji}nq mn q~ nqtjaoc) _ nq}jqbcmnviomjmnq je}nvij}owjq inanqo}ji qnv tniqjmjq mnqmn ~i e~kjv nqtnagoac j a~je y j a~yj kni}n

qn vngonvn aciq}ji}nbni}n y mnqmn ne a~je qn cvkjioxj ej bcwoeoxjaoi ni mngniqj mne e~kjv8 Ej tva}oaj qcaoje nq jke~}oijmj je e~kjv &tejan"fc~im&% ej cvkjioxjaoi tce}oaj vnz~onvn cvkjioxjaoi mn e~kjv) \)))RJe boqbc }onbtc% e~kjv nq bq z~n ej qobten womj ac}omojij wowomj) Nq ne &bcbni}c& ni z~n ec acianfomc% ectnvaofomc y ec wowomc jmz~onvni ~ij aonv}j &ac`nvniaoj nq}v~a}~vjmj&) (Bnvvogonem :??18>6>/

Jq z~n ne e~kjv aci}np}~jeoxj y jvvjokj j ejq aciant}~jeoxjaocinq engnfwvojijq (ec acianfomc%tnvaofomc% wowomc/) ^ij tnvqtna}owj mn e~kjv qcfvn bcwoboni}cq qcaojenq% acbc tvct~nq}j ni nq}njv}a~ec% nq ni}cianq ic qcejbni}n ~i janvajboni}c inanqjvoc j nptvnqocinq mn vnqoq}niaoj jeiowne nbtvoac% qoic }onin z~n qnv mnqjvvceejmj }jbfoi je iowne }nvoac je aciant}~jeoxjv yjvvjokjv j ejq }ncvjq mn bcwoboni}cq qcaojenq ni ne aciant}c mn e~kjv)

Bcwoboni}cq qcaojenq mnqmn ~ij tnvqtna}owj mn e~kjv

Tjvj mnqni}vjbjv ne aciant}c mn e~kjv je iowne }nvoac% wcy j vngnvovbn j Jkin{(:?0;/ z~n% je ok~je z~n Ni}voloi (:??:/% tcin igjqoq ni ejq ajeomjmnq cfhn}owjq yq~fhn}owjq mn e~kjv qoi ajnv ni ~i q~fhn}owoqbc jvfo}vjvoc) Ne aciant}c mn e~kjv mnJkin{ qn aciq}o}~yn mn }vnq nenbni}cq8 :/ ecajeomjm% 6/ ~foajaoi% y 1/ qni}omc mne~kjv) Ni ec bq kninvje% ecajeomjmvngonvn j ecq bjvacq gcvbjenq n oigcvbjenq mni}vcmn a~jenq nq}i aciq}o}~omjq ejq oi}nvjaaocinq qcaojenq ac}omojijq:1) Ecajeomjm qn vngonvnic qec j ecq nqanijvocq gqoacq mni}vc mn ecq z~n ca~vvn ej oi}nvjaaoi qcaoje% qoicobteoaj }jbfoi z~n nq}cq nqanijvocq y aci}np}cq nq}i aciavn}jbni}n ~}oeoxjmcq mnbjinvj v~}oijvoj tcv ecq ja}cvnq qcaojenq ni q~q oi}nvjaaocinq y acb~ioajaocinqac}omojijq) Mn nq}j bjinvj qn mnhji omni}ogoajv aonv}jq ecajeomjmnq acbc nqanijvocqgqoacq jqcaojmcq aci ejq oi}nvjaaocinq }toajq a~jenq acbtcini ejq acena}owomjmnqacbc qoq}nbjq qcaojenq) Acbc wcy j bcq}vjv bq jmneji}n% ej ecajeomjm &}toaj& mn ejqacb~iomjmnq inkvjq v~vjenq ni ne Tjagoac acecbfojic nq ne &nqtjaoc ja~}oac& acbcnqanijvoc y aci}np}c v~}oijvoc ni z~n qn mnqjvvceeji ejq gcvbjq mn oi}nvjaaoiac}omojij mn moa`jq acb~iomjmnq)

^foajaoi qn t~nmn mngoiov acbc ne nqtjaoc knckvgoac aciavn}c z~n oiae~yn ej ecajeomjmz~nnq} jgna}jmj tcv tvcanqcq naciboacq y tce}oacq z~n ctnvji j nqajejq bq jbteojq ni ecvnkocije% ec ijaocije y ec kecfje) ^foajaoi `jan igjqoq ni ne obtja}c mn ~i cvmni bjavc"naciboac y tce}oac ni ~ij vnkoi% y ni ejq gcvbjq ni z~n neej nq} qo}~jmj% tcv nhnbtec% mni}vcmn ~i tvcanqc mne mnqjvvceec mnqok~je je iowne kecfje) Ne }nvanv nenbni}c ni ne aciant}c mn e~kjvnq ne qni}omc mn e~kjv% c ej &nq}v~a}~vj mn qni}oboni}c& ecaje% tjvj jmct}jv ej nptvnqoi mn
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Vjybcim [oeeojbq (:?;;8:60":1>/) ]vj}j mn nptvnqjv ej cvoni}jaoi q~fhn}owj z~n qn mnvowj mnewowov ni ~i e~kjv tjv}oa~ejv% je z~n oimowom~cq y acb~iomjmnq mnqjvvceeji tvcg~imcq qni}oboni}cqmn jtnkc j }vjwq mn q~q nptnvoniaojq y bnbcvojq) Ne aciant}c mn qni}omc mn e~kjv `j qomc ani}vjeni ej knckvjgj `~bjiq}oaj y tvct~nq}jq gnicbnicekoajq z~n `ji vnqje}jmc &ej ij}~vjenxjmojekoaj mn ej vnejaoi mn ej kni}n aci ~i e~kjv& (F~}}obnv :?;7860=/ y ejq gcvbjq tc}oajq ni

z~n ej kni}n aciq}v~yn j nqtjaoc% e~kjv y }onbtc (Fja`nejvm :?>0/) Ne qni}omc mn e~kjv nptvnqjni}cianq ne qni}omc mn tnv}niniaoj j e~kjvnq tjv}oa~ejvnq n oiqnv}n ~ij g~nv}n cvoni}jaoi q~fhn}owjje aciant}c mn e~kjv boqbc)

Qoi nbfjvkc% qnvj nz~owcajmc wnv j ecq }vnq acbtcini}nq mn e~kjv acbc qntjvjmcq)Bq foni ja}ji acbc bcbni}cq ge~omcq a~yjq oi}nvjaaocinq qn oige~niaoji y gcvbjini}vn q) Nq tvnaoqjbni}n nq}j ge~omnx ej z~n mj je aciant}c mn e~kjv q~ g~nvxjjije}oaj) î qni}omc mn e~kjvtjv}oa~ejv bcmnej ejq vnejaocinq qcaojenq n oi}nvjaaocinqmn ej ecajeomjm(y woanwnvqj/% y jbfcq nenbni}cq nq}i oige~niaojmcq tcv ejqnq}v~a}~vjq tce}oajq y naciboajq bq jbteojq y ejq gcvbjq ni z~n q}jq nq}iwoqofenbni}n nptvnqjmjq y bjiognq}jmjq ni ~foajaoi:=) Ani}vje ni nq}n aciant}c mne~kjv nq ne igjqoq qcfvn ejq q~fhn}owomjmnq y gcvbjq oimowom~jenq y acena}owjq mntnvantaocinq mn ej womj qcaoje) Mni}vc mn ej oiwnq}okjaoi mn bcwoboni}cq qcaojenq% neoi}nvq tcv ejq q~fhn}owomjmnq `j qomc nptvnqjmc qcfvn }cmc ni ej tnvqtna}owj mnomni}omjm acena}owj (TOA/% z~n tcin igjqoq ni ej vntvcm~aaoi a~e}~vje y ne aci}vce mnòq}cvoaomjm (]c~vjoin :?00/:>) Ecq bcwoboni}cq qcaojenq mnfni ni}nimnvqn niacih~iaoi aci ejq vnmnq a~e}~vjenq q~bnvkomjq mn ej womj ac}omojij mn ej a~je nbnvkni(Bne~aao :?0?/) _ tvnaoqjbni}n tcvz~n ejq omni}omjmnq qci nqtnagoajq mn ~i e~kjv%mnfnbcq ni}nimnvejq acbc aciq}o}~omjq tcv ecq }vnq nenbni}cq mn ecajeomjm% ~foajaoiy qni}omc mn e~kjv) Tjvj aci}np}~jeoxjv ne mnfj}n }nvoac acim~aomc `jq}j ne bcbni}c%

wcy j oe~q}vjv j`cvj abc ni ne ajqc mne bcwoboni}c qcaoje mn acb~iomjmnq inkvjq niAcecbfoj aonv}jq gcvbjq y jqcaojaocinq aciavn}jq mn bcwoeoxjaoi qcaoje qn mnhjinpteoajv aci ~ij tnvqtna}owj mn e~kjv)

