A NEW ERA FOR TRANSATLANTIC TRADE LEADERSHIP (Eng) / Una nueva era para el liderazgo del comercio...

8/2/2019 A NEW ERA FOR TRANSATLANTIC TRADE LEADERSHIP (Eng) / Una nueva era para el liderazgo del comercio trasatl

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H BEQ ETH GIT VTHB^HVLHBVJN

VTHFE LEHFET^@J[H Te{itv gtim v`e Vthb~hvlhbvjn Vh~c Gitne ib Vthfe hbf Jbwe~vmebv

GEDTUHTZ 4;84


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8

H Beq Eth git Vthb~hvlhbvjnVthfe Lehfet~`j{

H Te{itv gtim v`e Vthb~hvlhbvjnVh~c Gitne ib Vthfe hbf Jbwe~vmebv

Gedtuhtz 4;84


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4

Qe ~vhbf dz vè Fi`h Feweli{mebv Haebfh (FFH* mhbfhve" @iqewet, jv j~ nleht v`hv qe qjll biv

nim{leve vè FFH jg qe nibvjbue vi nibfunv beaivjhvjib~ h~ qe `hwe jb vè {h~v" Qe teniabje vè

{tiate~~ hn`jewef ~i ght" Vi nibvtjduve vi nibfebne, qe beef vi {ut~ue jb 4;84 gte~`, ntefjdle h{-

{tihnè~ vi gutvètjba beaivjhvjib~

A4; Nhbbe~ ummjv Gjbhl Fenlhthvjib Dujlfjba Iut Nimmib Guvute? Tebeqef Nillenvjwe Hnvjib

git vè Debev ig Hll, 6 Biwemdet, 4;88

Qe mu~v jbveb~jgz iut eggitv~ vi tehlje vè ubvh{{ef {ivebvjhl ig vthb~hvlhbvjn enibimjn nii{eth-

vjib vi aebethve beq i{{itvubjvje~ git oid~ hbf atiqv`Vi v`hv ebf, qe `hwe fjtenvef vè VEN vi

e~vhdlj~` h oijbv @ja` Lewel Qitcjba Atiu{ ib Oid~ hbf Atiqv` Qe h~c vè Qitcjba Atiu{ vi

jfebvjgz hbf h~~e~~ i{vjib~ git ~vtebavèbjba vè U"^"-EU enibimjn telhvjib~`j{, e~{enjhllz vì~e

v`hv hwe vè jaè~v {ivebvjhl vi ~u{{itv oid~ hbf atiqv`"

Oijbv vhvemebv ig vè EU-U"^" ummjv, Biwemdet 40, 4;88


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>

MEMDET^ IG V@E VTHB^HVLHBVJN

VH^C GITNE IB VTHFE HBF

JBWE^VMEBV/

VH^C GITNE N@HJT^

Eqh Dotljba (ni-n`hjt*, Mjbj~vet git Vthfe,^qefeb

Ojm Cilde (ni-n`hjt*, Gitmet Memdet ig U"^"

Nibate~~3 êbjit Vthb~hvlhbvjn Gelliq qjv`

vè Aetmhb Mht~`hll Gubf ig vè Ubjvef vhve~

VH^C GITNE MEMDET^

Fhbjel Ftezbet, [tige~~it ig Jbvetbhvjibhl

[iljvjn~ hv vè Glevnèt ^nìil ig Lhq hbf Fj-

{limhnz hv Vugv~ Ubjwet~jvz3 êbjit Efjvit hv

Vè Bhvjibhl Jbvete~v3 Nibvtjduvjba Efjvit hv

Gitejab [iljnz

Vìmh~ @httj~, Wjne N`hjtmhb ig ^vhbfhtf

N`htvetef Dhbc3 Bib-epenuvjwe Fjtenvit, Oi`b-

~ib Mhvvèz [ln

N`htle~ [" @eevet Ot", N`hjtmhb ig vè Du~j-

be~~ hbf Jbfu~vtz Hfwj~itz Nimmjvvee (DJHN*

vi vè IENF

Oebbjget @jllmhb, Memdet ig vè QVI H{-

{ellhve Difz3 êbjit Vthb~hvlhbvjn Gelliq hv

vè AMG

N`htle~ ^" Lew, [htvbet, Nh~~jfz Lewz Cebv

Etjch Mhbb, Fjtenvit ig EU [iljnz, Ghnediic3

Dihtf Memdet ig JNHBB3 Gitmet Lehfjba

Memdet ig vè Euti{ehb [htljhmebv~ Nim-

mjvvee ib Jbvetbhvjibhl Vthfe

[hvtjnc Me~~etljb, [tige~~it ig Enibimjn~ hv

^njebne~ [i hbf Fjtenvit ig Atiu{e fEnibimje

Mibfjhle

@uai [hemeb, Gitmet EU Hmdh~~hfit vi vè

U"^"3 êbjit Hfwj~it, @iahb Liwell~ LL[

Hbh [hlhnji, gitmet Mjbj~vet ig Gitejab Hg-

ghjt~ ig ^{hjb3 gitmet êbjit Wjne [te~jfebv ig

vè Qitlf Dhbc

Ohme~ @" Xujale, N`jeg Epenuvjwe Iggjnet,

Felijvve Viunè Vi`mhv~u

û~hb N" ^n`qhd, [tige~~it ig [udljn [iljnz hv

vè Ubjwet~jvz ig Mhtzlhbf3 ^vthveajn Hfwj~et,

Mhzet Dtiqb LL[3 gitmet Ubjvef vhve~ Vthfe

Te{te~ebvhvjwe (U^VT*

VH^C GITNE TH[[ITVEUT^

Gteftjc Etjpib, Fjtenvit hbf Ni-giubfet,

ENJ[E

Au fe Oibxujte~, êbjit Gelliq, ENJ[E3

gitmet Qitlf Vthfe Efjvit git vè Gjbhbnjhl

Vjme~

Dtune ^vice~, êbjit Vthb~hvlhbvjn Gelliq,

AMG

Dtune Qjl~ib, êbjit Niub~el, Cjba ' ^{hlf-jba3 Gitmet Fjtenvit git Leahl Hgghjt~, Qitlf

Vthfe Itahbjhvjib

ÊNTEVHTJHV

Lj~h Dthbfv, Vthfe [iljnz Hbhlz~v, ENJ[E

Bjnilh Lja`vbet, Fe{uvz Fjtenvit ig vè Eni-

bimjn [iljnz [tiathm, AMG

Chv`tb Tjvvet~{hn`, Te~ehtn` H~~j~vhbv,

Enibimz [iljnz [tiathm, AMG

êtfht Hlvh, gitmet [tiathm Iggjnet git

vthfe, AMG

/V`j~ te{itv te{te~ebv~ vè wjeq~ ig memdet ig vè Vh~c Gitneduv biv bene~~htjlz vèjt hgljhvef itahbjhvjib~"


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V@E VTHB^HVLHBVJN VH^C GITNE IB VTHFE HBF JBWE^VMEBV

Jb Mhz 4;88, vè Euti{ehb Nebvte git Jbvetbhvjibhl [iljvjnhl Enibimz (ENJ[E* hbf vè Aetmhb

Mht~`hll Gubf ig vè Ubjvef ^vhve~ (AMG* lhubnèf vè Vthb~hvlhbvjn Vh~c Gitne ib Vthfe hbfJbwe~vmebv, h mhoit vthfe-{iljnz jbjvjhvjwe vi ~{ut atehvet lehfet~`j{ ib guvute vthfe {iljnz dz Eu-

ti{e hbf vè Ubjvef vhve~" jbne vè lhubn`, h `ja`-lewel atiu{ ig teniabjef jbvetbhvjibhl vthfe

~nìlht~ hbf {thnvjvjibet~ gtim hnhfemjh, du~jbe~~, njwjl ~injevz hbf {udljn {iljnz `hwe nibwebef

qjv` vè {ut{i~e ig teleh~jba h te{itv qjv` tenimmebfhvjib~ git vthb~hvlhbvjn {iljnzmhcet~" Giut

v`jbc {jene~ qtjvveb git vè Vh~c Gitne `hwe deeb {udlj~èf jb v`j~ {tioenv"

Ni-n`hjtef dz Eqh Dotljba, vè ^qefj~` Mjbj~vet git vthfe, hbf Ojm Cilde, h gitmet memdet ig vè

U"^" Nibate~~ hbf h êbjit Vthb~hvlhbvjn Gelliq qjv` vè AMG, vè Vh~c Gitne qh~ ~ev u{ hv h fjg-

nulv vjme git vthfe {iljnz" Iwethll, vthfe {iljnz jb vè EU hbf vè U"^" j~ a`vjba hahjb~v fjmjbj~`-

jba ep{envhvjib~ hbf aebethl ghvjaue qjv` vè alidhl vthfe vhlc~" Vè 4;;0 bhbnjhl ntj~j~, hbf vè

eb~ujba euti ntj~j~, h~ qell h~ {tjit alidhl enibimjn vtebf~, `hwe hl~i ~ìqb ìq vthfe ljbc~ u{qjv` mhbz ivèt nebvthl enibimjn j~~ue~ hbf ìq ntufe metnhbvjlj~v bivjib~, zev hahjb ib vè

tj~e, hte dhflz ~ujvef vi aujfe hb eggenvjwe vthfe {iljnz jbvebv ib dii~vjba enibimjn atiqv` hbf oid

ntehvjib" Jb hffjvjib, vè tj~e ig H~jh h~ etifef vè vthfe lehfet~`j{ tile {lhzef dz vè vthb~hvlhbvjn

{htvbet~ jb vè {h~v fenhfe~, qjvìuv hbzibe el~e vhcjba u{ vè ghlleb mhbvle" Hahjb~v v`hv dhncfti{,

vè Vh~c Gitne~ aihl qh~ vi febe q`hv tile vète j~ hbf ~ìulf de git vthb~hvlhbvjn lehfet~`j{ git

vthfe {iljnz jb vè beht-vi-mefjum vetm guvute"

Dh~e gubfjba git v`j~ Vh~c Gitne qh~ aebetiu~lz athbvef dz vè ^qefj~` Mjbj~vtz ig Gitejab Hg-

ghjt~" Hffjvjibhl gubfjba `h~ deeb {tiwjfef dz ENJ[E, vè Aetmhb Mht~`hll Gubf ig vè Ubjvef

^vhve~, vè NB1; Giubfhvjib, vè Nibgefethvjib ig qefj~` Ebvet{tj~e, hbf vè U"^" N`hmdet ig

Nimmetne"


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5

EPENUVJWE ÛMMHTZ

Jv j~ biq vjme git vè EU hbf vè U"^" vi miwe

gitqhtf qjv` h beq vthb~hvlhbvjn vthfe hbf jb-

we~vmebv haebfh vi {timive enibimjn atiqv`,

oid~, jbbiwhvjib, qelghte hbf enibimjn feweli{-

mebv" Gjbhbnjhl hbf enibimjn ntj~e~ jb tenebvzeht~ `hwe ~vtebavèbef vè nh~e git dilf jbjvjh-

vjwe~ v`hv nhb aebethve ~jabjnhbv enibimjn ahjb~"

Jb v`j~ te{itv, vè Vthb~hvlhbvjn Vh~c Gitne ib

Vthfe hbf Jbwe~vmebv {te~ebv~ hmdjvjiu~ zev

tehlj~vjn tenimmebfhvjib~ git vthb~hvlhbvjn

lehfet~`j{ jb vthfe hbf jbwe~vmebv {iljnz jb

vè beht-vi-mefjum-vetm guvute" V`j~ jbjvjh-

vjwe `h~ deeb ebaebfetef dz vè beef git beq

hbf gte~` h{{tihnè~ ib iq vi ljdethlje vthfe

hbf jm{tiwe vthfe tule~ jb vè nuttebv enibim-

jn hbf {iljvjnhl ebwjtibmebv"

Vè Ubjvef ^vhve~ hbf vè Euti{ehb Ubjib hte

ajhbv~ ig vè qitlf enibimz qì~e tebeqef

alidhl lehfet~`j{ j~ beefef biq mite v`hb ewet"

Vthb~hvlhbvjn {iljnzmhcet~ vètegite beef vi

lehf vè qhz qjv` hmdjvjiu~ jbjvjhvjwe~ hv div`

vè djlhvethl hbf mulvjlhvethl lewel" Fee{et vthb~-

hvlhbvjn enibimjn jbveathvjib j~ e~~ebvjhl git te-

niwetz gtim vè nuttebv enibimjn ntj~j~" Vthb~-

hvlhbvjn lehfet~`j{ nhb hl~i {tiwjfe mimebvum

git gutvèt alidhl vthfe ljdethljhvjib, ebhdljbadiv` Euti{e hbf vè Ubjvef ^vhve~ vi devvet vh{

jbvi vè enibimjn fzbhmj~m ig emetajba mht-

cev~, q`jle ~u{{itvjba hbf ~vtebavèbjba vè

mulvjlhvethl vthfjba ~z~vem emdifjef jb vè

Qitlf Vthfe Itahbjhvjib (QVI*"

Beq vthb~hvlhbvjn vthfe jbjvjhvjwe~ ~ìulf dujlf

ib vè {tjbnj{le~ ig i{ebbe~~ hbf mhtcev-eni-

bimjn~, hbf h dhlhbne ig debev~" Vèz ~ìulf

de tiivef jb h mifetb bhtthvjwe hdiuv vthfe,

q`jn` aie~ dezibf vè vthfjvjibhl {etne{vjib

ig vthfe h~ h eti-~um ahme jbwilwjba iblz jm-

{itv~ hbf ep{itv~ ig aiif~" Vifhz~ vthfe {iljnz

haebfh mu~v teenv vè jbnteh~jbalz nim{lep

n`hthnvet ig vthfe v`hv te~ulv~ gtim vè gitne~ ig

alidhljhvjib" Alidhl vthfe {iljnz hl~i beef~ vi

hfh{v vi vè atehvet jm{itvhbne ig jbwe~vmebv

hbf vthfe jb ~etwjne~, vè tj~e ig mulvjlhvethl

tm~, vè alidhljhvjib ig ~u{{lz n`hjb~, hbf

vè ep{hb~jib ig vè fjajvhl enibimz"

Bibe ig v`j~ nhb de hn`jewef qjvìuv ja`-lew-

el nimmjvmebv gtim {iljvjnhl lehfet~ ib div`

~jfe~ ig vè Hvlhbvjn, ~imev`jba v`hv h~ ~ime-

vjme~ deeb lhncjba jb vè tenebv {h~v" Miteiwet,

jv qjll texujte hnvjwe jbwilwemebv ig {tjwhve ~en-

vit ~vhceìlfet~, jbnlufjba du~jbe~~, lhdit, nib-

~umet hbf ebwjtibmebvhl atiu{~" Hbf jv qjll

texujte h beq-giubf ~eb~e ig utaebnz"

VTHB^HVLHBVJN DJLHVETHL JBJVJHVJWE^

Vè liba-vetm idoenvjwe ig h beq djlhvethl

vthfe ~vthveaz ~ìulf de vi e~vhdlj~` h dhttjet-

gtee vthb~hvlhbvjn mhtcev{lhne git vthfe hbf

jbwe~vmebv" H t~v ~ve{ viqhtf~ v`hv aihl j~ vi

nibnlufe h nim{teèb~jwe vthfe hateemebv

gteejba u{ ~ud~vhbvjhllz hll vthfe" Q`jle ~{enjn

djlhvethl jbjvjhvjwe~ ~ìulf de {tjmhtjlz {teget-ebvjhl jb bhvute, dh~ef ib {tegetebvjhl mhtcev

hnne~~, vèz ~ìulf de i{eb iwet vjme vi {htvjnj-

{hvjib dz hbz niubvtz qjlljba vi mhce tenj{ti-

nhl nimmjvmebv~"

Vhtjgg~ hbf BVD~" Vè U"^" hbf vè EU

~ìulf hfi{v h nim{teèb~jwe hbf ubjef

h{{tihn` vi vhtjgg~ hbf bib-vhtjgg dhttjet~

(BVD~*" Vhtjgg~ ~ìulf de eljmjbhvef ib

~ud~vhbvjhllz hll djlhvethl vthfe" BVD beaivj-

hvjib~ ~ìulf jbjvjhllz de fenebvthljef hbf~envit ftjweb, dh~ef ib jb{uv dz du~jbe~~

h~~injhvjib~ hbf ivèt ~vhceìlfet~" Hwijf-

jba guvute teaulhvitz fjwetaebne~ ~ìulf de

h {tjitjvz" Vè atehvet hmdjvjib j~ vi hn`jewe

mhpjmum teaulhvitz nii{ethvjib lehfjba

jb vutb vi teaulhvitz niètebne"

êtwjne~" Vè EU hbf vè U"^" ~ìulf ~ud-

~vhbvjhllz ljdethlje djlhvethl vthfe jb ~etw-

jne~" Djlhvethl ljdethljhvjib metaef qjv`

beq {lutjlhvethl eggitv~ vi gtee u{ vthfe jb

~etwjne~ mite qjfelz ~ìulf niwet vèatehvet {htv ig hll ~etwjne ~envit~ qjv` ljm-

jvef epnlu~jib~, q`jle hl~i hlliqjba git ~en-

vithl h{{tihnè~" Hbz ~etwjne~ hateemebv

~ìulf hl~i idljae vè {htvje~ vi tewjeq hbf

u{fhve vèjt epnlu~jib lj~v~ {etjifjnhllz ib

h teaulht dh~j~"

