Balance de Nutrientes

BALANCE NUTRICIONAL EN VACAS LECHERAS AL PASTOREODr. Luis Vallejos F.

Nivel ptimo de nutrientes (protenas, grasa, carbohidratos, minerales y vitaminas) que el organismo recibe de acuerdo a lo que requiere.BALANCE NUTRICIONAL

Balance nutricionalREQUERIMIENTO DE NUTRIENTES DEL ANIMALAPORTE DE NUTRIENTES DE LA PASTURA15 % de Protena cruda2400 Kcal EM/Kg MS13 % de Protena cruda2200 Kcal EM/Kg MS

BALANCE NUTRICIONALNEGATIVO

CONDICIN CORPORAL

Balance de nutrientesREQUERIMIENTO DE NUTRIENTES DEL ANIMALAPORTE DE NUTRIENTES DE LA PASTURA15 % de Protena cruda2400 Kcal EM/Kg MS17 % de Protena cruda2600 Kcal EM/Kg MS

BALANCE NUTRICIONALPOSITIVO

Balance de nutrientesREQUERIMIENTO DE NUTRIENTES DEL ANIMALAPORTE DE NUTRIENTES DE LA DIETA15 % de Protena cruda2400 Kcal EM/Kg MS15 % de Protena cruda2400 Kcal EM/Kg MS

BALANCE CEROBALANCE NUTRICIONAL

BALANCE NUTRICIONALRequerimientos del animalPesoProduccinCosto de cosechaGestacinAporte de nutrientes de la pasturaValor nutritivoComposicin florsticaConsumo

Tiempo que transcurre entre dos utilizaciones sucesivas de pastura en un mismo potrero o sector de pradera.

FRECUENCIA DE PASTOREO 44 das de frecuencia de pastoreo04 das de uso

Frecuencia de pastoreo versus morfologa de la plantaFrecuencia de pastoreo (das)La frecuencia de pastoreo determina la cantidad de pasto acumulado y la composicin morfolgica del mismo (proporcin de hojas, tallos, espigas y material muerto).

1 Kg FV/m218% M.S.

PASTURA DE 45 DAS2 Kg FV/m221% M.S.

PASTURA 70 DAS3,6 Kg FV/m225% M.S.

PASTURA 80 DAS27% M.S.

LAS VACAS RECHAZAN PASTURAS MADURAS

Frecuencia de pastoreo versus tiempo de pastoreo La cantidad de pasto y su composicin, afectan directamente el tiempo de pastoreo de los animales.

Grfico13

538.5

508

480.7

Frecuencia de pastoreo (das)

Tiempo de pastoreo (minutos/da)

Hoja1

303054353353830543538533305433053830533

505051350350850513508503505135050850503

7070484476480-0.99953863970484480476704847048070476

-0.9999521245

30538.50.99990425120.9990774908

50508

70480.7

300.32

300.31300.29

300.31300.31

300.24300.32

300.26500.46

300.33500.47

300.29500.47

300.27700.52

300.28700.5

300.31700.51

300.3

300.280.290.320.310.29

500.460.32

500.520.450.46

500.470.460.47

500.410.510.52

500.450.50.5

500.44

500.49

500.45

500.51

500.41

500.44

500.470.460.470.47

700.57

700.56

700.51

700.55

700.5

700.5

700.63

700.48

700.49

700.49

700.48

700.430.520.50.51

300.29

300.34

300.33

300.31

300.33

300.31

300.31

300.32

300.3

300.32

300.33

300.320.32

500.43

500.42

500.47

500.42

500.43

500.49

500.5

500.49

500.48

500.48

500.5

500.520.47

700.41

700.45

700.47

700.43

700.49

700.49

700.51302367

700.555065

700.537045

700.54

700.583056

700.530.505089

705

300.290.32300.290.32

500.450.46500.460.47

700.510.5700.520.5

300.310.538

500.460.508

700.510.481

Hoja1

DAS DE CRECIMIENTO

TIEMPO (minutos)

TIEMPO DE PASTOREO

Hoja2


Tiempo de pastoreo (minutos/da)

Hoja3

DAS DE CRECIMIENTO

PESO (g)

FIGURA 3. PESO PROMEDIO DE BOCADO

P0

P80

DAS DE CRECIMIENTO

PESO (g)

FIGURA 3. PESO DE BOCADO SEGN ESTADO DE CRECIMIENTO SIN FSFORO Y CON FSFORO

y = 0.2035Ln(x) + 0.2951R2 = 0.9887

y = 0.1679Ln(x) + 0.3264R2 = 0.9745

Frecuencia de pastoreo(das)

Peso bocado(gMS)

PB = -0.0001x2 + 0.0197x - 0.1521R2 = 0.9895

30543533

50513503

70484476

584144564346

305856

504143

704446

3057

5042

7045

305856

504143

704446

30583058

30563057

50413056

50435041

70445042

70465043

7044

7045

7046

P0

DAS DE CRECIMIENTO

TIEMPO (minutos)

