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FZA\TNP ZF\F ^KF NZHPTNEACAGHF X ENTADACAGHFDN CFP @HNK@HFP DN CF PFC^D6

Z\AI+ D\+ BA\GN ND^F\DA KA\Aka|aba|J`flcnknt+`ae+f|

@AK@NZTAP LFPH@AP2 @FEZA PNEFKTH@A DN CFP @HNK@HFP DN CF PFC^D

Cf tf|nf v~n kap npzn|f np t|flfbf| nk `hn|tf yhphk nzhptneacgh`f dn cf z|ainphk dn cappfln|np# dn cf entadacagf dn cf hkynpthgf`hk nk pfc~d# `aenk`neap z|alcnefthrfkdacap tnefp efp alyhap# fv~nccap tnefp v~n pak z|azhap dn nptf ch`nk`hft~|f dn p~ `fezapnekth`a# np dn`h| dn cap t|ehkap cfp zfcfl|fp v~n i|n`~nktnenktn ~pfeap a dfdap za|pal|nnktnkdhdap+ @~fkda ~ka t|flfbf `ak hkgnkhn|ap a `ak da`nktnp a `ak `aktfda|np af|v~htn`tap nc ~khyn|pa dn phgkhih`fda# cap elhtap dn t|flfba# cap eathyap dn cf |nicnxhk dn cf hkynpthgf`hk pak at|ap# `ak `fdf ~ka dn npap f`ta|np# c~gf|np dn z|ainphk dnt|flfba of ~kf efkn|f dn fla|df| cfp tf|nfp# cap v~nof`n|np# nc e~kda+ Pn p~zakn v~n f

cap da`nktnp pn cap nk`~nkt|f nk cfp np`~ncfp t|ftfkda `ak cfp ifehchfp= f cap `aktfda|npnk cfp nez|npfp a nk p~p npt~dhap ftnkdhnkda f p~p `chnktnp= a f cap hkgnkhn|ap nk cfpil|h`fp yhk`~cfdap `ak p~p z|an`tap+

@~fkda fla|dfeap cf NZHPTNEACAGHF# CF IHCAPAIHF DN CF @HNK@HF X CF ENTADACAGHF DNCF HKYNPTHGF@HAK nk nc elhta dn cf NKIN\EN\HF a cfp @HNK@HFP DN CF PFC^D kapnk`akt|feap `ak ~k thza dn zn|pakfp# `ak p~p dn`hphaknp ya`f`haknp# z|ainphakfcnp cfla|fcnp# `ak p~ nxzn|hnk`hf /e~`of a za`f# kayftap a nxzn|tap(# `ak p~p gnag|fifpoflht~fcnp /oapzhtfcnp# pfkfta|hap# `ckh`fp# `nkt|a dn pfc~d( `ak fv~nccap f v~hnknpfthnkdnk2 nkin|eap# zf`hnktnp# gnktn fv~nbfdf za| ~kf dacnk`hf# ft|fynpfdap za| ncp~i|hehnkta# cf ndfd# nc daca|+

Pn t|ftf# nk p~ef# dn fpa`hf|kap nk nc ehpea cnkg~fbn v~n ~thchrfk /`feza pnekth`a#`dhga npzn`ih`a( zf|f v~n ka oflcneap dnpdn ~k c~gf| kn~t|fc# phka dnpdn ~k c~gf|`cf|fenktn pht~fda `aez|aenthda+

6+ PFC^D

Nc pn| o~efka `akptht~n ~kf ~khdfd lha%zph`a%npzh|ht~fc%pa`hfc `aea tfc i~k`hakf `aea~khdfd dn tfc efkn|f v~n tada ca v~n np of`n nk `fdf ~kf dn p~p dhenkphaknp`akptht~thyf |nzn|`~tn nk nc |npta dn p~ pn|+ Cfp `akdh`haknp iph`fp /`~n|za( |nz|npnktfk cfzf|tn eftn|hfc zn|a f t|fyp dn p~ `~n|za# dn p~ `akihg~|f`hk /tfccf# znpa# z|npnk`hf#

6Nptn eftn|hfc ia|ef zf|tn dn cap ed~cap dn t|flfba dn cf `f||n|f dn Ch`nk`hft~|f nk Nkin|en|hf+

^khyn|phdfd dn Cfkp+ P~lpndn Pfk Kh`acp+

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p~ `k`n|# f t|fyp dn cf `akp~ctf dn cap dhyn|pap edh`ap npzn`hfchptfp+ On fv~ ~kf l|nyn|nin|nk`hf2

