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PRONOMBRES

Espaol Ingls

Yo ........................................ IT ......................................... YouEl........................................... He (maculino, for a man/para hombre)

She (femenino, for a woman/ para mujer)It ( para cosas o animales)

Nosotros................................ WeVosotros................................ YouEllos...................................... They

VERBOS / VERBS

En espaol los verbos en infinitivo se reconocen por las terminaciones ar, -er, -ir, y se conjugan con

el pronombre delante. En ingls se usa la partcula to + infinitivo.

Examples: cantar .......... to singBeber ........... to drinkVenir............ to come

En espaol conjugamos el verbo con distintas terminaciones y el pronombre delante;en ingls es mssencillo pues la forma verbal es la misma excepto que aaden una s en la 3 persona del singular (he/she/it+ verb +-s)

Examples.

I sing - Yo cantoYou sing T cantasHe/she/it singsEl /ella/ eso cantaWe sing Nosotros cantamosYou sing Vosotros cantaisThey sing Ellos cantan.

Existen pequeas excepciones que tienen que ver con la terminacin del verbo en infitivo, as porejemplo si el verbo termina en o en lugar de aadir una sola s, aade -es, por motivos de pronunciacin.Ejemplo to go (ir) sera he/she/it goes.

Exercises . Hacer el presente de indicativo de los siguientes verbos.To drinkTo comeTo goTo knowTo eat

VERBO TO BE . SER O ESTAR

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Es el ms importante de los verbos en ingls por ser el ms utilizado y adems actuar de auxiliar enocasiones (como ocurre en espaol con el verbo haber en las formas compuestas, que acta de auxiliar, hecantado he sido).El verbo to be tiene una conjugacin especial:

Forma normal del To be Formas contractas (ms usuales)

I am ImYou are YoureHe/she/it is Hes /shes/itsWe are wereYou are youreThey are Theyre

Examples:I am Mayte. Yo soy Mayte.You are M.Jos. T eres M.Jos.

They are friends. Ellos son amigos.She is in the park. Ella est en el parque.I am in Vigo. Yo estoy en Vigo.

Formas interrogativas del Verbo To be. Cmo hacer preguntas y cmo contestarlas.

Para hacer preguntas con este verbo solamente se vara el orden, es decir, se pone primero el verbo ydespus el pronombre. Para contestarlas simplemente decimos s (yes), una coma y usamos el verbo en elorden habitual (pronombre ms verbo).Examples.

Am I Mayte?. Yes, I am.Are you M. Jos?. Yes, you are.Are they friends?. Yes, they are.Is she in the park?. Yes, she is.Am I in Vigo?. Yes, I am.

Formas negativas.

Sucede que no todas las veces que preguntamos algo la respuesta es afirmativa, podemos responderque no, por lo que debemos aprender cmo se usa la partcula negativa not. Para hacer una frase ennegativo, aadimos al orden habitual el not, quedando as : Pronombre +verbo+not.

Examples:

Im not Mayte. / I am not Mayte.You are not M.Jos. / You arent M.Jos.They are not friends./ They arent friends.She is not in the park./ She isnt in the park.

Exercise: Hacer las preguntas anteriores respondiendo en negativo.

NMEROS.

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1.One 7.Seven 13.Thirteen 19.Nineteen 50.Fifty2.Two 8.Eight 14.Fourteen 20.Twenty 60.Sixty3.Three 9.Nine 15.Fifteen 21.Twenty-one 70.Seventy4.Four 10.Ten 16.Sixteen 22.Twenty-two 80.Eighty5.Five 11.Eleven 17.Seventeen 30.Thirty 90.Ninety6.Six 12.Twelve 18.Eighteen 41.Forty 100. A Hundred

Exercises:

01857880462017163322650134199007

SALUDOS Y PRESENTACIONES.

Good morning. Buenos das.

Good afternoon. Buenas tardes.Good evening. Buenas noches ( entre las seis de la tarde y la hora en que te vayas a dormir)Goodnight. Buenas noches.Goodbye/ bye. Adis, hasta luego.Hello/Hi Hola.

En ingls hay dos modos principales de presentarse, cada uno con una respuesta preconcebida:

- Hello, how are you? Hola, cmo ests?- Fine, thanks. And you? Bien, gracias. Y t?

O bien con esta frase hecha, sin traduccin literal, y que se debe responder igual (vamos como un dilogo debesugos).

- How do you do?- How do you do?

Exercises:

Im English. ..re German.He . nt Polish. He . Brazilian.

.. you British?. No, ..m not. I.. American.We from Italy. Where . You from? they Egyptian?. No, they. They.. French... you from Hungary?. Yes, we ... he Spanish?. No, he. He ........ Spanish........ she French?. Yes. She.. . She. French.. You German?. Yes, we .. We German.. You english?. No, I I .Irish.

VERBE TO HAVE GOT

El verbo to have got significa poseer. Con la partcula invariable got, slo hace referencia a posesin, si sela quitamos, se conjuga de otro modo y significa tener, adems de funcionar a veces como un auxiliar.

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Examples:I have got a house. Tengo una casa.I have a headache. Tengo dolor de cabeza. Observar que aqu no lleva la partcula got, porque no hacereferencia a posesin.

Conjugacin del To have got.