FIGURA 1. TIEMPO DE PASTOREO SEGN ESTADO DE CRECIMIENTO SIN FSFORO Y CON FSFORO

P0 = -29.5x + 572.33R2 = 0.9999

P0

P80

DAS DE CRECIMIENTO

BOCADOS POR MINUTO

FIGURA 2. NMERO DE BOCADOS SEGN ESTADO DE CRECIMIENTO SIN FSFORO Y CON FSFORO

P0 = 10x2 - 47x + 95R2 = 1

P80 = 8x2 - 37x + 85R2 = 1

DAS DE CRECIMIENTO

BOCADOS POR MINUTO

FIGURA 2. NMERO DE BOCADOSPROMEDIO SEGN ESTADO DE CRECIMIENTO SIN FSFORO Y CON FSFORO

Frecuencia de pastoreo)

Bocados/minuto

NB = 0.0225x2 - 2.55x + 113.25R2 = 0.9844

FRECUENCIA DE PASTOREO VERSUS VALOR NUTRITIVO DE LA DIETA

Parmetros Dieta (poca de lluvia)30 d50 d70dMateria seca (%)16.35c21.68b27.17aProtena cruda (%)13.27a12.22b10.49cFDN (%)46.96b57.62a53.35aCalcio(%)0.89b1.25a1.42aFsforo(%)0.29a0.28a0.20aDIVMO(%)84.16a79.83b81.06bE.Metabolizable (MJ/Kg MS)13.47a12.77b12.97b

FRECUENCIA DE PASTOREO COMPOSICIN FLORSTICA

P>0.05 Yu Ying y Hou Fu, 2005; Espinoza, 2001; Bojrquez, 1998 FRECUENCIA DE PASTOREO TASA DE CRECIMIENTO Y PRODUCCIN DE FORRAJE

Grfico1

70.312649

67.112083

65.611941

12649

12083

11941

70.3

67.1

65.6

Tasa de crecimiento

Produccin de forraje


Tasa de crecimiento (Kg MS/ha/da)

Produccin de forraje (Kg MS/ha)

Hoja1

3070.512690

60.7b63.2b61.1b80.3a68.1b70.2b5065.711817

7065.711811

3070.312649

5067.112083

7065.611941

61.1

70.26664.769001490366.355.6

65.65120125

30

50

70

70.565.765.7

126901181711948

3060.780.31092414455

5063.268.11137612261

7061.170.21112512768

19.9 18 12.1 15.1S/F12.115.1

C/F19.918

S/F19.912.1

C/F1815.1

3070.512690

5065.7118173070.312649

7065.7119475067.112083

7065.611941

65.6

Hoja1

70.3

67.1

65.6



Hoja2

70.512690

65.711817

65.711811

&A

Page &P

Tasa de crecimiento


Tasa de crecimiento



Tasa de crecimiento (Kg MS/ha/da/poca de lluvia)

Produccin de forraje (Kg MS/ha/poca de lluvia)

Hoja3

&A

Page &P

70.3

67.1

65.6

12649

12083

11941




&A

Page &P

60.780.31092414455

63.268.11137612261

61.170.21112512768

&A

Page &P

&A

Page &P

12649

12083

11941

70.3

67.1

65.6

Tasa de crecimiento




Produccin de forraje (Kg MS/ha)

0 Kg P61.7111443061.711144

80 Kg P72.87131615072.8713161

61.772.87

1114413161

61.7

72.87

DLS=9.24

Niveles de fsforo


61.711144

72.8713161

&A

Page &P

0 Kg P

80 Kg P


Tasa de crecimiento

Niveles de fsforo



68.166.90.9823788546-1.7621145374

12.115.1

19.9180.9045226131-9.5477386935

RG76.0a68.0ab60.2b77.7a66.4ab56.5b

T6.2 b12.9a17.18.0b16.0a21.4a

K17.8a19.1a22.7a14.3a17.6a22.1a

FERTILIZACIN

%

766860.268.177.766.456.566.968.166.9-1.81.8

6.212.917.112.181621.415.112.115.119.919.97.1b14.5a19.3a

17.819.122.719.914.317.622.118.019.918-9.59.5

3068.166.9

5012.115.1

7019.918

30 das30 das P

307677.76866.460.256.5

506.2812.91617.121.4

7017.814.319.117.622.722.1

7677.776.96866.467.260.256.558.4

6.287.112.91614.517.121.419.3

17.814.316.119.117.618.422.722.122.4

PROMEDIO COM.FLOR.3076.967.258.4

507.114.519.3

7016.118.422.4

68.166.9

12.115.1

19.918

Ryegrass

Trbol blanco

"Kikuyo y otros"

0 Kg P

80 Kg P


Porcentaje (%)

766.217.8

77.7814.3

6812.919.1

66.41617.6

60.217.122.7

56.521.422.1

30 d (P80)

50 d (P0)

70 d (P0)

70 d (P80)

50 d (P80)

30 d (P0)

30

50

70

76.97.116.1

67.214.518.4

58.419.322.4

30

50

70

76.9

67.2

58.4

7.1

14.5

19.3

17.5

19.8

24.8

Ryegrass

Trbol blanco

"Kikuyo y otros"


Porcentaje (%)

68.166.9

12.115.1

19.918

Ryegrass

Trbol

"Kikuyo y otros"

0 Kg P

0 Kg P

0 Kg P

80 Kg P

80 Kg P

80 Kg P

12.1%

68.1%

66.9%

15.1%

19.9%

18%

0 Kg P

80 Kg P

Composicin florstica

Porcentaje (%)

La adecuada frecuencia de pastoreo (35 a 40 das): - Permite el descanso suficiente de la pradera para la acumulacin de reservas necesarias para un rpido rebrote - Mayor disponibilidad y cosecha de hojas verdes por el animal al momento del pastoreo. - Estimula el crecimiento de hojas en el ryegrass, y en el trbol la ramificacin, manteniendo de esta manera las proporciones ryegrass-trbol (composicin florstica) sin alterarlas.

