Amplificadores Radio Otros DL413 REV1
Transcript of Amplificadores Radio Otros DL413 REV1
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DL413iD
REV 1
p+
Radio, RF*
and Video
%’ _~
Applkhions
MOTOROLA
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@
MOTOROLA
Allproducts are soldon Motorolas Terms &Conditions ofSuppl~$ae;ng aproduct covered bythisdocument IheCustomer agrees tobe bound
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make chang&+$~$~”Yudher notice to any products herein. Motorola makes no
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oruse of any product or circuit, and sp*@@g,~sclaims any and all l iabdhy, including without timitation con=quential or incidental damages,
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Thwt$~%~er should ensure that i t has the most up to date vers ion of the document by contact ing i ts local Motorala off ice. This document
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Includes li terature avai lable at June 1994
$,~. All trademarks recognized.
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Preface
This compilation of Application Notes, Engineering Bulletins, Design Concepts,
etc. was originally published by the European bterature Centre of Motorola Ltd,,
in Milton Keynes, England, and has subsequently gained worldwide accepta+g,~$p
. . ~.i
%..Li~+
Because of the worldwide popularity of the Application Manuals Series itJ$~~,pd]-
tant for the reader to take note of the following:
? ,f3.,~.,
,,f
t,..
,~,
.*’
The various Application Notes, Engineering Bulletins, Design i$~~88pts, etc.
-~,,., .,,.
*,$,.,t.*’
which are included were developed at Design Centres s~[~~@gltally located
,;a:.$*}+*K$.
throughout the global community and many were originq~ y’%~tfen to support a
.,$*>:
local need. Whilst the basic concepts of each of the ~o~~~afions included may
?:{$N\
Also included in the series for co~~T&~e}ess and historical significance are
documents that may no longer,,.($~~%ailable individually because obsolete
devices are referenced or perha~,s}sirnply, the original document is out of print,
Such items are marked in ttis:~able of Contents, Cross Reference, Abstracts and
2*.’
on the first page of th+e%$%ument with the letters
‘HI’
to indicate that these
documents are inclu,,~’kf~~ Historical Information only.
, .~c~a
,),,$~
All the Applicatiq~~i$ tes, Engineering Bulletins, Design Concepts, etc. are
included to ~~~~~~e the user’s knowledge and understanding of Motorola’s
products. gM~~$er, before attempting to design-in a device referenced in this
Series@rtR~&ser should contact the local Motorola supplier or sales office to
~’.? \:yi
con~rm~~~oduct availability and if application support is available.
,..+~’,,,,
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Other books in this series include:
DL40a/D Rev. 1
8-bit MCU Applications Manual
DL409/D Rev. 1 16/32-bit Applications Manual
DL4 10/D Rev. 1
Power Applications Manual
DL41 l/D Rev. 1
Communications Applications
DL4 12/D Rev. 1
Industrial Control Applications
,,
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Contents
page
Device Cross Reference .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . . . . . . . .. .. .. . . . . .. .. . . .. .. . . .. .. . .. .. .. . . . . .. .. . . . ... .. . ... .. . . ... .. . . . . ........ 9
Abstrscts of Applications Documents . . . . . . 13
Applications Documents
~:t.,,,
AN438
AN448
AN460
AN463
AN479
AN749
AN756
AN790
AN879
AN925
AN932
ANI019
AN102O
AN102I
AN1022
ANI025
AN1027
AN1028
AN1029
AN103O
ANI032
ANI 033
ANI034
ANI 037
ANI039
AN104O
AN1041
AN1044
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Contents (continued)
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Device Cross Reference
This quick-reference list indicates where specific
components are featured in applications documents
reproduced in this Manual.
2N6439 ...................................... EB77
CA2820 ..................................... ANI022
CR2424 ..................................... ANl O2l
AN1047
. . . . . .. .
AN1306
CR2425 . . . . . . . . ....... ..... ANI021
AN1047
LTIOOI . . .. . . . . . .. . . ...... AN102O
LT1817 ...................................... ANl O2O
LT1829 ...................................... ANl O2O
LT5839 ...................................... ANl O2O
MCIOE1 II ................................ AN14O5
MCI OE211 ................................ AN1405
MC1OH6OX AN1402
MCI OH641 ................................ ANI4O5
MC10H64x . . .. . . . . . . . . . . AN1401
MC1OH66O . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . AN1092
MC68HC05B6 EB411
MC68HC05E0 AN460
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Abstracts
AN438 300 W, 8k108MHz Amplifier Using the
TP1940 MOSFETS Push-Pull Transistor
Provides the design of an efficient 300W amplifier with
high power gain, compact physical layout and opera-
tion on a 50V power supply. It uses the TPI 940, a high
power, high gain, broadband push-pull Power MOS-
FET with low Reverse Transfer Capacitance. Includes
circuit, pafls list, PCB aflwork and component layout.
AN448
“FLOP Teletext using M6805
Microcontrollers
The “-7 members of Motorola’s M68HC05 MCU family
provide a cost-effective method of adding On Screen
Display (OSD) to TVs and VCRs. This note describes
an example of Full Level One Feature (FLOF) Teletext
control software wri tten for the MC68HC05T7to control
type 5243 Teletext chips. Around 3K bytes of ROM are
used, allowing the code to fit with tuning, OSD and
stereo functions into the 7.9 Kbytesofthe MC68HC05T7.
The example software includes the Spanish implemen-
tation of Packet 26; Packet 26 allows for the substitu-
tion of specific characters for a particular country.
AN460 An RDS Decoder Using
the
MC68HC05E0
The Radio
Data System (RDS) adds digital
data
caPa- ~,
bility to VHF FM transmissions on band II (87.5 &:$
108 M Hz). The system is in use in t he UK and in sey~r~ ~
other European countries, and it is intended that ~~~a~
be adopted eventually by most of Western Europej it’~
defined by EBU Technical Document 324,4: lnf8rma-
tion is transmitted in groups of four 26-Qj~~:ks on a
supressed 57kHz sub-carrier. This n~:~~sdtibes an
MC66HC05E0-based clock/radioa~l~~~l~n: it includes
a complete software list ing.
*/: $
.:. ,y’~*,Y
.$,>, ,$l,..
h.~, ‘
AN463
68HC05K0
lnfra-~:$+~~~ote
COntrO/
In addition to the samei~P~< nd registers as other
members of the M68&@~$a’mily the MC66HC05K0
has
a15-stage
ultl;$~~pn timer and 10 bidirectional
1/0 lines. A mas$jb~m”rs available for software pro-
grammable pg&~
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Abstracts (continued)
AN932
Application of the MC1377 Co/our
Encoder
The MC1377 is and economical, high quality, RGB
encoderfor NTSC or PAL applications. It accepts RGB
and composite sync inputs, and delivers a 1V &p
composite NTSC or PAL video output into a 75Q load.
It can provide its own colour osci llator and burst gating,
or it can easily be driven from external sources. Per-
formance vif lually equal to high-cost studio equipment
is possible with common colour receiver components.
AN1OI9 Decoding Using the TDA3330, with
Emphasis on Cable In/Cable Out Operation
The TDA3330 is a Composite Video to RGB Colour
Decoder originally intended for PAL and NTSC colour
TV receivers and monitors – so its data sheet concen-
trates on picture tube drive. This practical applicat ion
note supplements the data sheet by providing circuits
for video cable dr ive as used invideo processing, frame
store and other specialized appl ications, and expands
on TDA3330 functional details. Includes PCB atiwork
and layout of an evaluation board.
AN102O A High-Performance Video Amplifier for
Hjgh Resolution CRT Applications
This note describes a state-of-the-art video amplifier
making use of the superior performance characteristics
of Motorola CRT dtiver transistors. In particular, it
shows the high speed obtainable with low DC power
consumption. The circuit is insensitive to load varia-
tions and interconnect methods.
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Resolution CRT Applications
.>.;,,..,,:.
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Many of the 1024x 1024nd 1280x 1024,~[}@f@~kHz
horizontal sweep rate CRTs used in ,~ti~~ and
high resolut ion graphics appl icat ions~W~&t realized
their potential performance beca~o$tfie speed of
their vidao amplifiers. The CR2@4 ~h&CR2425 video
amplifiers are hybrid circuitq,Q~x~.~@d for high resolu-
tion CRT applications. The~~a~re less than 2.9ns rise
and fall time for a 40V q%~$~fing, and provide a low
...