Presente Interrogativa Negativa

I have got Have I got? I have not got /I havent gotYou have got Have you got? You have not got / You havent gotHe has got Has he got? He has not got/ He hasnt got.She has got Has she got? She has not got/ she hasnt got.It has got Has it got? It has not got/ it hasnt got.We have got Have we got? We have not got/ we havent got.You have got Have you got? You have not got / You havent got.They have got Have they got? They have not got/ They havent got.

Examples.

I have got a house. Yo tengo una casa.You have got a car. T tienes un coche.She has got a new dress. Ella tiene un vestido nuevo.It has got a collar. El tiene un collar.We have got a fantastic book. Nosotros tenemos un libro fantstico.

Como decamos antes el verbo to have no siempre va acompaado de la partcula got. En los casos en quesignifica tener o que funcione como auxiliar no la lleva y se conjuga de forma diferente. Pero para

explicarlo debemos conocer ante el verbo auxiliar To do.

VERBE TO DO

Este verbo se puede utilizar solo, y significa hacer, o bien utilizarlo como un auxiliar para todos los verbosexcepto para el To be y el To have got, que slo aaden el not en la forma negativa y en la interrogativa seinvierten. ( Have I got? Are you? She isnt.)

Conjugacin To do (hacer)

Presente Interrogativa Negativa

I do do I? I do not/ I dontYou do do you? You do not/ you dontHe does does he? He does not/ he doesntShe does does she? She does not/ she doesntIt does does it? It does not/ It doesntWe do do we? We do not/ We dontYou do do you? You do not/ You dontThey do do they? They do not/ They dontPor lo tanto este verbo adems de poder usarlo solo, nos va a servir para hacer la interrogativa y la negativade todos los dems, slo tenemos que fijarnos en la variacin que sufre en la tercera persona de singular(he/she/it does).Pero es muy importante saber que como todos los verbos en 3 p.sing. sufren variaciones, normalmenteaaden una s, no pueden ir juntas dos variaciones, es decir, al conjugar con el verbo to do dejamos lavariacin del do y eliminamos la del otro verbo.

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Examples:

El presente de indicativo del verbo to run (correr) es el siguiente:I runYou runHe/She/It runsWe runYou runThey run

Si lo queremos pasar a negativa o interrogativa, como no es ni el to have got ni el to be, se conjugan con elto do, pero del siguiente modo.

Do I run? I dont run.Do you run? You dont run.Does he run? He doesnt run.

Does she run? She doesnt run.Does it run? It doesnt run.Do we run? We dont run.Do you run? You dont run.Do they run? They dont run.

Examples.

I dont go to the cinema. Yo no voy al cine.She does her homework. Ella hace sus deberes.It dont drink water. El no bebe agua.

We speak English. Nosotros hablamos ingls.They dont speak German. Ellos no hablan alemn.Do you break my heart?. Rompes t mi corazn?.Does she lose her book? Pierde ella su libro?She doesnt lose her book. Ella no pierde su libro.He eats a hamburguer. El come una hamburguesa.He doesnt eat a sandwich. El no come un bocadillo.We dont go to the beach in winter. Nosotros no vamos a la playa en invierno.Do we go to the beach in summer?. Vamos a la playa en verano?

VERBE TO HAVE

Como vimos antes tambin podemos conjugar el verbo to have con un sentido de tener pero no de poseer, elpresente se conjuga como el to have got , pero sin la partcula invariable got, y la interrogativa y la negativacon el auxiliar to do.

Presente Interrogativa Negativa

I have Do I have? I dont haveYou have do you have? You dont haveHe has does he have? He doesnt haveShe has does she have? She doesnt haveIt has does it have? It doesnt haveWe have do we have? We dont have

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Fijmonos que vara la 3 p. Sing. delauxiliar pero no la del conjugado, que essiempre igual.

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You have do you have? You dont haveThey have do they have? They dont have

Casi siempre podemos poner el verbo to have en lugar del to have got, pero si lo hacemos debemos tener encuenta que se conjugan de distinto modo en negativa y en interrogativa.Examples.

I have got a car. I havent got a car. Have I got a car?I have a car. I dont have a car. Do I have a car?

Con esto tenemos los tres verbos principales y ms utilizados en Ingls, el To be (ser o estar) el to have(tener) y el to do (hacer, y que nos sirve de auxiliar para todos los dems)

Exercises.

Hacer el presente, la forma interrogativa y negativa de estos verbos.

To go (ir)To phone (telefonear)To come (venir)To open (abrir)To play ( jugar, tocar algn instrumento)To speak (hablar)To like (gustar)

Exercises.

Mary . (go) to the cinema all Mondays.

Sharon ..(play) the guitar.Steve (go) to the park.They (open) the window.Gizbo, the cat, (eat) a lot.We . (come) to the English class.Mark .. (phone) the bank.We . (not like) football.You (not work) in an office.He (not have got) a dog.I. (be) Mayte.My name .. (not be) Arantxa.

I (be) in my home.She .. (love) music.It . (be) a very good mouse.I . (answer) the question.

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Poner las anteriores frases en interrogativa.

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Kent Walker is a secret agent. He is in London now. He has to travel to a country called Tribania. He cannot travelwith his own passport because perhaps the police in Tribania have some information about him. Perhaps they know heis a spy.Robert Shaw was born in Cardiff in 1954. His parents moved to Bristol when he was six. He lived in Bristol fortwelve years. He went to London University when he was nineteen and studied computer science. He got married fouryears ago. Three years ago he moved to Southampton where he still lives with his wife and two children. He now has

a job with Computer International Services. He has been with this company since 1st April.