[tegetebvjhl vthfe hateemebv~" Vthb~hvlhb-

vjn nii{ethvjib hbf nib~ulvhvjib ~ìulf de

jbveb~jef qjv` te~{env vi epj~vjba hbf gu-

vute Hmetjnhb hbf Euti{ehb {tegetebvjhl


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vthfe hateemebv~ ([VH~* qjv` v`jtf niub-

vtje~" Vè U"^" hbf vè EU ~ìulf vhce vè

jbjvjhvjwe vi ~ev u{ h men`hbj~m git vèjt

iqb [VH~ qjv` vè ulvjmhve idoenvjwe vi

jbveathve, ep{hbf hbf mifetbje vè~e

[VH~" Vè QVI ~entevhtjhv nhb {lhz hb

jm{itvhbv tile jb v`j~ qitc, q`jn` qiulf

jbwilwe hbhlzjba vè ~ud~vhbne ig fjgget-

ebv [VH~ jb itfet vi jfebvjgz ~jmjlhtjvje~

hbf nim{hvjdle {tiwj~jib~ jb [VH~"

Jbwe~vmebv"H~ ~iib h~ {thnvjnhdle, vè EU

hbf vè U"^" ~ìulf beaivjhve h Vthb~hvlhb-

vjn Jbwe~vmebv Hateemebv" V`hv {tine~~

~ìulf ~vhtv ~iib duv deajb qjv` h tenia-

bjvjib v`hv hb ehtlz hateemebv fijba hqhz

qjv` jbwe~vmebv te~vtjnvjib~ hbf nibvhjbjba

~vtibaet fj~nj{ljbe~ hahjb~v jbwe~vmebv {ti-venvjibj~m j~ ubljcelz" Ubvjl ~un` hb hatee-

mebv nhb de beaivjhvef, vè EU hbf vè U"^"

~ìulf nibnlufe hbf hbbiubne hb hateef

~vhvemebv ig jbwe~vmebv {tjbnj{le~, q`jn`

vèz niulf ebniuthae v`jtf niubvtje~ vi

hfi{v" Vèz ~ìulf hl~i mhce atehvet u~e ig

gitum~ qète aujfeljbe~ hbf de~v {thnvjne~

nhb de ~`htef devqeeb aiwetbmebv~"

[udljn {tinutemebv" Vè U"^" hbf vè EU

~ìulf beaivjhve h djlhvethl aiwetbmebv

{tinutemebv hateemebv" Vè hateemebv,

qjv` ljmjvef epne{vjib~, ~ìulf jm{tiwe

vthb~{htebnz hbf mhtcev hnne~~ dz hf-

fte~~jba teaulhvjib~ git {tinutemebv {ti-

nefute~ hbf nibvthnv~" Div` {htvje~ ~ìulf

hl~i ep{lite vè jfeh ig ghnjljvhvjba hatee-

mebv jbwilwjba vè {htvjnj{hvjib ig jbfj-

wjfuhl U"^" ~vhve~ hbf EU niubvtje~ hbf

teajib~, jg vète hte outj~fjnvjibhl teh~ib~

v`hv {tewebv jbnlufjba vèm jb h djlhvethl

hateemebv hv gefethl hbf EU lewel"

VTHB^HVLHBVJN JBJVJHVJWE^ VI

TEWJVHLJ_E V@E ALIDHL VTHFE HAEBFH

Beq jbjvjhvjwe~? jbntemebvhl vthfeljdethljhvjib

[lutjlhvethl hbf ~envithl jbjvjhvjwe~"H {i~v-

Fi`h haebfh git beq vthfe ljdethljhvjib

~ìulf de nhttjef iuv v`tiua` fenebvthl-

jef beaivjhvjib~" V`j~ jm{lje~ h ~vtibaet

ginu~ ib {tegetebvjhl hateemebv~ ebvetef

jbvi dz nihljvjib~ ig vè qjlljba, nibb-

jba vè debev~ vi ~jabhvitje~ duv i{eb git

hll niubvtje~ vi oijb jg vèz mhce tenj{tinhl

nimmjvmebv~" [lutjlhvethl hateemebv~ jb

~vthveajn ~envit~ ~ìulf hl~i de ebwj~jibef"

Vè EU hbf vè U"^" ~ìulf hl~i deajb ep-

{litjba ivèt ~envithl hbf {lutjlhvethl

hateemebv~ jbwilwjba vè aiif~ ~envit"

Ljdethljzhvjib ig vthfe jb ~etwjne~ ~ìulf

{tiate~~ v`tiua` h {lutjlhvethl gthmeqitc

hateemebv ib ~etwjne~ beaivjhvef qjv`

ljmjvef epne{vjib~ dz h nihljvjib ig vè

qjlljba" Fthqjba ib {tewjiu~ beaivjhvjib~

jb vè QVI, vè IENF hbf el~eqète, vè

QVI ~ìulf hl~i beaivjhve aebethl de~v{thnvjne aujfeljbe~ git ~etwjne~ teaulhvit~

~u{{lemebvef dz mite ~{enjn de~v {thn-

vjne aujfeljbe~ git jbfjwjfuhl ~etwjne~ ~en-

vit~ qète h{{ti{tjhve"

Hatjnulvute" Beaivjhvjib~ ib hatjnulvute

~ìulf nibvjbue hv vè QVI lewel, biq

hl~i vhcjba jbvi hnniubv vè tj~e ig hatjnul-

vuthl ~ud~jfje~ jb ~ime emetajba mhtcev~"

Vi dtehc vè nuttebv fehflinc, vè Ubjvef

^vhve~ hbf vè Euti{ehb Ubjib ~ìulf

hatee vi eljmjbhve hll ep{itv ~ud~jfje~ hbf

tegthjb gtim u~jba giif hjf vi {timive ep-

{itv~"

Aiwetbmebv {tinutemebv" Vè tenebv

hateemebv vi u{fhve hbf ep{hbf vè niwet-

hae ig vè QVI Aiwetbmebv [tinutemebv

Hateemebv j~ h qelnime feweli{mebv duv

mite j~ beefef" Jb {htvjnulht, vè hatee-

mebv ~ìulf ep{hbf vi jbnlufe ~ime ig

vè cez emetajba mhtcev~, e"a" N`jbh, duv

ubqjlljbabe~~ dz ivèt niubvtje~ vi oijb~ìulf biv {tewebv A[H memdet~ gtim

gutvèt ep{hbfjba vèjt nimmjvmebv~ hbf

nii{ethvjib ubfet vè hateemebv"

Vthfe ghnjljvhvjib" Vthfe ghnjljvhvjib j~ jb

vè jbvete~v ig hll niubvtje~" Jv j~ vètegite

jtibjn v`hv ~ime niubvtje~ `hwe dlincef

{tiate~~ ib v`j~ ~udoenv jb vè Fi`h

Tiubf" Jg hb hateemebv ib vthfe ghnjljvh-

vjib nhbbiv de tehnèf jb vè Fi`h Tiubf,

jv ~ìulf de hb jmmefjhve {tjitjvz git be-


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1

aivjhvjib iuv~jfe vè Tiubf hmiba qjlljba

{htvbet~"

Gi~vetjba feweli{mebv git leh~v feweli{ef

niubvtje~" Vè EU hbf vè U"^" ~ìulf jb-

nteh~e vèjt eggitv~ vi h~~ute vhtjgg gtee hbf

xuivh gtee mhtcev hnne~~ git LFN~" Emeta-jba enibimje~ ~ìulf hl~i igget LFN~ jm-

{tiwef mhtcev hnne~~"

^VTEBAV@EBJBA V@E QVI ^Z^VEM

ûd~jfje~ hbf ~vhve-iqbef ebvet{tj~e~" Vè

EU hbf vè U"^" ~ìulf nii{ethve mite

nli~elz vi {timive ebgitnemebv ig epj~v-

jba fj~nj{ljbe~ ib ~ud~jfje~, git jb~vhbne dz

ljba mite oijbv fj~{uve-~evvlemebv nh~e~

hv vè QVI" Mite te~ehtn` hbf cbiqlefae

jb vè elf ig ~ud~jfje~ hbf ~vhve-iqbef

ebvet{tj~e~ j~ beefef hbf jbvetbhvjibhl

itahbjhvjib~ ~ìulf de vh~cef vi fi mite

qitc jb v`j~ hteh"

Vè Vthfe [iljn Tewjeq Men`hbj~ m

(V[TM* ~ìulf de gutvèt ~vtebavèbefhbf tebef ~i h~ vi jm{tiwe vthb~{htebnz

hbf h~~ute nim{ljhbne qjv` QVI nimmjv-

mebv~"

Lehtbjba gtim {tegetebvjhl vthfe hateemebv~"

Vè QVI ~entevhtjhv nhb {lhz hb jm{it-

vhbv tile jb jm{tiwjba [VH~ dz ~evvjba u{

ig h men`hbj~m git [VH~ hjmef hv lehtbjba

gtim aiif {thnvjne~ hbf jfebvjgzjba qhz~ ig

jbveathvjba vèm, dh~ef ib nhtegul tewjeq

ig epj~vjba [VH~ hbf hbhlz~j~ ig ~ud~vhbvjhl

~jmjlhtjvje~"


9/48

0

Vè xue~v gitatiqv` hbf oid~ nuttebvlz fim-

jbhve~ vè {iljvjnhl haebfh ib div` ~jfe~ ig vè

Hvlhbvjn" Hv h vjme ig ~nhl hbf mibevhtz {iljnz

nib~vthjbv~, vthfe ljdethljhvjib nhb el{ oum{

~vhtv vè vthb~hvlhbvjn enibimz hbf ntehve beq

enibimjn i{{itvubjvje~ jb div` Euti{e hbf

vè Ubjvef ^vhve~" V`tiua` ~un` eggitv~, Qh~`-

jbavib hbf Dtu~~el~ nhb ajwe gte~` dliif vi jb-

nteh~jbalz hbemjn hmdjvjib~ git alidhl vthfe

ljdethljhvjib"

Vète niulf `htflz de h mite h{{ti{tjhve vjme

v`hb biq vi ebahae jb h fj~nu~~jib hdiuv vè

~vthveajn vthfe-{iljnz nìjne~ ghnjba Hmetjnhb

hbf Euti{ehb vthfe {iljnzmhcet~" Vè enibim-

jn n`hllebae~ nibgtibvjba vè vqi nibvjbebv~ htefhubvjba" Enibimjn gitenh~v~ hte fj~niuthajba"

Div` Euti{e hbf vè Ubjvef ^vhve~ hte ljcelz vi

ep{etjebne ~liq atiqv` jb vè bepv we zeht~,

{et`h{~ eweb libaet" Ubem{lizmebv j~ ljcelz vi

temhjb ja`" [udljn bhbne~ qjll hwe vi de ~vh-

djljef hbf fedv lewel~ beef vi nime fiqb gtim

vèjt nuttebv èja`v~" Miteiwet, mhbz Euti-

{ehb niubvtje~ qjll ~iib ep{etjebne ~jabjnhbv

femiath{`jn n`hbae~ v`hv qjll {uv {te~~ute ib

vèjt {eb~jib ~z~vem~ hbf ~nhl {iljnje~, e~{e-

njhllz h~ vè femhbf git èhlv`nhte ~etwjne~ jb-nteh~e~ qjv` hb haejba {i{ulhvjib"

Ewebv~ jb 4;88 `hwe hahjb vhua`v u~ v`hv h lhnc

ig eggenvjwe {iljvjnhl lehfet~`j{ jb vè Euti{ehb

Ubjib hbf vè U"^" v`tehveb~ enibimjn teniw-

etz hbf atiqv`" Jg vè ntj~j~ jb vè Eutiibe

qit~eb~, hbf jg vè Ubjvef ^vhve~ te{lhz~ vè

4;88 fedv ljmjv hbf {hztill vhp fedhnle~, eni-

bimjn {ti~{env~ qjll iblz qit~eb" H dtehcu{

ig vè Eutiibe qiulf v`tiq Euti{e jbvi eni-

bimjn vutmijl, qjv` te{etnu~~jib~ git vè eb-vjte qitlf enibimz"

Vè ebitmiu~ enibimjn n`hllebae~ ghnjba vè

EU hbf vè U"^" lehf ~ime vi hfwinhve h {hu~e

jb, it h tevtehv gtim, vè liba mhtn` viqhtf gte-

et vthfe" Qe hte ig vè i{{i~jve wjeq" Beq vthfe

hbf jbwe~vmebv jbjvjhvjwe~ devqeeb Euti{e hbf

vè Ubjvef ^vhve~ ~ìulf denime h ~vthveajn

{htv ig hbz eggitv vi ntehve atiqv` hbf oid~" Jb

vjme~ ig ~nhl hu~vetjvz hbf ljmjvef mibevhtz

{iljnz i{vjib~, mite i{eb vthfe hbf jbwe~vmebv

{iljnje~ fe~jabef vi mhpjmje enibimjn ahjb~

hte hmiba vè mi~v jm{itvhbv jb~vtumebv~ v`hv

aiwetbmebv~ nhb uvjlje vi ~vjmulhve atiqv`"

Vè Vthb~hvlhbvjn Vh~c Gitne ib Vthfe hbf Jb-

we~vmebv qh~ dtiua`v viaevèt dz h fe~jte vi

èl{ ~`h{e h vthb~hvlhbvjn {iljnz haebfh div`

git djlhvethl vthfe {iljnz hbf git oijbv lehfet-

~`j{ jb vè alidhl vthfjba ~z~vem" Beq vthfe

hbf jbwe~vmebv {iljnz ~vthveaje~ hte beefef jb

itfet vi te~{ibf vi vè lhtae ~vtunvuthl n`hbae~

ubfetqhz jb vè qitlf enibimz" Ubgitvubhve-

lz, vè Fi`h Tiubf ig vthfe beaivjhvjib~ hv vè

Qitlf Vthfe Itahbjhvjib (QVI* `h~ nim-

{levelz ~vhllef, ghjljba vi {tifune vè fe~jtefte~ulv~ hgvet veb zeht~ ig fj~nu~~jib~" jbne vè

Fi`h Tiubf qh~ biv nibnlufef hv vè QVI

Mjbj~vetjhl meevjba jb Fenemdet 4;88, vète

j~ bi devvet vjme v`hb biq vi nib~jfet tehlj~vjn

i{vjib~ git miwjba gitqhtf qjv` h beq djlhv-

ethl hbf mulvjlhvethl vthfe haebfh"

Beq ~vthveaje~ ~ìulf dujlf ib vè {tjbnj{le~

ig i{ebbe~~ vi vthfe hbf h nimmjvmebv vi

mhtcev enibimjn~ v`hv qete eb~`tjbef jb vè

jbvetbhvjibhl enibimjn itahbjhvjib~ nthgvefoijbvlz dz Euti{e hbf vè U"^" hgvet vè ênibf

Qitlf Qht hbf v`hv `hwe ~etwef vè qitlf ~i

qell ~jbne vèb" Jv j~ vtue v`hv vè tj~e ig H~jh

hbf ivèt emetajba enibimje~ h~ n`hbaef vè

~vtunvute ig qitlf enibimjn {iqet" Duv th{jf

enibimjn atiqv` jb vè bib-Qe~vetb qitlf

`h~ iblz ~vtebavèbef vè nh~e git hb i{eb hbf

tule~-dh~ef vthfjba ~z~vem v`hv hfh{v~ jv~elg

vi beq {tifunv~, beq jbbiwhvjib~ hbf beq

mhtcev~" H mulvjlhvethl vthfjba ~z~vem mhce~

jbnteh~jba ~eb~e h~ vè tenebvlz bj~èf hnne~-~jib beaivjhvjib~ qjv` Tu~~jh hbf ivèt niub-

vtje~ `hwe femib~vthvef" Jbvetbhvjibhl vthfe

`h~ {tidhdlz bewet eboizef ~un` qjfe~{tehf

~u{{itv, hv leh~v jb vèitz, h~ jv fie~ vifhz" Zev

vè nh{hnjvz ig vthfe {iljnzmhcet~ vi vthb~gitm

v`j~ ~{jtjv jbvi h mite i{eb, fee{et hbf qjfet

~ev ig mulvjlhvethl vthfjba tule~ `h~ atehvlz fj-

mjbj~èf" Jbfeef, vète j~ h ~ud~vhbvjhl tj~c

v`hv vè ~vtebav` hbf uvjljvz ig vè nuttebv mul-

vjlhvethl ~z~vem qjll etife iwet vjme uble~~ vè

JBVTIFUNVJIB


10/48

:

mi~v {iqetgul niubvtje~ jb vè alidhl enibimz

~unne~~gullz n`hbae vè fzbhmjn~ ig qitlf

vthfe {iljnz hbf {iljvjn~"

