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@mqvrmj fo k#lkjrgmgn

K#lkjrgmgn {c vkrco gorcjlckgvk {vmlmxjfo tjrj fkqarkukr z{jlz{kr vmto fkjcbmkgvk fk jtrkgfmxjnkc jtomjfo tor tljvjeorcjq vkagolnmajq,gockjfjckgvk, o aoct{vjfor' O vkrco vo jbrjgnkgvk z{k tjrvk foqmngmemajfo qk tkrfk{'

J eorcjo fmqvgamj kuol{m{ j tjrvmr fo k#lkjrgmgn k rkekrk#qk j {c jcbmkgvkfk jtrkgfmxjnkc z{k fkaorrk eorj fj qjlj fk j{lj fj eorcjo vrjfmamogjl'

O k#lkjrgmgn aocko{, qkgqmuklckgvk, jo ckqco vkcto z{k j {vmlmxjo foaoct{vjfor tjrj emgq tkqqojmq' Fk ejavo, o aogakmvo k j trvmaj fk eorcjo fmqvgamj trkakfk j krj fo aoct{vjfor kc z{jqk {c qa{lo' Tor kpkctlo, kc:064, gj Mgnljvkrrj, q{rnmrjc a{rqoq fk kqvkgonrjemj tor aorrkqtogfgamj'

Aogqmfkrj#qk z{k j kf{ajo fmqvgamj cofkrgj kpmqvk, tklo ckgoq, fkqfkMqjja Tmvcjg kgqmgo{ {cj vagmaj fk kqvkgonrjemj gj Nr#Brkvjg`j toraorrkqtogfgamj, kc :064 (kqvkgonrjemj cvofo fk kqarmvj jbrkumjfo kqmcblmao z{k j{ckgvj j ukloamfjfk o{ brkumfjfk fj kqarmvj, z{jgfoaoctjrjfo aoc oq cvofoq gorcjmq fk kqarkukr g{c j lgn{j-' Tmvcjg krj {ctroekqqor z{jlmemajfo k lkaamogo{ gj kqaolj trmujfj z{k klk trtrmo e{gfo{ kc^ovvog#[gfkr#Kfnk' Klk fkamfm{ aockjr {c a{rqo fmqvgamj k kgumjuj jqjavmumfjfkq joq kqv{fjgvkq tor aorrkmo z{k, tor qk{ v{rgo, jq kekav{jujc kkgumjc goujckgvk tor aorrkmo

(`vvt8//~~~'lkkrbklkumgn'gl/~bvq/:/`mqvor}_oe_klkjrgmgn'`vcl- '

J ckl`ormj fk z{jlmfjfk foq qkrumoq toqvjmq ekx aoc z{k kqvk cvofo fkjtrkgfmxjnkc qk vmukqqk vorgjfo c{mvo tot{ljr go mgamo fo qa{lo tjqqjfo, oz{k fk{ ormnkc jo jtjrkamckgvo fk urmoq vmtoq fk tronrjcjq kf{ajvmuoqrkjlmxjfoq tor aorrkqtogfgamj'

Jlc fo aorrkmo, j vklkumqo, oq ufkoq k jv oq rfmoq, aogvrmb{rjc tjrj ofkqkguolumckgvo fj eorcjo j fmqvgamj' Z{kc go qk lkcbrj fj vklk#kqaoljo{ fjq kcmqqkq fj [gmukrqmfjfk Jbkrvj vrjgqcmvmfjq tklj RVT'

O aoct{vjfor jtkgjq ukmo qmctlmemajr k ejamlmvjr j eorcjo fmqvgamj'''

O togvo fk tjrvmfj tjrj o k#lkjrgmgn, vkro qmfo jq mgoujkq vkagolnmajq fjvklkumqo, q{rnk j vkrakmrj nkrjo fo Kgqmgo Fmqvgamj8 o {qo fj mcjnkcaoco tljvjeorcj tjrj fme{qo fj mgeorcjo' J vklkumqo k o umfkoajqqkvkvro{pkrjc {cj gouj fmckgqo tjrj o vrjbjl`o aoc j kf{ajo j fmqvgamjvjgvo kc a{rqoq lmurkq aoco kc a{rqoq rkn{ljrkq, o{ ckqco kc tronrjcjkqaoc {c rklkuo go ajcto kf{ajamogjl qkc kqvjr, torc, fmrkavjckgvk lmnjfo j{c tljgkjckgvo kqvr{v{rjfo fk a{rqo' Jlc fmqqo, q{rnkc kqvfmoq fk VUlmnjfoq j fmekrkgvkq vmtoq fk mgqvmv{mkq kf{ajamogjmq, kguolumfoq aocvrjbjl`oq tor vklk aogekrgamjq k {vmlmxjgfo vklkumqo j ajbo'

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Vjcbc aockjc j vkr umqmbmlmfjfk kctrkqjq uolvjfjq tjrj {c vrjbjl`ofmrkavo fk trof{o fk emvjq fk ufko tjrj {vmlmxjo fmfavmaj kc qjljq fkj{ljq rkn{ljrkq'

Aoc vofj kqqj kuol{o vkagolnmaj, tot{ljkq, nkonremaj k emqmajckgvk

qktjrjfjq, tjqqjrjc j vkr aogfmkq fk jakqqo j a{rqoq k j fmekrkgvk vmto fkmgqvr{o, jgvkq mctoqqukmq' Clvmtljq vkagolonmjq jh{fjrjc j tkraorrkr oajcmg`o kgvrk oq trmckmroq a{rqoq tor aorrkqtogfgamj k j toqqmbmlmfjfk fkmgvkrjo aogqkn{mfj aoc oq a{rqoq umj vklkumqo k, cjmq mgvkgqmujckgvk, aocoq a{rqoq ckfmjfoq tkloq aoct{vjfor8 j z{jrvj nkrjo fo Kgqmgo j Fmqvgamj(KJF-'

G{c trmckmro cockgvo, o aoct{vjfor tkrcmvm{ z{k vkpvoq eoqqkc vroajfoq umjaorrkmo klkavrgmao, g{cj aoc{gmajo jqqgarogj, k, vjcbc, vorgjgfotoqqukl j Aoc{gmajo Qgarogj fk urmjq tkqqojq, tor ckmo foq a`jvq' Aoco jtjrkamckgvoq fj Y^orlf ^mfk ^kbS # ^^^# vjcbc aog`kamfj aoco Vkmj

