Diseño y Ensayo Ciclonettes

8/12/2019 Diseo y Ensayo Ciclonettes

1/58

Design of an Energy-saving Hydrocyclonefor Wheat Starch Separation

Vxj, May 2009

Thesis no: TD 052/2009

Vernica Siz Rubio

Department of Mechanical Engineering

School of Technology and Design,TD


2/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! # !

Organisation/ Organization Frfattare/Author(s)

VXJ UNIVERSITET Vernica Siz RubioInstitutionen fr teknik och designVxj University

School of Technology and Design

Dokumenttyp/Type of document Handledare/tutor Examinator/examiner

Examensarbete/ Degree project Francisco Rovira Ms Samir Khoshaba

Titel och undertitel/Title and subtitle

Design of an Energy-saving Hydrocyclone for Wheat Starch separation

Abstract (in English)

The nearly unlimited applications and uses of starch for food industry make this natural polymer a unique

component; no other constituent can provide consistence and storage stability to such a large variety of foods.Starch can be extracted from agricultural produce through either chemical processes or physical separation. Thelatter involves the application of centrifugal forces by means of hydrocyclones. A hydrocylcone is a device whichseparates, through physical methods, two phases of different densities. There are three flows involved: the feed(mixture introduced in the hydrocyclone), the overflow (the least dense part) and the underflow (the densestpart). Normally, the underflow part, or commonly known as heavies, is the desirable part that compan ies keep,this is, the starch. Despite hydrocyclones are not very expensive devices, current-based hydrocyclones demandhigh energy rates. This work describes the design and testing of energy-saving hydrocyclones for extractingstarch from wheat. Eight prototypes were built and tested at Larsson Mekaniska Verkstad AB (Bromlla,Sweden). This company makes process equipment for the starch industry and was the one with which the authorcollaborated during the ellaboration of the Degree Project. Six of the eight hydrocyclones were built by Larsson;another was a commercial hydrocyclone and the last one was the one figured out after reading some literatureand updates in the hydrocyclones field. The experiments consist of trying the eight hydrocyclones under differentconditions, combining concentrations (153 g/L and 237 g/L) and pressures (500 Pa and 700 Pa). Theexperimental results proved the importance of geometry on hydrocyclone design, and showed the effect ofgeometrical parameters on the energy-saving properties of cyclones. Four of the eight new models behavedsatisfactorily for low energy and high efficiency conditions, obtained with inlet pressures of 500 kPa and starchconcentrations of 237 g/L.

Key WordsHydrocyclones, starch separation, wheat starch

Utgivningsr/Year of issue Sprk/Language Antal sidor/Number of pages

2009 English 58

Internet/WWW http://www.vxu.se/bib/diva/uppsatser/forf/


3/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! ## !

!"#$% '( )'*+%*+,

-.'/%)+ 0"+" ,1%%+ """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 2

!"#$% '( )'*+%*+, """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 22

32,+ '( "44%*02)%, """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 22

32,+ '( (256.%, """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 222

32,+ '( +"#$%, """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 27

81"4+%. 9 : ;*+.'06)+2'* """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 9

81"4+%. : D%,6$+, "*0 02,)6,,2'* """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" C

81"4+%. C: G)H*'I$%05%B%*+, """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" >J

81"4+%. ?: D%(%.%*)%, """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" FK

32,+ '( "44%*02)%,

G44%*02L ;: 67897: ; ?9BC =>DB%EF =>DB%E


4/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! ### !

32,+ '( (256.%,

M256.% 331/1&-/+ /S*R&2 3'* )&2)&. /+/4'-&2 ,) $WX KY9 HZ [:\J '3 3&&. /'-/&-)*,)1'-

,-. WMM VG, HW Q,*2J '3 .&4), 5*&22S*& ................................................................................#(

M256.% >NNF" >331/1&-/+ /S*R&2 3'* A+.*'/+/4'-& $ ,) .133&*&-) /'-.1)1'-2 '3 /'-/&-)*,)1'-

,-. .&4), 5*&22S*& ..............................................................................................................*%

M256.% >NC" >331/1&-/+ /S*R&2 3'* A+.*'/+/4'-& # ,) .133&*&-) /'-.1)1'-2 '3 /'-/&-)*,)1'-

,-. .&4), 5*&22S*& .............................................................................................................*)

M256.% >N?N>331/1&-/+ /S*R&2 3'* A+.*'/+/4'-& X ,) .133&*&-) /'-.1)1'-2 '3 /'-/&-)*,)1'-

,-. .&4), 5*&22S*& ..............................................................................................................*&

M256.% >NENB-4&) 251*,4 3'* 0+.*'/+/4'-& X ..........................................................................*(

M256.% >NJ" >331/1&-/+ /S*R&2 3'* A+.*'/+/4'-& N ,) .133&*&-) /'-.1)1'-2 '3 /'-/&-)*,)1'-

,-. .&4), 5*&22S*& .............................................................................................................$"

M256.% >N9K" >331/1&-/+ /S*R&2 3'* A+.*'/+/4'-& W ,) .133&*&-) /'-.1)1'-2 '3 /'-/&-)*,)1'-

,-. .&4), 5*&22S*& .............................................................................................................$!

M256.% >N99" >331/1&-/+ /S*R&2 3'* A+.*'/+/4'-& ^ ,) .133&*&-) /'-.1)1'-2 '3 /'-/&-)*,)1'-

,-. .&4), 5*&22S*& .............................................................................................................$#

M256.% >N9331/1&-/+ /S*R&2 3'* A+.*'/+/4'-& Z ,) .133&*&-) /'-.1)1'-2 '3 /'-/&-)*,)1'-

,-. .&4), 5*&22S*& ..............................................................................................................$$


5/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! #$ !

32,+ '( +"#$%,

!"#$%


6/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! % !

81"4+%. 9

;*+.'06)+2'*

7- &331/1&-) 2&5,*,)1'- '3 2),*/0 ,-. 5*')&1- 1- 5*1(,*+ ,K*1/S4)S*,4

5*'.S/)2 12 R1),4 3'* )0& 3''. 1-.S2)*+" 6,-+ Q,21/ K*,1-2 2S/0 ,2 ),51'/,

HD,&-K/0,- &) ,4"L #MM`J '* 51- (144&. /01/V5&, K*,1- H>(,(1 &) ,4"L #MMWJ

*&aS1*& , K''. 2&5,*,)1'- '3 2),*/0 ,-. 5*')&1- 3'* 1)2 3S*)0&* S2&" 80&*& &I12)

R,*1'S2 50+21/,4 (&)0'.2 3'* 2),*/0 2&5,*,)1'-L ,-. ,4)0'SK0 DR,*'R2V+ H$`ZNJ

0,2 2SKK&2)&. )0& S2& '3 0+.*'/+/4'-&2 3'* 2),*/0 2&5,*,)1'- 3'* ('*& )0,-

)P&-)+ +&,*2L *&2&,*/0&*2 ,*& 2)144 1-R&2)1K,)1-K )0& Q&-&31)2 '3 /+/4'-&)&/0-'4'K+ 3'* 50+21/,4 2&5,*,)1'-"


7/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! & !

%*'((&*2 &) ,4" H#MMNJL 2(,44 K&'(&)*1/,4 /0,-K&2 '- )0& 0+.*'/+/4'-&2 0,R&

2)*'-K 1-34S&-/&2 '- )0& 'S)/'(&2" 80& 2&) '3 5*'/&22 5,*,(&)&*2 /,- Q&

2&4&/)&. Q+ 5,1*2 H>(,(1 &) ,4"L #MMWJL '* /'-R&*2&4+ Q+ , )0*&&3'4. *&4,)1'-2015

H;0S &) ,4"L #MM#QJ" B) 12 1(5'*),-) )' .&21K- )0& 0+.*'/+/4'-& ,//'*.1-K )' )0&),*K&) 5S*2S&. H;0S &) ,4"L #MM#,J" 80& K',4 2&) Q+ ;0S &) ,4" H#MMMJ 1- )0&1*

.&21K- P,2 K&))1-K )0& 01K0&2) 2,R1-K2 '- &-&*K+ /'-2S(5)1'-" 8' .' 2'L

(S4)154& 5,*,(&)&* /'(Q1-,)1'-2 P&*& )&2)&. ,-. K*,.&. Q,2&. S5'- )0&1*

1-34S&-/& '- 5'P&* /'-2&*R,)1'-" 80&+ 3'S-. )0,) )0& ('2) 1-34S&-/&,Q4&

3,/)'*2L 2'*)&. Q+ *&4&R,-/&L P&*&F /&-)*,4 1-2&*)&. 5,*)2L 1-4&) 515&2L

/+/41-.*1/,4 5,*)2L R'*)&I 31-.&*2L /'-& 5,*)2 ,-. S-.&*34'P 515&2" @&4&R,-)

1-3'*(,)1'- ,Q'S) 0+.*'/+/4'-&2 .&21K- 0,2 Q&&- *&5'*)&. 1- 25&/1,41T&.c'S*-,42b 2'L 3'* &I,(54&L 5*&22S*&2 'R&* Z^W VG, (,+ /,S2& )0& ,55&,*,-/& '3

S-.&21*,Q4& 5,*)1/4&2 1- )0& S-.&*34'P H>(,(1 &) ,4"L #MMWJL ,-. P0&- )0&

R'*)&I 31-.&* 4&-K)0 12 ,Q'S) $M d '3 )0& )'),4 4&-K)0 '3 )0& 0+.*'/+/4'-& 01K0

&331/1&-/1&2 /,- Q& *&,/0&. H?&*-e-.&T 6,*)f-&T &) ,4"L #MMZJ" 7- 1-)&*&2)1-K

50&-'(&-'- )' /'-21.&* 12 )0& 3'*(,)1'- '3 ,1* /'*&2 H%S5), &) ,4"L #MMZJ" 80&

,1* /'*& 12 , 2)*15 '3 ,1* &I)&-.&. R&*)1/,44+ )0*'SK0'S) )0& P0'4& ,I12 '3 )0&

/+/4'-& 5*'R'V&. Q+ )0& 4'P 5*&22S*&2 3'S-. 1- )012 54,/&" B)2 &33&/)2 /,- Q&

*&.S/&. Q+ 1-)*'.S/1-K , *'. 1-21.& )0& 0+.*'/+/4'-&"

80& 'R&*,44 'Qc&/)1R& '3 )012 *&2&,*/0 12 )0& .&21K-L 2)S.+L ,-. ,-,4+212 '3

&-&*K+O2,R1-K 0+.*'/+/4'-&2 3'* P0&,) 2),*/0 2&5,*,)1'-" 8012 5*'c&/) )''V

54,/& S-.&* )0& >*,2(S2 G*'K*,( '3 1-)&*-,)1'-,4 2)S.&-)2 &I/0,-K& Q&)P&&-

UgIch i-1R&*21)+ HDP&.&-J ,-. )0& G'4+)&/0-1/ i-1R&*21)+ '3 U,4&-/1, HD5,1-J"

