Arte de Hacer El Vino (1803)

7/29/2019 Arte de Hacer El Vino (1803)

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L F n p # < ` -C O %

D G H L @ G V G C U K N A

R A V G C @ K W D . @ L D G T * D G * U L W X .

T V L D W @ K D A

RAV DAN JLNWGC RG*

dra Pln`hgz Plcvldar y

Fgrrka.

D g d k ` l d a l c K c C j a V g y n a

d g N l v l r r l .

Gn Rljpcanl?

r± Uk<

G n c l K j p r g n t l d g c l U k u d l d g C a n m ì s

ë h k o a . L ü a d g < 8 2 0 .



Ca1 Clfrldargs mazln yl dg cas&fgngek`kas dg vugstra mavkgrna# y nldl#cgs rgstl # skna rg`amgr gc eruta dgvugstrls cu`gs.

p g d k l l c @ . @ h l p t l c .



K K K

L C KCCΩ VGTNA DG

Nlvlrrl.

ccCj> Pgüln

OtC c lrtg dg hl`gr gc vkna sg

mÿn gc jëtada dgc slfka @U

@hletlc# ardgnlda par @l*



K U

dgt*dg*Ulux # y dkstrkfukda

par gc mavkgrna gn tadl cl

Vgpÿfck`l Erln`gsl # y lun

gn cl @kslcpknl # jg hl pl

rg`kda tln ÿ t k c # qug. na hgpadkda rgskstkr lc dgsga dg

àjunk`lr sus cu`gs ì jks

@ajpltrkatls. Hg praùrlda^

qug cl trldu``kðn na dgsek

murg lc arkmknlc# y qug su

`clrkdld cl panml lc lc`ln

`g dg tadas cas àsg`hgras.

@aj a gn gstg àrta trl

floa na pugdg tgngr plrtg gc

armucca dg hl`grjg Lutar r

nk `lfg atrl jkrl # qug cl

pÿfck`l utkckdld # jg hg vks

ta nlturlcjgntg afckmlda ì dg*



U

dk`lrca ì U. P . K . # ùya zg*

ca par cl egck`kdld dgc Vgy*

na cg dlrì tadl cl gstkjl*

`kan # qug jgrg`g cl pgreg`

`kðn dg un rlja tln kntgrgslntg gn gstg plês # y ùyl

lutarkdld padrì el`kcktlr su

dkstrkfu`kðn y eajgnta # unkgn

da ì cl slfkdurêl dg sus cg

ygs y mavkgrna # cl vkmkcln

`kl lun safrg cas rljas # qug

plrgz`ln jgnas kjpartlntgs

gn cl lmrkùcturl# y dgstgr

rlnda cls lügols prgaùpl`ka

ngs dg cas qug sltkseg`has àn

cl rutknl dg su `kgml prì`

tk`l dgsprg`kln tada ldgcln

tljkgnta 0 àja navgdld pg/



U K

• ckmrasl y pa`a ng`gslrkl/

Gspgra # qug U. P . K . ld

jktl jks fugnas dgsgas gn

unl afrl # qug dgfg sgrvkr

plrl jlnkegstlr jk lnhgcadg sgr ÿtkc ì cl Rltrkl # y

dg jastrlrjg dkmna dgc han

rasa têtuca dgc jls legdkay

afsgqukasa hkoa dg U# P # C

Jlnugc Rgdra Pìn`hgz

Plcvldar/



U K K

@ L V T L

DGC JKNKPTVA DGC KNTG*

üar lc Rrgeg`ta dg...

SOes dkrkoa # @. Rrgeg@ta # unl nug

vl knstru``kðn l`gr`l dgc lrtg dghl`gr gc vkna # dgstknldl plrtk`u

clrjgntg ì cas vküldargs # qug gs

cl `clsg qug kntgrgsl knstrukr# y

`anvgn`gr dg gstl vgrdld ::: qug sk

cl jgoar gcg``kðn dg slrjkgnta 7 gc

sugca# y cls gstl`kangs knecuygn gn

cl `lckdld dg cas vknas# knecuyg lun

jls gspg`klcjgn tg gc lrtg dg hl`gr

cas fkgn # y safrg tada gn cas jl*



U K K K

cas lüas.

Ta jg aùplfl gn jk trltlda

dg Gna camêl ð lrtg dg hl`gr gc-vk

na + plrl nugstras dgplrtljgntas

jgrkdkanlcgs # gn qug cl nlturlcgzlelvarg`g jls cl `lckdld dg cas vk

nas # y hl`g j gnas sgnskfcg cl kn

ecugn`kl dgc lrtg # qulnda hg vksta#

qug cas prkn`kpkas gstlfcg`kdas gn ëc

par jk # l`lfln dg sgr egckzjgntg

lpck`ldas ì cl Gna camêl dg cls `gr

`lnêls dg Rlrês. Hg vksta sus rg

suctldas # y jg hg ànvgn`kda # dg

qug gstls vküls # par knegrkargs qug

sgln # hln pradu`kda gstg lüa vk

nas dg juy fugnl `lckdld # y ùya

prg`ka hl gx`gdkda jls dg un qukn

ta safrg gc ùrsa dgc vkna gcg%a dg



K X

gstls j ksjls vküls hg`ha par gc jë

tada uslda lntgrkarjgntg.

Rraplmlnda gn vugstra dgplr

tljgnta # @. R. gc lrtg dg jgoarl1

cas vknas # lujgntlrgks cl kndustrkl#

o cl praspgrkdld dgc gstlda # lsk

àja cl àjadkdld dgc prapkgtlrka#

qug hlcclrì gn gc luj gnta dgc prg

`ka dg sus vknas cl plml dg unl

plrtg dg sus àntrkfu`kangs. Rar gs.

tls rlzangs # qug l`lcarlrìn vugs

tra zgca # as gn`lrma # qug dkstrk

fuyìks gstl knstru``kðn. As slcuda.

@hlptlc.

R. 6 + .

As rugma # qug hlmìks as dgn

ùgntl durlntg gc lüa # dg cas rg

suctldas aftgnkdas gn vugstra dgplr*



X

•tljgnta # y jg cas àjunkquëks#

parqug cas hg`has lutëntkàs san cl

jgoar dg tadls cls knstru``kangs.

LC @KWDLDLNA @HLRTLC#

Jknkstra dgc Kntgrkae.

@. J.

A s a erg`ê vugstrl jksjl afrl^

qulnda as dgdkquë jk prkjgrl kns

tru``kðn safrg gc lrtg dg hl`gr gc

vkna # l`gptld lharl gc nugva hajg*

nlmg dg gstl ? cas vküldargs ì qukg

ngs gstì dgstknldl # vkgnda gc narn/

frg dg w Jknkstra # qug pratgmg

cls lrtgs ÿtkcgs àn tln fugn su`g*



X K

sa # àja cls ùctkvl . rg`kfkrìn àn

jlyar àneklnzl cas# ànsgoas qug sg

cgs dln ? gctas mazln yl dg ¡as fg*

ngek`kas dg vugstrl Ldj knkstrl`kðn^&

y nldl cgs rgstl ± skna gc rgàmgrgc eruta dg vug^tr`ês cu`gs. Pay %`.

@ldgt*dg*Elux#



X K K

Ê N D K @ G .

( 6 LV TL D GC J KN KPTV A

dgc Kntgrkar ì cas Rrgeg`ta dg cas

Dgplrtljgntas.

Dgdk`ltarkl.

Gc Lutar ìcas àsg`hgras dgvkna.Rlm . k .Ldvgrtgn`kl. 5.

Vgsuj gn dg gstl knstru``kðn# = .

Dg cl vgndkjkl. 8 .

Dg cl egrjgntl`kðn. < 2 #

Dgc pkslr cl uvl. <6.

Dgc jada dg jlngolr fkgn cl egr

jgntl`kðn. < 0 .

Jëtada ardknlrka # y jlca # àn

qug gc vküldar jlngol gc vkna

gn gc ùfa. < = .



X K K K

Dgc sl`lr gc vkna. 6 < .Dgc vkna y dg cl prgnsl. 6 0 1

Dg cas jadas dg lujgntlr cl vk*

# naskdld dgc vkna. # . 65/

Dgc usa y lfusa dgc vkna. 0 0 .

Dg cl9 Lsekxkl. 0 7 .

@andu% l `an cas ckfgrtldas dg cl

Lsekxkl. 4 2 .

Dg cl jugrtg. 4 < .

Vgsuctlda dg cls gxpgrkgn`kls. 4 6 .

Rar gc @. @ldgt*dg*Ulux. 4 0 .

Rar. gc @. @hgvlckgr.** 7 ; . #

Afsgrvl`kangs safrg gstg gspgrkjgn ta. 55.

Rar gc @. Rgrrkgr. 5;.

Afsgrvl`kðn safrg cl knecugn`kl dgclrtg lun gn nugstras jgoargs

vkügdas. = ; /

Knstru``kðn safrg gc lrtg dg hl`gr

gc vkna. 8 0 .

Dg cls sgülcgs qu#g kndk`ln gc



X K U

tkgjpa dg tl vgndkjkl. 8 4 .Dg cls sgülcgs gqukva`ls. 8 7 .

Dg cl gcg``kðn dgc tkgjpa. 8 7 .

Dg cl vgndkjkl àn ra`kð. 8 = .

Dgc àmgr cl uvl. . * 8 8 .

Dg cl gcg``kðn # y sgplrl`kðn dg

cls uvls. 8 ; .

Dë cas ùkdldas qug gxkmg cl uvl. ; 2 .

Dg lcmunls gx`gp`kangs. ; < .

Dgsquktlr cl rlspl. ; 6 .

Dg na quktlrcl. ; 0 .

Dg quktlr cl rlspl/ ; 4 .

Dg quktlrcl gn plrtg. ; 7 .

Dgc jada dg quktlr cl rlspl. Kd.

Dg cl egrjgntl`kðn. # ; 5 .Dg cl egrjgntl`kðn gspkrktasl. ; = .

Dgeknk`kðn dg cl egrjgntl`kðn. ; ; .

Dg cls sgülcgs dg cl egrjgntl`kðn. < 2 2 .

Dg cl egrjgntl`kðn tujuctuasl. Kd.

Dg cl egrjgntl`kðn skcgn`kasl. < 2 6 .



X U

Rkdas dg cl egrjgntl`kðn. Kd.Dgc lmul. Dgc lyrg. Dgc `l

car. < 2 0 . y < 2 4

Dg cas gegtcas dg cl egrjgntl`kðn. < 2 8

Dgc pkslr. n a #

Dgc vkna dg cl pksldgrl. < < <

Dg cl ng`gskdld dg ccgnlr cas ùfas. < < 6

Dgc vkna dg jasta vkrmgn. . < < 0

Dg cl dkspask`kðn dg cas ùfas. < < 4 #

Dgc jada dg dkrkmkrcl egrjgntl`kðn < <

J ëtada vk`kasa dgc vküldar. < < 8

Dg sl`lr gc vkna. < 6 0

Dgc tkgjpa dg sl`lrca. <65#

Dgc safrgjasta. < 6 ;

Dgc vkna dg prgnsl. Kd.Dgc vkna dg sugrtgs. < 0 2 #

Dgc vkna dg cl `lpkccldl. < 0 <

Dgc jlngoa dgc vkna gn cls ùfls. < 0 0

Dgc jada dg `clrkek`lr gc vkna. < 0 4

Dg cl vknaskdld. < 0 = #



` a

# CAP @APG@HGVAP DG

vkna.

X * o y c l r tg d g h l ` g r g c v k n a g s u n a

d g c a s p r k j g r a s q u p h l 3 g xg r` kd a g c

h a j f r g ` k v k c k z l d a 9 ì p g s l r d g g s t a

p a r j l s l n t k m u a q u g s g l s u a r k m g n #

g s t g l r t g n a h l s l c k d a d g c l kn el n*r

` kl . L p g n l s h l h g ` h a p r a m r g s a s g n

s k f c g h l s t l h l ` g u n s k m c a g n c l s e l

j a s l s v k ü l s d g l q u g c c a s ` c k j l s # g n

q u g c l n l t u r l c g z l e l v a r g ` k g n d a j u ` h a c l f u g n l ` l c k d l d d g ca s v k n a s #

n g ` g s k t l f l j g n a s d g c l r t g .

G s v g r d l d # q u g c a s s l f k a s # ì

q u k g n g s g s t ì n ` a n e k l d a s c a s p r a m r g s a s

L d g



d g Ol s l r t g s # g s ` r k f k g r a n s a f r g t a d l s 9p m r a c l d g h l ` g r g c v k n a e u ë ` l s k c l

ÿ n k ` l q u g a c v k d l r a n # p a r q u g n l ` k d l

` a n ë c J u n d a cl s u p a n ê l n p g r e g `

` k a n l d l h l ` ê l j u ` h a t k g j p a 9 d g j a

d a # q u g n a sg ` a n a ` ê l l u n t r l t l d a

l c m u n a s a f r g g s t g l r t g # h l s t l q u g

g c @ . @ h l p t l k p u f c k ` ð g c l ü a ÿ c t k j a

g c ÿ n k ` a ` a j p c g t a q u g p a s g g c l E r l n

` k l # t r l t l d a d g c q u l c g s ekgc g x t r l `

t a g s t l k n s t r u ` ` k ð n .

G c @ # @ h l p t l k g n ` l c k d l d d g P l

f k a h l ` a n s l m r l d a s u s d g s v g c a s ì c l

p g r e g ` ` k ð n d g c l s l r t g s ÿ t k c g s # y ì g c

g s ì q u k g n c l N l ` k ð n E r l n ` g s l d g

f g r ì p r g s t a g c j g o a r l j k g n t a d g s u s

v k n a s # j l n l n t k l c g c j l s e g ` u n d a d g

s u p r a s p g r k d l d # d g s u k n d u s t r k l # y

(Og s u ` a j g r ` k a # p u g s q u g g s ` k g r t a #

q u g c l E r l n ` k l p a s g g u n l m r l n g s *



22

t g n s k ð n d g t g r r g n a p r a p k a p l r l g c ` u c

t k v a d g c l s v k ü l s ( k + .

G c @ . @ h l p t l c g n ` l c k d l d d g

J k n k s t r a ì q u k g n g s t ì ` a n e k l d l c l k n s

t r u ` ` k ð n p ÿ f c k ` l # c l d g r r l j l p a r s ê

j k s j a g n t r g c l s ` c l s g s c l f a r k a s l s d g

c l P a ` k g d l d ± y h l y l c m u n l q u g c a

s g l j l s q u g c l d g c v k ü l d a r # q u g s g

d g d k ` l l c ` u c t k v a j l s p g n a s a # y q u g

n a s k g j p r g r g ` a j p g n s l c a s t r l f l o a s

q u g g x k m g 1

R g r a s k c l s g s t l ` k a n g s k n e c u y g n

d g s m r l ` k l d l j g n t g s a f r g g c e r u t a # y

s a f r g c l ` l c k d l d d g c a s v k n a s # g c l r

t g p u g d g ì c a j g n a s r g p l r l r g n l c/( k + Gstl jksjl rlzðn# y lun

jlyar hly gn Gsplül plrl eajgntlrgc jgoarljkgnta dg nugstras vknas>

qug ng`gsktln tln pa`a plrl pgreg``kl*nlrsg#

\Gc trlduetar~+.



m u n j a d a g s t a s j l c g s . N a H l y * l ü a st l n k n e g c k ` g s # n k v k ü l s t l n j l c l s d g

c l s q u g ` a n g c s a ` a r r a d g c l r t g n a

p u g d l h l ` g r s g u n v k n a d g f u g n l ` l

c k d l d . D a n d g c l n l t u r l c g z l h l ` g p a

` a # t k g n g q u g h l ` g r j u ` h a g c l r t g .