AN1022 Mechag,*a@d Thermal Considerations
in Using RF,Lf~&k@’~ybrid Amplifiers
,... .
Motorola’ath&~fi)* hybrid amplifiers are medium power
(0.2W t~ower output) broadband devices (1 to
10O~,w~Jh~t are biased in a class A mode for linear
opek$tio$. ~o ensure
a
proper electrical and mechani-
~~~.,
,sa ,~nY& ~cewith adequate RF and thermal character-
~~~~~certain guidel ines are presented here so that the
~$$~kign engineer can obtain maximum electrical per-
{ formance and the longest operating life.
14
ANI025 Reliability Considerations in Design
and Use of RF Integrated Circuits
RF integrated circuits – located at strategic points in a
CATV system – feature prominently in the overall
reliability assessment. Low noise and distoflion require ‘*,N
.*5,.. ,~.,,,
state-of -the-art transistor structures. Gold metallization Y;YN+W
.,;,.+$Y..
thermal equilibrium and automated process con~b~~t$%:a
have resulted in transistor l ifetimes of over 100 ~~%+$.~’
An ovewiew of the physics of construction invq&~~’~~$
the die and interconnects isdiscussed, tog,@$&~@h a
definition of major reliability terms and ati:~$~o~~ction
to hardware and software microci rcui&@~&i&y tools.
.&.,,~.l’
ANI027 Reliability/Performanc6~ sp’&ts of
CA TV Amplifier Design ~k’$>p
Discusses the rel iabil ity a~y$R~~&& offered by the RF
hybrid ampli fier used in G~k $,r~plicat ions. The act ive
part of the hybtid is+$@\$f~hsistor – metallization,
ballasting and rug~~~ne’~are reliability-related factors
that must be co@~{@{~.d by the device engineer when
designing a
higb~~~,ormance CATVtransistor. Veflical.
and horizont~l.hge~metry and device distofl ion are per-
formanc~~etawfactors that must also be taken into
accou,pt. ‘%$~ relationship between these factors is
exa~+?,ed, ahd Iifetest data ispresented to illustrate the
~%~nti~es gained by careful device design.
,,1
x1:,.
AN{~S@ 35/50 Watt Broadband (160-240MHz)
3v~:&sh-Pull TV Amplifier Band Ill
*
The main design aim for this broadband ultra-linear
push-pull amplifier wastokeepthe design as simple as
possible, in order to obtain the best performance from
the two TPV375transistors and to minimisetha cost. A
further target was to obtain the maximum gain by
reducing input matching circuit losses. Includes circuit,
background description, Smith charts and PCB layout.
ANI029 TV Transposers Band IV and V
Po = 0.5 W[1.OW
Describes the performance of a470-860MHz broadband
ultra linear amplifier designed for use in band IV and V
TV transposers. The design is based on the TPV596,
and is intended to be as inexpensive and straightfor-
ward as possible: the load line is defined to provide the
correct match for peak power; VSWR at the collector is
less than 2: l; input matching isdesigned toprovldef lat
gain with decreasing frequency; and the design is
optimized with a CAD program.
ANI030 1W/2 W Broadband TV Amplifier
Band IV and V
Describes the design and performancaof a470-860MHz
broadband linear amplifier for use in band IV and VTV
transposers, based on a TPV597 transistor. The de-
sign uses a reflect ion technique to achieve an inset iion
loss of 6dB per octave with OdB for the highest fre-
quency. Two amplifiers are connected together with
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Abstracts (continued)
3dB quadrature hybrids to create a balanced amplif ier
avoiding the inconvenience of needing a good match of
reflected power.
AN1032 How Load VSWR Affects Non-Linaar
Circuits
If your amplifiers pass lab tests but fail QC testing, the
testing environment - not the product –is most likely at
fault Oftan the culprit iscorrelation of test systems–RF
Correlation occurs only when target error limits are
adhered to on acontinuous basis among two or more
testing stations. Such correlation is essential for non-
linear RF and microwave power amplifiers, whose
circuits are extremely sensitive to the impedance of
their loads. It iseasyto compensate for the inseflion
loss errors in an attenuator, but much more difficult to
compensate for load VSWR.
ANI033
Match lmpedancaa in Microwave
Anrp/ifiera
The key to successful solid-state microwava power-
amplifier design is impedance matching. In any high-
frequency power-amplifier design, improper imped-
ance matching wil l degrade stabi lity and reduce circui t
ef ficiency. At microwave frequencies, this considera-
tion is even more ctitical, since thetransistor’s bond-
wire inductance and base-to-collector capacitance be-~”’
come significant elements in inDut/outout imoedan&l.>
,
,.
network design. includes table ofcharacter ist ;c ie~+.
ante and velocity factor for various width/height ra?~
and various materials.
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ANI034
Three Balun Designs for Pw~_~
Amplifiers s~$l’lt~;::
., ,” \$\,
Single RF power transistors s~~~~.,?atlsfy today’s
design ctiteria; several davice~.~wsfpbe coupled to
obtain the required amplifiqPt&@W’power. The push-
pull technique is often cho%~~~tause it allows input
and output impedancq~?~.,b$’connec ted in series for
RFoparation. Baiun ra~?brmers provide the kay to
push-pull design,,$~$~~develops three balun-trans-
formers, culmin~{ng ~ith a microstrip version, None of
the baluns ~~”
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Abstracts (continued)
AN1061 Reflecting on Transmission Line Effects
In recent years, microprocessors and digi tal logic have
seen substantial increases
in
line dr ive capabil ity. The
fast rise and fall times of modern devices make an
understanding of transmission l ines and their effects on
system reliabi li ty a necessity. Includes a procedure for
assessing possible transmission l ine problems in prac-
tical designs.
ANI080 External-Sync Power Supply with
Universal Input Voltage Range for Monitors
As the resolution of colour monitors increases, the
performance and features of their power supplies be-
comes more cr it ical . EM1/RFl generated by switching
power supplies can adversely affect resolution ifswitch-
ing frequency is not synchronised to horizontal scan-
ning frequency. This 90W flyback switching supply
demonstrates the use of new high-performance de-
vices in a low-cost design, and includes a new universal
input voltage adapter.
AN1092 Driving Hjgh Capacitance DRAMs
in
an
ECL System
In systems where speed and efficiency are of utmost
importance, designers often mixtechnologiesto achieve
the right combination ofspeed, power, cost and process-
ing capabil ity. Motorola’s Emitter Coupled Logic (ECL)
makes it possible to operate up to 1GHz clock rates.
However, ECL speeds are not necessay in memo~
that is not accessed evey clock cycle - a large CMOS
DRAM is cheaper and uses less power and boq@
space than ECL memo~. The MC1 OH/1OOH660,~4~%,
ECL-TTL Load Reducing DRAM Driver was d@s@~d”
as a translator for such applicat ions.
;, ~“+::>:~’Ualues and highlights cri tical characteristics, Descr ip-
“ tions cover the procedures used to obtain impedance
and thermal data, the importance of test circuits, low
noise considerations and linearity requirements.
ANI 122 Running the MC44802A PLL Circuit
The MC44802Aprovides the Phase Locked Loop (PLL)
portion of a tuning circuit intended for TV, FM radio and
set-top convetier applications up to 1 .3GHz; a cOm-
plete tuning circuit is formed by adding a Voltage Se
Controlled Oscil lator (VCO) and mixer, The data shee~~:.$$$
recommends use of an MCU for sending the
CO@’% \$,~?.
bytes that setthetuningfreq uency, This notede~r~a$
a serial ( IIC) intedace with an MC68HC1 1E9,j a~~er’
design – the information is sufficiently gen@r*b&~llow
almost any MCU to be used. Includes ~,$~c%~ pro-
gram listing.
...‘:,,$$+.:.}\.“
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AN1207 TheMC145170 in Basiq?bHP%tid VHF
Oscillators
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Abstracts (continued)
models which may affect the waveforms. A SPICE
parameter set for the referenced devices is provided.
AN1404
ECLinPS Circuit Performance at Non-
Standard VIH Levels
When ECLinPS devices are intedaced to other tech-
nologies there may be t imes when the input vol tages do
not meet the specificat ion detailed inthe ECLinPS data
book. This application note discusses the conse-
quences of driving ECLinPS devices with an Input
Voltage HIGH level which is outside the specificat ion.