80& /'44,Q'*,)1R& 3*,(&P'*V Q&)P&&- 1-.S2)*+ ,-. ,/,.&(1, ,) UgIchi-1R&*21)+ (,.& 5'221Q4& )0& .&R&4'5(&-) '3 )012 1-R&2)1K,)1'- 1- )0& /'(5,-+

9,*22'- 6" U&*V2),. 7:L 4'/,)&. 1- :*'(h44, HDP&.&-J" =&21K- ,-. 41)&*,)S*&

2&,*/0 )''V 54,/& ,) UgIch i-1R&*21)+ P0&*&,2 )0& 3,Q*1/,)1'- '3 )0&

0+.*'/+/4'-&2 ,-. )0&1* )&2)1-K 0,55&-&. 1- )P' 3,/141)1&2 '5&*,)&. Q+ 9,*22'-

1- :*'(h44, ,-. 91-Vh51-KL Q')0 1- DP&.&-" 80& .S*,)1'- '3 )0& 5*'c&/) P,2

41(1)&. Q+ ,/,.&(1/ /'-2)*,1-)2L P01/0 ,55*'I1(,)&4+ ,44'/,)&. )0& 21I ('-)0 '3

)0& 25*1-K 2&(&2)&* '3 #MM` )' 3S43144 )0& K',42 2&) Q+ Q')0 1-2)1)S)1'-2" B-,..1)1'- )' (&&)1-K )0& ,/,.&(1/ *&aS1*&(&-)2 3'* ,/01&R1-K ,- &-K1-&&*1-K


8/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! ' !

.&K*&&L )012 1-R&2)1K,)1'- P,2 1-)&-.&. )' 0&45 9,*22'- 1(5*'R& )0&1* /S**&-)

.&21K-2 '3 0+.*'/+/4'-&2 3'* 2),*/0 2&5,*,)1'-L 5,+1-K ,))&-)1'- )' &-&*K+O

2,R1-K 5*'5&*)1&2 ,-. 2&5,*,)1'- &331/1&-/+" 8012 ('.S2 '5&*,-.1*&2S4)&. 1- ,

R&*+ 3*S1)3S4 /'44,Q'*,)1'- Q&)P&&- )0& K*,.S,)1-K 2)S.&-)L 0&* ,/,.&(1/,.R12'*2L ,-. 9,*22'- 2),33"

80& 25&/131/ K',42 5*'5'2&. ,-. ,//'(54120&. 1- )012 *&2&,*/0 5*'c&/)

P&*& )0& 3'44'P1-KF

$" 80& )&/0-1/,4 2)S.+ ,-. 2/1&-)131/ *&R1&P '3 0+.*'/+/4'-&2

K&'(&)*+ ,-. 2),*/0 2&5,*,)1'- )&/0-1aS&2"

#" 80& 5*'5'2,4 '3 , )0&'*&)1/,4 .&21K- '3 ,- &-&*K+O2,R1-K0+.*'/+/4'-&"

X" 9,Q'*,)'*+ )&2)1-K '3 )0& .&21K-&. 0+.*'/+/4'-& 1- /'(5,*12'-

P1)0 ')0&* ('.&42 5*'5'2&. Q+ 9,*22'-"

N" 80& &-S-/1,)1'- '3 , 2&) '3 *&/'((&-.,)1'-2 3'* P0&,) 2),*/0

2&5,*,)1'- /+/4'-&2"

W" 80& 5SQ41/,)1'- '3 )0& *&2S4)2 3'S-. 1- )0& 5*'c&/) ,) )0& 7--S,4

B-)&*-,)1'-,4 6&&)1-K 0&4. Q+ )0& 7(&*1/,- D'/1&)+ '3 7K*1/S4)S*,4

,-. :1'4'K1/,4 >-K1-&&*2 1- @&-' HE&R,.,L iD7J 1- jS-& #MM`"


9/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! ( !

81"4+%. a" ]m


14/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! - !

80& 251*,4 .&51/)&. 1- 31KS*& $ 0,2 Q&&- K&-&*,)&. P0&- &aS,)1'- ^ 12 ,5541&.

P1)0 @(,In W"W ,-. @(1-n W" 80& 6,)4,Qo/'.& 3'* 1)2 K&-&*,)1'- 12 1-/4S.&. 1-

755&-.1I B"

?1KS*& #"X" B-)&*-,4 251*,4 3'* 5*'5'2&. 0+.*'/+/4'-&"

80& 'S)&* .1,(&)&*L ,42' V-'P- ,2 )0& S-.&*34'P .1,(&)&*L 12 )+51/,44+

2&) ,*'S-. #"Z (( 1- /'((&*/1,4 /+/4'-&2 3'* 2),*/0 2&5,*,)1'-L 2S/0 ,2

Larssons or AVEBEs. In the current design, the underflow diameter has been

*,12&. )' @ BB)' 0&45 34'P &R,/S,)&" ?'44'P1-K )0& /'-R&-)1'-,4 .&21K-2 3'*

'33O)0&O20&43 /+/4'-&2L )0& 251K')'* ,5&I 4&-K)0P,2 31I&. )' 9K BB"

80& /,4/S4,)1'- '3 )0& /+41-.*1/,4 5,*)3'44'P2 )0& *&/'((&-.,)1'-2 (,.&

Q+ ;0S &) ,4" H#MMMJL 1- P01/0 )0& '5)1(S( 4&-K)0 '3 )0& /+41-.*1/,4 5,*) 12 )P1/&

)0& 0+.*'/+/4'-& .1,(&)&* =0" 80&*&3'*&L )0& /+41-.*1/,4 5,*) 4&-K)0 12


15/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! %. !

80& 0+.*'/+/4'-& /'-& 4&-K)012 , K&'(&)*1/,4 5,*,(&)&* .&)&*(1-&. Q+

P1)0.*,P1-K )0& /+41-.*1/,4 ,-. 251K') 4&-K)02 3*'( )0& )'),4 4&-K)0 '3 )0&

/+/4'-&" 7554+1-K )0& 25&/131/,)1'-2 3'S-. ,Q'R&L )0& /'-& 4&-K)0 3'* )0&

5*'5'2&. .&21K- 12 F? BB" 74'-K )0& 4&-K)0 '3 )0& /'-& 5,*)L 1) 12 5'221Q4& )'&-K*,R& , 251*,4 /*&,)1-K , 0&41/'1.,4 /0,--&4" 8012 /0,--&4 /,- 1(5*'R& )0&

cyclones efficiency. The mathematical determination of the helicoidal channel

3'* )0& 5*'5'2&. /+/4'-& 12 5*'R1.&. 1- 3S44 .&),14 1- )0& 3'44'P1-K 5,*,K*,502"

80& Q,21/ 5,*,(&)&*2 -&&.&. )' 3'*(S4,)& )0& 0&41/'1.,4 /0,--&4 ,*&F

@(,IF (,I1(S( *,.1S2 '3 )0& /'-&

@(1-F (1-1(S( *,.1S2 '3 )0& /'-&

9&F A&41I 51)/0

9F 8'),4 4&-K)0 '3 /'-1/,4 2&/)1'- '3 /+/4'-&

lIL+LTmF ;,*)&21,- /''*.1-,)&2 ,2 1-.1/,)&. 1- 31KS*& #"N"

?1KS*& #"N" :,21/ 5,*,(&)&*2 '3 0&41/'1.,4 /0,--&4

80& *,.1S2 '3 )0& 0&41I 12 R,*1,Q4& ,-. .&5&-.2 '- )0& /'-& 20,5&" B) /,- Q&

&,214+ /,4/S4,)&. P1)0 &aS,)1'-2 Z ,-. `"

L

zLRR minmax l>a" Zm

],0[minmaxminmin Lz

L

zLRRRRR

l>a" `m


16/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! %% !

B) /,- Q& /0&/V&. P1)0 &aS,)1'- ` )0,) B3 p n ML @ n @(,Ib ,-. 21(14,*4+L 13 p n

9L @ n @(1-"

:&3'*& .&.S/1-K )0& &aS,)1'- '3 )0& 0&41IL '* 251*,4L )0& -S(Q&* '3 4''52 H-J

-&&.2 )' Q& 'Q),1-&. )0*'SK0 )0& &I5*&221'- K1R&- 1- &aS,)1'- $ML P0&*& )0&

3S-/)1'- 1-)3'*/&2 -)' Q& 1-)&K&*"

eL

Ln int l>a" $Mm

80& 5,*,(&)*1/ &aS,)1'-2 '3 )0& )0*&&O.1(&-21'-,4 0&41I ,*& 31-,44+ 2),)&. 1-

&aS,)1'- $$F

mminzyxnt

tL

z

tL

zLRRRy

tL

zLRRRx

e

,,2,0

2

)sin(

)cos(

minmaxmin

minmaxmin

l>a" $$m

80& &I5*&221'- 20'P- 1- &aS,)1'- $$ 5*'R1.&2 )0& ;,*)&21,- /''*.1-,)&2

'3 , K&-&*1/ 5'1-) lIL +L Tm Q&4'-K1-K )' )0& 251*,4L QS) )0& 5*'5'2&.

0+.*'/+/4'-& 5'22&22&2 R&*+ 25&/131/ .1(&-21'-2 ,2 .&2/*1Q&. 1- )0& 5*&R1'S2

5,*,K*,502" B- 5,*)1/S4,*L )0& 3'44'P1-K 5,*,(&)&*2 0,R& Q&&- .&)&*(1-&. 3'*

)0& /,4/S4,)&. .&21K-F @(,In W ((L @(1-n $"W ((L 9&n W ((L ,-. 9 n W]

(( lT(,Im" 73)&* ,554+1-K )0&2& 31KS*&2 )' &aS,)1'- $$ )0& /'-/*&)& 0&41I )' Q&

)*,/&. 1-21.& )0& /'-& 5,*) 12 .&31-&. Q+ &aS,)1'- $# Q&4'P"

22,0

2

5

)sin(57

5.3285

)cos(

57

5.3285

t

tz

tz

y

tz

x

l>a" $#m

80& 0&41I .&)&*(1-&. Q+ )0& &I5*&221'- '3 &aS,)1'- $# P,2 54'))&. P1)0

6,)4,QoH/'.& 5*'R1.&. 1- 755&-.1I BBJ" 7 21.& R1&P '3 )0& 251*,4 12 .&51/)&. 1-

31KS*& #"X H,JL ,-. 1)2 3*'-) R1&P 12 K1R&- 1- 31KS*& #"X HQJ" 80& )0*&&O

.1(&-21'-,4 R1&P '3 )0& 0&41I 12 54'))&. 1- 31KS*& #"N"


17/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! %& !