Nqtjaoc y e~kjv ni ne Tjagoac acecbfojic

Ej ~foajaoi mne Tjagoac acecbfojic vngonvn j ej xcij knckvgoaj y ejq be}otenqgcvbjq ni z~n ecq gja}cvnq naciboacq% tce}oacq y qcaojenq nq}i oiqavo}cq ni netjoqjhn) Ej acq}j mne Tjagoac acecbfojic qn np}onimn mnqmn ej gvci}nvj aci Tjijb`jq}j Na~jmcv tcv ~icq :)144 loebn}vcq y mnqmn ej gvjihj acq}nvj ni}vn 04 y :74loebn}vcq `jaoj ne tonmnbci}n mn ej acvmoeenvj caaomni}je) î vnj mn jevnmnmcv mn :4boeecinq mn `na}vnjq a~fonv}j mn fcqz~n }vctoaje% nq} ajvja}nvoxjmj tcv b~y je}cqiownenq mn tvnaoto}jaoi y ~ij np~fnvji}n focmownvqomjm) Ne fcqz~n nq} tnin}vjmc tcv~ij vnm np}niqj y ejfnvi}oaj mn vcq z~n qnvtni}nji mnqmn ejq wnv}oni}nq mn ejAcvmoeenvj caaomni}je `jq}j ne Cajic Tjagoac) Ej vnkoi nq} tcfejmj `cy tcv ~icq
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9/20

:%1: boeecinq mn `jfo}ji}nq% ~i =. mn ej tcfejaoi }c}je mn Acecbfoj (MIT :??0/) Mnnq}cq% ~i ?4. qci jgvcacecbfojicq% jevnmnmcv mn >. tnv}ninani j mownvqcq kv~tcq}ioacq mn oimknijq% y ~icq >. qci bnq}oxcq mne oi}nvocv mne tjq:7) Ej kni}n inkvj nine tjq qci mnqanimoni}nq mn nqaejwoxjmcq z~n g~nvci qna~nq}vjmcq mnqmn gvoaj tjvj}vjfjhjv ni ejq boijq mn cvc ni ne Tjagoac acecbfojic jq z~n ni ejq kvjimnq`jaonimjq ni ne tjq (Mne Ajq}oeec :?06% Q`jvt :?;7/)

Ej qo}~jaoi qcaoc"tce}oaj mne Tjagoac acecbfojic `j qomc jijeoxjmj ni }vboicq mnbjvkoijeoxjaoi mne &eo}cvje vnaimo}c& (_ja~t :?1=/ mnfomc j ej mogoa~e}jm mn jaanqc mnqmn neoi}nvocv mne tjq y j tce}oajq nq}j}jenq mn jfjimcic mn ej vnkoi) Nq}jq tce}oajq nbtnxjvci jajbfojv ni ecq jcq :?04 aci ej gcvb~ejaoi mn ~i tejic ani}vje mn mnqjvvceec (MIT :?01/%fjqjmc ni ej aciq}v~aaoi mn ~ij oigvjnq}v~a}~vj% jek~icq qnvwoaocq qcaojenq y tvckvjbjq mnmnqjvvceec jkvacej mn nqajej tnz~nj) Acbc vnq~e}jmc mn ej jant}jaoi mn ~i bcmnec naciboacinceofnvje y ej aciqok~oni}n tce}oaj mn &jtnv}~vj&% ni :??6 qn oij~k~v ~i teji mn mnqjvvceec bqjbfoaocqc% ne Teji Tjagoac (MIT :??6/ z~n nq} wokni}n `jq}j `cy aci ~ij goijiaojaoiqokiogoaji}n mne Fjiac B~imoje) Bq vnaoni}nbni}n g~n ejixjmc ne Tvcyna}c Foctjagoac z~nvngenhj ecq i~nwcq oi}nvnqnq mne ajto}jeoqbc kecfje ni ej aciqnvwjaoi mn ej focmownvqomjm ajqoenknimjvoj mne Tjagoac acecbfojic (KNG#TI^M :??1% Tvcyna}c Foctjagoac :??0/%nqtnaojebni}n aci bovjmj `jaoj ecq vna~vqcq ij}~vjenq y q~ tc}niaoje ~qc gjvbja~}oac (Nqacfjv:??;/) Nq}jq vntvnqni}jaocinq mne nqtjaoc mne Tjagoac acecbfojic ni }vboicq mn q~ tc}niaojetjvj ne mnqjvvceec mne vnq}c mne tjq `ji qomc tvcm~aomjq g~nvj mn ej vnkoi% y b~y tcac qn `j}niomc ni a~ni}j j ejq inanqomjmnq mn ej tcfejaoi ni ej acq}j Tjagoaj y j q~q nqtjaocq mnvntvnqni}jaoi) Ic qcvtvnimn ni}cianq z~n b~a`cq mn ecq tvcyna}cq nq}j}jenq `ji j}vjmcvnqoq}niaoj mn ejq acb~iomjmnq ecajenq)

Nq}j vnqoq}niaoj nbtnx j cvkjioxjvqn mnqmn ej qnk~imj bo}jm mn ecq jcq 04% tvobnvc

ni jek~ijq vnjq acbc e~a`jq mn ajbtnqoicq tcv ne jaanqc y aci}vce qcfvn q~q}onvvjq%:;y mnqt~q aci ~ij enkoqejaoi kninvjebni}n gjwcvjfen j tjv}ov mn ej i~nwjaciq}o}~aoi acecbfojij mne :??: acbc cvkjioxjaocinq &}ioac"}nvvo}cvojenq& z~nmngonimni q~q mnvna`cq j ~ij mognvniaoj a~e}~vje acbc movna}jbni}n woia~ejmcq jeaci}vce qcfvn q~q }nvvo}cvocq) Ej i~nwj aciq}o}~aoi mne :??: mnaejv ej ijaoiacecbfojij acbc b~e}oa~e}~vje y te~vo}ioaj% vnacicaonimc tcv tvobnvj wnx j ejqtcfejaocinq inkvjq acbc kv~tc }ioac) Ni ne Jv}a~ec ]vjiqo}cvoc >> (J]">>/ qn jfvotjqc j ej Eny ;4% vj}ogoajmj ni jkcq}c :??1% z~n c}cvkj mnvna`cq }nvvo}cvojenqacena}owcq j ejq acb~iomjmnq inkvjq z~n `ji wniomc ca~tjimc ejq }onvvjq fjemjq niejq xcijq v~vjenq vofnvnjq mn ecq vcq mn ej A~niaj mne Tjagoac) Tcv q~t~nq}c nq}c ic

g~n ~i qobten ja}c goeji}vtoac mn tjv}n mne kcfonvic) Bq foni ejq acb~iomjmnqinkvjq v~vjenq mn ej acq}j Tjagoaj nq}i aciqomnvjmjq h~i}c aci ejq acb~iomjmnqoimknijq mn nq}j vnkoi acbc ecq &k~jvmojinq& mn ecq fcqz~nq }vctoajenq%vnqtciqjfenq tcv ej tvc}naaoi mne bnmoc jbfoni}n y mn ej yj ajqoenknimjvoj&bnkjfocmownvqomjm& mn ej acq}j Tjagoaj:0) Nq} nbnvkonimc ni ej vnkoi~ij avnaoni}n aciaoniaoj mn omni}omjm tce}oaj% cvkjioxjmj y accvmoijmj tcvbcwoboni}cq qcaojenq z~n `ji avnjmc y np}nimomc nq}cq i~nwcq nqtjaocq tce}oacq ni
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10/20

inkcaojaocinq aci ne kcfonvic) Neecq jv}oa~eji q~q nqtjaocq mn vntvnqni}jaoi% voacqni qobfceoqbcq% qokiogoajmcq y acicaoboni}cq ecajenq% y mnqjgji jejq vntvnqni}jaocinq mne nqtjaoc mcboiji}nq% z~n `ji tvcm~aomc ne Tjagoac acbc~i nqtjaoc enkofen `cbckinc j }vjwq mn ~ij ekoaj mn woq~jeoxjaoi `nknbioaj%nptvnqjmj bj}nvoje y moqa~vqowjbni}n ni ej obtenbni}jaoi mn ecq wjvocq tvcyna}cq mnmnqjvvceec tjvj ej vnkoi) Ecq bcwoboni}cq qcaojenq vnqoq}ni nq}j `cbcknioxjaoi mneTjagoac acbc ~i nqtjaoc jfq}vja}c mn bnvajmnvjq% avnjimc ~i nqtjaocmognvniaoje z~n mngonimni a~e}~vje y tce}oajbni}n) Ej ~foajaoi mne Tjagoacacecbfojic nq ni}cianq ~ij mn knckvjgjq% nacicbjq% y tce}oajq ajbfoji}nq%vngenhjimc je boqbc }onbtc ecq tvcanqcq kecfjenq mne vn"nq}v~a}~vjboni}c mneajto}jeoqbc jq acbc ejq vnqoq}niaojq je iowne ecaje) Nq}jq vnqoq}niaojq yj ic qciqcejbni}n vnqt~nq}jq j acigeoa}cq ecajenq mn nqtna~ejaocinq }nvvo}cvojenq yjtvctojaocinq mn vna~vqcq ij}~vjenq tcv tjv}n mn kvjimnq nbtvnqjq% qoic j`cvj }jbfoij mnaoqocinq mne kcfonvic ijaocije mn jfvov ej vnkoi tjvj i~nwjq vnejaocinq kecfjenq ymngoiovej ni i~nwcq nqtjaocq mn vntvnqni}jaoi qok~onimc bcmnecq kecfjenqmn &mnqjvvceec qcq}niofen& y &tvnqnvwjaoi mn focmownvqomjm&) Tjvj nptecvjv ejqnptvnqocinq aciavn}jq mn nq}jq vnqoq}niaojq y ne obtja}c aciq}o}~}owc z~n }onini nineejq ne nqtjaoc y e~kjv% vna~vvobcq j`cvj j ejq oi}nvvnejaocinq qcaojenq z~n qn ja}jini ej vnkoi% aciant}~jeoxjmjq ni ne aciant}c mn ecajeomjm)