[ ì c l v g r d l d g s t g g s # y n a

c l n l t u r l c g z l g c q u % h l ` g g c v k n a # c l

n l t u r l c g z l p r g s t l p l r l g c c a c a s j l t g

r k l cg s c a j k s j a q u g a e r g ` g u n l p k g

d r l p l r l g d k e k ` l r 9 p g r a g c L r q u k t g `

t a e a r j l c a s p c l n g s # y ca s a p g r l r k a s

c g v l n t l n g c g d k e k ` ka . .

G c @ . @ h l p t l c h l g s ` r k t a p l r l

c a s P l f k a s # y p l r l c a s p r a p k g t l r k a s #

q u g d g f g n ì u n l g d u ` l ` k ð n c kf g r l c g c

m u s t a d g c l s ` k g n ` k l s 9 - p g r a q u k g r g

h a y q u g s g g s ` r k f l p l r l g c v k ü l d a r ?

g n ` l r m a h a n r a s a q u g j g ekl g s t g J k

n k s t r a 0 y q u g y a s l t ks e l m a ` a n z g c a # . /



• @ s +

y ` a n r g ` a n a ` k j k g n t a .

G s t l k n s t r u ` ` k ð n g s t ì s l ` l d l g n

t g r l j g n t g d g s u t r l t l d a s a f r g g c l r

` g d g h l ` g r g c # v k n a # p a r c a q u g s k g j

p r g s g rë k s d g u d a r g s d g c j g o a r l j k g n t a

d g c a s v k n a s ì s u s a c k ` k t u d # y ì c l s .

c u ` g s q u g h l g s p l r ` k d a s a f r g g s t g l s u n

t a ? ekld g n v u g s t r a L j k m a ? g c J k * .

n k s t r d @ h l p t l c l j l c l s l r t g s # y c a s

h a j f r g s q u g g j p c g l n g n g c c l s t a d l

s u v k d l # ` a j a v a s a t r a s ? g c g s g c

L r q u k t g ` t a # s g d c a s t r l f l o l d a r g s ? ekg

c g s ì c a s p r k n ` k p k a s q u g h l g s t l f c g ` k

d a # c g v l n t l r g k s g c g d k e k` k a d g v u g s

t r l r k q u g z l # q u g s g l u j g n t l r ì ` a nc l p g r e g ` ` k ð n d g v u g s t r a s v k n a s # y

s g r ì g s t a r g ` a j p g n s l h l r t a d u c ` g d g

s u s d g s v g c a s 9 p g r a p l r l c c g m l r ì g s

t g t ë r j k n a # g s p r g ` k s a q u g r g n u n ` k ë k s

| a qug hk`kgran nugstras Rldrgs# p a r ?



2 7 +

q u g g n q u l n t a l c v k n a h k ` k g r a n s k g j

p r g j l c .

* Ldvgrtgn`kl.

G c ` a j p g n d k a q u g p r g ` g d g ì

c l k n s t r u ` ` k ð n # d g c l q u l c g s u n r g

s u j g n # s g r v k r ì p l r l r g ` a r d l r c a q u g

•> s g * h l y l c g k d a p l r t k ` u c l r j g n t g g n c a

r g c l t k v a ì c l j l n k p u c l ` k ð n d g c v k n a # .

R a d r ì t l j f k ë n s u p c k r p a r k n s

t r u ` ` k ð n ì l q u g c c a s q u g n a q u k g r g n

d l r j u ` h a t k g j p a ì c l c g ë t u r l # l s k

` a j a ì c l ` c l s g h l r t a n u j g r a s l d g

h a j f r g s * qu g p a n g n p/a`l l t g n ` k ð n g n

g c ` a n a ` k j k g n t a d g c a s p r k n ` k p k a s d g c

l r t g q u g g x g r ` k t l n # c k j k t ì n d a s g l c

p l r g ` g r ÿ n k ` l j g n t g ì s u p r l ` t k ` l .

G s t g r g s u j g n g s t ì ` a n e k rj l d a -

` a n c a s h g ` h a s q u g c g s k m u g n # p a r *



q u g c l l u t a r k d l d j l s p a d g r a s l g s l q u g * .H l # ì q u g n a g s p a s k f c g r g s k s t k r 9 y g s

t a s h g ` h a s s a n l u t ë n t k ` a s # p u g s t k g

n g n p a r t g s t k m a s ì c a s k n d k v k d u a s d g c a s

` l n t a n g s g n q u g s g h l n p r l ð t k ` l d a .

Vgsuj gn dg gstl-knstru``kðn.

G c l r t g d g h l ` g r g c v k n a ` a n s k s

t g g n c l s a p g r l ` k a n g s s k m u k g n t g s .

Ugndkjkl.

Egrjgntl`kðn..

• . Rkslr cl ufl.

Dkrkmkr cl egrjgntl`kðn.

Pl`lr gc vkna dgc `ufa.Jada dg lujgntlr cl vknaskdld

dgc vkna/



( 8 +

Dg cl vgndkjkl.

C l j l d u r g z d g c l u v l k n d k ` l g c

t k g j p a d g c l v g n d k j k l 9 g n g s t g ` l s a

g s n g ` g s l r k a v g n d k j k l r c u g m a # g n f u g n

t k g j p a # y f k g n # p u g s y l c l u v l n a

h l d g j l d u r l r j l s .

P k s g q u k g r g h l ` g r v k n a f c l n ` a

y g s p u j a s a # s g ` a m g r ì c l u v l * ` u

f k g r t l d g r a ` ê a # ð d g g s ` l r ` h l # ð

n k g f c l .

G s n g ` g s l r k a l s g m u r l r u n n ÿ j g

r a d g v g n d k j k l d a r g s s u e k ` k g n tg p l r l

c c g n l r g c ` u f a g n u n a ð d a s d k l s ì c aj l s # p a r q u g g c h g ` h l r s a f r g u n l p a r

` k ð n d g u v l y l r g ` l c g n t l d l a t r l p l r

t g d g e r ê l p g r o u d k ` l j u ` h a ì c l e g r

j g n t l ` k ð n .

@ a m g r c l u v l j l s j l d u r l s g p l *



r l d l j g n t g # y r g s g r v l r p l r l a t r a d k s t k n t a ` u f a c l s u v l s v g r d g s ð p a d r t *

d l s ? n u n ` l s g h l r ì f u g n v k n a s kn d a s

v g n d k j k l s # p a r q u g n u n ` l p u g d g j l

d u r l r k m u l c j g n t g g c e r u t a . •

N a p k s l r c l s u v l s g n c l v k n l g n

c l s ` a j p a r t l s ð v l s k ol s g n q u g s g ` a n

d u ` g n # p a r q u g g c s u ` a v k r m g n ( k + n a

t l r d l g n e g r j g n t l r # s a f r g t a d a s k h l

` g ` l c a r # y s g g v l p a r l y p k g r d g su s

g s p ê r k t u s p a r c a q u g n a d g f g e g r j g n

t l r s k n a g n g c ` u f a .

P g p u g d g q u k t l r c l r l s p l # s k c ì

u v l g s t ì p g r e g ` t l j g n t g j l d u r l # q u l n *

d a s g q u k g r g h l ` g r u n v k n a j l s d g ck` l . *d a # y q u g s g p u g d l f g f g r j l s p r a n t a .

( k + Pu`a vkrmgn gs gc zuja # ðck`ar pura qug tkgng cl uvl nlturlcjgntg skn elvar dgc lrtg.

\Gc trldu`tar + .



G s d g ` k r # q u g q u l n d a n a s g• p rg t gn d g g s t a # n a h l y n g ` g s k d l d d g

q u k t l r c l r l s p l .

Dg cl egrjgntl`kðn.

C l e g r j g n t l ` k ð n g s g c j a v ê 1

d k g n t a q u g s g g x ` k t l g n g c ` u f a g n

q u g g s t ì d g p a s k t l d a g c eruta # ` a j a

t l j f k ë n g n c ls ` u f l s g n q u g s g g n

` k g r r l g c c k ` a r d g c l s u f l s .

G c c k ` a r ð z u j a d g c l u f l s g

c c l j l v k n a d u c ` g # ( g n G s p l ü l j a s t a + .

C l e g r j g n t l ` k ð n n g ` g s k t l g c ` a n

` u r s a ð u n k ð n d g c l m u l # d g c l y r g # y.d g c ` l c a r ? s k n g s t a s t r g s l m g n t g s n a

h l y ` u g r p a q u g e g r j g n t g .

G c v k n a ` a n t k g n g s k g j p r g f l s

t l n t g l m u l # y ì v g ` g s d g j l s k l d l # c l

q u g sg h l ` g g v l p a r l r # g n p l r t g ` ð ` k g n *



2 2 .

d a g c j a s t a # ` a n c a q u g l j l s d g g s

t a cl j l t g r k l l z u ` l r l d l q u g e a r j l g c

v k n a # s g ` a n ` g n t r l ( k + .

G n g c ` l s a d g q u g c l u f l s g l

d g j l s k l d a l m u l n a s l # #<a j g o a r g s l ü l

d k r cg j l t g r k l l z u ` l r l d l #3 ` a j a j k g c #

ð l z ÿ ` l r g n f r u t a # p a r q u g c a q u g

` u g s t l s g r g ` a j p g n s l ` a n c l g ` a n a j ê l

d g c t k g j p a y d g ~ c l c g ü l q u g s g n g ` g

s k t l p l r l c l g v l p a r l ` k ð n d g c j a s t a . -C a s ` u f a s g s t ì n ` a j u n j g n t g

d g j l s k l d a l y r g l d a s # a t r l s v g ` g s e r êa s #

y g n t a n ` g s g s j g n g s t g r ` l c g n t l r c a s h l

` k g n d a e u g m a .

C l e g r j g n t l ` k ð n n a t k g n g a t r a

( k + Wnl dg cls plrtgs prkn`kplcgs dgc vkna gs gc lzÿ`lr y gc `an/`gntrlrsg # gs rgunkrsg jls y jls lcck`ar vknasa gn qug sg hlccl.

(OCc trldu`tar.



2 2

a f o g t ð q u g g c d g j u d l r g c ` u g r p a q u g

d a j k n l f l g n a t r a ` u g r p a # s k g n d a ` k g r

t a # q u g g n t r g g c j a s t a y g c v k n a h l y

t l n t l d k e g r g n ` k l # ` a j a g n t r g c l n a *

` h g y g c d k l .

Dg pkslr cl uvl.

- P g d g f g p k s l r ` a n ` u k d l d a c l

G cv l 9 p g r a h l d g s g r g n g c • j k s j a ` u

f a # y g n g c j a j g n t a d g ` a c a ` l r c l

g n ë c .

C l v l r g c ` -u f a ` a n l m u l ` l c k g n t g .

G n o l c v g m l r # ð e r a t l r g c k n t g r k a r

d g c ` u f a ` a n ` l c v k v l - l p l m l d l g n l m u l #s a f r g t a d a p l r l u v l s d g v k ü l s # ` u

y a v k n a g s d u r a # l m r k a # y t l r d a g n

j l d u r l r # p a r q u g c l ` l c c g l f s p r v g u n l

p l r t g d g s u ì ` k d a .

H l y ` k g n j a d a s d g h l ` g r c l s



2 0 +

` a s l s j l c # y n a h l y j l s q u g u n a

d g h l ` g r c l s f k g n .

U g d l q u k g c j a d a d g d kr km k r f k g n

c l e g r j g n t l ` k ð n & g n g c ` u f a .

Jada dg dkrkmkr fkgn cl egrjgntl`kðn.

F k g n p k s l d l # y p u g s t l g n g c ` u

f a c l u v l # s g l m k t l r ì # ð j g n g l r ì g c

e r u t a ` a n u n l g s p g ` k g d g l z l d l d g j l

d g r l ` a n u n j l n m a c l r m a @ A ? g s t g .

j a v k j k g n t a l u j g n t l g c ` l c a r # y

l p r g s u r l # y l v k v l c l e g r j g n t l ` k ð n .

P k c l u v l n a g s t ì f k g n j l d u r l #

s k s g h l v g n d k j k l d a c c a v k g n d a # . s k g c

t k g j p a g s t ì e r k ð # t l r d l r ì g n v g r k e k ` l r

s g c l e g r j g n t l ` k ð n ? g n g s t g ` l s a s g

( k + @aj a cl qug skrvg plrl rgvacvgr jartgra. * 3

(Gc trldu`tar y



2 4 +

g ` h l r ì n g n g c ` u f a g n q u g g s t ì g c e j /

t a u n l # d a s # ð j l s ` l c d g r l d l s d g

j a s t a h k r f k g n d a # y s g r g v a c v g r ì f k g n

t a d a .

P g ` u f r k r ì g c e r u t a p k s l d a # y

j l n g o l d a d g g s t g j a d a ` a n u n l t l

p l f k g n l o u s t l d l d g j l d g r l # g s t a g s

t l f c l s ` a j p u g s t l s ì g s t g g e g ë t a # ` l r

m ì n d a c l d g p g s a # d g j a d a # q u g g c

a r u o a # ð f r k s l ` l k m l # y s g h u n d lh l s t l ` g r ` l d g d a s ð . tr gs d g d a s g n

g c j a s t a # p l r l k j p g d k r d g g s t l s u g r

t g # g c q u g g c g s p k r k t u d g c v k n a s g

d k s k p g . .

L j l s g c a r u o a h u n d k d a g n g c j a s

t a c g d ì u n h g r j a s a ` a c a r # s kn t g

n g r q u g u s l r p l r l g c c a d g e r u t a s s k c

v g s t r g s # ` u y a g j p c g a g s t ì p r a h k f k

d a p a r cl c g y l c v k ü l d a r kn ekg c. .

• J v k ü l d a r ;Q ð ` a s g ` h g r a d g f g



2 7 + .

ì s u ` a n ` k g n ` k l # y ì s u s ` a n ` k u d l d l n a s g c d l r g c v k n a j l s p u r a y n l

t u r l c ? g n ekn d g f g l c k n t g r ë s d g s u

e l j k c k l # l c h a n a r d g c l k n d u s t r k l # y

d g c ` a j g r ` k a d g s u p l ê s g c h l ` g r c a c a

j g o a r . q u g p u d k g r g .