Traduccin del texto : Kent Walker es un agente secreto. El est en Londres ahora. El tiene que viajar a un pasllamado Tribania. El no puede viajar con su propio pasaporte porque quizs la polica en Tribania tiene algunainformacin sobre el. Quiz ellos saben que es un espa.Robert Shaw ha nacido /naci en Cardiff en 1956. Sus padres se mudaron a Bristol cuando el tena seis (aos).El vivien Bristol durante 12 aos. El fue a la Universidad de Londres cuando tena 19 y estudi ciencias de las computadoras(informtica). El contrajo matrimonio hace cuatro aos. Hace tres aos se mud a southampton donde an vive con sumujer y dos nios. El ahora tiene un trabajo con la Computer International Services (servicios internacionales deordenadores). El ha estado con esta compaa desde el primero de abril.

Traduccin de las preguntas y posibles respuestas:

1. Where does Shaw live? - Donde vive Shaw?He lives in Southampton. El vive en Southampton.2. What is his job? . - Cual es su trabajo?.He jobs with computers. His job is computer science. - Trabaja con ordenadores. Su trabajo es informtico.3. Is he a spy?. - Es un espa?No, he isnt. - No, el no lo es.4. Who does he work for? - Para quien trabaja?He works for Computer Internationa Services. - Trabaja para C.I.S.5. What is his nationality? - Cul es su nacionalidad?He is Britain/English. El es britnico/ingls.

6. Where was he born? - Dnde naci?He was born in Cardiff. El naci en Cardiff.7. When was born? -Cundo naci?He was born in 1954. El naci en 1954.8. How old was he when he moved to Bristol? - Cuntos aos tena cuando se mud a Bristol?He was six years old. /He was six. El tena seis aos de edad.9. How long was he there? - Cunto tiempo estuvo all?He lived in Bristol for twelve years. - El vivi en Bristol durante/por doce aos.10. How old was he when he went to London University?- Qu aos tena cuando fue a la Universidad de

Londres?He was nineteen years old. Tena diecinueve aos.11. What did he study at Bristol University? - Qu estudi en la universidad de Bristol?

He didnt study anything at Bristol University. He went to London University. El no estudi nada en launiversidad de Bristol. El fue a la universidad de Londres.12. How long has he been married? - Cunto tiempo ha estado casado?He got married four years ago. El contrajo matrimonio hace cuatro aos.13. How long has he been in Southampton? - Cunto tiempo ha estado en Southampton?He moved to Southampton three years ago. Se mud a Southampton hace tres aos.14. What company does he work for?- Para que empresa trabaja?He works for C.I.S. Trabaja para C.I.S.15. How long has he have a job with Computer International Services? - Cunto hace que ha trabajado para

C.I.S.?He has have a job with C.I.S. since 1st (first) April. Ha tenido un trabajo con C.I.S. desde el primero de abril.

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EJERCICIOS DE REPASO DE FORMAS VERBALES.

Complete the sentences:

1) They ..................... a barbecue on Sundays. (have/has) ellos tienen una barbacoa todos los domingos2) He . To bring the books. (forget/ forgets) el olvida traer los libros.

3) She. Lucky to catch the bus. (is, are, am) ella tiene suerte de coger el bus. (to be lucky)4) We a barbecue today. (have/has) nosotros tenemos una barbacoa hoy.5) He.. lucky to have a boat. (am/is) el tiene suerte de tener un bote.6) He . His new pet to Sally. (show/shows) el ensea su nuevo cachorro a sally.7) Jerry .. his new pet Max. (call/calls) Jerry llama a su nueva mascota Max.8) Sally.. the pet in her arms. (hold/holds) Sally coge/abraza el cachorro en sus brazos9) They.. the pet playing. (see/sees) ellos miran al cachorro jugando.10) She to go to London. (hope/hopes) ella espera ir a Londres.11) They.. for freedom. (fight/fights) Ellos luchan por la libertad.12) We the old mission. (visit/visits) Nosotros visitamos la vieja misin.

13) He his dog for a walk. (take/takes) He saca/coge a su perro para un paseo

Make negative:

14) I am hungry.tengo hambre ......15) I am thirstytengosed..16) They forget my birthday ellos olvidan mi cumpleaos..17)We have a barbecue every Sunday...18) You work in an officetu trabajas en unaoficina..19) We smoke two cigarrettesnosotros fumamos dos cigarrillos....

20) He speaks Greek very well el habla griego muy bien..

Make interrogative:

21)You are hungry22)He is thirsty.23)She forgets my birthday...24)You have a barbecue every Sunday.

Complete with the verb to be:

25)Is he American? Yes, he ...26)Is it a hospital? No, it .. Its a hotel.27)Is .. a T.V?. No, ..isnt. It a computer.28)..it a Japanese? Yes, 29)she a doctor? No, isnt. ..a teacher.30)Is your car German? No, . It .Italian.

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QUESTIONS:

Las partculas ms usadas para hacer preguntas son:

WHO - Quien WHAT QuWHERE Dnde WHEN Cundo

HOW - Cmo WHICH Cul

Se pone la partcula interrogativa que deseamos delante, y luego la frase en interrogativa, es decirverbo y pronombre si es con el to be o con el to have got (what are you?/what have you got?) o bienel auxiliar to do el pronombre y el verbo que se conjuga ( what do you do?)Esto no supone ninguna variacin hacia lo que ya sabamos, simplemente ponemos delante de todola partcula interrogativa. Unas de las preguntas ms habituales son :

Who are you? - quin eres?Where do you live? - dnde vives?- I live in Vigo.