Ani}vje tjvj ni}nimnv ne aciant}c mn ecajeomjmni ne Tjagoac acecbfojic nq ej icaoimne &nqtjaoc ja~}oac& (Cqenimnv 644:j/) Aci nq}n }vboic bn vngonvc j ejq gcvbjq nqtnagoajq niz~n nenbni}cq&ja~}oacq& acbc ecq je}cq iownenq mn te~wocqomjm% ecq obtja}cq mn ejq bjvnjq% ejqvnmnq ejfnvi}oajq mn vcq y bjikejvnq% y ejq oi~imjaocinq gvna~ni}nq% ni}vn c}vcq% `ji g~nv}nbni}noige~niaojmc ejq gcvbjq mn womj ac}omojij) Nq}jq gcvbjq nq}i woqofenq% tcv nhnbtec% ni ej

aciq}v~aaoi mn ejq ajqjq v~vjenq qcfvn toec}nq mn bjmnvj tjvj tvnwniov oi~imjaocinq mn ejwowonimj) Tcv ne c}vc ejmc% ne aoaec mn ejq bjvnjq }onin ~i obtja}c aciqomnvjfen ni ajqo }cmjq ejqbjiognq}jaocinq mn ej womj mojvoj) Aci ~ij wjvojaoi ni ne iowne mn jk~j mn `jq}j =%> bn}vcq% ejbjvnj je}j gjaoeo}j ej ijwnkjaoi q~fonimc ecq vcq ni tc}voeec% ne bnmoc mn }vjiqtcv}n }vjmoaocije%y nq ne vna~vqc obtvnqaoimofen ni ecq nq}nvcq tjvj a~jez~onv nbfjvajaoi% mjmc z~n ecq ajcq qnqnaji aci ej bjvnj fjhj% y ni}cianq io tnz~njq nbfjvajaocinq t~nmni tjqjv)

Ne vc nq jmnbq ne nqtjaoc qcaoje mn oi}nvjaaoi ac}omojij mcimn ej kni}n wonin j fjjvqn% ejqb~hnvnq ejwji ej vctj y ecq iocq h~nkji) Nq}jq ja}owomjmnq qci mn ~ij ij}~vjenxj ajqo vo}~je ynq}i jacbtjjmjq tcv ajvajhjmjq% h~nkcq y ne gjbcqc fca`oia`n% ecq a`oqbnq z~n `jani vnv j~icq y mnqnqtnvjv j c}vcq) Nq}n nqanijvoc% j~i mn nptvnqoi mojvoj% nq ec bq nwomni}n ni ecq mjq

mn bnvajmc a~jimc eenkji nbfjvajaocinq kvjimnq y tnz~njq mn anvaj y enhcq je bnvajmc icqec tjvj acbtvjv tvcm~a}cq tnvc }jbfoi tjvj oi}nvajbfojv oigcvbjaoi y &na`jv a~ni}cq&) Nebnvajmc nq% nqtnaojebni}n tjvj `jfo}ji}nq mn acb~iomjmnq bq jenhjmjq y vnbc}jq%gvna~ni}nbni}n ej ioaj g~ni}n mn oigcvbjaoi y bnmoc mn acb~ioajaoi) Bq obtcv}ji}n z~n nine nq}voa}c qni}omc tva}oac% ne vc qn w~newn ne nqtjaoc qcaojetnv qnmn oi}nvjaaocinq `~bjijqac}omojijq y ne vngnvni}n qobfeoac mn ej omni}omjm mn ej kni}n y mn ecq kv~tcq z~n qn `jijqni}jmc ni q~q cvoeejq) Ne vc acvvn jmnbq tcv ejq objkoijaocinq mn ejq acb~iomjmnq inkvjq yqn wn vngenhjmc ni ejq be}otenq gcvbjq moqa~vqowjq ni z~n neejq qn vngonvni j q~ ni}cvic y q~


11/20

b~imc% jmz~ovonimc ne vc jq ~i tjtne ani}vje ni ecq tvcanqcq mn omni}ogoajaoi acena}owj(Cqenimnv :???% Vnq}vntc :??7/) Acbc ne knkvjgc icv}njbnvoajic Vcfnv} [nq} yj ic} ni:?>;8

Ej kni}n mn ~i mn}nvboijmc vc qn aciqomnvj acbc acb~iomjm) \)))R Ecq inkvcq ))) `jfeji mn &i~nq}vc vc&% cbniaociji% tcv nhnbtec% z~n &qcbcq mne vc K~jto&% c &qcbcq k~jtoqncq&qoa% oimoajimc q~ jtnkc qcaoje j ~i vcnqtnagoac) ([nq} :?>;800/

Ej omni}ogoajaoi vofnvnj y ne nqtjaoc ja~}oac nq}i mn nq}j bjinvj tvcg~imjbni}n oiqavo}cq nine qni}omc mn e~kjvni ne Tjagoac acecbfojic y `ji aciq}v~omc ec z~n `n mnicboijmc~ij &nq}v~a}~vj ja~}oaj mn qni}oboni}c& (Cqenimnv 644:j/)

Nq}jq vnejaocinq qcaojenq nqtjaojeoxjmjq mn acb~iomjmnq inkvjq v~vjenq j ec ejvkc mn ecq vcq y mnejq a~niajq ge~wojenq j`cvj h~nkji ~i tjtne obtcv}ji}n ni ecq i~nwcq aci}np}cq tce}oacq mncvkjioxjaoi y bcwoeoxjaoi) Mn `na`c% qn t~nmn jgovbjv z~n ne nqtjaoc ja~}oac aciq}o}~yn ~ijmn ejq tvn"acimoaocinq nqtjaojenq tjvj ej cvkjioxjaoi tce}oaj ni ne Tjagoac acecbfojic) Qoiz~nvnv ni}vjv ni mn}jeen ni nq}cq acbtenhcq tvcanqcq tce}oacq% tcmnbcq qoi nbfjvkc jgovbjv z~n

ej kvji bjycvj mn acb~iomjmnq inkvjq qn `j cvkjioxjmc ni aciqnhcq acb~io}jvocq% jqcaojaoitce}oaj acb~io}jvoj oi}vcm~aomj tcv ej Eny ;4% j ec ejvkc mn ejq a~niajq ge~wojenq% vngenhjimc mnnq}j bjinvj ecq nqtnagoacq vngnvni}nq a~e}~vjenq n omni}o}jvocq mn ej ecajeomjmni ne Tjagoacacecbfojic) Ijao nq}j jqcaojaoi cvkjioxj}owj"nqtjaoje qok~onimc j ej &ekoaj mne vc& z~n nq neni}n ani}vje mn ej womj qcaoje ni acb~iomjmnq inkvjq v~vjenq% acbc ec jgovbj ej cvkjioxjaoi mnfjqn &Tvcanqc mn Acb~iomjmnq Inkvjq& (TAI/8

Ni ej ekoaj mne vc ejq tvctonmjmnq mne ~qc mne }nvvo}cvoc nq}i mn}nvboijmjq tcv ej ~foajaoi8 niej tjv}n je}j mne vc qn mj igjqoq j ej tvcm~aaoi boinvj jv}nqjije% qn mnqjvvceeji ja}owomjmnq mnajanvj y vnacenaaoi ni ne bci}n mn bci}jj% `jaoj ej tjv}n bnmoj ne igjqoq qn mj ni ejtvcm~aaoi jkvacej y ne }~bfn qnena}owc mn vfcenq bjmnvjfenq% }jbfoi qn mnqjvvceeji ejq

ja}owomjmnq mn ajanvj y vnacenaaoi ni ne bci}n mn vnqtjemc< `jaoj ej tjv}n fjhj ne igjqoq qn mjni ej tnqaj y vnacenaaoi mn acia`jq% bce~qacq y ajikvnhcq acbtjv}omjq aci ej ja}owomjmjkvacej) Ni}vn }cmjq ejq tjv}nq npoq}n ~ij vnejaoi aci}oi~j mne jvvofj aci ne jfjhc y woanwnvqj ymne bnmoc aci jbfjq% ajvja}nvoxjmc tcv ~ij bcwoeomjm z~n qok~n ne a~vqc ij}~vje mne vc y ejij}~vjenxj% a~yjq moiboajq gcv}jenani y tcqofoeo}ji ejq vnejaocinq mn tjvni}nqac n oi}nvajbfoc mntvcm~a}cq% qonimc ni nq}j moiboaj ej ~iomjm tvcm~a}owj ej gjboeoj moqtnvqj j ec ejvkc mne vc)(TAI :???8:/

