Artigo Técnico - ABB - Gunnar
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ABB GroupSlide 108MR0045
HVDC Converter Operations andPerformance, Classic and VSC
Dhaka, September 18, 2011
Gunnar Persson, Senior Project Manager, Power Systems HVDC, ABB AB Sweden
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ABB GroupSlide 208MR0045
Agenda
HVDC technologies
HVDC Classic
HVDC Light (VSC )
Future
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ABB GroupSlide 408MR0045
Market drivers for HVDC transmissionEnvironmentally friendly grid expansion
Integration of renewable energy
Remote hydro
Offshore wind
Solar power
Grid reinforcement
For increased trading
Share spinning reserves
To support intermittent renewable energy
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ABB GroupSlide 508MR0045
What is an HVDC transmission system ?
CustomersG
rid
HVDC converter station> 300 MW, Classic
HVDC converter station< 1200 MW, Light
Overhead linesTwo conductors
Submarine cables
Land or submarine,cables
HVDC converter station> 300 MW, Classic
HVDC converter station< 1200 MW, Light
Power / energy di rection
CustomersGrid
Cu
stomersGrid
CustomersGrid
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ABB GroupSlide 608MR0045
What is an HVDC Back-to-back system ?
Customers
Grid
Customers
Grid
HVDC Light Converter Station ina Back-to-back mode < 1200 MW
CustomersGrid
CustomersGrid
HVDC Back-to-back Converter Station> 300 MW, Classic
Garabi
Eagle Pass
Power / Energy direction
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Technical benefits of HVDC
Conventional HVAC
HVAC with RPC
HVDC
DC
Control of power flow
Increased system stability
No increase of short circuit currents
Asynchronous connections
Reactive power control
Robustness and resistance to disturbances
Low losses
Reduced construction time
Better use of r ight-of-way (see figures)
Low cost line construction
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InvestmentCosts
Distance
AC Terminal costs
Total AC cost
DC
terminal
Costs
Total DC Cost
Critical Distance
Investment cost versus distance for HVAC and HVDC
Variables -Cost of Land -
Cost of Materials- Cost of Labour- Time to Market- Permissions
- etc.
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ABB GroupSlide 908MR0045
HVDC TechnologiesHVDC Classic
600 m x 360 m
Current source converters
Line-commutated thyristor valves
Requires 50% reactive compensation (35% HF) HVDC converter transformers
Minimum short circuit capacity > 2 x converter rating
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ABB GroupSlide 1008MR0045
HVDC TechnologiesHVDC Light
150 m x 100 m
Voltage source converters
Self-commutated IGBT valves
Requires no reactive power compensation Standard transformers
No minimum short circuit capacity, black start
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ABB GroupSlide 1108MR0045
HVDC ClassicHVDC Light
With HVDC Classic,for power levels up to
more than 6.400 MWusing thyristor technology
With HVDC Light,for power levels up to1.200 MW usingIGBT technology
or
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ABB GroupSeptember 18, 2011 | Slide 12
Development of HVDC converter capacity
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Transmission capacity
HVDC Classic (MW)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Transmission capacity
HVDC VSC (MW)
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ABB GroupSlide 1308MR0045
Development of HVDC applications
580 km
HVDC Classic
Very long sub sea transmissions
Very long overhead linetransmissions
Very high power transmissions
HVDC Light
Offshore power supply Wind power integration
Underground transmission
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ABB GroupSlide 1408MR0045
HVDC Technologies
What makes HVDC special?
Lower investment and lower lossesfor bulk power transmission
Asynchronous interconnections
Improved transmission in parallel AC circuits
Instant and precise power flow control
3 times more power in a ROW than AC
What makes HVDC Light special?