Fp nc efkapna `akthk~flf+ ^k nkin|ea np fcg~hnk v~n thnkn v~n f`nztf| zfphyfenktn pn|dn|hyfda+ Za|v~n nc pn| dn cap edh`ap# fv~ncca v~n nk k~npt|a thneza hkptht~xn cf `akdh`hk

edh`f# np cf npzn`hfchrf`hk+ K~k`f nc zf`hnktn np ~kf tatfchdfd# phnez|n ca zf|`hfchrfk# cadnp%npt|~`t~|fk# ca i|fgenktfk+ T|fpcfdfk fc nkin|ea cf z|azhf i|fgenktf`hk v~n f||fpt|f~kf dhp`hzchkf v~n kf`h fc `fca| dn cf pflhd~|f x dnc `aka`hehnkta tatfchrfda| dnc fcefo~efkf+ Fp cfp `apfp# cf npzn`hfchrf`hk i~kdfenktf nc hk`npfktn f`ta dn cf dn|hyf`hk+ Xap ofptf fv~# efp fcc pflnk at|ap+ Np dn`h|2 yn|k at|ap+ Ka xa+ Eh pflhd~|f `akphptn nkdn|hyf| lhnk /(

0+ E^N\TN

Cf e~n|tn np nc ihk kft~|fc n hknyhtflcn# v~n kap npzn|f hkdnin`thlcnenktn fc ihkfc dnc

`fehka+ Cf e~n|tn `n|`fkf a cnbfkf np cf kh`f `n|tnrf `ak cf v~n kf`neap+ Phknelf|ga# nc oael|n ka yhyn gnkn|fcenktn `ak cf `ak`hnk`hf zn|efknktn f`n|`f dn cfe~n|tn+ Cf e~n|tn np ~kf zaphlhchdfd `hn|tf zn|a npt|ftgh`fenktn nc~dhdf+ Nc oael|n np~k pn| dhkeh`a v~n yhyn `|nn nk p ehpea# nk p~ z|azhf i~n|rf nk p~ z|azhf yhdf+ Phknelf|ga# nc nk`~nkt|a `ak cf e~n|tn `ak`|ntf z~ndn of`n| tfelfcnf| nptf f`tht~d dncoael|n+ Nc znpa dn cf |nfchdfd dn cf e~n|tn z~ndn pn| ep i~n|tn v~n nc dn cf `ak`hnk`hff`n|`f dn p~ nxhptnk`hf+ Tfc ynr pnf za| npa v~n cf e~n|tn fzf|n`n a`~ctf# papcffdf2pflneap v~n npt# zn|a np z|nin|hlcn ka kael|f|cf+

Cf yhphk pa|z|nkdnktn dnc oael|n v~n ofptf of`n za`ap hkptfktnp nptflf `ak yhdf#|npzh|flf pnktf# v~n |nznkthkfenktn dnbf dn |npzh|f|# z~ndn pf`~dh| fc oael|n npt|nen`n|ca `ak nc znkpfehnkta dn v~n ,nc oael|n ka yfcn kfdf,# ,v~n ka yfcn cf znkf

npia|rf|pn,# ,zf|f v~ c~`of|,+ Nptn nk`~nkt|a `ak cf e~n|tn z|aya`f ~k pnkthehnkta dndnp`akp~nca# dnpa|hnktf`hk# znphehpea# v~n z~ndn akd~`h| f znkpfehnktap hkdhyhd~fcnp pa`hfcnp zn|b~dh`hfcnp+ Nk nc eaenkta dn p~ e~n|tn# nc oael|n yn f cf yhdf `aea ~kfpn|hn dn eaenktap zfpfbn|ap# f cf e~n|tn `aea nc inkenka zn|efknktn+ Ehnkt|fpyhyn# nc oael|n dnln nki|nktf|pn f cf |ncf`hk nkt|n ca tneza|fc ca zn|efknktn+ Cfe~n|tn nki|nktf fc oael|n `ak nc `akich`ta nkt|n cf tneza|fchdfd cf zn|efknk`hf+ Nknptf |ncf`hk |fdh`f nc pn`|nta dn cf nxhptnk`hf+ Cf yhdf dnc oael|n pn `f|f`tn|hrf za| cflpv~ndf dn fcga d~|fdn|a# fcga v~n zn|efknr`f f ca cf|ga dn tadap cap `felhap t|fkph`haknp+ Nk ncca `akphptn cf lpv~ndf dnc pnkthda dn cf nxhptnk`hf o~efkf# Fccfzf|n`nk cap dhyn|pap dhp`~|pap dn cfp |nchghaknp dn cfp `|nnk`hfp v~n t|ftfk dn ccnkf| ncyf`a v~n z|aya`f nc ihkfc dn cf yhdf a cf z|npnk`hf dnc ep fcc+ Pal|n nptap tnefp# ncznkpfehnkta cf |frk pca z~ndn `fccf|2 taef cf zfcfl|f cf in# `akihfkrf dnzaphtfdf nk|ncftap v~n p~|gnk dn cf `|nnk`hf nk Dhap+ V~hnknp ka `|nnk# v~hnknp khngfk f Dhap#p~zaknk v~n `ak cf e~n|tn tada ihkfchrf# v~n cf yhdf tn|ehkf nk cf kfdf dn pn|+ @ak cfe~n|tn# e~n|n cf zn|pakf f~kv~n z~ndf za| |fraknp aktacgh`fp % pal|nyhyh| nc fcef#ka of pal|n%yhdf dn cf zn|pakf+ Pak cfp |nchghaknp cfp v~n z|aentnk at|f yhdf2t|fpehg|f`hk# yhdf dnpz~p dn cf e~n|tn /za|v~n nc `~n|za ka thnkn yfca|(# |np~||n``hk+