Ej ekoaj mne vc% z~n h~i}c aci ne nqtjaoc ja~}oac aciq}o}~yn ej ecajeomjmni neTjagoac acecbfojic% `j qomc ni}cianq ne gja}cv nqtjaoje cvoni}jmcv ni ej aciq}o}~aoimn aciqnhcq acb~io}jvocq j ec ejvkc mn ejq a~niajq ge~wojenq) Nq}cq aciqnhcqacb~io}jvocq ja}ji acbc tvoiaotje j~}cvomjm }nvvo}cvoje ni ejq vnjq v~vjenq mneTjagoac acecbfojic z~n% k~ojmcq tcv ecq Tejinq mn Bjinhc mnqjvvceejmcq tcv ejqboqbjq acb~iomjmnq aci jqoq}niaoj mn oiq}o}~aocinq k~fnvijbni}jenq y CIKq%mnaomni ni}vn c}vc qcfvn ne ~qc y jtvcwna`jboni}c mn ecq vna~vqcq ij}~vjenq ni q~}nvvo}cvoc) Nq}cq qci% tcv ec bnicq ni ej }ncvj% ajbfocq vjmoajenq mn ejq gcvbjq mnjtvctojaoi }nvvo}cvoje% t~nq ejq nbtvnqjq aci ~i oi}nvq ni ne jtvcwna`jboni}c mn ecqvoacq vna~vqcq ij}~vjenq mn ej vnkoi " acbc qci ne cvc% ej bjmnvj y ne tc}niaoje


12/20

jkvctna~jvoc " nq}i j`cvj cfeokjmjq j inkcaojv movna}jbni}n aci ejq acb~iomjmnqv~vjenq% y ne Nq}jmc yj ic t~nmn qobtenbni}n nptnmov acianqocinq j nq}jq nbtvnqjqtjqjimc tcv je}c jq j ejq acb~iomjmnq% acbc q~anmj ji}nq mn ej Eny ;4 mne :??1:?)Je c}vc ejmc nq obtcv}ji}n vnqje}jv z~n nq}cq tvcanqcq ic qobtenbni}n qok~ni ~ibcmnec &omnje& mn jtvctojaoi }nvvo}cvoje acena}owj mn ejq acb~iomjmnq inkvjq ni ejvnkoi) Tcv ne aci}vjvoc% io ne Nq}jmc acecbfojic% io ejq kvjimnq nbtvnqjq vnqtn}jinq}j enkoqejaoi acbc qn mnfnvj nqtnvjv) Ne Nq}jmc `j qomc oiae~qown ja~qjmc mn icjtcyjv q~goaoni}nbni}n j ejq acb~iomjmnq inkvjq ni nq}n mogaoe y ejvkc tvcanqc) ^ijtnvqtna}owj mn e~kjv qcfvn nq}cq tvcanqcq nqtjaojenq mn cvkjioxjaoi tce}oaj icqjenv}j ni}cianq }jbfoi qcfvn c}vjq gcvbjq mn avnjaoi mn aciqnhcq acb~io}jvocq z~nic `ji qnk~omc ej ekoaj mne vc% vnwnejimc% tcv nhnbtec% abc ni b~a`cq mn nqcqajqcq ej aciq}o}~aoi mn aciqnhcq acb~io}jvocq `j qomc bnmo}jmj tcv oi}nvnqnq yja}cvnq mne ajto}je np}nvic y mne kcfonvic ani}vje (Cqenimnv 644:f/% `na`c z~ngvna~ni}nbni}n }onin ~i obtja}c inkj}owc qcfvn ej bcwoeoxjaoi ecaje je ejvkc tejxc)Nq}n nigcz~n icq tnvbo}n ni}cianq mognvniaojv ni}vn ejq moq}oi}jq nptnvoniaojqcvkjioxj}owjq mni}vc mn acb~iomjmnq inkvjq% t~nq tcv q~t~nq}c ic qn }vj}j mn ~ikv~tc qcaoje `cbckinc qoic mn ~ic aci ~ij kjbj mn oi}nvnqnq mcimn oige~yni c}vjqaj}nkcvjq j ej mn ej n}ioaomjm% acbc tcv nhnbtec% aejqn% kinvc y jgoeojaoi j ejtce}oaj tjv}omjvoj)

C}vc gja}cv z~n ic t~nmc moqa~}ov ni mn}jeen jz~ }jbtcac% tnvc z~n jmz~onvn ajmj mj bq~vkniaoj% nq ne vnaoni}n vnav~mnaoboni}c mne acigeoa}c jvbjmc ni ne Tjagoac acecbfojic% vnkoiz~n `jq}j `jan tcacq jcq `j qomc mnqavo}c acbc &vng~koc mn tjx&% y mcimn `cy mownvqcq kv~tcqk~nvvoeenvcq% tjvjboeo}jvnq y ne nhvao}c acecbfojic ni}jfeji ~ij k~nvvj q~aoj ni ej a~je ecqajbtnqoicq nq}i ackomcq mnqjbtjvjmcq ni}vn ecq mognvni}nq tjv}nq) Acbc vnq~e}jmc oibnmoj}c qn

`ji moqtjvjmc ecq iownenq mn mnqtejxjboni}c gcvxjmc mn ejq xcijq v~vjenq `jaoj ejq ao~mjmnq%aj}q}vcgn `~bjij a~ycq wa}objq `ji qomc bq z~n mcq boeecinq mn kni}n mnqtejxjmj niAcecbfoj (Vchjq Vcmvk~nx 644:/)

Qn }vj}j ni}cianq aci ne aciant}c mn &nqtjaojeomjm mn vnqoq}niaoj& tvct~nq}j jz~ mn aciqomnvjvmn bjinvj oi}nkvje y aciqaoni}n ecq gja}cvnq nqtjaojenq cfhn}owcq jq acbc ecq q~fhn}owcq ni nejieoqoq mn bcwoboni}cq qcaojenq) Ej tnvqtna}owj mn e~kjv f~qaj vnqje}jv ne e~kjv acbc nenbni}caciq}o}~}owc ni ejq gcvbjq aciavn}jq ni z~n ecq bcwoboni}cq qcaojenq nwce~aociji% y tvn}nimn ovbq jee mn b~a`cq jieoqoq z~n qn aciani}vji " acbc ni ne ajqc mne bcwoboni}c inkvc niAcecbfoj " gvna~ni}nbni}n ni ecq moqa~vqcq tce}oacq je iowne vnkocije y ijaocije mn ecq emnvnqjgvcacecbfojicq)

Aciae~qocinq

Ni nq}n jv}a~ec `n }vj}jmc mn mnbcq}vjv ej inanqomjm mn jijeoxjv ecq aciant}cqmn &nqtjaoc& y &e~kjv& ni ej oiwnq}okjaoi mn bcwoboni}cq qcaojenq acbc }nvvnicq aciavn}cq ni


13/20

z~n qn bjiogonq}ji ejq be}otenq vnejaocinq mn tcmnv ni gcvbjq nqtnagoajq mn mcboijaoi yvnqoq}niaoj) Ne nqtjaoc ic nq qobtenbni}n ne mcboioc mne nq}jmc z~n ec jmboioq}vj% cvmnij yaci}vcej (vntvnqni}jaocinq mne nqtjaoc/% qoic ej qonbtvn moiboaj y ge~omj oi}nvjaaoi ni}vn ececaje y ec kecfje% ec oimowom~je y ec acena}owc% ec tvowjmc y ec tfeoac% y ni}vn vnqoq}niaoj ymcboijaoi) Ni ne nqtjaoc qn fvoimj ni}cianq }jbfoi ne tc}niaoje mn mnqjgojv y q~fwnv}ov ne

tcmnv mcboiji}n% y tcv nqc gcvbj tjv}n nqniaoje mn ~ij tce}oaj mn vnqoq}niaoj acbc jv}oa~ejmj%tcv nhnbtec% tcv bcwoboni}cq qcaojenq) îj tnvqtna}owj mn e~kjv qcfvn nq}cq tvcanqcqnpjboijimc ejq oi}nvjaaocinq ni}vn ecajeomjm% ~foajaoi y qni}omc mn e~kjv gjaoeo}j ~ij woqoi bqoi}nkvje mn ecq tvcanqcq cvkjioxj}owcq y }cbj ni qnvoc j ejq wcanq mn ecq ja}cvnq qcaojenq8

îj qniqofoeomjm gvni}n j e~kjvnq tjv}oa~ejvnq mn vnqoq}niaoj obteoaj ne vnacicaoboni}c mn ej oi}niaocijeomjm mnq~hn}cq òq}voacq% ej ij}~vjenxj q~fhn}owj mn ejq tnvantaocinq% objkoijaocinq y nptnvoniaojq ni aci}np}cq nqtjaojenqmoiboacq% y abc ecq nqtjaocq nq}i }vjiqgcvbjmcq ni e~kjvnq eenicq mn qokiogoajmcq a~e}~vjenq% bnbcvoj nomni}omjm) (Vc~}enmkn :??78>64/