R u g s t l c l t l p l # d g f g ^ ë c d u g ü a

t g n g r p r u d g n ` k l ` a n s u ` a s g ` h l # y

n a l c t g r l r c l e g r j g n t l ` k ð n .? p u g d g

` g r r l r c l s p u g r t l s y v g n t l n l s d g s u

p k s l d g r a y &n a v a c v g r ì g n t r l r g n ë c

h l s t l g c t k g j p a d g s l ` l r g c v k n a .

\ u l n d a g n t r g g n g c p k s l d g r a s g n

t k r ì u n a c a r f l c s ì j k ` a d g v k n a # ð

l m u l r d k g n t g # p a r c a q u g d g f g g n t r l r` a n p r g ` l u ` k ð n .

P k c l c u z s g l j a r t k m u l # y s a

f r g t a d a s k s g l p l m l # n a d g f g g n

t r l r s kn l f r k r c l s v g n t l n l s # y g s p r g *



2 3 2 ^

g k s f h l ` g r e u g m a ` a n c c l j l \k+. ••

G c v k n a q u l n d a s g s l q u g t g n d r ì

g c ` l c a r d g c l m u l d g f l ü a .

H l y u n l d k e g rg n ` k l d g p r g ` k a d g

u n • q u l r t a ì u n q u k n t a g n t r g c l j g

d k d l d g c v k n a d g u n ` u f a ` u f k g r t a #

y a t r l d g u n ` u f a j l n g o l d a p a r g c

v k ` k a s a j ë t a d a l n t k m u a # q u g gs . g c

s k m u k g n t g .

( k + @aj a ota pugdg nk lfrkr clsvgntlnls # nk hl`gr eugma skn gntrlr#ca jls sgmura gs g`hlr dgclntg unl`gstl dg `lc vkvl # qug gs gc jlyarlfsarvgntg # y ltrlg lc knstlntg gc mls-l`kda `lrfðnk`a # qug par su pgsldgz

sg gcgvl pa`a 9 y tlrdlr jgdkl harlgn gntrlr # plrl dlr tkgjpa ì qug cl`lc# lfsarvl gc lyrg ekxa.

(Gc trldu%ary



2 = 1

Jëtada ardknlrka y jlca # `an qug sg

sugcg jlngolr gc vkna gn gc `ufa.

G c ` a s g ` h g r a k m n a r l n t g p a r r g

` a m g r q u l n t a l n t g s s u e r u t a # l p r g

s u r l s u v g n d k j k l d g j l s k l d a # y p a r

u n l g ` a n a j ê l j l c g n t g n d k d l n a s g

p l r l c l s u v l s v g r d g s y p u d r k d l s d g

J s j l d u r l s .

T l r d l s g j l n l s g n t g r l s g n c c g n l r

s u ` u f a p a r e l c t l d g a p g r l r k a s # y

p a r s g r d g j l s k l d a m r l n d g s c l s v l s k o l s .

G n l c m u n l s p l r t g s n a p k s l n h l s

t l q u g g c ` u f a g s t ì c c g n a .P g g s ` l p l j u ` h a n ÿ j g r a d g m r l

n a s # y l u n d g r l ` k j a s s k n p k s l r .

G n a t r l s p l r t g s f l o l n j u ` h l s

v g ` g s l c d k l l c ` u f a p l r l p k s l r # ` a n

0 .? m r l n



2$+

m r l n p g c k m r a d g s g r s u e a ` l d a s # y d g

m g r g ` g r g n g c g s p ê r k t u d g c v k n a .

G s t a g s s l ` r k e k ` l r s u v k d l f k g n

n g ` k l j g n t g # p a r q u g g s t g j a d a d g

p k s l r # q u g p u g d g j l t l r l c p k s l d a r #

p k g r d g ` k g r t l j g n t g g c v k n a p a r c l d k

s k p l ` k ð n d g g s t g g s p ê r k t u # q u g s k g n d a

c l g s g n ` k l d g c v k n a # d g f g s g r ` a n

s g r v l d a .

P l ` l v k n a d g c l ` l n k c c l # y r a ` ê l ` a n* ë c c l s f r k s l s # ð s u p g r e k ` k g d g

c l u v l p k s l d l ? g s t g v k n a g x p u g s t a l c

l y r g # y ` a n g c ` l c a r d g c ` u f a s g

l m r kl # y s g ` a n v k g r t g g n v k n l m r g # y

l s ê g c v k n a d g c t l c ` a s g ` h g r a g s g n

p l r t g v k n a #. y g n p l r t g v k n l m r g .

N a h l y ` a s l j l s e l s tk d ka s l ì

i v k s t l y l c a c e l t a # q u g u n ` u f a s g

j g o l n t g ? c l s u p g r e k ` k g g s t ì c c g n l d g

j a h a 1 d g j a s ` l s # # 0 y d g k n s g % a s ?



( < ; +

q u g d l u n a s u e a ` l d a d g c a c a r d g c Uk*#

n a l m r k l d a # d g q u g g s t ì h u j g d g ` k

d a g c s u g c a # y n u n ` l s g p g r ` k f g g n

t l c g s ` u f a s g c a c a r f l c s ì j k ` a d g v k

n a y l m u l r d k g n t g # q u g g x ì c l n c a s ` u

f a s t l p l d a s . ¡ \ u l n t a t k g j p a # q u l n

t a t r l f l o a # y q u l n t a s ` u k d l d a s p g r

d k d a s p l r l h l ` g r u n v k n a j l c a # y

g x p a n g r s g ì p g r g ` g r ,

G c p r l ` t k ` l r u n l ` a s l p a r a e k ` k a #

y p u r l ` a s t u j f r g n a g s r l z ð n # p l r l

h l ` g r c l f k g n # y ì c a j g n a s g s g s t a

` k g r t a g n q u l n t a ì c a s v k ü l d a r g s ? g n

g e g ` t a g n c a s p l ê s g s d g v k ü l s s g p r g

ekgrg s k g j p r g g c v k n a d g u n @ k u d l d l n a # .l c d g u n v k ü l d a r ? p a r c a ` a

j ÿ n u n h l ` g n d l d a # u n c g t r l d a # u n

j k c k tl r # y l u n u n l j u m g r # ì q u k g

n g s g s t l g s p g ` k g d g a p g r l ` k a n g s p l

r g ` g d g f ê l s g r j l s g s t r l ü l # c l s h l *



• v.— y

@ g n j g o a r # y p a r q u g 1 p a r q u g d a n

d g h l y j l s g d u ` l ` k ð n y j l s c u ` g s #

h l y j g n a s p r g a ` u p l ` k a n g s # j g n a s

r g s k s tg n ` k l ì l d q u k r k r n u g v a s ` a n a ` k

j k g n t a s # -k y s g s k m u g q u g g n t a n ` g s

s g h l ` g t a d a j g o a r q u g g c c l f r l d a r

g s ` c l v a d g s u ` k g m l r u t k n l .

\ u l n d a s g s l ` l g c v k n a # l p g n l s

s l c g t k f k a # y l sk c l e g r j g n t l ` k ð n t l r

d l j u ` h a g n r g s t l f c g ` g r s g g n c l ` u f l .P u g c g n s a f r g t a d a d k g z ð d a ` g

h a r l s l n t g s d g s l ` l r g c v k n a p k s l r c a

p a r ÿ c t k j l v g z # y ` a j a g n t a n ` g s

g s t ì y l g c v k n a h g ` h a # y ì v g ` g s d g

j l s k l d a # s g g x ì c l n l c l y r g c a s j k l s

j l s ð v l p a r g s d g c g s p ê r k t u ` a n m r l

v g p g r o u k ` k a d g c v k n a ? c a t k g n g n d g s

p u ë s d g h g ` h a j u y t l p l d a # y ` a n

r l z ð n # p l r l q u g n a p k g r d l s u s g s

p ê r k tu s # y q u l n d a c a g s t ì n h l ` k g n d a



2 2

c a s g s p l r ` g n p a r g c l yr gU

Dg sl`lr gc vkna/

P g d u d l l ` g r ` l d g c t k g j p a d g

s l ` l r g c v k n a # ` l d l v k ü l d a r t k g n g

s u r g m c l 9 p g r a n a h l y j l s d g u n l #

q u g g s g c m u s t a ? g c p l c l d l r g s g c ÿ n k

` a o u g z d g c t k g j p a d g s l ` l r g c v k n a .

\ u l n d a c l e g r j g n t l ` k ð n s g l p l

` k m ó g ð l e c a o l # s g s l ` l u n p a ` a d g

U k n a # y s g p r u g f l ? s k l c m u s t a p k

` l n t g d g u n v k n a g n e g r j g n t l ` k ð n

s k m u g u n m u s t a d u c ` g y l z u ` l r l d a #

n a g s t ì t a d l v ê l h g ` h a g c v kn a ¹

P g g s p g r l l c m u n l s h a r l s # s g

p r u g f l a t r l v g z y s g s l ` l g c v k n a #

s k g j p r g qug gstg musta lzu`lrlda # ð

duc`g s g ` a n a z ` l p a ` a # y g s p r g

` k s a n a d g o l r q u g c l e g r j g n t l ` k ð n



2 2 .

l n k q u k c g ð d g - s m l s tg g c v k t k a g h g c ` u *

f a # p a r q u g t a d l v k l t k g n g q u g e g r

j g n t l r g n c l s ` u f l s p l r l p g r e g ` ` k a

n l r s g y p a n g r s g g n s l z ð n ? p u g s s k

c l e g r j g n t l ` k ð n d g c ` u f a h l m l s t l

d a g c v k n a ± ` ð j a h l d g p a d g r r g

s ks t k r ì c l k j p r g s k ð n y j a v k j k g n t a

q u g p l d g ` g g n c l ` u f l g n c a s t k g j

p a s d g f r a t l r c l s v k n l s ( k + # d g s u

ecar y d g s u j l d u r g z 1 T a d a s g s

t a s t k g j p a s g x ` k t l n g n c l ` u f l u n

j a v k j k g n t a # q u g v k g n g ì s g r u n l

` a n t k n u l ` k ð n d g c l e g r j g n t l ` k ð n . P g

j g o l n t g l c h a j f r g c l f a r k a s a g c v k

n a p g r g ` g # y p l s l ì ì ` k d a d g s d gë c j a j g n t a g n q u g d g o l d g t r l f l o l r #

A + Gstì praflda # qug gc vkna tkgng javkjkgnta lc jksja tkgjpa qug ca tkgngn cls `gpls.

(Gc trlgit%ar + . .



2 0 +

$>ar c a q u g n a ` a j f k g n g o q u g m ls k%

s u s e u g r z l s g n g c ` u f a p a r u n l e g r

j g n t l ` k ð n d g j l s k l d a c l r m l .

Dgc vkna y cl prgnsl.

D g s p u ë s d g s l ` l d a ë c v k n a # s g

W g U l n c l s f r k s l s ÿ a r u o a ì c l p r g n

s l # s g g s p r k j g n v l r k l s v g ` g s # y s g

s l ` l n v k n a s d k e g r g n t g s g n ` l c k d l d y

` a c a r .

• P k g c ` u f a h l g s t l d a ` u f k g r t a #

` a j a d g v g # s g p u g d g j g z ` c l r c l

` l p l ð s u p g r e k ` k g d g c l s f r k s l s ` a n

t g s t l s p l r l o u n t l r g c v k n a .P k g c ` u f a n a h l g s t l d a ` u f k g r

t a # c a q u g g s * u n m r l n d g e g ` a # s g /

r l p r g ` k s a s g p l r l r g s t l ` l p l p r k j g

r l y p r g n s l r c l l p l r t g ^ p a r q u g ` a n

t k g n g j l s v k n l m r g q u g v k n a ? g s t l gse



c l r l z ð n # p a r q u g g n c a s v k ü g d a sd g j l c l ` l c k d l d t l r d l t l n t a g c v k n a

g n l ` c l r l r s g # y s g l v k n l m r l ` a n t l n

t l e l ` k c k d l d ? g c v k n a d g c l ` l p l n a

p u g d g d l r s k n a v k n l m r g .

G s t g g s n a a f s t l n t g g c j ë t a d a

v k ` k a s a q u g s g s k m u g ` a j u n j g n t g p l

c l h l ` g r g c v k n a .

P g q u k g r g h l ` g r v k n a *# y s g h l

` g c l s j l s v g ` g s v k n l m r g # p a r c a

j g n a s n a ` u f r k g n d a g c ` u f a # g s p r g

` k s a q u g . c l p a r ` k ð n d g v k n a ` a n q u g

s g r a ` ê l c l s u p g r e k ` k g d g c l ` a s g ` h l #

s g ` a n v k g r t l g n v k n l m r g # y q u g g c

v k n a g x p r k j k d a ð p r g n s l d a d g g s t l` l p l ð s u p g r e k ` k g n a s g l f u g n a s k n a

p l r l g s t g g e g % a .

U g d l q u k g c l p r g ` k a q u g c l j l

y a r p l r t g d g c a s v k ü l d a r g s h l ` g d g

u n d a n g s t k r l e f c g # q u g c l n l t u r l c g s



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t a s d u c ` g s y l z u ` l r l d a s c l q u g d l g cU k n a j l s g s p k r k t a s a # p u g s l u n q u g s g

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t l y j g d k l d g l m u l r d k g n t g # d g c . q W ë

s g t r l g j u ` h l ` l n t k d l d d g c l s K s c l s .

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t l r a s d g v k n a s g c g l ü l d g n d a ` g ð

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f r g s ( ` g r ` l + d g l m u l r d k g n t g 9 p g r ad g u n l m u l r d k g n t g h g ` h a g n g c ` u

f a j k s j a # y j u y p r g e g r k f c g l c q u ë

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c u d l f c g # y g c q u g s g j g o a r l d g c r u ð *



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têa ÿ c t k j a g s d l ü a s a # y ` a j a v u c

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t n l s g s p k r k t a s a ? g c d g c a s p l ê s g s ` ì

c k d a s c a g s s k g j p r g # y d l u n q u l r *

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t g r k l l z u ` l r l d l ( k + # y h l rë k s v k n a s

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g c v k n a .

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t r k u n el r d g c l p r g a ` u p l ` k ð n .

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harl skn gntrlr 9 pgra pugdg hl`grsg



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q u g c a s p r k n ` k p k a s d g c l v k d l g s t ì n

s a c l j g n t g s u s p g n d k d a s .

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n l t u r l c g z l # p g r g ` g g c p l ` k g n t g # p a r

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v k d l s a n c a s s k m u k g n t g s . *

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l m u l d g c ` l r j g n R ^ìc`lck+ y c l s j l s

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g n g c p r k j g r g s t l d a .

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@ g s l g n ekn c l s L s e k x k l 9 p g r a t k g

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s k l c g n e g r j a n a s g t r l t l f k g n . <

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n l s l f k g r t l s r d l r c g ÿ n v a j k t k v a # q u g -

n a f g f l s k n a l m u l # y v k n l m r g .

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g n h a r l u n l f g f k d l # g n êl* q u l c ë n /



t r l r ì g c g s p ê r k t u d g - n k t r a # ð d g v k t r k a c a d u c ` k e k ` l d a .

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d g t l j l r k n d a s .

