20140625 FCV Presentation En

5/22/2018 20140625 FCV Presentation En

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Toyotas Approach to Fuel Cell Veh

June 25, 2014

Toyota Motor Corporation


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The first automobiles

Steam-powered vehicle (1769)

Electric vehicle (1899)

Gasoline vehicle (1886)

Benz Patent-MotorwagenPrice 2,750 marks (approx. $1,000)

Engine Single-cylinder horizontal984 cc/400 rpm/0.9 hp

Max. speed 16 km/h

Weight 313 kgS


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The electric engine starter

Electric engine starter (1Manual engine starter


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The assembly line

Advent of mass production (1913)

Price redinnovation

m

$290

$780

Ford Model T assembly line

Ford Model T

$850(Rival com

Sources: Ford Motor CompAmerika ji


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The road network in the U.S.

Sources: U.S. Department of Tran

Interstate Highways (Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and D

Built under the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956

Combined length of approx. 66,000 km, at a total cost of 25 billion dollars over 13 yea

Funded with Highway Trust Fund (Gasoline tax in 1956: 3 cents/gallon)


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History of gasoline

Lucas gusher, Spindletop Hill,Texas (1901)

Drive-in gas station (1913)Sources: Sekiyu no seiki (Daniel Yerg

The

1901: Oil fields discovered in Texas1907: First gas station opens in the U.S.1913: Thermal cracking allows greater quantities of gasoline to be obtained fr

1929: 300,000 stores selling gasoline in the U.S.


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The age of gasoline-powered automobiles

1950

Electricvehicles

1900 Yea

Gv

Steam-poweredvehicles

Numberofautomob

iles

Massproduction

Electricengine

starter

Lincoln Highway Federal-Aid Highway Actof 1956

Development of thermalcracking process

Gas stations spreadThe first gas station

Increased demand for gasolineRoads

Fuel

Gasoline-powered automobilesSteam, electricity, and

gasoline-powered automobilesHorse-drawn cart

The simultaneous development of technologies, roads angave rise to the age of gasoline-powered automobile


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What the automobile has achieved

Enhanced mobility (for people and for go

Freedom and convenience (anytime, any

Mobile personal spaces

Economic,social, and cultural growth

New possibiliticreated by enhanced

=


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Problems caused by gasoline-powered automobiles

Concern over future oil sup

Increase innumber ofvehicles

Surge infossil fuel

consumption

Air pollution

CO2emissions leading toglobal warming

Growth of globalindustry andtechnology in the20th century


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Crude oil supply forecast

Developing non-conventional resources

will increase the global oil supply

Others

BiofuelsCrude and condensa

Crude oil(conventional oil fields)

Tight oilOil sands

Liquid natural gas

Deep-sea oil fields

(units: million oil-equivalentbarrels/day)

(trillion barrels)

Global liquids supply by type


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Increase in distance traveled

1985 $1= 250

GDP and distance traveled by region (1950-1997)

North America

Western Europe

Eastern Europe

Australia and New Zealand

Former Soviet Union

Central Asia

South Asia

Latin America

Middle East and Africa

Africa

Asia Pacific

World

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000

0$0 $5,000 $10,000 $15,000 $20,000 $25,000

Per capita GDP in 1985

Distan

cetraveled

perperson

peryear

(km) 1997

1950

Distance traveled has increased due to economic growt


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The world in 2050

Global population of 9.6 billion 70% of the worlds population living in cities

Global and urban population Global GDP

Source: U.N. Dept. ofEconomic and SocialAffairs

Global GDP to increase more tha

Rapid increase in overall/urban population and economy leadIntensified environmental problems

(climate change, global warming, air pollution)

Global population

Urban population

Population

10

8

6

4

2

0

(billion)


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What is a sustainable mobility society?