AN1405 ECL Clock Djstributjon Techniques
Clock skew - the time difference between supposedly
simultaneous clock transit ions within a system – is one
of the main factors l imiting system performance at high
frequencies. If clock skew can be reduced, designers
can increase performance without using faster logic or
more complex and more expensive architectures.
Emitter Coupled Logic (ECL) technologies offer a
number of advantages over the CMOS and TTL alter-
natives; this note describes the advantages, the three
skew problem areas, and methods of clock distr ibution
to minimise skew.
EB27A
Get
300
Watts PEP Linear Across 2 to
30MHz from thjs Push-Pull Amplifier
,f’
Includes circuit, PCB artwork and layout for a 300~’$$
push-pul l linear amplif ier based on two MRF422s~@$$:
signed to operate over the 2 to 30 MHz band. }%
MC1723 voltage regulator is used as a bia~su~y.
,+?:,
EB29
The Common Emltfer TO-39+&&ks
Advantages
‘~~’t>l
,.,,s~p,~4\,.;\, ,’~*”
EB@;+~Predict Frequency Accuracy for
:,):@G~2060 and MC12061 Crystal Oscillator
+’ ~jrcuifs
($
SCrystal oscillators are used to generate a precise and
,;.J:~?$.{,.,
,1:.
*$\::,.
their crystal. However, circuit components and other
~.
factors external to the crystal influence its natural
resonance to some degree, an effect often referred to
as “pulling” or “warping”. This bulletin discusses the
variat ion in crystal frequency as a function of di fferent
ICS, temperature and DC supply voltage to help the
designer to predict the amount of frequency pull in a
particular design.
EB77 A 60 Watt 225-400MHz Amplifier –,%
2N6439
‘$>,1
.{::,,,.J.:\*.,
This bulletin describes a 60 watt, 28 vo~bt~~band
amplifier coveting the 225-400 MHz miQ\&~[~~muni-
cations band, The amplifier may be y@~*~N~~y as a 80
watt output stage in a 225-400 lws~ti~sm itter; by
using two of these amplif iers co@ ~e4 t th quadrature
coupiers a 100 watt outpu]l~~~j$~r stage may be
constructed. The circuit is ~,~g”mbd to be driven from a
50 ohm source and wor$~ntd~%ominal 50 ohm load,
$?..:*,\t,
EB89
A 1 Watf, ,@WAmp[ifj@r
This S-band ,,,,~:~~?~~~erfeatures simplicity and
repeatability h,d~i~~~fig 8dB minimum gain at 1 watt
output on a 2%~ Spply. It uses an MRF2001 transistor
inacom@~n b&3e, class Cconfiguration, and istunable
frorn,,,2~~%@.35 GHz. Applications include micowave
co~ti~lo~tions and other systems requiring medium
Pw@6arr0wband amplif icat ion. The Bul letin stresses
‘ @ importance Of physical construction as well as
,..
e%cttical design.
,.>~:.:
$2b90 Low-Cost VHF Amplifier Has Broadband
.,
Performance
,,
This bulletin presents two VHF amplifier designs in-
tended for FMor CWservice in the 136-174 MHz band,
Both feature the Motorola MRF260 and MRF262 plast ic
encased VHF transistors which are rated at 5.o W and
15 W power output respect ively, The devices are pack-
aged in a standard To-220 silicone epoxy case with the
emitter wired to the metal tab and centre lead of the
device, This common emitter configuration results in
good RF performance, improved thermal conductivity,
and ease of mounting in an RF ampli fier by connecting
the transistor mounting flange to RF and DC ground.
EB93
60 Waft VHF Amp/ifier Uses
Splifting/Combining Techniques
Proven combining techniques can be used to obtain
higher output power and added reliability at VHF.
Simple matching networks and power transistors with
moderate gain can produce performance comparable
to that of a single-stage amplifier with a larger, more
expensive device. Though not the ult imate answer, the
spl it ter/combiner method has dist inct advantages over
designs that force transistors into a parallel configura-
tion, This 60 Wamplifier operates from 150 to 175 MHz
and features two low-cost MRF264 transistors. The
design uses a modif ied Wilkinson combiner technique
to produce 60W output with a drive level of 15W.
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Abstracts (continued)
EB107
Mounting Considerations for Motorola
RF
Power Modules
The packaging used for Motorola RF Power Modules
consists of a copper flange on which the ceramic
substrates are soldered, and a non-conductive cover
which is either a snap-on design or attached by epoxy,
The substrates are either 96°~Alumina, 95.57~Alumina,
or 99”A Beryll ium Oxide, and are attached to the copper
f lange using lead-tin or iridium based soft solders. This
bulletin discusses the mechanical factors that should
be considered when mounting these modules in equip-
ment.
EB41
1
A Digital Video Prototyping System
This bulletin describes a Digital Video Prototyping
System (DVPS) developed using Motorola’s latest multi-
media devices, togetherwith a PC-based Field Program-
mable Gate Array (FPGA) development system. It is
designed to provide a fast and effective means of
prototyping and demonstrating digital video processing
functions. A Reference Section lists datasheets and
user manuals containing detailed descriptions and
information on the devices. The DVPS has been suc-
cessfully used to implement two TV sub-systems,
namely a Picture-In-Picture Processor and a4:3to 16:9
Picture Processor, which are also described,
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Applicati
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300W, 88-I08MHz Amplifier using the
TPI 940 MOSFETS Push-pull Transistor
By Georges Chambaudu
Motorola Semiconducteurs Bordeaux SA
Option 2 (with C9s and without C9p)
GA (dB)
18.3
19.1
19.6
65.4
68
66.6
.:3: ~J$opper heat spreader must be mounted on, or laid on top of, a heat sink with thermal grease interface.
...
.,.;>
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INPUT
SCALE: 1.5
<
+V
-
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R8, R9
L1
L2
L3, L4
FET
T1
T2
6.8 -8.2 KQ l/4W (depending on FET gf~)
Thermistor, 10KQ at 25 °C/2.5KQ at 75°C
2KQ 1/2W
KDI ~rofilm PPR515-20-3 or EMC Technologies
model 5310 or equivalent 10OQ
10 turns AWG #l 6 enamelled Wire, 0,2” I.D.
Ferrite beads, 1.5 VH Total
Lead lengths of R8 and R9, 0.6” total.
TP1 940
9:1 impedance ratio (input transformer)
25Q, O 062.0 D. semi tigid co-ax., wi[b
L = 28 mm, I = 11 mm (see Figure 3)
4:1 impedance ratio (output transformer)
25Q, O 09V O.D. semi rigid co-ax,, with
L = 19 mm, I = 9 mm (see Figure 3)
(Tl transformer must be loaded with ferrite
toroids of suitable dimensions and Vi of 35-40,
or other ~pe ferrite cores, such as Fair-Rite
Products Corporation E and I tvpes 9467012002
and 9367021002 respectively )
figure 2. 300 W, 8-108 MHz amphfier schematic and pafis list
23
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Cenue
A
Hgh Imp@an@
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“FLOF” Teletext using M6805
BV Peter Topping
M CU Applications
Motorola Ltd, East Kilbride
1. INTRODUCTION
AN448
Microcontrollers
...
, *$ \ \ .3\
The “T” members of the MC68HC05 familv of MCUS provide a convenient and c@,~@ &tve method of adding
on-screen-displav (OSD) to TVs and VCRs. As well as the 6&character OSD ca~@$,~theV include 8 Kb~es of
ROM (adequate forTeletext, frequencv-svnthesis, stereo and OSD), 320 bvt~~~:$~~, a 1&bit timer and 8 pulse
width-modulated D/A converters. The MC68HC05T7 also includes IIC haf~wd~ a“nd,bv using a 56-pin package,
4 ports of 1/0 independent of the OSD, serial and D/A outputs. It is th~~.&itable for large full-feature chassis.
The MC68HC05T1 is in the middle of the price/performance ra@*~@ includes most of the features of
the MC68HC05T7 but in a 4&pin package. This is achieved bv sh.@~%.~0 with the other Pin functions (Spl, OSD,
D/A). Even if all these features are used, there is sufficient l/O’~most applications.
. .
,
“.