C{gfmjl o{ qmctlkqckgvk ^kb# o KJF tjqqj j vkr, aoc q{j {vmlmxjo, {cjjctlmjo fk q{j ajtjamfjfk fk kgajcmg`jckgvo k jtrkqkgvjo fkcjvkrmjmq k fk otkq fk tkqz{mqj, aoc o {qo foq fmekrkgvkq ckmoq tjqqukmqfk qkrkc {qjfjq gj ^kb'

V{fo mqqo lkuj j {cj kgorck jctlmjo fj mgvkrjavmumfjfk kgvrk oqtjrvmamtjgvkq fo troakqqo kf{ajvmuo' Kqvj mgvkrjavmumfjfk tjqqj j qkr toqquklvjgvo kgvrk troekqqor#jl{go, jl{go#jl{go, aoco kgvrk troekqqorkq#jl{goq kjl{goq#jl{goq' G{c ckqco ckmo toqqukl j aoc{gmajo fk {c#tjrj#{c,{c#tjrj#c{mvoq k c{mvoq#tjrj#c{mvoq' Qo kqvjq mgvkrjakq kgvrk oq jl{goq ktroekqqor/jl{go z{k trktjrjc o vkrrkgo tjrj bogq rkq{lvjfoq gjjtrkgfmxjnkc' O aog`kamckgvo vrjgqcmvmfo k vrjbjl`jfo aoljborjvmujckgvk karmjfoq qmngmemajfoq cjmq jctloq k cjmq troe{gfoq'

Aoc j kuol{o fj vkagolonmj, j nrjgfk aoc{gmfjfk fk mgeorcjo qk jctlmjajfj ukx cjmq' Jav{jlckgvk jaogvkak fk cjgkmrj cjmq jctlj, jvrjuq fjqmgvrjgkvq aortorjvmujq k fj Mgvkrgkv, e{gfjckgvjlckgvk tklj {vmlmxjo fjqekrrjckgvjq aoljborjvmujq fj ~kb 2'4# j ~kb z{k lmnj tkqqojq kc ukx fkaoct{vjforkq'

J trmckmrj nkrjo fj mgvkrgkv, j z{k jln{gq a`jcjc ^kb :'4, vkc aoco

trmgamtjl ajrjavkrqvmaj j kgorck z{jgvmfjfk fk mgeorcjo fmqtogukl, j z{kvofoq tofkrjcoq jakfkr' O tjtkl fo {vmlmxjfor gkqvk akgrmo krj o fk ckrokqtkavjfor fj jao z{k qk tjqqjuj gj tnmgj z{k umqmvjuj, go vkgfotkrcmqqo tjrj jlvkrjr o{ kfmvjr oq qk{q aogvkfoq'

J kuol{o tjrj j nkrjo fkgocmgjfj ^kb 2'4 q{rnk aoc {cj gouj k jctljnjcj fk ekrrjckgvjq oglmgk tjrj oq cjmq fmukrqoq trotqmvoq (blonq, ~mimq,tofajqvq, kfmvorkq fk tnmgjq oglmgk, ekrrjckgvjq aoljborjvmujq,-'J {vmlmxjofkqvkq rka{rqoq nrjv{mvj k mgv{mvmuj, go kpmnmgfo troe{gfoq aog`kamckgvoq fktronrjcjo o{ fk jcbmkgvkq qoemqvmajfoq mgeorcvmaoq, tjrj jakfkr jao kqobrkv{fo tjrj tjrvmamtjr gklj'

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Fk jaorfo aoc kqvj gouj emloqoemj o {vmlmxjfor vorgj#qk trof{vor fk mgeorcjo,fmqvrmb{mgfo k tjrvml`jgfo jvrjuq fj Mgvkrgkv oq qk{q aog`kamckgvoq fk eorcjrtmfj k eaml'

Aoco aogqkz{gamj, jtjrkak o k#lkjrgmgn, {q{er{mgfo fk fkqvj kuol{o jv

joq fmjq fk `ohk' O k#lkjrgmgn jqqkgvj goq aogakmvoq fj8

Aogukrqjo, Mgvkrjao, Tjrvml`j, Armjo k, Tjrvmamtjo

J rkljo `ockc/vkagolonmj kqv kqvjbklkamfj k kgvrj fkgvro fo troakqqokf{ajvmuo' Tjrj o troekqqor, kqvj z{kqvo vorgj#qk vjcbc trkckgvk kjgn{qvmjgvk, {cj ukx z{k klk vkc z{k rkjtrkgfkr j fkqkguolukr q{j jao

tkfjnnmaj kc {c o{vro aogvkpvo k j tjrvmr fk {c o{vro tjrjfmncj cjq,qjbkgfo z{k "o `{cjgo k o vkagolnmao go tofkc k go fkukc qkr umqvoqaoco eorjq jgvjngmajq gkqqk troakqqo, tomq, fo aogvrrmo, g{gaj vkrjcoq jtoqqmbmlmfjfk fk ukrcoq o vrm{geo fj amgamj k, gkc vo to{ao, j eklmamfjfk fjqtkqqojq"'

Jav{jlckgvk, o KJF vrjf{x {cj c{fjgj fo eoao fk kgqmgjr tjrj o jtrkgfkr kjakgv{j o tovkgamjl fj vkagolonmj aoco ckfmjforj fo troakqqo fk jakqqo,qkc fmqvgamj, jo kgqmgo k eorcjo'

Z{jgvo qmv{jo kc Torv{njl, jtrkqkgvj#qk jz{m {cj brkuk rkqkg`j fj`mqvrmj k kuol{o fo k#lkjrgmgn go goqqo tjq'

O z{k mct{lqmogo{ o k#lkjrgmgn

O z{k mct{lqmogo{ o k#lkjrgmgn eom {c aogh{gvo fk urmoq jqtkavoq, kqvkq qofkqfk vkagolnmaoq, kaogcmaoq, qoamjmq k fkconremaoq'