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g n e g r j a l c ` l f a d g l c m u n a s d k l s .

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c a 9 t l c v g z h l y ` l s a s # g n q u g c l s l n

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t k g n g ` l r m l d a g c g s t ð j l m a # y p r k n ` k

p l c j g n t g d g v k n a .



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m l c p u g d g d k s t kn m u k r c l j u g r t g l p l

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f r g s g d g n t a d a s c a s s a ` a r r a s # p u g sg s ` k g r t a # q u g h l y L s e k x k l s # q u g d u

r l n q u l t r a # ð ` k n ` a h a r l s .

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g s t a s s a ` a r r a s h g c a m r l d a y a v a c v g r

i v k d l ì j u ` h a s # q u g h u f k g r l n f l

o l d a v k v a s l c s g p u c ` r a # .

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` a n e k rj l n g c j ë t a d a g x p c k ` l d a # ` a j a

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r a # p l r l q u g g s t l a f r l t g n m l c l f r g

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n a s d g t a d a s .

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. Gn su tkgrrl gn *gc Ulccg

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r g u n k r ê l g n sê t a d l s c l s v g n t l o l s # y

s g r ê l u n l t k g r r l # d g p r a j k s k ð n # s k s u

t g r r k t a r k a p r a d u x g s g u n v k n a d g s u p g

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l ü a s # q u g g s t a d a c a q u g p u g d g d g

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t g 9ës g c r g s u c t l d a d g j k s g s p g r k g n ` k l s

d g d a s l ü a s .

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g s t l h g p c l n t l d a y k ü l s ` a n v g n M k d a . d g q u g p a r g c e g c k z l u x k c k a d g c l r t g s g

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t r k a t l s . - . 9 ? /

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t ê ` u c a v k n a d g c @ . @ h l p t l c . G s t g t r l

t l d a d g G n a c a m ê l 9 ð l r t g d g h l ` g r * g c

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t r k g h k z a v g r # q u g n l d l p a d ê l h l ` g rj g o a r # q u g ` a n e a r j l r j g ` a n ë c g n

t g r l j g n t g 9 p g r a l n t g s d g t a d a p u f c k

q u ë u n . g x t r l ` t a d g g s t g t r l t l d a g n c l

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j ê f l o a c l e a r j l d g K n s t r u ` ` k ð n .

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t u ê s u p l n g m k r k s t l # y e u k ì U g r s l c c g s #

y ì L r m g n t g v k c ì j l n k e g s t l r c l ì c a s

v k ü l d a r g s # q u g c l s l u t a r k d l d g s ` a n s

t k tu k d l s h l f ê l n r g u n k d a p l r l g s t g g e g ` t a .

[ l n a t g n ê l q u g h l ` g r g s p g r k g n *

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s l d l s cls* u v l s p g r e g ` t l j g n t g c l s p u 1

s g g n g c ` u f a .



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v k r m g n # p l r l h l ` g r v k n a f c l n ` a ? p l r g

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f r g ` l r m l d a d g g s t l p a r ` k ð n d g - r l s p l .

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j a d a # q u g ` a j p r k j k g s g c l s f r k s l s

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g c j a s t a .

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l s g m u r l d l ` a n u n ` g c c a d g c k k g r r a # s a s *

t g ü k d a ` a n u n l m l r r u ` h l p a r l r r k f l .



N a t l r d ð g n g s t l f c g ` g r s g c l e g r j g n t l ` k ð n # y l c ` l f a d ë s g ks h a r l s

c c g m ð ì s g r t u j u c t u a s l # y d u r ð ` h k *

q ó g n t l y q u l t r ð h a r l s ? s l q u ë g c v k *

ü a a ` h a h a r l s d g s p u ë s # q u g s a n g n

t a d a s g s g n t l y a ` h a .

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d g o l r a n g c j a s t a g n c a s ` u f a s d k g z #

ð d a ` g d k l s # y n k n m u n a d g s u s v k n a s

s l c kð t l n v k n a s a # n k d g t l n f u g n ` a

c a r # ` a j a g c j k ð .

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&qu g ` a n t k g n g c l p l r t g ` a c a r l n t g # y

q u g g c p g s a d g cl t l p l h l ` g h u n d k r

g n g c j a s t a # c g ` a j u n k ` l l c k n s t l n t g t a d a s u ` a c a r r a x a . •

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d a u n v k n a d g ` a c a r # y s u j a d a d g

& j l n go lr ca g n g c ` u f a g s g c j l y a r a f s

t ì ` u c a # p l r l q u g c a t a j g # p a r c a q u g



@ 4 8 +

¡s ug cg n r g ` u r r k r ì j g z ` c l s d ë v k n a s - t k n

t a s # q u g ` u c t k v l n ì g s t g g e g ` t a # ð

ì f l y l s # ð p g p k t l s d g s l ÿ ` a # d g l c

h g ü l # ð d g u v l s s k c v g s t r g s .

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t l f l g n v g k n t g y q u l t r a m r l d a s d g ` l

c a r d g c t h g r j a j g t r a # ` a j a g c l m u l

d g u n f l ü a # y y l h g d k ` h a q u g g c

d g c a s v k ü l d a r g s l p g n l s s l c g t k f k a .

G n g c ` u f a # l c s l ` l r c a # y l u ng n c l p r g n s l g x ì c l f l j k v k n a u n a c a r

v g r d l d g r l j g n t g f l c s ì j k ` a # d g s ` a n a

` k d a d g n u g s t r a s v k ü l d a r g s g n s ó l ` a s

t u j f r l d a j ë t a d a .

P g ` a c a ` ð g c v k n a g n t a n g c g s # 5` u f l s ` a n c l l d v g r t g n ` k l d g h l f g r c a s

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t g # g n g c q u l c h l f k l h g ` h a ` a ` g r u n

p u ü l d a d g r l s p l d u r l d g t r a n ` a d g l c *

f g r ` h k m a # ` a n c a q u g # ð ecar s g ` l d g



s ì c k ` a s g c a m r l p g r e u j l r c a ` a n e l ` k c k d l d .

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t k ` u c l r j g n t g # y d g c l q u l c s g p u g d g

h l ` g r u n l ÿ t k c l p c k ` l ` k ð n . .

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d a # ð t k n t a # y v g k n t g y ` k n ` a d g j k

v k n a f c l n ` a t a d a o u n t a # g ` h ë l c j k s

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v k n a s g d k s t k n m u k ð l c k n s t l n t g d g c a s

a t r a s # q u g n a t g n k l n ` l c # n a t l f c g

j g n t g . =

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v g r t k d a # y l p r g ` k l r a n g s t g v k n a j l s

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a t r a # q u g n a c c g v l f l d k ` h l ` l c .

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q u k g n g s c a d k ì p r a f l r # n a q u g r ê l n

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t a p u g d g c l p r g a ` u p l ` k ð n .

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u n v k n a t l n j l c a g n c l s v k ü l s k n e g

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j a s p r k n ` k p k a s l c q u g h k z g # y j g

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p l ê s p a r u n l d g c j k ðf

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d k ð .

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s g # h ë q u g r k d a ` a n s g r v l r c a .

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v a p a r e u g r z l ì q u g f g f l n ( k + s u ` a n v g n ` k j k g n t a # y d g s g n m l ü a .

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( 7 7 +

t l c # j l s n a g r l g s t g u n l l u t a r k d l d

p l r l g c ca s ? c a ` a n a ` ê l n # ` a j a J k

n k s t r a # l c l f l f l n c l s l f k d u r ê l d g s u m a *

v k g r n a # p g r a n a c a l p r g ` k l f l n ` a j a

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q u g c a s ` a n v g n ` g # y l u n ë s t g ` a n e k r

j l d a p a r g c t k g j p a .

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j a p u g s h l n d g ` r g g r # q u g p u g d l

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t r k l 9 g s p g r a n a a f s t l n t g c c g m l r ì s g r

g x ` g p ` k ð n d g g s t l r g m c l .



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d l d k s t r k f u k r g c m a v k g r n a ( k + # y l c

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p c a .

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d g ë c u n j k s t g r k a ? ` g r r l r j g j k s t g

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g s t l f c g ` k d a . W n s g ` r g t a t k g n g t l n t a

l t r l ` t k v a p l r l c a s ` l j p g s k n a s 1 R g r a

g s j u y d u r a g c t g n g r q u g g n m l ü l r

l u n q u g s g l p l r l k n s t ru k r .

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ü l d a r g s l ` l f l n l c p r a f l r j k v k n a p a r

l v g r m a n z l r s g d g c s u y a # j g h l n p r a

j g t k d a # q u g g s t g l ü a s g ` a n e a r j l

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l r t g d g h l ` g r g c v k n a # q u g y a # e a

j g n t a ` a n t l n t a z g c a y s a c k ` k t u d . N a

a c v k d g j a s s u k n t g r ë s # q u g y a h g k r r k *



# @ 7 8 +

t ì d a ? g j p g z g p a r p a n g r d g j k p l r

t g ì c l s J u m g r g s y g n d a ì s u s f a d g

m l s ì d a n d g c c g v l f l d g j k v k n a # p l

r l h l ` g r c a ` a j p l r l r ` a n g c d g s u s

J l r k d a s # y Ê g s d g ` k l ? v g d l q u k p a r

g x g j p c a 7 2 2 . ` l n t l r a s d g v k n a # p g

r a q u ë c l s t k j l , P k t u J l r k d a h u f k g

r l ` a n v g n k d a g n s g m u k r j k j ë t a d a * # g s

t a s 7 2 2 . ` l n t l r a s a s h u f k g r l n v l c k d a

d a s ð t r g s ` k g n t l s p g s g t l s j l s . [ a d k

v k d ê l l s k c l s e l j k c kl s # p g r a p l r l s u/

e g c k` k d l d # [ ` a j a s g h l g s t g n d k d a g c

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t ì n d a c l s # y h l ` k g n d a # d k m l j a c a l s k #

q u g ! cl s r a f l s g n .



( 7 ; +

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t a d a l ` a s t u j f r l d a # y u n a s g m ÿ n g c

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( 7 a +

y g c q u k n t a s g m ÿ n c l k n s t r u ` ` k ð n q u g

•n as h l f ë k s d l d a .

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s g c g ` t l d g j k s j g o a r g s v k ü l s .

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d g ` a j k s k a n k s t l s # y j g r ` l d g r g s # $

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s k s g h u f k g r l a f r l d a g n s u n l t k v a j a s

t a . C l f r k s l p u g s t l g n p r g n s l d k a u n

v k n a ` a c a r l d a f l s t l n t g m g n g r a s a # l u n

q u g l c m a ì s p g r a 9 d g e g ` t a # q u g n a

d g f g l t r k f u k r s g s k n d u d l s k n a l c g x *

` g s a d g r l s p l # d g q u g h u f k g r l s k d a

` a n v g n k g n t g l c k m g rl r c l j l s l . @ a j a

q u k g r l q u g s g l # c l g x p g r k g n ` k l h l j l

n k e g s t l d a c l v g n t l o l n a s a c a d g l c l r

m l r c l v k d l d g c v k n a # s k n a t l j f k ë n

d g l ü l d k r c g u n t g r ` k a ì s u v l c a r p r k j k t k v a .

L c ` a j p l r l r c a s r g s u c t l d a s d g c l

g x p g r k g n ` k l p r g ` g d g n t g ` a n c l d a ` t r k

n l # g n q u g s g g s t l f c g ` g # q u g g n c l

p g c ê ` u c l d g c l u v l r g s k d g n c a s t r g s p r k n *



( = 4 +

V k p k a s l r a j ì t k ` a # l s t r k n m g n t g # y ` a

c a r l n t g # h g ` r g k d a h l c c l r g c a r k m g n d g

u n l n u g v l g x p g r k g n ` k l . W n l s k j p c g r g

ecgxkðn s a f r g g c d k e g r g n t g d g s t k r k a q u g

s g d ì ì c l u v l g n c l s v k ü l s d g p r k

j g r l ` c l s g # ` a j a c l s d g L á # J l

rlvkccg # y c l s d g c l t g r ` g r l # . ` a j a c l s

d g U l u d k g r g # y U l u t g v k c c g j g p l r g

` g q u g c a ` a n e k r j l n . G n c ls p r k j g

r l s g c u s a # g n q u g g s t ì n c a s h l f k t l n t g s d g n a h l ` g r s k n a v k n a s f c l n ` a s

d g c l u v l s g c g % l # h l ` g k n ÿ t k c g s c a s

p r g ` k a s a s p r k n ` k p k a s # d g q u g c l n l t u

r l c g z l c g s h l p r a v g n k d a l f u n d l n t g

j g n t g . G n c l s ÿ c t k j l s l c ` a n t r l r k a #

n a h l ` g n s k n a v k n a r a x a # p a ` a ` a c a

r l d a # y d g u n m u s t a q u g s l f g l c

t g r r u ü a . C l g s p g r k g n ` k ì q u g p r a p a n m a

ì c a s p r a p l m l d a r g s d g g s t a s p r k n ` k p k a s

* ` a n s ks t kr ì p u g s g n g s p r k j k r k n j g d k l t l *



j g n t g g c x n m a d g c ls u v l s d g U l u *# d k g r g # y a t r l s # y g n p a n g r c l s g n e g r

j g n t l ` k ð n ` a n f r k s l e r g s ` l # ð n a e g r *

. * j g n t l d l d g u v l s d g L k . P k g s t l g x p g

r k g n ` k l q u g p u g d g g x g ` u t l r s g g n # p a *

. ` a * t k g j p a # s u r t g ` a j p c g t l j g n t g # n a

d g o l r êl d g a e r g ` g r u n ` l j p a j u y v l s

t a l c j g o a r l j k g n t a # l t g n d k d l c l k n *

# j g c k s l ` l n t k d l d d g f r k s l q u g p u g d g

u t k c k z l r s g .

H l n ` a n v g n k d a g n q u g g c v g h ê

` u c a d g c l e g r j g n t l ` k ð n g s j l s l f u n

d l n t g g n c l u v l f c l n ` l # q u g g n c l

n g m r l . G s t g p r k n ` k p k a g s t ì ` a n e k r j l d a

t l j f k ë n p a r c l g x p g r k g n ` k l ` a n s t l n t gd g c a s p l ê s g s # g n q u g h l ` g n v k n a s g s

p u j a s a s . G n L v k s g p a r g x g j p c a g s

g c v k n a t l n e g r v k g n t g # q u g g n l ü a s

. • j l c a s # f k g n p r g s g n t g s t a d l v ê l # s l c

t l r a n j l s d g t r g s ` k g n t l s # f a t g c c l s l c



( = 3 ;

K j p u c s a d g c ecukda k j p g t u a s a . P g l t r k

f u y g n cl s q u l c k d l d g s ` a n t r l r k l s l c v k

n a d g L k # q u g g s d g W v l s n g m r l s .

