2010 Mejora Abejas 2 El Colmenar

download 2010 Mejora Abejas 2 El Colmenar

of 8

Transcript of 2010 Mejora Abejas 2 El Colmenar

  • 7/23/2019 2010 Mejora Abejas 2 El Colmenar

    1/8

    5

    La mejora gen$tica en la

    apicltra (II)

    La mejora gen$tica en la

    apicltra (II)Francisco Padilla Al!are# ([email protected]), Jos$ M. Flores Serrano, Francisco Campano Cabanes " Ma"ra M. G%me# Carpio.

    Departamento de Zoologa. Campus Universitario de Rabanales. 14071 Crdoba.

    Introduccin" > T-

    @ V -V @@ J @@,

    T >>@ >@

    >@ >@>. *>S -

    >@ T S- .

    C@

    @>>@ @

    >@ S @

    S J @

    >@ @> .

    Gentica cuantitativa" >@ S >

    J @>@ @@>@ ->

    @>KV @ @

    @ @ BK . E

    S@ @ -

    @ >

    > S-@ (>@) @T

    @. C@>@ @

    >@ B @

    >

    >.

    >@ @

    >@ @ III

    @ J >@ @ T -

    , @>@ @ >@ P@-

    V >Q.

    E >@

    T @ V >@ @

    @ @ @,

    J >J

    T @ @ @

    @ . D @

    L 98 -@ 2010

  • 7/23/2019 2010 Mejora Abejas 2 El Colmenar

    2/8

    6

    >@ > @

    J

    @@ >@@-@T J @@T.

    E S@ @ F

    (1890-1962) J

    (1889-1988) @

    V @

    > @@>@@>@ S .

    E > S -

    @@ (.

    @V @), @

    @ , R

    >@ @ >@

    J @ >- >S

    .

    F J " " (1896-

    1982) @>KV -

    @@ @ @>

    >@ S > -@ @ @ F J

    . E @>K@

    S @

    R -

    R@, @ -

    @@ @ @@

    >V -@@T >@ @>-

    K .

    E @@ S

    >@

    V @ @@ -

    K@ @ > (->@) J @@>@

    @ @T,

    @ >R >@

    @V -

    L 98 -@ 2010

  • 7/23/2019 2010 Mejora Abejas 2 El Colmenar

    3/8

    L 98 -@ 2010

    R@ @ @-

    @.

    >@ >R > -

    R@ @,

    @

    >R>@ @

    @> @ @ J @@- > -

    @ (S @()

    S), @-

    > >@ @ S

    > @.

    Mejora gentica y

    apiculturaA @ -

    @ S>@ @3 >:

    1.- E >@ @ >-

    >@ @@-

    (. ), >@ @ R-

    @ V

    S @V-

    >@.

    2.- B @ - @@ >@

    @@. " V

    @@ @W@

    >@ J @-

    P@ @Q, >R @ >

    @< >. @

    > @

    V @ @@ >@, -

    7

  • 7/23/2019 2010 Mejora Abejas 2 El Colmenar

    4/8

    8

    @@ @@

    @ @ >@.+ @ >V

    J @>

    @ @ R@

    @. @>@

    @> R > >

    >@. C@ @>K>@

    @@ V -

    @@>@

    J @> >@, T@>@ K > >>@. >@

    @ @ >R

    S @>

    >@ >J@ @V

    >.

    C@>K>@ @ @-@ >@ (. V

    >) @ @>

    >R @ @

    @>. "

    @> >@ @>@

    > -V . @@

    > @>

    >@ > >,

    @ V >>@

    @S @> >@. M'S >@

    @V >

    >@ @?,

    K

    @ > (W>@ @, @ >-

    @ 20% @) J

    >-

    @>

    >@ MC @->@ @ T JV @> >R

    @

    >@?, @ @

    >@ @ > -

    V, @ @ @

    >@ MCR@ @>@> @V

    >?, >@@ @ >@

    >, @

    @ T J V

    >R @, -

    >@ >@ @-V >, @>@

    >@@ @ >.

    F> MS @

    >@ K -

    V?, >@@> @ @@

    @@ @>

    @ @@

    @> @

    @ K@. B@,

    @ > >@S, @@ @

    J >@

    @ .

    >@ @>@ >@ @@ > (@-

    V @), J @,

    @ @@ @ @-

    @O N@-

    !.

    3.- E >@ V@

    @ @ @@, @

    >@, >@ @-

    > @V

    >. *>S >@

    >.B@, S @@ @

    @ >@ -

    @ K @>

    L 98 -@ 2010

    Puesta de varios das.

  • 7/23/2019 2010 Mejora Abejas 2 El Colmenar

    5/8

    9L 98 -@ 2010

    >@, > @ @ -

    T >@ M'S

    T @>@ -

    ?,

    :- &@V >.

    - &@V @.

    - *@ >.- D@.

    - A.