Vè {i~vqht mhtn` viqhtf h mite i{eb hbf

mhtcev-dh~ef vthfjba ~z~vem `h~ hlqhz~ {ti-

ate~~ef div` jb~jfe hbf iuv~jfe vè gthmeqitcig mulvjlhvethl vthfe beaivjhvjib~" Vè ~vthve-

aje~ hbf vhnvjn~ ig vthfe {iljnz lehfet~ ig vè

{h~v `hwe hlqhz~ deeb mite fjwet~e hbf nim-

{lep v`hb q`hv j~ hncbiqlefaef dz vthfe {ut-

j~v~ hbf jfeiliaue~" Htauhdlz, beq fzbhmjn~

beq {i~jvjwe veb~jib~ jb alidhl vthfe {iljnz

qjll `hwe vi de aebethvef dz h nimdjbhvjib ig

ebfiaebiu~ n`hbae~ qjv`jb vè QVI hbf ep-

iaebiu~ {te~~ute~ v`hv {tiwjfe vè jbnebvjwe

git vè qitlf~ mi~v {iqetgul hbf jm{itvhbv

enibimje~ vi {te~~ hèhf qjv` hffjvjibhl vthfeljdethljhvjib hbf mite epveb~jwe hbf u{fhvef

tule~" Ubleh~`jba ~un` {i~jvjwe veb~jib~ jb it-

fet vi {uv {te~~ute ib QVI memdet~ gtim

iuv~jfe, q`jle ~vjll nibvjbujba vi bf qhz~ vi

qitc nib~vtunvjwelz gtim vè jb~jfe, ~ìulf de

h ntjvjnhl {htv ig vè vthb~hvlhbvjn ~vthveaz vifhz"

Jb v`j~ te{itv, vè Vthb~hvlhbvjn Vh~c Gitne ib

Vthfe hbf Jbwe~vmebv {tiwjfe~ hb iwethll hbhl-

z~j~ ig vè nuttebv ~vhve ig vthb~hvlhbvjn vthfe

{iljnz hbf mhce~ tenimmebfhvjib~ git oijbvhnvjib dz vè Euti{ehb Ubjib hbf vè Ubjvef

^vhve~" Vè te{itv ginu~e~ ib jbjvjhvjwe~ v`hv

~ìulf de vhceb dz vè~e vqi liba-~vhbfjba

{htvbet~ jb alidhl enibimjn {iljnz mhcjba"

Ivèt tenebv ~vufje~ hwe ephmjbef vthfe {il-

jnz gtim h mite aebethl hbf ~z~vemjn {et~{en-

vjwe, hbf {te~ebvef tenimmebfhvjib~ hdiuv

ìq vè QVI jb {htvjnulht ~ìulf n`hbae jb

vè guvute gtim h ~vtunvuthl hbf hb i{ethvjib-

hl {ijbv ig wjeq"8 Q`jle ~ime ig vè~e j~~ue~

hte hl~i hffte~~ef jb v`j~ te{itv, iut wjeq~hte mite ~{enjnhllz fjtenvef vi vthb~hvlhbvjn

{iljnzmhcet~ hbf lehfet~" Vè vh~c qe ~ev iut-

8 Vè Guvute ig vè QVI Hffte~~jba jb~vjvuvjibhl n`hl-lebae~ jb vè beq mjllebbjum (4;;6* Te{itv dz vè Nib-~ulvhvjwe Dihtf vi vè Fjtenvit-Aebethl u{hn`hj [hbjvn`-{hcfj dz [evet ûvètlhbf (N`hjtmhb*, Ohafj~` D`haqhvj,Cqe~j Divn`qez, Bjhll GjvAethlf, Cijn`j @hmhfh, Oi`b@" Ohnc~ib, Nel~i Lhget hbf V`jettz fe Mibvdtjhl" QitlfVthfe Itahbjhvjib3 Vè Qhtqjnc Nimmj~~jib (4;;1* VèMulvjlhvethl Vthfe Teajme? Q`jn` Qhz Gitqhtf, Ubjwet~jvzig Qhtqjnc

~elwe~ qh~ vi v`jbc ~vthveajnhllz hdiuv EU hbf

U"^" vthfe {iljnz nìjne~ jb vè vthb~hvlhbvjn

nibvepv" V`j~ te{itv vètegite ~uaae~v~ ~ime

hmdjvjiu~ jbjvjhvjwe~ v`hv nhb lehf vè qhz git-

qhtf" Jv {te~ebv~ nibnteve tenimmebfhvjib~

git nib~jfethvjib dz vè EU hbf vè U"^" vi-

aevèt h~ vèz nibvjbue vi gitmulhve hbf tebe

vèjt vthfe {iljnz haebfh~ jb vè zeht~ hèhf,

hlqhz~ qjv` hb eze viqhtf eb`hbnjba enibimjn

atiqv` hbf oid ntehvjib"

Jbfeef, qe hte ebniuthaef v`hv h beq {tin-

e~~ jb v`j~ teahtf `h~ tenebvlz deeb lhubnèf"

Hv vè U"^"-EU ~ummjv jb lhve Biwemdet lh~v

zeht (4;88*, vè EU hbf vè U"^" hateef vi e~-

vhdlj~` h @ja` Lewel Qitcjba Atiu{ git Oid~

hbf Atiqv` vi aebethve beq jfeh~ git vthb~hv-

lhbvjn vthfe {iljnz" V`j~ mhoit jbjvjhvjwe ~ìq~{iljvjnhl lehfet~ hte biq {te{htef vi tewj~jv vè

htaumebv~ git hbf hahjb~v vthb~hvlhbvjn djlhv-

ethl vthfe jbjvjhvjwe~" Q`jle qe ~u{{itv div`

fee{ebef djlhvethl vthfe jbveathvjib hbf atehv-

et vthb~hvlhbvjn nii{ethvjib hv vè mulvjlhvethl

lewel, jv j~ ntjvjnhl git vè @ja` Lewel Qitcjba

Atiu{ v`hv beq djlhvethl hbf mulvjlhvethl jbjvjh-

vjwe~ hte jbveathvef qjv` ehn` ivèt" EU hbf U"^"

lehfet~ `hwe biq hncbiqlefaef v`hv h vthb~-

hvlhbvjn vthfe hateemebv j~ bi libaet h gitdjf-

feb vettjvitz git vèm" @iqewet, vè nh{hnjvzig ~un` hb hateemebv vi aebethve {i~jvjwe ~z~-

vemjn nib~exuebne~, hbf jm{tiwe nibfjvjib~

git vthfe dezibf vè Hvlhbvjn teajib, fe{ebf~

ib vè fe~jab ig h vthb~hvlhbvjn vthfe hateemebv

hbf ìq jv ljbc~ u{ qjv` nimmib EU hbf U"^"

jbjvjhvjwe~ qjv` ivèt niubvtje~" V`hv ~ìulf de

hb e~~ebvjhl elemebv jb vè qitc dz vè @ja`

Lewel Qitcjba Atiu{"

V`j~ Vh~c Gitne te{itv j~ dh~ef ib giut gubfh-

mebvhl h~~um{vjib~?

Euti{e hbf vè Ubjvef ^vhve~ hte ~vjll

vè vqi mhjb lehfet~ jb alidhl enibimjn

{iljnz-mhcjba, hbf qjll temhjb ~i git vè

gite~eehdle guvute" Eweb jg ivèt niub-

vtje~ hte nhvn`jba u{ gh~v, e~{enjhllz {i{-

uliu~ niubvtje~ ljce Jbfjh hbf N`jbh v`hv

hltehfz hwe ~jabjnhbv vthfe ~envit~, bi

ivèt outj~fjnvjib~ {i~~e~~ vè texuj~jve

enibimjn, {iljvjnhl hbf jb~vjvuvjibhl nh-


11/48

8;

{hnjvz, bit vè fe~jte bit vè qjll v`hv j~

bene~~htz vi {tiwjfe alidhl lehfet~`j{"

Vète j~ hltehfz h `ja` featee ig vthb~-

hvlhbvjn enibimjn jbveathvjib h~ h te~ulv

ig {h~v hbf epj~vjba vthfe hbf jbwe~vmebv

iq~ jb div` fjtenvjib~" Bewetvèle~~, jv~ìulf de h {tjitjvz git vè vthb~hvlhbvjn

telhvjib~`j{ vi miwe vi h aebujbe dhttj-

et-gtee mhtcev" V`j~ j~ h dilf wj~jib, zev

jv niulf hbf ~ìulf aujfe {iljnzmhcet~

jb vèjt hnvjib~ vifhz" Vè vthb~hvlhbvjn

enibimjn telhvjib~`j{ j~ hmiba vè mi~v

jbveb~e hbf jbvetvqjbef jb vè qitlf" Zev

jv ~ìulf biv de vhceb git athbvef" Vthb~-

hvlhbvjn {iljnz h{hv`z, it bealenv, qjll fe-

{tjwe div` Euti{e hbf vè Ubjvef vhve~

ig wjhdle ~vthveaje~ vi dii~v atiqv` q`jleubfetmjbjba eggitv~ vi aev ivèt~ vi i{eb

u{ mhtcev~ git vè aiif ig hll niubvtje~"

H ~iubf mulvjlhvethl vthfjba ~z~vem te-

mhjb~ cez vi qitlf hbf vthb~hvlhbvjn

{ti~{etjvz, hbf vè nebvthl tile ig vè

QVI jb v`hv ~z~vem ~ìulf de {te~etwef"

^z~vem mhjbvebhbne j~ e~~ebvjhl" @iq-

ewet, vè ginu~ git vè vjme dejba ~ìulf

de ib bfjba {thamhvjn h{{tihnè~ vi

vthfe ljdethljhvjib hbf tule~-mhcjba

v`hv nhb hnvuhllz hn`jewe ~imev`jba jb

vè zeht~ hèhf" Jbntemebvhl {tiate~~ j~

{tegethdle vi nibvjbuef ghjlef hvvem{v~

hv hbz athbf tefe~jab it tegitm ig vè

~z~vem" Euti{e hbf vè Ubjvef ^vhve~

`hwe vè nh{hnjvz vi ~`h{e h tehlj~vjn

haebfh oijbvlz hbf jb nii{ethvjib qjv`

ivèt cez {htvbet~" Biq j~ biv vè vjme

git vthfe-{iljnz ghvjaue" Jv j~ thvèt vjme

git h nim{teèb~jwe vthfe ~vthveaz vi te-

beq eggitv~ vi i{eb u{ mhtcev~ git atehv-

et nimmetne, atiqv` hbf mite oid~--

div` hv ime hbf jb ivèt niubvtje~"

[tegetebvjhl Vthfe Hateemebv~ hte biq

jm{itvhbv {htv~ ig vthfe {iljnz" Hlmi~v

hll niubvtje~ `hwe h ~jabjnhbv bumdet

ig [VH~ ib vèjt diic~ hbf hte ebahaef

jb beaivjhvjba beq hateemebv~" Q`jle

vè xuhljvz ig [VH~ niulf de jm{tiwef,

h ntjvjnhl n`hllebae git vè EU, vè U"^"

hbf ivèt lehfet~ jb alidhl vthfe j~ vi bf

qhz~ vi jbveathve hbf htmibje epj~vjba

[VH~"

Qe fenjfef ehtlz ib vi {lhne vqi ljmjvhvjib~

ib iut qitc" Gjt~v, qe nibnlufef biv vi vtz vi

niwet hll j~~ue~ ig ~jabjnhbne jb vthfe {iljnz"

Qe `hwe {uv vè em{`h~j~ ib ~vthveaje~ v`hv

htauhdlz ~vhbf h n`hbne ig `hwjba hb jm{hnv

jb vè beht-vi-mefjum-vetm guvute" Vète hte

mhbz j~~ue~ ivèt v`hb vì~e hffte~~ef jb v`j~te{itv v`hv hte qitv`z ig nimmebvhtz hbf {il-

jnz hvvebvjib" Vè n`jeg vh~c biq, iqewet, j~ vi

te~vite h deljeg jb vthfe {iljnz hbf jv~ nh{hnjvz

vi feljwet mehbjbagul ahjb~ vi ~injevje~" V`hv

texujte~ h ginu~ ib hn`jewhdle feljwethdle~"

ênibf, vè {ut{i~e ig v`j~ te{itv j~ vi ~ev iuv

beq jbjvjhvjwe~ duv biv vi {te~ntjde vè buv~

hbf dilv~ ig ehn` jbjvjhvjwe it ìq vèz ~ìulf

nime hdiuv" V`hv j~ h oid git {iljnzmhcet~ hbf

beaivjhvit~" Iut tenimmebfhvjib~ hbf oufa-

mebv~ dh~ef ib vè nillenvjwe ep{etjebne te{-

te~ebvef ib v`j~ Vh~c Gitne hte ljmjvef iblz vi

~uaae~vjba vthfe haebfh~ hbf vthfe ~vthveaje~

vi de {ut~uef jb h vthb~hvlhbvjn nibvepv hbf biv

ìq vèz nhb de~v de jm{lemebvef"

Vè bepv n`h{vet qjll ajwe h aebethl hbhlz~j~ ig

n`hbae~ jb vè jbvetbhvjibhl vthfjba ~z~vem hbf

ìq vì~e n`hbae~ hwe {tim{vef u~ vi nhll git

h beq vthb~hvlhbvjn vthfe haebfh" Iut tenim-

mebfhvjib~, hbf vè mivjwhvjib~ git vèm, hte

{te~ebvef jb n`h{vet~ v`tee hbf giut" Vè te-{itv nibnlufe~ qjv` h ~ummhtz"


12/48

88

JBVTIFUNVJIB

Hv vè fhqbjbaig vè 48

~v

nebvutz, ou~v h fen-hfe hai, Euti{e hbf vè Ubjvef ^vhve~, hliba

qjv` ivèt~, niulf liic dhnc qjv` nib~jfethdle

{tjfe hv vè vthfe {iljnz ~unne~~e~ v`hv vèz hf

hn`jewef jb vè bhl zeht~ ig vè 4;v` nebvutz"

Vè Utuauhz Tiubf ig vthfe beaivjhvjib~ `hf

deeb ~unne~~gullz nibnlufef, nulmjbhvjba jb

vè ntehvjib ig vè QVI jb 8::5" Beq ~envithl

hateemebv~ jb vè QVI, ~un` h~ vì~e ib vel-

enimmubjnhvjib~ hbf bhbnjhl ~etwjne~, hbf

vè Jbgitmhvjib Ven`biliaz Hateemebv (JVH*,

`hf ebvetef jbvi gitne" Vè EU qh~ jm{lemebv-jba jv~ jbale Mhtcev hbf vè Ubjvef vhve~ hf

~unne~~gullz nibnlufef vè Bitv` Hmetjnhb

Gtee Vthfe Hateemebv (Bhgvh* qjv` Nhbhfh hbf

Mepjni" Hbf fe~{jve vè nillh{~e ig vè QVI

Mjbj~vetjhl Nibgetebne jb êhvvle jb 8:::, lehf-

et~ ib div` ~jfe~ ig vè Hvlhbvjn ebvetef vè beq

Mjllebbjum qjv` h ~vtiba deljeg jb vè nh{hnjvz

ig vthfe {iljnz vi feljwet ~ud~vhbvjhl enibimjn

debev~ v`tiua` hffjvjibhl vthfe ep{hb~jib, h~

vèz {te{htef git h beq tiubf ig mulvjlhvethl

vthfe beaivjhvjib~"

H fenhfe lhvet, v`hv {et~{envjwe `h~ n`hbaef"

Hb jm{h~~e jb vè Fi`h Tiubf beaivjhvjib~

`h~ legv vè ~vhvu~ ig vè QVI h~ h gitum git

guvute vthfe beaivjhvjib~ ubnetvhjb" Q`jle ep-

j~vjba mhtcev hnne~~ nimmjvmebv~ hbf tule~

eb~`tjbef jb vè QVI hte biv jb fhbaet, hbf

qitlf lehfet~ h{{eht vi ubfet~vhbf vè jm{it-

vhbne ig {te~etwjba vè te~ulv~ ig {h~v mulvjlhv-

ethl beaivjhvjba hl~i hv h vjme ig enibimjn hbf

~nhl ~vte~~, vè lh~v veb zeht~ ig ub~unne~~gul

Fi`h Tiubf beaivjhvjib~ `hwe jbewjvhdlz vhc-eb h {iljvjnhl vill" Mhbz {iljvjnjhb~ jb vè Qe~v,

{hjbgullz hqhte ig vè jbnteh~jbalz n`htaef bh-

vute ig vè vthfe {iljnz fedhve, `hwe nì~eb vi

{ut~ue ivèt bib-vthfe haebfh~"

Q@HV @H^ N@HBAEF9

Vthfe {iljnz fie~ biv deajb hbf ebf jb Aebe-

wh" Duv fj~~envjba vè teh~ib~ de`jbf vè tenebv

mhlhj~e jb vthfe mulvjlhvethlj~m j~ h aiif ~vhtv-

jba {ijbv git ubfet~vhbfjba vè dtihf ~vtunvuthln`hbae~ jb vè qitlf enibimz v`hv `hwe vhceb

{lhne jb vè lh~v fenhfe v`hv `hwe nim{ljnhvef

vthfe {iljnz" Vè Fi`h Tiubf~ ghjlute j~ fue

{htvlz vi fenjebnje~ jb vè ~vtunvute hbf i{eth-

vjib ig vè QVI" Jb v`j~ teahtf, mhbz {ti{i~ef

~iluvjib~ `hwe jbwilwef n`hbae~ jb vè QVI~

fenj~jib-mhcjba {tinefute~, it vhce hjm hv vè

{tjbnj{le~ ig h ~jbale ubfetvhcjba hbf nib~eb-

~u~ fenj~jib mhcjba" @iqewet, q`jle {tinefut-

hl jm{tiwemebv~ mja`v ghnjljvhve vthfe beai-

vjhvjib~ jb vè QVI jb vè guvute, vèz qjll bivde ebiua` vi te~vite mimebvum git vè QVI,

lev hlibe vi bj~` q`hv mhz de legv ig vè Fi`h

Tiubf" Vè QVI~ dh~jn beaivjhvjba {tidlem~

htj~e biv denhu~e ig hbz {etnejwef jb~vjvuvjibhl

qehcbe~~e~ ig vè itahbjhvjib duv thvèt gtim

mite gubfhmebvhl gitne~ v`hv hte vthb~gitmjba

aei{iljvjn~, fime~vjn {iljvjn~ hbf vè {iljvjnhl

bhvute ig vthfe ljdethljhvjib"

Vè~e n`hbae~ hwe dtiua`v hdiuv h ~`jgv hqhz

gtim vè ilf {i~v-qht mifel ig vthfe hatee-

mebv~" jm{lz {uv, v`j~ mifel qh~ dh~ef lhtaelzu{ib fehl~ jbjvjhvef hbf nibnlufef dz vè U"^",

vè EU hbf Oh{hb, hbf ginu~ef lhtaelz ib te-

funvjib~ ig vhtjgg~ ib jbfu~vtjhl aiif~" V`j~ ~z~-

vem qh~ ~u~vhjbef dz U"^" lehfet~`j{ denhu~e

vè {etnejwef ep{itv debev~ ig vhtjgg tefun-

vjib~ hbf vè enibimjn atiqv` te~ulvjba gtim

~un` debev~ igg~ev vè li~~e~ gtim jbnteh~e~ jb

jm{itv~ vi ~un` hb epvebv v`hv ~ud~vhbvjhl gtee

tjfjba dz ivèt~, mi~vlz feweli{jba niubvtje~,

niulf de iwetliicef" Debev~ gtim vthfe qete

oufaef lhtaelz dz mhtcev hnne~~ git ep{itv~hnnitfjba vi h metnhbvjlj~vjn, jg biv ebvjtelz

eti-~um, qhz ig v`jbcjba" Zev q`jle vè qitlf

enibimz j~ fjggetebv biq vè {iljvjnhl ubfet-

~vhbfjba ig ìq nibvem{ithtz mulvjlhvethl

vthfe beaivjhvjib~ hte nibfunvef hbf vè bht-

thvjwe u~ef vi ~u~vhjb vè {iljvjnhl hbf {udljn

~u{{itv git ~un` beaivjhvjib~ `h~ biv ce{v

{hne qjv` hnvuhl n`hbae~ ib vè atiubf"

VHCJBA ^VINC IG ALIDHL HBF VTHB^HVLHBVJN VTHFE HBFJBWE^VMEBV [ILJNZ


13/48

84

Giut cez elemebv~ `hwe n`hbaef vè tehljvz ig

jbvetbhvjibhl vthfe?