J rkuol{o vkagolnmaj foq aoct{vjforkq k fj Mgvkrgkv

Oq aoct{vjforkq tjqqjrjc j kqvjr trkqkgvkq gjq goqqjq umfjq, klkq kqvotrkqkgvkq kc ajqj, go vrjbjl`o, gjq mgqvmv{mkq fk kgqmgo k/o{ eorcjo k gjqkctrkqjq'

J nrjgfk kptloqo fj Mgvkrgkv jlvkro{ tor aoctlkvo o kqvmlo fk umfj fj cjmormjfoq mgfmuf{oq' Eorjc cofmemajfoq `bmvoq, cofoq fk vrjbjl`jr, fk rkjlmxjrgknamoq k jv ckqco j oa{tjo foq vkctoq lmurkq' [c gckro qmngmemajvmuofk tkqqojq oa{tj o qk{ vkcto j gjuknjr gj Mgvkrgkv, o{ ckqco kcaogekrgamjq kc vkcto rkjl aoc oq qk{q jcmnoq umrv{jmq'

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Tofk#qk jqqmc jemrcjr z{k j qoamkfjfk kuol{m bjqkjgfo#qk go focgmo fjmgeorcjo k fo aog`kamckgvo k z{k q{torvjfj tkljq rkfkq fmnmvjmq (Cmqqotjrj j Qoamkfjfk fj Mgeorcjo-'

Nlobjlmxjo fj kaogocmj

J nlobjlmxjo fj kaogocmj k j ekrox aogaorrgamj qo `ohk {cj rkjlmfjfk ktofk fmxkr#qk z{k rkq{lvjrjc fj rkuol{o vkagolnmaj foq aoct{vjforkq k fjMgvkrgkv'

Jq kctrkqjq k ornjgmxjkq vkgfo aoco ckvj j rkqtoqvj joq fkqjemoq z{kl`kq qo aoloajfoq, troa{rjc ajfj ukx cjmq rka{rqoq `{cjgoq aoc bojq`jbmlmvjkq k z{jlmemajkq troemqqmogjmq' Jqqmc, troa{rjc mgfmuf{oq armjvmuoq,kctrkkgfkforkq k tolmujlkgvkq' Tjrj jlc fmqvo, trkvkgfkc z{k kqqkqrka{rqoq `{cjgoq jav{jlmxkc jq q{jq jtrkgfmxjnkgq jvrjuq fk eorcjkqaogvg{jq vorgjgfo#oq fkqvk cofo jtvoq go jaoctjg`jckgvo foq fmvoq

fkqjemoq h rkekrmfoq'

Eorcjo Troemqqmogjl

Gkqvk c{gfo ogfk rkmgj j nlobjlmxjo k j kuol{o vkagolnmaj e{gfjckgvjl j kpmqvgamj fk vagmaoq k otkrjforkq ajtjxkq fk armjr k fjrcjg{vkgo j vofoq oq kz{mtjckgvoq kpmqvkgvkq' Gkqvk qkgvmfo, jq trtrmjqkctrkqjq ejbrmajgvkq vc mgvkrkqqk kc trotoramogjr eorcjo joq qk{qe{gamogrmoq jvrjuq fk a{rqoq fk akrvmemajo'

C{fjgj fk tjrjfmncj gj jtrkgfmxjnkc

J arkqakgvk kuol{o vkagolnmaj c{fo{ j eorcj aoco j jtrkgfmxjnkc kgajrjfj `ohk kc fmj' Jgvmnjckgvk j jtrkgfmxjnkc emajuj tkljq mfjfkq cjmqgoujq, cjq vjl h go qk ukrmemaj' Goq goqqoq fmjq e{gfjckgvjl jjtrkgfmxjnkc jo logno fj umfj, jqqkn{rjgfo fkqvj eorcj j jav{jlmxjo z{kramkgvemaj, z{kr vkagolnmaj' Gkqvk qkgvmfo, o k#lkjrgmgn q{rnk aoco {c gouotjrjfmncj fo kgqmgo/jtrkgfmxjnkc'

Jgfrjnonmj{cj cjgkmrj fmekrkgvk fk ol`jr j eorcjo

Gj lgn{j torv{n{kqj, o aogakmvo fk Jgfrjnonmj, vo rkakgvk z{k go toqq{m,jmgfj, {c l{njr goq goqqoq fmamogrmoq k kgamalotfmjq' Fk jaorfo aoc OrvmxHmcgkx (2442-, kqvk gkolonmqco eom trotoqvo tklj [GKQAO, kc q{bqvmv{mofj tjljurj Tkfjnonmj, tjrj fkqmngjr j amgamj fj eorcjo foq @ockgq, fkcofo j z{k go qk rktorvk j eorcjo k kf{ajo fjq armjgjq, cjq qmc kf{ajo tkrcjgkgvk'

C{fjgjq qoamjmq k fkconremajq go kgqmgo

Jav{jlckgvk, ukrmemaj#qk {c j{ckgvo fo gckro fk jl{goq aoc cjmq fk 2;jgoq j erkz{kgvjrkc mgqvmv{mkq fk kgqmgo q{tkrmor' Kqvk gouo nr{to fk

vrjbjl`jforkq#kqv{fjgvkq troa{rj `orrmoq cjmq elkpukmq k kc rknmck tq#ljborjl fk cofo j tofkrkc aogamlmjr aoc jq q{jq umfjq troemqqmogjmq'

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vjcbc mctorvjgvk rkekrmr o jtjrkamckgvo fk {c gouo nr{to fk jl{goq, oqqkgmorkq' C{mvoq mgfmuf{oq fktomq fk rkeorcjfoq troa{rjc oa{tjr o qk{vkcto aoc javmumfjfkq fk eorcjo amkgvemaj o{ `{cjgqvmaj, trocoukgfojqqmc j armjo fk {gmukrqmfjfkq qkgmorkq'