Where are you from? - De dnde eres? Im from Spain.How old are you? - qu aos tienes?- Im twenty-seven years old.What do you do? - qu haces? (se refiere a profesin). Im a doctor.Whats your name? -cmo es tu nombre?. My name is Mayte.

TEXTE.

My name is Lee. Im twenty-one years old. I live with my family in a small flat in Hong-Kong. Istudy psychology. I speak English and Chinese. I like Chinese and Italian food. I dont drink coffee

or milk but I love Chinese tea. I dont smoke and I dont have got a car. In the evenings, I watch TVor films on video. On Saturdays, I go to discos and on Sundays, I play basketball or table tennis.

Answer the questions about the texte:

Where is he from.?Where does he live?..How old is he?Does he work? ...What does he do? ..

Does he study on Saturdays? What is his name? Does he have got a car? Does he drink milk? ..What languages does he speak?.

Subrayar todos los verbos que se encuentren en el texto.Escribir tres frases sobre vosotras mismas.

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I live with my family in Lagos, Nigeria. I dont work. I study computer science. I want to be acomputer programmer. In my free time, I meet my friends or watch TV. And I do a lot of sport. I

play football and I run every day. I dont smoke and I dont drink alcohol.

Does he live with his family?.Does he work? ...

Does he a student? .Does he want to be a programmer? ...What does he do in his free time? .Where does he live? ..Whats his nationality? .

Posessives:

I ------------- my. My house. My car. My flat. My job. (mi casa, mi coche, mi piso, mi trabajo)You----------your Your case. Your friend . Your door. (tu maleta, tu amigo, tu puerta)

He -----------his His book. His pen. His mother. (su libro, su boligrafo, su madre)She-----------her Her hand. Her pet. Her eyes. (su mano, su mascota, sus ojos)It------------- its Its channel. Its bone. Its home (su canal, su hueso, su hogar/casa)We ---------- our Our travel. Our class. Our bodys. (nuestro viaje, nuestra clase, nuestros cuerpos)You--------- your Your paper. Your bicycle. Your tree. (vuestro papel, vuestra bicicleta, vuestro rbol)They-------- their Their ship, their milk, their carpet. (su barco, su leche, su alfombra)

........... name is Anna.

..........names are Mark and Paul.

........ name is Anxo.

Articles.

El artculo un/una es muy utilizado en ingls y muy fcil pues simplemente se escribe a,solamente hay que tener encuenta que si el nombre o adjetivo al que acompaa comienza por vocal,se cambia por an, pues no deben ir dos vocales juntas. Ex. : a bus, a hand, a tree, an egg, (un

autobus, una mano, un rbol, un huevo.)An airport...... hamburger..... snake.. year..Italian film... pizza..Chinese restaurant....... important pone number. egg.

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EL VERBO TO MAY

May , que se traduce por puede que, podra en el sentido de ser posible y de tener permiso, es un verbodefectivo con slo dos tiempos: presente (may) y pasado (might).El presento tiene una sola forma para todas las personas, es decir, no aade s en la tercera de singular, yva seguido de un infinitivo sin toI may go to the cinema tomorrow. Podra, puede que vaya al cine maana.It may be cold inside. Podra hacer fro dentro.

-Se suele utilizar para pedir permiso de forma educada, o para requerimientos que exigen cierta cortesa.When you finish the test, you may leave. Cuando acabes el exmen, puedes irte.May I borrow your pen, please? Puedo pedirte prestado tu bolgrafo, por favor?

-Tambin indica posibilidad.I may rain tomorrow. Podra llover maana.She isnt in class. She may be sick / ill. Ella no est en clase. Puede que est enferma.

- O tambin expresa una prohibicin.You may not smoke here. No puedes fumar aqu.You may not walk on the grass. No puedes andar sobre el csped.

I may + verb I may not + verb May I +verb?You mayHe/she/it mayWe mayYou mayThey may

VERBO MUST :

El presento tiene una sola forma para todas las personas, es decir, no aade s en la tercera de singular, yva seguido de un infinitivo sin toSe traduce como deber y slo tiene la forma de presente, en pasado y futuro utilizamos en lugar de must elverbo have to.

I must go to visit her. Debo visitarla.I must be there. Debo estar all.

Puede expresar deber moral, (you must go to see your mother, debes visitar a tu madre).Probabilidad (Karen must be sick)

Necesidad (enfatizar una frase, I must be home by eight, debo estar en casa sobre las ocho)Prohibicin (You must not walk on the grass. It is prohibited. No debes andar sobre el csped. Est

prohibido.)

I must wash my hands before dinner. Debo lavar mis manos antes de cenar.Must he make than noise? Debe hacer ese ruido?Mother must be cooking because I can smell food. Mam debe estar cocinando porque puedo oler comida.You must not swim after lunch. No debes nadar despus de comer.

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VERBO SHOULD :

Puede tener varias traducciones posibles, no ms habitual es que sustituya al condicional del castellanodependiendo del verbo que acompae: cambiara, sera, nadara..... Pero muchas veces lo traducimostambien por debera.El presento tiene una sola forma para todas las personas, es decir, no aade s en la tercera de singular, yva seguido de un infinitivo sin to

I-you-he- she- it- we you- they- should /should not + verb.