One that allows us allto move freely

in comfort and safety,

in an environment-friendly, sustainablema


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A sustainable society

A society which uses diverse energy sources, with electricity and hydroge

EVs/PHVs

Electricitystoragefacilities

Thermalpowergeneration

Power generation units

Automotive fuel

Hydrogentanks

Biomass

Wastewater

Photovoltaicgeneration

Wind powerRenewableEnergy

Fossil FuelsElectricity Grid

Hydrogen Grid

Hydrogen-ElectricityConversion

High-volume,long-term storage

Electrolysis

Industry

Elec

Energy Fl

Hyd

Foss

FCVs/FC buses

Urban/

residential

HVs

Refineries/chemical p

Chemicalplants

Urban/residential

Urban/residential


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Toyotas environmental principles

Driving real and positive change by popularizthese vehicles

Developing efficient, low-emission vehicles

Embracing diverse energy sources


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Primary energy sources, automotive fuels and powertr

Primary energysource

Automotive fuel Powertrain

Oil

Coal

Plants

Electricity

Hydrogen

Diesel

Conventionaland hybrid

vehicles

EVs

FCVs

PHVs

Natural gas

Uranium

Hydro, solar,geothermal electricity

generation

Gasoline

Biofuels

Gaseous fuels

Synthetic fuels


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Hybrid vehicle lineup

Toyota has introduced hybrid models in all vehicle categories

Compact

Medium

Large

SUV

Minivan

Commercial As of Ma


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Hybrid vehicle sales

1997 1999 2001 2009 20112003 2005 2007 2013

11

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Cum

ulativesales(millio

n)

HV global sales 2012: Achieved 1 million annual units sales for the first time Dec. 2013: Cumulative sales passed 6 million units

3 million units

2 million units

1 million units

4 million units

5 million units

6 million units

2014


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Development of hybrid technology

Hybrid technology underpins Toyotas PHVs, EVs and FCV

EV

HV

PHV

FCV

Motor

Fuel tank

PCU

Battery

Engine

Generator

Motor

Fueltank

PCU

Battery

Engine

Generator

Motor

Fueltank

PCU

Battery

Engine

Motor

Hydrogentank

PCU

Battery

Engine


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Characteristics of alternative fuels

The strengths of individual alternative fue

Electricity Hydrogen Biofuel N

Well-to-wheel CO2 Poorto Excellent

Poorto Excellent

Poorto Excellent

Supply volume Excellent Excellent Poor

Cruising range Poor Excellent Excellent

Fueling/charging time Poor Excellent Excellent

Dedicated infrastructure Good Poor Excellent

Internal combustionengines

InterFCVEV


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Fuel diversity and uses

EVs: Short-distance, HVs & PHVs: Wide-use, FCVs: Medium-to-lon

Short-distancecommuter vehicles

Fuel Electricity Gasoline, diesel, biofuels, CNG, synthetic fuels, etc. Hyd

Home deliveryvehicles

EVs

HVs

PHVs

FC buses

FCVsVehiclesize

Passenger carsRoute buses

Personal mobility

EVs

HV/PHVsFCVs


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The importance of PHVs

ElectricityG

Next-generation electric vehicles for widespread us

PHVs can be used safely and without limitations, at all tim


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Pros and cons of EVs

EVs are appropriate for short-distance commuting and

Shorter range

High battery costs

Long charging time

Need for quick charger infra

Zero emissions when driven

Quiet

Rechargeable from household outlet

Advantages Disadvantages


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About hydrogen

Hydrogen is found in abundance in water and fossil fuels

It is colorless, odorless, and tasteless at room temperatureatmospheric pressure; it is extremely light and diffuses rap

It is a reactive element with numerous chemical/fuel uses;increase the electricity generation efficiency of hydrogen


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Primary uses of hydrogen

Thanks to past experience and recent research,hydrogen can be used as safely as gasoline or natural g

Hydrogen has been used for over 200 years

Urban areas: gas lampsIn homes: utility gas (water/coal gas)In manufacturing: fertilizer (ammonia), oil refining (desulf