Aogvjavo {cjgo

C{mvjq armvmajq vc qmfo ekmvjq jo k#lkjrgmgn z{jgvo j{qgamj fo aogvjavo`{cjgo fmrkavo k jq fkemamgamjq nkrjfjq tor vjl ejavo' Fkekgqorkq fo k#lkjrgmgn jrn{ckgvjc, kgvjgvo, z{k j jtrkgfmxjnkc bjqkjfj kc vkagolonmjaoctkgqj j ejlvj fo aogvjavo `{cjgo fmrkavo aoc j armjo fk aoc{gmfjfkqumrv{jmq z{k mgvkrjnkc jvrjuq fk a`jvq, er{gq, kcjmlq, kva, kgrmz{kakgfo otroakqqo rkljamogjl fk tkqqojq aoc o ckqco mgvkrkqqk, cjq aoc fmekrkgvkqumqkq k loajlmxjfjq kc fmqvmgvjq rknmkq o{ tjqkq'

B#lkjrgmgn[cj fjq kuol{kq z{k {lvmcjckgvk qk rknmqvjrjc gj rkj fo k#lkjrgmgn eom orkaog`kamckgvo z{k tjrj lkaamogjr jln{cjq cjvrmjq k aogvkfoq fk ajrmxkqqkgamjlckgvk trvmao qo jmgfj gkakqqrmjq qkqqkq trkqkgamjmq, kgvo jkqqk vmto fk kgqmgo cmqvo fk trkqkgamjl k j fmqvgamj a`jcj#qk b#lkjrgmgn'Kqvj trvmaj fk kgqmgo j tkrekmvj aocbmgjo k mgvknrjo fjq fmekrkgvkqvkagolonjq k ckvofolonmjq fk jtrkgfmxjnkc k ujm jo kgaogvro fjqgkakqqmfjfkq kqtkamemajq fjq ornjgmxjkq ckl`orjgfo j kemaamj k jkemamgamj foq troakqqoq kf{ajvmuoq' Kqvj ckvofolonmj trocouk vjcbc jrkf{o fk a{qvoq k j cjpmcmxjo fj z{jlmfjfk fj

eorcjo'(`vvt8//~~~'goujbjqk'tv/Aogvk{foq@VCL/CEblkgfkflkjrgmgn'tfe-tjrj o{vrjq lkmv{rjq rkekrkgvkq jo vkcj mgal{o {c blon{k mgvkrkqqjgvk aoc lmgiqj fmekrkgvkq jrvmnoq z{k jborfjc kqvj vkcvmaj fo b #lkjrgmgn'`vvt8//blonq'{j'tv/blon{okl/?t3::

Jq "jrcjfml`jq" (cmvoq, arkgjq- fo k#lkjrgmgn

Gj fajfj fk =4 nkgkrjlmxo{#qk j mfkmj fk z{k j jtrkgfmxjnkc aoc rka{rqoqj goujq vkagolonmjq to{tjuj vkcto k fmg`kmro, j{ckgvjuj j kemaamj ktrotoramogjuj vjcbc cjmq qjvmqejo aoctjrjvmujckgvk jtrkgfmxjnkcaogukgamogjl (Rkmgcjg, 2445-' Kqvjq kptkavjvmujq umkrjc j rkukljr#qk

kpjnkrjfjq, qkgfo gkakqqrmo troakfkr q{j fkqaogqvr{o8

:- cmvo fj rjtmfkx # j jtrkgfmxjnkc go qk fkmpj jaklkrjr qkn{gfo oq goqqoqfkqkhoq' {c troakqqo z{k rkz{kr vkcto, mgfktkgfkgvkckgvk fk mgal{mr o{go gouoq ckmoq fk aoc{gmajo (Ae' Qmkbkrv, 244: amv mg Rkmgcjg, 2445-'

2- cmvo fj rkf{o foq a{qvoq # jekavo{ fk eorcj tjrvma{ljrckgvk f{rj jkaogocmj, tomq j kptkavjvmuj fk z{k j jtrkgfmxjnkc aoc gouoq ckmoq fkaoc{gmajo to{tjuj vkcto k fmg`kmro gj eorcjo aogvg{j eom, kc ljrnjckfmfj, fkerj{fjfj' C{mvjq kctrkqjq rkf{xmrjc oq qk{q tljgoq fk k#lkjrgmgn,mgmamjlckgvk aogakbmfoq g{c jcbmkgvk fk k{eormj, lmcmvjgfo o {qo fo kgqmgoklkavrgmao j jakq fk eorcjo kc cjqqj fkqvmgjfjq j cmgmqvrjraog`kamckgvoq k aoctkvgamjq qmctlkq (Rkmgcjg, 2445-'

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1- O cmvo fj kemaamj mgkrkgvk jtrkgfmxjnkc aoc gouoq ckmoq fkaoc{gmajo' Jmgfj `ohk aogvmg{jc j qkr trocoumfoq emgjgakmrjckgvktrohkavoq fk ckmoq fk aoc{gmajo, qkn{gfo armvrmoq gkc qkctrkvrjgqtjrkgvkq, qkc z{k qk qjmbj, gj cjmor tjrvk fjq ukxkq, ogfk, z{jgfo kaoco oq gouoq ckmoq fk aoc{gmajo tofkc ckl`orjr ukrfjfkmrjckgvk k fk

eorcj q{qvkgvjfj j jtrkgfmxjnkc (C{lvmckfmj Iogvor @jcb{rn QkrumoC{lvmcfmj fk @jcb{rno? k CCB Mgqvmv{v er Ckfmkg# {gfIoctkvkgxeorqa`{gn YMgqvmv{vo CCB tjrj j Mgukqvmnjo foq Ckmoq fkAoc{gmajo k fjq Aoctkvgamjq, 2446 amv mg Rkmgcjg, 2445-'

6- O cmvo fj cjmor qjvmqejo # aoc j umvrmj fj mgeorcvmaj vmukcoq c{mvovkcto j kqtkrjgj fk goq vkrcoq emgjlckgvk lmurjfo fo kqeoro fk jtrkgfkr'Cjq o trkqq{toqvo fk z{k j jtrkgfmxjnkc tofk qkr qkctrk {c trjxkrvjcbc {cj ejlamj8 jtrkgfkr mctlmaj qob c{mvoq togvoq fk umqvj vrjbjl`o,vrjbjl`o lmnjfo aogakgvrjo k jo kqeoro' Go qk gknj z{k o kqeoro tofktrotoramogjr vjcbc qkn{rjckgvk qjvmqejo k z{k j jtrkgfmxjnkc umrv{jl

gkakqqmvj {rnkgvkckgvk fk kqvjbklkakr lmnjo aoc jq kcokq fo eorcjgfo'O z{k {c ejavo z{k j jtrkgfmxjnkc kc jcbmkgvkq umrv{jmq go kz{mujlkgvk j {cj mfj jo amgkcj o{ j {c tjrz{k fk fmukrqkq (Rkmgcjg,2445-'

JQ RKFKQ ' Z[K C[FJGJQ GO KGQMGO VRJFMAMOGJL?