He should not swim after eating. No nadara despus de comer. (tb. No debera nadar)You should not drive too fast. No deberas conducir tan rpido.It should be a nice day. Ser/sera/ podra ser un bonito da.Should he buy a motorcycle? Comprara una moto?Should we wait for Tom? Deberamos esperar por Tom?It shouldnt rain if there are no clouds. No debera llover si no hay nubes.

VERBO OUGHT TO

Podramos traducirlo como tener que o deber por obligacin.Tambin va acompaado de un verbo en infinitivo sin to, solo que ya de por si el verbo ought vaacompaado de su propio to. Como los anteriores no cambia en la tercera persona de singular, es decir, noaade s.

I- you- he- she- it- we- you- they ought to/ought not to + verbI ought to change my clother because they are dirty. Tengo que cambiar mis ropas porque estn sucias.We ought to be happy when the new color TV arrives. Tenemos que estar felices cuando la nueva televisn

en color llegue.It ought not to rain if there are no clouds. No tiene que llover si no hay nubes.It ought to snow today. Tiene que /debera nevar hoy.It ought not to cost very much. No debe costar mucho.

VERBO TO CAN.

Significa poder, es mucho ms comn que todos los anteriores. El presento tiene una sola forma para todaslas personas, es decir, no aade s en la tercera de singular, y va seguido de un infinitivo sin to

I can +verb Can I +verb I can not/cant +verb

I cannot do that. No puedo hacer eso.It cannot play football, it has four legs. El no puede jugar al ftbol, tiene cuatro piernas.We can go to the cinema next Sunday. Podemos ir al cine el prximo domingo.Can you say that name? Puedes decir ese nombre?Can I do it? Puedo hacerlo?He can speak Russian.She cant play tennis.Can you ride a horse? Yes, I can. No, I cannot.

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WHAT TIM E IS IT? (qu hora es?)

Sixty seconds = a minute.Sixty minutes = a hour.Twenty-four hours= a daySeven days = a weekFour weeks = a monthTwelve months = a year.

a.m. : in the morningp.m. : in the afternoon 12.00 : midday 24.00 : midnight

Desde la posicin de las doce a las doce y media utilizamos la partcula past, ponemos primero el sujeto quees it porque las horas son cosas no personas, despus van los minutos seguidos de past y finalmente lashoras, es decir al revs que en castellano.

Its one oclock. La una en punto.

It is five past one . La una y cincoIts ten past one. La una y diez.Its fifteen past one. La una y quince. O Its a quarter past one. (ms utilizada)Its twenty past one. La una y veinte.Its twenty-five past one. La una y veinticinco.Its half past one. La una y media, forma especial como las y cuarto.

A partir de aqu sigue todo igual excepto que cambiamos la partcula past por to.Its twenty-five to two. Las dos menos veinticinco.Its twenty to two. Las dos m enos veinte.Its a quarter to two. Las dos menos cuarto.

Its ten to two. Las dos menos diez.Its five to two. Las dos menos cinco.Its two oclock. Las dos en punto.

What time is it?

9.154.456.27.7.289.55

TEXTE: A DAY OF A NURSE.

I go to work at ten oclock in theevening. I wear a blue and whiteuniform at work. I work in a very

big building with a lot of beds andwindows. I like working with

people. I get home at seven in themorning.

What time does she start to work?

Where do you think that she works?

Does she like her job?

What does she wear in her job?

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TEXTE : THE POSTMANHe gets up at five oclock in themorning and he starts work at six.He goes to woek by car but atwork he walks a lot. He hates dogs

and he hates working when itrains. He finishes work at midday.

What time does he get up?

Does he like dogs?

Does he work by car?What time does he finish work?

TEXTE: KARENS DAYI live in New York city.I get up atseven thirty. Then I have breakfastand go to work. I have lunch atone. I finish work at five. I havedinner at seven. After dinner I

watch TV, and I go to bed at abouteleven.

What does she do after breakfast?

What time does she have lunch?

What does she do after dinner?

Does she go to bed late?

FAMILY

Mother Madre Mary Johnson has got a brother and a sister. Her brother is Will. He goes to school. Her sister, Amelia, is married.She has two children: a baby girl, Wendy, and a boycalled Craig. Marys brother-in-law is called John.Marys grandfather is Harry. He and his wife, Maggie,

live in Sydney, Australia. Marys grandparents have twochindren. Lucy is married to Tom Brown. Mary likes hercousins Alvin and Rose, but the live a long way away.

What is the name of Mary s brother?

Where do Harry and Maggie live?

Does Mary like her cousins?

Father PadreGrandfather AbueloGrandmother AbuelaAunt Ta

Uncle ToBrother-in-law cuadoCousins PrimosParents PadresSister Hermana

brother hermanoSon Hijodaughter hijahusband Maridowife mujer nephew Sobrinoniece sobrina

TEXTE: FAMILIES

Paul is looking at a family photograph. He istalking about his family.That is Simon, my

brother. He is a banker, That is Ann, his wife.She is a music teacher. They have got two sons.Joe is seven years old and his brother, Tim, is tenyears old. That is my sister, Caroline. She is Joe

and Tims favourite aunt! That is her husband,Robert. He is a writer. Theyve got a son and adaughter, John and Sandra my nephew and nieceof course! They are fun.

How many sons has Simon and Ann got?

Who Is Tims favourite aunt?

What does Simon do? And Robert?

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Can you make these sentences negative?

