� Arte Y Reglas de la Lengua TagalaArte Y Reglas de la Lengua Tagala

Francisco San Joseph 1610

Bataan, Philippines

Capitulo Diez y nueve:

De los NumeralesDe los numeros comunes

La cuenta de la plata y del oro

Cuenta de Basijas

Para contrar Dias y los de mas Tiempos

Para distansias de lugares

(pahina 264 - 288)

� Vocabulario de la Lengua TagalaVocabulario de la Lengua TagalaPedro de San Buena Ventura 1613

Pila, Laguna

Aklat patungkol sa Pamilangan

Bilang Arte Y Reglas

San Joseph 1610

10 polo.

Pahina

264100 sangdaan.

1 000 sanglibo265

10 000 Sanglaksa 10⁴266

100 000 Sanyuta 10⁵266

100 000 000 sangbahala 10⁸266

Archimedes (287-212 BC) in

his essay The Sand Reckoner

built a system of numbers

called myriad for 10 000 and

myriad myriad 100 000 000.

Bilang Vocabulario Tagala

San Buena Ventura 1613

Iba pa

10 powo Pahina

689

Combes 1667 (10⁶)

Sa guita (Bagobo)

Secati (Tiruray)

UST Archivos Libros

Kati 10⁷

Tolentino 1937

Sansita 10⁷

100 daan 646

1 000 libo 668

10 000 laksa 664

100 000 yuta 615

1 000 000 angao(sampowong yuta) 207

10 000 000 kati/sansita

100 000 000(up to maximun 10¹²)

bahala

angao-angao

615

368

SB 253 : Diezmil : Lacsa pc : vt, ang sanglacsang taon

sa langit, ay, bilang mamaghapun lamang, diezmil

anos en el çielo son como no mas de un dia,

SB 615 : zienmil : yota pp : sangpovong yota .|. di

sangpovong yota? no son 100000?

SB 368 : Infinito : Angao angao pp : en numero que

nose puedo contar, dile sasang angao angao na di

muntic man mabibilang, es vn numero infinito, que de

ninguna manera se puede contar.

SB 368 : Infinito : Hoyang pp : sin numero, salamat

nang valan hoyang sa may gava sa lahat, infinas

graçias seden al haçedor de todas las cosas Eterno.

Jean-Paul G. POTET 1992

Numeral Expressions in Tagalog

1992 Volume 44 pp. 167-181

Personal communication 2011

Abacus ng Intsik

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

Mancala 2x6, 2x8, 2x10

Tchuka; Chanka 2x6 Chongkak 2x8, 2x10(Congklak or Conka)

Mungala 2x6

Vietnam-Ô Ăn Quan

Tchonka 2x7(Pacific Islands)

Chakot 2x4Tungkayon

Sungka 2x7

The dominant

variation can be

found in the

Philippines Voogt 1999

© 2010 Comandante

Based from Culin 1894; Fritz 1904, Annandale 1902)

Pagkalat ng Sungka at Sigay

(right)

Cypraea moneta

Chinese Shell money 1600 – 800 BC

The cowries which had been used in the Shang Dynasty must come from the

southeast coastal area because even in the present the natives of Southeast Asia still call the cowries 'Bia’. This pronunciation is most similar to the ancient Chinese one (Page 17).

Pahina 479 (San Buenaventura 1613)

Pescado : Biya/Sisi pp : blanco y muy hordinario en todas partes en la Silanga en particular.

CHINESE ERA- COWRIE USE DATE LOCATION

Neolithic 3300-2000 BC Western inland

Early Shang Dynasties-

cowries spread

2000-1600 BC Northwest to

Central Plains

Shang and Zhou

Dynasties-Peak use

1600-650 BC Northwest to

Southwest

Warring States –

waning use/bronze

650-221 BC North of Chang-

jiang River

Qin to the Han

Dynasty-disappearance

221 BC-220AD North of Chang-

jiang River

Peng and Zhu 1995

Peng and Zhu 1995

Kinoshita 1996

Shell Trade and

Exchange in the

Prehistory of the

Ryukyu Archipelago

Kinoshita 1996

Pahina 253 (San Buenaventura 1613)Diez : Pouo pc : l. polo, llegando a diez contando, sangpouong tomoro, diez jemes, macapopouo, diez veçes, macapopouo pang gayon, dies tanto, labin anim, diez yseys.Diez : Mamolo pp : acada uno. l. tigpopouo, bibigyan camo nang tigpopouong tampal, daran nos cada diez sopapos, palabolan mo sila nang mamolo, dales diez acada uno.

Pilipino SungkaHanay 1: 7 x 7 = 49Hanay 2: 7 x 7 = 49Bahay 1 = 1Bahay 2 = _ 1_Kabuoan 100

Nawawalang Tainga

© Comandante 2010

Sinaunang Sungka:

Pambilang

San Joseph 1610

labi sa angao Pahina

266labi sa yota

labi sa laksa

labi sa libo 265

macalima powo 277

mamolo 273

tigpipito 272

pito pito/ pitohin 271

Isa Bila

Pamilangan

San Buenaventura 1613

Pahina 663

Tagalog - Labi

Spanish

Sobrar

Bordo

Lauio

Beço

Boca

Diez

Cowries as burial goods

were found in Musang

Cave Penablanca,

Cagayan Province.

Carbon-14 Dating

indicated a time period of

3200-2000 BC.

Thiel 1978

Rice

Terraces

May kinalaman ang ALTARAN sa kalakalan ng

Sigay sa nakalipas. Comandante 2009

Chapter 19

Arte y Reglas de la Lengua Tagala

San Joseph 1610 (Bataan)

“They have many kind of ships of very different

shapes and names with which they conduct wars

and go sailing; bigger ones are called vireyes which

can load up to 100 peolple... Cargo vessels are

called birocos .”

Boxer Codex 1590

.

Before the Spaniards came...

= 21

BIROCOS

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 ________________________________________________

21 42 63 84 105 126 147 168 189 210

Maaring

Pinagkuhanan

ng hugis wala

©

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

Angono

Baybayin

Numerals (neolithic)

Italy1521

De Arts

Suppurtandi

(Tonstall)

Possible

Baybayin

Numerals 500-1000 AD

Baybayin Numerals© Comandante 2009

No. O2009-714