Aoco mgel{kgamjc jq rkfkq o troakqqo kf{ajvmuo?

G{gaj kg lj `mqvormj fk lj kf{ajamg kqvj qk ` umqvo vjg trkqmogjfj aoc lj

mgaortorjamg fk fmekrkgvkq vkagolonmjq fk lj mgeorcjamg k aoc{gmajamg, vjgvokg lj ukrvmkgvk eorcjl, aoco kg lj mgeorcjl o go eorcjl' Hlmo Ajbkro

Aoc o fkqkguolumckgvo fj qoamkfjfk fk mgeorcjojln{cjqvrjgqeorcjkq vc umgfo j oaorrkr gj kqekrj fo kgqmgo vrjfmamogjlajrjavkrmxjfo tor ckvofolonmjq to{ao elkpukmq k {gmeorcmxjfjq jo gukl fjqujrmukmq fk kqtjo, fk vkcto k fk jao8 Vofoq kl cmqco l{njr, jl cmqcovmkcto, rkjlmxjgfo ljq cmqcjq javmumfjfkq fk jtrkgfmxjhk' Qjlmgjq'

Fk ejavo, k aogqmfkrjgfo o kgqmgo aogukgamogjl aoco {cj kqvr{v{rj kornjgmxjo rnmfj k trkfkvkrcmgjfj8 aoc {c ramo fk troekqqor jl{go fk {ctjrj vrmgvj9 vmcmgnq fk jtrkgfmxjnkgq fmqamtlmgjrkq fkemgmfoq kc `orrmoq trkljborjfoq k mgelkpukmq9 qjljq fk j{lj oa{tjfjq tor vkctoq fkemgmfoq kobhkavmuoq tronrjcvmaoq j jvmgnmr (go fo jl{go- go(?- tjrkak z{k jq VMAtrouoz{kc c{fjgjq mctorvjgvkq gj eorcj fk kgqmgjr'

Torc, aoc j mctlkckgvjo k o jakqqo q rkfkq tofkc aogqvmv{mrkpaklkgvkq rka{rqoq tjrj oq jl{goq k troekqqorkq tjrj z{k j fmckgqokf{ajamogjl toqqj jqq{cmr {cj tkrqtkavmuj cjmq nlobjl, mgvkrjavmuj,vrjgqfmqamtlmgjr k aoljborjvmuj k z{k j jtrkgfmxjnkc q{rhj qkn{gfo {c cofklocjmq akgvrjfo go jl{go' Vjcbc jo gukl fjq vagmajq k kqvrjvnmjq fmfvmajqqk tofkc aogarkvmxjr jln{cjq, vjmq aoco8 Ljq vkagmajq {go qolo, {go j {go }c{a`oq j c{a`oq vo rklkujgvkq gj `mqvrmj fo k#lkjrgmgn'

Gkqvk aogvkpvo, go goq tofkcoq kqz{kakr z{k jq VMA go qo tor qmq, rkqtogqukmq tkljq ujqvjq toqqmbmlmfjfkq fk c{fjgj k fk kgrmz{kamckgvoa{rrma{ljr' Fk ejavo, vorgj#qk mctrkqamgfukl armjr gjq ejclmjq, gj kqaolj k gj

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qoamkfjfk {cj a{lv{rj fk vkagolonmj z{k tkrcmvj aog`kakr jq ujgvjnkgq krmqaoq fkqvk gouo rka{rqo' O{ qkhj, gkakqqrmo fkqkguolukr jakqkf{ajvmujq rkljamogjfjq aoc o {qo, qklkao, {vmlmxjo k ornjgmxjo fjmgeorcjo fk eorcj j fkqkguolukr go jl{go jvmv{fkq toqmvmujq gj q{j goujrkljo aoc o aog`kamckgvo'

Gj ukrfjfk, j goqqj qoamkfjfk kgaogvrj#qk q{hkmvj j nrjgfkq c{fjgjqa{lv{rjmq, kaogcmajq k vkagolnmajq kpmnmgfo z{k o qmqvkcj kf{ajvmuo fkemgjgouoq obhkavmuoq k rkqtogfj q gkakqqmfjfkq fjq tkqqojq fk `ohk' K `ohk goa`knj q kf{ajr tjrj o kctrkno' @ohk kpmnk#qk {cj gouj umqo kf{ajvmuj z{ktrkukhj, vjcbc, j kf{ajo tjrj j umfj, j kf{ajo tjrj o c{gfo, jkf{ajo tjrj o fkqkguolumckgvo tkqqojl k kf{ajo tjrj o oamo / vkctoqlmurkq'

Fk ejavo, vkc#qk ukrmemajfo z{k oq kmpoq tolvmaoq fo qmqvkcj kf{ajvmuovc qmfo fkvkrcmgjfoq tklj kf{ajo eorcjl' Torc, gkqvj gouj krj, jkf{ajo mgeorcjl (vkctoq lmurkq- roctk aoc jq bjrrkmrjq kqtjo#vkctorjmq k

cjgmekqvj#qk go troakqqo fk kgqmgo#jtrkgfmxjnkc mgujfmgfo oq gouoq`ormxogvkq fo kqtjo fmnmvjl z{k toqqmbmlmvj o jakqqo j tjrz{kq vkcvmaoq,c{qk{q umrv{jmq, amgk#fmnmvjl k ufko#honoq, mctklmgfo tjrj j aogqvr{o fkgouoq akgrmoq kf{ajvmuoq'