H,J HQJ

?1KS*& #"W" D1.& H,J ,-. 3*'-) HQJ R1&P '3 0&41/'1.,4 /0,--&4 3'*

0+.*'/+/4'-&"

?1KS*& #"^" 80*&&O.1(&-21'-,4 R1&P '3 0&41/'1.,4 /0,--&4 3'* 0+.*'/+/4'-&"


18/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! %' !

80& /'-/4S21'-2 .*,P- Q+ ?&*-e-.&T 6,*)f-&T &) ,4" H#MMZJ P1)0 *&25&/) )'

)0& R'*)&I 31-.&*L ,-')0&* V&+ 5,*,(&)&* 1- )0& .&21K- '3 0+.*'/+/4'-&2L

&2),Q4120 )0& '5)1(,4 4&-K)0 '3 )0& R'*)&I ,2 )0& $M d '3 )0& )'),4 4&-K)0 '3 )0&

0+.*'/+/4'-&" 8012 21(54& /,4/S4,)1'- 2&)2 )0& 2&,*/0&. 4&-K)0 )' EN? BB"

80& 4,2) 5,*,(&)&* )' 31I Q&3'*& ),V1-K )0& .&21K-&. ('.&4 )' )0&

(,-S3,/)S*1-K 4,Q 12 )0& 'R&*34'P .1,(&)&*" >R&- )0'SK0 ;0S &) ,4" H#MMMJ

2SKK&2) 1-/*&,21-K )0& ,-K4& '3 )0& R'*)&IL 1) P,2 V&5) 1- $M[ ,2 )0& (,c'*1)+ '3

/'((&*/1,4 2'4S)1'-2 Q&/,S2& , P1.&* ,-K4& P'S4. *&2S4) 1- ,-'(,4'S2

.1(&-21'-2 3'* )0& R'*)&I" 72 , *&2S4)L )0& 'R&*34'P .1,(&)&* P,2 31-,44+ /0'2&-

)' Q& @NF BB"


19/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! %( !

?1KS*& #"]" ?1-,4 .&21K- 3'* P0&,) 2),*/0 2&5,*,)1'- 0+.*'/+/4'-&"


20/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! %) !

8,Q4& #"#" _&+ 5,*,(&)&*2 3'* )0& )0&'*&)1/,4 0+.*'/+/4'-& 5*')')+5&"

-GDGAQ!QD RG3SQ

T=0.')=)$'*% 02"B%+%. $M ((

;*$%+ ".%" #"$ I #"$ ((#

S*0%.($'I 02"B%+%. X ((

G4%L $%*5+1 $M ((

8=$2*0.2)"$ $%*5+1 #M ((

!'+"$ $%*5+1 Z] ((

8'*% 4".+ W] ((

R'.+%L (2*0%. $%*5+1 Z"] ((

U7%.($'I 02"B%+%. X"W ((

?1KS*& #"Z" G*')')+5& )&2)&. 1- )0& 4,Q'*,)'*+"


21/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! %* !

81"4+%. @

A"+%.2"$, "*0 B%+1'0,

80& 'Qc&/)1R& '3 )0& &I5&*1(&-)2 5*'5'2&. P,2 )' V-'P )0& &331/1&-/+ '3

&,/0 0+.*'/+/4'-& &25&/1,44+ .&21K-&. )' *&.S/& &-&*K+ /'2)2b )0&*&3'*&L )0&

31*2) ),2V )' .' P,2 )0& .&21K- '3 )0& &I5&*1(&-)2 ,-. )0& 2&4&/)1'- '3 ,44

5,*,(&)&*2 -&&.&." 7- >I/&486 314& P,2 5*&5,*&. )' 5*'/&22 )0& .,), ,2 )0&

)*1,42 P&*& Q&1-K 5&*3'*(&." 80& (,1- 5,*,(&)&*2 /'-21.&*&. 1- )0& )&2)2 P&*&F

S-.&*34'P 5*&22S*& HVG,JL 3&&. /'-/&-)*,)1'- HKY9JL .&4), 5*&22S*& HVG,JL 3&&.R'4S(& H9JL 'R&*34'P R'4S(& H9JL S-.&*34'P R'4S(& H9JL 3&&. /'-/&-)*,)1'-

HKY9JL 'R&*34'P /'-/&-)*,)1'- HKY9JL S-.&*34'P /'-/&-)*,)1'- HKY9JL P&1K0)

'R&*34'P HVKJL P&1K0) S-.&*34'P HVKJL )1(& 'R&*34'P H2JL )1(& S-.&*34'P H2JL

)&(5&*,)S*& H[;JL 3&&. 34'P H/(XY2JL S-.&*34'P 34'P H/(XY2JL 'R&*34'P 34'P

H/(XY2JL 34'P *,)1' H.1(&-21'-4&22J ,-. &331/1&-/+ H.1(&-21'-4&22J"


22/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! %+ !

8,Q4& X"$" 9&K&-. /'**&25'-.1-K )' )0& &4&(&-)2 20'P- 1- 31KS*&2 X"$ )' X"W"

?1KS*& X"$" 8&2)1-K Q&-/0 S2&. 1- )0& &I5&*1(&-)2"

3QOQVW MUD M;OSDQX @N9 !U @NF

V6B#%. 8UA-UVQV!

9 >4&/)*1/ 6')'* $


23/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! %, !

?(1KS*& X"#" D),*/0 *S--1-K )0*'SK0 /+/4'-&2 /,52S4&"

?1KS*& X"X" =&),14 '3 'R&*34'P .125'2,4 3'* &R&*+ 21-K4& /+/4'-& )&2)&."

?1KS*& X"N" =&),14 '3 5*&22S*& /'-)*'4 5,-&4"


24/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! %- !

?1KS*& X"W" =&),142 '3 1-.1R1.S,41T&. /+/4'-& /,52S4&"

80& 5*'/&.S*& 3'44'P&. )' *S- )0& &I5&*1(&-)2 1- )0& 9,*22'- )&2)1-K

Q&-/0 144S2)*,)&. 1- 31KS*& X"$ 12 .&2/*1Q&. 1- )0& 3'44'P1-K 5,*,K*,50" 80& 31*2)

2)&5 .'-& P,2 )0& 54,/&(&-) '3 )0& 0+.*'/+/4'-&2 1-21.& )0&1* 1-.1R1.S,4 )&2)1-K

/,52S4&L ,2 31KS*& X"^ 20'P2F

?1KS*& X"^" U'*)&I H4&3) 21.&J ,-. /+/4'-& H*1K0) 21.&J 54,/&. 1- )0& )&2)1-K

/,52S4&"


25/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! &. !

80&*& ,*& 21I /+/4'-& /,52S4&2 1- )0& )&2)1-K *1KL P0,) ,44'P2 3'* )*+1-K

21I /+/4'-&2 21(S4),-&'S24+b 0'P&R&*L 1) P,2 .&/1.&. )' *S- '-4+ )0*&&

0+.*'/+/4'-&2 ,) )0& 2,(& )1(& 1- '*.&* )' K&) 2S1),Q4& S-.&*34'P 5*&22S*&2"

8P' &4&/)*1/ (')'*2 P&*& ,/)S,)&. )' ('R& )0& 2),*/0 )0*'SK0 )0& 5S(52F(')'* $ HD)*h(Q&*KL ?1-4,-.J 0,2 , 5'P&* '3 #"# VkL ,-. (')'* # H>?7;>;L

G'*)SK,4J .&41R&*2 $"ZM Vk" ?'S* .133&*&-) /'-.1)1'-2 P&*& /'-21.&*&.F

$J D),*/0 /'-/&-)*,)1'- '3 $WX KY9 HZ [:\J ,-. WMM VG, HW Q,*2Jb

#J D),*/0 /'-/&-)*,)1'- '3 $WX KY9 HZ [:\J ,-. ]MM VG, H] Q,*2Jb

XJ D),*/0 /'-/&-)*,)1'- '3 #X^ KY9 H$# [:\J ,-. WMM VG, HW Q,*2Jb

NJ D),*/0 /'-/&-)*,)1'- '3 #X^ KY9 H$# [:\J ,-. ]MM VG, H] Q,*2Jb

?1KS*& X"] .&2/*1Q&2L 2/0&(,)1/,44+L 0'P )0& 34'P2 ,*& .12)*1QS)&. 1- )0&

)&2)1-K Q&-/0 3'* '-4+ '-& '3 )0& )&2)&. 0+.*'/+/4'-&2L ,4)0'SK0 )0& ,/)S,4

Q&-/0 0,2 21I /,52S4&2L ,2 20'P- 1- 31KS*& X"$L ,-. )0*&& /+/4'-&2 P&*& )&2)&.

21(S4),-&'S24+ &R&*+ )1(&"


26/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! &% !

'3 )0& 2&5,*,)1'- 5*'/&22" 73)&* )0& 2&5,*,)1'- 0,2 '//S**&. ,-. Q')0 34'P2

0,R& Q&&- P&1K0)&. ,-. *&K12)&*&.L S-.&*34'P ,-. 'R&*34'P ,*& (&*K&. ,K,1-

'R&* , /'-R&+'* )*,+ P01/0 5'S*2 )0& (1I 1-)' 5S(5 $" 8012 5S(5 /4'2&2 )0&

/+/4& ,-. *&)S*-2 )0& 2'4S)1'- )' )0& ),-V 3'* 1)2 S2& 1- )0& 3'44'P1-K )&2)2"

80& 25&/131/ /'-.1)1'-2 3'* &,/0 )&2)L ,//'*.1-K )' )0& &I5&*1(&-),4

.&21K- 5*')'/'4L P&*& ,22S*&. ,3)&* 3'44'P1-K )012 5*'/&.S*&F )0& *&aS1*&.

/'-/&-)*,)1'- '3 2),*/0L &1)0&* $WX KY4 HZ [:\J '* #X^ KY4 H$# [:\JL P,2 .1*&/)4+

obtained from the facilitys starch transportation system by selecting the pipe

P1)0 )0& ,55*'5*1,)& /'-/&-)*,)1'-" B-4&) 5*&22S*& P,2 1-1)1,44+ 2&) P1)0 )0&

R,*1,Q4& 3*&aS&-/+ K&-&*,)'*L ,-. /'-)1-S'S24+ *&,.cS2)&. P1)0 , (,-S,4 R,4R&

,/)S,)1-K 'R&* )0& 3&&. 34'P H/'(5'-&-) N 1- 31KS*& X"]J" 80& 'R&*34'P 5*&22S*&

P,2 .1254,+&. 1- )0& (,-'(&)&* ^ '3 )0& 34'P .1,K*,(" ?1-,44+L )0& S-.&*34'P

5*&22S*& P,2 ,42' /'-)*'44&. )0*'SK0 R,4R& W ,-. (,-'(&)&* ]"

?1KS*& X"]" D/0&(,)1/ .1,K*,( '3 0+.*'/+/4'-&2 )&2)1-K Q&-/0"


27/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! && !