    - B >-KV

    E >@ @ @-

    @>-

    @ @@ -

    V @> T

    >@. M*>@

    @K@>

    @?, > @,

    >@ @ @

    @>@ >R, @

    @ @,

    @>@ @ >@ @@

    @>.

    E @

    @ >@ @- @@

    >@ . HJ

    @-

    @. >@>@ @V >

    J >@ @@ @ @V ,

    T> @>@ -

    K @>V @

    @ @@.+ V >@

    @@

    @@ >@

    >@ @@. E

    R@ K >@@@ J > @

    @> @>

    @@ V. &@

    >@,

    >@ >

    @V >. @ @

    >@ R >@ @

    >@ @@

    @ V.

    F> J @ @@

    @@, @>@ @-

    V, @V @,

    @@, .

    Fundamentos de unprograma de mejoraE @ -

    @ @>>@

    T >@,M@ S? & @

    @ >J@ W>@

    T >@

    >@ S@

    @>@ @ T. "@ S@ @

    @>: S V

    > @@@

    W>@ -@@.

    *>S S-

    V -

    > @@@ -

    T J V V

    >@ K@.

    "

    @>@ @@V

    V @T

    V S@. E @ ,

    @

    R (. @-

    V >) R -

    >@ S>. HJ

    @> @ -

    T.

    "@ @

    R @>@ 0 J

    1. + 0,4 40%

    V @ @ >@ @@

    V S J @@

    60% V >.

    M'S >@ @@- @ -

    ? E >, @

    @ >J@

    @, >J@ > -

    >@ >@ -T.

    0,1 @

    >@ >@ -

    @ @ V J

    R R> >@-

    P>@Q. E >@@ 0,7

    >@ @ -

    @ @@ >@ R

    @.

    " @ >@(@@)

    V V

    >@.

    >@ @

    T >J >@-

    @@ @ @-

    V S J . @ J @V

    @ .

    @

    >@ @- >S >@

    @. &@ @V

    @ @@

    @. D @ >@ S

    >@ @@ @: -

    @@ @- @ @

    @V S.

    J >@ @ @-> V -

    >@ K J T-

    () >@ >@

    (. @ >-

    ), @ >@>@ @ @

    : ) @

    >@ @ @>-

    @>

    @V ; ) @@

    (>) T -@ @-

    > () @ >@-

    ; ) @, @@

    @ >@; ) @

    J @ .

    D@ >@@ V >>@

    >@ @ @ @>

    @ > @ @@.

    >@ K@

    V > @ -@, K>@ >@@

    S K-@ >@@. &@ -

    >@ >@

    >R R J @

    @> @, @ @>V

    @@, >@ @

    @, @@ J

    @V -

    @ R@.& @>@

    -

    V @>

    @ I.

    Seleccin masal y

    futuro de la mejora

    gentica en apicultura" @ @>@@-@ (KR@

    @ J @ J

    @) J @ -

    @> -

    @ S

    >@ S . MCR

    @>? &

    >J@T @ >@-

    @ @@

  • 7/23/2019 2010 Mejora Abejas 2 El Colmenar

    6/8

    10

    @>@ @ @ @@ @-

    T >J @.

    *@@ >@ @

    , @@

    @T > R (>@ S >

    @ S), @ @@-

    @ >@ - @>@ J >R

    @ -

    V ." V > @-

    >@

    @ S@

    @

    @ R-@. ME S @?

    V

    @ @@ @-

    @ @

    @ @@. E@

    @@ @ @ >@ () T()

    >@ @@ (. @-

    @ J/@ @-

    V >) J K

    -

    V, >@ -

    K KR@>@ @@

    V, J T

    >.

    MCR @> @ @>@

    @@ @?" @ @>-

    @ @ -

    J V V -

    >@ . C@ >-

    @ > : @>@

    >@ 100 @>

    >@ @@

    >@ R

    (. @V >) J>@ P-

    V VQ 20%,

    @>@ 20

    @> >R @,

    R @>@ @-

    @. HJ @ >J >@,

    @ >J@ V

    V >J@

    @, @

    >S >J@ S

    S.

    " S S @>

    @

    U@ @

    > V. &@

    U@ V@ K @->, >@

    >@>@ > J

    V - @> ( )

    @@ >@.

    " @V >@@@

    @ . @-

    @ J @-

    @ @ @>

    J @ J >@ @

    @>@ @ KR@

    .

    E>@ @ @ -

    @@ @

    @V @ >-@ >@ S,

    @ @ @-

    @ @S

    , .

    @>@ >@ @ K

    @, @@, @ @

    L 98 -@ 2010

  • 7/23/2019 2010 Mejora Abejas 2 El Colmenar

    7/8

    12

    @@ @> >@ U@ @-

    > V.

    @ @O >S

    @ @>

    @ @ @> >@ J -

    V. AT >@.

    ConclusionesA T@

    @ J @S P@ @Q.

    F @ @ -

    U@ > J @@

    @ @ J @T>@

    K @ -: MJ@ @>@ @

    @ >@ >

    @>, S @ ?