/:6( F~kv~n cap pn|np o~efkap kap zadneap ea|h| nk `~fcv~hn| `h|`~kptfk`hf# eaenkta ac~gf|# of phthap thnezap nk cap v~n cf e~n|tn f`fn`n `ak ep i|n`~nk`hf+ Cap oapzhtfcnp#cap pfkfta|hap# cfp `ckh`fp# cfp pfcfp dn z|hen|ap f~xhchap# cfp pfcfp dn azn|f`haknp# cfp~khdfdnp dn `~hdfdap hktnkphyap# cfp `fehccfp# cfp fel~cfk`hfp+ Cf e~n|tn npt epfpa`hfdf `ak cf pht~f`hk dn nkin|endfd# `ak z|ainphakfcnp v~n fphptnk f cap nkin|eap# f

cap ea|hl~kdap# f cap v~n e~n|nk+ Nk nptap c~gf|np cf e~n|tn np ~k yhphtfktn eacnpta zn|efknktn# v~n `ak`~||n phk hkyhtf`haknp# kh z|ata`acap+ Dn fcg~kf efkn|f cf e~n|tn pn

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z~ndn t|fkpia|ef| nk fcga `athdhfka# `fph ka|efc# v~n f`apt~el|f f ka pa|z|nkdn f capf`ta|np v~n `h|`~cfk f p~ fc|ndnda|+

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zn|pakf2 `aea hkdhyhd~a pn z|npnktf `ak `f|f`tn|np kh`a n h||nznthlcnp v~n ca dhin|nk`hfkdn `~fcv~hn| at|a pn| pnenbfktn cn ata|gfk hdnkthdfd# `aea zn|pakf pn `akptht~n nk~k p~bnta `ak hktn|ha|hdfd |npzakpflhchdfd+

Nptf yhdf o~efkf i~k`hakf `aea ~k dn|n`oa hkfchnkflcn v~n of phda `akv~hptfda zn|in``hakfda f ca cf|ga dn cf ohpta|hf2 nc dn|n`oa f cf yhdf `aea kf`hehnkta# nc dn|n`oa fefktnkn| cf yhdf `aea fdn`~fda z|a`npa dn `|n`hehnkta dnpf||acca# nc `~hdfda dn cfyhdf i|nktn f cfp fg|nphaknp nxtn|kfp /pa`hndfd# at|ap hkdhyhd~ap( n hktn|kfp/nkin|endfdnp(# cf `akpt|~``hk dn ~kf yhdf dhgkf /`fchdfd dn yhdf(# nc dnpnkyacyhehnkta`|akacgh`a f ca cf|ga dn cfp dhyn|pfp ntfzfp dn cf nxhptnk`hf # ihkfcenktn# cf zaphlhchdfddn ~kf e~n|tn dhgkf+

Dn fcg~kf efkn|f# pak |npzakpflcnp cap zfd|np /fc z|a`|nf|(# cf pa`hndfd /fc z|atngn|(# capefnpt|ap cfp np`~ncfp /fc nd~`f|(# cap edh`ap cap pn|yh`hap dn pfc~d /fc z|nynkh| `~|f|(# nc nptfda /fc gf|fkthrf| cf `akyhynk`hf nk cf `ae~khdfd(# ~ka ehpea /fc dnihkh| ~kz|an`ta dn yhdf nk`akt|f| cf ia|ef dn yhyh| dhgkfenktn(+