Nq}cq teji}njboni}cq bn tjvnani tjv}oa~ejvbni}n obtcv}ji}nq mjmc z~n `cy `jy ~ioi}nvq avnaoni}n ni ecq jieoqoq acbtjvj}owcq mn bcwoboni}cq qcaojenq% z~n

gvna~ni}nbni}n tjvnani nq}jv bq oi}nvnqjmcq ni bcq}vjv abc vnqoq}niaojqtjv}oa~ejvnq nq}i vnejaocijmjq aci ecq tvcanqcq mn kecfjeoxjaoi z~n ni ecq tvctocq yb~y nqtnagoacq tvcanqcq cvkjioxj}owcq mn ~i bcwoboni}c tjv}oa~ejv) Ajq}neeq(:??;870":4?/% tcv nhnbtec% acbtjvj ecq ajqcq mn ej vnfneoi Xjtj}oq}j ni Aòjtjq%Bpoac% aci ne bcwoboni}c boeoaoj ni ecq NN^^ y aci ne J~b Qòivolyc ni ne Hjti%tjvj bcq}vjv z~n ne jmwnvqjvoc acbi nq ej kecfjeoxjaoi y ne i~nwc cvmni b~imoje)Ni c}vc jieoqoq acbtjvj}owc z~n ajvnan mn qniqofoeomjm nqtjaoje% Xovjlxjmn` (:??;/acbtjvj j ecq Wnvmnq mn Jenbjioj mne Cnq}n% ne bcwoboni}c mn Qceomjvomjm niTcecioj% y ne Qnimnvc E~boicqc mn Tnv) Boni}vjq z~n moa`cq jieoqoq t~nmji c icnpteoajv bcwoboni}cq qcaojenq aci}nbtcvincq ni ne aci}np}c kecfje% b~y tcac icqmoani qcfvn ecq jkniaojboni}cq be}otenq mn ecq bcwoboni}cq vngnvni}nq j q~q e~kjvnqy q~q nqtjaocq y qcfvn ecq tvcanmoboni}cq acbtenhcq ni ne }nvvnic mn ej womj ac}omojij)]ninbcq z~n tvnk~i}jvicq qo nqc ic icq moan bq qcfvn ej ja}o}~m% ej bn}cmceckj yejq gcvbjq mn `janv oiwnq}okjaocinq z~n qcfvn ejq vnjeomjmnq mn ej womj qcaoje)Oiwnq}okjmcvnq a~yj tvnca~tjaoi nq mn acbtvcboqc av}oac (Vc~}enmkn :??7/ c mnoiwnq}okjaoi mn jaaoi tjv}oaotj}owj (Gjeq Fcvmj :?0;/ tcini igjqoq ni ejobtcv}jiaoj mn ~ij vnejaoi mn b~}~c oi}nvq ni}vn ne oiwnq}okjmcv y ecq tjv}oaotji}nqmn ecq bcwoboni}cq qcaojenq) Nq}ob~ejimc mn nq}j bjinvj tvcanqcqmn&aciaoni}oxjaoi& (Gvnovn :?;:/ gvni}n j qo}~jaocinq mn mcboijaoi% nptec}jaoi y#c

q~hnaoi

64

% ne oiwnq}okjmcv t~nmn ja}owjbni}n aci}vof~ov j ej aciq}v~aaoi mn ~inqtjaoc mognvniaojmc y j ecq tvcanqcq mn fqz~nmj mn ~i aci}vj"nqtjaoc acbcobjkoijmcq tcv Engnfwvn (:??:/) J~iz~n ic tjvnxaj b~y mn bcmj ni nq}cq mjq ni~ij jajmnboj ajmj wnx bq jmboioq}vjmj tcv ej ekoaj ajto}jeoq}j"bnvaji}oeoq}j mntvcm~aaoi mn acicaoboni}c% avnc z~n icq }ninbcq z~n tvnk~i}jv av}oajbni}n tcvz~ y tjvj z~oi `janbcq oiwnq}okjaocinq) _j nq }onbtc z~n vnwowjbcq ecq wjecvnq mnej knckvjgj vjmoaje (Tnn} :?;;% Fe~i} ' [oeeq 6444/ y z~n ic icq nqacimjbcq mn}vq


14/20

mn gjeqcq tvn}np}cq mn &cfhn}owomjm aoni}goaj&% tvn}niqoi oe~qcvoj mjmj ej ij}~vjenxjtce}oaj y mnqok~je mn }cmjq ejq vnejaocinq qcaojenq) Acia~nvmc aci Qej}nv (:?0>86:/z~n `jy ~ij &inanqomjm mn `janv bq oiwnq}okjaoi "ic qobtenbni}n tcv vjxcinqaoni}goajq qoic }jbfoi acbc ~i fvjxc ni ej e~a`j tcv ~ij }vjiqgcvbjaoi qcaojewnvmjmnvjbni}n mnbcav}oaj&) ^ij tnvqtna}owj mn e~kjv qcfvn bcwoboni}cq qcaojenq}jbfoi z~onvn jfvov tjqc `jaoj ~i acbtvcboqc av}oac mne oiwnq}okjmcv aci ecqbcwoboni}cq% t~nq }cbjimc ni qnvoc ejq jv}oa~ejaocinq ac}omojijq mn ej womj qcaoje qnjfvn ~i nqtjaoc mn moeckc ni}vn oiwnq}okjmcv y ja}cvnq qcaojenq) @jq}j z~n t~i}c qnmnhji nq}ob~ejv tvcanqcq mn aciaoni}oxjaoi ni nq}cq aci}np}cq mntnimn tcv tjv}n mnej tce}oaj mn tcqoaocijboni}c mne oiwnq}okjmcv gvni}n j ecq bcwoboni}cq) J~iz~n icecq t~nmj nejfcvjv bq jz~% ej tnvqtna}owj mn e~kjv jfvjxj ni}cianq }jbfoi ~icqteji}njboni}cq bn}cmcekoacq av}oacq aci z~n qn oiwo}j je oiwnq}okjmcv mn `janvqntvnk~i}jq qcfvn q~ tcqoaoi y q~ e~kjv ni ecq tvcanqcq mn oiwnq}okjaoi)

Ic}jq

: Jek~ijq mn ejq omnjq tvnqni}jmjq jz~ `ji qomc t~feoajmjq ni ~i jv}a~ec bc ji}nvocv ni Vnq}vntc% N) ' ^vofnB)W) (nmq/ (6444/%Ji}vctceckjq }vjiqni}nq % Fckc}8 OAJI@% tt):?:"66:) Qoi nbfjvkc% ne tvnqni}n }np}c `j qomcvnwoqjmc q~fq}jiaojebni}n ni q~ tjv}n aciant}~je y qn `j nejfcvjmc aciqomnvjfenbni}n ne bj}nvoje nbtvoac)6 Ni tjv}oa~ejv% Bjqqny npjboij ne }vj}jboni}c mne aciant}c mn nqtjaoc ni Ejaej~ (:??4/ y ni Hjbnqci (:??:/)J~iz~n jbfcq j~}cvnq }onini ~ij woqoi mognvni}n mne nqtjaoc% acoiaomni ni ~i }vj}jboni}c jtce}oac mn moa`caciant}c)1 Aci ej jic}jaoi &tcmnv#qjfnv& ni nq}n jv}a~ec bn vngonvc j ej aciant}~jeoxjaoi mn Gc~aj~e} (:?04/ ni nq}cq}vboicq z~oni aciqomnvj z~n tcmnv y qjfnv qn tvcm~ani }ji oi}viqoajbni}n ni}vnejxjmcq z~n ne ~ic ic ca~vvn qoi ne

c}vc)= Ej knckvjgj mn }onbtc (}obn"knckvjt`y/ `jan igjqoq ni ej aci}oi~omjm y ni ecq wia~ecq mn qna~niaojq mn nwni}cqz~n qn mnqjvvceeji ni qo}~jaocinq nibjvajmjq ni ne nqtjaoc y ni ne }onbtc) Ne knkvjgc q~nac ]cvq}ni @knvq}vjim(:?;1/ mnqjvvcee ~i bcmnec mn jic}jaoi kvgoaj mn vnmnq qcaojenq ni ne nqtjaoc y ne }onbtc z~n }vj}j mn vnkoq}vjvecq bcwoboni}cq y ecq nia~ni}vcq ni ne nqtjaoc qcaoje) Nq}n bcmnec jq~bn z~n ne nqtjaoc y ne }onbtc g~iaocijiacbc vna~vqcq mn tvcyna}cq oimowom~jenq z~n nq}i jgna}jmcq tcv ej npoq}niaoj mn cfq}a~ecq) Nq}cq cfq}a~ecq nq}iacianfomcq acbc tcqofenq ajboicq mn nqtjaoc"}onbtc% z~n tjqji tcv nq}jaocinq jaanqofenq mni}vc mn ~ij nq}v~a}~vjbq jbteoj mn mcboiocq z~n vnq}voikni ejq jaaocinq `~bjijq) Nq tvnaoqjbni}n nq}n igjqoq qcfvn cfq}a~ecq z~n `jqomc avo}oajmc tcv `jfnv `nvnmjmc mnbjqojmc mn ejq }ncvjq mne nq}v~a}~vjeoqbc y tcv moqboi~ov ej obtcv}jiaoj mn ejjaaoi qcaoje ni nq}cq tvcanqcq) Qoi nbfjvkc% c}vcq `ji npteoajmc ne wia~ec mn ej knckvjgj mn }onbtc aci ej }ncvjmn nq}v~a}~vjaoi% y ni tjv}oa~ejv abc ejq vntvnqni}jaocinq kvgoajq mne bcmnec mn @knvq}vjim icq b~nq}vji ejekoaj bj}nvoje mn ej nq}v~a}~vjaoi (Tvnm :?0:/)> Aciwonin vnqje}jv jz~ z~n ic }cmjq ejq vnqoq}niaojq qn mnhji aejqogoajv acbc &tvckvnqowjq&) Mn `na`c% jek~ijq

