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8/13/2019 Dioccionario

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AArchitect:An individual, partnership, corporation or other legal entity licensed to practice

the profession of architecture under the education law of the State of New York.

Architrave:1. The lowest part of a classical entablature. 2. A molding enframing an

opening such as a window or areaway or the open space between a rowhouse and thesidewalk, usually beside the stoop.

Armature:A metal structural support for a rigid projecting sign. The armature maysupport the bracket sign by means of one or two projecting arms.


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Authorization to Proceed (ATP): A letter from LPC notifying an applicant that

certain work types, such as the installation of air conditioners or replacement

windows, conform with the provisions of an approved Master Plan.

Awning:A metal frame clad with fabric attached over a window, door, porch opening or

storefront to provide protection from the weather.

ACCESS PANEL: A small metal or wood door flush with a wall or ceiling surfacewhich provides a closure over a valve or other operable device which is recessedinto the wall or located above a ceiling. The access door may be keyed andlockable.


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ACCESS FLOOR: Removable metal or concrete floor panels about 18" to 24"square which are supported on short steel pedestals so that wiring and ductworkmay be installed, changed and maintained below the floor. The raised floor maybe carpeted or tiled to create a finished floor surface.

ACOUSTICAL TILE, ACOUSTICAL PANEL: A ceiling or wall tile finishing materialwith an inherent property to absorb sound; usually made of mineral, fiber orinsulated metal materials. Not "Acoustic Tile" or "Acoustical Board."

ACRYLIC (PAINT), ACRYLIC LATEX - A paint composed of acrylic resins, thinnedwith water.


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ADDENDUM- Written or graphic instruments issued prior to the execution of theContract which modify or interpret the bidding documents, including Drawings andSpecifications, by additions, deletions, clarifications or corrections. Addenda willbecome part of the Contract Documents when the Construction Contract isexecuted. (Plural-"Addenda".)

ADHESIVE: A sticky substance to bond one material to another. Use the term"Adhere" instead of "Glue." Do not use "Glue," "Cement," or Mastic."

ADMIXTURE - A chemical which is added to concrete to accelerate or retard thesetting process or to create air bubbles in the concrete, called "accelerators," or :air

entraining agents."

AGGREGATE- Any of various hard, inert materials, like sand, gravel, crushedstone, or pebbles added to cement to make concrete, mortar, or plaster.


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AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM- The process of treating air for simultaneouscontrol of temperature, humidity, cleanliness, and distribution.

ALKYD (PAINT)- A paint composed of a chemically synthesized, alkyd derivedbase, thinned with mineral spirits. The current version of "oil" based paints.

ALTERATION: A planned or executed change to an existing building, short ofcomplete demolition of the building. See also DEMOLITION and SELECTIVEDEMOLITION.

ARRIS: Sharp edge of a finished member.


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AS-BUILT DRAWING: A drawing or print marked by the Contractor to show actualconditions of a project as constructed after construction.

ASHLAR- A rectangular pattern of stone used in a wall.

ASPHALTIC CONCRETE: This is the term used for paving for roads anddriveways. Not "Asphalt" or "Bituminous" Concrete.


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BBaluster:One of a series of short vertical posts, often ornamental, used to support a rail.

Balustrade:A railing composed of balusters and a top rail running along the edge of a

porch, balcony, roof, or stoop.

Banking Interior:The area of the designated interior historically used for bankingoperations and any associated interior spaces including, without limitation, entrance

vestibules or mezzanines identified in the designation report as part of the designatedinterior.


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Bay:A regularly repeating division of a faade, marked by fenestration.

Bay Window: A projecting form containing windows that rises from the ground or fromsome other support, such as a porch roof; see also oriel.

Block Plan:A drawing of a buildings foot print within an entire block in simplified, non-detailed form


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Bracket:A projecting angled or curved form used as a support, found in conjunction with

balconies, lintels, pediments, cornices, etc.

Brick Molding:A milled wood trim piece covering the gap between the window frame andmasonry, which can be rectilinear, curved, or composite-curved.

Bulkhead:The part of a storefront that forms a base for one or more display windows

Building Plan:A drawing that shows a horizontal view


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Building Streetwall:The predominant plane of the building facade at the level of the

storefront.