G s t a s v k n a s s g h l f k l n h g ` h a s k g j

p r g s g p l r l d a s h l s t l h l ` g p a ` a t k g j

p a q u g s g u n g n s k m u k g n d a c l k n d k ` l

` k ð n d g c l n l t u r l c g z l . C l s n u g v l s

d a ` t r k n l s ` a r a n l d l s d g c a s j l s e g c k ` g s

s u ` g s a s h l n e ko l d a d g t l c j a d a c ls k d g l s #

g n g s t g p u n t a # q u g n a d u d a s g c c g

m u g g n f r g v g ì s u m g t l r ì c l s c g y g s d g

u n l t g a r ê l r k m u r a s l g c g x l j g n # y c l

s a c u ` k ð n d g u n l q ó g s t k a n t l n k n t g r g

s l n t g ì c l G n a c a m ê l d g g s t g R l ê s # y

q u g p l r g ` ê l s g r h l s t l l h a r l g c a f o g t ad g u n l l d k v k n l ` k ð n g j p ê r k ` l ì s l f g r #

s k t l c v k n a P grì g s p u j a s a j u ` h a # p a

` a # ð n l d l .

W n a d g c a s j l y a r g s s g r v k` k a s

q u g c l n u g v l d a ` t r k n l d g c l G n a c a m ê l

±



h l h g ` h a ì n u g s t r a p l ê s h l s k d a & ëth l f g r d g s ` u f k g r t a c l . n l t u r l c g z l d g c v

l z ÿ ` l r # y d g h l f g r ekolda g c j ë t a d a

d g g j p c g l r c a . r

N a v g ê l j a s l n t g s g n g s t l p r g

` k a s l s u f s t l n ` k l # j l s q u g u n j a d a #

d g & su p ck r g c m u s t a d g c v k n a . R l r g ` g

q u g n a s g h l f ê l k j l m k n l d a # q u g g c

s u ` a d g c l ` l ü l # q u g n a s g d k s t k n m u g #

d g c s u ` a d g c l u v l # s k n a p a r s u r k

q u g z l p u d k g s g sg r v k r t l j f k ë n p l r l ` a r * 9

r a f a r l r c a s p r k n ` k p k a s d g c l s g m u n d l .

G n g s t g ` a n ` g p t a n a s g l n l d k l l z u * .

` l r l c y k n a # s k n a d g s p u ë s d g c l p r k

j g r l e g r j g n t l ` k ð n * ? # . q u g g s c l q u g c k l *

` g p l s l r l c c k ` a r d g c • g s t l d a d g j a s * ?

t a kr c l - ` c l s g d g v k n a # 9 y s k g j p r g c a

j l s t l r d g p a s k f c g 0 e u n d l d a s g n g s t g

l x k a j l # qug cl gspujl `arrag lc ±=6«*

3 ? 3 ê r . O l v a r g ` k l t l j f k ë n ì g s t l # p r l ë t ê *



g ì9

c l ` a s t u j f r g d g g s t g p l ê s & d g - n a /p r a f l r c a s v ke ta s h l s t l g c j g s d g D k

` k g j f r g #• ð G n g r a . C l r u t k n l r g y n l * ?

f l t k r ì n k ` l j g n t g s a f r g g c ` a j ÿ n d g •

c a s ` u c t k v l d a r g s # - y g n c a s a t r a s c u

` h l f l l u n ` a n t r l c a s p r k n ` k p k a s # q u l n *

d f g c l ü a ÿ c t k j a u n l g x p g r k g n ` k l d g * 9

` k s k v l c c g m ð ì p a n ë r ? ì g s t a s g c s g c c a

d g c ` a n v g n ` k j k g n t a .

C a s k n u j g r l f c g s g n ` l r m a s h g ` h a s -

d u r l n t g c l s v g n d k j k l s # h k ` k g r a n g s

p g r l r q u g cl v g n t l s g r k l r ì p k d l # y n a

e u ë g n m l ü a s l g s t l g s p g r l n z l # p u g s s g

g e g ` t u ð ` l s k g n t g r l j g n t g ì c u g m a d g

h l f g r s g g n ` u f l d a . P g d g t g r j k n l r a n ìg ` h l r l z ÿ ` l r d u r l n t g c l p r k j g r l e g r

j g n t l ` k ð n s k n a t r l 9 j k r l q u g cl d g l f r g

v k l r g c t k g j p a r g s p g ` t a l c ` a j p r l d a r #

q u g d g f k l p r a f l r c a s v k n a s . C a s r g

s u c t l d a s g x ` g d k g r a n j u ` h a c l s * ^ gs pg *



( = ; + .

r l n z l s q u g s g h l f ê l n ` a n ` g f k d a # y 1

s a f r g t a d a g n Lk& c a s v k n a s d g s g m u n

d l ` c l s g # l u n q u g c l ` a s g ` h l n a e u g

rl j g d k l n l # s g c g v l n t l r a n ì u n p r g

` k a n a ` a n a ` k d a h l s t l g n t a n ` g s g n

c a s e l s t a s d g n u g s t r l # l m r k ` u c t u r l .

Afsgrvl`kangs safrg cl knecugn`kl dgc

lrtg lun gn nugstras jgoa

rgs vkügdas.

\ u l n t a s p r a p k g t l r k a s n a s g g n * <

` u g n t r l n g n n u g s t r l s e l j a s l s v k ü l s #

q u g a r m u c c a s a s ` a n c l f a n d l d # y s a

f r g t a d a ` a n g c l c t a p r g ` k a d g s u v k n a n k g m l n # q u g g c l r t g p u g d l k n ec u k r

e g c k z j g n t g s a f r g s u j g o a r l j k g n t a 1

N a g s d g g s t a s ` k g r t l j g n t g g c @ .

R g r r k g r 9 c l ` a r r g s p a n d g n ` k l q u g h l s g

m u k d a ` a n j k m a #& d g c l q u l c g s p l r *



A +

t ë g s t l ` l r t l # p r u g f l # q u l n t a ` r g g 9

g n g c k n e c u x a d g c l r t g s a f r g c l G n a

c a m ê l l u n d g n u g s t r l s j g o a r g s v k ü l s ?

g s t l d k e g r g n ` k l d g a p k n k a n g s ` a n s k s t g

g n q u g g c @ . R g r r k g r g s u n h a j f r g

j u y k c u s t r l d a # y g s t l ` c l s g d g h a j

f r g s g s c l ÿ n k ` l s u s ` g p t k f c g d g k n s

t r u ` ` k ð n . G e g ` t k v l j g n t g g c q u g s l c g

d g u n l p r a e u n d l a s ` u r k d l d n a p u g d g

s u e r k r c a s r l y a s d g c s a c # y q u g d l ` k g

m a 9 j k g n t r l s g c q u g h l p r g s g n ` k l d a

g c n l ` k j k g n t a d ë g s t g l s t r a p u g d g - ` a n

t g j p c l r c a l c j g d k a d k l 9 g s t l g s c l

k j l m g n d g & c l s t k n k g f c l s d g c l k m n a r l n

` k l ? l ü l d l j a s ì g s t a s k q u g r g j a s s g *9 m u k r c l ` a j p l r l ` k ð n # q u g g s p r g ` k s a

n a p r g s g n t l r c l c u z l c u n a n k l c a t r a #

s k n a p a r m r l d a s # y h l ` g r c g s p l c p l r

c a s a f o g t a s q u g n a p a d r ê l n p g r ` k f k r ?

t l c g s g c a f o g t a d g g s t l k n s t r u ` ` k ð n #



( & 8 2

d g c l q u l c s g h l s g p l r l d a c l t g a r ê l #

p l r l n a p r g s g n t l r g n g cc l j l s q u g a p g

r l ` k a n g s # y h g ` h a s . *

@ r g g g c @ . R g r r k g r # ` a j a t a d a

G n a c a m k s t l # q u g c l e l f r k ` l ` k ð n d g c a s

v k n a s g s p u j a s a s d g @ h l j p l ü l g s j u y

« s u s ` g p t k f c g d g p g r e g ` ` k ð n 9 s g s l f g #

q u g m g n g r l c j g n t g c a s k n t g c k m g n t g s p r g

ekgrgn ì g s t a s c a s v k n a s d g g s t l j k s

j l p r a v k n ` k l # q u g c l e g r j g n t l ` k ð n h lv k n k e k ` l d a ` a j p c g t l j g n t g .

G e g ` t k v l j g n t g g c v k n a g s p u j a s a

` a n t k g n g p a ` a g s p ê r k t u # y j u ` h a m l s ?

s u v g r d a r # y s u p k ` l n t g n a s g p u g

d g n ` a r r g m k r s k n a ` a n c l l d k ` k ð n d g cl z ÿ ` l r 9 p g r a ` a j a h l ` g n g s t l l d k

` k ð n d g s p u ë s d g h l f g r e g r j g n t l d a # g c

l z ÿ ` l r l ü l d g p a ` a # ð h l d l ì c l g s *

p k r k t a s k d l d d g g s t g v k n a # y q u g d l s a *

G c a



( 8 2

t a u n v k n a l z u ` l r l d a .

* G c h l ` g r g s t ì l d k ` k ð n d g l z ÿ ` l r&

g n g c ` u f a p l r l s a j g t g r c a ì t a d l c l

l ` ` k ð n d g c l e g r j g n t l ` k ð n # y ` a n v g r

t k r c a g n g s p ê r k t u h l s k d a u n a d g c a s

a f o g t a s p r k n ` k p l c g s d g n u g s t r l ` a r r g s

p a n d g n ` k l s a f r g c l G n a c a m ê l d g @ h l j o

f l ü l . G c @ . R g r r k g r a f s g r v l q u l n t a

h l g x ` g d k d a c ls g s p g r l n z l s d g c r g s u c

t l d a # y l ü l d g # q u g c a s v k n a s d g c ls g m u n d l ` c l s g c c g m l r a n ì u n p r g ` k a n a

` a n a ` k d a h l s t l g n t a n ` g s g n l q u g c

p l ê s .

\ u g d l p u g s f k g n d g j a s t r l d a /

q u g s k g c l r t g k n e c u y g g s g n ` k l c j g n t gs a f r g c a s v k n a s d g n u g s t r l s v k ü l s j g

d k l n l s # n a k n e c u y g j g n a s s a f r g c a s

d g n u g s t r l s j g o a r g s v k ü l s # s a f r g t a

d a g n c a s j l c a s l n a s # g n q u g c l n l

t u r l c g z l p l r g ` g q u g d g o l l c l r t g g c



` u k d l d a d g r g s t l f c g ` g r s u l r j a n ê l . N as g k n s ks t k rì p u g s j l s s a f r g u n l p r a

p a s k ` k ð n l p a y l d l ` a n h g ` h a s t l n k n

d u f k t l f c g s # p a r q u g g n ekn c l ` a n v k `

` k ð n j k s j l h l d g t g n g r u n t ë r j k n a .

Knstru``kðn safrg gc lrtg ±cg hl`gr gcvkna.

. Dgc vkna/

G c v k n a g s g c c k ` a r g s p k r k t a s a # q u g

s g s l ` l d g c s u ` a # ð z u j a d g c l u v l

p u g s t l ë n e g r j g n t l ` k ð n 9 y s k g n d a g c

l r t g d g h l ` g r g k v k n a g c a f o g t a d g g s

t l k n s t r u ` ` k ð n # s g s g m u k r ì n p a r s u a r d g n cl s- d k v g r s l s a p g r l ` k a n g s d ë g s t g

l r t g # y j l n k e g s t l n d a c a s v k ` k a s # ð

d g e g ` t a s # s g k n d k ` l r ì g c j g o a r j ë t a

d a # C l s a p g r l ` k a n g s d g g s t g l r t g s a n

c l s s k m u k g n t g s .



ь в д

Cl vgndkjkl.

Gc quktlr cl rlspl.

Gc pkslr.

Cl egrjgntl`kðn.

Gc jada dg mavgrnlrcl fkgn.

Gc jada dgeg`tuasa `an qug cl

jlngoln `ajunjgntg.

Gc sl`lr gc vkna.

Gc jada dg lujgntlr cl v-r

-üaskdld.

Pgülcgs qug kndk`ln gc tkgjpa

dg vgndkjklr.

G c j a j g n t a d g v g n d k j k l r g s g c

d g c l j l d u r g z d g c l u v l . P g ` a n a ` g

g n g s t l s s g ü l c g s . G c p g z ð n d g c l r l s -

p l s g p a n g p l r d a ? c l u v l s g k n ` c k n l

l f l o a # y s g d g s p r g n d g e l ` ó j g n t g d g



@ 8 P > e 0

c l ` g p l ? s u m r l n a s g l f c l n d l # y s u g o *t l ` a n e l ` k c k d l d ? s u p g c c g o a s g l d g c

m l z l # y s g p a n g t r l n s p ì r g n t g ? s u z u

j a g s l z u ` l r l d a # s l f r a s a # y p g m l

o a s a ? s u l c j g n d r l g s t ì e a r j l d l g n c l -

p g p k t l # .

Pgülcgs gqukva`ln/

C l s d g j ì s s g ü l c g s s a n d u d a s l s #

` a j a c l ` l ê d l d g cl a o l # s a f r g t a d a

s k g s g e g ` t a d g c l h g c l d l .

C a p u d r k d a # y j l s s k g s g e g ` t a

d ë c l s c c u v k l s # ð d g c e r ê a .

F k g n q u g g s t l s s g ü l c g s # l u n q u g

n a c a s g l n d g j l d u r g z # k n d k ` l n c l

n g ` g s k d l d # d g v g n d k j k l r # p a r q u g g n

g s t g ` l s a c l u v l n a g s y l ` l p l z d g ?

j l d u r l r # s g q u g d l v g r d g # y s g p u d r g .



3 1 2 *

OGtg``kan ±gc tkgjpa 3

P g d g f g 1 s k s g p u g d g g c g m k r u n

f u g n d k l p l r l v g n d k j k l r # y d g ol r q u g

s g d k s k p g g c r a ` ê a #

P k h l c c a v k d a # g s n g ` g s l r k a q u g

o l t k g r r l sgy a r g g ? 1 y q u g c l u v l s g

s g q u g . P g d g f g d g s g l r # q u g g c t g r r g

n a g s t ë s g ` a p l r l n a t g j g r c l c c u

v k l q u g k n t g r r u j p k r ê l c l v g n d k j k l .

G c j g n m u l n t g d g c u n l s g ` r g g

e l v a r l f c g ì c l v g n d k j k l # p a r q u g d k

` g n # * q u g g n t a n ` g s g c v k n a g s j l s ` l

p l z d g m u l r d l r s g 9 p g r a s g r kl - k j p r u *- d g n ` k l g c g s p g r l r ì c l c u n l # q u ì n d a

h l y s g m u r k d l d d g c l j l d u r g z # y d g c

f u g n t k g j p a .



( 8 ; + # .

p l n # y d g a t r a s l c k j g n t a s # c a q u gp g r o u d k ` l j u ` h a .

@ a r t l r g c ` l f a d g . c l u v l j u y

` a r t a ` a n t k x g r l s # y n a ` a n p a d l d g /

r l # y j g n a s ì j l n a .