>+ ENDH@HKF X NKIN\EN\HF2 Z\AINPHAKFCNP X FGNKTNP DN CF PFC^D

\nfc F`fdnehf Npzfacf dnihkn cf Endh`hkf `aea @hnk`hf x f|tn dn z|n`fyn| x `~|f| cfpnkin|endfdnp dnc `~n|za o~efka+ Ka thnkn pnkthda zcfktnf|pn cf endh`hkf `aea ~kdhcnef nkt|n `hnk`hf f|tn# zn|a z~ndn hktn|z|ntf|pn `aea ~kf tn`kacagf# ~p~f|hf dnc`aka`hehnkta `hnktih`a+ Dn`h| v~n cf endh`hkf dnln pn| `hnktih`f np cf `fchih`f`hk ep`a||n`tf np `hnktih`f fv~nccf dhp`hzchkf v~n paentn p~p zapt~cfdap fc etada `hnktih`a#f ~k z|a`npa dn yn|hih`f`hk nez|h`f# np dn`h|# lfpfda nk cap on`oap a z|~nlfp# np|nz|ad~`hlcn# f~kv~n hkdnznkdhnktn dnc ~pa v~n pn z~ndf of`n| zaptn|ha|enktn dn p~p`ak`c~phaknp+

Cap v~n dnihnkdnk v~n cf endh`hkf np ~kf @HNK@HF fih|efk v~n phg~n nc etada `hnktih`a#np dn`h|# pn alpn|yf ~k inkenka# pn |nfchrfk ~kf pn|hn dn `akbnt~|fp a ohztnphp f`n|`fdnc ehpea pn dne~npt|f ca v~n pn ohzatnthrf endhfktn nxzn|henktap npt~dhap |hg~|apapv~n `~ezcnk cap z|hk`hzhap lph`ap dn albnthyhdfd |nz|ad~`hlhchdfd# nkt|n at|ap+ V~hnknpdnihnkdnk v~n np ~kf TN@KACAGHF fih|efk v~n pn yfcn dn cf @hnk`hf zf|f zadn| ccnyf| f`fla p~ `aenthda# dn efkn|f v~n pn fzaf nk ~kf pn|hn dn `hnk`hfp# hkynpthgf`haknp `aka`hehnktap v~n pn fzch`fk nk cf z|`th`f dhf|hf zf|f `~ezch| p~ tf|nf+

Ph lhnk nk nc a|hgnk dn cf ENDH@HKF npt cf `hnk`hf# ka tadap cap v~n nbn|`nk cf endh`hkfpak `hnktih`ap# hkynpthgfda|np# oael|np dn `hnk`hf# phka tn`kcagap v~n pflnk fzch`f|`|htn|hapfenktn nk `fdf zf`hnk`hf a nkin|ea# nk `fdf pht~f`hk ~ a|gfkhpea cap`aka`hehnktap v~n fcg~kap hkynpthgfk /phk hktn|ynkh| nk cf `~|f dn cap nkin|eap(+ Za| npapn of`n ~kf dhpthk`hk nkt|n nc edh`a v~n hkynpthgf nc v~n ccnyf f `fla ca v~n pn ofhkynpthgfda# fzch`f cap `aka`hehnktap `hnktih`ap# dn eada v~n cf z|`th`f edh`f dhf|hf kanp @hnk`hf# phka Tn`kacagf+

Cf enba| endh`hkf# cf enba| z|`th`f edh`f `akphptn nk nc ~pa `akp`hnktn# nxzc`hta b~h`hapa dn cfp enba|np z|~nlfp dhpzakhlcnp nk cf taef dn dn`hphaknp pal|n cf ftnk`hkhktng|fc dn `fdf zf`hnktn+ Nc ia`a np nc zf`hnktn# ka pca p~ nkin|endfd a z|a`npa# za| cav~n dnpdn cf |nfchrf`hk dn ~k dhfgkpth`a nin`thya nih`hnktn# ofptf cf ncn``hk dn cfenba| az`hk tn|fz~th`f# np z|n`hpa hdnkthih`f| `akphdn|f| p~p dn|n`oap# p~p z|hk`hzhap p~p z|nin|nk`hfp+