BACKFILL- The material (earth, gravel, or sand) used for refilling around afoundation wall.

BALUSTER- Any of a number of closely spaced vertical supports for a railing orbalustrade.

BATT INSULATION - A preformed section of flexible fiberglass or mineral wool

insulation with or without a vapor barrier covering on one side (either kraft paper oraluminum foil) sized to fit snugly in a framed cavity between studs or joists.


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BATTEN- A narrow strip of wood or metal used to cover vertical joints betweenboards or panels.

BEAM- A horizontal load-supporting member of a building which directly supports afloor; may be of wood steel, or concrete; transmits load horizontally to verticalcolumns or bearing walls. Normally beams are larger and are spaced further apartthan "joist."

BEARING WALL- A wall which supports any vertical load in a building (such asfloors, roofs, joist, beams or girder) as well as its own weight.

BEVELED WOOD SIDING- Horizontal wood boards of varying widths, (usually 4",6", 8", or 10") with lower edge thicker than upper edge.


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BLANKET INSULATION - Roll type fiberglass insulation for installation overceilings or on wall surfaces either laid flat or secured with impaling pins.

BRACE- A structural member which reinforces a column, beam, or truss.

C


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Canopy:A metal frame clad with fabric that projects from a building entrance over the

sidewalk to the curb where its supported on vertical posts

Cap flashing:A waterproof sheet that seals the tops of cornices and walls.

Capital:The topmost member, usually decorated, of a column or pilaster.

Cast Iron:A type of iron, mass-produced in the nineteenth century, created by pouring

molten iron into a mold; used for ornament, garden furniture, and building parts.


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Clapboard Wood:Siding composed of horizontal, overlapping boards, the lower edges of

which are usually thicker than the upper.

Colonnade:A row of regularly spaced columns supporting an entablature.

Colonnette:A diminutive column which is usually either short or slender.


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Color :The sensible perception of hue, value and saturation characteristics of surfaces of

window components. In the event of disagreement, the Munsell system of color

identification shall govern.

Console:A scroll-shaped projecting bracket that supports a horizontal member.

Cornice:A projecting molding that tops the elements to which it is attached; used

especially for a roof or the crowning member of an entablature, located above the frieze.


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Cresting:A decorative element, frequently of iron, usually located at the peak or edge of a

roof.

Cupola:A small dome on a base crowning a roof

CAISSON- A deep foundation type which is constructed by boring a large diameter hole in the ground and filling it with concrete.


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CANTILEVER- A structural member projecting horizontally well beyond its verticalsupport.

CASE WALL- A partition to enclose mechanical and plumbing systems.

CASING- The exposed trim molding, around a door or window; may be either flator molded.


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CEMENT- Portland Cement for use in concrete, grout, mortar, cement plaster andstucco.

CEMENT PLASTER- Material made from Portland cement sand and water for useon exterior walls and soffits, and on high use interior surfaces or in high humidityinterior spaces. "Stucco" is cement plaster.

CHALKBOARD - Do not use the term "Blackboard" which is archaic sincecontemporary chalkboards are not normally black.


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CONCRETE - A mixture of Portland cement, large and small aggregate, water andadmixture.

D


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Demolition:Dismantling or razing of all or part of an existing improvement.

Display Window:The large glazed portion of the storefront, and the associated framing,

above the bulkhead and below the transom, extending from pier to pier. The display

window is typically used for the display of goods and to provide daylight and visibility intothe commercial space.

Doric:One of five classical orders, recognizable by its simple capital. The Greek Doric

column has a fluted shaft and no base; the Roman Doric column may be fluted or smooth

and rests on a molded base.


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Dormer:A vertical structure, usually housing a window, that projects from a sloping roof

and is covered by a separate roof structure.

Double hung:A type of window with two sash, each sliding on a vertical track.

Dunnage:Supports for air conditioning and other equipment above the roof of a building.


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DATUM - A reference elevation to which other elevations are measured.

DEAD LOAD - The part of the total building load contributed by the structural

building elements and materials.

DETAIL - A drawing, at a larger scale, of a part of another drawing, indicating indetail the design, location, composition and correlation of the elements andmaterials shown. (Usually referring to a plan detail.)


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DOUBLE HUNG WINDOW - A type of window containing two movable sashsections which slide open vertically.