Gcg``kðn # y sgplrl`kðn dg cl uvl. •

P g p l r l r c l u v l s l n l y j l d u r l # c l

q u g g s t ì j l s g x p u g s t l l c P a c # ` u y a

m r l n a g s t ì k m u l c j g n t g m r u g s a # y ` a

c a r l d a k g n ekn c l q u g j l d u r l ì c l

r l k z d g c s l r j k g n t a .

P g p l r l r c l s u v l s v g r d g s # * y p u *

d r k d l s # p l r l p a n g r c l s g n u n ` u f al p l r t g # p a r q u g s u j g z ` c l l c t g r l c l ` l

c k d l d d g c v k n a .

U g n d k j k l r g n d a s ð t r g s v g ` g s # -

•p lrl t g n g r u n l p l r t g d g s u v k n a d g

j g o a r ` l c k d l d ? g s t l g s . c l ` a s t u j f r g



M > ± >

• G n a t r l s p l r t g s n a s g ` a m g n s k n a &

c a s m r l n a s j l d u r a s # p l r l g c v k n a ` a

c a r l d a .

G n ekn j g z ` c l n l c m u n l s v g ` g s c l

u v l v g r d g ` a n c l q u g g s t ì d g j l s k l d a

j l d u r l .

R g r a g s t l s s a n g x ` g p ` k a n g s # y

y a s ð c a t r l t a d g g s t l f c g ` g r p r k n ` k p k a s 9 ?

p u g s q u l n d a g s t a s s g ` a n a ` g n # s g d g

d u ` g n e ì ` k c j g n t g c l s g x ` g p ` k a n g s j l sv g n t l o a s l s .

Dgc quktlr cl rlspl.

G c q u k t l r c l r l s p l g s s g p l r l r g s t l # p l r l n a g ` h l r c l l c ` u f a # y s u f s

t r l g r c l d g c l e g r j g n t l ` k ð n .

C l r l s p l n a g s u v l # y t k g n g j r

s l f a r ì s p g r a # y e u g r t g # q u g ` a j u

n k ` l l c v k n a 9 s g d g f g p u g s # q u k t l r c l #



ð n a 1 G s t l q ó g s t k a n g s e ì ` kc d g r g /s a c v g r . •

C l ` l c k d l d d g c l u v l # s u m r l d a

d g * j l d u r g z # . y c l ` c l s g d g v k n a q u g

s g q u k g r g h l ` g r # d g f g s g r c l r gm cl .*

C l r l s p l s a c l n a d ì v k n a # p g r a

l u j g n t l m g n g r l c j g n t g c l v k n a s k d l d .

Na quktlr cl rlspl/ •

N a s g d g f g q u k t l r c l r l s p l g n

c l s v k ü l s k n e g r k a r g s # n k g n c a s ` c k j l s

h ÿ j g d a s # p a r q u g * g c s l f a r ì s p g r a d ë

* c l r l s p l e a r t l c g ` g c l k n s k p k d g z n l t u r l c

d g g s t a s v k n a s .P k g s t a s s a n g x p u g s t a s ì g n m r l

s l r s g # s k s g ` a n s g r v l n ` a n d k e k ` u c t l d #

. q u l n d a s a n p a ` a v k n a s a s # q u l n d a c l

* g s t l ` k ð n g s e rê l ± g n t a n ` g s c l r l s p l

* v k g n g ì s g r u n e g r j g n t a ÿ t k c * # ? q u g d ì



( ; 8 +

r g g l c k g n t l n k m u l c j g n t g # y e g r j g n t l n .

$ l r l p r a d u ` k r u n c k ` a r g s p k r k t a s a # y

s k s g d kr km g f k g n s u e g r j g n t l ` k ð n # r g

s u c t l g c v k n a . L s k g s ` a j a s g e a r j l

g c v k n a d g u v l s # d g m u k n d l s # d g m r a

s g c c l s # d ë l r h g r ` h k m a s Ol s k d r l d g

j l n z l n l s f d g p g r l s # g c h k d r a j k g c #

v k n a g x ` g c g n t g # q u g s g h l ` g ` a n j k g c

y l m u l p u g s t a s ì e g r j g n t l r .

C a s m r l n a s ` a j a g c t r k m a # g ca r d k a # ð ` g f l d l p u g s t a s g n . e g r j g n

t l ` k ð n d l n t l j f k ë n g c v k n a ` a n a ` k d a

` a n g c n a j f r g d g ` g r v g z l .

G c p l n ÿ c t k j l j g n t g n a g s j l s

q u g g c r g s u c t l d a d g c l e g r j g n t l ` k ð nd g i h l r k n l # y g c l m u l ? t a d a s # c a s

c k ` a r g s g s p k r k t a s a s # t a d a s c a s v k r ka s

d l n l m u l r d k g n t g p a r j g d k a d g c l d g s

t k c l ` k ð n # y l u n c l c g ` h g # q u g p a s

c l egrj gntl`kðn s g ` a l v k g r t g k m u l c j g n *



@ A \ +

t g g n u n c k ` a r g s p k r k t a s a # p r a d u ` g u n

g x ` g c g n t g l m u l r d k g n t g .

P a c a d g c a s e r u t a s d u c ` g s # y l z u

` l r l d a s # c a r g p k t a # s g s l ` l v k n a # y

l m u l r d k g n t g # y s k c l u v l g s g n t r g t a

d a s c a s e r u t a s g c q u g d ì j l s v k n a # y

g c j g o a r v k n a g s # p a r q u g g s g c q u g

` a n t k g n g j l s l z ÿ ` l r ? g n c l s p l s l s #

q u g s g t r l g n d g p l ê s g s ` ì c k d a s s g v g

g c l z ÿ ` l r ` h r k s t l c k z l d a # y d k g z c k f r l sd g g s t l u v l p u d k g r l n d l r u n l d g l z ÿ

` l r r g e k n l d a .

Dgeknk`kðn dg cl egrjgntl`kðn.

C l e g r j g n t l ` k ð n g s u n j a v k j k g n

t a q u g s g g x ` k t l p a r s k j k s j a g n c l s

s u f s t l n ` k l s l r r k f l d k ` h l s ` a n c l l y u

d l d g c l y r g # d g c l m u l # y d g c ` l c a r .



2 ² 3 > 0

Pgülcgs dg cl egrjgntl`kðn.

P g r g ` a n a ` g c l e g r j g n t l ` k ð n d g c

j a s t a g n g s t l s s g ü l c g s # s g d g o l n U g r

` k g r t l s l j p a c c l s d g l y r g g n c l s u p g r

ek`kg d g c c k q u k d a ? c u g m a s g c g v l n t l n

a t r l s d g c ` g n t r a # y s u f g n t l j f k g ì

c l s u p g r e k ` k g # y s u t r l n s k t a p a r g n

t r g g c c k q u k d a l m k t l d a p r a d u ` g u n l g s

p g ` k g d g skcvkda.

Dg cl egrjgntl`kðn tujuctuasl.

C l e g r j g n t l ` k ð n s g l u j g n t l g nr l z ð n d g c v a c u j g n d g c l j l s l . G n

t a n ` g s p l r g ` g u n c k q u k d a # q u g h k g r

v g 9 u n l s m a t l s s g c g v l n t l n y v u g c

v g n ì ` l g r 9 g c c k ` a r s g t u r f l # t a d a

g s t ì ` a n e u n d k d a # y l m k t l d a 9 c a s ekcl*



j g n t a s # c l p g c ê ` u c l # c l p g p k t l # y c lr l s p l j k s j l s a n g j p u o l d a s # l r r a o l

d a s # g c g v l d a s # p r g ` k p k t l d a s h l s t l q u g

l c ekn u n l p l r t g f l x l l c e a n d a # j k g n

t r l s c l a t r l s g c g v l n t l ì c l s u p g r e k ` k g #

y e a r j l c l ` l p l d g c l ` a s g ` h l ( q u g

g n g s t g p l k s c c l j l n ` l p k c c l d l + . G c

v a c u j g n d g c l j l s l s g l u j g n t l # y

g c c k ` a r s g g c g v l s a f r g s u n k v g c . C l s

l j p a c c l s q u g n a ` g s l n d g d g s p r g n

d g r s g # y ì c l s q u l c g s g c g s p g s a r y

c l t g n l ` k d l d d g c l ` a s t r l d g c l ` l p l

a p a n g n r g s k s t g n ` k l # s g l f r g n ` l j k n a #

y p r a d u ` g n u n l g s p u j l l f u n d l n t g .

G c ` l c a r s g l u j g n t l ì p r a p a r ` k ð n d gk#

c l g n g r m ê l d g c l e g r j g n t l ` k ð n ? l c ` l

f a d g l c m ÿ n t k g j p a g c j a v k j k g n t a

l e ca x l # c l j l s l v u g c v g ì s u n l t u r l c

v a c u j g n o g c c k ` a r s g l ` c l r l # y d ì

ekn c l e g r j g n t l ` k ð n t u j u c t u a s l .



( < 2 6 +

G s t l e g r j g n t l ` k ð n g s a f r l d g lc*/* m u n a s d k l s # y ì v g ` g s d g l c m u n l s h a

r l s # s u p r a d u ` t a g s g c v k n a .

Dg cl egrjgntl`kðn skcgn`kasl.

H l y u n l e g r j g n t l ` k ð n s g ` u n d l

r k l # q u g s g v g r k e k ` l n a g n g c ` u f a #

s k n a g n c l s ` u f l s # y g s c l q u g p g r

e g ` ` k a n l g c v k r k a # c c l j ì n d a s g s k cg n

` k a s l # p a r q u g g s ` l s k k n s g n s k f c g . P u s

g e g ` t a s s a n g c U k n a j l d u r a # c l s h g *

z g s q u g s g d g p a s k t l n g n g c e a n d a d g c

t a n g c # ð c l ` u f l # y g c t ì r t l r a q u g

s g p g m l g n c l ` k r ` u n e g r g n ` k l k n t g r k a r .

. Uk`kas dg cl egrjgntl`kðn.-

- W n l j l s l d g u v l s l f l n d a n l d l

k s k j k s j l s g p a n d r ê l l m r kl # y s g



p u d r k r ê l # y n a d l r ê l v k n a 9 p a r q u gn a g s c l n l t u r l c g z l c l . q u g c a h l ` g #

s k n a g c l r t g ? l q u g c c l n a d l s k n a c a s

j l t g r k l c g s # y g s t g d g f g d k r ' k r c l e g r

j g n t l ` k ð n # c l q u g n g ` g s k t l g c ` a n

` u r s a d g l m g n t g s g s t g r ê a r g s k ` a j a g c

l m u l # g c l y r g # y g c ` l c a r .

Dgc# lmul. .

C l s u v l s s g ` l s n a p a d r ê l n e g r

j g n t l r # p a r q u g ` l r g ` g n d g l m kt l f y

g s p r g ` k s a l m r g m ì r s g c l . C a j k s j a s u

` g d g ì c l ` g f l d l # q u g s kn l m u l n a

p r a d u ` k r ê l ` g r v g z l # y d g c j k s j a j a d a c l n g ` g s k t l c l j k g c # p l r l P f r j l r

g c g x ` g c g n t g v k n a ` a n a ` k d a f l x a g c

n a j f r g d g h k d r a j k g c .



2 3 H +

•# Dgc lyrg.

G c * j a s t a p u g s t a g n f a t g c c l s ` g r

r l d l s p g r e g ` t l j g n t g s g j l n t g n d r ì j a s

t a # y n a e g r j g n t l r ì # p a r q u g n a t k g

n g l y r g k . d g g s t g j a d a §g ` a n s g r v l

u n l ü a g n t g r a . R g r a g n g c j k s j a k n s

t l n t g g n q u g . s g c g r g s t k t u y l g c l y r g #

s g g s t l f c g ` g c l e g r j g n t l ` k ð n # y ` a n

t l n t l j l s l ` t k v k d l d # q u l n t a j l s t kg j /

p a h l g s t l d a ` a j p r k j k d l .

Dgc `lcar.

G s t g j k s j a j a s t a p u g s t a g n g c

h k g c a n a e g r j g n t l r ì # p a r q u g g s t ì p r k

v l d a d g ` l c a r # . y p a r q u g g n g c m r l

d a d g h k g c a n a ` l f g e g r j g n t l ` k ð n .

G c l m u l p u g s # g c l y r g # y g c ` l *

http://ayrei.de/

http://que.se/

http://que.se/

http://ayrei.de/



( c 2 5 +

` l c a r f l s t l p l r l a f r l r c l e g r j g n t l ` k ð n 9 p g r a sk c l g s t l ` k ð n e u g s g f l s

t l n t g e r kl p l r l r g t l r d l r c l # y p l r l d g

f k c k t l r s u ` u r s a # s g g j p g z l r ì p a r r g

v a c v g r e u g r t g j g n t g g c e r u t a ` a n u n l

p l c l ð h l z l d l d g j l d g r l d g u n j l n

m a ê l r m a .

G s t g j a v k j k g n t a g x ` k t l g c ` l c a r #

d g s ` a j p a n g # d g s u n g c a s p r k n ` k p k a s

d g c j a s t a # y c a s d k s p a n g l c j a v k

j k g n t a .

P k s g g ` h l s g n g n g c ` u f a u n l 5

j l s ` l c d g r l d l s d g j a s t a h k r v k g n d a # n l

d l s g r k l ` l p l z d g l ` g c g r l r j l s c l e g r

j g n t l ` k ð n # e u g r l d g q u ë g s t g j ë t a d a ` a n t r k f u y g ì j g o a r l r g c v k n a . D g s

p u ë s s g d g f g n ` g r r l r p u g r t l s # y v g n

t l n l s # p a n k g n d a p a r ÿ c t k j a e u g m a g n

ê l f a d g m l g n u n f r l s g r a g n ` g n d k d a .

G n t a n ` g s k n j g d k l t l j g n t g sg g s *



« s p u r m l n t g # y n a p u g d g ` a n s g r v l r * /s g g n g s t g g s t l d a .

H l e g r j g n t l d a g c j a s t a 1 R u g s

y l s g c g n a t l u n f g c c a ` a c a r r a x a #

a c a r p g n g t r l n t g # u n m u s t a v k v a # y

l m r l d l f c g . P k s g f g f g ` a n g x ` g s a # g j

f r k l m l # y p u g d g ` a n s g r v l r s g l ü a s g n * #

t g r a s .

P a c a l c s l f k a p g r t g n g ` g r g j a n *

t l r l c l ` l u s l d g g s t a s e g n ð j g n a s # y

s a c a g c h a j f r g q u g # h l t g n k d a u n l

f u g n l g d u ` l ` k ð n p a d r ì g n t g n d g r g'

c g n m u l m g d g c l s ` k g n ` k l s .