He needs to buy a tennis racket

They need to study the lesson.

We need to wash the car.

You need to spend a day at the library

It need to be bigger.

Can you complete these sentences? Use one of the words or phrases in brackets.

I.. to ride a horse. (want, wants)We.. to buy a cheap football. (wants, want)

Jim and Ben to see that film. (dont want, doesnt want)You.. to watch television last night. (wants, want)I to wear gloves. (doesnt want, dont want)

Can you change these staments into questions?For example: Ben wants to play tennis. Does Ben want to play tennis?

Alice wants to buy some nice tennis balls.

The need to do exercises.

I want to learn Spanish.

You want to read the newspaper.

We need to telephone to Mother.

Can you complete these sentences? Use one of the words or phrases in brackets.

.. doesnt want to see that film. (Bill, they).. dont need to study that lesson. ( Jack and Bill, he)Do need to buy a nice tennis racket? (She, you)

SIMPLE PAST

La mayora de los verbos en pasado aaden ed, pero existen otros muchos que tienen una forma especficay que tenemos que aprender.La nica diferencia con el presente es que no aaden s en la tercera persona de singular, por lo que

siempre es la misma forma. En cuanto a la forma interrogativa y la negativa siguen la misma forma que elpresente, el auxiliar delante en pasado y luego la forma del verbo que ests conjugando en infinito (sin elto).

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Examples.To do (auxiliar) To be (ser o estar)I did I wasYou did You wereHe/she/it did he/she/it wasWe did we wereYou did you wereThey did they were

Regular verbs : add edTo play - played jugarTo weigh weighed pesarTo wait waited esperarTo post posted enviarTo help helped ayudar

Irregular verbs:

To tell told decirTo see- saw verTo send- sent enviarTo do- did hacerTo go- went irTo have- had tener

Present simple past simpleI go I wentI dont go I didnt goDo I go Did I go?

Yes, I do. / Yes, I did.No, I dont. / no, I didnt

EXERCISES.Can you complete these sentences? Use one of the woeds in brackets?.

Bethsad because of her test. (was, were)Lauraher lesson. (studied, studies)I the test. (passed, passes.)We right about this work.(was, were)

They have.for the test. (studied, studies)Hethe time reading.(spends, spent)

Make the sentences negative:There were some pictures on the wall.

She worked yesterday.

There was a knife on the floor.

He likes jazz.

They were to fly to Ankara.

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PRESENT CONTINUOS / PROGRESIVE TENSE

El presente continuo se utiliza de dos maneras, como un significado de futuro en algunos casos ynormalmente en situaciones que estn ocurriendo en el preciso momento en que se est hablando.

Se utiliza con el verbo to be conjugado y el otro verbo que lo acompaa aade a su infinitivo (sin el to) laterminacin ing.

En pasado se utiliza tambin conjugando el verbo to be en pasado.

Examples:

That people are dancing. Esa gente est bailando.I think my boyfriend is working.I am wearing a red skirt. Llevo puesta una camiseta roja.John is probably getting up. John est probablemente levantndose.She is singing. Ella est cantando.

Andy is talking to Polly. Andy est hablando con Polly.What are you cooking? qu ests cocinando?What are you eating? Qu ests comiendo?

Exercises:

Can you complete these sentences? Put the verbs in the progressive present

We. Listening to the radio.She listening to records... you listening to the radio?

. She going to the cinema?.. he selling tickets?

.. were listening to the radio before the TV program started. (you, Jack). Was buying the tickets before the film started. (we, Jane)were going to the cinema when it started to rain. (Jack and Don, she)

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A LETTER TO A PENFRIEND

Kopitarjeve 1115121, LjubljanaSlovenia

October 28th 1995

Dear Karina,

My names Dalibor and Im from Slovenia. I was born in Dobrova, a small town near Ljubljana in Sloveniabut we live in Ljubljana now. I live with my parents, my grandmother and my brother and sister. Mybrothers at school and my sister works for IBM. My fathers got a small company wich exports glass. Mymothers a housewife, but she often helps at my fathers company too when theyre very bussy.

Im twentytwo and Im single. Im studying Technology. Im in my third year at university. I have classesevery morning from 9 to 1.30 and then I have lunch. In the afternoon, I usually study in the library. When Ifinish my university course Im going to try and get a job as an engineer in an international company.Thats why I need to learn English.

In my free time I like playing sport. At weekends I play basketball for the university team. I also liketravelling very much.

Last summer I went on holiday to Bulgaria. I went with Iva, my girlfriend, and we stayed in a youth hostelnear Sofia. The weather was great so we went walking in the mountains nearly every day. It was fantastic.Have you ever been there?

Please write soon and send a photo.

Best wishes,

Dalibor.

Who is he?

Where was he born?

Where does he live?

What does his family do?

How old is he?

What does he do every day?

Why is you learning English?

What does he like doing in his free time?

What did he do last summer?

What will he do when he finish at university?

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Read the letter. Answer true or false.

1. He lives in the town where he was born.2. He lives with five people.3. His parents sometimes work together.4. He has three and a half hours of classes every day.5. Hes going to use English at work.6. He likes basketball and travelling.7. His girlfriends name is Sofia.

A family tree.

Joes wifes name is Ann. Joe and Ann have got three children: two daughters and a son. Their daughtersnames are Alice and Lucy, and their sons name is Fred. Fred and Lucy are not married. Alices husbandsname is Harry. Harry and Alice have got two children: a boy and a girl. Their daughters name is Pat, and

their sons name is Eric.