~?w,
The MC68HC05T2 is a 16K upgrade of the MC68HCO:~k~n&$he MC68HC05T3 a 24K version with increased
RAM (512 bvtes) and enhanced OSD (112 characters a~d,% rows of OSD buffer). The low cost MC68HC05T4
has 5 Kbytes of ROM and 96 bvtes of RAM mahw$$$?able in simpler (eg mono, non-Teletext) applications.
The T4 and T7 also include a 14-bit D/A converter to’~cilitate voltage svnthesis tuning. There are EPROM (and
OTP) versions of the T3 (including T1 and T~em&ation), T4 and T7.
,:$$t:,~,
This application note describes an exa~~~$a~ ’Teletext control software written for the MC68HC05T7 which
directlv controls Teletext chips of th~~p&$~43. Spanish FLOF Teletext (level 1.5) is handled using packet W26,
If no CCT teletext chip is present o~~$~,~ bus (asindicated bv the lack of an acknowledge), all Teletext functions
are disabled in software. Abo~t~wes of ROM ara used allowing the code to fit into the 7.9K b~es available
,+~..,
in an MC68HC05T7 along wjtti’’~fitng, OSD and stereo functions.
‘~(t,?,i,,,\@,.
The software in the in.~~~$$hsting has been written for the MC68HC05T7 but could, with a little modification,
be implemented o,n,,~$h@&M6805microcontrollers. A microcontroller without IIC hardware can be used as long
as additional so~r~~~~’’included to facilitate the IIC bus using l/O pins. An example of ilC master 1/0 driven
software can,~e fwd in application note AN446.
2. “FLOF” TELETEXT FEATURES
@tilllWel One Feature (FLOF) Teletext utilises “ghost” packets to provide features in addition to those available
,,$.~,’~~~’the original CCT Teletext. The prima~ enhancement is the provision of a menu with a choice of four linked
,@,,~t{~~ges selectable by the user with a single press of one of four coloured buttons on the remote control. The menu
$,:*::.’ Itself is sent in the ghost page using packet 24 while the linked page numbers are contained in packet 27. In
**
addition to linked pages, packets 26 and 30 are used. Packet 26 allows for the substitution of selected characters
in the displav bv special characters specific to a part icular count~. This example application includes the Spanish
implementation of packet 26. The broadcast service data packet (8~0) is used to get the initial (index) page for
each channel and to display station identification information.
25
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“Ghost” packets handled
The FLOF menu information contained in this page extension packet is transferred by the microcomputer to
row 24 of the display chapter. When links are disabled because there is no packet 27 (destination code O)orwhen
bit 4 of bvte 43 is O, row 24 is blank.
W26 :
Optional handling of modes 1XXXX,01111 and 00010 in accordance with the Spanish Teletext specificati~~~~~
the additional characters which are available in the 5243 CCT chip are handled. The feature can be di:,a~f,Q$~th
a hardware link on an l/O pin (see figure 1) so that the software can be used at level 1.0 in non-Spanl$h &o@’ties
also using packet 26.
.~: t}l)$..
. . ., ,, ,$>’
..,.,3,$$
.,, $. ’
y.
W27 :
~,.1.$,p will be taken from packet 27
but will be automatically disabled if the broadcast links are default (FFSmF) , r invalid.
g, “’”$
8/30 :
.-,],
.
The broadcast service packet is used to supplv the index pa~~nu~ber on exit from standbv and (if teletext is not
stopped) after a channel change. BVtes 10-30 of this pac~~~~~~;~$plaved for 5 seconds on exit from standbv and
(if teletext is not stopped) after a channel change.
*’. , i.,’
‘-\J
..>
.:.. ~,”
‘ ~b,
,,*,..
other thaJT&~~&xt and is not shown in detail. Communication with the 5243 Teletext chip is via an IIC bus in which
*>,,.*’
the T~+WalWys the master, The function of the three l/O pins used for Teletext is described under “Ghost packets
hati~:i~nd “Inputs and Outputs”,
.. ,’’ .,%.,,,
,,t~f
+:Al~ Sion of this Teletext SOftware has been implemented on an MC68HC05C4 for use in aN where the other
“~ontrol functions were handled by a separate microcontroller. The signal from the IR pre-amp was fed into the
C4 which used Teletext commands to control a 5243 via a software IIC bus. Non-Teletext commands were re
generated bv the C4 and sent to the other microcontroller. This arrangement allows Teletext to be added to a
chassis which was originally designed without considering Teletext.
26
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.,,,
~;y.
In the exampl~+%on the idle loop code is inthe main W control software module rather than inthe teletext
module, Listi~~ l$hows the relevant parts of this module. The looptime is 12.8mS and it isat this rate that the
.* >:,..
timing c.@&ters used by Teletext (CNT1 and CNT4) are incremented. The standby condition is checked first; if
the W ‘&Y@$h standby then there is no IIC activi~ and hence no reading from, or writing to, the 520. If the W
h~si~~~~xited from standby, as indcated by the flag 3,STAT2, then Teletext is initialised using the sub-routine
~~~@T. This subroutine writes to the 5243’s control and mode registers (R5, R6 and R7)and checks that the
~,,;:,,
lt~acknowledge ispresent. If therewas no acknowledge, as indicated by flag 6,STAT7, then nofurther Teletext
,s-,~;,.,&tivity is attempted.
,;.
~.i;t, c..$
\:::c,,)*\\,J:
If an acknowledge is present, Teletext polling goes ahead, although it is suspended if there is a mute or time
~:,.-.
$.
display. A mute indicates that the channel has just been changed, or no channel istuned. During time display,
all other Teletext activity is suspended. R&initialisation using subroutine START2 is performed if flag 7,STAT5
is set by a change of the tuned frequency.
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Counter CNT4 is used to delay the transfer of packets 24 (page extension- FLOF menu), 27 (links), 26 (enhanced
display characters) and the control bits from row 25 (display page) after the initial arrival of a page. When row 24
is read the 5243 FOUND flag is set to
indicate that the arrival has
been acted upon. If UPDATE is on then an update
indicator appears if the update control bit (C9) is set or if the subpage has changed or if it is the first arrival of the
page. The update display is performed by the subroutine ARRVD which clears the transient flags and enables
the required display, i.e. page no. in normal mode and the whole of row O in subpage mode. Any boxed
information (eg subtitles or newsflash) inthe current page isalso displayed, The last Teletext function performed
by the idle loop is the checking of the FOUND flag in the 52&. This is accessed via the IIC bus; it is on the last
(not displayed) row of the display page along with the current page and suppage numbers and the control bits. ~~~~
~:t.,,,,
‘,~..*{:
\. ‘*t.,
5.
REMOTE CONTROL FUNCTIONS
:cy~)~,:.,
,,,.tt)’.
...‘4,*, .,.,+,,$/),,:.,
W~T
?:>
k .....{?:,l:. ’ ,.
la ,>,,,,,
0 9
?*.~~
*J$:$,:*:,t
Linked page access keys. The decoder stores four pages of t%t. These are the display page and the three pages
corresponding to the red, green and yellow links. Th~blue8nked page is not acquired in advance. In the absence
of FLOF data or if the links are disabled by the coqf?o$.~t in packet 27, the red key is Page+ 1and the 9reen key
page-1. Under these circumstances the requex~~age and the next three pages are acquired.
~?~J>3
,.- ,:. \,
Pc /
,i>i~$ .,. * .
Text m@: $~ter subpage mode, (max. 3979). TV mode: Display time in topright-hand corner for 5 seconds.
Pres$~~&$Q$key during a station identification display (packet 8 0 bytes 1030) can be used to extend this display
be~~~.~be five seconds it appears for, after a channel change.
, >+,,:,,,,\~,
?kc$
Halt acquisition, “STOP” is displayed instead of page number, Press again to restart, If acquisition has been
stopped by partially entering a new page number then this key can be used to return to the original page.
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MIWNOMIX
Toggle between Teletext and mixed display. Use of this key causes the display of the top status row for 5 seconds
if it is not being displayed be~use the current page is a newsfiash or asubtitle, 5243 contrast reduction is enabled
in mixed mode.
FULuOP/BOT
UPDATE
Return to picture until a new version of the requested page arrives. When it ar~~{;~~$~ page no. is displayed in
the topright-hand corner, the key operates in both W and Teletext mode, si~+~~~Qt into N mode. Any boxed
information (alarm clock, newsflash or subtitle) will be displayed. In suw~ @ode the complete header is
.,,, >.$’
displayed so that both page& subpage numbers can be seen. Cancel up-;Ytering Teletext mode and then
going back to W mode by pressing the Wflext key twice.