F l s t g a f s g r v l r l q u k # q u g t a d l

g s t l j l t g r k l l z u ` l r l d l t l n l f u n d l n t gg n ë c j a s t a h l s k d a d g s ` a j p u g s t l #

p l r l e a r j l r c l p l r t g g s p k r k t a s l d g c v k

n a # g c l m u l r d k g n t g 9 p a r q u g c a q u g

k j p a r t l s l f g r l c v k ü l d a r g s # q u g u n l

c k f r l d g l z ÿ ` l r d ì p a r c l e g r j g n t l *



2 < * 4 +

R l r l s l ` l r g s t g j a s t a s g p a n gc l u v l g n c l p r g n s l # y c ì j l s c k m g

r l p r g s k ð n f l s t l p l r l g x t r l g r c a s kn q u g

c l r l s p l c g c c g m u g ì ` a j u n k ` l r s u l s

p g r g z l .

Dg cl dkspask`kðn dg cas `ufas.

L n t g s d g g ` h l r g c e r u t a ì c a s ` u

f a s # s g t a j l c l p r g ` l u ` k ð n d g c l

v l r c a s ` a n l m u l ` l c k g n t g .

H l y p l ê s g s g n q u g t k g n g n c l ` a s

t u j f r g d g f l ü l r g c k n t g r k a r d g c ` u * -

f a ` a n u n l ð j l s j l n a s d g c g ` h l

d l d ë ` l c l p l m l d l g n l m u l .C l p r a p a r ` k ð n d g c l ` l c d g f g

v l r k l r d g s d g u n l a n z l h l s t l d a s p a r

v g k n t g y ` k n ` a ` l n t l r a s d g j a s t a .

P k g c ` u f a ` a n t k g n g t r g k n t l ` l r *

m l c # g s p r g ` k s a q u g s g g j p c g g n g n



\ ckl c s g g v k t l ` a n c l t l p l .T l j f k ë n t k g n g a t r l v g n t l o l h l r

t a k j p a r t l n t g # y g s g c d l r ` a c a r l c

U k n a ? g c ` a c a r d g u n v k n a g n q u g g s

t g l s k h u n d k d l c l f r k s l ð r l s p l ± g s

s k g j p r g h g r j a s a # y j u y p r g e g r k f c g

l c d g c a s v k n a s t g ü k d a s ` a n z u j a s

d g s k cv g s t r g s e r u t a s # d g q u g n a * g s c k

` k t a u s l r .

@ a c a ` l d l c l t l p l d g f g r ì j k r l r s g

` a n r g s p g t a g c e r u t a # y n a j m v g r

c a # n k p g r t u r f l r c a .

P g d g f g ` g r r l r c l p u g r t l d g c l

f a d g m l # y n a g n t r l r h l s t l g c p u n t a

d g s l ` l r g c v k n a . G n c c g m l n d a g s t gt k g j p a # s g s l ` l g c v k n a # q u g * t g n d r ì &

t t n m r l d a d g ` l c a r d g l m u l d g f l ü a . 9

g u ` a c a r g s p g r e g ` t a # ` a n s g r v l t a d a

s u a c a r f l c s ì j k ` a # y s u m u s t a g s v k *

y a 9 p g r a s g n ` k c ca y l m r l d l f c g .



A 6 2 +

G c q u g n a p u g d g h l f g r c a p a r sk s ð

c a # t a j l o a r n l c g r a s # y t a d a p l r l

g ` h l r c a ì p g r d g r s u v k n a .

N a s g s l f g s k c a q u g p r g t g n d g

h l ` g r g s v k n a ð v k n l m r g # p a r q u g g^

v k n a q u g s l ` l p l r l r a ` k l r c l s u p g r

ek`kg d g c ` u f a g s t l n d a y l e a r j l d a #

n a p u g d g j g n a s d g l m r k l r s g # y l s k

g c t l c ` u f a g s u n ` a j p u g s t a d g v k

n a y d g v k n l m r g .\ u l n d a s l ` l g c v k n a l p g n l s s l

c g t k f k a # ±y ` ð j a p a d r ê l t g n g r ` l c a r

g n u n ` u f a r g s e r k l d a ` a n u n p k s l r y

u n l r a ` k l d u r l ` a n t k n u l 1

C l ` l p l d g c l ` a s g ` h l d g s t k n l

d l p a r c l n l t u r l c g z l p l r l ` a n s g r v l r

g c g s p ê r k t u d g c v k n a l f k g r t l l c p l s a

q u g s g v l e a r j l n d a # d g x l g s ` l p l r

g s t a s g s p ê r k t u s .

Ë n t r g s g g n u n a d g g s t a s * p k s l d g *



r a s # y t a d a s c a s s g n t k d a s s a n j a r t k ek`ldas d g s l m r l d l f c g j g n t g # c l v ks tl *

p a r c l s u ` k g d l d d g c ` u f a # y s u ` k r

` u n e g r g n ` k l r g m l d l d g v k n a ? g c a c el

t a p a r c l l ` k d g z d g g s t g v k n a d g r r l

j l d a g n g c s u g c a # y g c m u s t a p a r g c

s l f a r v l p a r a s a q u g d g x l g n c l f a ` l

g c l y r g q u g s g r g s p k r l .

C a s k n s g ë c a s q u g s g c c g v l n d g c l

v k ü l ` a n c l r l s p l g n q u g g s t l f l n l c a

o l d a s # y c a s j a s q u k t a s k n u n d l n c a s

f a r d g s d g c ` u f a # = c l s u p g r e k ` k g d g c

e r u t a .

@ a j p ì r g s g g s t g ` u f a k a t r a g n

q u g g c v k n a e g r j g n t g ` u f k g r t a ` a n s ut l p l . G n g s t g s g v g g c j l y a r l s g a #

y g x p k d g u n l m r l d l f c g a c a r d g l m u l r #

d k g n t g # s k n h l f g r u n k n s g d a # p a r q u g

h l n p g r g ` k d a t a d a s # n k u n j a s q u k

t a # p a r q u g n a p u g d g n l t r l v g s l r c l s



2 / 0

Dg sl`lr gc vkna?

G c s l ` l r g c v k n a t k g n g p a r a f o g /

t a g c s u f s t r l g r c a d g c l e g r j g n t l ` k ð n *

t u j u c t u a s l d g c ` u f a # q u g n a p a d r ê l

j g n a s d g l c t g r l r c a ` a n u n l d g t g n ` k ð n

g x ` g s k v l # p a r q u g g c v k n a n g ` g s k t l u n l

e g r j g n t l ` k ð n s g ` u n d l r k l # c g n t l # ë k n

s g n s k f c g .

C l e g r j g n t l ` k ð n t u j u c t u a s l h l

d g s u n k d a * c a s p r k n ` k p k a s ` a n s t k t u t k v a 1

d g c j a s t a p l r l ` a n v g r t k r c a s g n U k n a #

v y c l e g r j g n t l ` k ð n s g ` u n d l r k l ` a n v k n l

c a s p r k n ` k p k a s d g g s t g .

G c j a j g n t a d g s l ` l r ca g s m g n g

r l c j g n t g k n ` k g r t a p l r l g c v k ü l d a r . P g

d u d l # s g ` a n s u c t l # y ` a j u n j g n t g

- s g s l ` l d g j l s k l d a t l r d g 9 p g r a l p g ^

s l r d g g s t a g c s l ` l r g c v k n a t k g n g r g *



A H +

m c l s ` k g r t l s # q u g s g g s t l f c g ` g r ì n j l s

l f l x a .

W n a s g s p g r l n ì q u g n a s g p g r

` k f l g s p u j l g n c l s u p g r e k ` k g # a t r a s

ì q u g g c v k n a q u g s l ` l n n a e a r j g

l j p a c c l s g n g c v l s a ? g c u n a l m k t l

g c v k n a p l s ì n d a c a d g u n v l s a ì a t r a

p l r l f u s ` l r g s t l g s p u j l y g s t l s l j

p a c c l s # y sk c l s g n ` u g n t r l # n a s l ` l

g c v k n a ? g c a t r a q u k g r g o u z m l r p a r g c

` a c a r d g s u v k n a # ` a j a Pk s u p g r e g `

` k ð n d g p g n d k g s g d g l q u g c .

G c v k n a t g n d r ì s k g j p r g f l s t l n t g

` a c a r # s k s g h l ` a j p r k j k d a c l r l s p l

g n g c j a s t a ` a n g c l u x k c k a d g?

c lt l p l .

T a d l s g s t l s s g ü l c g s p u g s s a n g q u k

v a ` l s # y g c ` a n e k l r g n g c c l s g s t l r

d l r d g j l s k l d a g n s l ` l r g c v k n a .

* * H l y d a s e g r j g n t l ` k a n g s o c l u n l



2 / 7 +

t u j u c t u a s l q u g s g a f r l g n &gc ` u f a #

y cl a t r l s g ` u n d l r k l # q u g s g v g r k e k

` l g n c a s t a n g c g s ð ` u f l s .

P k s g d ` x l q u g c l e g r j g n t l ` k ð n

t u j u c t u a s l l ` l f g ð p g r e g ` ` k a n g g c v k

n a # c a q u g n a d g f g s u ` g d g r #• s k n a

g r t c l e g r j g n t l ` k ð n s g ` u n d l r k l # ± g n

q u ë v g n d r ì ì p l r l r g s t g v k n a g n c l

` u f l 1 \ u l n d a g n c l p r k j l v g r l l p u n 1

t l g c p ì j p l n a # g n c l v k ü l # q u l n d a.sg p a n g g n ecar # q u l n d a s g e a r j l c l

u v l ¹ # p a r q u g g n t a d as ^ g s t a s t k g j p a s

t r l f l o l g c v k n a # s g g x ` k t l g n ë c u n

c g v g j a v k j k g n t a d g e g r j g n t l ` k ð n # q u g

g a n v k n l n d a s u s p r k n ` k p k a s ` a j p c g t l ê l

e a r j l ` k ð n d g c v k n a . ^ 9

W n v k n a q u g g s t u f k g s g m l s t l d a 9

d k m ì j a s c a l s k # q u l n d a s g s l ` l d g c

` u f a # n a p a d r ê l r g s k s t k r g c j a v k j k g n r

tsa q u g c g g s p g r l g n c l ` u f l # y g et *



T k ± 5 +

t a n ` ë s ð s g g n m r l s l r ê l # 5 s g p a t e r

l r k l l m r k a .

Tkgjpa dg sl`lr gc vkna/

P k c l u v l l d q u k r k ð s u p g r e g ë T ¹

t n l d u r g z # s k g s d u c ` g y l z u ` l r l d l ^

± k c l v g n d k j k l s g h l h g ` h a ` a n f u g n

t k g j p a o # s k g c ` u f a s g h l c c g n l d a g n

W n d k l # s k h l g s t l d a ` u f k g r t a ` a n s u

t l p l # y s k c l j l s l ð ` l n t k d l d d g u v l

g s ` a n s k d g r l f c g # g n t a n ` g s c l e g r j g n

t l ` k ð n t u j u c t u a s l n a t l r d l r ì g n g s t l

f c g ` g r s g # y c g f l s t l r ì n t r g s ð q u l t r a

•¡dkls 9 p g r a s g r ì j l s c g n t l s k c l s d k ` h l s ` k r ` u n s t l n ` k l s e l v a r l f c g s n a g x k s

t g n .

N a s g p u g d g ekxlr g c t k g j p a

K e u g g c v k n a d g f g g s t l r g n g c ` u f a #

e a r q u g g s t a d g p g n d g d g ` kr ` un st l n/ .



A 1 +

têls g n c l j l y a r p l r t g k n d g p g n d k g n

t g s # t l c g s ` a j a c l j l d u r g z # g c ` l/

c a r # % ` .

C a s f u g n a s v k n a s d g F a r m a ü l

` a n a ` k d a s f l x a g c n a j f r g d g p r k j g

r l ` c l s g g s t ì n p a ` a t k g j p a g n g c ` u /

f a 9 s g k s * # ð ì c a j l s d a ` g h a r l s c g s

f l s t l n . k

G c v k n a g s p u j a s a d g @ h l j p l ü l

n a g s t ì g n g c ` u f a j l s d g v g k n t g y

q u l t r a h a r l s .

R g r a d g t a d a s j a d a s q u g c l e g r

j g n t l ` k ð n t u j u c t u a s l t l r d g j l s ð j g /

n a s g n g s t l f c g ` g r s g # y s g l j l s ð j g r

n a s l ë H v l # s g d g f g s l ` l r g c v k n a p a rc l s s g ü l c g s s k m u k g n t g s .

G c p l c l d l r g s g c ÿ n k ` a o u g z ìd

t k g j p a d g g x g ` u t l r c a ? p a r ` a n s k m u k g n

t g # q u l n d a k c l e g r j g n t l ` k ð n s g l p l /

` k m u l 0 s g s l ` l u n p a ` a d g v k n a > y



2 6 ; +

#* Dgc safrëjasca?

G c v k n a q u g a ` u p l g c j g d k a ð

` g n t r a d g c ` u f a g s g c s a f r g j a s t a g s r

• tg g s g c v k n a j l s c k m g r a y j l s d g

c k ` l d a .

Dgc vkna dg prgnsl# * ••# S

L ` l f l d a d g s l ` l r g c v k n a # s g c c g

v l g c a r u o a ð f r k s l ì c l p r g n s l # g n

c l q u l c s g s l ` l l u n f l s t l n t g ` l n t k d l d /

q u g s g c c l j l v k n a d g p r g n s l .

J u ` h l s v g ` g s s g o u n t l ` a n g cd g c ` u f a ? g s t g v k n a g s j g n a s d g c k

` l d a q u g g c s a f r g j a s t a # p g r a g s j l s

t g n k d a d g ` a c a r .

ê Dgc



( k 0 a +

Fgc vkna dg sugrtgs.

P g ` a r t l c l j l s l d g f r k s l s # y s g

p r g n s l d g n u g v a h l s t l t r g s v g ` g s # ` a n

- k a q l g s g # h l ` g v k n a d g p r k j g r l # s g *

m u n d l # y t g r ` g r l s u g r t g .

G c d g p r k j g r l g s g c j l s ` a c a r l

d a y g c j l s e u g r t g 9 g c d g c l s g m u n

d l p l r t k ` k p l d g c l p r k j g r l y d g c l t g r

` g r l # y g c d g g s t l g s j l s d u r ð # j l s

v g r d g # y j ì s ì s p g r a p a r c l j l y a r

k j p r g s k ð n d g c l r l s p l . *

G c v k n a d g g s t l s t r g s s u g r t g s j g z

` c l d a h l ` g u n v k n a j u y ` a c a r l d a #

j u y g n t g r a # y p a r c a t l n t a j u y

• d u r l f c g .

E r g ` u g n t g j g n t g c a s j g z ` c l n g n

c a s j l c a s v k ü g d a s @ a n c a s v k n a s d g c

` u f a - 9 p g r a c a s K n t g c k m g n t g s q u g f u s *



` l n c l ` l c k d l d d g c a s v k n a s c a s d k s t k n m u g n ` a n e l ` k c k d l d .

Dgc vkna dg cl `lpl ð

`lpkccudl/

P k g c e r u t a h l g s t l d a ` u f k g r t a

g n g c ` u f a ` a n c l t l p l # s k c l f r k s l

h l g s t l d a f l ü l d l ð u n d k d l g n g c v k

n a # c l p a r ` k ð n d g c l s u p g r e k ` k g g s

k m u l c ì c l d g j ì s # y p u g d g n j g z ` c l r

s g p l r l p r g n s l r c l s .

