Aqua Sp..Presentation

8/2/2019 Aqua Sp..Presentation

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TITLE :

AQUACULTURE SPECIES (2)

TENAGA PENGAJAR : CIK HIDAYAH BT MUHAMMAD TAUFIK

NAMA AHLI KUMPULAN:

NORSHAZIRA BT AZIZ (D034608)

NORFATIN BT KAMA (D034635)

ZURAINI BT AHMAD (D034672)NOR DALILA BT MOHD (D034697)

NUR FADZILAH BT ZAKARIA (D034702)


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introduction

Machrobrachium sp is all about prawn species

which have scientific classification of kingdom

that is animalia and phylum of Anthropoda. Its

subphylum is crustacean and categorized in

Decapoda order and in Malacostraca class.

Machrobrachium sp in family of Palaemonidae

and genus of Machrobrachium.


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Selected Machrobrachium sp

1. Macrobrachium Lanchesteri

2. Machrobrachium malcolmsonii

3. Macrobrachium ohione4. Macrobrachium rosenbergii


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Macrobrachium lanchesteri

Scientific name:Macrobrachium lanchesteri

Common name: Glass prawn/rice prawn

Scientific classification

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Crustacea

Class: Malacostraca

Order: Decapoda

Family: Palaemonidae

Genus: Macrobrachium

Species:lanchesteri


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BIOLOGYGENERAL

CHARACTERISTICS

In the Malaysian areaovigerous females of

Macrobrachium lanchesteri

may have an overall length

of only 33 mm

The largest, a male, had an

overall length of 62 mm

is a relatively small species

A good swimmer, it is lessstrictly a bottom dweller than

are many palaemonids.

It has a light and somewhat

compressed build and arelatively large abdomen and

lives in fresh waters throughout

its life cycle.


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It is not

cannibalistic, at

least under

normal

conditions, and

appears to be

vegetarian.

FEEDING HABITAQUACULTURE SYSTEM

NORMALLY USED

can flourish and

breed under pond

conditions.

It is eurytopic withrespect to most

environmental factors

and seems to be well

adapted to the soft

waters found in mostparts of Malaysia

.

eurytopic :Able to adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions


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relatively small species but one

which may make a considerablecontribution to the biomass of thehabitat in which it lives since it

normally occurs in large numbers

compressed build and a relativelylarge abdomen and lives in freshwaters

It has a lightA good swimmer, it is less strictly a

bottom dweller than are manypalaemonids

Interesting facts


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CHALLENGES FACING BY AQUACULTURIST IN PRODUCING

Machrobrachium lanchesteri

It is noted that indigenous local fishery for wild stock ofpalaemonids has been in existence in many countries in the world.

At the beginning, fishing was lucrative and there was adequatesupply in the country where they exist but at present due toincreased exploitation and better means of catching natural stocks

are greatly reduced. This condition is aggravated by radical man-made changes in the

environment such as pollution from population centers or fromnewly established industries.

Likewise the building of multi-purpose dams in river systems havechanged the ecology of those systems to the detriment of existingprawn species.

Mine pollution and silting has also greatly reduced prawnpopulations. The trend toward rapid and gradual reduction ofprawn fisheries from natural waters appear inevitable.


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Machrobrachium malcolmsonii


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the English name is monsoon river-prawn

maximum size of males and females are 230 to 243 and200 mm.

to regularly cast their exoskeleton or shell in order togrow.

four distinct phases in the life cycle :

i. Eggs

ii. Larvae

iii. Postlarvae

iv. Adult require estuarine conditions or brackish water

during the initial larval stages.

BIOLOGY


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Mature male prawns larger than females

male head (cephalothorax) is larger than the female

but the latter has a wider abdomen.

the male the genital pores are between the bases ofthe fifth periopods while those of the female are at

the base of the third periopods.

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS..


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Egg mass is orange-coloured in the early

stages and as the eggs become eyed, it

becomes grey-black.

Colour change occurs as the embryos utilizetheir food reserves.

Prawn eggs of this species are slightly

elliptical


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The bodies of freshwater prawns are divided into

twenty segments known as somites.

14 segments in the head, fused together,invisibleunder a large dorsal and lateral shield(carapace)

The carapace is hard and smooth

11-14 teeth on the top and 8-10 underneath.

antennae are the most important sites of sensory

perception


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is an omnivore or detritivore,

its gut content containing mud and debris, dipteranslarvae and cladocerans.

omnivorous bottom dwelling prawn and naturally feedson decomposing plants and animals, small worms,insects and their larvae.

cannibalistic in nature and may consume freshly moultedconspecifics in pond environments

FEEDING HABIT


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high protein diets of 50% plant origin and 50%

animal origin are required

Juveniles are fed with formulated starter diet

containing higher protein and lipid in crumble form

Natural spawning or artificial fertilization :

Mating : after a male protects a newly moulted

female from aggression by other individuals in the

tank

adult matures and breeds in rivers and lakes,


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Aquaculture system that are normally used :

M. malcolmsoniimonoculture can be categorized into

extensive, semi intensiveand intensive culture systems

Extensive :

carried out in large ponds and water impoundmentssuch as

reservoirs, irrigation ponds and rice fields water quality, prawn growth and health isgenerally not

monitored

Prawn production is limited toabout 200-400 kg/ha/year


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Semi-extensive:

pondsare made free from predators and competitors

Juveniles arestocked at 30,000-40,000/ha.