., ;.,4 .
,>....,
..... .... *,s.
,,
.$,, ’: :e,,:
The Teletext module (list ing 2)comprises variou~t~~~~titines which are used both by the idle loop and to perform
any Teletext actions initiated by commands from ~ lb remote control. They are described in the order in which
they appear in the listing.
.. *~’:
.$..%:$.
,+~
~X is executed when the WflEXT.Q$~o$~S pressed. Its function is to toggle between W mode and Teletext
mode. The flag O,STAT indicates
tb,~c~~~~fit
ode. This flag routes the microprocessor to execute either TnOFF
or THON according to the curf&$R~.We. TXTON checks that Teletext hardware is present and does nothing if
there has been no IIC acknoW.~@~f, however, a 5243 is present in the N, it clears all transients (OSDLE) and
sets up the Teletext mode. $&~R&;alisesthe control registers (R5 and R6) to display text and background both in
and out of boxes. For ,~~~f~hes the set-up is text and background within boxes and picture outside, ~OFF
also resets transie~{$$$gt~?orces N mode and sync, Polling and updating continue as a background activi~,
.
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6b. Subroutines: Colours, INDEX, NPAGE and PPAGE
The four colour keys (Red, Green, Yellow and Blue) are primarily intended for selecting Teletext linked pages.
When pressed the chapter which corresponds to theappropriateacquisition circuit isselected for display. If l inks
are dsabled (by the link control bit or because there isno packet 27), then the REDand GREEN keys select current
page +1 and-1 respectively. This choice istaken according to the state of flag 3,STAT3 which reflects the condition
of the link control bit in packet 27. The code executed by RED, if l inks are not in use, is the same as that executed
by the “+” function (NPAGE) which always selects the next page. Similarly the alternative GREEN function
(PPAGE) is the same as for the “-” key. The YELLOW and BLUE keys do nothing under these circumstances. ln,?t;~~
Spanish Teletext the GREEN, YELLOW and BLUE links can be individually inhibited, but the RED link is op~$~;.~
inhibited if all links are off.
‘l*T>*.?,,..
...+,.~~..:,>
{*,
,,\;-&.J-f,>
i,i
The chapter associated with the selected page is displayed immediately if it has already been request~~,~.hh$dill
normally be the case if a linked page (red, green or yellow) has been selected. The code at label LPK~_uted
if the page has already been requested. If not, a jump to CLRPD is performed. CLRPD is a label ~WQ~@DIGITO;
the code at CLRPD requests a new page just as if the page number had been entered man~{~$ If fhe required
acquisition circuit is the one already current, then the “unstop” code is executed. This ~w$l~e 9reen Page
bein~ooke~for header to roll as though the page number had just been entered. This _sJh%t something can
be seen to happen in the case where the linked page differs only from the current w~~~~~ subpage number.
Linked subpagesare not fully supported inthis implementation astheyare rarely q~edh~5roadcasters and would
significantly increase the size of the software. When the chapter ischanged the~ik~xt PBLF (Page being looked
for) flag is checked. If it is low the FOUND flag is cleared. This forces the ~f~~~ of the links associated with
the new dsplay page. If the page is not already in, this will automatical~h~~.@ when it arrives so the FOUND
flag does not need to be cleared.
~}.,.)~
~=
~*, ,,,,
,,.> -\:.i\..,.t~\\
The second ~~i~~p LINK allocates new page numbers to the remaining unused acquisition circuits. It uses GLP2
to clear t~~$$~a~ant chapters in the Teletext memory and make the new requests. Subroutine CHCK1 is used
to chec~-w@%er or not an acquisition circuit is in use before it is loaded with a new page number from the LIFO.
,k:,~i]“’?:i,:i~’”
~~~s@~~hod of organizing new page requests prevents unnecessary requests being made for pages already
r$@$ted. This is particularly important when links are disabled and pages are being requested using the “+”
o*-” functions, Under these circumstances when the page number is incremented (or decremented) only one
new page has to be requested (new display page+ 3), while page, page+ 1and page+2 do not need to change and
can be left in their current acquisition circuits.
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NOTOK3 and NOTOK2 handle the RED and GREEN functions when links are disabled. They are disabled if the
Iinkcontrol bit (packet 27 bit3, byte 43) iszeroorif there isnopacket27, These subroutines respectively increment
and decrement the current page number (units and tens). The current magazine number (page hundreds) is
not affected.
6d. Subroutines:
ROW24, W2B, R2B, GCYI, CUNK and DECODE
ROW24 is used to transfer ghost row 20 (packet 24) into the display chapter. This has to be done via the &~Cbus.
The loop reads two bytes via the IIC (subroutine R2B) bus from the ghost page and writes it to the di:~~:~ge
(subroutine W2B). The FOUND flag is then set to indicate that the arrival of the page has been regow$d and
acted upon. This subroutine is only called by the idle loop and is used along with the other su,~m~s which
get information from the ghost page (CLINK, LINK and GET25).
., +>:,
1:;,t*...,,
~“.
~t.i”
,,.2.~~
R2B and W2B use IIC routines RWD and SEND which are outwith the Teletext modul~: $“
.... ..\,
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6f. Subroutines: REVEAL, EXPTB and TIME
The REVEAL function muses anv hidden displav information to appear, It is controlled bya bit in the displav mode
register (R7), The software example leaves anv revealed information permanently displayed, If, however, it is
required that such information disappear when the page is updated (this mav be better for a quiz page), then the
two commented out lines (80 and 81) in the idle loop should be enabled,
The display expand facility is controlled bv another two bits in R7, The EXPTB sub-routine cvcles through normal,
to~half double height and bottom-half double height.
st.,
.,.,..)\i.
, ::;~~.”,?,i.
\\.$.>
*,.{*.
The example application uses a single IB key (subroutine TIME) for both the displav of the Teletext clock and a$+j>
entry into subpage mode. IF the set is in TV mode then the time is displayed for 5 seconds. If the ~ is i@~%&i~
mode then subpage mode is selected. Subpage number entry is described in the following section. &&ke
Teletext clock is requested itappears (boxed) at the to~right-hand corner. It is removed by the idle,lo~~,~~nds
after the last press of the time button. When the time is being displaved all other Teletext act:l~~j~opped
using UCHOLD.
. ’,..“~?,
v:. ..~.,
6g. Subroutines: DIGITS, SUBPG, GET25 and GET26
. .\&
*:*:+l;,;:>$,,.
DIGITS is the subpage version of DIGITO and uses similar code. More checks on,the ~.~ut data are required as
the four digits of the subpage number have different maximum values. These $~$wums are 3 for thousands,
7 for the tens and 9 for the hundreds and units. These values reflect the sub@&~:.,
,.:,,:/.
The code at the label SETIT is the subpage equivalent of GETIT, -~kd above. It requests the new su~page
and sets the FOUND flag.
ii: ,,
,S>~
,,.\&l%,”
:.]1’,*’:,~.
The subroutine SUBPG IS called when the TIME (or clockp%~j is pressed (TV in Teletext mode). It toggles
between normal mode and subpage mode. When s@p@e mode is entered the page number displav (P—) is
replaced with
***
to indicate the mode change and:’?b:~rompt for the entry of a subpage number. Once all four
‘+*Y
digits have been entered the new sub-page is re,%S~d’by SETIT. The code at the label RSTR is used to exit from
this mode back to the normal (page number) ~’:,~>$estoring the page number displav to the top-left-hand corner.
...,
j:i.>~$*L
GET25 is used bv the idle loop to get $N~~~~&rmatlon stored in row 25 of the displav chapter. This row is not
d(splaved but contains various info~~~~h used bv the control microprocessor. The current page number,
magazine number, sub-page nu@r~~ etext control bits and the FOUND and PBLF flags are available. GET25
gets the required information,~~,$~~des it in the RAM of the MC68HC05T7.
~ ,.,.
,,1,
At the end of this subro@&~fi@J~/O line 7,portB is checked. If it is low, packet 26 is handled. If it is high, this
packet is disabled. Thi$w~@be required if this application were to be used in a country other than Spain which
used packet 26. It ~.~~?ti require to be switched off as the enhanced displav feature uses different characters
* ~tf.,
depending on th~,f?~%h~fi.n countries which do not use packet 26 (eg the UK) it does not matter whether or not
packet 26 is e~a~e~:’
,?j$,, ~:\?