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Cf z|`th`f `ckh`f# cf z|npnk`hf dnc edh`a nk p~p dhyn|pap np`nkf|hap dn hktn|ynk`hk# ka|nz|npnktf ~kf hktn|z|ntf`hk f~taeth`f dn z|np`|hz`haknp# |n`ntfp a fzch`f`hk dn ~kefk~fc dn hkpt|~``haknp# phka v~n p~zakn taef| dn`hphaknp `akptfktnenktn f zf|th| dncap pfln|np p~lbnthyfda f t|fyp dnc npt~dha dn cf nxzn|hnk`hf %# df| `akpnbap of`n||n`aenkdf`haknp# `ak `akynk`hehnkta# zn|a |f|fp yn`np `ak flpac~tf `n|tnrf= `akyhyn fdhf|ha `|htn|hapfenktn `ak cf hk`n|thd~el|n+ X v~ a`~||n `ak cap `aka`hehnktapfdv~h|hdap d~|fktn cf ia|ef`hk ~khyn|phtf|hf1 Ka pca p~ yhgnk`hf# phka tfelhk cf dn cfhkia|ef`hk `aktnkhdf nk cap chl|ap dn tnxta# pak `~npthakflcnp fc `fla dn ~k thneza# fv~n cf `fkthdfd cf `fchdfd dn z~lch`f`haknp i~nktnp dn hkia|ef`hk thnknk ~k`|n`hehnkta zn|efknktn= nc thneza# cap `aka`hehnktap endhap zf|f ca`fchrf|# cnn|#hktn|z|ntf| fphehcf| ca z~lch`fda ka pak p~ih`hnktnp /~k edh`a dnln|f cnn| fc|ndnda| dnynhktn tnxtap a f|t`~cap dhf|hap tadap cap dfp dnc fa(+

Zf|f v~n ~k edh`a pnf ~k z|ainphakfc dn z|hen|f cknf pn |nv~hn|n nxzn|hnk`hf `ckh`f# fcg~kfp oflhchdfdnp v~n zn|ehtfk |nfchrf| lpv~ndfp lhlchag|ih`fp fzch`f| |ngcfpia|efcnp zf|f nyfc~f| cf chtn|ft~|f# `ak nc albnthya dn fi|aktf| nc dnpfia dn k~npt|f

f`t~fchrf`hk z|ainphakfc# |npacyn| cfp d~dfp n hktn||agfktnp v~n pn kap zcfktnfk+ Pnt|ftf dn fdfztf| cf z|`th`f `ckh`f fc nptfda dnc f|tn# fzch`fkda cap |np~ctfdap dnc`aka`hehnkta# altnkhdap f t|fyp dn ~kf hkynpthgf`hk phptneth`f+ Dn v~ pn a`~zf nptnthza dn z|ainphakfc1 /6( ofccfrgap `ckh`ap2 `ea |n`agn| n hktn|z|ntf| ofccfrgap f zf|th| dncf ohpta|hf `ckh`f nxzca|f`hk iph`f= /(z|akpth`a2 `ea `fc`~cf| cf z|alflcn nyac~`hk `ckh`f dn ~k zf`hnktn# fkth`hzf| cfpzaphlcnp `aezch`f`haknp dn p~ nkin|endfd= /9( t|ftfehnkta2 `ea ncngh| cap t|ftfehnktapv~n z|ad~`nk efa|np lnknih`hap png~|hdfd= /7( z|nynk`hk2 `ea |nd~`h| cf zaphlhchdfddn v~n pn z|ad~r`fk nkin|endfdnp# hdnkthih`fkda eadhih`fkda if`ta|np dn |hnpga+

Cf Endh`hkf nk gnkn|fc cap fgnktnp dn pfc~d % thnknk cf phkg~cf|hdfd dn t|ftf| zf`hnktnp#nkin|eap# ka nkin|endfdnp kh z|alcnefp dn pfc~d= v~n `~fkda ccngf ~k zf`hnktn# `~nktfk`ak phgkap /ca v~n pn z~ndnk albnthyf| `ak nc hkpt|~enktfc edh`a dhpzakhlcn( cappktaefp /ca v~n nc edh`a alpn|yf nc zf`hnktn phnktn# zn|`hln t|ftf dn nxzch`f| fcedh`a(+ ^kf zf|tn albnthyf at|f p~lbnthyf+ @fdf zf`hnktn np kh`a# phnktn p~p dacnk`hfpf p~ efkn|f pf np zf|tn dn cf lnccnrf dn cf z|ainphk2 nezfthrf|# `aez|nkdn|#t|fkv~hchrf|# hkynpthgf| v~ a`~||n# dnpdn `~kda# `ea cn a`~||n# f v~ pn z~ndn dnln|#`ea pn z~ndn `~|f|+