80&2& &I5&*1(&-)2 P&*& /,**1&. 'S) 1- , 3,/141)+ '5&*,)&. Q+ 9,*22'- ,)

@&55& H91.Vh51-KL DP&.&-J" 8P' 25&/131/ 2),*/0 /'-/&-)*,)1'-2 P&*&

.&)&*(1-&. 3'* )0& 2&) '3 &I5&*1(&-)2F $WX KY9 HZ [:\J ,-. #X^ KY9 H$# [:\J"

80& *&,4 R,4S& 3'* )0& /'-/&-)*,)1'- '3 2),*/0 /,- Q& &2)1(,)&. 1- )P' .133&*&-)P,+2F S21-K ,- ,&*'(&)&* '* S21-K , /&-)*13SK& (,/01-&" B- )0&2& &I5&*1(&-)2L

)0& 4,))&* (&)0'. P,2 &(54'+&. Q&/,S2& 1) 12 /'-21.&*&. )0& ('2) *&41,Q4&" 8'

K&) )0& /'-/&-)*,)1'- (&,2S*&(&-)2L 2&R&*,4 )&2) )SQ&2 '3 $M (4 R'4S(& P&*&

3144&. P1)0 )0& .122'4S)1'- '3 P,)&* ,-. 2),*/0 &25&/1,44+ 5*&5,*&. Q+ )0& 3,/141)+

)&/0-1/1,-" 80& )&2) )SQ&2 P&*& 1-)*'.S/&. 1-)' )0& /&-)*13SK& (,/01-& ,-. *S-

3'* W (1-S)&2 ,) X]WM *5(" 73)&* /&-)*13SK1-K )0&(L )0*&& 50,2&2 P&*&

2&5,*,)&.F P,)&*L 31Q&*2 ,-. 2),*/0" 80& ,('S-) '3 2),*/0 3'S-. 1- )0& )&2))SQ&2L &I5*&22&. 1- (1441(&)*&2L P,2 *&K12)&*&.L ,2 P&44 ,2 )0& ,('S-) '3 2),*/0

54S2 31Q&*2 54S2 P,)&*L ,42' 1- (1441(&)*&2" 80& /'-R&*21'- 3*'( ,('S-) '3

(1441(&)*&2 1-)' :,S(\ .&K*&&2 12 20'P- 1- &aS,)1'- X"$"

l>a" X"$m

80& 3&&. /,4/S4,)&. )0*'SK0 &aS,)1'- X"$ P,2 S2&. )' V-'P )0&

,55*'I1(,)& R,4S& '3 )0& 2),*/0 /'-/&-)*,)1'-2L QS) 1) P,2 -') &(54'+&. 1-

2S//&221R& /,4/S4,)1'-2" B) P,2 /'-21.&*&. ,2 , *'SK0 &2)1(,)& '3 )0&

/'-/&-)*,)1'-2" :&3'*& )*+1-K )0& /+/4'-&2L 1) P,2 -&/&22,*+ )' (,V& 2S*& )0,)

)0& *&aS1*&. /'-/&-)*,)1'- '3 2),*/0 P,2 ,R,14,Q4&L )'K&)0&* P1)0 )0& *1K0) 1-4&)

5*&22S*&" B- )012 5,*)1/S4,* /,2&L )0& R,4S& '3 .&4), 5*&22S*& P,2 ,4('2) )0&

2,(& ,2 )0& 1-4&) 5*&22S*&L P01/0 P,2 ,.cS2)&. )' WMM VG, HW Q,*2J '* ]MM VG,

H] Q,*2J .&5&-.1-K '- )0& )*1,4" 80& *&,2'- P0+ 1-4&) 5*&22S*& ,-. .&4),

5*&22S*& /,- Q& /'-21.&*&. )0& 2,(& 12 , /'-2&aS&-/& '3 )0& .&31-1)1'- '3 .&4),

5*&22S*& ,2 )0& .133&*&-/& Q&)P&&- )0& 1-4&) H'* 3&&.J 5*&22S*& ,-. )0&

'R&*34'P 5*&22S*&" 80& 'R&*34'P 5*&22S*& P,2L 1- )0&2& )&2)2L )01*)+ /&-)1(&)*&2

'3 P,)&* /'4S(- (&,2S*&. ,) )0& 0+.*'/+/4'-& /,52S4&L P01/0 (&,-2 )0,) )0&

'R&*34'P 5*&22S*& 12 ,Q'S) XM VG, HM"X Q,*2J" 80&2& XM VG, HM"X Q,*2J /,- Q&

,55*'I1(,)&. )' T&*'L ,-. 13 )0& 'R&*34'P 5*&22S*& 12 /'-21.&*&. )' Q& T&*'L

)0&- )0& .&4), 5*&22S*& 12 cS2) )0& 1-4&) 5*&22S*&" 80& ,.cS2)(&-) 3'* )0& 1-4&)


28/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! &' !

5*&22S*& P,2 (,.& P1)0 )0& 0&45 '3 , R,*1,Q4& 3*&aS&-/+ K&-&*,)'* ,-.

.1254,+&. 1- )0& 1-4&) (,-'(&)&* H31KS*& X"NL -S(Q&* `J"


29/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! &( !

80& #O41)&* QS/V&)2 /'-),1-1-K )0& 2),*/0 .122'4S)1'- P&*& P&1K0)&. P1)0

)0& &4&/)*'-1/ 2/,4& '3 31KS*&" X"Z" 80& P&1K0) '3 )0& QS/V&)2 P,2 1-5S) 1- )0&

&I5*&221'-2 '3 &aS,)1'-2 X"N ,-. X"W )' .&)&*(1-& )0& 'R&*34'P ,-. S-.&*34'P

3&&. 1- 9Y0"

?1KS*& X"Z" D/,4& S2&. )' P&1K0) 2),*/0 QS/V&)2"

l>a" X"Nm

l>a" X"Wm

7 4''VOS5 ),Q4& P,2 .&31-&. )' /'-R&*) )0& /'-/&-)*,)1'- '3 'R&*34'P ,-.

S-.&*34'P K1R&- 1- .&K*&&2 :,S(\ 1-)' K*,(2 5&* 41)&*" 80& )'),4 R,4S& 3'* )0&

3&&. 12 K1R&- Q+ &aS,)1'- X"^ Q&4'PF

l>a" X"^m


30/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! &) !

80& /'&331/1&-) @3L V-'P- ,2 )0& 34'P *,)1'L K1R&2 ,- &2)1(,)& '3 )0&

aS,-)1)+ '3 34'P )0,) 12 *S--1-K )0*'SK0 )0& 2),*/0 *&/'R&*+ /0,--&4 H-S(Q&* #

1- )0& 31KS*& X"]J *&25&/) )' )0& )'),4 34'P *S--1-K )0*'SK0 )0& 1-4&) /0,--&4

H-S(Q&* $ 1- 31KS*& X"]JL ,-. /,- Q& 'Q),1-&. )0*'SK0 &aS,)1'- X"]" 8012R,*1,Q4& 12 *&5*&2&-)&. 1- )0& ,Q2/122, ,I12 '3 )0& &331/1&-/+ 54')2 .&51/)&. 1- )0&

@&2S4)2 2&/)1'-"

l>a" X"]m

B) 12 1(5'*),-) )' .12)1-KS120 )0& ?&&. ?33*'( )0& ?&&. ;

3" 80& .133&*&-/&

Q&)P&&- )0&( 12 )0,) )0& 3&&.L ?3L 12 , 34'PL K1R&- 1- 9Y0L P014& 3&&. ;3 12 ,

/'-/&-)*,)1'-L K1R&- 1- KY9" 80& 3&&. ;3 12 )0&*&3'*& ,- 1(5'*),-) 3,/)'*

Q&/,S2& 1) 12 )0& /'-/&-)*,)1'- 31I&. 1- ,.R,-/&L 2' )0& 5,*,(&)&* )0,) P144

KS1.& )0& P0'4& )*1,4#,-. 12 .&31-&. Q+ &aS,)1'- X"Z"


31/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! &* !

?1KS*& X"`" ;,4/S4,)1'- Q4'/V .1,K*,( 3'* K&-&*,)1-K &331/1&-/+ 54')2"


32/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! &+ !

80& 25&/131/,)1'-2 3'* )0& &1K0) 0+.*'/+/4'-&2 )&2)&. 1- 9,*22ons bench are

.1254,+&. 1- ),Q4& X"#"

8,Q4& X"#" 8&2)&. 0+.*'/+/4'-&2"

YG*')')+5& .&2/*1Q&. 1- .&),14 1- D&/)1'- #"


33/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! &, !

81"4+%. >

D%,6$+, "*0 02,)6,,2'*

80& 'R&*,44 'Qc&/)1R& '3 )012 *&2&,*/0 P,2 )' ('.13+ )0& /S**&-) .&21K- '3

0+.*'/+/4'-&2 )' 1(5*'R& &331/1&-/+L 3*'( )0& &-&*K+ /'-2S(5)1'- 5'1-) '3

R1&PL P0&- 2&5,*,)1-K 2),*/0 3*'( P0&,)" 80& 1-1)1,4 1.&, /'-212)&. '3 41(1)1-K

5*&22S*& )' WMM VG, HW Q,*2J P014& 5*'/&221-K 01K0 /'-/&-)*,)1'-2 '3 2),*/0L

*&2S4)1-K 1- , 4'P &-&*K+ 5*'314& QS) 01K0 2&5,*,)1'- *,)&L *&.S/1-K &-&*K+ ,-.

/'2)2L P01/0 12 )0& (,1- K',4 '3 )012 2)S.+"

80& &331/1&-/+ /S*R&2 '3 )0& 0+.*'/+/4'-&2 P&*& QS14) *&5*&2&-)1-K )0&

34'P *,)1' H@3) values in the X axis and the Efficiency (E3J R,4S&2 1- )0& q ,I12"

>R&*+ K*,50 .&51/)2 )0& &331/1&-/+ /S*R& '3 )0& &1K0) /+/4'-&2 )&2)&. 3'* &,/0

25&/131/ )&2)1-K /'-.1)1'- '3 /'-/&-)*,)1'- ,-. 5*&22S*&" ;'-2&aS&-)4+L )0&

*&2S4)2 '3 )0& &I5&*1(&-)2 /,- Q& K*,501/,44+ *&5*&2&-)&. 1- 3'S* .133&*&-) 54')2L

'-& 3'* &,/0 .133&*&-) /'-.1)1'-" 80& 3'S* /'(Q1-,)1'-2 '3 5*&22S*& ,-.