FRECUENCIA DE PASTOREO

Oferta diaria de pradera (kg pasto/vaca/da) Disponibilidad de ingreso o prepastoreo (Kg MS/ha) Disponibilidad de salida o residuo postpastoreo (kg MS/ha)FRECUENCIA DE PASTOREO Cuntos Kg de pasto debo ofecer a mis vacas?

Produccin de leche, consumo y peso vivo durante la lactancia45%32%23%Consumo65 Kg pastoVaca enseca Fuente: Adaptado de Hazard (1990)Consumo60 Kg pastoConsumo55 Kg pastoConsumo45-50 Kg pasto

PRDIDAS POR HECES Y ORINA, 20%?

PASTURAS 80 DAS

-Aumenta las prdidas por pisoteo y la cantidad rechazada por el animal-Disminuye el consumo-Disminuye el valor nutritivo-Disminuye el nmero de macollos-Aumenta la cantidad de residuos

LAS VACAS RECHAZAN PASTURAS 80 DAS

PASTURA 85 DAS

65 - 70% de intensidadde uso25-30 cm5 - 6 cmINTENSIDAD DE USO DE PASTOS CULTIVADOSAltura mnima post-pastoreo(5-6 cm o altura del puo)Se evita el sobrepastoreo y permite que el pasto crezca rpidamente

Altura mxima para pastoreo(25-30 cm)Mantiene la calidad del pasto (>mayor, >energa) y se reduce la cantidad de materia muerta

Cantidad y calidad de pasto ofrecidoCuntos Kg de residuo deben quedar?

INTENSIDAD DE PASTOREO

Altura (cm)Residuo(Kg MS/ha)5-61200-14003-4800-1000

VALOR NUTRITIVO DE LA DIETA

Grfico2

13.27

12.22

10.49

DLS= 0.35

P0


Protena (%)

Hoja1

Protena cruda**13.2712.22b10.49c14.29a12.48b11.16c

3013.27

3014.29

5012.22

5012.48

7010.49

7011.16

Fibra Det. Neutro46.96b57.62a53.35a45.12b54.23a52.13a

3046.96

3045.12

5057.62

5054.23

7053.35

7052.13

Calcio0.89b1.25a1.42a0.92b1.58a1.33a

300.89

300.92

501.25

501.58

701.42

701.33

Fsforo0.29b0.28b0.20b0.390.35a0.31a

300.29

300.39

500.28

500.35

700.2

700.31

300.290.39

500.280.35

700.20.31

300.890.92

501.251.58

701.421.33

Fsforo0.29b0.28b0.20b0.390.35a0.31a

Hoja1

13.27

14.29

12.22

12.48

10.49

11.16

DAS DE CRECIMIENTO

PORCENTAJE (%)

FIGURA 1. PROTENA CRUDA SEGN ESTADO DE CRECIMIENTO, SIN FSFORO Y CON FSFORO

PC = -0.0739x + 16.012R2 = 0.92

Hoja2

46.96

45.12

57.62

54.23

53.35

52.13

DAS DE CRECIMIENTO

PORCENTAJE (%)

FIGURA 2. FIBRA DETERGENTE NEUTRO SEGN ESTADO DE CRECIMIENTO, SIN FSFORO Y CON FSFORO

FDN = -0.0163x2 + 1.8013x + 6.7062R2 = 0.9256

Hoja3

0.89

0.92

1.25

1.58

1.42

1.33

DAS DE CRECIMIENTO

PORCENTAJE (%)

FIGURA 3. CALCIO SEGN ESTADO DE CRECIMIENTO, SIN FSFORO Y CON FSFORO

Ca = -0.0007x2 + 0.0805x - 0.8913R2 = 0.8451

0.29

0.39

0.28

0.35

0.2

0.31

DAS DE CRECIMIENTO

PORCENTAJE (%)

FIGURA 4. FSFORO EN LA DIETA SEGN ESTADO DE CRECIMIENTO, EN PARCELAS SIN FERTILIZAR Y FERTILIZADAS

P = -0.0021x + 0.4096R2 = 0.3419

0.290.39

0.280.35

0.20.31

P0

P80

Estado de crecimiento (das)

Porcentaje (%)

d

3013.2714.29

5012.2212.48

7010.4911.16

FSFORO

3046.9645.12

5057.6254.23

7053.3552.13

CALCIO

300.890.92

501.251.58

701.421.33

Figura 1. Variaciones en el valor nutritivo de la proteina cruda (a), FDN (b), calcio (c) y fosforo (d) segn fertilizacin fosforada y frecuencia de pastoreo