vnqoq}niaojq vng~nvxji nq}v~a}~vjq npoq}ni}nq mn mcboijaoi y q~hnaoi% acbc tcv nhnbtec ni ne ajqc mn ejq ajbtjjqji}o"jfcv}c ni ecq NN^^ z~n ngna}owjbni}n }vj}ji mn vnq}voikov ne mnvna`c mn ej b~hnv qcfvn q~ a~nvtc% vnogoajimc mn}je bjinvj ej q~fcvmoijaoi nq}v~a}~vje mn ej b~hnv ni ej qcaonmjm) C}vc nhnbtec qci ecq aci}vjq ni Ioajvjk~j% z~n%jtcyjmcq tcv ecq NN^^% e~a`jvci aci}vj ne kcfonvic vnwce~aocijvoc qcaojeoq}j mn ecq Qjimoioq}jq% z~n h~q}jbni}n}vj}jfj mn vcbtnv ejq ajmnijq mn ~i q~fmnqjvvceec nq}v~a}~vje j bjicq mn oi}nvwniaocinq y mcboijaoi np}vjihnvjq nine tjq) Nq obtcv}ji}n ni}cianq }ninv ni a~ni}j ne tcqofen ajva}nv vnjaaocijvoc mn jek~ijq vnqoq}niaojq)7 Tjvj i~nq}vc jieoqoq jz~ ~i fvnwn vnq~bni mn ejq tvoiaotjenq omnjq nq q~goaoni}n) Qoi nbfjvkc% wnv tcv nhnbtec jAc`ni (:?0>/% Gc{nvjlnv (:??>/ y Xovjlxjmn` (:??;/% tcv ~i jieoqoq acbtjvj}owc mn ecq wjvocqteji}njboni}cq mni}vc mn ]BV y TOA); Wnv% tcv nhnbtec% BaAjv}`y ' Xjem (:?;;/% Ceqci (:?7>/ y ]oeey (:?;0/)


15/20

0 Wnv% tcv nhnbtec% Ajq}neeq (:??;/% Ejaej~ y Bc~ggn (:?0>/% Bne~aao (:?0?/ y ]c~vjoin (:?00/)?Wjen ej tnij vnqje}jv z~n mnqmn ej t~feoajaoi mn q~ }vjfjhc qnboije ni :??: nioikeq% Engnfwvn `j mnqtnv}jmc ~i avnaoni}n oi}nvq ni ej knckvjgj jikecqjhcij " wnv%tcv nhnbtec% ecq }vjfjhcq mn Kvnkcvy (:??=/% @jvwny (:??7/ y Bnvvogonem (:??1/ "boni}vjq z~n `j mnajomc q~ oige~niaoj ni ej knckvjgj gvjianqj)

:45Qn t~nmn jjmov z~n ne nqtjaoc jfq}vja}c }jbfoi `j qomc ej ekoaj mcboiji}n mncvkjioxjaoi y vntvnqni}jaoi nqtjaoje ni ecq qoq}nbjq y vkobninq mne qcaojeoqbc yacb~ioqbc):: Wnv }jbfoi j Bjqqny (:???/ z~n jvk~bni}j z~n &b~e}oteoaomjm& nq ~ij ajvja}nvq}oaj aejwn tjvj ni}nimnv neaciant}c mn nqtjaojeomjm):6Mn bjinvj tjvnaomj% ej obtcv}jiaoj mn ecq nqtjaocq wowomcq tjvj janvajvqn jeaciant}c mn e~kjv `j qomc vnqje}jmj ni ecq nigcz~nq gnicbnicekoacq mn ej knckvjgj`~bjiq}oaj z~n tcin igjqoq ni ne acbtcv}jboni}c y ejq tnvantaocinq y nptnvoniaojqmn ecq ja}cvnq qcaojenq (F~}}obnv :?;7% Eny ' Qjb~neq :?;0% ]~ji :?;>/) Acbc ecnpteoa Mjwom Eny (:?;;8>4?/8 &Ne e~kjv mnfn qnv ni}nimomc ni vnejaoi )))% aciq}o}~omc

j ej wnx mn ej cfhn}owomjm mne bjtj y ej q~fhn}owomjm mn ej nptnvoniaoj)&:1e }vboic mn ecajeomjm (&ecajen&/ g~n cvokoijebni}n tvct~nq}c tcv Kommniq (:?0=/ni q~ mnqjvvceec mn ej }ncvj mn nq}v~a}~vjaoi):= Tvnm ' [j}}q (:??6/% tcv nhnbtec% oiqoq}ni ni ejq be}otenq gcvbjq ni z~n ejq a~e}~vjq ecajenq tvcanqji% bcmneji%ajbfoji n oige~niaoji ejq acimoaocinq y jaaocinq mne ajto}je kecfje y mn ej bcmnviomjm) _ ne jvk~bni}c mn Tnn} '[j}}q (:??7/ tcv &naceckjq mn eofnvjaoi& tcin igjqoq ni ej obtcv}jiaoj mn aciq}v~aaocinq ecajenq mn naceckj n&objkoijvocq bnmoc jbfoni}jenq& acbc qo}ocq obtcv}ji}nq mn vnqoq}niaojq):>]c~vjoin (:?0080/ qn `j vngnvomc j ejq nptnvoniaojq a~e}~vjenq nqtnagoajq mn ecqja}cvnq qcaojenq ni }vboicq mn &òq}cvoaomjm&% &~i acih~i}c mn bcmnecq a~e}~vjenq z~ncvoni}j j ej tva}oaj qcaoje&) Ecq ja}cvnq jq~bni ej }jvnj acena}owj mn j~}c"tvcm~aaoia~e}~vje z~n nq aciqomnvjmj acbc ~i acih~i}c acbtenhc mn jaaocinq z~n ej qcaonmjm

nhnvan qcfvn neej boqbj) Ni}cianq ni ej mngoioaoi mn ]c~vjoin (:?00870/% ~ibcwoboni}c qcaoje nq &ej jaaoi% j ej wnx a~e}~vjebni}n cvoni}jmj y qcaojebni}nacigeoa}owj% mn ~ij aejqn mngoiomj tcv q~ tcqoaoi mn mcboijaoi c mntnimniaoj ni ejbjinvj mn jtvctojaoi mn q~ òq}cvoaomjm% mn ecq bcmnecq a~e}~vjenq mn oiwnvqoi%acicaoboni}c y bcvjeomjm `jaoj a~jenq ne bcwoboni}c qcaoje nq} cvoni}jmc)& C% nic}vjq tjejfvjq% mni}vc mn ~i bcwoboni}c qcaoje ej kni}n jq~bn% c oi}ni}j jq~bov% neaci}vce qcfvn q~ òq}cvoaomjm):7 Ecq mj}cq vjaojenq z~n nbtenc jz~ tjvj ej vnkoi mne Tjagoac acecbfojic qci aea~ecq kninvjebni}n jant}jmcq)Ic `jy oigcvbjaoi vjaoje acigojfen ni ecq mj}cq mnbckvgoacq mn Acecbfoj) Qoi nbfjvkc nq acbi `cy ne bjinhcmn ej aogvj mn 67. tjvj ej tcfejaoi jgvc ni Acecbfoj):; Nq}jq cvkjioxjaocinq nvji tjv}oa~ejvbni}n g~nv}nq ni ne mntjv}jbni}c mne A`ca mcimn vnaofji obtcv}ji}n jtcyc

mn ej Okenqoj aj}eoaj) Oiae~ji% tcv nhnbtec% ej Jqcaojaoi Ajbtnqoij Oi}nkvje mne vc J}vj}c (Jaoj/% gcvbjmj ni:?0; y `jq}j `cy ej cvkjioxjaoi ajbtnqoij mn kni}n inkvj bq g~nv}n y woqofen ni ne tjq):0 Nq}j }nimniaoj mn nbtcmnvjv j ecq kv~tcq }ioacq z~n aciwowni aci nacqoq}nbjq gvkoenq% acbc qci ecq fcqz~nq}vctoajenq% c}cvkimcenq mnvna`cq acena}owcq j q~q }onvvjq y je boqbc }onbtc vnqtciqjfoeomjmnq tcv ej tvc}naaoi mnebnmoc jbfoni}n% acbc nq} tvnqavo}c ni ej Eny ;4% nq ~ij }nimniaoj kecfje (C+Aciicv :??1/) Ni ne boqbc aci}np}cNqacfjv (:??78=0/ qn vngonvn j &mcq ekoajq mne ajto}je nacekoac&) Tcv ~i ejmc `jy &gcvbjq tcqbcmnvijq mn ejajto}jeoxjaoi mn ej ij}~vjenxj&% nptvnqjmjq ni ej gjqn nacekoaj mn mnqjvvceec qcq}niofen y aciqnvwjaoi mn ejij}~vjenxj y focmownvqomjm tjvj kjvji}oxjv q~ ~qc y nptec}jaoi ni ne g~}~vc) Tcv ne c}vc ejmc qok~ni npoq}onimcgcvbjq &bcmnvijq& mn nptec}jaoi mn ej ij}~vjenxj acbc% tcv nhnbtec% ej oim~q}voj bjmnvnvj y boinvj j nqajej