Underground cables
Easy permits
Costs close to overhead lines
Connection to passive loads
Enhancement of connected AC networks
Independent control of active and reactivepower flow
Short delivery times
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ABB GroupSlide 1508MR0045
HVDC Technologies
550 MW120 x 50 x 11 m1.5 acre36 feet high
HVDC Classic 300 6,400 MW
Thyristor controlled
Switched reactive power control
Typical design: valve building plus switchyard
Overhead lines or mass impregnated cables
HVDC Light 50 1,200 MW
Transistor (IGBT) controlled
Continuous reactive power control
Easily expandable to more terminals
Dynamic voltage regulation
Black start capability
Typical design: all equipment (excludingtransformers) in compact building
Extruded cables
600 MW200 x 120 x 22 m6 acres73 feet high
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ABB GroupSeptember 18, 2011 | Slide 16
Comparison HVDC-Classic and HVDC-Light
AC DC
HVDC-Classic
AC DC
HVDC-Light
IndoorOutdoor
HVDC Light has fewer components and most equipment indoors
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ABB GroupSlide 1708MR0045
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ABB GroupSlide 1808MR0045
Point to Point Transmissions
Back to Back
Multi-terminal Systems
HVDC Configurations
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ABB GroupSlide 1908MR0045
Monopole, ground return
Monopole, metallic return
Monopole, midpointgrounded
6-pulse groups
6-pulse groups
12-pulse groups
12-pulse groups
Capacity up to appr. 1500 MW
Bipole
12-pulse groups
12-pulse groups
Capacity up to appr. 3000 MW
(6-7000 MW)
Back to -Back
Capacity up to appr. 1000 MW
Connection between Converter Stations can be Overhead Lines or Cables
HVDC Transmission Modes
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ABB GroupSeptember 18, 2011 | Slide 2010MP0701
HVDC Light Generation 4Operation configurations and modes
=~ =~
Symmetric monopole
=~
=~
Asymmetric monopole, metallic return
=~ =~
=~ =~
Bipole
Bipole, metallic return
=~
=~
=~
=~
=~
=~
Asymmetric monopole, ground return
=~
=~
Multiterminal Symmetric monopole
= ~
HVDC Control
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AC and DC transmission principles
PE
1E
2
Xsin
X
~ ~
E1
=
E2
0
R
~~ Ud2
Ud1
E1
PU
d1(U
d1-U
d2)
R=
E2
0
HVDC Control
l f i k
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Control of HVDC Links
The KEY to mitigation of disturbances in Transmission
systems
Different ways to control a two-terminal HVDC Link:
1. Constant power
2. Constant current
3. Constant frequency (either in the receiving orsending AC network)
A combination can also be used or change from one
mode to another
The DC Link can also be used to stabilize an ACnetwork
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ABB GroupSlide 2308MR0045
HVDC Light
M f t t h l i
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ABB GroupSlide 2408MR0045
Merge of two technologiesLCC + SVC = VSC
LCC
SVC
VSC
PQ di
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ABB GroupSlide 2508MR0045
Available operating area
-1,2 -1,0 -0,8 -0,6 -0,4 -0,2 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 Q (pu)
1,2
1,0
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
0
-0,2
-0,4
-0,6
-0,8
-1,0
-1,2
P
(pu)
Inverter
Q consumption (inductive)
Rectifier
Q generation (Capacit ive)
Conclusion: A VSC
can behave like a
motor or a generator
PQ-diagram
C t b id t h l T d ' d i
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ABB GroupSlide 2608MR0045
Converter bridge technology - Today's designGeneration 4 - Cascaded Two-Level Converters (CTLC)
Significantly reduced switchinglosses (~150 Hz)
Excellent output voltage quality
Scalable to high voltages
+ Ud
- Ud
1 Cell
CTLC2-level converter
+ Ud
- Ud
HVDC Light Generation 4
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ABB GroupSeptember 18, 2011 | Slide 2710MP0701
HVDC Light Generation 4No filters required.
Two-level converter voltage
CTL converter voltage
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HVDC Light Simplified Single Line Diagram
DC Capacitors(Voltage Sources)
Converter Valves
Phase Reactors
Cables
AC Transformers, breakers/disconnectors
Key building elements for HVDC Light
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ABB GroupSlide 2908MR0045
Converter Technology
Control & Protection Technology
Cable Technology
All in coordinated in-house ABB development
Key building elements for HVDC Light
HVDC Light
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ABB GroupSlide 3008MR0045
HVDC LightExtended range
Base symmetrical 617 1233 1850
Ud
c
A dc A dc A dc
+/- 80 kV 99 197 296
+/- 150 kV 185 370 555
+/- 320 kV 395 789 1184Cable or OH line
Bipolar 617 1233 1850
Udc1 Udc2 A dc A dc A dc
160 160 kV 197 395 592
320 320 kV 395 789 1184
500 500 kV 617 1233 1600
640 640 kV 789 1579 2368
Extruded Cable Mass Impregnated OH line
Power in MW (BtB)
Power in MW (BtB)
HVDC Light
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ABB GroupSlide 3108MR0045
HVDC LightTechnical development
Hllsjn3 MW
10 kV
Cross Sound
330 MW150 kVGotland
50 MW
80 kV
East-WestInterconnector
500 MW200 kV
BorWin1400 MW150 kV
Dolwin 1
800 MW320 kV
Skagerrak 4700 MW500 kV
Estlink350 MW150 kV
Caprivi300 MW+ 350 kV
1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009
500
1000
2000
1500
2500
200
100
400
300
500
600
MW kV
HVDC Light Generation 4
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ABB GroupSeptember 18, 2011 | Slide 3210MP0701