.
I f packet:~& iS&’abled, GET26 processes all packet 26 data present in the ghost page. The tables G2TAB, G3TAB
and ~3A~,:q$%tain the characters used to replace the character at the displav location defined bv each packet.
>,
>.:.,.,..,),:,,,.
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6h. Subroutines:
GIP, W4T and SW4T
The subroutine GIP gets the initial (index) page from packet 8B0, It will be doing this as the set is brought
out of standby or just after a channel change. It mav thus initiallv get a poor signal (or there mav be no
Teletexti so it tries repeatedly until it finds a valid packet 8B0 format 1. If this is not found after 96 tries it
gives up and sets the flag 6,STAT2 to indicate that there is no packet 8B0 (or no Teletext). In this
circumstance it defaults to an index page number of 100.
st.,\
R24T transfers bytes 1&30 ofthe broadcastingservice data packet (8/30) intothe display chapter. It isc~~,$hce
a second for five seconds after power-on ora channel change. The data istransferred to row Oof t~,~w~ page
which can be displaved either at the bottom or, as inthis example, the top of the screen. Thi:~:t$a$$~ti @sPlav
issetup using the subroutine SR24T ifTeletext is present. If the flag 6,STAT2 has been set,,QW~~~ ~*described
above then SR24T does nothing. The transient displav is terminated bv code executed aE;XM,qPProPriatetime
from within the idle loop,
‘b>%>.,t..:
.\,\;:,,
,,~ ~,h
,,.. ,/
~.$&\.4,
.,. ,~
7. INPUT AND OUTPUTS %,~i(’$;.
‘~‘..*;:::,.
\t,).
.~..
.~
‘‘>,*,”,::)“~’
Apart from the IIC bus, onlv three pins on the controlling microprocess~~&~~levant to Teletext. Two inputs
select the usage of packets 26 and 27 and one output can be used to+~~nt?a.anyhardware which requires to be
changed according to whether or not there is a W picture currently %~~displaved. In manv applications some
,%,,,.*,
orall of these functions will not be required and could be elimin~ted~@m the software thus freeing upthe pins
for other uses.
>*
* “*?..,..\\,,
,. .;> ‘++
.*.,,
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LISTING 1
30
31
32
33
34
35
36 00000000
37 00000003
38 00000005
39 00000001
40 00000009
41 Oooooooc
42 Ooooooof
43 00000011
44 00000013
45 00000016
46 00000018
47 0000001.
48 0000001.
49 Oooooolf
50 00000022
51 00000025
52 00000028
53 0000002b
54 0000002.
55 00000031
S6 00000034
S7 00000037
58 0000003.
59 0000003.
60 0000003f
61 00000042
62 00000044
63 00000046
64 00000048
65 0000004b
66 0000004,
61 000000S1
68 00000054
69 00000057
70 0000005.
71 0000005.
72 0000005,
73 90000060
74 90000062
7S 90000064
16 00000066
77 00000068
78 0000006b
7s 0000006.
80
0d13Cd
>3.00
>3.00
>3.00
>cdOOOO
030104
>1600
Zosr
>010009
>1700
>,500
>Ifoo
>cdOOOO
>cdOOOO
>02004d
>02004.
>0.0041
>040044
>0.0041
>06003,
>0c003b
>Ofooos
>lfoo
>cdOOOO
>01001.
>b60D
.130
252.
>Cdoooo
>cdOOOO
>cdOOOO
>cdOOOO
>09000s
>0b0002
ad6e
>1100
>D600
>b?oo
.608
>b700
.6:9
>cdOOOO
>080104
>1000
81
82 00000010 >3f00
83 00000072 >04008b
84 00000375 >060088
8S 9000027S >090085
86
*,
88
89
90
91
$,
;: C000C27b
94 0000007d
95 0000007f
96 OCOOC081
97 3COO0084
98 00000086
99 00009C88
:$0 ocoooc8a
>9: 30000084
:C2 $oo~s$ef
:33 0000099>
:54 00009C93
>b600
.150
2403
>..0000
>b600
.104
2603
>cdOOOO
>3foo
>3,00
2?03
>..0000
........................................................
.
Idle 100P.
, .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I
LP
FON
ALRON
DNTRS
NOUP
N024
.
F1
........
BRCLR
lNC
1 NC
lNC
JSR
BRCLR
BSET
BM
BRCU
BC~
BC
LR
BC ~
JSR
JSR
BRSET
BRSET
BRSET
B R S E T
BRSET
BRSET
BRSET
BRCLR
BCLR
J SR
BRCLR
LDA
cm
BW
J SR
J SR
JSR
JSR
8RCLR
BRCLR
BSR
BC LR
WA
STA
WA
S
TA
LD A
J SR
BRSET
BSET
BCLR
JSR
CLR
BRSET
BRSET
BRCLR
. . . . . . . .
6,1s,,.
CNT1
CNT4
CNT5
KBD
1,PORTB,FOX
3,STAT2
F1
3,STAT2,
AUO.
3.STAT2
2;ST*T2
7,STATS
RESTRT
VCRPOLL
1,STAT2, F1
1,STAT4,F1
6,STAT1,F1
2,sTAT2, F1
5,STAT,F1
3,STAT4,F1
6,STAT4,F1
7,STAT5,DNTRS
7,STAT5
sTmT2
0.STAT2,N024
CNT4
*48
,1
CLINK
LXNK
R0W24
GET25
4,STAT2,NOUP
5,STAT2,NOUP
MRW
o,STAT2
Acc
R8
R2B
4,1OBUF+l, F1
0,STAT2
5,R7
TxT2
CNT4
2,STAT2,1LP
3,STAT2,1LP
4,STAT.lLP
OUT,”, CWME E=.
TE~TEXT TWSIENT
POW 24 DEMY
MUTE TMSIENT
KEY~=D ‘ ,1~,.
.. .. .. .....?... *J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TXTR1
TXTR2
.
.
End Teletext
tra., ie,t, .
.
. .
Clear mode bits (.h...el mode, 2-digit
.
Pr.q. ... ,.t~y ....J
.
.
........................................................
RST~ BRCLR
JSR
SOS2 BCm
0,
STAT5,
S0S2
2-DIGIT
Pr. NO. ENTRY ?
RES YES ,
RESTORE
DISP
2,STAT4 ME SURE ITS PROGM MODE
RsTm2 B... 4.STAT4 RESET 0s. ,-s1,., FUG
RST~3 BCLR 4;STAT RESET ~lN TMSIENT F-G
BRCLR 5,STAT, TXTR1 TIK HOLD ?
BCLR 5,STAT YES, CLE~ IT
LDA 0S03
STA ,S
S
TA
JSR
BRSET
JSR
BCm
B R S E T
,.,
STA
C LR
Jw
.
TXT2 STOP T1~ EXIT FMSH
2,STAT, TXTR1 OTHER HOLD ?
NOTTH NO, S0 CLE= HOLD
0,R7 ~X OFF RW 0
0, STAT, TXTR2 TELETEXT ?
ACC
R4
R7
NO, ALL ~XES OFF
TXT2
YE,
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139
........................................................
140
.
141
.
.
142
UWat.d Page has arrived.
.
,,3
........................................................
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
1s5
156
1s7
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
161
168
169
170
171
172
113
174
175
Ooooooff
00000102
00000104
>b600
>b,oo
>1900
>IBOO
>:;0000
>0.000s
,606
>cdOOOO
.646
>b,oo
>b,oo
.603
>050002
.602
>b,oo
>..0000
.610
>b7 00
.606
,b700
>bloo
>3f00
>cdOOOO
013.03
>1,00
81
j;~ 00000105 >ccOOOO
178
119
180
181
182
183
104
165
186
187
188
189
190
19:
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
201
208
209
210
211
212
213
?,.
00000108
0000010.
0000010.
0000010,
Ooooolor
00000111
00000113
00000115
00000117
00000119
OOOOO1lb
Ooooolld
Ooooollf
00000121
00000123
00000125
00000127
00000128
Ooooolza
0000012.