16/20

kvjimn ni ne Tjagoac acecbfojic) Nq obtcv}ji}n vnqje}jv z~n jbfjq gcvbjq mn ajto}jeoxjaoi mn ej ij}~vjenxjacnpoq}ni ni ne Tjagoac acecbfojic ni ne boqbc nqtjaoc knckvgoac y je boqbc }onbtc):?Acbc bniaocijmc je tvoiaotoc mne jv}a~ec% qn }vj}j ni nq}n }np}c mn ~iteji}njboni}c }nvoac mn &nqtjaojeomjm mn vnqoq}niaoj& z~n nq} oe~q}vjmc aci nenhnbtec mn vnqoq}niaoj mn ejq acb~iomjmnq inkvjq ni ne Tjagoac acecbfojic) Tjvj

oigcvbjaoi bq mn}jeejmj qcfvn ne ajqc aciavn}c% wnv% tcv nhnbtec% Nqacfjv (:??;/%Nqacfjv ' Tnmvcqj (:??7/% Kv~nqc n} je) (:??0/% Cqenimnv (644:f/% Tjvmc (6446/)64Wnv ne aciant}c mn aciqaoni}oxjc mnqjvvceejmc tcv Tj~ec Gvnovn (:?;:/% aci z~nmnicboij ecq tvcanqcq tcv a~jenq qn kninvj acena}owjbni}n ~ij aciaoniaoj mni}vc mn~i kv~tc ctvobomc qcfvn ejq acimoaocinq mn q~fboqoi y ctvnqoi ni z~n nq}ioiqavo}jq q~q womjq ac}omojijq% bc}owjimc jq j ecq kv~tcq ctvobomcq mn ja}~jv aci}vjnq}jq nq}v~a}~vjq tce}oajq y naciboajq oih~q}jq)

Fofeockvjgj

Jkin{% Hcì (:?0;/% Tejan jim tceo}oaq8 }`n knckvjtòaje bnmoj}oci cg q}j}n jim qcaon}y%Fcq}ci8 Jeeni ' î{oi

Fja`nejvm% Kjq}ci (:?>0/% ]`n tcn}oaq cg qtjan% Fcq}ci8 Fnjaci Tvnqq

Fe~i}% Jeoqci ' [oeeq% Hjin (6444/%Moqqomni} knckvjtònq8 ji oi}vcm~a}oci }c vjmoaje omnjq jimtvja}oan% @jvec{8 Ecikbji

Fcimo% Eox (:??1/% &Ecaj}oik omni}o}y tceo}oaq&% ni Lno}`% B) ' Toen% Q) (nmq/% Tejan jim }`ntceo}oaq cg omni}o}y% Ecimci8 Vc~}enmkn% tt)0=":4:

F~}}obnv% Jiin (:?;7/% &Kvjqtoik }`n myijboqb cg eogn{cvem&%Jiijeq cg }`n Jqqcaoj}oci cgJbnvoaji Knckvjt`nvq% 77(6/% tt)6;;"6?6

Ajq}neeq% Bji~ne (:??;/% ]`n tc{nv cg omni}o}y% Cpgcvm8 Fejal{nee

Ac`ni% H)E) (:?0>/% &Q}vj}nky jim omni}o}y8 in{ }`ncvn}oaje tjvjmokbq jim aci}nbtcvjvy qcaojebcwnbni}q&% Qcaoje Vnqnjva`% >6% tt)771";:7

Mne Ajq}oeec% Ioaceq (:?06/%Nqaejwcq inkvcq ni Ajv}jknij y q~q jtcv}nq epoacq% Fckc}8Oiq}o}~}c Ajvc y A~nvwc

MIT (Mntjv}jbni}c Ijaocije mn Tejinjaoi/ (:?01/% Teji mn Mnqjvvceec Oi}nkvje tjvj ej Acq}jTjagoaj (TEJMNOACT/% Ajeo8 MIT#AWA

MIT (:??6/% Teji Tjagoac% Fckc}8 MIT

MIT (:??0/% Teji mn mnqjvvceec :??0 "64468 fjqnq tjvj ~ij tce}oaj mn mnqjvvceec qcq}niofen niej vnkoi mne Tjagoac acecbfojic% mca~bni}c mn }vjfjhc qoi t~feoajv


17/20

Ni}voloi% H) Ioa`cejq (:??:/% ]`n fn}{nniinqq cg tejan8 }c{jvmq j knckvjt`y cg bcmnvio}y%Fje}obcvn8 Hcìq @ctloiq îownvqo}y Tvnqq

Nqacfjv% Jv}~vc (:??>/%Niac~i}nvoik mnwnectbni}8 }`n bjloik jim ~ibjloik cg }`n ]òvm[cvem% Tvoian}ci8 Tvoian}ci îownvqo}y Tvnqq }vjm~aaoi je nqtjce8 Ej oiwniaoi mne ]nvanv

B~imc8 aciq}v~aaoi y mnqaciq}v~aaoi mne mnqjvvceec% Fckc}8 Nmo}cvoje Icvbj% :??0Nqacfjv% Jv}~vc (:??7/% &Aciq}v~a}oik ij}~vn8 nenbni}q gcv j tcq}q}v~a}~vje tceo}oaje nacecky&% niTnn}% V) ' [j}}q% B) (nmq/%Eofnvj}oci naceckonq8 niwovcibni}% mnwnectbni} jim qcaojebcwnbni}q% Ecimci8 Vc~}enmkn% tt)=7"70

Nqacfjv% Jv}~vc (:??;/% &A~e}~vje tceo}oaq jim foceckoaje mownvqo}y8 q}j}n% ajto}je% jim qcaojebcwnbni}q oi }`n Tjaogoa acjq} cg Acecbfoj&% ni Gcp% V) ' Q}jvi% C) (nmq/% Fn}{nni vnqoq}jianjim vnwce~}oci8 a~e}~vje tceo}oaq jim qcaoje tvc}nq}% In{ Fv~iq{oal8 V~}knvq îownvqo}y Tvnqq%tt)=4"7=

Nqacfjv% Jv}~vc (644:/% &A~e}~vn qo}q oi tejanq8 vngena}ociq ci kecfjeoqb jim q~fje}nvi q}vj}nkonqcg ecajeoxj}oci&% Tceo}oaje Knckvjt`y% 64% tt):1?":;=

Nqacfjv% Jv}~vc ' Tnmvcqj% Jewjvc (nmq/ (:??7/% Tjagoac8 mnqjvvceec c mownvqomjm3 Nq}jmc%ajto}je y bcwoboni}cq qcaojenq ni ne Tjagoac acecbfojic% Fckc}8 Anvna

Gjeq Fcvmj% Cvejimc (:?0;/% &]`n jtteoaj}oci cg tjv}oaotj}cvy ja}oci"vnqnjva` oi Ej}oiJbnvoaj&% Oi}nvij}ocije Qcaocecky% 6(=/% tt)16?"1=;

Gc~aj~e}% Boa`ne (:?04/% Tc{nv"lic{enmkn8 qnena}nm oi}nvwon{q jim c}`nv {vo}oikq% Fvok`}ci8@jvwnq}nv Tvnqq

Gc{nvjlnv% Hcn (:??>/% ]`ncvoxoik qcaoje bcwnbni}q% Ecimci8 Te~}c Tvnqq

Gvnovn% Tj~ec (:?;:/% Tnmjkcky cg }`n cttvnqqnm% In{ _cvl8 @nvmnv jim @nvmnv

KNG"TI^M (Kecfje Niwovcibni} Gjaoeo}y " Tvckvjbj mn ejq Ijaocinq îomjq tjvj neMnqjvvceec/ (:??1/% Tvcyna}c Foctjagoac% Fckc}8 MIT#Foctjagoac

Kommniq% Ji}`ciy (:?0=/% ]`n aciq}o}~}oci cg qcaon}y8 c~}eoin cg }`n }`ncvy cg q}v~a}~vj}oci%Ajbfvomkn8 Tceo}y Tvnqq

Kvnkcvy% Mnvnl (:??=/% Knckvjtòaje objkoij}ociq% Cpgcvm8 Fejal{neeKv~nqc% Eofoj< Vcqnvc% Ajvecq ' Nqacfjv% Jv}~vc (:??0/% &]`n Tvcanqq cg Fejal Acbb~io}ycvkjioxoik oi }`n qc~}`nvi Tjaogoa acjq} vnkoci cg Acecbfoj&% ni Jewjvnx% Q)N)< Mjkioic% N) 'Nqacfjv% J) (nmq/%A~e}~vnq cg tceo}oaq% tceo}oaq cg a~e}~vnq8 vn"woqocioik Ej}oi Jbnvoaji qcaojebcwnbni}q% Cpgcvm8 [nq}won{ Tvnqq% tt):?7"6:?