DLS= 0.35

P0


Protena (%)

0 80 Kg P

DLS= 3.07

P0

P80


FDN (%)

b

DLS= 0.27

P0

P80


Calcio (%)

c

0.290.39

0.280.35

0.20.31

DLS= 0.11

P0

P80


Fsforo (%)

d

Dig. in Vitro84.16a79.83b81.06b85.67a81.02b81.07b

V. Energtico (MJ/Kg MS)

(Mcal/Kg MS)13.4712.7712.9713.712.9612.97

3.223.053.13.273.093.1

DIGESTIBILIDAD

3084.1685.67

5079.8381.02

7081.0681.07

VALOR ENERGTICO

303.223.27

503.053.09

703.13.1

VALOR ENERGTICO

3013.4713.7

5012.7712.96

7012.9712.97

Composicin de la dieta

DosisM.Seca (%)Protena (%)FDN (%)Calcio (%)Fsforo (%)Dig. In Vitro(%)V. Energtico

MJ/KgMSMcal/KgMS

3016.46c13.78a46.04a0.91b0.34a84.92a13.59a3.25

5021.49b12.35b55.90a1.42a0.32a80.43a12.87a3.07

7026.90a10.83c52.74a1.38a0.26a81.07a12.97a3.1

84.1685.67

79.8381.02

81.0681.07

0 Kg P

80 Kg P


Porcentaje (%)

Figura 5. Digestibilidad in vitro de la dieta segn fertilizacin y estado de crecimiento

3.223.27

3.053.09

3.13.1

0 Kg P

80 Kg P


Mcal/Kg MS

Figura 6. Valor de Energa Metabolizable de la dieta segn fertilizacin y estado de crecimiento


Grfico4

0.29

0.28

0.2

DLS= 0.11

P0


Fsforo (%)

Hoja1


3013.27

3014.29

5012.22

5012.48

7010.49

7011.16


3046.96

3045.12

5057.62

5054.23

7053.35

7052.13

Calcio0.89b1.25a1.42a0.92b1.58a1.33a

300.89

300.92

501.25

501.58

701.42

701.33

Fsforo0.29b0.28b0.20b0.390.35a0.31a

300.29

300.39

500.28

500.35

700.2

700.31

300.290.39

500.280.35

700.20.31

300.890.92

501.251.58

701.421.33

Fsforo0.29b0.28b0.20b0.390.35a0.31a

Hoja1

13.27

14.29

12.22

12.48

10.49

11.16

DAS DE CRECIMIENTO

PORCENTAJE (%)


PC = -0.0739x + 16.012R2 = 0.92

Hoja2

46.96

45.12

57.62

54.23

53.35

52.13

DAS DE CRECIMIENTO

PORCENTAJE (%)


FDN = -0.0163x2 + 1.8013x + 6.7062R2 = 0.9256

Hoja3

0.89

0.92

1.25

1.58

1.42

1.33

DAS DE CRECIMIENTO

PORCENTAJE (%)


Ca = -0.0007x2 + 0.0805x - 0.8913R2 = 0.8451

0.29

0.39

0.28

0.35

0.2

0.31

DAS DE CRECIMIENTO

PORCENTAJE (%)


P = -0.0021x + 0.4096R2 = 0.3419

0.290.39

0.280.35

0.20.31

P0

P80


Porcentaje (%)

d

3013.2714.29

5012.2212.48

7010.4911.16

FSFORO

3046.9645.12

5057.6254.23

7053.3552.13

CALCIO

300.890.92

501.251.58

701.421.33


DLS= 0.35

P0


Protena (%)

0 80 Kg P

DLS= 3.07

P0

P80


FDN (%)

b

DLS= 0.27

P0

P80


Calcio (%)

c

0.29

0.28

0.2

DLS= 0.11

P0


Fsforo (%)



(Mcal/Kg MS)13.4712.7712.9713.712.9612.97

3.223.053.13.273.093.1

DIGESTIBILIDAD

3084.1685.67

5079.8381.02

7081.0681.07

VALOR ENERGTICO

303.223.27

503.053.09

703.13.1

VALOR ENERGTICO

3013.4713.7

5012.7712.96

7012.9712.97



MJ/KgMSMcal/KgMS

3016.46c13.78a46.04a0.91b0.34a84.92a13.59a3.25

5021.49b12.35b55.90a1.42a0.32a80.43a12.87a3.07

7026.90a10.83c52.74a1.38a0.26a81.07a12.97a3.1

84.1685.67

79.8381.02

81.0681.07

0 Kg P

80 Kg P


Porcentaje (%)


3.223.27

3.053.09

3.13.1

0 Kg P

80 Kg P


Mcal/Kg MS



Grfico1

0.89

1.25

1.42

DLS= 0.27

P0


Calcio (%)