/'-/&-)*,)1'- P&*& )0& 3'44'P1-KF

$J $WX KY9 HZ [:\J ,-. WMM VG, HW Q,*2J

#J $WX KY9 HZ [:\J ,-. ]MM VG, H] Q,*2J

XJ #X^ KY9 H$# [:\J ,-. WMM VG, HW Q,*2J

NJ #X^ KY9 H$# [:\J ,-. ]MM VG, H] Q,*2J"

>R&*+ /'-.1)1'- P,2 ,5541&. )' )0& 2&) '3 &1K0) &I5&*1(&-),4 /+/4'-&2L

,-. )0&*&3'*&L &R&*+ &331/1&-/+ 54') 1-/4S.&2 &1K0) /S*R&2L '-& 3'* &,/0 /+/4'-&"

8012 5*'/&.S*& ,44'P2 )0& 3,1* /'(5,*12'- '3 )0& /+/4'-&2 ,2 )&2)1-K /'-.1)1'-2

P&*& &I,/)4+ )0& 2,(&" 7..1)1'-,44+L )0& 1-.1R1.S,4 5&*3'*(,-/& '3 &,/0 /+/4'-&

3'* )0& 3'S* /'(Q1-,)1'-2 '3 5*&22S*& ,-. /'-/&-)*,)1'- )*1&. 12 ,42' 54'))&. 1-

2&5,*,)&. 31KS*&2" 80&2& /S*R&2 20'P )0& Q&2) P'*V1-K /'-.1)1'-2 3'* &,/0

0+.*'/+/4'-& 5*'5'2&." 80& .&21K- K',4 3'* )0& /+/4'-&2 12 )' 31-. )0& Q&2)

K&'(&)*+ )' 1-/*&,2& )0& 5*&22S*& 1-21.& )0& /+/4'-& P1)0'S) 1-/*&,21-K 1-4&)


34/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! &- !

5*&22S*&L (,1-),1-1-KL '* *,121-KL )0& 2&5,*,)1'- &331/1&-/+ P1)0'S) 1-/S**1-K 1-

&-&*K+ 4'22&2"

80& )&/0-1/,4 25&/131/,)1'-2 '3 )0& &1K0) 0+.*'/+/4'-&2 )&2)&. ,*&

5*'R1.&. 1- ),Q4& X"#"

8'*02+2'* 9: X+".)1 )'*)%*+."+2'* 9F@ 5Z3 [E \]^_ "*0 FKK H-" [F

#".,_

?1KS*& N"$ 20'P2 )0& /S*R&2 '3 )0& &1K0) 0+.*'/+/4'-&2 )&2)&. ,) $WX KY9

HZ [:\J '3 /'-/&-)*,)1'- ,-. WMM VG, HW Q,*2J '3 5*&22S*&" B) /,- Q& 'Q2&*R&.

1- )0& &331/1&-/+ 54') )0,) /+/4'-&2 @ H!Z ((L R&*21'- $J ,-. 9 H!$M ((L

Larssons standard cyclone) provide the highest efficiency values in these

/'-.1)1'-2 '3 /'-/&-)*,)1'- ,-. 5*&22S*&" ;+/4'-&2 # H!$M ((L -&P (,)&*1,4J

,-. Z HD97 !$M (( 2),-.,*. /+/4'-&J ,42' 5*'R1.& 01K0 &331/1&-/+" ;+/4'-&2

-S(Q&* W H(,/01-&. 2),-.,*. /+/4'-&J ,-. ] HD97L .&21K-&. /+/4'-& ,//'*.1-K

)' ;0,5)&* # .1*&/)1'-2J K1R& )0& 4'P&2) &331/1&-/+ 5'1-)2 /'(5,*&. )' )0& ')0&*

0+.*'/+/4'-&2"

?1KS*& N"$" >331/1&-/+ /S*R&2 3'* )&2)&. /+/4'-&2 ,) $WX KY9 HZ [:\J '3 3&&.

/'-/&-)*,)1'- ,-. WMM VG, HW Q,*2J '3 .&4), 5*&22S*&"

$

$#%

$#&

$#'

$#(

$#)

$#*

$#+

$#,

$ $#& $#( $#* $#,

+,,-.-/0.1

2, 456

789:/; , .1.? %"" DE@

-./0123 %

-./0123 &

-./0123 '

-./0123 (

-./0123 )

-./0123 *

-./0123 +

-./0123 ,


35/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! '. !

8'*02+2'*


36/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! '% !

?1KS*& N"#" ;S*R&2 3'* )&2)&. /+/4'-&2 ,) $WX KY9 HZ [:\J '3 3&&. /'-/&-)*,)1'-

,-. ]MM VG, H] Q,*2J '3 .&4), 5*&22S*&"

8'*02+2'* @: X+".)1 )'*)%*+."+2'*


37/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! '& !

5,*)1/S4,* )&2)L )0& 01K0&2) 5'1-)2 '3 )0& /S*R&2 P&*& *&,/0&. ,) )0& 25&/131/

5'1-)2 '3 @3P0&- )0& R,4R& 3'* /'-)*'441-K )0& S-.&*34'P 5*&22S*& P,2 )'),44+

'5&-L 2' )0& 4'P&2) S-.&*34'P 5*&22S*&2 ,-. )0& 01K0&2) 34'P2 )' )0& S-.&*34'P

4&. )' )0& (,I1(S( &331/1&-/+"

80& 0+.*'/+/4'-& )0,) *&,/0&. )0& 01K0&2) 5'1-) '3 &331/1&-/+ 1- )0&2&

/'-.1)1'-2 '3 /'-/&-)*,)1'- ,-. 5*&22S*& P,2 -S(Q&* @H!Z ((L R&*21'- $JL

P1)0 , R,4S& '3 CC `" 80& 2&/'-. 01K0&2) &331/1&-/+ P,2 3'S-. P1)0 /+/4'-& >

H!Z ((L R&*21'- #J" 80&2& *&2S4)2 5*'R& )0,) , 2(,44&* /+/4'-& .1,(&)&*0,2 ,

5'21)1R& &33&/) '- )0& &-&*K+O2,R1-K 3&,)S*&2 '3 2),*/0 /+/4'-&2" 80& ,-'(,4'S2

Q&0,R1'* '3 /+/4'-& W P,2 /,S2&. Q+ , (&),4 51&/& ,//1.&-),44+ .&5'21)&. 1- )0&

1-4&)" D1-/& )0&*& P,2 -' 5'221Q141)+ '3 *&5&,)1-K )0& &I5&*1(&-)2 ,3)&* *&('R1-K

)0& (&),4 5,*)L -' /'-/4S21'-2 /,- Q& .*,P- 3'* /+/4'-& W S-.&* ;'-.1)1'- X"

?1KS*& N"X" ;S*R&2 3'* )&2)&. /+/4'-&2 ,) #X^ KY9 H$# [:\J '3 3&&. /'-/&-)*,)1'-

,-. WMM VG, HW Q,*2J '3 .&4), 5*&22S*&"

$

$#%

$#&

$#'

$#(

$#)

$#*

$#+

$ $#& $#( $#* $#,

+,,-.-/0.1

2, 456

+,,-.-/0.1 .89:/; ,


38/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! '' !

8'*02+2'* >: X+".)1 )'*)%*+."+2'*


39/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! '( !

80& *&2S4)2 '3 )0& &I5&*1(&-)2 S-.&* )0& 3'S* /'-.1)1'-2 '3 /'-/&-)*,)1'-

,-. 5*&22S*& )&2)&. ,*& 2S((,*1T&. 1- ),Q4& N"$"


40/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! ') !

72 P& /,- 2&& 1- 31KS*& N"WL 0+.*'/+/4'-& $ H9,*22'- &I12)1-K 2),-.,*.

/+/4'-& t $M ((J 0,2 )0& 01K0&2) &331/1&-/+ ,) )0& 4&,2) .&21*,Q4& /'-.1)1'-2F

low concentration and high pressure. In fact, as shown in figure 4.2, cyclones 1

/S*R& *&,/0&. )0& 01K0&2) &331/1&-/+ 5'1-) '3 ,44 /+/4'-&2 ,-. /'-.1)1'-2L P1)0 ,R,4S& '3 ]^d"

" :&1-K

)0& (,)&*1,4 )0& '-4+ .133&*&-/&L P& (1K0) &I5&/) , 21(14,* Q&0,R1'*L QS)

*&2S4)2 20'P )0,) )0& *&25'-2&2 '3 Q')0 /+/4'-&2 ,*& aS1)& .133&*&-)L ,2 2&&-

$

$#%

$#&

$#'

$#(

$#)

$#*

$#+

$#,

$#4

$ $#& $#( $#* $#,

+,,-.-/0.1

2,

56789-6-:9;< %

%)' =>:# )$$ ?@A

%)' =>:# +$$ ?@A

&'* =>:# )$$ ?@A

&'* =>:# +$$ ?@A


41/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! '* !

13 31KS*&2 N"W ,-. N"^ ,*& /,*&3S44+ /'(5,*&." 80& /S*R&2 3'* 4'P

/'-/&-)*,)1'-2 ,*& -') .1221(14,* QS) )0& /S*R&2 3'* 01K0 /'-/&-)*,)1'-2 ,*&

2013)&.b /+/4'-& # K1R&2 )0& 4'P&2) &331/1&-/+ ,) 01K0 /'-/&-)*,)1'- ,-. 4'P

5*&22S*& P0&*&,2 )0& P'*2) &331/1&-/+ 3'* /+/4'-& $ 12 3'S-. ,) ]MM VG, H]Q,*2J" 80&2& 2S*5*121-K *&2S4)2L 13 5*'5&*4+ R,41.,)&. Q+ 3S*)0&* &I5&*1(&-)2L

5*'R1.& , K''. *&/'((&-.,)1'- 1- )&*(2 '3 1.&,4 (,)&*1,4 3'* (,-S3,/)S*1-K

-&P /+/4'-&2" ;+/4'-& $ 12 5*&3&*,Q4& )' (&&) )0& K',4 '3 4'P 5*&22S*&

5*'/&22&2"

?1KS*& N"^" >331/1&-/+ /S*R&2 3'* A+.*'/+/4'-& # ,) .133&*&-) /'-.1)1'-2 '3

/'-/&-)*,)1'- ,-. .&4), 5*&22S*&"

A+.*'/+/4'-& X Ht Z (( R&*21'- $J 3&,)S*&2 , .1,(&)&* *&.S/)1'- '3 #

((" 80& /'**&25'-.1-K &331/1&-/+ /S*R&2 ,*& .&51/)&. 1- 31KS*& N"]"

$

$#%

$#&

$#'

$#(

$#)

$#*

$#+

$#,

$ $#& $#( $#* $#,

+,,-.-/0.1

2,

56789-6-:9;< &


42/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! '+ !