H" Alidhl ~u{{lz n`hjb~ hbf vè tj~e ig

vtue mulvjbhvjibhl tm~

Vifhz, vè qhz jb q`jn` jbvetbhvjibhl vthfe

j~ nibfunvef, hbf dz qìm, `h~ n`hbaef" H~

h te~ulv ig vè gitne~ ig alidhljhvjib hbf vè

tewiluvjib jb jbgitmhvjib hbf nimmubjnhvjib~

ven`biliaz (JNV* aiif~ hbf ~etwjne~, vthfe nhb

bi libaet ~jm{lz de ubfet~viif jb vetm~ ig ep-

{itv (it jm{itv* ig gjbj~èf aiif~ {tifunef

dz ibe tm, jb ibe ghnvitz, jb ibe niubvtz hbf

vètehgvet ~`j{{ef vi hb ubtelhvef {htvz jb hb-

ivèt niubvtz"

Liqet vhtjgg~, jbnteh~ef gitejab fjtenv jbwe~v-

mebv (GFJ*, jbvetbhvjibhl iuv~iutnjba hbf vè

feweli{mebv ig alidhl ~u{{lz n`hjb~ hwe hll te-

febef vè enibimjn~ hbf {iljvjn~ ig vthfe, hbf

vthb~gitmef vthfe {hvvetb~, h~ qell h~ vè jbvet-

bhvjibhl fjwj~jib ig lhdit" H lhtae hbf atiqjba

~`hte ig qitlf vthfe j~ biq nibfunvef qjv`jb,

thvèt v`hb devqeeb, jbvetbhvjibhl tm~, q`jn`

gteelz ep{lijv nim{hthvjwe hfwhbvhae~ dz linhv-

jba vèjt i{ethvjib~ jb whtjiu~ {htv~ ig vè qitlf"

Alidhl ~u{{lz n`hjb~ `hwe hl~i vthb~gitmef

vè jfebvjvje~ hbf jbvete~v~ ig nim{hbje~" Div`

mulvjbhvjibhl~ hbf ~mhll-hbf-mefjum ~jef

nim{hbje~ hte biv iblz jbvete~vef jb liqetjbavthfe dhttjet~ hdtihf jb itfet vi hnne~~ ep{itv

mhtcev~ vèz hl~i debev gtim liqet dhttjet~

git jm{itv~ ig jbvetmefjhve aiif~ hbf jb{uv~

git {tine~~jba" Jb ivèt qitf~, liqet dhttjet~

git jm{itv~ `hwe denime behtlz h~ jm{itvhbv

h~ hnne~~ vi ep{itv mhtcev~ jb tm~ xue~v vi

temhjb nim{evjvjwe"

D" Alidhl vthfe jbnteh~jbalz lef dz

jbwe~vmebv

Alidhl nimmetne j~ bi libaet ftjweb dz vthfe

hlibe" Gitejab fjtenv jbwe~vmebv {lhz~ hb exuhl,

jg biv djaaet, tile jb guelljba nti~~-ditfet ep-

n`hbae" Vè nimdjbhvjib ig h bumdet ig ghnvit~

jbnlufjba vè JNV tewiluvjib, vthfe ljdethlj-

hvjib, atehvet nh{jvhl gteefim, alidhl {tifun-

vjib {tine~~e~ hbf nèh{et vthb~{itvhvjib

`hwe vthb~gitmef vè tile ig GFJ jb vè qitlf

enibimz"

GFJ h~ denime hb jm{itvhbv ftjwet ig ep{itv~hbf jm{itv~ jb div` feweli{ef hbf feweli{jba

niubvtje~, h~ qell h~ h nibfujv git vè vthb~get

ig cbiqìq hbf ven`biliaz" Jv j~ bi libaet {tj-

mhtjlz h mehb~ ig vhtjgg-oum{jba, ~u{{lzjba

h mhtcev dz {tifunjba jb v`hv niubvtz vi hwijf

{hzjba `ja` jm{itv fuvje~" Hb jm{itvhbv {ut-

{i~e git jbwe~vmebv vifhz j~ vi mhpjmje vè eg-

njebnz ig alidhl ~u{{lz n`hjb~ hbf vi e~vhdlj~`

h nimmetnjhl {te~ebne jb h mhtcev"

Jbwe~vjba fjtenvlz hdtihf j~ h qhz git nim{h-bje~ vi aev nli~et vi epj~vjba nu~vimet~ hbf vi

tehn` iuv vi beq nu~vimet~ jb emetajba mht-

cev~" Jv j~ hl~i hb jm{itvhbv mife ig feljwetz

git ~etwjne~ v`tiua` vè e~vhdlj~`mebv ig h

nimmetnjhl {te~ebne jb gitejab mhtcev~" Gtim

vè {et~{envjwe ig mhbz emetajba enibimje~,

GFJ igget~ h gh~v vthnc vi jbfu~vtjhljhvjib hbf

vi dujlf hb ep{itv dh~e v`hv el{~ vèm vi jbve-

athve jbvi vè qitlf enibimz" ûn` niubvtje~

teniabjef v`hv dhttjet~ vi jbqhtf GFJ nhb jb-

DIP 8" JBVTH-GJTM VTHFE, it jbvetbhvjibhliq~ ig aiif~ hbf ~etwjne~ devqeeb {htebvnim{hbje~ hbf vèjt hgljhve~ it hmiba vè~ehgljhve~, te~ulv~ gtim vè feweli{mebv ig alidhlwhlue n`hjb~" Jv j~ aebethvef dz vè telinhvjib ig~ud~jfjhtje~ hdtihf git vè {tifunvjib ig jb{uv~(igg-~ìtjba*, hbf vù~ jm{lje~ wetvjnhl gitejab fjtenvjbwe~vmebv"Jbvth-tm vthfe te{te~ebv~ h{{tipjmhvelz 87 %

ig vivhl ep{itv~ ig IENF-niubvtje~ (iqbet~`j{v`te~ìlf ig 5; %*" Jv j~ mi~v nimmib devqeebIENF-niubvtje~3 50 % ig U"^" jm{itv~ ig aiif~gtim IENF niubvtje~ j~ jbvth-tm vthfe nim{h-tef vi 4: % ig vè jm{itv~ gtim DTJN niubvtje~"Jbvth-tm vthfe hnniubv~ git 60 % ig vè vivhl U"^"jm{itv~ ig aiif~ ib hwethae, hbf >; % ig vèep{itv~ Vè vthfe jb jb{uv~ hbf jbvetmefjhve aiif~qjv`jb vè ~hme nim{hbz j~ {htvjnulhtlz jbveb~ejb vè huvimidjle, {`htmhneuvjnhl hbf vthb~{itvexuj{mebv jbfu~vtje~"Qjv` te~{env vi vthfe jb ~etwjne~, fhvh ib jbvth-tm

vthfe j~ ljmjvef" U"^" dhlhbne ig {hzmebv~ fhvhgtim 4;;0 ~uaae~v~, iqewet, v`hv vè ~`hte igjbvth-tm vthfe qh~ 44 % ig vivhl jm{itv~ ig {tjwhve~etwjne~, hbf 47 % ig ep{itv~"

îutne? Lhb, T" hbf ^" Mjtiufiv (4;88*, Jbvth-GjtmVthfe? [hvvetb~, Fevetmjbhbv~ hbf [iljnz Jm{ljnhvjib~,IENF Vthfe [iljnz Qitcjba [h{et~, Bi" 886, IENF[udlj~`jba" `vv{?))fp"fij"ita)8;"8101)5ca:{>:ltqbb-eb


14/48

8>

`jdjv vè nh{hnjvz vi ep{itv, q`jle `ja` jm{itv

dhttjet~ ibne h ~{ut vi jbqhtf GFJ hte biq

h~ ljcelz vi fevet gitejab jbwe~vmebv, h~ vi hv-

vthnv jv"

Vè~e n`hbae~ jb vè qitlf enibimz `hwe jb-

veb~jef vè telhvjib~`j{ devqeeb vthfe hbf jb-

we~vmebv hbf mhfe vèm muvuhllz tejbgitnjba"

H~ h te~ulv, vè ~e{hthvjib devqeeb vthfe {iljnz

hbf jbwe~vmebv {iljnz j~ jbnteh~jbalz htvjnjhl"Jv j~, jb ghnv, h fj~vjbnvjib v`hv fie~ biv nitte-

~{ibf qjv` vè qhz v`hv vifhz~ alidhl mhtcev-

{lhne gubnvjib~ jb {thnvjne"

Vè~e feweli{mebv~ {ijbv viqhtf vè beef

git hb jbveathvef {iljnz h{{tihn` git vthfe

hbf jbwe~vmebv" @iqewet, vthfe hbf jbwe~v-

mebv hateemebv~ `hwe biv ce{v {hne qjv` vè

jbnteh~jba jm{itvhbne ig alidhl jbwe~vmebv

iq~" Q`jle QVI tule~ hltehfz niwet ~ime h~-

{env~ ig jbwe~vmebv, ~un` niwethae j~ ljmjvef hv

de~v hbf vè jbwe~vmebv nimmjvmebv~ mhfe dz

mhbz memdet~ jb vè ~etwjne~ hteh `hwe deeb

xujve mife~v, igveb ghlljba ~ìtv ig djbfjba ep-

j~vjba bhvjibhl {iljnje~" Q`hv j~ jbnlufef jb vè

nuttebv QVI Hateemebv ib Vthfe-Telhvef Jb-

we~vmebv Meh~ute~ temhjb~ ght deliq vè hm-

djvjib~ ig vè 8:60 @hwhbh N`htvet, q`jn` em-

{`h~jef vè tile ig jbwe~vmebv jb mulvjlhvethl

vthfe {iljnz" Ib vè ivèt hbf, vè ~ud~vhbvjwe

nibvebv ig ~ime tenebv Djlhvethl Jbwe~vmebv

Vtehvje~ (DJV~* hbf, vi ~ime epvebv, [VH~

`h~ deeb ~ud~vhbvjhl hbf vè leahl idljahvjib~

gliqjba gtim vè~e jb~vtumebv~ `hwe `hf h

{i~jvjwe jm{hnv ib vè {timivjib hbf {tiven-

vjib ib jbvetbhvjibhl jbwe~vmebv iq~" Vète

j~ biq h atehv difz ig jbvetbhvjibhl tule~ ib jb-

we~vmebv, hlvìua` jv temhjb~ lhtaelz djlhvethl

jb gitm" Nib~exuebvlz, vète j~ hm{le tiim vi

jm{tiwe jbvetbhvjibhl jbwe~vmebv tule~, {ht-

vjnulhtlz ib h teajibhl it mulvjlhvethl dh~j~"

N" Fenljbjba {iljvjnhl h{{evjve git i{eb

mhtcev~

[iljvjnhl h{{evjve gitmhtcev-itjebvef te-

gitm~ j~ aebethllz fenljbjba it bib-epj~vebv

jb mhbz lhtaet enibimje~" Vè atehv dut~v ig

fime~vjn enibimjn tegitm~ jb vè 8:0;~ hbf

8::;~ jb vè U"^", EU, N`jbh, Jbfjh hbf el~e-

qète h~ ~ud~jfef hbf deeb te{lhnef, hv de~v,

dz nhuvjiu~ jbntemebvhl enibimjn tegitm~" Zev,

q`jle vè nh{jvhlj~v mifel j~ dejba jbnteh~jbalz

xue~vjibef, bi ~unne~~it mifel h~ emetaef vi

te{lhne jv" Thvèt, vète ~eem~ vi de hb jbnteh~-

jba vtebf viqhtf te-teaulhvjib ig vè bhbnjhl

~envit hbf ~elenvjwe aiwetbmebv jbvetwebvjib"

V`j~, viaevèt qjv` vè lhnc ig {iljvjnhl ebvù~j-

h~m git hffjvjibhl vthfe ljdethljhvjib, j~ ~zm{-

vimhvjn ig h dtihfet vtebf ig ~ce{vjnj~m viqhtf

vè i{ethvjib ig mhtcev gitne~"

;

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84,;;;,;;;

86,;;;,;;;

87,;;;,;;;

80,;;;,;;;

GFJ(U^Fmjlljib*

Metn`hbfj~ejm{itv~(U^Fm

jlljib*

îutne?Ubnvhf^vhv

Metn`hbfj~e

jm{itv~

JbqhtfGFJ

ffliq~

GJAUTE 8" QITLF VTHFE JB AIIF^ HBF VIVHL GFJ GLIQ^


15/48

86

F" Mulvjlhvethlj~m qjvìuv ~vtiba

lehfet~`j{

[hthfipjnhllz, ~unne~~gul mulvjlhvethlj~m jb

vè {i~v QQJJ-eth texujtef, vi {uv jv ~ime-

q`hv {tiwinhvjwelz, h debewilebv èaemib

vi {timive hbf ~u~vhjb alidhl tule~ (hbf qjll-jba gilliqet~ vi nillhdithve jb vè eggitv*" Vè

U"^" qjlljbalz {lhzef v`hv tile git mite v`hb

v`tee fenhfe~ hgvet QQJJ, duv jv~ qjlljbabe~~

hbf nh{hnjvz vi fi ~i `hwe deeb jb fenljbe ~jbne

vè ehtlz 8:1;~" V`j~ j~ fue vi ~ewethl teh~ib~"

^vthjbef bhbnjhl hbf enibimjn te~iutne~, vè

ebf ig vè Nilf Qht hbf vè tj~e ig {i{uliu~

hbf nim{evjba beq enibimjn {iqet~ hwe bhv-

uthllz ubfetmjbef Hmetjnh~ hdjljvz vi ubfet-

qtjve beq vthfe hateemebv~, e~{enjhllz qèb

~un` hateemebv~ hwe deeb ~eeb h~ jb~ugnjebvgit U"^" ep{itv jbvete~v~" Hv vè bhvjibhl lewel,

aiwetbhbne jb vè U"^" h~ qell h~ jb ivèt lhtae

IENF niubvtje~ `h~ hl~i denime jbnteh~jbalz

fjgnulv, h~ {iljvjnhl mhoitjvje~ denime ~ljm-

met hbf fime~vjn {tidlem~ jbveb~jgz" Fe~{jve

vè U"^" tevtehv gtim vè tile ig vè debewilebv

èaemib, bi ivèt niubvtz it atiu{ ig niub-

vtje~ `h~ emetaef vi {lhz vè ~hme lehfet~`j{

tile h~ v`hv {lhzef dz vè U" " jb ehtljet fenhfe~"

Vè te~ulv `h~ deeb h fjggu~jib ig {iqet hbf h

~vhve ig ~vhdle fj~exujljdtjum jb jbvetbhvjibhlenibimjn telhvjib~ v`hv ~eem~ ljcelz vi {tewhjl

git ~ime vjme"