Vjcbc, goq aogvkpvoq fk kf{ajo eorcjl, jq rkfkq tofkc qkr{qjfjq aoco rka{rqoq kc fmekrkgvkq qmv{jkq fk kgqmgo, gockjfjckgvk8 gokgqmgo k jtrkgfmxjnkc kc nrjgfk nr{to9 vrjbjl`o v{vormjl kc tkz{kgo nr{to9vrjbjl`o go q{tkrumqjfo kc tkz{kgoq nr{toq j{vokqv{fo mgfmumf{jl goajct{q, j{vokqv{fo mgfmumf{jl fmqvgamj' Vofoq qjbkcoq z{k jq VMA vcumgfo j mgel{kgamjr vofoq oq gukmq fk kf{ajo, aogv{fo fkgovj#qk {c cjmormctjavo fkqvkq ckmoq go kgqmgo q{tkrmor' Jz{m, aoc o {qo fjq qjljq umrv{jmq,tkrqtkavmuj#qk {c kgqmgo cmqvo z{k aocbmgk o kgqmgo trkqkgamjl aoc {ckgqmgo elkpukl k fmqvgamj' Gkqvk cbmvo j eorcjo aogvg{j vorgo{#qk g{cnrjgfk fkqjemo tjrj kqvk gouo kqtjo kf{ajvmuo kc rkfk fk eorcj j rkqtogfkrq gkakqqmfjfkq kf{ajvmujq trouoajfjq tklj kuol{o qoamjl k vkagolnmaj'

Vjcbc j eorcjo jo logno fj umfj nkro{ j gkakqqmfjfk fk qk armjrkqtjoq jlvkrgjvmuoq fk jtrkgfmxjnkc k, gkqvk vmto fk eorcjo oq jcbmkgvkqvkagolnmaoq trocoukc j mgfmumf{jlmxjo k j{vonkqvo fj jtrkgfmxjnkctkrcmvmgfo z{k o mgfmuf{o q jtrkgfj z{jgfo gkakqqmvjr' Obumjckgvk z{k,c{mvoq tjqkq jmgfj qk kgaogvrjc g{cj ejqk fk mctlkckgvjo, tklo z{k,jmgfj go govjfj rkjl mgel{gamj z{k j vkagolonmj tofk vkr gj trvmaj

kf{ajvmuj'Torc, o aogakmvo fk rkfk aoco {c mctorvjgvk bjgao fk mgeorcjo fkkptkrmgamjq k rka{rqoq tofk trouoajr c{fjgjq mctorvjgvkq gj eorcj fkkgqmgjr, vjgvo goq troekqqorkq aoco goq jl{goq (Qjlmgjq-' K, gkqvk aogvkpvo mctorvjgvk z{k jq kqaoljq jtrkgfjc j c{fjr tjrj fmekrkgvkq eorcjq fkjtrkgfkr fk cofo j z{k o tovkgamjl fjq VMA vrjnj ujgvjnkgq tjrj ajfj jl{go'

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J Brka`j Fmnmvjl

Jq VMA jctlmjc o{ fmcmg{kc j brka`j fmnmvjl? Ejuorkakc#gj o{trkh{fmajc#gj?

Jqqmqvm{#qk, gjq lvmcjq fajfjq j {c fkqkguolumckgvo jaklkrjfo fjqVMA trouoajfo tklj aogh{go fk fmukrqoq ejavorkq, gockjfjckgvk kuol{ofoq qmqvkcjq, joq jujgoq gj klkavrgmaj k aogukrngamj vkagolnmaj fjqmgfqvrmjq fk vklkaoc{gmajkq, mgeorcvmaj k j{fmoumq{jl (mgf{qvrmjq z{kjgvkrmorckgvk qk kgaogvrjujc qktjrjfjq-' Kqvj gouj umqo vkagolnmaj kvrjgqfmamtlmgjr mctq#qk go ckrajfo aoc j trof{o fk gouoq qmqvkcjq, gouoqqkrumoq, goujq rkfkq, goujq aoc{gmajkq, aogvrmb{mgfo tjrj ofkqkguolumckgvo fj fmumqo kgvrk gjkq, aoc{gmfjfkq k tjqkq, o{ qkhj, tjrjo (rk- q{rnmckgvo fj brka`j fmnmvjl'

Kqvj umqo ckrajgvmlmqvj fjq Vkagolonmjq fk Mgeorcjo k Aoc{gmajoejx aoc z{k o trtrmo tofkr qkhj fmnmvjlmxjfo k mgeorcjvmxjfo k trouoz{k {c

jbmqco kaogcmao kgvrk oq tjqkq kpakqqmujckgvk rmaoq k oq tjqkqkpakqqmujckgvk tobrkq' Gj ukrfjfk, oq tjqkq z{k kptlorjc kqvjqtovkgamjmq mgfqvrmjq to{ao, o{ gjfj vc ekmvo, kc trol foq tjqkq aoc erjaoqrka{rqoq, fjgfo rjxo j Cjra`kqmz{jgfo jemrcj z{k j Mgvkrgkv qk aogukrvk{g{cj tofkroqj aj{qj fk fkqmn{jlfjfk'

Jakgv{jc#qk, kgvo jq rov{rjq k fmukrngamjq kgvrk nr{toq fk tkqqojqqoamjlckgvk k kaogocmajckgvk fmqvmgvjq8 o nr{to foq z{k go vc k go qok o nr{to foq z{k toqq{kc k kpmqvkc' J ukrfjfk z{k oq z{k kqvjujc gjcjrnkc j tkrcjgkakc (jnorj, vjcbc, mgeokpal{foq- k j brka`j fmnmvjltjrkak jakgv{jr#qk*''''

Kqvk aogakmvo fk brka`j fmnmvjl vkc umgfo j kgrmz{kakr#qk jo logno foq vkctoq'K, jav{jlckgvk kqvk ekgckgo tofk kqvjr jqqoamjfo j fmekrkgvkq qmv{jkq k jfmekrkgvkq aogvkpvoq8

toqqmbmlmfjfk o{ go toqqmbmlmfjfk fk jakqqo9 Jo {qo foq rka{rqoq mgvknrjfoq gjq VMA, rkekrk#qk q z{k

jakfkc joq qkrumoq , cjq go qjbkc aoco {q#loq9 z{jlmfjfk foq qkrumoq9 ajtjamvjo foq {q{rmoq Ukrmemaj#qk o jtjrkamckgvo fo

aogakmvo fk jlejbkvmxjo fmnmvjl jqqoamjfo jo aogakmvo fk brka`jfmnmvjl'