Ph cf endh`hkf t|flfbf taefkda `aea nbn nc f|tn dn `~|f|# cf nkin|en|f t|flfbf `ak nc

f|tn dn `~hdf|+ Ka lfptf `~|f| fc nkin|ea# np kn`npf|ha `~hdf|ca zn|a ka pacfenktn`ak nc `~hdfda pn cag|f cf |n`~zn|f`hk dn cf nkin|endfd+ Nc `~hdfda np ~kf `akdh`hkkn`npf|hf zn|a ka np ~kf `akdh`hk p~ih`hnktn+ Za| npa# pak |nv~n|hdap tfktap cap edh`ap`aea cap nkin|en|ap nk cf ftnk`hk dn cap nkin|eap dn cfp nkin|endfdnp+ Ka pn t|ftf dnz|ainphaknp dn dhyn|pa |fkga# phka dn npzn`hfchdfdnp dhin|nktnp2 ka of p~la|dhkf`hk# phka`aezcnenktf|hndfd# ep fcc dn cf |npzakpflhchdfd v~n z~ndf `a||npzakdn| nk `fdf `fpa f ~kap f at|ap nk cf ftnk`hk |n`~zn|f`hk dn cap nkin|eap# v~n kn`nphtnk v~n `~|nk v~n ca `~hdnk+

Nc hdnfc nc yfca| dnc `~hdfda ka pak phezcnenktn `apfp p~nctfp# phka ~k z~kta dn hkh`ha dnc`aktf`ta `ak nc zf`hnktn# ~k nptfdha+ Nxhgn ~kf f`tht~d v~n dnln ta|kf|pn nk ~k dnpna# nk~kf hktnk`hk# nk ~k `aez|aehpa nk ~k b~h`ha `akp`hnktn v~n pn efkhihnptf nk f`tap

`ak`|ntap+ Nc `~hdfda o~efka pn t|fkpia|ef fp nk ~k hdnfc ea|fc+

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@~hdf| hezch`f `aka`n| f `fdf zf`hnktn# hktn|npf|pn za| c+ Hktn|npf|pn hezch`f#zf|fdbh`fenktn# dnphktn|npf|pn dn ~ka ehpea# fcga dhi`hc+ Hktn|npf|pn p~zakn nkt|f|dnkt|a dnc pn|# nk nptn `fpa dnkt|a dnc zf`hnktn# tnkn| ~k `aka`hehnkta z|azha dn `fdf~ka# ~k df|pn `~nktf dn p~p f`tht~dnp# fztht~dnp# hktn|npnp eathyf`haknp fdnep dn p~p`aka`hehnktap= |nv~hn|n p~ efkhinptf`hk `aea zn|pakf kh`f# f~tkth`f# `fzfr dn gnkn|f|

`akihfkrf# pn|nkhdfd# png~|hdfd fzaa nin`thya+ Npta nxhgn nktak`np ~k npi~n|ra dnftnk`hk# ~kf `ak`nkt|f`hk v~n f yn`np fgatf ep v~n nc npi~n|ra iph`a+ Zn|a nc v~n ca`akphg~n pn |n`|nf nk npn b~nga dn g|fk lnccnrf# v~n ph pn pfln zn|`hlh|# `akphptn nk h|dnp`~l|hnkda# za`a f za`a# ~k pn| `~f |hv~nrf dn efth`np# k~k`f pn f`flf dn `aka`n| dnctada+ Cfp `akdh`haknp kn`npf|hfp p~ih`hnktnp zf|f v~n pn d nc `~hdfda hk`c~nk2 /6(@ak`hnk`hf `aka`hehnkta pal|n cf z|azhf kn`nphdfd dn `~hdfda+ /

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v~n fp z~ndfk zfpf| f ia|ef| zf|tn dn cf `hnk`hf zlch`f dn p~ za`f+ Cf hkynpthgf`hk`hnktih`f v~n pn |nfchrf nk nptap cfla|fta|hap zf|n`n tnkn| `aea ~ka dn p~p ihknp cfz|ad~``hk dn `aka`hehnkta lph`a p~p`nzthlcn dn z~lch`f|pn# v~n npt dnpthkfda ff~enktf| cf `aez|nkphk# nxzch`f`hk z|ndh``hk dn nynktap inkenkap+ Zn|a ptn nptfk pca ~ka dn p~p z|azphtap# f v~n oa nk df pn zn|phg~nk tfktfp entfp `ak cfhkynpthgf`hk `hnktih`f2 nk nin`ta# cf hkynpthgf`hk v~n pn |nfchrf nk cap cfla|fta|hap`hnktih`ap tfelhk npt a|hnktfdf f cf ncfla|f`hk dn `aka`hehnkta z|`th`a nk`fehkfda fp~ fzch`f`hk tn`kacgh`f# hk`c~pa `~fkda nptn `aka`hehnkta z|a`ndn dn cf hkynpthgf`hklph`f ~khyn|phtf|hf# v~n e~`ofp yn`np np npt|ftgh`f a dh|hghdf+