Vè~e giut n`hbae~ hte hmiba vè mi~v jm-

{itvhbv feweli{mebv~ v`hv `hwe vthb~gitmef

vè tehljvz ig jbvetbhvjibhl vthfe hbf vè ebwj-

tibmebv jb q`jn` {iljnz mhcjba hbf beaivjh-

vjib~ vhce {lhne" H~ h te~ulv ig vè~e n`hbae~,

vè vthfjvjibhl vthfe bhtthvjwe v`hv ginu~ef ib

vè beef vi idvhjb mhtcev hnne~~ git jbfu~vtjhl

ep{itv~ v`tiua` vhtjgg tefunvjib `h~ denime

hbhn`tibj~vjn" Hv vè ~hme vjme, aiwetbmebv~

`hwe nibvjbuef vi ~vtuaale vi bf h beq bht-

thvjwe v`hv qjll aebethve {i{ulht hbf {iljvjnhl

~u{{itv git vè beq jbvetbhvjibhl enibimjn

{iljnz jbjvjhvjwe~ v`hv hte beefef vi hffte~~ vi-

fhz~ alidhl enibimjn tehljvje~" î ght, bi beq

{iljvjnhl bhtthvjwe h~ te{lhnef vè ilf {etne{-

vjib ig vthfe v`hv fimjbhvef vè ilf {i~v-qht

h{{tihn` vi mulvjlhvethlj~m"

DIP 4" Û[[LZ N@HJB GTHAMEBVHVJIB JBV@E NHÊ IG V@E J[IF

Mhfe jb""" fie~ biv ~hz jv hll" Ibe `h~ vi aidezibf vè lhdel ib vè dhnc ig hb j[if jb itfet viubfet~vhbf vè nim{lep {hvvetb~ ig vè {tifunvjib

{tine~~ ig ven`bjnhl fewjne~" Vè mhjb ~`hte ig vètevhjl whlue ig h >;AD Wjfei j[if (&4::* lje~ jb vèfe~jab hbf nibne{vjib" Vè htf ftjwe j~ mhbughn-vutef dz Oh{hb-dh~ef Vi~`jdh hbf te{te~ebv~ vèmi~v ep{eb~jwe nim{ibebv (&1>">:*" Vè ~enibfmi~v whluhdle nim{ibebv j~ vè fj~{lhz h~~emdlz(&4>"41*, mhbughnvutef dz Vi~`jdh-Mhv~u~`jvh"Vè wjfei)mulvjmefjh {tine~~it (&6">:* hbf vènibvtillet n`j{ (&4"48* hte div` {tifunef dzHmetjnhb nim{hbje~3 Dtihfnim hbf [itvhl[lhzet"Vè bhl h~~emdlz vhce~ {lhne jb N`jbh, hv h ni~vig h{{tipjmhvelz &>"07"V`j~ j~ biv vè nim{leve {jnvute ìqewet" Qèb

hll ~vhae~ jb vè {tifunvjib {tine~~ hte vhceb jbvihnniubv, (Vi~`jdh nim{ibebv~ hte biv ebvjtelzghdtjnhvef jb Oh{hb, git jb~vhbne* aute~ ~ìq v`hv

&87> (55%* ig vè tevhjl whlue ig vè j[if nhb dehvvtjduvef vi Hmetjnhb nim{hbje~ hbf qitcet~" Oh-{hb nibvtjduve~ qjv` &47 vi vè vivhl whlue, mi~vlzv`tiua` Vi~`jdh, q`jle N`jbh hbf Citeh hnniubvgit hdiuv &8 ehn`"

îutne~? Feftjnc , O"3 Cthemet, C3 Ljbfeb, A" (4;;:*Qì {tiv~ gtim jbbiwhvjib jb alidhl whlue n`hjb~9? h~vufz ig vè j[if hbf bivediic [N~, jb Jbfu~vtjhl hbfNit{ithve N`hbae, Wil" 8:, B"8, {{" 08-8873 Whtjhb,@hl T" (4;;1-;7-40* Hb j[if `h~ alidhl whlue" H~c vè(mhbz* niubvtje~ v`hv mhce jv, Beq Zitc Vjme~

DIP >" JBVTH-GJTM VTHFE JB V@E MIDJLE[@IBE JBFU^VTZ? V@E WETVJNHL JBVEATH-VJIB IG BICJH

Bicjh j~ h lehfjba mhbughnvutet ig midjle fewjne~jb vè qitlf" @ehfxuhtvetef jb Gjblhbf, jv~ 8>4,;;;em{lizee~ htiubf vè qitlf qitc qjv` T'F,{tifunvjib, ~hle~ hbf mhtcevjba" Vè ~u{{lz n`hjbj~ wetvjnhllz jbveathvef qjv` {tifunvjib ghnjljvje~git midjle {tifunv~ hbf bevqitc jbgth~vtunvute jbbjbe niubvtje~3 Dthjl, N`jbh, Gjblhbf, UC, @ubahtz,Jbfjh, Mepjni, Timhbjh hbf iuv` Citeh" Vè

jb-ìu~e {tifunvjib jbnlufe~ mite v`hb 8;; djlljib{htv~, git jb~vhbne ~emjnibfunvit~, mjnti{tine~-~it~, memitz fewjne~ hbf fj~{lhz~" Jb 4;8;, mitev`hb 6;; mjlljib midjle fewjne~ qete ~`j{{efdevqeeb vè 87; niubvtje~ qète vè nim{hbz`h~ nimmetnjhl {te~ebne, jllu~vthvjba vè epveb~jwejbvth-tm vthfe qjv`jb vè nim{hbz, ebhdljba nib-vtil iwet vè {tifunvjib {tine~~ hbf nu~vimjhvjib"

îutne~? Bicjh qed~jve3 IENF (4;88*


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BEQ VTHB^HVLHBVJN VTHFE

LEHFET^@J[

Jb te~{ib~e vi vè~e tenebv n`hbae~ jb vè fz-

bhmjn~ ig vè alidhl enibimz, aiwetbmebv~ hte

hfou~vjba vèjt vthfe {iljnje~" [et`h{~ mi~v jm-

{itvhbvlz, v`j~ h~ te~ulvef jb h atehvet em{`h-~j~ ib [tegetebvjhl Vthfe Hateemebv~ ([VH~*,

it Gtee Vthfe Hateemebv~ (GVH~* h~ vèz hte

hl~i nhllef" Jb ghnv, vè qitlfqjfe {tiljgeth-

vjib ig [VH~ ~uaae~v~ v`hv, fe~{jve vè Fi`h

jm{h~~e, vète j~ ~vjll hb h{{evjve git vthfe ljd-

ethljhvjib" Vè atiqjba bumdet ig [VH~ hbf

vèjt jbnteh~jba jm{itvhbne hl~i ve~vjgje~ vi

nibvjbuef hnvjwj~m hmiba {iljnzmhcet~"

Vè tj~jba h{{ehl ig {tegetebvjhl vthfe hatee-

mebv~ j~ ubfet~vhbfhdle ajweb vè mulvjlhvethl

fehflinc" Jv j~ vtue v`hv mhbz ig vè~e hatee-

mebv~ (~ewethl EU hbf U"^" [VH~ dejba vè ep-

ne{vjib~* vebf vi de {iljvjnhl jb bhvute hbf fi

biv jb tehljvz ai wetz ght jb gteejba u{ vthfe hbf

jbwe~vmebv" Jv j~ hl~i vtue v`hv ~un` hateemebv~

nibvthfjnv vè liba-nètj~èf {tjbnj{le ig bib-

fj~ntjmjbhvjib jb qitlf vthfe {iljnz" @iqewet,

vè qitlf j~ biv hb jfehl {lhne hbf {tegetebvjhl

vthfe hateemebv~ biq aiwetb, it hwe hb jm{hnv

ib, h biv jb~jabjnhbv hmiubv ig qitlf vthfe,

h~ teniubvef dz vè QVI Qitlf Vthfe Te{itv

4;884" Vèiliajnhl fedhve~ hdiuv vè telhvjwe

metjv~ ig mulvjlhvethlj~m wet~u~ djlhvethlj~m

mu~v vètegite de {lhnef jb vè nibvepv ig q`hv

`h~ `h{{ebef jb vè tehl qitlf" [tegetebvjhl

hateemebv~ `hwe div` vèjt hfwhbvhae~ hbf

fj~hfwhbvhae~" V`hv j~ biv h ~jvuhvjib ubjxue vi

djlhvethl vthfe ~vthveaje~? mulvjlhvethl hbf ubj-

lhvethl ~vthveaje~ hl~i `hwe vèjt fj~hfwhbvhae~"

î vè n`hllebae biq j~ biv vi vtz vi ~evvle vè fe-

dhve iwet qèvèt djlhvethl ~vthveaje~ hte aiif

it dhf" Thvèt, vè n`hllebae j~ vi fe~jab vthfe~vthveaje~ qèvèt vèz de djlhvethl, teajibhl

it mulvjlhvethl - v`hv nhb aebethve atiqv` hbf

oid~ hbf hv vè ~hme vjme mhbhae vè~e ~vthve-

aje~ jb h qhz v`hv ulvjmhvelz ntehve~ {i~jvjwe veb-

~jib~ git vè qitlf vthfjba ~z~vem h~ h qìle ~i

4 QVI Qitlf Vthfe Te{itv 4;88" Vè QVI hbf {tege-tebvjhl vthfe hateemebv~? Gtim ni-epj~vebne vi niètebne,hwhjlhdle hv? `vv{?))qqq"qvi"ita)ebalj~`)te~Ye)diic~{Ye)hbte{Ye)qitlfYvthfeYte{itv88Ye"{fg

v`hv vèz ewebvuhllz te~ulv jb vthfe ljdethljhvjib

alidhllz ib h bib-fj~ntjmjbhvitz dh~j~"

V`j~ j~ biv h beq gitmulh git mhcjba {tiate~~

ib vthfe {iljnz hv vè alidhl lewel" Jb {h~v fen-

hfe~, epvetbhl {te~~ute~ `hwe {u~èf niubvtje~

vi te-nib~jfet {tewjiu~ {iljnje~ i{vjba git vè

~vhvu~ xui thvèt v`hb ljdethljhvjib" Git ephm-

{le, vè Cebbefz Tiubf ig vthfe beaivjhvjib~

qh~ jbjvjhvef dz vè Ubjvef ^vhve~ hbf ivèt

niubvtje~ jb te~{ib~e vi Euti{e~ fenj~jib vi

ntehve h Nimmib Mhtcev" Ivèt niubvtje~, e~-

{enjhllz vè Ubjvef vhve~, gehtef v`hv vè eljmj-

bhvjib ig vhtjgg~ jb jbvth-Euti{ehb vthfe qiulf

fj~hfwhbvhae Hmetjnhb tm~ nim{evjba qjv`

Euti{ehb tm~ jb Euti{e" i Qh~`jbavib nhllef

git h ~ud~vhbvjhl nuv jb vhtjgg~ qitlfqjfe" Mite

tenebvlz, jb vè ehtlz 8::;~, beq ebetaz qh~ jb-

oenvef jbvi q`hv vèb liicef vi de h ghjlef Utu-

auhz Tiubf dz vè Euti{ehb nimmjvmebv vi

ntehve h ^jbale Mhtcev hbf vè U"^" nim{levjib

ig vè Bitv` Hmetjnhb Gtee Vthfe Hateemebv"

Qe biq h{{eht vi de hv h ~jmjlht ~vhae qèb

~jabjnhbv epvetbhl {te~~ute j~ beefef vi te-jbwjaithve vè mulvjlhvethl {tine~~" H vthb~hv-

lhbvjn vthfe jbjvjhvjwe j~ htauhdlz ibe ig vè geq

jbjvjhvjwe~ v`hv nhb aebethve ebiua` iuv~jfe

{te~~ute vi mivjwhve niubvtje~ vi tenimmjv

vèm~elwe~ vi ~ud~vhbvjhl vthfe ljdethljhvjib"

Jb ~èet enibimjn vetm~, vè U"^" hbf vè EU

~`hte vè qitlf~ lhtae~v nti~~-ditfet mhtcev

git vthfe hbf jbwe~vmebv" Vèz eboiz ght `jaèt

AF[ {et nh{jvh v`hb hbz ig vè lhtaet emeta-

jba enibimje~" Vèz temhjb vè iblz hnvit~ ib

DIP 6" MI^V-GHWITEF BHVJIB HBF[TEGETEBVJHL HNNE^^

Mi~v-ghwitef-bhvjib vtehvmebv (MGB* j~ h nite idlj-ahvjib ig vè QVI texujtjba v`hv h niubvtz j~ nim-mjvvef vi ajwe ehn` ig jv~ vthfjba {htvbet~ vè de~v

vtehvmebv jv ajwe~ vi hbz ig vèm" Viaevèt qjv`bhvjibhl vtehvmebv, MGB emdifje~ vè {tjbnj{le igbib-fj~ntjmjbhvjib jb vè qitlf vthfjba ~z~vem"Niubvtje~ hte iqewet hlliqef vi ajwe {tegeteb-

vjhl vtehvmebv it mhtcev hnne~~ vi ibe it ~ewethlvthfjba {htvbet~ dz gitmjba h gtee vthfe hteh" AHVVHtvjnle PPJW hlliq~ git {tegetebvjhl vhtjgg eljmjbhvjibib aiif~ qjv`jb gtee vthfe hteh~ {tiwjfef v`hv vèhateemebv niwet~ ~ud~vhbvjhllz hll vthfe devqeebvè nib~vjvuebv vettjvitje~" AHV^ Htvjnle W, q`jnè~vhdlj~è~ vè ~hme texujtemebv, h{{lje~ jb vèelf ig vthfe jb ~etwjne~"


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vè qitlf vthfe ~nebe v`hv {i~~e~~ vè texuj-

~jve ~nhle, ep{etjebne, {iljvjnhl ~cjll~ hbf jb~vj-

vuvjibhl mhn`jbetz vi lehf alidhl vthfe jbjvjh-

vjwe~, fe~{jve vè telhvjwe fenljbe jb vèjt alidhl

enibimjn jm{itvhbne hbf jbgluebne" Vthb~-

hvlhbvjn vthfe hbf jbwe~vmebv j~ vè ~iutne ig

mhbz oid~ hbf hb eweb atehvet {ivebvjhl ~vjmu-

lu~ git atiqv`" Jb 4;8;, djlhvethl vthfe hnti~~

vè Hvlhbvjn jb aiif~ hlibe vivhlef &716 djlljib"

Jbfeef, Euti{ehb~ diua`v v`tee vjme~ h~ mhbz

Hmetjnhb metn`hbfj~e ep{itv~ h~ fjf vè N`j-

be~e hbf gveeb vjme~ mite v`hb vè Jbfjhb~"

^jmjlhtlz, vè Euti{ehb Ubjib ~ilf vè Ubjvef

^vhve~ behtlz vqi vjme~ vè hmiubv ig aiif~ jv

~ilf vi N`jbh hbf behtlz ~eweb vjme~ q`hv jv

~ilf vi Jbfjh"

DIP 5" V@E VTHB^HVLHBVJN ENIBIMZ JB HALIDHL NIBVEPV

Vè Vthb~hvlhbvjn enibimz te{te~ebv~ 56%ig qitlf AF[ (4;88*

Vè EU hbf U"^" hnniubv git 40"4 % igalidhl ep{itv~ ig aiif~3 >>"6% ig alidhljm{itv~ (4;;:*"

Vè U"^" hbf EU hte vè ~iutne~ ig 74":% igjbqhtf ~vinc ig GFJ3 15">% ig iuvqhtf GFJ~vinc jb vè qitlf (4;;:*"

78% ig hll jm{itv~ vi vè U"^" gtim vè EU jb4;;: nib~j~vef ig jbvth-tm vthfe, >8 % igU"^" ep{itv~ vi vè EU qh~ jbvth-tm

îutne? @hmjlvib, F" Hbf Xujblhb, O" (4;88* VèVthb~hvlhbvjn Enibimz 4;88, Nebvet git Vthb~hvlhb-vjn Telhvjib~

Fe~{jve vè mhabjvufe ig vthb~hvlhbvjn aiif~

vthfe, vthb~hvlhbvjn gitejab jbwe~vmebv j~ hb

eweb atehvet ftjwjba gitne jb vè enibimjn te-

lhvjib~`j{" Vè ~vinc hbf iq ig vthb~hvlhbvjn

jbwe~vmebv fqhtg~ vè iq ig aiif~ hbf j~ h

cez ghnvit jb Hmetjnhb hbf Euti{ehb oid nteh-

vjib hbf {ti~{etjvz" Vè Ubjvef ^vhve~ j~ vè

tenj{jebv ig behtlz v`tee-xuhtvet~ ig Euti{ehb

gitejab fjtenv jbwe~vmebv hbf Euti{e tenejwe~

mite v`hb `hlg ig U"^" iwet~eh~ jbwe~vmebv"

V`tee hbf h `hlg mjlljib Euti{ehb~ biq qitc

git Hmetjnhb nim{hbje~ jb Euti{e hbf h ~jmj-

lht bumdet ig Hmetjnhb~ qitc git Euti{ehb

tm~ jb vè Ubjvef vhve~" un` jbwe~vmebv hl~i

ftjwe~ djlhvethl vthfe iq~, qjv` h v`jtf ig U"^"

ep{itv~ vi vè EU hbf v`tee-gv`~ ig jv~ jm{itv~

gtim vè EU hnniubvef git dz jbvth-nim{hbz

GJAUTE 4" U"^" VTHFE JB AIIF^ QJV@ V@E EU (DB U^F*

DIP 7" V@E JM[ITVHBNE IG GITEJABFJTENV JBWE^VMEBV (GFJ*

U"^" iuvqhtf GFJ vi Euti{e hmiubvef vi &8"8vtjlljib jb 4;8;, j"e" 54 % ig vivhl U"^" GFJ" Jbnim{htj~ib, >"1% ig vivhl U"^" GFJ qh~ fe~vj-

bef git vè DTJN niubvtje~" Futjba Ohb-ê{v 4;8;, vè jbiq ig jbwe~vmebv

gtim Euti{e vi vè U"^" hmiubvef vi &8;7djlljib, lef dz vè Bevètlhbf~, UC, qjvetlhbf,Jtelhbf, Aetmhbz hbf Gthbne" Jb 4;;;-4;8;,17% ig vivhl GFJ jbiq vi vè U^ nhme gtimEuti{e" Vè EU GFJ vi vè U"^" jb 4;;: (8"8vtjlljib* qh~ ~jabjnhbvlz jaèt v`hb vè nimdj-bef EU jbwe~vmebv jb N`jbh (50"> djlljib* hbfJbfjh (41"4 djlljib*"