?1KS*& N"]" >331/1&-/+ /S*R&2 3'* A+.*'/+/4'-& X ,) .133&*&-) /'-.1)1'-2 '3

/'-/&-)*,)1'- ,-. .&4), 5*&22S*&"

8012 0+.*'/+/4'-& /,- ,42' '5&*,)& ,) , P1.& *,-K& '3 5*&22S*&2L ,2

20'P- 1- 31KS*& N"]L )0S2L 1) /'S4. Q& 2S1),Q4& 13 S-&I5&/)&. R,*1,)1'-2 '35*&22S*& '//S*"

7//'*.1-K )' 31KS*& N"]L 0+.*'/+/4'-& X P'*V2 P&44 ,) 4'P 5*&22S*&2 ,-.

01K0 /'-/&-)*,)1'-2 '3 2),*/0L P01/0 ,*& )0& .&21*&. /'-.1)1'-2" 80& /S*R&

/'**&25'-.1-K )' #X^ KY9 H$# r:\J ,-. WMM VG, HW Q,*J *&,/0&2 )0& 01K0&2)

R,4S& '3 &331/1&-/+ 1- )0& 54')" 8012 'S)/'(& (&,-2 )0,) /+/4'-& X /,- Q& 3&.

P1)0 01K0 /'-/&-)*,)1'-2 H.&21*,Q4& )' 2,R& )1(& ,-. ('-&+J ,-. 4'P&*

5*&22S*& H&-&*K+O2,R1-K /'-.1)1'-J P1)0 ,- ,//&5),Q4& &331/1&-/+" 80&2& *&2S4)2

54,/& /+/4'-& X ,2 )0& 3,R'*1)& '-& 2' 3,* )' (&&) )0& 5*'c&/) 'Qc&/)1R&2" 8,Q4&

N"# /'(5,*&2 )0& )'5 &331/1&-/1&2 '3 /+/4'-&2 $ ,-. X 3'* )0& 2&) '3 /'-.1)1'-2

5*'K*,((&. 1- )0& &I5&*1(&-)2"

$

$#%

$#&

$#'

$#(

$#)

$#*

$#+

$#,

$ $#& $#( $#* $#,

+,,-.-/0.1

2,

56789-6-:9;< '


43/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! ', !

8,Q4& N"#" A+.*'/+/4'-&2 $ ,-. X" ;'(5,*12'- '3 &331/1&-/1&2 3'* .133&*&-)

/'-.1)1'-2"

` '( Q((2)2%*)=

8=)$'*%8'*02+2'*,

$WX KY9

WMM VG,

$WX KY9

]MM VG,

#X^ KY9

WMM VG,

#X^ KY9

]MM VG,

8=)$'*% 9 ^] ?? FK CK

8=)$'*% @ ^Z ?< C@ CK

80& 01K0&2) &331/1&-/+ &R&* *&,/0&. 1- )0& &I5&*1(&-),4 50,2& '3 )012

5*'c&/) P,2 3'S-. P1)0 /+/4'-& $L QS) )0,) R,4S& P,2 41-V&. )' )0& 4&,2)

.&21*,Q4& /'-.1)1'-2 '3 4'P /'-/&-)*,)1'- ,-. 01K0 5*&22S*&" A'P&R&*L P0&-

2&))1-K 4'P 5*&22S*& HWMM VG, '* W Q,*2J /'-.1)1'-2L /+/4'-& X *&,/0&. 01K0&*

&331/1&-/1&2 )0,- /+/4'-& $L &25&/1,44+ P1)0 2),*/0 /'-/&-)*,)1'-2 '3 #X^ KY9 H$#

r:\JL )0&*&3'*& /+/4'-& X /,- '5&*,)& &331/1&-)4+ ,) 4'P 5*&22S*&2 P1)0 01K0

/'-/&-)*,)1'-2" B) P'S4. Q& .&21*,Q4& )' 31-. ,- ,4)&*-,)1R& K&'(&)*1/,4 .&21K-

)0,) /'S4. 1-/*&,2& )0& &331/1&-/+ 3'* )0,) 5,*)1/S4,* /,2& '3 01K0 /'-/&-)*,)1'-

,-. 4'P 5*&22S*&" ?S*)0&* *&2&,*/0 12 -&&.&. )' ('.13+ )0& K&'(&)*+ '3 )0& Z

(( /+/4'-& 1- 2S/0 , P,+ )0,) 1) /,- .&41R&* &R&- Q&))&* &331/1&-/+ ,) 01K0

/'-/&-)*,)1'-2 ,-. 4'P 5*&22S*&2

;+/4'-& N HZ ((O.1,(&)&* /+/4'-&L R&*21'- #J K') )0& 2&/'-. Q&2) 5&*3'*(,-/&

3'* #X^ KY9 H$# r:\J ,-. WMM VG, HW Q,*2JL ,2 20'P- 1- 31KS*& N"`" 8012

/'-212)&-/+ 01-)2 ,) )0& 3,/) )0,) , .1,(&)&* *&.S/)1'- *&2S4)2 1- Q&))&*

'S)/'(&2" =&251)& )012 .&21*,Q4& 3,/)L )0& 01K0&2) &331/1&-/+ /S*R&2 ,*& 2)144 0&4.

Q+ /'-.1)1'-2 '3 4'P /'-/&-)*,)1'- ,-. 01K0 5*&22S*&2 H)'5 /S*R&J" 80& 2&) '3

/S*R&2 3'* 0+.*'/+/4'-& N Ht Z (( R&*21'- #J ,*& *&5*&2&-)&. 1- 31KS*& N"`"

74)0'SK0 )012 /+/4'-& 0,2 )0& 2,(& .1,(&)&* ,2 0+.*'/+/4'-& XL )0&*& ,*&

21K-131/,-) .133&*&-/&2 1- )0&1* &331/1&-/+" U,4S&2 3'* /+/4'-& N ,*& -') ,2 01K0 ,2

3'* /+/4'-& X" 80& 50+21/,4 .133&*&-/& Q&)P&&- Q')0 R&*21'-2 12 1- )0& 1-4&)

.&21K-F )0& 1-4&) 3'*(S4, 3'* 0+.*'/+/4'-& -S(Q&* X H!Z ((L R&*21'- $J 12

20'P- 1- &aS,)1'- N"$L ,-. )0& 1-4&) 3'*(S4, 3'* 0+.*'/+/4'-& N H! Z ((L


44/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! '- !

R&*21'- #J 3'44'P2 &aS,)1'- N"#" 80& 251*,4 K&-&*,)&. P1)0 &aS,)1'- N"$ ,-.

1-/'*5'*,)&. )' )0& 1-4&) ,*&, '3 0+.*'/+/4'-& X 12 20'P- 1- 31KS*& N"Z"

l>a" N"$m

l>a" N"#m

?1KS*& N"Z" B-4&) 251*,4 3'* 0+.*'/+/4'-& X"

72 Q&3'*&L )0& &331/1&-/+ 3'* $WX KY9 HZ r:\JL ]MM VG, H] Q,*J /'-.1)1'-2

0,2 )0& 01K0&2) R,4S&" 7//'*.1-K )' )0& /S*R& #X^ KY9 H$# r:\J O WMM VG, HW

Q,*JL 1) /,- Q& 2&&- )0,) &331/1&-/+ 12 *&4,)1R&4+ 01K0L QS) -') 01K0 &-'SK0 )'/'-21.&* )012 /+/4'-& 2S5&*1'* )' -S(Q&* )0*&& 1- )&*(2 '3 &-&*K+O2,R1-K

aS,41)1&2"


45/58


46/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! (% !

?1KS*& N"$M" >331/1&-/+ /S*R&2 3'* A+.*'/+/4'-& W ,) .133&*&-) /'-.1)1'-2 '3

/'-/&-)*,)1'- ,-. .&4), 5*&22S*&"

?1KS*& N"$$ 5*'R1.&2 )0& &331/1&-/+ /S*R&2 3'* 0+.*'/+/4'-& ^L , R'*)&I $M

(( /+/4'-&" 80&2& /S*R&2 3'44'P )0& 5*&.1/)&. )*&-.F &331/1&-/+ 1-/*&,2&2 P0&-

5*&22S*& .'&2L ,-. .&/*&,2&2 P1)0 1-/*&,21-K /'-/&-)*,)1'-2"


47/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! (& !

?1KS*& N"$$" >331/1&-/+ /S*R&2 3'* A+.*'/+/4'-& ^ ,) .133&*&-) /'-.1)1'-2 '3

/'-/&-)*,)1'- ,-. .&4), 5*&22S*&"

A+.*'/+/4'-& ] P,2 &-)1*&4+ .&21K-&. 3'* )012 2)S.+L S-41V& )0& ')0&* 21I/+/4'-&2 P01/0 P&*& QS14) ,-. .&R&4'5&. Q+ 9,*22'- 3'44'P1-K )0&1* 'P-

&I5&*1&-/&OQ,2&. 25&/131/,)1'-2 H)0& '-& (1221-K P,2 , /'((&*/1,4 '-&J" 80&

.&),142 '3 )0& .&21K- 5*'/&22 3'* /+/4'-& ] 0,R& Q&&- .&2/*1Q&. 1- ;0,5)&* #L

,-. 1) 3'44'P2 )0& *&/'((&-.,)1'-2 5SQ4120&. 1- )0& 25&/1,41T&. )&/0-1/,4

41)&*,)S*& 412)&. 1- ;0,5)&* ]" 7//'*.1-K )' )0& *&2S4)2 3'S-. 1- )0& &I5&*1(&-)2L

,-. *&5*&2&-)&. 1- 31KS*& N"$#L )0& -&P K&'(&)*+ 5*'5'2&. .'&2 -') (,V&

/+/4'-& ] ('*& &331/1&-) )0,- )0& ')0&* '-&2" 80& 3,/) )0,) )0&*& P,2 -'

25&/131/ 1-3'*(,)1'- 5SQ4120&. ,Q'S) P0&,) 2),*/0 /,- ,//'S-) 3'* )0& 4'P

&331/1&-/+ 'Q),1-&." q&)L )0& 20,5& '3 )0& /S*R&2 P,2 21(14,* )' )0& ')0&*

cyclones /S*R&2 ,-. )0& &331/1&-/+ -' R&*+ (S/0 4'P&*" k1)0 ('*&

'55'*)S-1)1&2 3'* ('.13+1-K ,-. )&2)1-K )0& 1-1)1,4 5*')')+5&L ,2 12 S2S,44+ .'-&

1- @ s = .&5,*)(&-)2L )0& &331/1&-/+ P'S4. 2S*&4+ 1(5*'R& ,3)&* , 3&P

1)&*,)1'-2" 8012 2)S.+ 20'P2 )0,) )0& 5,*)1/S4,* 21T& '3 )0& 5,*)1/4&2 )*,R&*21-K

)0& /+/4'-& 12 , V&+ 3,/)'* 1- )0& .&21K- '3 )0& /+/4'-&" 80& K&'(&)*1/,4

$

$#%

$#&

$#'

$#(

$#)

$#*

$#+

$#,

$ $#& $#( $#*

+,,-.-/0.1

2,

56789-6-:9;< *


48/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! (' !

