Cráter Chicxulub y la extinción de los dinosaurios · 2017. 11. 23. · Chicxulub multiring...
Transcript of Cráter Chicxulub y la extinción de los dinosaurios · 2017. 11. 23. · Chicxulub multiring...
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Cráter Chicxulub y la
extinción de los dinosaurios
Jaime Urrutia Fucugauchi
Academia Nacional de Medicina
24 de agosto de 2016
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La Atracción
de los Dinosaurios
Colección de
Restos Fósiles
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Además de las
investigaciones sobre
los fósiles de
dinosaurios y sobre su
evolución y
características, se tienen
numerosas exposiciones
en Museos y la
construcción de replicas
y modelos animados tri
dimensionales
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Efectos del impacto en
los sistemas de soporte
de vida del planeta
Atmosfera, oceanos, clima… Límite Cretácico/Paleogeno
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Antes Mesozoico
Cenozoico
Límite K-Pg
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Extinciones en el registro fósil
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Sección K/Pg section
Gubbio, Italia
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Capa de eyecta K/Pg – distribución global
Chicxulub impact
Schulte et al., Science 2010 Anomalía de iridio
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Impact record – globally distributed K/Pg layer
Smit, 1999
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End-Cretaceous mass extinction
Extinctions Survivors Secondary extinctions Biodiversity
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K/Pg boundary marine
sediment record
ODP Leg 1718
Atlantic Ocean
Registro impacto
Chicxulub
Fireball layer
Empty seas layer
Ejecta layer
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Schulte et al., Science 2010
Secciones límite Cretácico/Paleogeno
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Renne et al., 2013 Science Edad límite K/Pg: 66.038 +/- 0.049 Ma
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Smith et al., 2010
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cenote ring
surface expression
crater rim
Imagen satelital de interferometría de radar de Yucatan
past coastlines
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Chicxulub multiring crater
Bouguer gravity
anomaly Chicxulub
- Multiring basin, central peak-ring
- Diameter: ~ 200 km
- Projectile: chondritic asteroid
(diameter 12 - 14 km)
-Age: K/Pg boundary (66 Ma)
- Location: Yucatan carbonate platform,
Gulf of Mexico
-Buried structure. Covered by Tertiary
carbonate sediments
- Target rocks: ~ 100 m ocean water, ~
3000 m limestone, dolomite and
anhydrite, ~ 30 km of crystalline
basement
- Excavation depth: 25-30 km (entire
crust)
- Complete sequence of allochthonous
impactites inside the crater (impact
melt, suevites, and megabreccias),
partially preserved ejecta blanket, and
distal ejecta
-It is the only multiring crater with ejecta
blanket preserved)
- Global K/Pg boundary layer
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Paleogeografía a fines del Cretácico e inicios del Paleógeno
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Chicxulub crater
Matsui et al. (2002)
Maximum period: 10 hours,Maximum run up height: 300 m
Tsunamis en el Golfo de México y Caribe
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Pierazzo et al., 1998
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(French, 1998)
Excavation
Collapse
Central uplift
lithospheric
re-bound
Melosh, 1989
Collins et al., 2008
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Chicxulub Marine Drilling Project
IODP Expedition 364
Drilling Phase April-June 2016
Next Stop: Science Party
University of Bremen
September-October 2016
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Chicxulub marine drilling project
What rocks comprise a topographic peak ring and how do peak rings form?
How are rocks weakened during large impacts to allow them to collapse and form relatively wide, flat
craters?
What caused the environmental changes that led to a mass extinction and what insights arise from
biologic recovery in the Paleogene?
What effect does a large impact have on the deep subsurface biosphere and can impacts generate
habitats for chemosynthetic life?
New studies - ongoing projects
Chicxulub peak ring project
Chicxulub is the only large terrestrial crater
with a peak ring preserved
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Muchas gracias
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Bottke, W., Vokrouhlický, D., Nesvorný, D., 2007. An asteroid breakup 160 Myr ago as the probable
source of the K/T impactor. Nature, 449, doi:10.1038
~160 Ma
~65.5 Ma ~109 Ma
Tycho D ~85 km Chicxulub D ~200 km
Baptistina Break-up
Baptistina ~170 Km Carbonaceous Chondrite Asteroid
Origin and pre-collision history of Chicxulub asteroid
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Studies of asteroid belt dynamics Collisions
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Regional deformation effects in Gulf of Mexico Caribbean Sea
Collapse of carbonate platform
Margin collapse breccias
Tsunami and gravity flow deposits
Earthquake magnitude M > 13-15
Gulf carbonate breccias
Oil reservoirs in impact breccias –
Sonda de Campeche Cantarell
Cantarell giant
oil fields