    A >@@ >@@ @T-

    >@ @-

    >V:1. E@ U

    @ > @ @>. + >@ @

    S @

    >@ J " (2008) -

    @ AT@. + > T, @

    >@, @ @ :

    - &@V >.

    - A>V @:

    0 J 5.- *>>@:

    0 J 5.

    - ">K @@:

    0 J 5.2. *@> @ @

    @> @S.

    3. @ @ @ J R @ >@ @>-

    . @ -

    @ @V >

    >@ ,

    J K >@ R@ @> >R @-

    , @ -

    V @ >R @ -

    @ .

    4. >@ @

    >@ @>,@ J @

    . "

    @

    >.

    5. C@@ @> @> > J @

    >. I

    @@ @ >@-

    J @> @ @ @

    U@.

    6. @ @ @ R @ >@

    @@ J >-@ @ T

    .

    & >R @>V, @-

    >>@ @ T-@ PV @>Q,

    @ W>@ 74

    >> .

    [email protected] B ., . E, F.

    (2008). H@J B

    @ A I@@

    @ G E@ +B"+&. A> B @

    148: 739-742.- B ., F. &

    (1990). H @ - @@J H@J

    (A > ).

    A@@ 21: 175-183.

    . F@ . #., #. . C@ J

    F. C>@ (2004). V @>. E C@>

    74: 11-16.

    - >@ ., . " (2008).

    V J >@

    @> G@@

    #S@. AT@ 150:42-53.

    - " . H. H. . E.

    & . (1997). ' -

    .

    &. +A.- @, .C. (1964).

    B@ @

    @J. I.

    @ @ @

    @ B@ 12: 578-583.

    - @, .C. (1964).B@ @ -

    @J . I.

    @ @ F1 @ *@ F.

    (2001). " >@ S

    > > @ . A@

    @@S 50: 517-546.

    - @[email protected]

    Todos sabemos que en el caso de las abejas,controlar la genealog#a de las hembras es f!cil

    (sabemos qui"n es madre o hija de qui"n), perocontrolar la de los machos es bastante complica-do adem!s es necesario recurrir a la fecunda-

    ci$n artificial.

    L 98 -@ 2010

  • 7/23/2019 2010 Mejora Abejas 2 El Colmenar

    8/8

    13

    >@

    >@ -

    @ >@.

    I>>@ J >@

    K@ @ @ TJ >@ >@

    >@@ ,

    @ @ >@ >

    @ V @@

    @, , @@->@ @

    @ @@ @

    S@ V @

    @@. @>@

    > >J >@,J @>

    @ @ @ @

    R@ @@ @-

    @.

    >@ >-@ @@ V@

    @>

    R @@ S-

    @ J @ >-

    . @>@ -

    @ @ @ @ >@ @ -

    @ T, >@ @ @

    @ . &@ MS

    @ ?, > @ @

    >@, @@ ->@ @ @@ @

    T J -

    @ @. MCV>@ @>@

    T

    @ @?, @-

    K@ @>V @ @ @ @

    >@ @@ @

    @. I>>@ > @ @

    T >@ J >@ (2 ).

    E >@>@ >@

    @ @

    >@ @ @ @,

    @ R M >@ @-

    ?. > @>

    @ @K

    @>V @

    J @ @ @

    @. >S J >@ @ 20 . E >@>@

    >@ @@@ -

    @ @, >@ T

    @.A@ >@

    @ MR >@

    T @? K

    @@ @>-V (>@

    @@ @ >@ @J-@) @ @

    3 . DS

    V >@

    3 T

    V @ R >, @ @R @ >@@

    >.

    @@ V

    >@ @>@ @

    @ T @ -

    @, @ @ @ J@ @ >@ V.

    C@ @>@

    >@ @

    >

    > GE$*I-& = FE$*I&, J @

    @ K@ -

    V >@ K@

    (@ @ T)

    @ @@ @@ (@ @@

    @ @ @ @-).

    MCV>@ K@ -

    @> @>-@ ?

    +K@ >@ - >@

    > @@

    T >@

    >@ @ @-

    V >.

    1. C@>V

    @> @

    P@ RQ @

    @ @@.

    I> @>-V R J V@

    J @> @-

    V > @-

    > @ P@

    RQ. &@ >@ (. @

    T ) @@@

    >@ @>-

    @ @ P@ RQ @-

    . E @ @ U@ J

    P@ R-

    Q J @ >J@,

    @V >

    >@ -@ @ P -

    Q.

    2. +K V

    @ @. E >@

    @ @ @>-

    V, @ @V > J @@

    @V. "

    @ >J

    J R> >, @

    @ K @.3. C@>V

    @@ @

    P@ @ @@Q, -

    @ K J >R

    @ @

    @V @ @@> @@ -

    V. AT >>@

    @ @@ @ -

    > @ @.E >@ @>

    R P@ @

    @@Q -

    @ @V @-

    @>.

    Evaluaciones comparativas (Anexo I)

    L 98 -@ 2010