0000012,
00000130
00000132
00000133
>b600
>b700
>1100
81
>bfoo
>1100
>b600
ad25
>b600
.180
2606
>b600
adlb
>3.00
>beoo
ti14
>3.00
>3,00
26.9
1b3b
9,
81
sPm
NNr
RESTRT
K
::
CLM
JSR
BRSET
L.&
JSR
LDA
, TA
s
T*
LDA
BRCU
LDA
s TA
Jm
ACC
R4
4,STAT
5,STAT
mxoo.
6,STAT,SPm
%XOOF
+$46
R5
R6
+s03
2,C3,NNF
+$02
R7
TXT2
LDA
ST.
LDA
S
TA
STA
C
LR
JSR
B.
CL.
BSET
RTS
0 , M R, ACKOK
6, STAT7
RES
LDA
STA
BCLR
-S RTS
SEND BSR
STX
BC L R
LDA
BSR
~BU LDA
cm
BNE
LDA
,Roc
.1s,
0,STAT5
KILL
TWSIENTS
S“B-PAGE
MODE 2
No,
smLL
w,
DPNT
0,x
SHIFT
DPNT
W
~BU
5,MCR
DATA
BUFFER
O XNTER
SS.3
DATA
DONE ?
S
TO?
MSR llC SET-UP
FDR
90 KHz
+SBO
EN=LE 1:C AS mSTER
MCR T-SMI TTER , sTmT
.mR
7,”SR,.
SEND
::AU
“AIT Ioms (EEFRO” mITE)
35
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........................................................
.
31
232
233
234
235
236 0000014b adO.
237 0000014d >b600
238 00000141 >bl O1
239 00000151 >b600
240 00000153 .1,1
241 00000155 2602
242 000001S7 >3cO0
243
244 00000159 .dd9
245 0000015b ,1100
246 0000015d ,b60U
247 0000015C .ddd
248 00000161 >b600
249 00000163 add9
250 00000165 1b3b
251
252
2S3
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
211
272
273
214
275
276
277
278
279
00000167
00000169
0000016b
00000166
OOO0016f
00000171
00000173
00000175
300001?8
0000017,
0000017.
0000013,
Ooooollf
00000180
00000182
1a3b
>1000
>b600
adcf
193b
163b
b63d
0f3. fd
1b3b
b63d
>b700
9.
e:
3f3c
80
.
llC
read.
i
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rm
REM 1
.
.
.
,
. . . . . . . .
BSR
s?
LDA
:%
rNc
BSR
BCLR
LDA
BSR
LDA
BSR
BCLR
.s,,
BSET
LDA
BSR
BC ~
BSET
LDA
BRC LR
BSET
K
mcLR
BCL.
E
CL1
RTS
.........
REml
10BUF
10B”F+ 1
-DR
*$*1
,-1
SUWR
IICSU
O,WDR
m. R
S“1,
SUWR
SHIFT
5, MCR
5,MCR
O,WOR
mo,
SHIFT
4,MCR
3, MCR
m.
7,.s,, .
3 , M ,.
m,
10 BUF + 1
7, HSR, .
5 , UCR
NR
10BUF
GET
FIRST
BYTE
~= IT UP
m?
YES, =XT
SUB-~
DRESS
,-.. . .. ,.
AST BYTE SO STOP
GET
BYTE
MD
SAE
T
36
-
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LISTING2
.
27 00000006
27 00000009
: ; 0000000,
............................................................................
.
.
mlT*lete.t/aDlstereo program ,MC68HC05T7)
.
.
.
.
CCT
Teletext control module ,sP, in)
. .
.
U**6 With ~T8. s05, OST. S05 ‘ TMT7. S 05
.
. This
software ,,, develowd by Motorola
Ltd for d-”st ratio” P, Po,,, .
: NO liability can ~ aceePte6 for it, “,. in any specific application. .
Original software coPyriqht Motorola - all rights rese, ved
.
. .. .
PORTA ZQU
PORTB EQU
P~TC EQU
P~TD EOU
DDM
EQU
DDRB EQU
DDRc
EQU
DDRO
EQU
$12
$13
$14
$15
$16
$17
S18
$19
$lC
$39
$3A
$3B
$3C
$3D
S3L
S3F
Tim,, control reai,ter
18 OSD data
registers
color
&
status register
color 3/4 register
Row address ‘ character
size
Windo”/Col - xeqi,ter
Col-{ color register
Horizontal position delay
Test
1, OSD/Tin,
r/PM
Test 2, EPROM
37
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:;
21
27
21
27
27 00000000
27 00000001
27 00000002
27 00000003
21 00000004
21 Ooouooos
27 00000006
27 00000007
27 00000008
27 00000009
27 0000OOOa
27 0000OOOb
27 0000000.
27 0000OOOd
27 OOOOOOOe
27 OOOOOOOf
21 00000010
27 00000011
27 00000012
27 00000013
27 00000014
27 0D000015
27 00000016
27 0000001?
27 00000020
27 00000021
27 0000002.
27 0000002d
27 00000030
27 00000033
27 00000036
27 00000039
27 0000003a
27 0000003,
27 0000003?
27 00000040
21 00000041
21 00000042
;; 00000046
27
27
27
27
21
:;
;; 00000047
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
27 00000048
27 00000049
27 0000004.
27 OOOO004b
27 OOOOO04C
27 0000004d
27 0000004.
27 O000004f
21 00000050
21 000000s1
27 00000052
27 000000S3
27 00000054
27 000000ss
27
27
27
27
27
27
27
;; 00000056
27
27
,.
........................................................
Teletext W allocation.
.
.
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SUB1
R]
,2
R3
c1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
SUB2
R4
.5
R6
R7
SUB3
R@
.9
R1O
,11
P.
PT
,“
.,,0
FACE
FAGO
PAG1
PAG2
PAG3
?*GC
PAG1
PDP
ACC
WACC
~DR
DPNT
SU~R
1OBu r
STAT2
.
.
STAT3
mode
P.qe
~.9.
. . q ~
. . . ..5: .,,
. . . ..6: .,,
dis~l. cha~ter
eqist.
r
di,P1ay control register (normal)
disP1ay control register (news/sub)
dlSP1ay mode reqister
active chaPter register
active ... register
active .01- register
;;? d~ta =eq~,ter
3,a - -
4th - -
LINKED PAGE NO, LIFO BUFFER
PAGE No. INPUT
BUFFER
ACO PAGE NO.
AC1 PACE No.
AC2 PAGE NO.
AC3 PAGE N..
CYW PAGE NO.
INDEX PAGE No.
~,.. ..... .A,u.m.
“
....................................*~ ..................
.
.
.
Pm
,,0.
cm
DISP
DISC
,,”..
AVOL
BRIL
KEY
~N“”o
lRW1
1RW2
1R~3
1RW4
DIFFH
DIFFL
lRH
IRL
IRcODE
1RCNT
lRCMCT
OLDIR
..,,?’
PL L DIVIDE WTIO MSB
PLL
DIVIDE MTIO
LSB
WORK I,.
WP COUNTER
WCAL XEYWMD COUNTER
12,8.s {inc, fzee r“””ing)
12,8ms (i”., reset every 1S d“,inq tra”, ient)
3.25 S [de., automatic standby timeout)
12.8.s (cleared for .0.24 delay when Paqe a=rives)
12.8.s (i”., transient mute)
TMSIEMT DISP~Y SECONDS COUNTER
0: TV/TELETEXT
1: IIC R/W
2: HOLD
3: IR REPEAT INHIBIT
4: TWSIENT DISPMY ON
S: T1~ HOLD
6: SUB-PAGE MODE
7: lR TASK PENDING
0: KEY FUNCTION PERFO=D
1: WCAL RZPEATING
2: P/c PROG : 0, CM : 1
3: MUTE (TmSIENT)
4: OSD STATUS TWSIENT
5: MUTE (BUTTON)
6: COINCIDENCE MUTE
7: SZ~CH
$55 AT RESET, $~ NO&WLLY
CURRENT PROCW NU~ER
CURRENT CMNEL NU~ER
CURRENT DISP~Y NU=ER lPRO=W)
CURRENT DISPUY NU~ER (CMNEL)
FINE TUNING REG1STER
“oL”m LZ=L
BR1LLIMCE LE~L
CODE OF PRESSED KEY (mCAL)
LED DISP~Y M
1, INTERRUPT TE~
.“.
. . .
,. .
lR TIW DIFF~RENCE
. .
IR cODE BIT
COLUCTION
38
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27
27
::
27
,,
;1 0000006.