Hoja1


3013.27

3014.29

5012.22

5012.48

7010.49

7011.16


3046.96

3045.12

5057.62

5054.23

7053.35

7052.13

Calcio0.89b1.25a1.42a0.92b1.58a1.33a

300.89

300.92

501.25

501.58

701.42

701.33

Fsforo0.29b0.28b0.20b0.390.35a0.31a

300.29

300.39

500.28

500.35

700.2

700.31

300.290.39

500.280.35

700.20.31

300.890.92

501.251.58

701.421.33

Fsforo0.29b0.28b0.20b0.390.35a0.31a

Hoja1

13.27

14.29

12.22

12.48

10.49

11.16

DAS DE CRECIMIENTO

PORCENTAJE (%)


PC = -0.0739x + 16.012R2 = 0.92

Hoja2

46.96

45.12

57.62

54.23

53.35

52.13

DAS DE CRECIMIENTO

PORCENTAJE (%)


FDN = -0.0163x2 + 1.8013x + 6.7062R2 = 0.9256

Hoja3

0.89

0.92

1.25

1.58

1.42

1.33

DAS DE CRECIMIENTO

PORCENTAJE (%)


Ca = -0.0007x2 + 0.0805x - 0.8913R2 = 0.8451

0.29

0.39

0.28

0.35

0.2

0.31

DAS DE CRECIMIENTO

PORCENTAJE (%)


P = -0.0021x + 0.4096R2 = 0.3419

0.290.39

0.280.35

0.20.31

P0

P80


Porcentaje (%)

d

3013.2714.29

5012.2212.48

7010.4911.16

FSFORO

3046.9645.12

5057.6254.23

7053.3552.13

CALCIO

300.890.92

501.251.58

701.421.33


DLS= 0.35

P0

P80


Protena (%)

a

0 80 Kg P

DLS= 3.07

P0

P80


FDN (%)

b

DLS= 0.27

P0


Calcio (%)

0.290.39

0.280.35

0.20.31

DLS= 0.11

P0

P80


Fsforo (%)

d



(Mcal/Kg MS)13.4712.7712.9713.712.9612.97

3.223.053.13.273.093.1

DIGESTIBILIDAD

3084.1685.67

5079.8381.02

7081.0681.07

VALOR ENERGTICO

303.223.27

503.053.09

703.13.1

VALOR ENERGTICO

3013.4713.7

5012.7712.96

7012.9712.97



MJ/KgMSMcal/KgMS

3016.46c13.78a46.04a0.91b0.34a84.92a13.59a3.25

5021.49b12.35b55.90a1.42a0.32a80.43a12.87a3.07

7026.90a10.83c52.74a1.38a0.26a81.07a12.97a3.1

84.1685.67

79.8381.02

81.0681.07

0 Kg P

80 Kg P


Porcentaje (%)


3.223.27

3.053.09

3.13.1

0 Kg P

80 Kg P


Mcal/Kg MS


FRECUENCIA DE PASTOREO VS. REQUERIMIENTOS NUTRICIONALESVaca 500 Kg PV, 10 Kg leche da, ganancia diaria 0.450 Kg y 6 meses de gestacin

Grfico2

68.8139.8121.4

68.8139.8122.2

68.8139.8129

Req. Mantenimiento

Req. Mantenimiento+produccin+gestacin

Aporte de la dieta


Energa Metabolizable (MJ/da)

Hoja1

CALCIO

SIN FERTILIZARDIETA

30292655CONSUMO

502926559.018.980.29.59.287.4

702926559.5712.5119.69.915.8156.4

10.814.2153.410.913.3145

CALCIO

FERTILIZADAS

3029265530295580.287.4

50292655502955119.6156.4

70292655702955153.4145

FSFORO

30232926.137.1

FSFORO50232926.834.7

SIN FERTILIZAR70232921.633.8

3023629

5023629

7023629

FERTILIZADAS

3023629

5023629

7023629

Hoja2

0 Kg P80 Kg P

CONSUMOAPORTE EMCONSUMOAPORTE EM

309.0113.47121.4121.4309.513.7130.2130.2

509.5712.77122.2122.2509.912.96128.3128.3

7010.812.97140.1140.17010.912.97141.1141.1

CONSUMOAPORTE PCCONSUMOAPORTE PC

309.01132.71195.61195.6309.5142.91357.61357.6

509.57122.21169.51169.5509.9124.81235.51235.5

7010.8104.91132.91132.97010.9111.61214.21214.2

CONSUMOAPORTE CaCONSUMOAPORTE Ca

309.018.980.280.2309.59.287.487.4

509.5712.5119.6119.6509.915.8156.4156.4

7010.814.2153.4153.47010.913.3144.7144.7

CONSUMOAPORTE PCONSUMOAPORTE P

309.012.926.126.1309.53.937.137.1

509.572.826.826.8509.93.534.734.7

7010.8221.621.67010.93.133.733.7

REQUERIMIENTO EM(Kcal)EM (MJ)30%

EMm1268853.0969

EMpl115048.1

EMgp2.912GRFICA EM

EM gest2.510.5GRFICA EM

TOTAL139.63068.8139.8121.4130.23068.5139.5121.4130.2

5068.8139.8122.2128.35068.5139.5122.2128.3

7068.8139.8129141.17068.5139.5140.1141.1

REQUERIMIENTO PC (g)

