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Walls above ground

Application

1. Masonry 1. 11m

2. no support concrete floor construction

2. ICF1. Maxim floor to floor height 3m

2. Maxim 2 storeys,

3. Dwell only

4. S(0.2) ≤0.4

3. Wood frame (structure application)

4. Steel stud (No load barring )

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1. Block (table 9.20.2.7)

2. Mortar

1. Cement

2. Lime

3. Water

4. Aggregate

3. Block joints

4. Lintel

1. Steel lintel for masonry wall (table 9.20.5.2.A)

2. Steel lintel for masonry veneer(table 9.20.5.2.B)

3. Beam for masonry veneer (table 9.20.5.2.C)

Note: L steel: 150mm bearing, Beam: welded to columns

CementCementCementCement 7day (7day (7day (7day (MPaMPaMPaMPa)))) 28day (28day (28day (28day (MPaMPaMPaMPa))))

Type N 3.4 9.0

Type S 6.2 14.5

Type M 12.4 20

1. Thickness and height

1. Exterior

1. 140mm: one floor, 2.8m, 4.6m

2. 190mm: other floors

2. Interior (9.20.6.3)

2. Cavity wall

1. 90mm or 75mm units?

2. Cavity 50-150mm

3. Min. width 230mm for the top 7.6m and 330mm for the rest.

4. If 75mm units are used, max. height is 6m

3. Masonry veneer

1. Min. 70mm units

2. Min. 90mm units

3. Tying (table 9.20.9.5 )

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1. Single Wythe: Offset or 3.76m steel bar located 460mm with 150mm overlap

2. Multiple Wythe: cross interlock (9.20.9.3) or bonding tie

Normal wall Normal wall Normal wall Normal wall

460mm460mm460mm460mm

Cavity wallCavity wallCavity wallCavity wall

Within 300 mm Within 300 mm Within 300 mm Within 300 mm

around opening around opening around opening around opening

with 900 interval with 900 interval with 900 interval with 900 interval

9.20.7.29.20.7.29.20.7.29.20.7.2

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Less than 90mmLess than 90mmLess than 90mmLess than 90mm

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Note:

• min. wall thickness: 140mm

• Bar placed in the middle third of

the wall section

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1. Foundation wall shall use mortar of:

a) Type S

b) Type N

c) Type S or N

d) Not permitted

2. What’s the mortar joints thickness requirements?

3. Clear span is 2.0m with 7000 N/m floor load. 203mm

brick wall. What is the interior angle size and exterior size?

4. If the clear span is 5m, please design the lintel to support

the 90mm masonry veneer.

5. A interior load bearing wall has been lateral supported by

610mm O.C. joist. what’s the min. thick of the wall shall be?

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6. Which one is incorrect veneer tie spacing?

a) 400x800

b) 500x600

c) 500x500

d) 600x400

7. If a masonry wall has a opening, rod tie shall be placed

around the opening with in how many mm?

a) 300mm

b) 450mm

c) 600mm

d) 900mm

8. 1.8m wide window in 140mm ICF load bearing wall of a

bungalow building. Please design the lintel.

1. Stud sizing

1. Studs must be continues

2. One storey studs: table 9.23.10.1:

3. Multiple storey studs -table A-30 to A-33

2. Wall plate

1. Top

2. Bottom

3. Anchorage: dia. 12.7mm, 2.4m O.C, 100mm deep

3. Bracing and lateral support (9.23.10.2)

4. Wood frame, dia. 12.7mm, 2.4m O.C, 100mm deep

5. Notching and drilling

1. Studs 2/3, 40mm

2. Top plate 50mm

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1. Beside opening (9.23.10.6)

2. Over opining

1. Non loadbearing (38mm on around, double frame on

fire rated door)

2. Loadbearing (table A-12 to A-16)

1. Wall stud exceed 33x64

2. Wall stud is 38x64

3. Wall sheathing

1. When ?

2. Table 9.23.16.2.A or 9.23.16.2.B

3. 2mm gap is required between panels

4. Fastening requirement (table 9.23.3.5)

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1. No loadbearing

2. Interior (table 9.24.2.1)

3. Exterior (table 9.24.2.5)

4. Runners (fasten 50mm, 610mm, or 305mm)

5. Fire rated wall, 12mm expansion space

6. Openings

1. Double,

2. Triple if 2.4m wide in exterior

3. Fire damper opening (double, 300 long, 900 angle bend)

1. Determine the minimum stud size and spacing for studs

located in an exterior wall supporting a roof and one floor.

Assuming there is a high ceiling and that the unsupported

height of the studs is 3.4m.

1. Minimum stud size:

2. Maximum spacing:

2. Interior wood stud wall supporting and attic (not accessible

by a stairway) and tow floors.

1. Minimum stud size:

2. Maximum spacing:

3. When the plywood has been used to do the bracing job for

exterior wall. What is the min, thinness of the plywood shall

be?

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4. What are the minimum permissible sizes and the

maximum spacing of studs for an interior wall on third

floor?

5. A 38x140 loadbearing wall stud will be drilled to install a

drainage pipe. What is the maxim diameter of the hole can

be?

6. A house is located in downtown Toronto. A window width is

2.0m located on third floor of exterior wall. The wall

support roof and ceiling only with tributary with width of

4.5m. Please select Douglass Fir-larchNo.1 Grade lintel

size to protect the window. Can I use 2-38x140? What if

the house will be built in North York? What if the exterior

wall stud is 38x64?