DOWNSPOUT - A pipe to carry rainwater from the gutter or roof to the ground orthe sewer -- can be sheet metal, plastic, or other type of piping material.

DRAWING - do not use "print," "blueprint," or "sheet"

DRIP - A projecting part of a sill or cornice that sheds rain water and protectsstructural parts below.

DRYWALL - Gypsum board for interior wall and ceiling finish material.

DUCT - A rectangular or round sheet metal or fiberglass pipe used to convey warmor cooled air.

DUMBWAITER - an elevator too small for a person - used for vertically transportingfood, mail, dishes, trays, etc.

E

Eave:The overhanging edge of a roof.

Egg and dart: An ornamental band molding of egg forms alternating with dart forms.

Elevation:A drawing of a face of a building with all the features shown, as if in a single

vertical plane


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Enframement:A general term referring to any elements surrounding a window or door.

Engineer:Any individual, partnership, corporation or other legal entity licensed to practicethe profession of engineering under the education law of the State of New York.

English bond:A pattern of brickwork with alternate courses of headers and stretchers.

Entablature:A major horizontal member carried by a column(s) or pilaster(s); it consists

of an architrave, a frieze, and a cornice. The proportions and detailing are different for eachorder, and strictly prescribed.

Establishment:A manufacturing, commercial or retail business or profession.

Entrance recess:The recessed opening in the facade leading up to the doorway of astorefront or building entrance.

Existing windows:The windows existing at the time of designation or windows whichhave been changed subsequent to designation pursuant to a permit issued by the

Commission.

Eyebrow dormer: A curved dormer with no sides, covered by a smooth protrusion from

the sloping roof.

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EAVES - The lower or outer edge of a roof which overhangs the side wall of abuilding.

ELASTOMERIC - A material which is inherently rubbery for sealants, flashings,and waterproof membranes.

ELEVATION -(1) A drawing of the front, side, or rear of the building drawn to scale.(2) The height above surface of the earth or the vertical distance from a givenreference elevation.

ENGLISH BASEMENT - A basement with half its height above grade level.

EVACUATION - The removal of earth from its natural position, or the depression

resulting from the removal of earth.

EXPANSION JOINT - A joint in concrete, masonry, or metal designed formovement - expansion and contraction -- not a "control joint," or "construction

joint."


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EXPANSION SHIELD - a drilled-in lead shaft, into which a bolt is screwed,expanding the shaft tight against the hole -- used for anchoring materials ontoconcrete or masonry surfaces.

F

Faade:The main exterior face of a building, sometimes distinguished from the other facesby elaboration of architectural or ornamental details.

Fanlight:A semicircular or semielliptical window above a door, usually inset with

radiating glazing bars.

Fascia:A horizontal, flat element often combined with a cornice and architrave.

Fenestration:The arrangement, proportioning and design of windows in a building.

Festoon:A carved ornament in the form of a band, loop, or wreath, suspended from two

points; also called a garland or swag.

Finial: The crowning ornament of a pointed element, such as a spire.

Finish:The visual characteristics including color, texture and reflectivity of all exterior

materials.

Fixture:An appliance or device attached to the facade (e.g., awning, sign, lighting fixture,

conduit, or security gate).

Flashing:Strips of sheet metal bent to fit the angle between any two roof surfaces or

between the roof and any projection, such as a chimney.

Floor Plan:A scaled drawing showing the horizontal arrangement of one level of the

building that typically indicates walls, doors and dimensions

Flemish bond:A pattern of brickwork in which each course consists of headers andstretchers laid alternately; each header is centered between the stretcher above and the

stretcher below it.

Foliate:Decorative leafage, often applied to capitals or moldings.

Frame:The stationary portion of a window unit that is affixed to the facade and holds thesash or other operable portions of the windows.

French door or French window:A tall casement window that reaches to the floor, usuallyarranged in two leaves as a double door.


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Frieze:1. The middle horizontal member of a classical entablature, above the architrave

and below the cornice. 2. A similar decorative band in a stringcourse, or near the top of an

interior wall below the cornice.

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FACADE - The front of a building.

FACE BRICK - A good grade of brick used to finished the exterior of building walls.

FASCIA -(1) Any relatively broad flat vertical surface like that on the outside of acornice.(2) A finishing board used to conceal rafter ends.