Who is Joes wife?Who is Eric?Has Ann got any son? And daughter?What are their names?

What are you like? What do you looks like?

Ive got blue eyes, and my mother has, too. Ive got straight hair but my brothers got curly hair.

Sheila has got long dark hair and brown eyes.Mary has got long fair hair and green eyes.Thomas is five feet tall.My father weighs about 70 kg.Im thirty-four, and I look my age.

How tall are you?How much do you weigh?

Im quite shy. I look calm but actually Im rather nervy. I think Im kind but sometimes I am bad-tempered.I think I look like a bussinesman.

Marys brother is eighteen years old. He is a good-looking boy. He has got a a He has got brown eyes andshort and straight fair hair. He is very tall, about seven feet inches tall and slim, over fifty-five kilogrames.He practices sports then he has got a muscular body. He looks like an actor.

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COMPARATIVES

POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVEThe dog is big the garage is bigger the house is the biggestThe bicycle goes fast the motorcycle goes faster the car goes fastest

The car is small the bicycle is smaller the ball is the smallest

The salad is cold the milk is colder the ice cream is the coldestThe salad is good the milk is better the ice cream is the bestMother eats well bobby eats better father eats best.

1. Usually for adjectives and adverbs that have one or two syllables.Normalmente para adjetivos y adverbios que tienen una o dos slabas aaden al adjetivo er para elcomparativo, y para el superlativo est.

POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

Old viejo older oldestCold Fro Colder Coldestwhite blanco Whiter whitestCheap barato Cheaper CheapestFast Rpido Faster FastestSlow Despacio Slower SlowestSoon pronto sooner soonest

IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

Good Bueno Better BestWell Bien Better bestMuch Mucho More Most

bad Malo Worse WorstLittle Pequeo Less Least

badly malamente worse worst

2. Usually for adjectives of more than two syllables and adverbs that end in lyNormalmente para adjetivos de ms de dos slabas y adverbios que finalicen en ly, aaden moredelante en el comparativo y most en el superlativo.

POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

Important importante More important Most importantExpensive Caro more expensive Most expensiveDifficult Difcil More difficult Most difficult

Nearly Cercano More nearly Most nearlyHappyly Felizmente More happily Most happilyquietly tranquilamente More quietly Most quietly

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3. For adjectives and adverbs that indicate less of a quantity.Para adjetivos y adverbios que indican menos de una cantidad (referidos a cantidades)

POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVEexpensive Caro Less expensive Least expensiveDifficult Difcil Less difficult Least difficultWide Ancho Less wide Least wideScared Asustado Less scared Least scaredQuietly Tranquilo Less quietly Least quietly

Nicely bonito Less nicely Least nicely

THE BIGGEST DESERT

In the northern part of Africa there is a great amount of hot, dry land called desert. This desert is bigger thanSpain, France, and Germany together.It is called the Sahara Desert and it is the biggest desert in the world.

Nobody lives in the driest parts of the desert. In other parts where the land is higher there is enough rain for

plants to grow.In the desert there are places where water comes from springs or wells all the year. These places are calledoases.Many of the people of the desert move from place to place looking for more water and grass for the animals.The camel is the most important animal in the desert. It is called the ship of the desertMost of the land in the desert is not owned by anyone.

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ABOUT MARTIN

Martin lived in London for ten years, and then he went to Surrey, where he bought anew house. He worked at Interface Computers Ltd for three years, that is, since 1970. Healways had the same job, and never thought about changing. He got married in 1975, tha is,he is married for six years. He and his wife, Judith moved into their house in Surrey five

years ago, and they live there ever since. Martin and Judith met while they were still atschool: they knew each other since they were fifteen years old. They have had two childrensince they get married; the younger child is still at school, but the elder son left scholl and isnow at college.

What does Martin do?

Where did he meet Judith?

How many children has they got?

How old is their elder son?

Where does Martin live?

Did he live in Surrey since he was born?

What do their children do?

How old were Martin and Judith when they met each other?

Translation:Martin vivi en Londres durante 10 aos, y entonces el se fue a Surrey, donde compr una casa nueva. El trabaj en InterfaceComputers Ltd durante/hace 3 aos, esto es, desde 1970. El siempre tuvo el mismo trabajo, y nunca pens en cambiarlo. El secas en 1975, esto es, el est casado hace 6 aos. El y su mujer Judith, se mudaron a su casa en Surrey hace cinco aos y ellosviven all desde entonces. Martn y Judith se encontraron mientras ellos estaban todava en el colegio: ellos se conocen desde quetenan quince aos. Ellos han tenido dos hijos desde que estn casados; el ms joven est todava en el colegio, pero el mayor hijodej el colegio y est ahora en el instituto.

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Marco Polo was born in Vence in 1254. With his father and his uncle, who were businessmen, hetravelled to China in 1275. They were the first Europeans to do this. Marco Polo stayed at the court of theChinese emperor for many years, and went as an ambassador for the emperor to Tonkin, Annam, India andPersia.

He went back to Venice in 1295, made rich by his travels. Polo wrote a book about his experiences,but not many people believed him at first. He died in 1324.

Where was Marco Polo born?

What did Marco Polos father do?

When was Marco Polo born?

How many years did he stay at the court of the Chinese emperor.?

When did he go back to Venice?

What did he do with his travels?