Jgjlmqjgfo, o z{k eom fmvo tofkrkcoq jemrcjr z{k fk ejavo jq VMA vmukrjc

{c tjtkl trktogfkrjgvk go fkqkguolumckgvo fj brka`j fmnmvjl' Aogv{fo,jln{gq mgfamoq tjrkakc rkukljr z{k j brka`j fmnmvjl tjrkak kqvjr j rkf{xmr'

Kqvj fbml rkf{o rkelkavk#qk go j{ckgvo fo {qo fk jln{gq qkrumoqVMA, gockjfjckgvk o vklkeogk, vklkcukl, Mgvkrgkv, k fk aoct{vjforkqtorvvkmqKqvo{ aogemjgvk z{k aoc j mctlkckgvjo nlobjl fj rkfk vklkcvmaj, k aoc jmctlkckgvjo qmqvkcvmaj fk gouoq qkrumoq k gouoq jaorfoq, jq VMA ukg`jcj vkr {c tjtkl e{gfjckgvjl gj rkf{o fkqvj fmumqo kgvrk oq touoq'

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VMA

Jln{cjq mfkmjq qobrk jq VMA

O Fkqkguolumckgvo fjq VMA ukmo rkuol{amogjr o aoctorvjckgvo `{cjgogj q{j fmckgqo mgfmumf{jl, qoamjl, kf{ajvmuj, tolvmaj k kaogcmaj' J eorcjaoco `ohk qk mgvkrjnk aoc jq gkakqqmfjfkq fk qjbkr, aog`kakr k tjrvml`jr o{aoc jq toqqmbmlmfjfkq fk armjr ara{loq fk jcmnoq, fk mgvkrkqqkq o{ fk a{lv{rjq,vorgo{#qk fmekrkgvk fj fk ogvkc' Tjrkak z{k v{fo o z{k ckgq{rukl,kpmqvkgvk o{ z{m mrrkjl, qk kgaogvrj rkvmfo gj qmctlkq jao fk trkqqmogjr {cbovo, vkaljr {cj vkalj o{ nkrmr {c a{rqor' J mgeorcjo kqv lono jlm, k qjbkrnkrm#lj jtrkgfkr j aog`kakr' Qjbkr qklkaamog#lj fklmgkjr o ajcmg`o tjrjogfk k tor ogfk qk z{kr mr'

Oq ejavorkq vkcto, kqtjoq k jctlmv{fk fk aogvkfoq mgkrkgvkq j kqvjqgoujq vkagolonmjq umkrjc trouoajr c{fjgjq gjq eorcjq fk jz{mqmo fk

a{lv{rjq trouoajgfo jlvkrjkq qobrk oq tjtmq fo mgfmuf{o gj qoamkfjfk' K,aoc jq VMA, c{fjc, mn{jlckgvk, jq eorcjq fk aoc{gmajr, trouoajgfo gouoqaoctorvjckgvoq qoamjmq k jlvkrjo goq tkremq fk tkrqogjlmfjfk'Aogqkz{kgvkckgvk vkr fk c{fjr j goqqj umqo foq armjgjq fk `ohk, tomq,tkrjgvk vjmq jlvkrjkq, go tofkcoq kqz{kakr z{k, jav{jlckgvk, vjl aoco fmxCkjf, kqvjcoq armjgfo armjgjq fkqaog`kamfjq tjrj {c c{gfofkqaog`kamfo

Kc q{cj, j trkqkgj fjq VMA mctq#qk go fkqkgroljr foqjaogvkamckgvoq cjmq qmctlkq o{ fjq qmv{jkq cjmq aoctlkpjq k fk{ {c gouor{co q gokq fk fmqvgamj, fk kqtjo k fk vkcto' J mgeorcjo emao{ cjmqtrpmcj, cjmq eaml, rtmfj k ukloxcjmq trkqkgvk o{ ocgmtrkqkgvk kc z{jqk

vofoq oq jqtkavoq fj goqqj umfj' Fk vjl eorcj trkqkgvk z{k tofk aogf{xmr j{cj qjv{rjo mgeorcjvmuj fkumfo t{blmajo fmnmvjl k toqqmbmlmfjfk fkjakqqo fj mgeorcjo gj Mgvkrgkv' Go kgvjgvo, go tofkcoq kqz{kakr z{k jq c{fjgjq nkrjc fmema{lfjfkq k mgakrvkxjq, cjq vjcbc armjc gouoqkqtjoq k otorv{gmfjfk' Jqqoamjfj jo fkqkguolumckgvo fjq VMA jtjrkak {cgouo aogakmvo rkljamogjfo aoc j mgeo#kpalqo8 J Brka`j Fmnmvjl'

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gouoq akgrmoq kf{ajvmuoq

Z{k gouoq akgrmoq fk jtrkgfmxjnkc q{rnkc aoc jq rkfkq?Aoc j jtlmajo fjq goujq vkagolonmjq go ckmo kf{ajvmuo aoco eorcj fk

rkqtoqvj q goujq gkakqqmfjfkq qoamjmq, a{lv{rjmq, tolmvmajq k kaogcmajq,q{rnkc gouoq jcbmkgvkq fk jtrkgfmxjnkc z{k, kcborj go ukg`jc jq{bqvmv{mr jq j{ljq vrjfmamogjmq aoctlkckgvjc k fmukrqmemajc j oekrvjkf{ajvmuj, qmc{lvjgkjckgvk, jbrkc##qk goujq tkrqtkavmujq tjrj o aogakmvo fkkqtjo k fk vkcto' Aogv{fo, tjrj z{k oaorrj {cj c{fjgj qmngmemajvmuj gkakqqrmo z{k vofoq oq klkckgvoq fj aoc{gmfjfk kf{ajvmuj tjrvmamtkc fkqqjckqcj c{fjgj k qk vorgkc klkckgvoq javmuoq fj aogqvr{o fk gouoqakgrmoq' K kc z{k aogqmqvkc kqvkq akgrmoq? Orj kc kf{ajo {c akgrmo ,z{jqk qkctrk, o rkljvo fo z{k qk tjqqj g{c fmj o{ g{cj fkvkrcmgjfjqmv{jo rkljvmuj jo kqv{fjgvk o{ jo troekqqor' Kc q{cj, {c kqakgrmo umkgkj qkr lj fkqarmamg, kg fkvjllk, fk z{k lo kqvjcoq aogambmkgfo o mcjnmgjgfo }