îutne? @hmjlvib, F" Hbf Xujblhb, O" (4;88* VèVthb~hvlhbvjn Enibimz 4;88, Nebvet git Vthb~hvlhb-vjn Telhvjib~


18/48

81

vthfe" Vè Atehv Tene~~jib lef vi h ghlligg jb

vthb~hvlhbvjn jbwe~vmebv jb 4;;0" Duv ajweb

vè ~vtebav` hbf te~jljebne ig vè vthb~hvlhbvjn

nh{jvhl mhtcev, vthb~hvlhbvjn jbwe~vmebv fjf biv

fenljbe behtlz h~ mun` h~ div` Euti{ehb hbf

Hmetjnhb jbwe~vmebv fjf qjv` v`jtf niubvtje~,

~un` h~ N`jbh, hbf jv h~ ~jbne tediubfef"

Bivqjv`~vhbfjba vè jm{itvhbne ig vthb~hvlhb-

vjn iq~ ig vthfe hbf jbwe~vmebv jb vè aiif~

~envit~, jv j~ vè ~etwjne~ ~envit~ ig vè Ubjvef

^vhve~ hbf Euti{e v`hv te{te~ebv vè ~lee{jba

ajhbv ig vthb~hvlhbvjn enibimjn telhvjib~" Jbv`j~ teahtf, Euti{ehb niubvtje~ hnniubv git we

ig vè vi{ veb ep{itv mhtcev~ git U"^" ~etwjne~

{tiwjfet~" U"^" ep{itv ig ~etwjne~ vi vè EU jb-

nteh~ef fthmhvjnhllz gtim h{{tipjmhvelz &8;;

djlljib jb 8::1 vi hlmi~v &4;; djlljib jb 4;;:"

Miteiwet, ~hle~ ig ~etwjne~ dz Euti{ehb hglj-

hve~ jb vè Ubjvef ^vhve~ hte mite v`hb fiudle

vè whlue ig ep{itv~ ig Euti{ehb ~etwjne~ vi vè

Ubjvef vhve~, h ~jab ig vè atiqjba {te~ebne ig

EU ~etwjne~ {tiwjfet~ jb vè Hmetjnhb mhtcev">

Q`hv hte vè jm{ljnhvjib~ ig v`j~ git guvute

vthb~hvlhbvjn vthfe hbf jbwe~vmebv nii{eth-

vjib9 Vè hb~qet j~ xujve ~jm{le" H vthb~hvlhb-

vjn enibimjn {iljnz haebfh fe~jabef vi {ti-

mive oid~ hbf atiqv` jb Euti{e hbf vè Ubjvef

^vhve~ mu~v t~v hbf gitemi~v de dh~ef ib hb

i{eb vthfe hbf jbwe~vmebv {iljnz qjv` vè

hjm ig dii~vjba enibimjn qelghte v`tiua` eweb

> @hmjlvib ' Xujblhb (4;88*

atehvet iq~ ig vthb~hvlhbvjn vthfe hbf jbwe~v-

mebv" Jb itfet vi hn`jewe v`j~, ìqewet, h mite

hnvjwe nimmjvmebv hbf ebahaemebv vi temiwe

vè temhjbjba dhttjet~ vi vthfe hbf jbwe~vmebv

j~ e~~ebvjhl, div` hnti~~ vè Hvlhbvjn hbf jb vè

mulvjlhvethl ~evvjba" Jb v`j~ teahtf, vè gilliq-

jba {tjbnj{le~ qiulf ~eem telewhbv"

H" Jb itfet vi tehgtm vèjt {iljvjnhl nim-

mjvmebv vi {tiwjfjba lehfet~`j{ git

vè alidhl enibimz, vè U"^" hbf vè

EU ~ìulf oijbvlz feweli{ h liba-vetm

~vthveajn wj~jib git div` vè vthb~-hvlhbvjn hbf vè alidhl enibimje~"

D" [ti-nim{evjvjwe tegitm~ ~ìulf de {htv

ig vèjt oijbv ~vthveaz vi {timive eni-

bimjn atiqv`" V`j~ texujte~ div` ~vtun-

vuthl tegitm~ fime~vjnhllz h~ qell h~ eweb

atehvet i{ebbe~~ vi jbvetbhvjibhl vthfe"

N" Vète j~ h beef git h gutvèt fee{ebjba

hbf dtihfebjba ig vè vthb~hvlhbvjn mht-cev{lhne jb itfet git vè U"^" hbf Euti{e

vi {tiwjfe eggenvjwe lehfet~`j{ git vè

alidhl enibimz jb vè guvute"

Vè mj~~jba elemebv j~ ìq qe {uv vè~e

{tjbnj{le~ jbvi {thnvjne" Lehfet~ tenebvlz e~-

vhdlj~èf h @ja` Lewel Qitcjba Atiu{ vi ll

jb v`j~ ntjvjnhllz jm{itvhbv ah{" Vè gilliqjba

n`h{vet~ jb v`j~ te{itv hte hb eggitv vi el{ v`j~

jm{itvhbv jbjvjhvjwe ~unneef"

GJAUTE >" EU VTHFE JB AIIF^ QJV@ V@E U^ (DB U^F*


19/48

80

Dz gutvèt ~vtebavèbjba vè vthb~hvlhb-

vjn vthfe hbf jbwe~vmebv telhvjib~`j{, vè U"^"

hbf vè EU nhb aebethve hffjvjibhl atiqv` hbf

oid~ hbf hahjb {lhz vè lehfet~`j{ tile ben-

e~~htz vi aebethve beq mimebvum git alidhlenibimjn ljdethljhvjib" Jm{itvhbvlz, vè~e

{ti{i~ef vthb~hvlhbvjn jbjvjhvjwe~ (h~ ~ìulf de

vè nh~e qjv` jbjvjhvjwe~ qjv` ivèt aeiath{`j-

nhl atiu{jba~* ~ìulf ewebvuhllz de i{ebef vi

{htvjnj{hvjib dz ivèt niubvtje~ qjlljba vi oijb

ib vè ~hme nibfjvjib~"

Vthb~hvlhbvjn enibimjn jbveathvjib qèv`-

et meh~utef dz nti~~-ditfet vthfe it nti~~-

ditfet jbwe~vmebv `h~ {tiate~~ef ~vehfjlz

jb tenebv fenhfe~, fue jb {htv div` vi ~{enjndjlhvethl {iljnje~ h~ qell h~ hnvjwe {htvjnj{hvjib

dz div` vè U"^" hbf vè EU jb {h~v mulvjlhvethl

beaivjhvjib~" H~ {tewjiu~lz fj~nu~~ef hbf fem-

ib~vthvef, Euti{ehb hbf Hmetjnhb mhtcev~ hte

èhwjlz jbveathvef hbf nuttebv nimmetnjhl ep-

n`hbae~ devqeeb vè Ubjvef vhve~ hbf vè Eu-

ti{ehb Ubjib hte h~ lhtae h~ ewet" [tjwhve ~envit

jbveathvjib nibvtjduve~ vi atiqv` hbf qelghte

jb div` enibimje~"

Dz nibvth~v, djlhvethl vthfe {iljnz nii{ethvjib

jb tenebv zeht~ `h~ deeb le~~ v`hb i{vjmhl" Jm-

{efjmebv~ vi vthfe temhjb, {tjmhtjlz jb vè

gitm ig bib-vhtjgg dhttjet~ hbf fj~{htjvje~ jb

ìq ~etwjne~ hte teaulhvef" Vhtjgg~ hte ~vjll h

buj~hbne jb mhbz ~envit~, eweb jg hwethae vhtjgg~

ib div` ~jfe~ hte telhvjwelz liq"

[tewjiu~ vthb~hvlhbvjn vthfe jbjvjhvjwe~ `hwe

vtjef vi hffte~~ ~ime ig vè~e dhttjet~" Mi~v

tenebvlz, vè Vthb~hvlhbvjn Enibimjn Niub-

njl fjtenvef jv~ hvvebvjib {tjmhtjlz vi ~{enjn

BVD~ hbf teaulhvitz fjggetebne~ jb cez ~envit~duv qjv` ljvvle ~unne~~" Vhlc~ hwe deeb ~vunc ib

ven`bjnhl teaulhvjib~ hbf ~hgevz texujtemebv~"

Ajweb v`j~ tenebv `j~vitz, ibe j~ ou~vjef jb h~c-

jba q`z vète ~ìulf de zev hbivèt hvvem{v hv

gitajba nli~et enibimjn {iljnz nii{ethvjib de-

vqeeb Euti{e hbf vè Ubjvef ^vhve~"

Vè hb~qet j~ ~vthja`vgitqhtf" Hmetjnh hbf

Euti{e temhjb vè vqi ajhbv~ ig vè qitlf

enibimz qì hte de~v hdle vi {tiwjfe alidhl

enibimjn {iljnz lehfet~`j{" Jb v`j~ teahtf, vè

EU hbf vè U"^" ~vjll fimjbhve qèb hll vè ghn-

vit~ ig lehfet~`j{ hte vhceb h~ h qìle? vthfe

jb aiif~ hbf ~etwjne~, jbbiwhvjib, {hvebv~ hbf

vthfemhtc~, mulvjbhvjibhl ebvet{tj~e~, h~ qellh~ jbvhbajdle ~igv {iqet ghnvit~" Vèz aebet-

hllz `hwe h ~`htef vthb~hvlhbvjn wj~jib ig q`hv

~ìulf de vè guvute ig alidhl nimmetnjhl {il-

jnz" Duv {tewjiu~ hn`jewemebv~ nhbbiv de vhc-

eb git athbvef" Vète j~ nuttebvlz h qittzjba

lhnc ig ebetaz jb vè vthb~hvlhbvjn telhvjib~`j{"

[iljvjnhl lehfet~ ib div` ~jfe~ hte fee{lz nib-

netbef hdiuv enibimjn mhvvet~ telhvef vi h tj~-

jba H~jh zev vèz ~elfim mhce vè nibbenvjib

devqeeb iq atehvet vthb~hvlhbvjn vthfe nii{-

ethvjib nhb nibvtjduve iwet vjme vi jm{tiwefhnne~~ vi H~jhb mhtcev~" Git hbz beq vthb~hv-

lhbvjn jbjvjhvjwe vi deht gtujv, v`hv nibbenvjib

beef~ vi de mhfe nlehtet vi {iljnzmhcet~"

Vè thvjibhle git atehvet vthb~hvlhbvjn nimmet-

njhl nii{ethvjib h~ atiqb ~vtibaet h~ div` EU

hbf U" " {iljnzmhcet~ ~vtuaale vi bf qhz~ vi

ntehve oid~ hbf enibimjn atiqv`" Vète j~ hl-

tehfz h ~iljf giubfhvjib ib q`jn` vi dujlf, hbf

gutvèt vthb~hvlhbvjn enibimjn jbveathvjib qjll

aebethve mite debev~ v`hb hbz ivèt djlhvethlhateemebv~ v`hv nhb de ebwj~jibef" Miteiwet,

vè enibimjn hbf {iljvjnhl ahjb~ gtim miw-

jba hèhf qjv` h mite {tihnvjwe vthb~hvlhbvjn

enibimz {iljnz hte ~ud~vhbvjhl" Jb v`j~ teahtf,

vète j~ ~iljf {udljn ~u{{itv ib div` ~jfe~ ig vè

Hvlhbvjn git fee{et nimmetnjhl vje~" Dz vqi vi

ibe, 50% vi 40%, Hmetjnhb~ v`jbc jbnteh~ef

vthfe qjv` Euti{e qiulf de aiif git vè Ubjv-

ef ^vhve~, hnnitfjba vi h lhve 4;8; [eq ~utwez"

V`j~ nibtm~ vè te~ulv~ ig vè mite jb-fe{v`

4;;1 AMG Vthfe hbf [iwetvz ~utwez v`hv giubfv`hv h beq eggitv vi fee{eb vè enibimjn vje~

devqeeb vè EU hbf vè Ubjvef ^vhve~ dz mhc-

jba vthb~hvlhbvjn vthfe hbf jbwe~vmebv eh~jet,

qh~ ~u{{itvef dz 76% ig Hmetjnhb~ hbf 7:%

ig Euti{ehb~"6

6 Vè Aetmhb Mht~`hll Gubf ig vè Ubjvef vhve~ (4;;1*[et~{envjwe~ ib Vthfe hbf [iwetvz Tefunvjib" H utwez ig[udljn I{jbjib" 4;;1 Cez Gjbfjba~ Te{itv" Qh~`jbavib,FN? AMG" Hwhjlhdle hv vv{?))qqq"amgu~"ita)enibimjn~)v{~utwez)4;;1V[ûtwez-GJBHL"{fg

MIWJBA VI H DHTTJET-GTEE VTHB^HVLHBVJN MHTCEV


20/48

8:

H beq vthb~hvlhbvjn jbjvjhvjwe fe~jabef vi lehf

vi h dhttjet-gtee vthb~hvlhbvjn mhtcev{lhne git

vthfe hbf jbwe~vmebv qjll texujte ~vtiba, ja`-

lewel {iljvjnhl nimmjvmebv gtim vè [te~jfebv

ig vè Ubjvef ^vhve~, vè U"^" Nibate~~, vè

èhf~ ig ~vhve~ it aiwetbmebv~ jb vè EU mem-

det ~vhve~, vè Euti{ehb [htljhmebv hbf vè Eu-

ti{ehb Nimmj~~jib" Hnvjwe jbwilwemebv ig {tj-

whve ~envit ~vhceìlfet~ hbf teaulhvit~ j~ hl~i

jm{ethvjwe" Ghjlute j~ biv hb i{vjib3 vè ni~v~

vi vè vthb~hvlhbvjn telhvjib~`j{ hbf vi vè ali-

dhl vthfjba ~z~vem ig hbivèt fj~h{{ijbvmebv

qiulf ~jm{lz de vii `ja`"

H DHTTJET-GTEE VTHB^HVLHBVJN

MHTCEV? [ILJNZ TENIMMEBFHVJIB^

GIT V@E QHZ GITQHTF

Vthb~hvlhbvjn vthfe hbf jbwe~vmebv ni-

i{ethvjib ig vè cjbf ~uaae~vef jb v`j~ te{itv

beef~ vi de nhttjef iuv ~z~vemhvjnhllz hbf iwet

h libaet {etjif ig vjme" Q`jle mhbz {ei{le, te-

nebvlz hbf jb vè {h~v, hwe ebvetvhjbef vè bi-

vjib ig h vthb~hvlhbvjn [VH, qe `hwe tegthjbef

gtim {lhnjba iut ~uaae~vjib~ ubfet h ~{enjn

lhdel" V`j~ te{itv netvhjblz ~ev~ iuv hb haebfh

git hmdjvjiu~ hbf nim{teèb~jwe djlhvethl

vthfe ljdethljhvjib? qe ebwj~jib ljdethljhvjibig vthfe jb aiif~ hbf ~etwjne~ gtim beaivjhvjib~

v`hv gtee u{ ~ud~vhbvjhllz hll vthfe" @iqewet, qe

hl~i ai dezibf vthfjvjibhl nim{ibebv~ ig h [VH

dz nhlljba git ~vthveajn nii{ethvjib iwet h qjfet

~ev ig j~~ue~, jbnlufjba jbwe~vmebv, [VH {iljnz

viqhtf~ v`jtf niubvtje~, hbf eggitv~ vi jm{tiwe

ljdethljhvjib hbf tule~ hv vè QVI" Iut jbveb-

vjib j~ vi {ti{i~e jbjvjhvjwe~ v`hv vhce u~ nli~et

vi h dhttjet-gtee vthb~hvlhbvjn mhtcev" Vè ginu~

ig v`j~ hbf ~ud~exuebv n`h{vet~ j~ ib vè ~{e-

njn jbjvjhvjwe~ qe deljewe hte jm{itvhbv" Mhbzig vè~e jbjvjhvjwe~ qjll texujte gutvèt ~ni{jba

qitc dz ignjhl~ degite jv j~ {i~~jdle vi febe

ephnvlz q`hv djlhvethl beaivjhvjib~ ~ìulf fi

hbf ìq vèz qjll ljbc u{ qjv` hmdjvjib~ qe

`hwe git QVI beaivjhvjib~"

Eljmjbhvjba vhtjgg~ jb vthb~hvlhbvjn vthfe

H cez elemebv jb ntehvjba h dhttjet-gtee vthb~-

hvlhbvjn mhtcev{lhne j~ git vè U"^" hbf vè EU

vi eljmjbhve hll vhtjgg~ ib aiif~ vthfef hnti~~

vè Hvlhbvjn v`tiua` h nim{teèb~jwe djlhvethl

h{{tihn` ewebvuhllz i{eb vi ivèt~ v`hv niulf

hl~i nibvhjb ~envithl gehvute~"