PCm671.7GRFICA PC

PCpl7003027513301196135830273.51328.51357.6

PCtotal1371.75027513301170123650273.91328.91235.5

7027613311133121470274.91329.91214.2

REQUERIMIENTO CALCIOTotal

30.62454.6GRFICA Ca

3030.654.680.287.430

REQUERIMIENTO FSFOROTotal5030.654.6119.6156.450

15.21934.27030.654.6153.4144.770

GRFICA P

105.57104.943021.53726.137.1

12669125935021.53726.834.7

7021.53721.633.7

3P20

5.7Ca

253.8ORINA30

300PM50

11.9PS70

700LECHE

36CREC

70GANANCIA

1371.7

30

50

70

Hoja2

Req. Mantenimiento


Aporte de la dieta



Hoja3

Mantenimiento

Mantenimiento+producccin+gestacin

0 Kg P

80 Kg P


Protena cruda (g)

Mantenimiento

Mantenimeinto+produccin+gestacin

0 Kg P

80 Kg P


Calcio (g)

c

Mantenimiento

Mantenimiento+produccin+gestacin

0 Kg P

80 Kg P


Fsforo (g)

d

REQUERIMIENTO EM(Kcal)

0 Kg P80 Kg P

KcalMJKcalMJ

EMm12669531259352.7

C. Cosecha (30%)380115.8377815.8

EMpl1150048.11150048.1

EMgp370315.5382715.5

EM gest17827.425007.4

TOTAL33455139.834198139.5


0 Kg P80 Kg P

30 das50 das70 das30 das50 das70 das

PCm274.6275.1276.4273.5273.9274.9

PCpl700700700700700700

PCgp157.5157.5157.5157.5157.5157.5

PCgest197.5197.5197.5197.5197.5197.5

TOTAL1329.61330.11331.41328.51328.91329.9

0 Kg P80 Kg P

PMFPEUPSRPCmPMFPEUPSRPCm

309.010.2703253.411.88274.69.50.285251.911.81273.5

509.570.2871253.411.88275.19.90.297251.911.81273.9

7010.80.324253.411.88276.410.90.3264251.911.81274.9

0 Kg P80 Kg P

FRECUENCIARPCmRPCplRPCgpRPCgestTOTAL PC (g)RPCmRPCplRPCgpRPCgestTOTAL PC (g)

30274.6700157.5197.51329.6273.5700157.5197.51328.5

50275.1700157.5197.51330.1273.9700157.5197.51328.9

70276.4700157.5197.51331.4274.9700157.5197.51329.9

0 Kg P0 Kg P

EMPCCaP

APORTEREQUERIMDIFERAPORTEREQUERIMDIFERAPORTEREQUERIMDIFERAPORTEREQUERIMDIFER

121140-1811961330-1348055262637-11

122140-1811701330-16112055652737-10

140140011331331-19915355992237-15

80 Kg P80 Kg P

130140-9135813292987553337370

128140-1112361329-93156551023537-2

141140212141330-11614555903437-3


Grfico3

274.61329.61195.6

275.11330.11169.5

276.41331.41132.9

Req. Mantenimiento

Req. Mantenimiento+producccin+gestacin

Aporte de la dieta


Protena cruda (g)

Hoja1

CALCIO

SIN FERTILIZARDIETA

30292655CONSUMO

502926559.018.980.29.59.287.4

702926559.5712.5119.69.915.8156.4

10.814.2153.410.913.3145

CALCIO

FERTILIZADAS

3029265530295580.287.4

50292655502955119.6156.4

70292655702955153.4145

FSFORO

30232926.137.1

FSFORO50232926.834.7


3023629

5023629

7023629

FERTILIZADAS

3023629

5023629

7023629

Hoja2

0 Kg P80 Kg P


309.0113.47121.4121.4309.513.7130.2130.2

509.5712.77122.2122.2509.912.96128.3128.3

7010.812.97140.1140.17010.912.97141.1141.1


309.01132.71195.61195.6309.5142.91357.61357.6

509.57122.21169.51169.5509.9124.81235.51235.5

7010.8104.91132.91132.97010.9111.61214.21214.2


309.018.980.280.2309.59.287.487.4

509.5712.5119.6119.6509.915.8156.4156.4

7010.814.2153.4153.47010.913.3144.7144.7


309.012.926.126.1309.53.937.137.1

509.572.826.826.8509.93.534.734.7

7010.8221.621.67010.93.133.733.7


EMm1268853.0969

EMpl115048.1

EMgp2.912GRFICA EM


TOTAL139.63068.8139.8121.4130.23068.5139.5121.4130.2

5068.8139.8122.2128.35068.5139.5122.2128.3

7068.8139.8129141.17068.5139.5140.1141.1


PCm671.7GRFICA PC

PCpl7003027513301196135830273.51328.51357.6

PCtotal1371.75027513301170123650273.91328.91235.5

7027613311133121470274.91329.91214.2


30.62454.6GRFICA Ca

3030.654.680.287.430


15.21934.27030.654.6153.4144.770

GRFICA P

105.57104.943021.53726.137.1

12669125935021.53726.834.7

7021.53721.633.7

3P20

5.7Ca

253.8ORINA30

300PM50

11.9PS70

700LECHE

36CREC

70GANANCIA

1371.7

30

50

70

Hoja2

Req. Mantenimiento


Aporte de la dieta



Hoja3

Req. Mantenimiento


Aporte de la dieta


Protena cruda (g)