FEASIBILITY STUDY - A detailed investigation and analysis conducted todetermine the financial, economic, technical or other advisability of a proposed

project.

FEE - A term used to denote payment for a professional service, (not includingcompensation for reimbursable expenses, such as travel, long distance telephonecalls, photo copy, printing or mailing).

FELT PAPER- Archaic term - an asphalt-impregnated used as a covering for wallsheathing or for plys of built-up roofing, usually weighing 15 lbs. per 100 squarefeet -- use the term "building paper" for use over wall sheathing, and "ply" forroofing felts.

FENESTRATION- The design and disposition or arrangement of windows or otheropenings in a building wall.

FIBERBOARD - A building board of wood or other plant fibers compressed andbonded into a sheet, usually 4'-0" x 8'-0" x 1/2" thick.

FIBERGLASS - Finespun filaments of glass made into a yarn, used in blankets asinsulation; or it may by added to gypsum or concrete products to increase tensilestrength -- do not use the term "glass fiber."

FILL - Soil, gravel, or sand used to equalize or raise the surface of the earth.

FINISHED FLOOR - The top or wearing surface of a floor system, of hardwood,vinyl, terrazzo, or ceramic tile.

FIRE RESISTANCE - The ability of a wall or floor assembly to maintain structuralstability and act as an effective barrier to the transmission of heat for a stipulatedperiod of time. Measured in hours, such as 1hr, 2hr, 3hr, or 4hr.


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FIRE STOPPING- Solid wood members placed between studs to retard the spreadof flame within the framing cavity.

FIREPROOFING - The use of incombustible materials to protect steel structuredmembrane of a building so it can withstand a fire without losing structural integrity,

for a stipulated period of time. Measured in hours, such as 1 hr, 2hr, 3hr, or 4hr.

FLAKE BOARD - use the term "particle board" instead.

FLAME SPREAD CLASSIFICATION - A standard measurement of the relativesurface burning characteristics of a building material when tested by ASTM E 84.Classes are A, B, or C.

FLASHING- The strips of sheet metal, copper, lead, or tin used to cover andprotect structural angles and joints, to prevent water seepage or leaks.

FLOAT FINISH- The surface of concrete finished by a continuous spreading of thematerial with a flat board.

FLUE- The duct or open space within a chimney through which combustion gassesand smoke are allowed to escape.

FOOTING- The projecting course at the base of a foundation wall whichdistributes the building load over a wider area of the soil.

FOYER- The entrance hall of a house or other building type.

FURNISH: The term "furnish" is used to mean "supply and deliver to the Projectsite, ready for unloading, unpacking, assembly, installation, and similar operations."

FURRING- The strips of wood or metal applied to wall or other surface to make itplumb or true to line, which will provide a fastening surface for a finish covering --be more precise by using the terms "wood furring" or "metal furring."

FURRING CHANNEL- cold rolled steel channel for suspension of plaster or drywallceilings - usually 3/4" or 1 2" deep.

G

Gable:The upper portion of an end wall formed by the slope of a roof.

Galvanized Iron:Iron that has been coated with zinc to inhibit rusting.


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Glazing:The material, usually glass, that fills spaces between sash members (rails, stiles

and muntins), commonly referred to as panes or lights.

Glazing Bar:See mullion.

Gothic Sash :A window sash pattern composed of mullions that cross to form pointedarches.

Grille:A decorative, openwork grating, usually of iron, used to protect a window, door, orother opening.

Gutter:A shallow channel of metal or wood set immediately below and along the eaves of

a building to catch and carry off rainwater.

GABLE- The triangular-shaped wall at the end of a building between the slopes ofa roof.

GAGE- Same as "gauge" -- thickness of metal.

GAMBREL ROOF- A ridged roof, with sides having two pitches or slopes.

GENERAL CONTRACT-(1) Under the single contract system, the ContractBetween the Owner and the Contractor for construction of the entire Work. (2)Under the separate contract system, that Contract between the Owner and aContractor for construction of architectural and structural Work.

GENERAL CONDITIONS (OF THE CONTRACT FOR CONSTRUCTION)- Thatwritten part of the Contract Documents which sets forth many of the rights,responsibilities and relationships of the parties involved.

