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�D^<0 ��!� 1393� �\QC 49 - 6 Clayton, C. R. I.; Matthews, M. C.; Simons, N. E., 1995, Site Investigation, 2nd ed.: Halstead Press, New York, 424 p. The online version, available at http://www.geotechnique.info Dahmarde Behrooz, R., Esmaili- Sari, A., Bahramifar, N., Kaskaoutis, D.G., 2017, “Analysis of the TSP, PM10 concentrations and water-soluble ionic species in airborne samples over Sistan, Iran during the summer dusty period”. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 8, 3, 403-4017 Folegatti; M. V., Camponez do Brasil; R. P. Favaro Blanco, F. (2001). “Sampling equipment for soil bulk density determination tested in a kandiudalfic eutrudox and a typic hapludox1”. Scientia Agricola, 58, 4, 833-838, Khamar, G.A., Kiani, A., Shahverdi, D., (2014). “Assessment and study about the effect of Sistan 120 – day wind on urban design in Zabol”. International Journal of Advanced Scientific and Technical research, vol 2(4): 159- 172 Li, F. R., Zhang, H., Zhang, T. H., Shirato, Y., (2003). Variation of sand transportation rates in sandy grasslands along a desertification gradient in northern China”. Catena. 53, 255-272 Miri, A., Piri, J., Kisi, O., (2017).” Spatial monitoring and zoning water quality of Sistan River in the wet and dry years using GIS and geostatistics” volume 135, 38-50 Motallebian, M, Hassanpour, F, (2013). “A Study of The Locus of The Erosion and Sedimentation in Sistan River Using HEC-RAS Model”. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4(10): 1377- 1386 Neelu Das, Binu Sarma, Shashikant Singh, Bidyut Bikash Sutradhar4, (2013). “ Comparison In Undrained Shear Strength Between Low And High Liquid Limit Soils”, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Negaresh, H, Jadid Aleslami, M (2013). “ Determining the Origin of Aeolian Sediments of Chah Nimeh4 Located at the Sistan Plain, Iran”, Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences 5(9): 516-524, Sheikhali Pour, Z., Hassan Pour, F., Azimi, V.(2015)," Comparison of artificial intelligence methods in estimation of suspended sediment load (Case Study: Sistan River)", J. of Water and Soil Conservation, Vol. 22(2),41- 60 Tsoar, H., White, B., Berman, E.(1996)." The effect of slopes on sand transport - numerical modeling", Landscape and Urban Planning, 34, 171- 181 Yokoi, H. (1968). "Relationship between soil cohesion and shear strength", Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Vol. 14(3): 89-

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------------ ---------------------- - - ------------------- Journal of Natural Environmental Hazards, Vol.08, Issue 19, Spring 2019

Effect of soil characteristics and wind erosion on hydraulic structures of Sistan River

Hamid Reza Soloki*1, Farzane Noori Nahad2

Received: 29-10-2017 Accepted: 21-06-2018

Abstract Sistan River is one of the main rivers in Sistan plain which has the various hydraulic structure built upon it. Parts of the river and its structures have been influenced by the entrance of sediments into the river’s bed which are due to several reasons such as drought, extreme wind, and transportation of fine sediments. The research regions included the water entrance to Chahnime, Kohak dam, Zahak Dam, Sistan Dam, and Nohrab Bridge. In the first stage, the direction of the river in respect to dominant wind and the condition of shores facing wind are studied, and the natural and artificial obstacles, such as vegetation, natural heights, and buildings, which were in the path of the wind, were determined. In the second stage, soil texture, dry unit weight and soil coherence of shores facing wind were measured. Based on the research, the Sistan River direction was parallel, oblique, and perpendicular in respect to the dominant wind direction. The soil texture was mainly silty clay with gravel, loam, and loamy sand. However, the soil texture changed at the riversides to loam and silty loam. The liquid limit of the studied soils was lower than 25 with little soil coherence. The undrained shear strength of surface soils within the path of the river and its shores were determined less than 30 kPa. Also, the range of dry unit weight of soil in the studied area is between 1.2gr/cmᶾ to 1.3gr/cmʒ and its vegetation indicated vegetation was lower than 20% near the engineering structures. The results of this study indicate that the, Kohak dam, the Sistan dam, and Nohrab bridge, have the most impact on erosion and transport of wind sediments.

Keywords: wind erosion, hydraulic structures, undrained shear strength.

1*- Assistant Professor of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran Email: [email protected] 2- Graduated in Engineering Geology from Islamic Azad University, Zahedan Branch