Where did he die?

SOME AND ANY

Use some in positive sentences:

- Im going to buy some eggs.- There is some ice in the fridge.- They made some mistakes.- She said something.- I saw somebody or someone.

Use any in negative sentences:- Im not going to buy any eggs.- There isnt any ice in the fridge.- They didnt make any mistakes.- She didnt say anything.

- I didnt see anybody (or anyone)

Any and some in questions.

In most questions (but not all) we use any:- Is there any ice in the fridge?- Did they make any mistakes?- Are you doing anything this evening?- I cant find Ann. Has anybody seen her?

We normally use some (not any) when we offer things (Would you like some..?-A: Would you like some coffee?-B: Yes please.-A: Would you like something to eat?-B: No, thank you. Im not hungry.

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And when we ask for things (Can I have some?)

Can I have some soup, please? Yes, of course. Help yourself.Can you lend me some money? Im sorry. I cannot.

Weve got some cheese but we havent got any bread.I didnt take any photographs but Ann took some (some photographs)You can have some coffee, but I don0t want any (any coffee)Ive just made some coffee. Would you like some? (some coffee)I haven0t got any money. Can you lend me some? (some money)

Exercises.

Put in some or any.

1) Im going to buy eggs.2) They didnt make mistakes.

3) I can pay. Ive got money.4) There arent shops in this part of the town.5) George and Alice havent got children.6) Have you got . Brothers or sisters?7) There are beautiful flowers in the garden.8) Are there .. letters for me this morning?9) I havent got .. satamps but Anns got.-10) Do you know good hotels in London?11) Would you like. Tea? Yes, please.12) Dont buy any rice. We dont need .13) We havent got .bread, so Im going out to buy

14) When we wre on holiday, we visited . Very interesting places.15) I went out to buy milk but they didnt have .. in the shop.16) Im thirsty. Can I have .. water, please?

Complete the sentences. Use some or any + one of these words.

Air batteries chairs cheese friends languages milk money photographs problems shampoo stamps.

1) I cant buy you a drink. I havent got .

2) I want to wash my hair. Is there .?3) Im going to the post office to get .4) Can you speak . Foreign ?5) I havent got my camera so I cant take .6) Sorry we are late. We had with the car.7) Everybody was standing because there werent in the hall.8) Its hot in this office. Im going out for fresh 9) Why isnt the radio working? Are there .. in it?10) Can I have . In my coffee, please?11) Yesterday evening I went to a restaurant with.. of mine.12) Would you like ..? No, thank you. Ive had enough to eat.

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Put in somebody (or someone) /something/ anybody (or anyone)/anything

She said but I didnt understand it.Whats wrong?. Theres in my eye.Do you know .. about politics?I went to the shop but I didnt buy .. has broken the window. I dont know who.There isnt in the box. It is empty.Im looking for my keys. Has .. seen them?Would you like .. to drink?I didnt eat . Because I wasnt hungry.I can do this job alone. I dont need . To help me.

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Paola is an Italian student of English at a school in London. Read and listen to her letter toDavid, her penfriend.

72 Nexton DriveLondon SW6

3rd October

Dear David,

How are you? Im fine. Im in London, at the International School of English. Im in class 3with eight other students. Theyre all from different countries Spain, France, Japan, Argentina,Switzerland, and Thailand. Our teachers name name is Peter Briscall. Hes very nice. Hes funnyand hes a very good teacher.

My new address is at the top of the letter. Im with an English family, the Browns. Mr. AndMrs. Brown have three children. Thomas is fourteen, Catherine is twelve, and Andrew is seven.They are all very friendly, but it isnt easy to understand them!

London is very big and very interesting. The weather is good, cold but sunny, and the parksare beautiful. Hyde Park, Green Park and St. Jamess Park are all in the centre. It isnt easy to usethe Underground, but I understand it now. Its very expensive.

English food isnt very bad, but the coffee is horrible.

Write to me soon.Love, Paola

P.S.Is my English ok?

Where are she from?

How many people live in her house in London?

Whats the name of the English family?

Does she enjoy her stay in London?

What is her teacher looks like?

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AN INTERVIEW

Bank manager: Good morning, Mr. Harris.Customer: Good morningBM. Please sit down.C. Thank you.

BM. Now, one or two questions.C. Yes, of course.BM How old are you, Mr. Harris?C. thirty-twoBM:And you are Canadian, arent you?C:Yes, thats right.BM. Are you married or single?C. Yes, Im married.BM. What is your wifes name?C. Monica.BM. And your wifes age, Mr. Harris.C. Pardon?BM. How old is Mrs. Harris?C. Oh, she is thirty.BM. Thirty. I see. And is she Canadian, too?C. No, shes British.BM. British, yes. Have you got any children?C. Yes, three. Two boys and a girl.

(phone rings)

BM. Excuse me a moment. Hello, Anne, Yes? Yes? I am. No. Yes. No, Im sorry. I dont know.No. yes, all right. Thank you. Goodbye. Im sorry, Mr. Harris. Now, two girls and a boy, you said?C. No, two boys and a girl.BM. Oh, yes. Im sorry. And what are their names?C. Alan, Jane and Max.BM. And their ages?C. twelve, ten and six.BM. I see. Now one more question, Mr. Harris. What is your job? What do you do?C. Im a university teacher.BM. A university teacher. Right . Thank you. Now, you want $50.000 to buy a house.C. Thats right.BM. And what sort of security.

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