Eljmjbhvjba vhtjgg~ djlhvethllz ib h {tegetebvjhl

dh~j~ qjll {timive atiqv` hbf oid~ v`tiua`hffjvjibhl vthfe" @iqewet, ~un` h fehl niulf

hbf ~ìulf ewilwe iwet vjme jbvi hb hateemebv

qjv` ivèt niubvtje~" Vè EU hbf vè U"^" `hwe

nib~j~vebvlz deeb {u~`jba git wetz hmdjvjiu~

vhtjgg tefunvjib~ hbf eljmjbhvjib~ jb vè Fi`h

Tiubf" Vèjt djlhvethl eljmjbhvjib ig ~un` fu-

vje~ niulf ~{ut ivèt~ vi oijb vèm"

DIP 1" [EHC VHTJGG^ JB V@E UBJVEF

^VHVE^ HBF V@E EU"

Fe~{jve telhvjwelz liq lewel~ ig hwethae vhtjgg~, {ehcvhtjgg~ temhjb" Vè EU h{{lje~ {htvjnulhtlz ja`vhtjgg~ jb netvhjb nhveaitje~, ~un` h~ vidhnni hbfnjahtevve~ (:0%, qeja`vef MGB hwethae*, vepvjle~,nliv`jba, h{{htel hbf hnne~~itje~ (8;-8>%*, fhjtz{tifunv~ (84%*, weaevhdle~ hbf tiiv~, ~uaht, niv-vib, zhtb, giivqeht, lehvèt hbf nethmjn~ (1-0%*"H~ git vè U"^", `ja` vhtjgg~ h{{lz vi vidhnni hbfnjahtevve~ (68%, qeja`vef MGB hwethae*, hbf vi~uaht hbf nibgenvjibetz (>8%*, mehv (>;%*, fhjtz{tifunv~, dewethae~, weaevhdle~ (44-4>%*, giif{te{hthvjib~ (48%*, ~` hbf mehv {te{hthvjib~(8:%*, vepvjle~, nliv`jba, h{{htel hbf hnne~~itje~3{te{hthvjib~ ig netehl hbf iut, {h~vh (85-87%*,ninih hbf nìnilhve~ (8>%*, gut, giivqeht h~ qellh~ ijl ~eef~ (84%*"

îutne? Qjv~)Vthjb~

Vhtjgg eljmjbhvjib j~ jm{itvhbv git vè vthb~hv-

lhbvjn enibimz" Vhtjgg~ bi libaet te{te~ebv vè

mhjb id~vhnle~ vi vthfe" Hwethae vhtjgg~ jb vè

U"^" hbf vè EU hte telhvjwelz liq, jb vè 5-1%

thbae, hlvìua` qjv` `jaèt-v`hb-hwethae vht-

jgg~ ib mhbz hatjnulvuthl {tifunv~ hbf liqet-

v`hb-hwethae vhtjgg~ ib jbfu~vtjhl hbf nib~um-et aiif~ (mi~v ig vè ~i-nhllef {ehc vhtjgg~ jb

vè EU hbf vè U"^" hte jb vè hatjnulvuthl hbf

giif ~envit*" Duv vhtjgg~ ~ìulf de {htv ig h beq

vthb~hvlhbvjn jbjvjhvjwe git h bumdet ig teh~ib~"

Gjt~v, vthb~hvlhbvjn vthfe j~ n`hthnvetjef dz h

~jabjnhbv hmiubv ig jbvth-tm vthfe hbf vthfe

jb jbvetmefjhve aiif~" Eweb ~mhll vhtjgg~ nhb

`hwe h fhm{ebjba eggenv ib nib~um{vjib hbf

{tifunvjib" ^jbne mhbz Euti{ehb hbf Hmetj-


21/48

4;

nhb nim{hbje~ hte fe{ebfebv ib jm{itvef

jb{uv~ git {tine~~jba git nèmjnhl~ hbf {lh~-

vjn~, git ephm{le vè bev eggenv ig mhbz liq

vhtjgg~ jb vè ~u{{lz n`hjb nhb ~vjll hmiubv vi h

~jabjnhbv vthfe dhttjet" Vhtjgg~ hggenv biv iblz

vè ni~v~ ig {tifunv~ v`hv hte nib~umef it u~ef

git {tifunvjib qjv`jb vè niubvtz, duv vèz hte

jb {thnvjne h vhp ib jbvth-nit{ithve vthb~get~ ig

aiif~" H~ ~un`, vhtjgg~ tefune vè nim{evjvjwe-

be~~ ig nim{hbje~ qì u~e jm{itvef aiif~ git

h~~emdljba hbf te-ep{itvjba bhl {tifunv~"

Vè jbveb~e jbvth-jbfu~vtz vthfe hnti~~ vè Hv-

lhbvjn j~ jllu~vthvef dz vè ephm{le ig vè Wilwi

^6;, q`jn` ~ìq~ ìq jbvetvqjbef vè vthb~-

hvlhbvjn enibimz j~"5 Vhtjgg~ ib jb{uv aiif~ hte

biv eggenvjwelz {tivenvjba Euti{ehb nim{evj-

vit~ jb v`j~ nh~e, duv hte metelz jbnteh~jba vèni~v~ ig {tifunvjib" Eljmjbhvjib ig telhvjwelz

liq vhtjgg~ ib jbvetmefjhve aiif~ nhb vètegite

`hwe jm{itvhbv {i~jvjwe eggenv~ ib vthfe hbf

nim{evjvjwebe~~, div` git ~mhll hbf mefjum-

~jef ebvet{tj~e~ hbf git alidhl gjtm~ qjv`

5 Wilwi Nht~ qh~ ubvjl tenebvlz hb Hmetjnhb tm, duv h~biq deeb {utn`h~ef dz vè N`jbe~e tm Aeelz @ilfjbaAtiu{" V`j~ mhz jb guvute n`hbae vè ~iutnjba {hvvetb igWilwi nht {tifunvjib"

epveb~jwe ~u{{lz n`hjb~ hbf ~jabjnhbv jbvth-

tm vthfe" Temiwjba vhtjgg~ j~ h nibnteve qhz

vi jm{tiwe vè nibfjvjib~ git ebvte{tebeut~

hbf ~mhll nim{hbje~ qjv` liq {tiv mhtajb~,

vètedz {timivjba oid~ hbf jbbiwhvjib"

ênibf, vhtjgg eljmjbhvjib qjll {tidhdlz de {i-ljvjnhllz eh~jet vi hn`jewe v`hb ivèt vthfe te-

gitm~" Jv j~ mite vhbajdle hbf eh~jet vi hnnim-

{lj~` v`hb mhbz tefunvjib~ jb bib-vhtjgg vthfe

dhttjet~" @ebne, jbnlufjba h vhtjgg-nuvvjba ele-

mebv jb h beq vthb~hvlhbvjn vthfe ~vthveaz nhb

ntehve mimebvum hbf de h èl{gul we`jnle git

hfwhbnjba beaivjhvjib~ jb ivèt hteh~"

Vè {ivebvjhl qelghte ahjb~ git vè vthb~hvlhbvjn

enibimz gtim h eti-vhtjgg hateemebv ib vthfe

jb aiif~ hte ljcelz vi de ~jabjnhbv" Dz wjtvue

ig jv~ ~èet ~je hbf vè lhtae featee ig jbvth-

tm hbf jbvth-jbfu~vtz vthfe, vè vthb~hvlhbvjn

enibimz nhb atehvlz debev gtim vè eljmjbh-

vjib ig vhtjgg~" Hnnitfjba vi h tenebv ~vufz7, vè

7 Etjpib, G" hbf Dhuet, M" (4;8;* H Vthb~hvlhbvjn _etiHateemebv? E~vjmhvjba vè Ahjb~ gtim Vthb~hvlhbvjn GteeVthfe jb Aiif~" ENJ[E, Innh~jibhl [h{et Bi"6)4;8;"Hwhjlhdle hv? `vv{?))enj{e"ita){udljnhvjib~)enj{e-innh~jibhl-{h{et~)h-vthb~hvlhbvjn-eti-hateemebv-e~vjmhvjba-vè-ahjb~-gtim-vthb~hvlhbvjn-gtee-vthfe-jb-aiif~

GJAUTE 6" ALIDHLJ_EF Û[[LZ N@HJB^? Û[[LJET^ VI H WILWI ^6;


22/48

48

{ivebvjhl fzbhmjn AF[ eggenv gtim vhtjgg eljmj-

bhvjib j~ e~vjmhvef vi de ;">-;"5% git vè EU

hbf 8";-8">% git vè U"^" V`j~ nitte~{ibf~ vi

qelghte ahjb~ ig &50-&07 djlljib (EU* hbf &5:-

&04 djlljib (U"^"*" V`hv qiulf de ~ud~vhbvjhllz

djaaet ahjb~ v`hb vè EU it vè U^ niulf aebet-

hve gtim ivèt [VH jbjvjhvjwe~"

H {tjbnj{le ig hbz djlhvethl EU-U"^" jbjvjhvjwe

qjv` te~{env vi vhtjgg~ ~ìulf de v`hv hbz ivèt

niubvtz qiulf de gtee vi oijb vè hateemebv

{tiwjfef v`hv jv hnne{vef vè nibfjvjib~ {ti-

wjfef git jb vè hateemebv" Jbjvjhllz, vè deb-

ev~ ig vè vhtjgg nuv~ qiulf biv huvimhvjnhllz

de epvebfef vi ivèt niubvtje~" Jb ivèt qitf~,

gtee-tjfjba qiulf biv de hlliqef" Jb v`j~ qhz,

h djlhvethl vhtjgg fehl devqeeb vè EU hbf vè

U"^" j~ ljcelz vi ~{ut tebeqef jbvete~v jb ivètniubvtje~ jb h alidhl vhtjgg-nuvvjba jbjvjhvjwe

it jb oijbjba ~un` hb jbjvjhvjwe" Jv j~ ibe v`jba

git h niubvtz vi te~j~v ljdethljhvjib jg jv h~ vè

n`hbne vi dlinc jv3 jv j~ hbivèt v`jba vi ~vhbf

iuv~jfe qèb vè vqi lhtae~v enibimje~ jb vè

qitlf hte ntehvjba vè lhtae~v vhtjgg-gtee mhtcev

jb `j~vitz" Vè tj~c ig li~jba nuttebv hbf guvute

ep{itv ~hle~ hbf mhtcev ~`hte jb vè U"^" hbf

vè EU j~ ljcelz vi de ebiua` vi {et~uhfe ~ime

niubvtje~{tjbnj{hllz ivèt feweli{ef niub-

vtje~ hbf mjffle-jbnime niubvtje~ qjv` ep{itv-itjebvef enibimje~ vi igget tenj{tinhl vhtjgg

eljmjbhvjib~"

BIB-VHTJGG DHTTJET^? H ^VHCE@ILFET

FTJWEB DIVVIM-U[ JBJVJHVJWE

H ~enibf cez elemebv ig vthb~hvlhbvjn vthfe

nii{ethvjib j~ vi tefune bib-vhtjgg dhttjet~

(BVD~*" H tefunvjib ig BVD~ jb vthb~hvlhbvjn

vthfe qiulf dii~v vthfe, atiqv` hbf oid~" Vète

hte mhbz ~vufje~ ig vè {i~jvjwe eggenv~ gtim h

alidhl tefunvjib ig BVD~" Vè ~hme vz{e ig

ahjb~ qiulf hl~i de aebethvef jg vè EU hbf vè

U"^" nib~jfethdlz liqetef vè bib-vhtjgg dhttj-

et~ v`hv Hmetjnhb~ hbf Euti{ehb~ ghne qèb

vèz vthfe qjv` ehn` ivèt" H ghjtlz tenebv ~vufz

~uaae~vef v`hv vè (lhtaelz ~vhvjn* ahjb~ gtim h

5;% tefunvjib ig BVD~ qiulf dii~v AF[ dz

;"1% jb vè EU hbf ;">% jb vè U"^" V`j~ nitte-

~{ibf~ vi qelghte ahjb~ ig htiubf844 djlljib

jb vè EU hbf &5> djlljib jb vè U"^"1

Tefunvjib~ ig bib-vhtjgg dhttjet~ (BVD~*, ~un`

h~ ubbene~~htz hbf fj~ntjmjbhvitz teaulhvjib~,

tule~ hbf ~vhbfhtf~ jb ~{enjn {tifunv ~envit~,

hte mite fjgnulv vi hn`jewe v`hb vhtjgg nuv~,

{htvjnulhtlz jb h mulvjlhvethl ~evvjba hmiba hlhtae bumdet ig bhvjib~, ehn` qjv` jv~ iqb tea-

ulhvitz nulvute hbf vthfjvjib" Djlhvethl beaivjh-

vjib~, e~{enjhllz devqeeb vè EU hbf vè U"^",

q`jn` ~`hte nimmib whlue~ hbf h ~vtiba nim-

metnjhl jbvete~v jb temiwjba id~vhnle~ vi vthfe

hbf jbwe~vmebv, igget vè atehve~v i{{itvubjvz

git tefunjba bib-vhtjgg dhttjet~" Hbz {tiate~~

vèz mhce niulf ~etwe h~ h {lhvgitm git alidhl

BVD tefunvjib~"

Jb vè lja`v ig v`j~, qe ~uaae~v h nimdjbef h{-{tihn` vi tefunjba vhtjgg~ hbf BVD~ ftjweb dz

vè ep{te~~ef nibnetb~ ig enibimjn ~vhceìlf-

et~ ib div` ~jfe~ ig vè Hvlhbvjn" Vèz ~ìulf

qitc vi febe q`hv iuvnime vèz qiulf ljce

vi ~ee gtim jbvetaiwetbmebvhl beaivjhvjib~ ib

BVD~" Hbf vèjt {tjitjvje~ ~ìulf jbgitm vè

beaivjhvjib~"

Vè mhbfhve ~ìulf teenv hb hmdjvjiu~ haeb-

fh" Qjv` te~{env vi vhtjgg~, vè aihl ~ìulf de

vi eljmjbhve hll vhtjgg~ ib ~ud~vhbvjhllz hll vthfe,

jbnlufjba hatjnulvuthl aiif~" V`j~ qiulf hlliq

git h temiwhl ig hfmjbj~vthvjwe ni~v~ v`hv epj~v

teahtfle~~ ig vè ~je ig vè vhtjgg~" Vè BVD

beaivjhvjib~ ~ìulf hjm vi ai h~ ght h~ {i~~jdle

dh~ef ib vè tehl jb{uv ig du~jbe~~ atiu{~ hbf

ivèt {tjwhve ~vhceìlfet~"

V`j~ {tjwhve ~envit-ftjweb divvim-u{ h{{tihn`

qiulf hlliq git hb h{{ti{tjhvelz fe~jabef BVD

beaivjhvjba haebfh v`hv vhce~ jbvi hnniubv vè

~{enjn beef~ ig vè {tjwhve ~envit hbf vè fjg-

getebv teaulhvitz ~vtunvute~ ig BVD~ jb whtj-iu~ hteh~ ig enibimjn hnvjwjvz" Tefunjba BVD~

texujte~ h {tigiubf ubfet~vhbfjba ig vè {ut-

{i~e hbf gubnvjib ig teaulhvjib~ jb fjggetebv

~envit~ hbf v`hv j~ ~imev`jba v`hv jbfjwjfuhl

~vhceìlfet~ igveb cbiq de~v" Vète j~ hl~i

1 ENITZ^ (4;;:* Bib-Vhtjgg Meh~ute~ jb EU-U^ Vthfehbf Jbwe~vmebv? Hb Enibimjn Hbhlz~j~, hwhjlhdle hv? `vv{?))vthfe"en"euti{h"eu)finljd)fin~)4;;:)fenemdet)vth-finY86578>"{fg


23/48

44

igveb h veb~jib devqeeb teaulhvit~ hbf beai-

vjhvit~, q`jn` h divvim-u{ {tine~~ qjv` bib-

aiwetbmebv hnvit~ niulf èl{ vi hmeljithve"

Dz eggenvjwelz {tiwjfjba {iljnzmhcet~ hbf be-

aivjhvit~ qjv` jb{uv hbf `hbf~-ib cbiqlefae

gtim vè telewhbv {tjwhve ~envit ~vhceìlfet~

v`hv hte dejba hggenvef dz vè BVD~ jb xue~vjib,

v`j~ h{{tihn` qiulf h~~ute v`hv beaivjhvjba

idoenvjwe~ hte {ti{etlz jfebvjef hbf febef"

V`j~ ~envit-itjebvef h{{tihn` v`hv fthq~ ib

vè jm{itvhbv cbiqlefae v`hv nim{hbje~ hbf

ivèt ~vhceìlfet~ {i~~e~~ j~ vètegite {teget-

hdle hbf mite tehlj~vjnhllz hn`jewhdle v`hb hbz

hvvem{vef aebethl `htmibjhvjib ig ~vhbfhtf~"

Qe ~uaae~v v`hv aiwetbmebv~ ~ev h vhtaev fhve

qèb gitmhl beaivjhvjib~ devqeeb Euti{e hbf

vè Ubjvef vhve~ qjll ~vhtv" Ubvjl vèb, du~jbe~~hbf ghtmet~ h~~injhvjib~ hbf ivèt ~vhceìlf-

et~, ~ìulf de ajweb vjme vi {te{hte {ti{i~hl~

git h beaivjhvjba haebfh, hbf eweb vi nime u{

qjv` h dlue{tjbv git hb hateemebv it ~{enjn

{htv~ ig hb hateemebv"