18/20

@jfnvbjq% Hvkni (:?0;/% ]`n tòecqctòaje moqac~vqn cg bcmnvio}y8 }{newn ena}~vnq%Ajbfvomkn8 Tceo}y Tvnqq

@knvq}vjim% ]cvq}ni (:?;1/% &]`n mcbjoi cg `~bji knckvjt`y&% ni A`cveny% V)H)(nm/%Movna}ociq oi knckvjt`y% Ecimci8 Bn}`~ni% tt)7;"0;

@jvwny% Mjwom (:??7/%H~q}oan% ij}~vn% jim }`n knckvjt`y cg moggnvnian% Cpgcvm8 Fejal{nee

Hjbnqci% Gvnmvoa (:??:/% Tcq}bcmnvioqb% cv }`n a~e}~vje eckoa cg ej}n ajto}jeoqb% Ecimci8 Wnvqc

Hneoi% Neoxjfn}` (nm/ (:?0;/%Bcwoboni}cq qcaojenq y mnbcavjaoj nbnvkni}n% F~nicq Jovnq8Ani}vc Nmo}cv mn Jbnvoaj Ej}oij

Ejaej~% Nvinq}c (:??4/%In{ vngena}ociq ci }`n vnwce~}oci cg c~v }obn% Ecimci8 Wnvqc

Ejaej~% Nvinq}c ' Bc~ggn% A`ji}je (:?0>/%@nknbciy ' qcaojeoq} q}vj}nky8 }c{jvmq j vjmoaje

mnbcavj}oa tceo}oaq% Ecimci8 WnvqcEngnfwvn% @nivo (:?;7/% &Vngena}ociq ci }`n tceo}oaq cg qtjan&% Ji}otcmn% 0(6/% tt)14"1;

Engnfwvn% @nivo (:??:/ :?;=% ]`n tvcm~a}oci cg qtjan% Cpgcvm8 Fejal{nee

Eny% Mjwom (:?;;/% &Qcaoje knckvjt`y jim }`n }jlni"gcv"kvji}nm {cvem &% ]vjiqja}ociq Oiq}o}~}ncg Fvo}oq` Knckvjt`nvq% 6(=/% tt)=?0">:6

Eny% Mjwom ' Qjb~neq% Bjv{yi (nmq/ (:?;0/% @~bjioq}oa knckvjt`y8 tvcqtna}q jim tvcfenbq%Ecimci8 Avccb @neb

Bjqqny% Mcvnni (:??1/% &Tceo}oaq jim qtjan#}obn&% ni Lno}`% B) ' Toen% Q) (nmq/% Tejan jim }`ntceo}oaq cg omni}o}y% Ecimci8 Vc~}enmkn% tt):=:":7:

Bjqqny% Mcvnni (:???/% &Qtjanq cg tceo}oaq&% ni Bjqqny% M)< Jeeni% H) ' Qjvvn% T) (nmq/% @~bjiknckvjt`y }cmjy% Ajbfvomkn8 Tceo}y Tvnqq% tt)6;?"6?=

BaAjv}`y% H)M) ' Xjem% B)I) (:?;;/% &Vnqc~van bcfoeoqj}oci jim qcaoje bcwnbni}q8 j tjv}oje}`ncvy&%Jbnvoaji Hc~vije cg Qcaocecky% 06% tt)11"=;

Bne~aao% Jefnv}c (:?0?/%Icbjmq cg }`n tvnqni}8 qcaoje bcwnbni}q jim oimowom~je innmq oi

aci}nbtcvjvy qcaon}y% Ecimci8 @~}aòiqci Vjmo~qBnvvogonem% Jimvn{ (:??1/% &Tejan jim qtjan8 j Engnfwvoji vnaciaoeoj}oci&% ]vjiqja}ociq cg }`nOiq}o}~}n cg Fvo}oq` Knckvjt`nvq% :0(=/% tt)>:7">1:

Bc~ggn% A`ji}je (:??>/% &Tcq}"bjvpoqb8 mnbcavjay jim omni}o}y&%Niwovcibni} jim Tejiioik M8Qcaon}y jim Qtjan% :1% tt)6>?"67>


19/20

C+Aciicv% Bjv}oi (:??1/% &Ci }`n boqjmwni}~vnq cg ajto}jeoq} ij}~vn&% Ajto}jeoqb% Ij}~vn%Qcaojeoqb% (=/1% tt);"=4

Ceqci% Bjia~v (:?7>/% ]`n eckoa cg aceena}own ja}oci8 t~feoa kccmq jim }`n }`ncvy cg kvc~tq %Ecimci8 Cpgcvm îownvqo}y Tvnqq

Cqenimnv% êvoa` (:???/% &Nqtjaoc n omni}omjm ni ne Tjagoac acecbfojic&% ni Ajbja`c% H) 'Vnq}vntc% N) (nmq/%Mn bci}nq% vcq y ao~mjmnq8 }nvvo}cvocq n omni}omjmnq mn ej kni}n inkvj niAcecbfoj% Fckc}8 Nacgcimc#OAJI#G~imjaoi Ij}~vj% tt)6>"=0

Cqenimnv% êvoa` (644:j/%Fejal acbb~io}onq ci }`n Acecbfoji Tjaogoa acjq} jim }`n &jz~j}oaqtjan&8 j qtj}oje jttvcja` }c qcaoje bcwnbni} }`ncvy% }nqoq mn mca}cvjmc% îownvqomjm mnKejqkc{% Mntjv}jbni}c mn Knckvjgj% H~eoc 644:

Cqenimnv% êvoa` (644:f/% &Ej ekoaj mne vc8 nq}v~a}~vjq nqtjaojenq mne tvcanqc cvkjioxj}owc mnecq bcwoboni}cq qcaojenq mn acb~iomjmq inkvjq ni ne Tjagoac acecbfojic&% ni Tjvmc% B)

(nm/%Jaaoi acena}owj% Nq}jmc y n}ioaomjm ni ne Tjagoac acecbfojic% Fckc}8 OAJI@% tt):61":=0

Tjvmc% Bj~voaoc (6446/% &Vnaoni}nq moiboajq cvkjioxj}owjq mne bcwoboni}c inkvc niAcecbfoj&%Hc~vije cg Ej}oi Jbnvoaji Ji}`vctcecky% ni tvniqj

TAI (Tvcanqc mn Acb~iomjmnq Inkvjq/ (:???/%Ne aciant}c mn }nvvo}cvoc ni ejq acb~iomjmnqinkvjq mne Tjagoac ani}vc y q~v% mca~bni}c mn }vjfjhc qoi t~feoajv

Tnn}% Voa`jvm (nm/ (:?;;/%Vjmoaje knckvjt`y8 je}nvij}own won{tcoi}q ci aci}nbtcvjvy qcaojeoqq~nq% Ecimci8 Bn}`~ni

Tnn}% Voa`jvm ' [j}}q% Boa`jne (nmq/ (:??7/%Eofnvj}oci naceckonq8 niwovcibni}% mnwnectbni}jim qcaoje bcwnbni}q% Ecimci8 Vc~}enmkn

Tvnm% Jeji (:?0:/% &Qcaoje vntvcm~a}oci jim }`n }obn"knckvjt`y cg nwnvymjy eogn&% KnckvjgoqljJiijenv% 71F% tt)>"66

Tvnm% Jeji ' [j}}q% Boa`jne (:??6/%Vn{cvloik bcmnvio}y% In{ Fv~iq{oal8 V~}knvq îownvqo}yTvnqq

Tvcyna}c Foctjagoac (:??0/%Oigcvbn goije kninvje% Fckc}8 Boioq}nvoc mne Bnmoc Jbfoni}n

Vnq}vntc% Nm~jvmc (:??7/% &Ecq }~z~nvnq inkvcq mne Tjagoac q~v acecbfojic&% ni Mne Wjeen% H)O)' Vnq}vntc% N) (nmq/%Vnijaoni}nq mne k~jimje8 &kv~tcq inkvcq& mn ecq vcq Qj}oikj yQjiz~ojikj%Fckc}8 Foctjagoac#îownvqomjm Ijaocije mn Acecbfoj% tt)6=1"1=0

Vchjq Vcmvk~nx% Hcvkn (644:/% &Mnqtejxjmcq8 ekoajq mn k~nvvj% oianv}om~bfvnq mn tjx&% niQnk~vj Ijvjihc% B) (nm/%Npcmc% tj}vobcioc n omni}omjm% Bnbcvojq mn ej W) A}nmvj Ji~je mn


20/20

@oq}cvoj &Nvinq}c Vnq}vntc ]ovjmc&% 6?)Icw)":)Moa)6444% Fckc}8 Boioq}nvoc mn A~e}~vj% tt)676"6;7

Vc~}enmkn% Tj~e (:??7/% &Avo}oaje knctceo}oaq jim }nvvjoiq cg vnqoq}jian&% Tceo}oaje Knckvjt`y%:>(7#;/% tt)>4?">1:

Vc~}enmkn% Tj~e (:??;/% &J qtj}ojeo}y cg vnqoq}jian8 }`ncvy jim tvja}oan oi Intje+q vnwce~}oci cg:??4&% ni Toen% Q) ' Lno}`% B) (nmq/% Knckvjtònq cg vnqoq}jian% Ecimci8 Vc~}enmkn% tt)70"07

Qac}}% Hjbnq Ajbtfnee (:??4/%Mcboij}oci jim }`n jv}q cg vnqoq}jian8 òmmni }vjiqaot}q%Ecimci8 _jen îownvqo}y Tvnqq

Q`jvt% [oeeojb (:?;7/% Qejwnvy ci }`n Qtjioq` gvci}onv8 }`n Acecbfoji A`ca :704":0:4%Clej`cbj8 îownvqo}y cg Clej`cbj Tvnqq

Q`jvt% Hcjiin< Vc~}enmkn% Tj~e< Tòec% A`voq ' Tjmmoqci% Vciji (nmq/ (6444/%Ni}jikenbni}q cg

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ESPACIO, LUGAR Y MOVIMIENTOS SOCIALES: HACIA UNA ESPACIALIDAD DE RESITENCIA

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Transcript of ESPACIO, LUGAR Y MOVIMIENTOS SOCIALES: HACIA UNA ESPACIALIDAD DE RESITENCIA