5*'5&*)1&2 '3 0+.*'/+/4'-&2 /,--') Q& )0& 2,(& 3'* 5'),)' 2),*/0L ),51'/,

2),*/0 '* P0&,) 2),*/0"

744 /+/4'-&2L &I/&5) -S(Q&* ]L 0,R& , (,I1(S( &331/1&-/+ *,-K&

Q&)P&&- ^Nd ,-. ]^d" 80& (,I1(S( &331/1&-/+ 5'1-) 3'* /+/4'-& ] 12 21)S,)&.

,) WZd" 80& )*1,42 *&,41T&. P1)0 /+/4'-& ] .1. -') *&,/0 01K0 S-.&*34'P

5*&22S*&2" ?'* )0,) *&,2'-L 1) P,2 .1331/S4) )' 0,R& (,-+ 5'1-)2 1- )0& /S*R&

21-/& )0& 34'P ,4('2) .12,55&,*&. ,) (1..4& R,4S&2 '3 S-.&*34'P 5*&22S*&" 8012

.12,.R,-),K& /'S4. Q& .S& )' )0& *&212),-/& '33&*&. Q+ )0& /'-& 251*,4L QS) )012

/'-c&/)S*& 20'S4. Q& 5*'5&*4+ /0&/V&. P1)0 /,*&3S44+ .&21K-&. &I5&*1(&-)2"

7//'*.1-K )' 5*,/)1/,4 'Q2&*R,)1'-2 .S*1-K )0& &I5&*1(&-)2L )0& 4'P &331/1&-/+ '3

/+/4'-& ] /,- Q& /,S2&. Q+ &1)0&* )0& 20,5& '3 )0& R'*)&I 31-.&* '* )0& /'-&

251*,4"

?1KS*& N"$#" >331/1&-/+ /S*R&2 3'* A+.*'/+/4'-& ] ,) .133&*&-) /'-.1)1'-2 '3

/'-/&-)*,)1'- ,-. .&4), 5*&22S*&"

80& 4,2) /+/4'-& )&2)&. P,2 -S(Q&* ZL , 5*')')+5& K&-&*,)&. P1)0 D97

HD)&*&'41)0'K*,50+J )&/0-1aS&2 ,-. , .1,(&)&* '3 $M ((" D)&*&'41)0'K*,50+ 12 ,

X= *&/'-2)*S/)1'- (&)0'. Q,2&. '- , iU 4,2&* )0,) QS14.2L 4,+&* Q+ 4,+&*L ,51&/& .*,P- P1)0 ;7= )&/0-1aS&2" 80& &331/1&-/+ 54')2 '3 /+/4'-& Z ,*&

$

$#%

$#&

$#'

$#(

$#)

$#*

$#+

$ $#& $#( $#*

+,,-.-/0.1

2,

56789-6-:9;< +


49/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! (( !

*&5*&2&-)&. 1- 31KS*& N"$X" k0&- /'(5,*1-K )0& (,I1(S( &331/1&-/+ '3 &,/0

/S*R& 3'* )012 /+/4'-& ,-. /+/4'-& $L H/S**&-) 2),-.,*. /+/4'-& t $M ((JL

(,-S3,/)S*1-K )&/0-1aS&2 .' -') 2&&( )' 1-34S&-/& )0& 31-,4 *&2S4)2

21K-131/,-)4+" ;+/4'-&2 $ ,-. Z 0,R& ,55*'I1(,)&4+ )0& 2,(& &331/1&-/+ *,-K&R,4S&2L .&251)& )0&+ 0,R& Q&&- 3,Q*1/,)&. 3'44'P1-K .133&*&-) P,+2" A'P&R&*L

P& /,- 'Q2&*R& ,- 1-)&*&2)1-K .133&*&-/&F 3'* #X^ KY9 H$# r:\J ,-. ]MM VG, H]

Q,*2JL /+/4'-& Z 0,2 01K0&* &331/1&-/+ )0,- /+/4'-& $b-&R&*)0&4&22L )0& 01K0&2)

&331/1&-/+ 1- /+/4'-& $ 12 3'S-. 3'* $WX KY9 HZ [:\J ,-. ]MM VG, H] Q,*2J" 8012

3,/) 12 3S*)0&* .&),14&. 1- ),Q4& N"X"

?1KS*& N"$X" >331/1&-/+ /S*R&2 3'* A+.*'/+/4'-& Z ,) .133&*&-) /'-.1)1'-2 '3

/'-/&-)*,)1'- ,-. .&4), 5*&22S*&"

$

$#%

$#&

$#'

$#(

$#)

$#*

$#+

$#,

$ $#& $#( $#* $#,

+,,-.-/0.1

2,

56789-6-:9;< ,


50/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! () !

8,Q4& N"X =133&*&-/&2 '3 &331/1&-/+ Q&)P&&- 0+.*'/+/4'-&2 $ ,-. Z"

8'*02+2'*8'*)%*+."+2'* 5Z3 9F@ 9F@


51/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! (* !

81"4+%. F

8'*)$6,2'*,

80& (,1- 'Qc&/)1R& '3 )012 5*'c&/) P,2 )0& 1(5*'R&(&-) '3 0+.*'/+/4'-&

&331/1&-/+ 3'* P0&,) 2),*/0 2&5,*,)1'-L ,-. )012 'R&*,44 K',4 0,2 Q&&- *&,/0&."

80&*& 12 , 0+.*'/+/4'-&L 'S) '3 )0& &1K0) )&2)&.L )0,) /4&,*4+ (&&)2 )0&

*&aS1*&(&-)2 )' Q& /'-21.&*&. ,- &-&*K+O2,R1-K 0+.*'/+/4'-&" 8012 /+/4'-& 12

)0& Z (( /+/4'-& HR&*21'- $J (,-S3,/)S*&. Q+ 9,*22'- ;'(5,-+" B) P'*V&.

Q&))&*L -') '-4+ 3'* )0& .&21*&. 5*&22S*& /'-.1)1'- '3 WMM VG,L QS) ,42' 3'* )0&

'5)1(S( /'(Q1-,)1'- '3 5*&22S*& ,-. /'-/&-)*,)1'- K1R&- Q+ #X^ KY4 ,-. WMM

VG,"

80& 9,*22'- A+.*'/+/4'-& R&*21'- #L ,42' P1)0 , .1,(&)&* '3 Z ((L 0,2

)0& 2&/'-. 01K0&2) &331/1&-/+ 3'* )0& .&21*&. /'(Q1-,)1'- '3 5*&22S*& ,-.

/'-/&-)*,)1'-" 80& 2),-.,*. $M (( 9,*22'- 0+.*'/+/4'-& 12 -&,* )0& Q&2)

&331/1&-/1&2 3'* )0& .&21*&. /'-.1)1'-2 ,-. *&,/0&2 )0& )'5 &331/1&-/+ 3'* ,

5*&22S*& '3 ]MM VG, ,-. , /'-/&-)*,)1'- '3 $WX" 80& Z (( /+/4'-& P01/0+1&4.&. )0& Q&2) *&2S4)2 P,2 'Q),1-&. Q+ ('.13+1-K )012 $M (( R&*21'-"

7-')0&* 0+.*'/+/4'-& &R,4S,)&. 1- )012 5*'c&/) P,2 )0& 2),-.,*. $M ((

9,*22'- /+/4'-&L QS) (,-S3,/)S*&. ,554+1-K @,51. G*')')+51-K D)&*&'41)'K*,50+

HD97J )&/0-1aS&2" 8012 ('.&4 0,. R,4S&2 '3 &331/1&-/+ )0,) P&*& 4'P&* )0,-

)0'2& 3'S-. 3'* )0& 2),-.,*. $M (( 0+.*'/+/4'-& B) 2&&(2 )0,)L ,//'*.1-K )'

&I5&*1(&-),4 'Q2&*R,)1'-2L )0& P,+ '3 (,-S3,/)S*1-K 0+.*'/+/4'-&2 .1*&/)4+

,33&/)2 &331/1&-/+ R,4S&2L QS) .&31-1)& /'-/4S21'-2 /,--') Q& .*,P- S-)14 ('*&

*&2&,*/0 12 .'-&"

80& K&'(&)*+OQ,2&. 0+.*'/+/4'-& .&21K-&. ,-. .&R&4'5&. 'R&* )012

5*'c&/) 0,. 4'P &331/1&-/+ ,-. /'S4. -') '5&*,)& 3,R'*,Q4+ 3'* , P1.& *,-K& '3

S-.&*34'P 5*&22S*&2" 80& ,55,*&-) *&,2'- 3'* )012 'S)/'(& (1K0) Q& 1- )0&

1-)*'.S/)1'- '3 )'' (,-+ K&'(&)*1/,4 R,*1,)1'-2 1- '-& 21-K4& /+/4'-&L P01/0

/'(541/,)&2 )0& .12/*1(1-,)1'- '3 )0& 1-.1R1.S,4 &33&/) '3 &,/0 5,*,(&)&* '- )0&


52/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! (+ !

31-,4 &331/1&-/+ R,4S&" 7 Q&))&* ,55*',/0 /'S4. 0,R& Q&&- 3'44'P&. Q+ ('.13+1-K

)0& 5*')')+5& 2)&5 Q+ 2)&5 P014& *&K12)&*1-K )0& &331/1&-/+ ,3)&* &,/0

('.131/,)1'- (,.&" 80& '-4+ *&,2'- 3'* -') 5*'/&&.1-K 1- )0,) P,+ 12 )0&

2/,*/1)+ '3 )1(& 3'* )&2)1-K ,) , *&(')& 3,/141)+" 80& 2/0&.S4&. )1(& 3'*/'-.S/)1-K ,44 )0& &I5&*1(&-)2 P,2 '-& P&&VL ,-. 2'(& )1(& P,2 -&&.&. )'

/0&/V )0& )&2)1-K Q&-/0" =&251)& )0& 4'P &331/1&-/+ R,4S&2 3'S-. 3'* )012

0+.*'/+/4'-&L 1) /,--') Q& ,22S*&. )0,) )0&2& 1--'R,)1R& ('.131/,)1'-2 ,*& -')

Q&-&31/1,4 Q&/,S2& 13 )0&+ 0,. Q&&- 1-.1R1.S,44+ &R,4S,)&.L , ('*& *&,412)1/

,22&22(&-) P'S4. 0,R& 5*'Q,Q4+ Q&&- *&,41T&." 80&*&3'*&L )0& 5*&2&-/& '3 ,

251*,4 1- )0& /'-1/,4 5,*) '3 )0& /+/4'-&L )0& .&/*&,2& '3 )0& 'R&*34'P .1,(&)&*L

,-. )0& &I)&-21'- '3 )0& R'*)&I 31-.&* 4&-K)0 2&&( )' Q& 5'21)1R& ('.131/,)1'-2)' *,12& &331/1&-/+"