27 0000006d
27 0000006.
27 0000006f
27
;7 00000070
27 00000071
2? 00000072
27 00000073
27 00000014
27 00000075
27 00000076
27 00000077
27
27
27 00000018
27
27
21
27 00000079
2,
21
21
27
27
,7
51
21
;; 0000007.
27
>,
;+
;;
27
27
;;
;;
27
27
21 0000007b
27 0000007.
27 OO00007d
27 Oooooole
21 oQo0007r
21 00000080
27 00000081
27 00000082
27 00000083
27 00000084
21 00000085
27 00000086
27 00000081
27 00000088
27 00000089
27 0000008,
27 OOOOOO@b
27 0000006.
27 Ooooooed
27 0000008e
27 OOOOO08C
27 00000090
27 00000091
27 00000092
>7
........................................................
.
.
.
m allocationor Ste,
eoto”
.
........................................................
xl
LVL
;?L
HW
TONE
-TRIx
K2
sTAT5
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
STAT 6
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
STAT7
.
.
,
.
.
,
.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
12
22
1
SECTION .M2, C0~
w 128
SECTION R0M2
X },ROW~, =010”,
R.” ad~res, ,
Winao.
colon,
ROW 2, color
R.. atidre,s c
Window CO1O”.
ROW 3, colouc
ROW address ‘
Window C.1OUX
ROW 4, CO1OU,
ROW ,d&,e,, ,
Wind.” CO1O”,
Row 5. ..10.,
Row address ‘
Window CO1OUZ
ROW 6, CO1OUZ
R.. aaaze., 6
W1”dow CO1OU,
ROW 7, CO1OU,
R.. add,,,, ‘
Window CO1O..
ROW 8, C.1OU.
Row address ‘
Window CO1OU.
1/2 6 .“tline enable
character site
& end col-
1/2 6 o“tli. e enable
character size
‘ end col-
112 ‘ o“tli.e enable
character ,1,,
‘ end col-
1/2 ‘ outline enable
character
size
, end .01-.
1[2 , o“tl,.,e enable
character ,1,,
‘ end col -
1/2 & Outline enable
character ,1,,
‘ e“d col-
112 ‘ .utl.ne enable
character sire
‘ end col-
112 ‘ o“tli”e e.abl,
character ,1.,
& end col-
“N”SED
23 BYTES USED FOR STACK
(1 INTERRUPT MD 9 NESTED SUBS I
39
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........................................................
:;
.
33
.
.
T.1.t.xt/Tv switching.
34
.
.
35
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
,.
.“
31 00000000
38 00000003
39 00000006
40 00000008
41 0000O OO b
42 0000O OO d
43 O oo oo oo f
44 00000011
45 00000013
46 00000015
47 00000018
48 0000001 ,
49 0000O O1d
50 00000020
5 : 00000022
52 00000024
53 00000026
54 00000028
55 0000002 ,
:: 00 00 00 2.
,,
58 o oo 0002 f
59 00000032
60 00000034
61 00000037
62 0000003 .
63 0000003 .
64 0000003 f
65 00000041
66 00000043
67 00000045
68 00000047
69 00000049
70 0000004b
71 0000004d
72 0000004f
13 00000051
74 00000054
75 00000056
76
77 00000059
78 0000005b
79 O oo oo osd
80 0000005 f
81 00000061
82 00000063
83 00000065
84 00000067
85 00000069
86 0000006b
87 0000006d
08 0000006f
89 00000071
90 00000073
91 00000075
92 00000077
93 00000079
94 0000007 .
95 0000007b
,000037
>0.0074
>1000
>edoooo
,616
>b700
>1900
,1900
,,roo
,obooo*
,Iboo
>040003
>cd OOOO
a 6..
,b700
.646
,b, oo
>b$oo
>b, oo
>..0000
>0.0048
>1800
>090003
>cdOOOO
>1100
>cd OOOO
>1100
.610
>b700
>1900
>lbOO
,603
>b, oc
>b, oo
>3f00
>cd OOOO
.602
>Ccoooo
,.602
.139
221b
.130
2517
>.601
.139
2211
,130
250d
>.600
.137
2207
.130
2503
>b700
81
99
81
WTX
TXTON
NOTT
UPDATE
TXTOFF
TXTOF
RST
TEST
0, STAT,
TXTOFf
6, STAT7 , PWIC
0 , S TAT
OsDx
#S16
RI
4,
STAT
4, STAT2
7, STAT2
5, STAT, NOTT
5 , S TAT
2, STAT, NOTT
NOTTH
*SCC
R5
4$46
R6
ACC
R4
TW2
6, STAT7 , PWIC
4, STAT2
4 , S TAT, T XT OF F
NOTTH
0 , S TAT
OSDLE
O, STAT
*$10
RI
4 , S TAT
5 , S TAT
+s03
RS
R6
R7
40
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42/472
192
193
194
195
196
191
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
20s
206
207
20s
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
2
252
253
,s.
........................................................
.
.
.
Red,
Green
& Yello” keys
,
.
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RED
NPAGE
RED2
LPT2
GREEN
PPAGE
GWK
1Go
YEL~
ICI
UT
NTSAC
SKOSP
CMO
cOK
NOTH~
iEET
JSR
JSR
Bm
J w
:4
CLR
BRSET
JSR
JSR
BU
Jm
BRSET
BRCLR
LDA
BM
BRCLR
B R S B T
BRC~
LDA
STA
Ls m
mo
TX
JSR
BCS
UA
:E
SET
BM
~cLR
JSR
JSR
cm
=C LR
JSR
K
U&
P
DP
3,STAT3,RED2
LIMS
ON ?
NO, S0
FORCE
M 1 NCRWNT
A-Y REQUESTED ?
NO, GETIT
0000O1b
DOOOO1d
00000120
00000123
00000126
00000128
0000012b
0000012d
>cd OOOO
>cd OOOO
252c
>..0000
>b601
2025
1 NDXP
NOTOK3
LPT
C~D
ACC+1
LPT
ooo0012f
00000131
>3foo
>06000h
PDF
3,STAT3, G~K LINKS OX ?
NO, S0 MRCE A DECRWNT
ALR-Y
EQUESTED ?
NO,
GETIT
GYC BITS
EN-LED ?
GREENINK ON ?
>cd
OOOO
,.d OOOO
2518
>..0000
0.0103
>010061
>b602
200b
00000134
00000137
0000013,
0000013.
oo00013f
00000142
00000145
00000147
1 mxP
N0T0K2
LPT
C~D
6,PORTB, lGO
0,STAT3,-C
ACC+2
~T
90000149
0000014.
0000014C
00000152
00000154
00000156
90000157
00000159
0000015.
0000015d
Ooooolsr
00000161
00000163
00000165
00000161
00000169
0DOO016C
0000016f
00000172
00000174
0000017?
0000017.
0000017c
0000017,
00000180
00000182
00000184
00000187
00C00189
>07005.
OCO1O3
>030054
>b603
>b70C
,Vboo
>::0000
2547
>b600
>blOD
2604
>1400
2009
>Od0U03
>Cdoooo
>cdOOOO
>3f00
>050003
>cdOOOO
.60=
>b700
>b60 O
>b700
>b700
>Cdoooo
>1500
>..0000
3,STAT3, -C
6,P0RTB, Icl
1,sTAT3,mc
ACC+3
LINKS
ON 2
GYC
BITS EN~~D ?
YELW
LINKS ON ?
W3
.3
TEST
x2
X3 FOR PAGE POINTER
IS PAGE No. 0. ?
IF NOT ~RT
ACC NO
IF SW ACC CCT
THEN FORCE UNSTOP
MC
W3
ACC
NTSAC
2,STAT
Cmo
6,STAT, SKOSP
OUTSP
RSTR
PDP
2,sTAT,NOTHLD
NOHOLD
4SOF
C6
W3
ST*
STA
JSR
BC LR
J~
,4
ACC
CFND
2,STAT
TXT2
‘~..>>
CHECK ,@}~%& lF-&lGH DO NOTHING
IF m%. (PA~ FOwD) C=~ FOUNDS
TO ~g~,:;>mCHING OF LINKS.
.+.4%$ ...’.’’.”””..”.:
...............................+.
,
.’ .,*
.
Index ‘ Cyan keys,
~,,,
.
.
.
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643 000004Dd
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