As an automotive fuel


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Advantages of hydrogen

Zero CO2emissions during use, helping to achieve a low-carbon society

Can be obtained from a variety of primary energy sources From fossil fuels such as natural gas, as well as from unused sewage From water using natural energy sources such as solar or wind energy

Higher energy density than batteries, and is easier to transport and store; cused to resolve uneven distribution of regional energy, and to compensate fluctuations in supply from renewable energy sources

Wide range of uses, from home to automotive fuel and power generation


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We believe hydrogen will bea leading energy source in

the future


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Toyotas FCV development to date

1992: Start of development

A Toyota FCV took part in a parade in Osaka. The vehiclefeatured a fuel cell stack and metal hydride hydrogen tank.

1996: Parade in Osaka

EVS13 in Osaka (O

Toyotas FCV development started in 1992.


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Toyotas FCV development to date

Max speed 155 km/h

Range

830 km

(10-15 testcycle)

Occupancy 5

Max pressure of tank 70 MPa

Fuel cell output 90 kW

World-first limited sale in the U.S. and Japan

Achieves vehicle type certification from the Japanese government

Range and cold start capabilities improved

Toyota has leased over fuel cell 100 vehicles to date, and thehave driven over 2 million km in the U.S. and Japan

2002: FCHV (Dec 2002-)

2005: FCHV (July 2005-)

2008: FCHV-adv (June 2008-)

f C


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Advantages of FCVs

Energy diversification

Hydrogen can be produced from avariety of primary energy sources

Zero emissions

Zero CO2emissions during dr

Driving pleasure

Smooth start and good accelerationat low and medium speeds

Smooth and quiet operation

Low refueling time

Cold-start capabilit

PerformHigh cruising rangeunder JC08 cycle;

Power supply capabilities 4-5 times greaterthan EVs; can supply power to an averagehousehold for more than a week

Large power supply capability for emergencies

Th t ti l f FCV


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The potential of FCVs

FCVs are ideal eco-cars

FCVs contribute to a sustainable mobility society by:

contributing to the diversity of automotive fuels

only emitting water vapor during driving

offering the convenience of existing gasoline-engine automo

F l ll t d l t


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Fuel cell system development

The new fuel cell system is smaller and performs bett

Top-level

Size reduction

3.0 kW/L

Key system components can be plac

Output power over 100 kW

Over twice the output powerdensity of the Toyota FCHV-adv

Hi h h d t k d l t


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High-pressure hydrogen tank development

High-pressure hydrogen tank performance

has increased while costs have decreased

Top-level

Different materials andmanufacturing process used

5.7 wt%

Reduced costs

Number of tanks per vehicle halved fromfour to two

Tank storage density improved by approx.20% compared to Toyota FCHV-adv

(70MPa) (70MPa)



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Significant progress has been made in fuel cell system deve

Use of boost converter Fewer cells, smaller motorNo humidifier Enhanced reliability; reduced size, weig

MotorPower control unit Battery Fuel filler

Hydrogen tankFuel cellstack

Boost converter

Fuel cell system cost reduction


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Fuel cell system cost reduction

DesignProduction technology

Limited sales

Mass production

Resolve technical issues

Market entry Widespread use

Reduce cost

Costs down to 5%of FCHV-adv costs

(2015)

Furthercost

reductions

FCHV-adv(2008)

Fuel cell system costs have decreased significantly, and willcontinue to decrease.

Toyotas FCV sedan: exterior ( f J 25 20


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Toyota s FCV sedan: exterior (as of June 25, 20

Toyotas FCV sedan: Japan sales (as of June 25 20


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Toyota s FCV sedan: Japan sales (as of June 25, 20

Going on sale before April 2015(in the summer of 2015 in the U.S. and Europe)

Sold at Toyota and Toyopet dealer

Approximately 7 million yen

(Initially, sales will be focused on dealerships in areas where hydrogen infrasbeing developed)

(Approximate MSRP; excludes consumption tax; U.S./European pricing not y


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20140625 FCV Presentation En

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