Q`jle vè ~{enjgjnjvje~ ig vè BVD haebfh

~ìulf de legv vi du~jbe~~ atiu{~ hbf ivèt

{tjwhve ~vhceìlfet~ vi fevetmjbe, vète hte h

bumdet ig nib~jfethvjib~ v`hv ~ìulf de vhceb

jbvi hnniubv" Vè mi~v jm{itvhbv j~ vi de nlehthdiuv vè aihl? teaulhvitz nii{ethvjib vi vè

mhpjmum epvebv {i~~jdle"

Ephnvlz ìq vi ~vtunvute teaulhvitz nii{eth-

vjib j~ h fjgnulv xue~vjib" Q`jle ~ime ghwit

hateemebv ib dh~jn {tjbnj{le~ git teaulhvjib~,

ivèt~ {uv vè em{`h~j~ ib teaulhvitz `ht-

mibjhvjib" Jv j~ igveb vè hnvuhl BVD, it vè

~envit jv nibnetb~, v`hv febe~ q`jn` mevìf

~vhbf~ vè de~v n`hbne ig hn`jewjba vè iwethll

aihl ig niètebne" V`j~ j~ q`z jv j~ jm{itvhbv vi

`hwe divvim-u{ {htvjnj{hvjib jb vè gitmhvjib

ig hb BVD haebfh? jv qjll {uv vè ginu~ ib vè

hnvuhl BVD~ hbf vè iwethll teaulhvitz nibvepv

git h ~envit thvèt v`hb ebahae ignjhl~ jb h fj~-

nu~~jib iwet {tjbnj{le~ hbf hdiuv q`hv aebethl

~vthveaz mhce~ vè mi~v ~eb~e"

V`hv dejba ~hjf, ìqewet, muvuhl teniabjvjib

hateemebv~ (MTH* it eweb mite hmdjvjiu~ tea-

ulhvitz htmibjhvjib ~nème~ niulf {i~~jdlz

de u~ef vi tefune BVD~ jb ~ime ~envit~" Vthb~-

hvlhbvjn MTH~ git aiif~ niulf, git ephm{le,

fthq jb~{jthvjib gtim MTH~ devqeeb Hu~vthl-

jh hbf Beq _ehlhbf" Ubfet vèjt hateemebv~,

vè {tjbnj{le ig muvuhl teniabjvjib h{{lje~ dz

feghulv vi hll vthfe jb aiif~, uble~~ h {tifunv

ghll~ ubfet vè nhveaitz ig {etmhbebv it vem-

{ithtz epem{vjib~" Fthqjba ib vè~e mifel~,

vè EU hbf vè U"^" niulf u~e h beahvjwe lj~vjba

h{{tihn` vi teniabjvjib ig ~vhbfhtf~ (teniabj-

jba hbf hnne{vjba ehn` ivèt~ ~vhbfhtf~ jb hll

~envit~ epne{v vè epem{vef ibe~*"

Jm{itvhbvlz, {htv ig vè haebfh qjll beef vi te-

env vè bene~~jvz vi {tewebv guvute teaulhvitz

fjwetaebne~, {htvjnulhtlz dz {hzjba hvvebvjib vi

beq hbf telhvjwelz ubteaulhvef hteh~, e"a" bhb-

iven`biliaz, fjajvhl ebwjtibmebv hbf e-èhlv`"

Nuttebv fjwetaebne~ ~ìulf idwjiu~lz hl~i dehffte~~ef jb itfet vi jbnteh~e egnjebnz hbf

qelghte" Fjggetebne~ jb vè Hmetjnhb hbf Eu-

ti{ehb teaulhvitz ~z~vem~ ntehve ~jabjnhbv

bib-vhtjgg dhttjet~ vi vthfe jb mhbz ~envit~ hbf

jbnteh~e vthfe ni~v~ jb ~envit~ ~un` h~ huvimi-

djle~, nèmjnhl~ hbf {`htmhneuvjnhl~, elenvtib-

jn~ hbf elenvtjnhl mhn`jbetz, hbf bhbnjhl ~etw-

jne~, hmiba ivèt~" Git ephm{le, jv `h~ deeb

e~vjmhvef v`hv bib-vhtjgg meh~ute~ jbnteh~e

vthfe ni~v~ jb vthb~hvlhbvjn vthfe iq~ dz u{

vi 41% jb vè huvimidjle ~envit, hbf dz 4;% jbelenvtibjn~ hbf JNV exuj{mebv0"

Miteiwet, teaulhvitz haebnje~ jb vè EU hbf

vè U"^" ~ìulf de idljaef vi nibfunv jm{hnv

h~~e~~mebv~ ig fjggetebne~ jb {tifunv ~hgevz

teaulhvjib~"

Vè EU hbf vè U"^" ~ìulf hl~i e~vhdlj~` h

nib~ulvhvjwe gitum vi hlliq hateemebv~ vi de

~jabef devqeeb jbfjwjfuhl EU memdet ~vhve~

hbf U"^" ~vhve~ jb hteh~ qète gefethl hatee-

mebv~ hte biv {i~~jdle fue vi outj~fjnvjibhl teh-

~ib~" Jb v`j~ qhz, teaulhvitz jbveathvjib niulf

{tineef ib vè dh~j~ ig h nihljvjib ig vè qjlljba"

Jv temhjb~ vi de ep{litef ephnvlz q`hv ~itv ig

bib-gefethl hateemebv~ niulf de ~jabef mu-

vuhl teniabjvjib ig jb~uthbne hbf te-jb~uthbne

0 ENITZ^ (4;;:* Bib-Vhtjgg Meh~ute~ jb EU-U^ Vthfehbf Jbwe~vmebv? Hb Enibimjn Hbhlz~j~, hwhjlhdle hv? `vv{?))vthfe"en"euti{h"eu)finljd)fin~)4;;:)fenemdet)vth-finY86578>"{fg


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teaulhvjib~, it ~jmjlht eggitv~ vi hlliq lhqzet~

vè tja`v vi {thnvjne, mhz de vqi hteh~ duv

~un` h gitum niulf {tiwe jm{itvhbv vi iwet-

nime outj~fjnvjibhl {tidlem~" Vè tile ig aiw-

etbmebv niulf jb ~ime jb~vhbne~ de vi ghnjljvhve

{tjwhve ~envit hateemebv~ qjv` vè eggenv ig e~-

vhdlj~`jba muvuhl teniabjvjib"

Gjbhllz, vè EU hbf vè U" " ~ìulf hnvjwelz nibvjb-

ue vi qitc ib vè BVD beaivjhvjib~ ubfetqhz jb

vè QVI" Jb {htvjnulht, vèz ~ìulf ~vtjwe vi ~jm-

{ljgz {tinefute~ git nim{lhjbv~ hbf ~evvlemebv~

ig fj~{uve~ denhu~e ig hlleaeflz fj~ntjmjbhvitz

BVD~ it bib-{ti{itvjibhl dhttjet~ vi vthfe" Vè

EU hbf vè U"^" ~ìulf hl~i ~eec vi jm{tiwe vè

VDV-bivjnhvjib {tinefute, hbf vè mibjvitjba

vèteig, jb itfet vi h~~ute v`hv teaulhvjib~ qjv`

eggenv~ ib epvetbhl vthfe hte {ti{etlz ubfet~viifhbf ephmjbef dz ivèt niubvtje~"

VTHB^HVLHBVJN VTHFE JB ÊTWJNE^:

H v`jtf cez elemebv jb ep{hbfjba vthb~hv-

lhbvjn vthfe j~ vi ljdethlje vthfe jb ~etwjne~"

êtwjne~ hte ig atiqjba jm{itvhbne jb jbvet-

bhvjibhl vthfe jb aebethl hbf jb vthb~hvlhbvjn

vthfe jb {htvjnulht" êtwjne~ hnniubv git 17"0%

hbf 1>"8% ig AF[ jb vè Ubjvef ^vhve~ hbf vè

EU, te~{envjwelz" Hv vè ~hme vjme, jv j~ qell

cbiqb v`hv vthfe i{ebbe~~ jb vè ~etwjne ~en-

vit fie~ biv mhvn` vthfe i{ebbe~~ jb vè aiif~

~envit" Vthfe wilume~ hte hl~i mun` lhtaet jb

vè aiif~ ~envit vthb~hvlhbvjn vthfe jb aiif~

j~ tiua`lz vqjne vè ~je ig vthb~hvlhbvjn vthfe

jb ~etwjne~"

Vète j~ bi ~vufz ib vè {ivebvjhl ahjb~ gtim

vthb~hvlhbvjn ljdethljhvjib ig vthfe jb ~etwjne~,

duv vète hte e~vjmhve~ ib epj~vjba dhttjet~ vi

vthfe" H~ mhbz dhttjet~ vi vthfe jb ~etwjne~ hteemdeffef jb fime~vjn mhtcev teaulhvjib~, jv j~

hl~i u~egul vi ephmjbe vè dtihfet ~vtunvute ig

h outj~fjnvjib~ mhtcev teaulhvjib~ jb itfet vi

aev h aiif ubfet~vhbfjba ig h niubvtz~ dhttjet~

vi ~etwjne~ nimmetne"

: Jbnlufjba fhvh gtim? Me~~etljb, [hvtjnc ' whb fet Mhtel,Etjc (4;88* Vè Fzbhmjn~ ig Vthb~hvlhbvjn Beaivjhvjib~ jbêtwjne~, [htj~? AEM)^njebne~ [i

Jv `h~ deeb e~vjmhvef, git ephm{le, v`hv iwet

4;% ig vè vivhl {tifunvjib ig ~etwjne~ jb div`

vè EU hbf vè U"^" j~ nuttebvlz ~udoenv vi h ~ud-

~vhbvjhl lewel ig {tifunv mhtcev teaulhvjib~ v`hv

~ewetelz jm{efe jbvetbhvjibhl vthfe jb vè~e

~etwjne~8;" (Hbf v`j~ j~ git iblz ibe vz{e ig te-

~vtjnvjib jb jbvetbhvjibhl vthfe jb ~etwjne~*" Jb

vè EU, vè lewel ig teaulhvitz nib~vthjbv~ git

~etwjne~ j~ `jaè~v jb vè elenvtjnjvz ~envit, gil-

liqef dz mhn`jbetz leh~jba3 fj~vtjduvjib3 du~j-

be~~ ~etwjne~3 vthb~{itvhvjib hbf ~vithae hbf

bhbnjhl ~etwjne~" Jb vè U" ", vè lewel ig te~vtjn-

vjib~ j~ aebethllz ~imeq`hv liqet nim{htef vi

vè EU" @ja` lewel~ ig te~vtjnvjib~ bewetvèle~~

h{{lz vi bhbnjhl ~etwjne~3 fj~vtjduvjib3 elenvtjn-

jvz hbf {i~v hbf velenimmubjnhvjib~"

Vè mhabjvufe ig epj~vjba dhttjet~ vi vthfe, hbfvè lhnc ig nim{evjvjib jb ~ime ~etwjne~ ~en-

vit~, ~uaae~v~ v`hv vète hte ~jabjnhbv {i~jvjwe

ahjb~ vi de mhfe dz tefunjba teaulhvitz dhttj-

et~ hbf ~vjmulhvjba atehvet epn`hbae" Te~vtjn-

vjib~ v`hv ~ìulf de hffte~~ef jb h vthb~hvlhbvjn

hateemebv ib vthfe jb ~etwjne~ jbnlufe hll vè

mife~ ig ~etwjne feljwetz" Vèz hggenv vè fe-

ljwetz ig ~etwjne~ thbajba gtim elenvtjnjvz aeb-

ethvjib hbf fj~vtjduvjib vi bhbnjhl ~etwjne~,

vthb~{itvhvjib, {i~v hbf ep{te~~ feljwetz, vel-

enimmubjnhvjib~ ~etwjne~, {tige~~jibhl ~etw-jne~, hbf qìle~hle hbf tevhjl vthfe"

Ephnvlz ìq h vthb~hvlhbvjn hateemebv ib

vthfe jb ~etwjne~ ~ìulf de ~vtunvutef j~ i{eb

vi fedhve" H beaivjhvjib haebfh qjll texujte h

fevhjlef hbhlz~j~ ig nuttebv dhttjet~ h~ qell h~

e~vjmhve~ ib ahjb~ gtim h vthb~hvlhbvjn hatee-

mebv" Vè ~ni{e ig hb hateemebv ~ìulf de fe-

{ebfebv ib vè nimmetnjhl ahjb~ v`hv niulf de

fetjwef gtim tefunjba it eljmjbhvjba dhttjet~"

Miteiwet, jv j~ ntjvjnhl git beaivjhvjib~ v`hv vèz~vhtv gtim vè {te~um{vjib v`hv vète ~ìulf

de atehvet teaulhvitz nii{ethvjib jb h dtihf

thbae ig ~etwjne ~envit~ jb itfet vi dii~v ~etw-

jne~ vthfe" @iq teaulhvitz nii{ethvjib niulf

de jm{tiwef ~ìulf de ~imev`jba git beaivjh-

8; H ~ud~vhbvjhl lewel ig te~vtjnvjib jm{lje~ v`hv vè [tifunvMhtcev Teaulhvjib jbfjnhvit git h ~{enjn elf ig ~etwjne~j~ hdiwe >; (jbfep ;-8;;*, ng" Me~~etljb hbf whb fet Mhtel(4;88*


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vit~ hbf teaulhvit~ vi fj~nu~~ qjv` jb{uv gtim

vè enibimjn ~vhceìlfet~ v`hv hte hggenvef dz

vèm vifhz" Vè ~{enjhl divvim-u{ jbjvjhvjwe ib

BVD~, {te~ebvef jb vè {tewjiu~ ~envjib, niulf

de h mifel hl~i git vthfe beaivjhvjib~ jb vè

elf ig ~etwjne~"

Vthb~hvlhbvjn beaivjhvjib~ ~ìulf hl~i vhce

hnniubv ig q`hv qjll `h{{eb vi beq eggitv~

vi nthgv {lutjlhvethl hateemebv~ jb vè elf ig

~etwjne~" Ljceqj~e, jv beef~ vi de niitfjbhvef

qjv` eggitv~ jb vè hteh~ ig jbwe~vmebv hbf

aiwetbmebv {tinutemebv" Dh~jnhllz, h vthb~-

hvlhbvjn ~etwjne hnnitf ~ìulf nibvhjb h~ mhbz

elemebv~ h~ bene~~htz vi gtee u{ ~etwjne~ vthfe,

eweb jg ~ime ig vè~e elemebv~ qjll iwetlh{ qjv`

ivèt beaivjhvjib~"

H vthb~hvlhbvjn hateemebv ib ~etwjne~ niulf

jbjvjhllz vhce vè gitm ig h dtihf gthmeqitc

hateemebv, hliba vè ljbe~ ig vè QVI Aebethl

Hateemebv ib Vthfe jb etwjne~ (AHV^*, q`jn`

qiulf h{{lz vi hll ~etwjne ~envit~" Jbfeef, h~

vè {ut{i~e ig h vthb~hvlhbvjn hateemebv qiulf

de vi jm{tiwe ib vè jbhfexuhve mhtcev hnne~~

{tiwj~jib~ jb vè AHV^, jv niulf de èl{gul vi

u~e vè AHV^ gthmeqitc h~ h dh~j~ git beaivjh-

vjib~" Duv h vthb~hvlhbvjn fehl ~ìulf fjgget gtim

AHV^ jb ibe cez te~{env? jv ~ìulf u~e beahvjwethvèt v`hb {i~jvjwe lj~vjba h~ vè mehb~ vi nim-

mjv niubvtje~ vi i{eb mhtcev~"

Beahvjwe lj~vjba j~ h devvet ~vthveaz h~ jv ~vhtv~

gtim vè {te~um{vjib v`hv mhtcev~ ~ìulf

de i{eb hbf v`hv beqlz feweli{ef ~etwjne~

qiulf huvimhvjnhllz de i{eb vi vthfe uble~~ h

niubvtz ep{ljnjvlz jbvtifunef h dhttjet" Gjbhllz,

h vthb~hvlhbvjn hateemebv ib vthfe jb ~etwjne~

niulf de hnnim{hbjef dz ~etwjne~ ~envithl

hateemebv~, qète ~{enjn {tiwj~jib~ telewhbv

vi vè ~envit niulf de feweli{ef"

H vthb~hvlhbvjn ~etwjne~ hnnitf ~ìulf jbjvjhllz

de djlhvethl" Duv h~ qjv` ivèt djlhvethl hatee-

mebv~ ~uaae~vef jb v`j~ te{itv jv ~ìulf de

i{ebef vi ivèt niubvtje~ v`hv qj~` vi oijb h~

liba h~ vèz hte qjlljba vi ljwe u{ vi vè vetm~

hbf nibfjvjib~ ~ev gitv` jb vè hateemebv"

Miteiwet, vè hateemebv ~ìulf jbnlufe {ti-

wj~jib~ idljajba vè {htvje~ vi {etjifjnhllz te-

wjeq hbf tefune vèjt beahvjwe lj~v~ ig epne{-

vjib~ ewetz we zeht~ it ~i, jb itfet vi cee{ {hne

qjv` v

A NEW ERA FOR TRANSATLANTIC TRADE LEADERSHIP (Eng) / Una nueva era para el liderazgo del comercio...

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Transcript of A NEW ERA FOR TRANSATLANTIC TRADE LEADERSHIP (Eng) / Una nueva era para el liderazgo del comercio...