G n g c ` l s a ` a n t r l r k a g s p r g ` k s a

• s g p l rl r g s t l ` l p l ð s u p g r e k ` k g # p l r l

p r g n s l r c l s g p l r l d l j g n t g 9 p a r q u g g s t l p l r t g q u g 9 h l g s t l d a g x p u g s t l l ê

l y r g # y t l c v g z ` u f k g r t l d g j a h a #

g s t ì y l ` l s k ` a n v g r t k d l g n v k n l m r g #

g c q u g p a d r ì h l ` g r s g d g f u g n l ` l c k

d l d .



A s A

G s t a p r u g f l ` a n q u l n t l r l z ð n

s g h l d k ` h a # q u g g c ` a s g ` h g r a k m n a

r l n t g ` a n s u j ë t a d a v k ` k a s a d g p k

s l r # y d g s l ` l r g c v k n a h l ` g v k n l

m r g g n c u m l r d g v k n a .

G s e ì ` k c ` a n ` g f k r q u l n t a d g f g

l c t g r l r c a d g j ì s d g c v k n a # ì q u g s g

j g z ` c g g c v k n a g x p r k j k d a d g g s t l ` l

p l # v k n k g n d a ì s g r g s t g u n l g s p g ` k g

d g c g v l d u r l d g c l e g r j g n t l ` k ð n # q u g

* p r a d u ` g l c v k n l m r g .

C a s v k n a s d ë f k c g s n a p u g d g n s u

e rk r c l j g z ` c l d g g s t g v k n a s k n l m r k l r

s g # y g s t l g s # s k n q u g p u g d l d u

d l r s g c l ` l u s l d g q u g t l n t a s v k n a s s gl v k n l m r g n ë n c l s f a d g m l s .



2 0 4 +

l u j g n t l r c l v k n ð s k d l d d g c v k n a .

Dgc j ada dg `clrkek`lr gc

vkna

L u n q u g p u d k g r l ` a n t g n t l r j g ` a n

s a c a t r l d u ` k r c l p r g s g n t g k n s t r u ` ` k ð n 9

` a j a j k a f o g t a # y g c d g t a d a f u g n

@ k u d l d l n a / d g f g s g r c l u t k c k d l d p ÿ

f c k ` l # j g h l p l r g ` k d a j u y n g ` g s l

r k a g c l ü l d k r l q u k u n j ë t a d a p l r l

` cl r k e k` l r c a s v k n a s # a p g r l ` k ð n t l n k j

p a r t l n t g # ` a j a p a ` a ` a n a ` k d l d g c

` a j ÿ n d g c a s ` a s g ` h g r a s .

G c ÿ n k ` a j a d a d g ` c l rk e k ` lr g c

v k n a q u g ` a n a ` g n n u g s t r a s ` a s g ` h g

r a s g s g c d g c l s ` c l r l s d g h u g v a ð

c l s l n m r g # ÿ t k c ì c l v g r d l d # p g r a ` l *

Gstg `lpktuca gs lüldkdl



. 2 0 7 , +

r a # y n a e ì ` k c d g p r l ` t k ` l r s g q u l n *

d a s g q u k g r g .

R u g d g ` c l r k ek `l r s g ` a n ` l s ` l r l s

t a s t l d l s d g h u g v a s h g ` h l s p a c v a # ` a n

m r g d l # y ` a n s l c t a s t l d l 9 p g r a g s

j l s ÿ t k c # y c k j p k l c l m a j l l r ì f k m l #

s k g s f u g n l # c a q u g s g ` a n a ` g r ì g n

s u ` a c a r f c l n ` a l j l r k c c g n t a ? s g d g f g

u s l r g s t l f k g n j a c k d l # h g ` h l p a c v a

j u y ekna # y p l s l d a p a r t l j k z 9 f l s

t l unl anzl p l r l t r g k n t l y t r g s ` l n

t l r a s d g v k n a 9 s g g ` h l r ì p a ` a ì p a

` a g n c l ` u f l # y s g j g n g l r ì s u l

v g j g n t g ` a n u n p l c a # p l r l q u g s g

r g p l r t l p a r t a d a ` a n k m u l c d l d .C l ` a c l d g p g s ` l d a g s t l c v g z

c a j g o a r # y c l m a j l # q u ë j l s s g

W sl # p l r l ` c lr ke k` l r g c v k n a ? g s t l p l

r l s g r f u g n l h l d g s g r ` c l r l # y t r l n s

p l r g n t g ? s g p k s l r ì # ð j a c g r ì ` a n u n



j l z a # y s g d g s c g k r ì g n v k n a # q u ¹s g k r ì l u j g n t l n d a ì • j g d k d l q u g c l

` a c l v l y l c k q u k d ì n d a s g - # ë k n ` a r p a

r ì n d a s g ` a n g c v k n a .

@ a n W n l a n z l p a d r l n ` cl r ke k` l r

s g d g t r g s ì q u l t r a ` l r m l s d g d kg z&

` l n t l r a s c u g m a q u g g s t ë d g s c g k d l s g

` a c l r ì p a r u n c k g n z a # y s g g ` h l r ì g n

c l ` u f l p a ` a ì p a ` a r g v a c v k g n d a g c

v k n a ` a n u n p l c a ð p l c l d g j l d g r l

s u l v g j g n r g .

N a g s n g ` g s l r k a l d v g r t k r q u g g ro

t a d a s g s t a s s k j p c g s h l d g s g r c l d a

s ks ì. p r a p a r ` k ð n d g c v k n a q u g s g h l

d g ` c l r k e k ` l r .

G s p r g ` k s a c a s p r k j g r a s d k l s n a

t l p l r d g c t a d a c l f a ` l d g c l ` u f l #

p l r l q u g ` a n c l ` a j u n k ` l ` k ð n d g c

l y r g v l y l n p k g ` k p k t l n d a s g c a s p a c v a s

p a ` a ì p a ` a # p u g s s kn ë c s g p r g ` k r



2 0 . = +

p k t l r ê l n d g V g p g n t g l c e a n d a s k n W t k c k d l d n k n m u n l

Dg cl vknðskdld dgc vkna.

C l f u g n l ` l c k d l d d g c v k n a n a

d g p g n d g ÿ n k ` l j g n t g d g c j a d a d g h l

` g r c a 9 p g r a g c j ë t a d a ` a n t r k f u y g ì

g c c a j u ` h a j l s d g c a S q u g ` r g g g c

` a s g ` h g r a . P u g c g q u g o l r s g d g c l t k g r

r l y d g c ` c k j l # y d g f k l q u g o l r s g j l s

d g s k j k s j a # s k n a h l ` g f u g n a s v k

n a s . S

N a h l y d u d l q u g g c t g r r g n a # s u

s k t u l ` k ð n # g c ` u c t k v a # g c l ü a # S g c ` c k*j l g n ekn t k g n g n u n m r l n d g k j ü u x a

s a f r g c l v k ü l # y s a f r g s u e r u t a .

C a s v k n a s d g p l ê s g s ` ì c k d a s j l s

g s p k r k t a s a s d l n h l s t l u n l t g r ` g r l p l r

t g d g l m u l r d k g n t g # j k g n t r l s q u g<

cas*



2 0 8 +

d g p l ê s g s j l s e r ê a s l p g n l s d l n c l d g

` k j l p l r t g .

@ k g r t l j g n t g g s u n l m r l n d k e g

r g n ` k l . # y p a r q u g 1 N a h l y a t r l ` l u

s l q u g c l j l y a r j l d u r g z d g c l u v l .

G n c a s f u g n a s l r k a s j l d u r l p g r e g `

t l j g n t g # y g n c a s ` c k j l s ` ì c k d a s g s

j l s ` a n s t l n t g g s t l j l d u r g z .

U g d l q u ê p a r q u g g n c a s f u g n a s

l ü a s s g h l ` g j g o a r v k n a # y p a r q u g

g n c a s ` ck rr kl s ` ì c k d a s s g h l ` g s k g j

p r g f u g n a .

[ p a r q u ë k n e c u y g c l j l d u r g z t l n

g s g n ` k 1 O j g n t g s a f r g c l ` l c k d l d d g c v k

n a 1 O 1 a r q u g g c P a c j l d u r l n d a c l u v l #d g s g n v u g c v g g n g c c l c l j l t g r k l l z u

` l r l d l # y g n j l y a r ` l n t k d l d g n c a s

p l u s g s g n q u g t k g n g j l s l ` ` k ð n g c P a c 9

« s k g c s u ` a ð z u j a d g g s t l s t k g r r l s

ls p g m l o a s a y j g c a s a d g l z ÿ ` l r ? g s *



0 20;+

t l s u v l s q u l n d a s g s g ` l n t k g n g n u n

v g r d l d g r a l z ÿ ` l r ` h r k s t l c k z l d a p l r g

` k d a l c q u g d l cl ` l ü l d g l z ÿ ` l r .

G c lzÿ`lr p u g s # y g c lzÿ`lr

s a c a g s g c q u g d l g c v k n a ? u n l c k f r l

d k s u g c t l g n l m u l # y p u g s t l ì e g r j g n

t l r d l p k n t l y j g d k l d g l m u l r d k g n t g .

C l j k g c d k s u g c t l g n l m u l # y

p u g s t l ì e g r j g n t l r d l v k n a # y m r l n

` l n t k d l d d g l m u l r d k g n t g .G c z u j a d g l m r l z # q u g g s j u y

ì ` k d a # j g z ` c l d a ` a n l z ÿ ` l r d l f u g n

v k n a ? c a j k s j a s u ` g d g ` a n c l m r a

s g c c l # q u g e g r j g n t l n d a ` a n l z ÿ ` l r #

p r a d u ` g g x ` g c g n t g v k n a .

P g s k m u g p u g s d g g s t a s p r k n ` k

p k a s q u g g n c a s p l ê s g s g n q u g g c ` l

c a r d g c P a c d g s g n v u g c v g d ë f k c j g n t g

h j l t g r k l l z u ` l r l d l d g c l u v l # g s

n g ` g s l r k a l ü l d ê r s g c l 9 y q u g g n c a s



2 4 2

d a s l q u l t r a c kf r l s p a r p k g z l d ë

v g k n t g y ` k n ` a ` l n t l r a s # c a q u g d g

f g l r r g m c l r c l p r u d g n ` k l d g c ` a s g ` h g

r a ì v k s t l d g c m r l d a d g j l d u r g z d g

c l u v l . P k g c l ü a g s f u g n a # s k ` a

j u n j g n t g s g m u l r d l f k g n g c v k n a g n

v u g s t r a s p l ê s g s # s k t k g n g f l s t l n t g v k

n ð s k d l d ð g s p ê r k t u # n a l ü l d ì k s j l

t g r k l l z u ` l r l d l # p a r q u g n a g s n g ` g

s l r k a 9 p g r a s k c a h l ` ë k s # v u g s t r av k n a s g r ì j l s g s p k r k t a s a # y j l s

l m r l d l f c g .

P u p a n m l j a s u n j l c l ü a g n q u g

n a g s t ë j l d u r l c l u v l # y q u g g s t ë

c c g n l d g l s j l # g n g s t g ` l s a s u s u *` a ð z u j a sg r ì p a ` a l z u ` l r l d a # y

t l r d a ì e g r j g n t l r .

N a s g s l ` l r ì d g t l c u v l j l s

q u g . . u n v k n a s kn ` a c a r # ì s p g r a # ì ` k

d a # s k n l r a j l y q u g n a . p a d r ì l ` k l *



r l r s g # y q u g g n ekn n a p l s l r ì g c l n a n a p u d k g n d a s g r v k r n k l u n l u n p l r l

h l ` g r f u g n v k n l m r g .

G n a t r a ` u f a d g g s t l j k s j l u v l

g ` h l d q u l t r a ð ` k n ` a c kf r l s d g j k g c

ð d g l z ÿ ` l r g n f r u t a p a r p k g z l d g

v g k n t g y ` k n ` a ` l n t l r a s # y c a m r l

r g k s u n v k n a q u g e g r j g n t l r ì p r a n t l

j g n t g # y s g r ì l m r l d l f c g # g s p k r k t a s a

y ` a c a r l d a # q u g s g ` a n s g r v l r ì j u

` h a s l ü a s # y j g o a r ì n d a s g j l s ` l

d l d k l ? s g d a f c l q u l n d a j g n a s g c#

p l r g ` k ð d g g s t g v k n a .

P g j u y f k g n q u g g c ` a s g ` h g r a

d u d l r ì * h l ` g r g s t g m l s t a s a f r g t a d aU k g n d a c l ` l r g s t ê l l ` t u l c d g c l z ÿ ` l r

y c l j k g c 9 p g r a c l p l z q u g r g l n k j l

r ì g c ` a j g r ` k a # y d k s j k n u k r ì g c p r g

` k a d g g s t l s j l t g r k l s # c g p g r j k t k r ì

« n l d g c l n t g c l l d a p ` k ð n d g g s t g



2 4 0 +

j ë t a d a .

P k g c ` a s g ` h g r a s u p k g s g q u l n t a

j g o a r l r ê l p a r g s t g j ë t a d a c a s v k n a s

d g d ë f k c ` l c k d l d # n a d u d l r ê l g c g j

p c g l r c a l p g s l r d g c l ` l r g s t ê l d g c l z ÿ

` l r .

G c v k ü l d a r d u d l r ì l u n j l s p a r

s u s p r g a ` u p l ` k a n g s 9 u n a g ` h l l c ` u

f a u n s l ` a d g m r l n a s d g j a s t l z l # a t r a

l c u j f r g # g s t g ` g n k z l # l q u g c ` l c # yu n a s y a t r a s r g u s l r ì n g ` h l r l z ÿ ` l r #

y ` l c v k v l ( k + .

P g d ì ekn ì g s t g ` l p ê t u c a # r g

p k t k g n d a # q u g g c l z ÿ ` l r h l ` g g c v k *

r n a 9 q u g * c a s e r u t a s n a d l n v k n a s k *

( k + Hg afsgrvlda # qug cl `lc*dgfg g`hlrsg lc vkna lc sl`lrca ì cls•`ufls # parqug gn gccls afrl dg unjada ju`ha jls gek`lz. -- .«.

(Gc Lutar+.



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n a g n r l z ð n d g c a ! l z u ` l r l d a s*

q u ë

s a n 9 q u g q u l n t a j l s l z ÿ ` l r t k g n g n #

s a n j l s v k n a s a s 9 q u g g c P a c g s g c

q u g p r a d u ` g g c l z ÿ ` l r # q u g q u l n

d a g c ` c k j l ð c l g s t l ` k ð n p r k v l n ì

c l u v l d g j l t g r k l l z u ` l r l d l # s g . c g

d g f g l ü l d k r # o a r q u g g c l z ÿ ` l r q u g

n l t u r l c j g n t g t k g n g c l u v l # g s g c d g

c l j k s j l g s p g ` k g q u g g c l z ÿ ` l r a r

Arte de Hacer El Vino (1803)

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