fk lo z{k qmngmemajrmj,llkujfo rkjlmfjf tjrj {c nr{to tjrvma{ljr' K, tjrvmamtjrgkqvj fkqarmo k aogqvr{o fk akgrmoq jh{fj j aoctrkkgfkr vofo otroakqqo fk c{fjgj jo gukl fjq aoorfkgjfjq kqtjamo#vkctorjmq, obhkavmuoq,aogvkfoq, ckvofolonmjq, kqvrjvnmjq, rka{rqoqJqqmc, k go javo fk tkgqjr k armjr ajfj akgrmo e{gfjckgvjl vkr trkqkgvk jfmqtogmbmlmfjfk vkagolnmaj k jq ajrjavkrqvmajq fjq aoctogkgvkq fo troakqqokf{ajvmuo, trmgamtjlckgvk jq ajrjavkrqvmajq foq {q{rmoq' Gj ukrfjfk, ajfj{c fklkq rkuklj tkrqogjlmfjfkq k mfkgvmfjfkq trtrmjq' Ajfj {c aocmgvkrkqqkq, gkakqqmfjfkq k gukmq fk mgfktkgfgamj fmekrkgvk fj fo o{vro' Fkejavo, o mctjavo z{k jq VMA kpkrakrjc go kgqmgo aogukgamogjl jlc fk vorgjrj jtrkgfmxjnkc cjmq elkpukl, mgvkrjavmuj k fmgcmaj aogvrmb{rjc nrjgfkckgvk

tjrj o jtjrkamckgvo fk gouoq akgrmoq' K, fkqvj eorcj tofkcoq aogvkctljr8 jjtrkgfmxjnkc kc ajqj9 j jtrkgfmxjnkc go toqvo fk vrjbjl`o k jjtrkgfmxjnkc g{c akgvro fk rka{rqoq fk jtrkgfmxjnkc o{ akgvro fk rka{rqoqc{lvmcfmj'

K kc z{k fmekrkc ajfj {c fkqvkq akgrmoq?Gj jtrkgfmxjnkc kc ajqj 8 j fmqtogmbmlmfjfk vkagolnmaj k oq rka{rqoq

qo lmcmvjfoq9 j jtrkgfmxjnkc ekmvj, gorcjlckgvk, jvrjuq foq ajgjmqalqqmaoq9 j rkfk {vmlmxjfj aoco ekkfbjai fj aoc{gmajo aoc o troekqqor,o{vroq jl{goq k aoc oq akgvroq fk jtrkgfmxjnkc' Trku#qk {c nrjgfkarkqamckgvo fkqvk vmto fk jtrkgfmxjnkc fkumfo nrjgfk ajtjamfjfk fkaoc{gmajo k fj (e{v{rj- kpmqvgamj foq cjvkrmjmq fk jtrkgfmxjnkc gj rkfk'

Fkqvj eorcj z{kqvmogo#ck qk, fk ejavo j jtrkgfmxjnkc kc ajqj, e{v{rjckgvk,go qkr o cofklo cjmq kptjgfmfo, tomq, tjrkak#ck z{k j fmqtogmbmlmfjfkvkagolnmaj, j jakqqmbmlmfjfk kqtjamjl, fmqtogmbmlmfjfk vkctorjl k ojqqkqqqorjckgvo k jtomo mro tkrcmvmr {cj boj k kemajx z{jlmfjfk fk kgqmgo'

Gj jtrkgfmxjnkc go vrjbjl`o jq ajrjavkrqvmajq rkekrkgamjfjq kqvofktkgfkgvkq fo tkreml k fkqkguolumckgvo fk ajfj kctrkqj' Gkqvk cofklo jjtrkgfmxjnkc jtomj#qk kc tronrjcjq fk eorcjo kpvkrgoq' Aoco vjl, z{k jqtoqqmbmlmfjfkq fk fmqtogmbmlmfjfk vkagolnmaj, fk jakqqmbmlmfjfk kqtjamjl, fkfmqtogmbmlmfjfk vkctorjl k fk jqqkqqqorjckgvo k jtomo qk cjgmekqvjc fk erjajz{jlmfjfk'

Gj jtrkgfmxjnkc goq akgvroq fk rka{rqoq8 o akgvro fk rka{rqoq tofkqkr aogqmfkrjfo aoco {c loajl z{k o jl{go tofk erkz{kgvjr' Qk aogqmfkrjr#coq j toqqmbmlmfjfk fk kqvkq akgvroq qk jqq{cmrkc aoco {c aogh{gvo fk

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qkrumoq vrjgqfmqamtlmgjrkq , ogfk trkujlkjc fmqvmgvoq cbmvoq kf{ajvmuoq,vklkvrjbjho, qkrumoq mgqvmv{amogjmq, armjo fk ckfmjvkaj,k jo ckqco vkctoa{ctrj j e{go fk lmnjo aoc o kpvkrmor, kgvo o Akgvro fk Rka{rqoq fkjtrkgfmxjnkc vkgfrmj z{k togkr loq rka{rqo fk lj trtrmj mgqvmv{mamg go qolo jfmqtoqmamg fk loq q{q trotmoq {q{rmoq, cjq qmgo fk vofoq loq toqqmbmlkq

{q{rmoq z{k jaakfjg tor lj rkf'K fkqvj eorcj jq ujrmukmq fk fmqtogmbmlmfjfkvkagolnmaj, fk jakqqmbmlmfjfk kqtjamjl, fk fmqtogmbmlmfjfk vkctorjl k fkjqqkqqqorjckgvo k jtomo mgkrkgvkq j kqvk vmto fk jtrkgfmxjnkc qkroklkckgvoq ejamlmvjforkq fj ckqcj'