Mantenimiento


0 Kg P

80 Kg P


Calcio (g)

c

Mantenimiento

Mantenimiento+produccin+gestacin

0 Kg P

80 Kg P


Fsforo (g)

d


0 Kg P80 Kg P

KcalMJKcalMJ

EMm12669531259352.7

C. Cosecha (30%)380115.8377815.8

EMpl1150048.11150048.1

EMgp370315.5382715.5

EM gest17827.425007.4

TOTAL33455139.834198139.5


0 Kg P80 Kg P


PCm274.6275.1276.4273.5273.9274.9

PCpl700700700700700700

PCgp157.5157.5157.5157.5157.5157.5

PCgest197.5197.5197.5197.5197.5197.5

TOTAL1329.61330.11331.41328.51328.91329.9

0 Kg P80 Kg P


309.010.2703253.411.88274.69.50.285251.911.81273.5

509.570.2871253.411.88275.19.90.297251.911.81273.9

7010.80.324253.411.88276.410.90.3264251.911.81274.9

0 Kg P80 Kg P


30274.6700157.5197.51329.6273.5700157.5197.51328.5

50275.1700157.5197.51330.1273.9700157.5197.51328.9

70276.4700157.5197.51331.4274.9700157.5197.51329.9

0 Kg P0 Kg P

EMPCCaP


121140-1811961330-1348055262637-11

122140-1811701330-16112055652737-10

140140011331331-19915355992237-15

80 Kg P80 Kg P

130140-9135813292987553337370

128140-1112361329-93156551023537-2

141140212141330-11614555903437-3


Grfico6

30.654.680.2

30.654.6119.6

30.654.6153.4

Req. Mantenimiento

Aporte de la dieta



Calcio (g)

Hoja1

CALCIO

SIN FERTILIZARDIETA

30292655CONSUMO

502926559.018.980.29.59.287.4

702926559.5712.5119.69.915.8156.4

10.814.2153.410.913.3145

CALCIO

FERTILIZADAS

3029265530295580.287.4

50292655502955119.6156.4

70292655702955153.4145

FSFORO

30232926.137.1

FSFORO50232926.834.7


3023629

5023629

7023629

FERTILIZADAS

3023629

5023629

7023629

Hoja2

0 Kg P80 Kg P


309.0113.47121.4121.4309.513.7130.2130.2

509.5712.77122.2122.2509.912.96128.3128.3

7010.812.97140.1140.17010.912.97141.1141.1


309.01132.71195.61195.6309.5142.91357.61357.6

509.57122.21169.51169.5509.9124.81235.51235.5

7010.8104.91132.91132.97010.9111.61214.21214.2


309.018.980.280.2309.59.287.487.4

509.5712.5119.6119.6509.915.8156.4156.4

7010.814.2153.4153.47010.913.3144.7144.7


309.012.926.126.1309.53.937.137.1

509.572.826.826.8509.93.534.734.7

7010.8221.621.67010.93.133.733.7


EMm1268853.0969

EMpl115048.1

EMgp2.912GRFICA EM


TOTAL139.63068.8139.8121.4130.23068.5139.5121.4130.2

5068.8139.8122.2128.35068.5139.5122.2128.3

7068.8139.8129141.17068.5139.5140.1141.1


PCm671.7GRFICA PC

PCpl7003027513301196135830273.51328.51357.6

PCtotal1371.75027513301170123650273.91328.91235.5

7027613311150121470274.91329.91214.2


30.62454.6GRFICA Ca

3030.654.680.287.430


15.21934.27030.654.6153.4144.770

GRFICA P

105.57104.943021.53726.137.1

12669125935021.53726.834.7

7021.5372533.7

3P20

5.7Ca

253.8ORINA30

300PM50

11.9PS70

700LECHE

36CREC

70GANANCIA

1371.7

30

50

70

Hoja2

Req. Mantenimiento


Aporte de la dieta



Hoja3

Req. Mantenimiento


Aporte de la dieta


Protena cruda (g)

Req. Mantenimiento

Aporte de la dieta



Calcio (g)

Req. Mantenimiento


Aporte de la dieta


Fsforo (g)