150 m
220 m
HVDC Light Generation 4Station layout 2 x 1000 MW 320 kV
Lower losses in HVDC Light stations
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ABB GroupSlide 3308MR0045
Lower losses in HVDC Light stations
Reduce losses
Maintain functionalityMaintain availability and reliability
Compactness
150 x 100 m320 kV, 1000 MW
0,0%
0,5%
1,0%
1,5%
2,0%
2,5%
3,0%
3,5%
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Gen. 1
Gen. 2
Gen. 3
Gen. 4
HVDC Classic
HVDC Light
HVDC Light land and sea cables
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ABB GroupSlide 3408MR0045
HVDC Light land and sea cables50 1,200 MW
Conductor of aluminim or copper
Triple extruded insulation system
conductor screen
HVDC polymer insulation
insulation screen
Copper wire screen and/or leadsheath
Steel wire armor or aluminim
laminate
Outer jacket of PE or polyethyleneyarn
HVDC Light applications
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ABB GroupSlide 3508MR0045
HVDC Light applications
HVDC Light
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ABB GroupSlide 3608MR0045
HVDC LightCity center infeed
System with converters and cables Easier permit procedure
Low project risk
Short installation and implementation time Low operation and maintenance cost
Grid improvement Voltage and reactive power control
Loss reduction in connected AC network Increased transfer capability in AC lines
Connection in weak network points
Passive load operation (Black Start)
Environmentally adapted
Short permitting time
Small footprint and low profile of converters
Oil free cable
Reduced magnetic fields
Invisible transmission
HVDC Light
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ABB GroupSlide 3708MR0045
HVDC LightPowering islands
System with converters and cables Easier permit procedure
Low project risk
Short installation and implementation time Low operation and maintenance cost
Grid improvement Voltage and reactive power control
Loss reduction in connected AC network Connection in weak network points
Passive load operation (Black Start)
Environmentally adapted
Short permitting time
Small footprint and low profile of converters
Oil free cable
Reduced magnetic fields
Invisible transmission
HVDC Light
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ABB GroupSlide 3808MR0045
gConnecting wind farms
System with converters and cables Easier permit procedure in coastal areas
Low project risk
Short installation and implementation time Low operation and maintenance cost
Grid improvement Voltage and reactive power control
Loss reduction in connected AC network
Increased transfer capability in AC lines
Connection in weak network points
Passive load operation (Black Start)
Environmentally adapted
Short permitting time
Small footprint and low profile of converters
Oil free cable
Reduced magnetic fields
Invisible transmission
HVDC Light
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ABB GroupSlide 3908MR0045
gOffshore platforms
System with converters and cables Easier permit procedure
Low project risk
Short installation and implementation time Low operation and maintenance cost
Grid improvement Voltage and reactive power control
Loss reduction in connected AC network Increased transfer capability in AC lines
Connection in weak network points
Passive load operation (Black Start)
Environmentally adapted
Short permitting time
Small footprint and low profile of converters
Oil free cable
Reduced magnetic fields
Invisible transmission
HVDC Light
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ABB GroupSlide 4008MR0045
gImproved grid reliability
System with converters and cables Embedded link incl. SVC functionality
Easier permit procedure - low project risk
Short installation and implementation time Low operation and maintenance cost
Grid improvement Voltage and reactive power control
Loss reduction in connected AC network Increased transfer capability in AC lines
Connection in weak network points
Passive load operation (Black Start)
Environmentally adapted
Short permitting time
Small footprint and low profile of converters
Oil free cable
Reduced magnetic fields
Invisible transmission
Agenda
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ABB GroupSlide 4108MR0045
g
HVDC technologies
HVDC Classic
HVDC Light
Future
Next development steps
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ABB GroupSlide 4208MR0045
HVDC Classic and HVDC Light
Higher reliability
Lower footprint
Environmentally adapted
HVDC Classic
> 1000 kV
HVDC Light
Higher ratings
Lower losses
More compact, particularly offshore
Multi terminal configurations
Control features
DC Grids
Regional DC grids- multi-terminal
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ABB GroupSlide 4308MR0045
A DC regional grid is a system thatconstitutes of one protection zone for DCshort circuits
Characteristics
Fast restart of faultless part of system
DC breakers are not needed
Normally radial or star networkconfiguration
Limited power rating compared to
connecting AC-grid
Can be built today with existing, proven technology
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Future overlay DC grid of EuropeHVDC Li h i i d
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ABB GroupSlide 4508MR0045
HVDC Light is required
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Thank youfor your attention!
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