Water quality, prawn healthand growth rate are

monitored

Intensive:

culture can be done in smallearthen or concrete

ponds about 0.05- 0.2 ha.

Prawn juveniles arestocked at more than 40,000/ha

under controlled conditions in predator free ponds.continuous aeration is provided.

Prawns are fed with nutritionally complete diet


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Macrobrachium

ohione

Scientific name:

Macrobrachium ohione

English Name:

Ohio Shrimp,

Ohio River Shrimp

SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION:

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda

Class: Malacostraca

Order: Decapoda



Species: M. ohione


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GENERAL

ANATOMY

having the first two pairs of legs

chelate,

the second pair larger than

first, and

the carpus of the second

leg not subdivided.

having a hepatic spine present

and second pereopods enlargedand greatly elongated.

The rostrum is curved, has up to

13 teeth but has a toothless

daggerlike tip.

may grow up to 10 cm (4 inches)long.

The color - pale gray flecked with

small blue spots.


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probably only recently

evolved migratory behavior

into fresh water.

Biological characteristics

indicative of it relatively

recent adaptation include: high hemolymph osmoionic

concentrations,

tolerance of high salinities,

dependence on saline waterfor larval development with

many larval stages and

migratory

behavior.

Ohio shrimp apparently prefer low velocity

water

(Conaway and Hrabik 1997)

open side channels, a preferred habitat of Ohio

shrimp, have flow during normal river elevations

(Barko and Herzog 2003).

Ohio shrimp prefer borders of the main channel,especially when the borders are flooded and

plant and animal material are available for

foraging

(Truesdale and Mermilliod 1979).

Ohio Shrimp have been reported to have greater

abundance in areas with suspended particulatematter, which may be a predator avoidance

response. Ohio shrimp occupy low visibility

physical habitats that are also occupied by

predatory fishes, such as flathead catfish, a

species that is not native to South Carolina

(Barko and Herzog 2003).

HABITAT BIOLOGY


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Macrobrachium rosenbergii


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Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Crustacea

Class: Malacostraca

Order: Decapoda



Species: M. rosenbergii


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General characteristic

also known as the giant river prawn, the giant

freshwater prawn, the Malaysian prawn.

important for its value as a food source

This species lives in tropical freshwater

environments influenced by adjacent brackish

water areas which has more salinity than fresh

water, but not as much as seawater.


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Biology

Males can reach a body size of 32 cm, while

females grow to 25 cm

Body usually greenish to brownish grey, but

sometimes more bluish, darker in larger

specimens

There are three distinct male morphotypes

exist which are small male (SM), orange claw

males (OC), and blue claw males (BC).


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The normal male developmental pathway isSM OC BC (BC dominate OC, OC

dominate SM)

The first stage is the small male (SM), thathas short, nearly translucent claws

Second stage have large orange claws ontheir second chelipeds, which may have alength of 0.8 to 1.4 their body size

Third stage have blue claws, and their secondchelipeds may become twice as long as theirbody


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Feeding habit

The larvae are carnivorous and in culture theyare fed on live, newly hatched brine shrimp

Juvenile and adult prawns are omnivorous,

and feed on a wide variety of food items suchas aquatic worms, insects and their larvae,

small molluscs and crustaceans, flesh and offal

of fish and other animals, grains, nuts, seeds,

fruits, algae, tender leaves and stems of

aquatic plants


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They prefer animal sources of food, and

sometimes may even be cannibalistic. They

also consume their shells which have beenshed off as a result of mouldting


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Natural spawning or artificial

fertilization

In mating, the male deposits spermatophores onthe underside of the female's thorax, betweenthe walking legs

The female then extrudes eggs, which passthrough the spermatophores. The female carriesthe fertilized eggs with her until they hatch.

Gravid females migrate downstream intoestuaries, where eggs hatch as free-swimming

larvae in brackish water. From these, eggs hatchto zoeae which is the first larval stage ofcrustaceans


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They go through several larval stages before

metamorphosing into post-larvae and have all

the characteristics of adults


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The aquaculture system normally use

to culture the species

tanks, irrigation ditches, cages, pens, reservoirs,and natural waters.

Common : earthen ponds

produces prawn larvae for growing out in pondsand for sale to other prawn grow-out enterprises

The hatchery consists of a building, where prawnlarvae are hatched and reared in tanks of waterwhich are set up to imitate the environment ofthe prawn larvae in the wild, together withoutdoor ponds or tanks where prawns forbreeding are grown out and maintained.


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The hatchery is usually designed to suit the

specific site and the techniques which will beemployed by the operators, and design will

also depend on availability of freshwater and

seawater, financial input, climate and PLproduction requirements

The hatchery building is usually associated

with the nursery tanks and grow-out ponds interms of water supply and other

requirements.


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Interesting facts or research related to

your species

Freshwater prawns tend to go "mushy" if not

handled and processed correctly.

prevent prawns from becoming crushed

during harvesting

if they are not going to be sold live, they

should be killed in a mixture of water and ice

at 0 C immediately (at the pond bank), and

washed in chlorinated tap water


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Challenges facing by the aquaculturist

in producing the species.

Disease

- the species most seriously affected

- because of poor intake water treatment,

poor husbandry, overcrowding, poorsanitation, and non-existent or inadequatequarantine procedures.

- black gill disease, black spot disease, rottentail disease, parasitic disease (Ciliata species)and milky-whitebody (muscle) disease.


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Production system

Production cycle of Macrobrachium rosenbergii


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