Cf efa|f thnkn ~kf hefgnk dn v~n cf `hnk`hf hezch`f pn|hnp f`~e~cfthyfp dn,dnp`~l|hehnktap, nk cap `~fcnp cap ,on`oap, pak altnkhdap za| `hnktih`ap hkdhyhd~fcnp v~ncap `ae~kh`fk nk ~k cnkg~fbn v~n |nv~hn|n e~ za`f f|g~enktf`hk+ Phk nelf|ga# capohpta|hfda|np cap pa`hcagap dn cf `hnk`hf kap ofk on`oa ep `akp`hnktnp dn dap fpzn`tapv~n np z|n`hpa `akphdn|f|= za| ~kf zf|tn# cf f`thyhdfd `hnktih`f np ~kf f`thyhdfd dn pn|npo~efkap # za| at|f# cf efa|f dn cfp k~nyfp hdnfp `hnktih`fp zfpfk za| ~k nptfdha nk v~n

thnknk ~k `f|`tn| ,dn z|~nlf,# z|ayhphakfc# `aktnk`hapa# c~nga dn ~k z|a`npa ep aenkap cf|ga nk cf `ae~khdfd `hnktih`f# gfkfk ~kf fezchf f`nztf`hk pn `akyhn|tnk nkzf|tn dnc ,`aka`hehnkta zlch`a, a ,dnp`~l|hehnkta,+

Nc cnkg~fbn dn ~k `hnktih`a# nktak`np# nk nc hkh`ha dn p~ znkpfehnkta np phnez|n zn|pakfc#fkfcgh`a a entfi|h`a# z|ayhphakfc# npzn`~cfthya# `ak |npn|yfp# f~kv~n npta pnf ~kfzadn|apf npt|ftnghf dn zn|p~fphk+ @a||npzakdn|f# nktak`np# f ~kf `ak`nz`hk dnccnkg~fbn nk tfkta phptnef hktn|z|ntfthya+ Nk `felha# ep tf|dn# `~fkda pn nptflcn`n ~k`~n|za dn `aka`hehnktap# cfp zfcfl|fp `akptht~nk nthv~ntfp zf|f `apfp dnihkhdfp= nccnkg~fbn ph|yn `aea phptnef dn nthv~ntfbn zf|f dnp`|hlh|# df| `~nktf n hkia|ef|= ptnzf|n`n pn| ep dh|n`ta chtn|fc# dnihkhda z|n`hpa+ Za| npa nc cnkg~fbn dn cfp `hnk hfpnxhgn ~kf hkh`hf`hk /npt~dha( nk p~ `dhga v~n thnkn tfktf dhih`~ctfd `aea nc `aktnkhda

ehpea# np dn`h| ca dnphgkfda+ Ph ka nktnkdneap nc cnkg~fbn dn cf `hnk`hf# ph ka pflneapv~ v~hn|nk dn`h| `ak `fdf t|ehka# cf zaphlhchdfd dn `aez|nkphk np k~cf+ Ph za| nc`akt|f|ha daehkfeap nc a|dnk dnc dhp`~|pa nptflcn`hda np zaphlcn v~n kap |np~ctn efpf``nphlcn `aez|nkdn| cap tnefp v~n pn fla|dfk+

Cap `hnktih`ap f|g~enktfk pak ep |hg~|apap v~n at|ap f|g~enktfda|np+ Cf `hnk`hf np~kf nez|npf katflcnenktn nxhtapf# zn|a cf f|g~enktf`hk np `nkt|fc nk p~ xhta= dn fv~v~n cf `hnk`hf pnf |nt|h`f+ Phk nelf|ga# cf gnktn p~zakn v~n np e~ dhin|nktn f|g~enktf|nk `hnk`hf v~n f|g~enktf| nk zacth`f# |nchghk# `|th`f chtn|f|hf a knga`hap v~n pn|f ~kflcfpinehf oflcf| dn ~kf |nt|h`f dn cf `hnk`hf+ @hnk`hf |nt|h`f pak dap zfcfl|fp v~n ofktnkhda ~kf t|fn`ta|hf dhin|nktn dnpdn nc Phgca dn cfp C~`np2 cf `hnk`hf np nc npt~dha dn cf

kft~|fcnrf z|`th`f dn `akpt|~h| nc `aka`hehnkta f`n|`f dn cf ehpef kft~|fcnrf+ Cf|nt|h`f dn cf `hnk`hf np# z~np# nc npt~dha dn `ea cap `hnktih`ap zn|p~fdnk dhp~fdnk fat|ap f`n|`f dn cf kft~|fcnrf+ Ka alptfktn# nc dnpf||acca dnc fkchphp |nt|h`a dh|hghda fcdhp`~|pa hnktih`a np ~k inkenka |n`hnktn+