GIRDER- A Horizontal load supporting member of a building which supports abeam or beams.

GIRT- A secondary horizontal framing member extending between columns orstuds to stiffen the framing system; also to provide support for the siding orsheathing.

GLAZED OPENING- glass window in an interior wall or partition -- do not use theterm "window," "vision panel," "light," "lite," or "borrowed light."

GRADE BEAM - A horizontal load-bearing foundation member but end-supportedon piles, piers, or caissons like a standard beam; not ground-supported like afoundation wall.


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GRADE- Level of the earth's surface.

GRILLAGE- A system of beams, laid crosswise to form a foundation to evenlydistribute the load.

GROSS AREA- The total enclosed floor area of all floors of a building measuredfrom the outside surface of the exterior walls.

GROUNDS- The strips of wood or metal placed around a wall opening to establishthe finished plane for the palter or concrete.

GROUT- A thin, fluid mortar mixture of Portland cement, fine aggregate and waterused to fill small joints and cavities in masonry work -- do not use mortar in place ofgrout.

GUARD RAIL- A protective railing around an open raised platform.

GYP BOARD- See gypsum wallboard.

GYPSUM WALLBOARD- A prefabricated sheet used in drywall construction madeof gypsum covered with paper which can be painted, or wall papered -- use theterm "drywall" instead.

H

Head :The upper horizontal part of a window frame or window opening.

Header:A masonry wall unit of brick which is laid so that its short end is exposed.

Historic Appearance:The visual appearance of a structure or site at a specific point in

time after it has undergone alterations or additions which enhance or contribute to the

building or sites special architectural, aesthetic, cultural, or historic character.

Historic Fabric:A building's original or significant historic faade construction material orornament, or fragments thereof.

Historic windows:(1) windows installed at time of construction of the building; or (2)windows of a type installed at time of construction of similar buildings in similar periodsand styles; or (3) windows installed at time of major facade alterations 30 or more years

ago.

Hood:A projection that shelters an element such as a door or window.


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HVAC Equipment:Window, through-wall and yard-mounted heating, ventilation, and air

conditioning equipment, including window louvers, wall-mounted grilles and stove,

bathroom and/or dryer vents.

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HANDRAIL- Single railing on wall at stair -- use "railing" for a protective barrier.

HANGER- Any suspended structural member to which other members areattached.

HARDBOARD- manufactured flat wood panel used for interior finish material -- donot use the terms "Masonite," or "pressed board."

HARDWOOD- wood obtained from deciduous trees, mainly used for finished woodtrim, doors, panels, and furniture -- no specific species, could be oak, birch, ash,

poplar, teak, mahogany, butternut, etc.

HEAD ROOM- The distance between the top of a finished floor and the lowest partof the floor above.

HEADER- In masonry, a brick laid across the thickness of a wall with one endtoward the face of wall. In carpentry, a wood beam set at right angles to joists at afloor opening to provide a support for joist which are interrupted by the opening.

HEARTH- The floor of a fire place, and the projection of noncombustible flooringmaterial in front of the fireplace.

HIP ROOF- A room whose four sides slope to a common point or to ridge; has nogabled ends.

HOISTWAY- shaft for elevators and dumbwaiters.

HOLLOW METAL- break-formed sheet metal used for doors, windows and frames.

I

Improvement:Any building, structure, place, work of art, or other object constituting aphysical betterment of real property, or any part of such betterment.

IN KIND: The term "in kind" means of the same type, size, material, etc. as theexisting item.


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INDICATED: The term "indicated" refers to graphic representations, notes, orschedules on the Drawings, other paragraphs or schedules in the Specifications,and similar requirements in the Contract Documents. Where terms such as"shown," "noted," "scheduled," and "specified" are used, it is to help the readerlocate the reference; no limitation on location is intended.

INSTALL- The term "install" is used to describe operations at project site includingthe actual "unloading, unpacking, assembly, erection, placing, anchoring, applying,working to dimension, finishing, curing, protecting, cleaning, and similaroperations."

INSTALLER: An "Installer" is the Contractor or an entity engaged by theContractor, either as an employee, subcontractor, or sub-subcontractor, forperformance of a particular construction activity, including installation, erection,application, and similar operations.

INSULATION- Any material used to slow down the transfer of heat.

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