E') (S/0 *&2&,*/0 0,2 Q&&- 5SQ4120&. '- )0& &-0,-/&(&-) '3 &331/1&-/+

1- P0&,) 2),*/0 2&5,*,)1'- 5*'/&22&2" 80& 25&/131/ /'-/4S21'-2 .*,P- 3*'( )0&

)&2)2 5&*3'*(&. '- )0& K&'(&)*+OQ,2&. /+/4'-& 5*'5'2&. ,-. .&21K-&. 1- )012

5*'c&/) ,*& )0& 3'44'P1-KF

80& *&/'((&-.&. 5*')')+5& 0+.*'/+/4'-& 20'S4. Q& )*1&. P1)0'S) )0&

251*,4 /,*R&. '- 1)2 /'-1/,4 5,*) Q&/,S2& )012 &4&(&-) /,- 1-/*&,2& )0&

*&212),-/& )' 34'P ,-.L /'-)*,*14+ )' P0,) 0,2 Q&&- 2SKK&2)&. Q+

DR,*'R2V+ H$`ZNJL 1) (1K0) .&/*&,2& )0& &331/1&-/+ '3 )0& /+/4'-&"

B(5*'R&(&-)2 ,*& )' Q& &I5&/)&. 13 )0& /+/4'-& 1-/'*5'*,)&2 , .133&*&-)

R'*)&I" 80& /S**&-) '-& 1-)*'.S/&. , 21K-131/,-) /0,-K& /'(5,*&. )'

)0'2& 20'P1-K Q&))&* &331/1&-/+ R,4S&2" B- 5,*)1/S4,*L 1) 20'S4. Q& )*1&.P1)0 , 20'*)&* R'*)&I 31-.&* ,-. P1)0 , 2(,44&* 'R&*34'P .1,(&)&*"

80& 1-)*'.S/)1'- '3 , /&-)*,4 5,*) in the hydrocyclones body to avoid the

)S*QS4&-/&2 /*&,)&. Q+ *'SK0 *'),)1'-,4 34'P2 5*'.S/&. P0&- )0& 3&&.

&-)&*2 ),-K&-)1,44+ P144 5*'Q,Q4+ &-0,-/& &331/1&-/+ ,4)0'SK0 1) 1-R'4R&2 ,

('*& 2'5012)1/,)&. .&21K-" B- 3,/)L ;0S &) ,4" H#MMMJ 3'S-. )0,) )0&

1-2&*)1'- '3 , /&-)*,4 5,*) '- , /+/4'-& P,2 )0& ('2) 21K-131/,-)

5,*,(&)&* '- )0& &-&*K+ 4'22 /'&331/1&-)"


53/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! (, !

80& 1-34S&-/& '3 )0& ,R&*,K& 5,*)1/4& 21T& '- )0& 0+.*'/+/4'-& .&21K- 2)144

*&(,1-2 ,- S-V-'P- 3,/)'*L P01/0 20'S4. Q& /,*&3S44+ 2)S.1&. 1- )0&

3S)S*&"

8012 1-)&*&2)1-K *&2&,*/0 '5&-&. 2&R&*,4 5,)02 3'* 3S*)0&* 1-R&2)1K,)1'-2" B-

5,*)1/S4,*L -&I) 2)&52 /'S4. Q& ),V&- 1- )0& 3'44'P1-K .1*&/)1'-2F

>-0,-/&(&-) '3 )0& &331/1&-/1&2 '3 )0'2& 0+.*'/+/4'-&2 )0,) K,R& )0&

Q&2) *&2S4)2 1- )0& )*1,42 Q+ 241K0)4+ /0,-K1-K )0& K&'(&)*+ '3 )0& /+/4'-&L

&25&/1,44+ 3'* R&*21'- $ /+/4'-& '3 Z ((L L P01/0 0,2 R&*+ 5*'(121-K

3&,)S*&2"

D)S.+ 13 )0& P,+ '3 (,-S3,/)S*1-K /+/4'-&2 0,2 , -'),Q4& 1-34S&-/& '-

&331/1&-/+ R,4S&2" B3 )0& /'**&4,)1'- 12 -&K,)1R&L 0+.*'/+/4'-&2 /'S4. Q&

(,-S3,/)S*&. S21-K *,51.O5*')')+51-K )&/0-1aS&2L P1)0 )0& /'-2&aS&-)

2,R1-K2 '3 (,-S3,/)S*1-K /'2)2"

D&aS&-)1,4 )&2)1-K '3 ,44 )0& K&'(&)*1/ ('.131/,)1'-2 5*'5'2&. Q+ ;0S &)

,4"H#MMMJ 1- '-& 0+.*'/+/4'-& ('.&4"


54/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! (- !

81"4+%. C

G)H*'I$%05%B%*+,

B P'S4. 41V& )' )0,-V 9,*22'- 6" U&*V2),. 7:L ,-. &25&/1,44+ j'-,2


55/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! ). !

81"4+%. ?

D%(%.%*)%,

;0SL 9" q"L j" j" u1-L k" 6" ;0&-L ,-. C" p" 9&&" #MMM" >-&*K+ /'-2S(5)1'- ,-. 1)2

*&.S/)1'- 1- )0& 0+.*'/+/4'-& 2&5,*,)1'- 5*'/&22" BBB" >33&/) '3 )0& 2)*S/)S*& '334'P 31&4. '- >-&*K+ /'-2S(5)1'- ,-. &-&*K+ 2,R1-K 5*1-/154&2"D&5,*,)1'-D/1&-/& ,-. 8&/0-'4'K+XW H$^JF #^]`O#]MW"

;0SL 9" q"L k" 6" ;0&-L ,-. C" p" 9&&" #MM#," >33&/) '3 2)*S/)S*,4 ('.131/,)1'- '-0+.*'/+/4'-& 5&*3'*(,-/&" D&5,*,)1'- ,-. 5S*131/,)1'- )&/0-'4'K+#$F ]$ O Z^"

;0SL 9" q"L k" 6" ;0&-L ,-. C" p" 9&&" #MM#Q" >33&/)2 '3 K&'(&)*1/ ,-. '5&*,)1-K5,*,(&)&*2 ,-. 3&&. /0,*,/)&*2 '- )0& (')1'- '3 2'41. 5,*)1/4&2 1-0+.*'/+/4'-&2" D&5,*,)1'- ,-. 5S*131/,)1'- )&/0-'4'K+#^F #X]#N^"

>41,22'-L 7" ;" #MMN" D),*/0 1- 3''." D)*S/)S*&L 3S-/)1'- ,-. ,5541/,)1'-2" k''.0&,.GSQ41201-KL ;,(Q*1.K&L i_"

>(,(1L D"L 9"%"8,Q14L @"8 8+4&* ,-. k" ;*&*,*" #MMW" >33&/) '3 3&&. /'-/&-)*,)1'- ,-.5*&22S*& .*'5 1- 2),*/0O5*')&1-" D&5,*,)1'- S21-K , 0+.*'/+/4'-&" 7D7:> G,5&*E'" MW^MZ`" D)" j'2&50L 61/0"F 7D7>"

>(,(1L D"L 9"%" 8,Q14 ,-. @" 8+4&*" #MM^" B2'4,)1'- '3 2),*/0 ,-. 5*')&1- 3*'( /01/V5&,34'S* S21-K , 0+.*'/+/4'-& ,-. 12'&4&/)*1/ 5*&/151),)1'- (&)0'."7D7:> G,5&*E'" M^^M`M" D)" j'2&50L 61/0"F 7D7>"

?&*-e-.&T 6,*)f-&TL 9"L 7" %S)1\**&T 9,Rf-L 6" 6" 6,0,(S.L ,-. j" 9" :S&-'" #MMZ"U'*)&I 31-.&* '5)1(S( 4&-K)0 1- 0+.*'/+/4'-& 2&5,*,)1'-" ;0&(1/,4 >-K1-&&*1-K,-. G*'/&221-KN]F $`#O$``"

%*'((&*2L A">"L j" _*1VV&-L :" A" :'2L ,-. ="7" R,- .&* _*'K)" #MMN" ;'(5,*12'- '32(,44 0+.*'/+/4'-&2 Q,2&. '- )'),4 5*'/&22 /'2)2" 61-&*,42 >-K1-&&*1-K$]FWZ$OWZ`"

%S5),L @"L 6"=" _,S4,2V,*L U" _S(,*L @" D*15*1+,L :" ;" 6&1V,5L ,-. D" ;0,V*,Q'*)+"#MMZ" D)S.1&2 '- )0& S-.&*2),-.1-K (&/0,-12( '3 ,1* /'*& ,-. R'*)&I3'*(,)1'- 1- , 0+.*'/+/4'-&" ;0&(1/,4 >-K1-&&*1-K j'S*-,4$NNF $WX O $^^"

A,Q1Q1,-L 6"L 6" G,T'SV1L A" %0,-,1&L ,-. _" 7QQ,25'S*OD,-1" #MMZ" 75541/,)1'- '30+.*'/+/4'-& 3'* *&('R,4 '3 +&,2)2 3*'( ,4/'0'4 3&*(&-),)1'-2 Q*')0" ;0&(1/,4>-K1-&&*1-K j'S*-,4$XZF XMOXN"

D,&-K/0,-L _"L 7" E'50,*,),-,L ,-. k" D'-KV,21*1" #MM`" >-0,-/&(&-) '3 ,5&I.1,(&)&*L 3&&. /'-/&-)*,)1'- ,-. 5*&22S*& .*'5 '- ),51'/, 2),*/0 2&5,*,)1'-P1)0 , 0+.*'/+/4'-&" ;0&(1/,4 >-K1-&&*1-K ,-. G*'/&221-KNZF $`WO#M#"

DR,*'R2V+L 9" $`ZN" A+.*'/+/4'-&2"A'4)L @1-&0,*) ,-. k1-2)'- 9)."L 9'-.'-L i_"


56/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! )% !

G--QVW;a ;: AG!3G] 8UWQ MUD TQ3;a WQX;OV

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!"#$%&"&'%()*+ #)*-.( %/ /'01 *2-$0'

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

! #$ %&'()*+, -.*/ 012*34 %5678 9)*:&';*&?&)4 @&2'1,'$= ABBC

! ;D*',EFGE,


57/58

!"#$"" &$'(")*+ ,"$-./)0 12/3 456/'+ 708 9::;+

! )& !

G--QVW;a ;;: AG!3G] 8UWQ MUD TQ3;a WQX;OV

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!"#$%&"&'%()*+ #)*-.( %/ *2-$0' 34567489 :;97


58/58

Diseño y Ensayo Ciclonettes

Documents

Transcript of Diseño y Ensayo Ciclonettes