Nxhptnk dap thzap dn al|fp efnpt|fp |nt|h`fp nk `hnk`hf2 fv~nccfp `ak zadn| p~ih`hnktn zf|fz|aya`f| ~kf |nyac~`hk fv~nccfp dn hkgnkha p~ih`hnktn zf|f nyhtf|ca+ Cf |nt|h`f dn cf`hnk`hf thnkn `aea albnthya ,dnp`~l|h| cap en`fkhpeap dn zn|p~fphk,# np dn`h|# |n`akpt|~h|cap endhap za| cap `~fcnp cap `hnktih`ap pn `akynk`nk f p ehpeap f at|ap v~n p~pf|g~enktap pak yn|dfdnp ~khyn|pfcnp+ Zf|f cf |nt|h`f dn cf `hnk`hf# khkgk |fpga dn captnxtap `hnktih`ap npt nxnkta dn ~kf nxzch`f`hk |nt|h`f+ Cap `hnktih`ap alpn|yfk `apfpnk nc e~kda |nfc# cfp dnp`|hlnk cfp nxzch`fk nk ia|ef z|n`hpf+ F`~e~cfk on`oap

fyfkrfkda of`hf cf yn|dfd ihkfc+ Cap `hnktih`ap dhl~bfk ~kf pn|hn dn efzfp zf|f ~ktn||nka f``hdnktfda `felhfktn nk ia|ef zn|hdh`f# v~n ka npt ~lh`fda nk nc 'e~kda

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|nfc' dn cf nxzn|hnk`hf `aek# zn|a npt `akn`tfda f c dn cf efkn|f nk v~n cap `hnktih`apca dntn|ehknk+ Nptn tn||nka kn`nphtf etadap npzn`hfchrfdap zf|f alpn|yf|# dnp`|hlh| anxzch`f|+ @fdf efzf pn fb~ptf f cf yhphk dn cap v~n ca `akin``hakfk f cfp hktnk`haknp dnp~p ~p~f|hap+ Khkgk efzf `hnktih`a np dnihkhthya a npt `aezcnta# tfc `aea khkgk efzf`aek ccngf f pn| fcg~kf ynr hdkth`a fc tn||nka+ ^k efzf `hnktih`a pn z|~nlf`akphdn|fkda `~k lhnk f~df f cf gnktn f nk`akt|f| `apfp+

Cf ohpta|hf zaz~cf| dn cf `hnk`hf a`~ctf cf hdnf dn v~n cf `hnk`hf zapnn zadn|# zf|f dn`h|`~cnp pak cfp 'yn|dfdnp'# f v~hk cn `a||npzakdn dn`h|cfp dn`hdh| v~ phgkhih`fk# v~hkcfp fz|nkdn dkdn+ Fk ep a`~cta np nc on`oa dn v~n cf `hnk`hf thnkn |npzakpflhchdfdnpzf|f `akphdn|f| n hkic~h| nk `ea pn ~pf|k p~p |np~ctfdap# zf|f of`n| enba| a zna| cfyhdf# ep png~|f a ep f||hnpgfdf# ep o~efkf a ep hko~efkf+ Np efa| nptf|npzakpflhchdfd `~fkda nc albnta dn npt~dha np nc dhp`~|pa# nc z|hk`hzfc `fkfc o~efka zf|fa|gfkhrf| cf yhdf dn`hdh| v~hk pfln a of`n v~ `apfp pfln2 ph nc `aka`hehnkta nc zadn|pn|k dhpt|hl~hdap# `aezf|thdap a f`fzf|fdap `ncapfenktn `~ptadhfda# ph cf gnktn f`nztfa khngf p~ |npzakpflhchdfd# ph `ak nc dhp`~|pa pn |nyncfk cfp yn|dfdnp a `~hdfdapfenktn pn

cfp a`~ctf `ak z|azphta dn p~la|dhkf`hk# |npznta# daehkf`hk a dn nkgfa+

Nk nptn `aktnxta# nc dhp`~|pa `hnktih`a pn `f|f`tn|hrf za|2 /6( p~ `aezcntf ~khya`hdfdpnekth`f2 thnkn ~k phgkhih`fda a |nin|nktn kh`a z|n`hpa= /( cap ekheap |n`~|pap v~n ~thchrf zf|f phgkhih`f|= /9( cft|fkpehphk dn aka`hehnkta npzn`hfchrfda+

Z|ai+ D|+ Ba|gn Nd~f|da Ka|aEf|ra