0 Kg P80 Kg P

KcalMJKcalMJ

EMm12669531259352.7

C. Cosecha (30%)380115.8377815.8

EMpl1150048.11150048.1

EMgp370315.5382715.5

EM gest17827.425007.4

TOTAL33455139.834198139.5


0 Kg P80 Kg P


PCm274.6275.1276.4273.5273.9274.9

PCpl700700700700700700

PCgp157.5157.5157.5157.5157.5157.5

PCgest197.5197.5197.5197.5197.5197.5

TOTAL1329.61330.11331.41328.51328.91329.9

0 Kg P80 Kg P


309.010.2703253.411.88274.69.50.285251.911.81273.5

509.570.2871253.411.88275.19.90.297251.911.81273.9

7010.80.324253.411.88276.410.90.3264251.911.81274.9

0 Kg P80 Kg P


30274.6700157.5197.51329.6273.5700157.5197.51328.5

50275.1700157.5197.51330.1273.9700157.5197.51328.9

70276.4700157.5197.51331.4274.9700157.5197.51329.9

0 Kg P0 Kg P

EMPCCaP


121140-1811961330-1348055262637-11

122140-1811701330-16112055652737-10

140140011331331-19915355992237-15

80 Kg P80 Kg P

130140-9135813292987553337370

128140-1112361329-93156551023537-2

141140212141330-11614555903437-3


Grfico4

21.53726.1

21.53726.8

21.53725

Req. Mantenimiento


Aporte de la dieta


Fsforo (g)

Hoja1

CALCIO

SIN FERTILIZARDIETA

30292655CONSUMO

502926559.018.980.29.59.287.4

702926559.5712.5119.69.915.8156.4

10.814.2153.410.913.3145

CALCIO

FERTILIZADAS

3029265530295580.287.4

50292655502955119.6156.4

70292655702955153.4145

FSFORO

30232926.137.1

FSFORO50232926.834.7


3023629

5023629

7023629

FERTILIZADAS

3023629

5023629

7023629

Hoja2

0 Kg P80 Kg P


309.0113.47121.4121.4309.513.7130.2130.2

509.5712.77122.2122.2509.912.96128.3128.3

7010.812.97140.1140.17010.912.97141.1141.1


309.01132.71195.61195.6309.5142.91357.61357.6

509.57122.21169.51169.5509.9124.81235.51235.5

7010.8104.91132.91132.97010.9111.61214.21214.2


309.018.980.280.2309.59.287.487.4

509.5712.5119.6119.6509.915.8156.4156.4

7010.814.2153.4153.47010.913.3144.7144.7


309.012.926.126.1309.53.937.137.1

509.572.826.826.8509.93.534.734.7

7010.8221.621.67010.93.133.733.7


EMm1268853.0969

EMpl115048.1

EMgp2.912GRFICA EM


TOTAL139.63068.8139.8121.4130.23068.5139.5121.4130.2

5068.8139.8122.2128.35068.5139.5122.2128.3

7068.8139.8129141.17068.5139.5140.1141.1


PCm671.7GRFICA PC

PCpl7003027513301196135830273.51328.51357.6

PCtotal1371.75027513301170123650273.91328.91235.5

7027613311150121470274.91329.91214.2


30.62454.6GRFICA Ca

3030.654.680.287.430


15.21934.27030.654.6153.4144.770

GRFICA P

105.57104.943021.53726.137.1

12669125935021.53726.834.7

7021.5372533.7

3P20

5.7Ca

253.8ORINA30

300PM50

11.9PS70

700LECHE

36CREC

70GANANCIA

1371.7

30

50

70

Hoja2

Req. Mantenimiento


Aporte de la dieta



Hoja3

Req. Mantenimiento


Aporte de la dieta


Protena cruda (g)

Mantenimiento


0 Kg P

80 Kg P


Calcio (g)

c

Req. Mantenimiento


Aporte de la dieta


Fsforo (g)


0 Kg P80 Kg P

KcalMJKcalMJ

EMm12669531259352.7

C. Cosecha (30%)380115.8377815.8

EMpl1150048.11150048.1

EMgp370315.5382715.5

EM gest17827.425007.4

TOTAL33455139.834198139.5


0 Kg P80 Kg P


PCm274.6275.1276.4273.5273.9274.9

PCpl700700700700700700

PCgp157.5157.5157.5157.5157.5157.5

PCgest197.5197.5197.5197.5197.5197.5

TOTAL1329.61330.11331.41328.51328.91329.9

0 Kg P80 Kg P


309.010.2703253.411.88274.69.50.285251.911.81273.5

509.570.2871253.411.88275.19.90.297251.911.81273.9

7010.80.324253.411.88276.410.90.3264251.911.81274.9

0 Kg P80 Kg P


30274.6700157.5197.51329.6273.5700157.5197.51328.5

50275.1700157.5197.51330.1273.9700157.5197.51328.9

70276.4700157.5197.51331.4274.9700157.5197.51329.9

0 Kg P0 Kg P

EMPCCaP


121140-1811961330-1348055262637-11

122140-1811701330-16112055652737-10

140140011331331-19915355992237-15

80 Kg P80 Kg P

130140-9135813292987553337370

128140-1112361329-93156551023537-2

141140212141330-11614555903437-3

Las vacas que producen 10 Kg de leche, ganan 0.450 Kg de peso y 6 meses de gestacin difcilmente satisfacen sus requerimientos nutricionales. El valor nutritivo de la asociacin ryegrass-trbol blanco es relativamente bajo en Cajamarca.El mejor momento para utilizar pasturas ryegrass-trbol es a los 35 das, cuando alcanzan 25 a 30 cm de altura. Esto equivale aproximadamente a una disponibilidad de ingreso de 2.500 a 2.800 kg MS/ha.

CONCLUSIONES

****

Balance de Nutrientes

Documents

Transcript of Balance de Nutrientes